Healths improvement: or, Rules comprizing and discovering the nature, method, and manner of preparing all sorts of food used in this nation. Written by that ever famous Thomas Muffett, Doctor in Physick: corrected and enlarged by Christopher Bennet, Doctor in Physick, and fellow of the Colledg of Physitians in London.
         Moffett, Thomas, 1553-1604.
      
       
         
           1655
        
      
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         99863026
         115208
         
           
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             Healths improvement: or, Rules comprizing and discovering the nature, method, and manner of preparing all sorts of food used in this nation. Written by that ever famous Thomas Muffett, Doctor in Physick: corrected and enlarged by Christopher Bennet, Doctor in Physick, and fellow of the Colledg of Physitians in London.
             Moffett, Thomas, 1553-1604.
             Bennet, Christopher, 1617-1655.
          
           [8], 296 p.
           
             Printed by Tho: Newcomb for Samuel Thomson, at the sign of the white Horse in Pauls Churchyard,
             London, :
             1655.
          
           
             With a preliminary imprimatur leaf.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "May. 8.".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Diet -- Early works to 1800.
           Food -- Early works to 1800.
           Nutrition -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           Healths
           Improvement
           :
           OR
           ,
           RULES
           Comprizing
           and
           Discovering
           The
           
             Nature
             ,
             Method
          
           ,
           and
           Manner
           of
           Preparing
           all
           sorts
           of
           FOOD
           Used
           in
           this
           NATION
           .
        
         
           Written
           by
           that
           ever
           Famous
           
             THOMAS
             MVFFETT
          
           ,
           Doctor
           in
           PHYSICK
           :
        
         
           Corrected
           and
           Enlarged
           BY
           
             CHRISTOPHER
             BENNET
          
           ,
           Doctor
           in
           Physick
           ,
           and
           Fellow
           of
           the
           Colledg
           of
           Physitians
           in
           London
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Tho
             :
             Newcomb
          
           for
           
             Samuel
             Thomson
          
           ,
           at
           the
           sign
           of
           the
           white
           Horse
           in
           Pauls
           Churchyard
           ,
           1655.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           Imprimatur
           ,
        
         
           
             FRANCIS
             PRUJEAN
             ,
             President
             .
             
             BALDUINUS
             HAMEY
             ,
             
             GEORGE
             ENT
             .
             
             EDMUND
             WILSON
             .
             
             CHRISTOPH
             .
             BENNET
             Censors
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Table
           .
        
         
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
            
             
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 WHat
                 Diet
                 is
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Who
                 were
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 What
                 good
                 it
                 bringeth
                 .
                 1
              
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               2.
            
             
             
               
                 1
                 How
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 Diet
                 there
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Wherein
                 Diet
                 consisteth
                 materially
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Wherein
                 Diet
                 consisteth
                 formally
                 .
                 2
              
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               3.
               and
               4.
            
             
             Of
             Aire
             .
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 How
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 .
                 12
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 How
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 prepared
                 .
                 20
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 How
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 used
                 .
                 20
              
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               5.
            
             
             Of
             Meat
             ,
             and
             the
             differcnces
             thereof
             ,
             in
             Kind
             ,
             Substance
             ,
             Temperature
             and
             Taste
             .
             29
          
           
             Chap.
             6
             Of
             Meats
             .
             How
             they
             differ
             in
             Preparation
             ,
             Age
             and
             Sex.
             41
          
           
             
               Chap.
               7.
            
             
             
               
                 1
                 How
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 flesh
                 there
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Whether
                 flesh
                 or
                 fish
                 were
                 first
                 eaten
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 whether
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 the
                 purest
                 and
                 best
                 nourishment
                 .
                 50
              
            
          
           
             
               Chap.
               8.
            
             
             Of
             the
             flesh
             of
             tame
             Beasts
             .
             58
          
           
             
               Chap.
               9.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Flesh
             of
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             or
             Venison
             :
             71
          
           
             
               Chap.
               10.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Flesh
             of
             tame
             Birds
             .
             79
          
           
             
               Chap.
               11.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Flesh
             of
             wild
             Foul
             ,
             abiding
             and
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             the
             Land.
             90
          
           
             
             
               Chap.
               12.
            
             
             Of
             the
             flesh
             of
             wild
             Foul
             ,
             abiding
             and
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             the
             waters
             .
             106
          
           
             
               Chap.
               13.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Inwards
             and
             Outwards
             both
             of
             Beasts
             and
             Birds
             .
             110
          
           
             Chap.
             14.
             
             
               Of
               Milk.
            
             119
          
           
             
               Chap.
               15.
            
             
             Of
             Butter
             ,
             Cream
             ,
             Curds
             ,
             Cheese
             and
             Whey
             .
             128
          
           
             
               Chap.
               16.
            
             
             Of
             Egs
             and
             Blood.
             134
          
           
             
               Chap.
               17.
            
             
             Of
             Fish
             generally
             ,
             and
             the
             difference
             thereof
             .
             141
          
           
             Chap.
             18.
             
             
               Of
               Sea-fish
            
             .
             147
          
           
             Chap.
             19.
             
             
               Of
               fresh-water
               fish
            
             .
             175
          
           
             
               Chap.
               20.
            
             
             Of
             such
             living
             Creatures
             and
             Meats
             ,
             as
             be
             neither
             Flesh
             nor
             Fish
             ,
             and
             yet
             give
             good
             nourishment
             to
             the
             Body
             .
             190
          
           
             
               Chap.
               21.
            
             
             Of
             Fruit
             and
             the
             differences
             thereof
             .
             194
          
           
             
               Chap.
               22.
            
             
             Of
             all
             Orchard
             Fruit.
             195
          
           
             
               Chap.
               23.
            
             
             Of
             such
             Fruits
             of
             the
             Garden
             ,
             as
             are
             nourishing
             .
             215
          
           
             
               Chap.
               24.
            
             
             Of
             such
             Fruits
             of
             the
             Field
             ,
             as
             are
             nourishing
             .
             231
          
           
             
               Chap.
               25.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Variety
             ,
             Excellency
             ,
             Making
             and
             true
             use
             of
             Bread.
             235
          
           
             
               Chap.
               26.
            
             
             Of
             Salt
             ,
             Sugar
             and
             Spice
             .
             245
          
           
             
               Chap.
               27.
            
             
             Of
             the
             necessary
             use
             and
             abuse
             of
             Sawces
             ,
             and
             whereon
             they
             consist
             .
             253
          
           
             
               Chap.
               28.
            
             
             Of
             variety
             of
             Meats
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             necessary
             and
             convenient
             .
             258
          
           
             
               Chap.
               30.
            
             
             Of
             the
             quantity
             of
             Meats
             .
             273
          
           
             
               Chap.
               31.
            
             
             Of
             the
             quality
             of
             Meats
             .
             285
          
           
             
               Chap.
               32.
            
             
             Of
             the
             Time
             ,
             Order
             and
             Manner
             of
             Eating
             .
             289
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           Reader
        
         
           T
           Is
           not
           an
           itch
           to
           be
           in
           print
           ,
           but
           my
           Profession
           to
           keep
           men
           alive
           ,
           and
           when
           gone
           to
           recover
           and
           revive
           them
           ,
           that
           hath
           induced
           me
           to
           this
           undertaking
           ▪
           Blame
           me
           not
           therefore
           for
           using
           means
           to
           raise
           our
           Author
           out
           of
           the
           dust
           ,
           and
           long
           oblivion
           ,
           wherein
           he
           was
           buried
           :
           T
           is
           true
           ,
           his
           own
           relations
           and
           their
           interests
           much
           sollicited
           my
           help
           ;
           but
           the
           merits
           of
           the
           man
           were
           my
           greatest
           motives
           ,
           and
           his
           Old
           Fame
           most
           quickned
           me
           to
           restore
           him
           ▪
           Seriously
           ,
           upon
           perusal
           ,
           I
           found
           so
           much
           Life
           and
           Pulse
           in
           his
           dead
           Works
           ,
           that
           it
           had
           not
           been
           charity
           
           in
           me
           to
           let
           him
           dye
           outright
           ,
           specially
           when
           t
           is
           for
           the
           worlds
           good
           and
           your
           
             (
             Healths
             Improvement
             .
          
           )
           This
           is
           all
           ,
           only
           if
           it
           may
           be
           any
           advantage
           to
           have
           my
           Judgement
           ,
           t
           is
           a
           Piece
           for
           my
           palate
           ,
           not
           likely
           to
           dis-relish
           any
           ,
           where
           so
           much
           pleasure
           is
           interlarded
           with
           our
           profit
           ▪
           I
           may
           safely
           say
           ,
           upon
           this
           subject
           I
           know
           none
           that
           hath
           done
           better
           ;
           and
           were
           
             Platina
             ,
             Apicius
          
           ,
           or
           Alexandrinus
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           Dietetick
           writers
           now
           alive
           ,
           they
           would
           certainly
           own
           ,
           and
           highly
           value
           this
           Discourse
           .
           Accept
           then
           kindly
           his
           endevors
           ,
           that
           strives
           to
           do
           you
           good
           both
           in
           publick
           and
           private
           .
           Farewell
           .
        
         
           
             Chr.
             Bennet
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           I.
           
        
         
           
             1.
             
             What
             Diet
             is
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Who
             were
             the
             authors
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             What
             good
             it
             bringeth
             .
          
        
         
           
           DIet
           is
           defined
           by
           very
           learned
           Scholars
           ,
           an
           exact
           order
           in
           Labour
           ,
           Meat
           ,
           Drink
           ,
           Sleep
           ,
           and
           Venery
           .
           For
           they
           are
           thought
           to
           be
           Pythagoras
           his
           pentangle
           or
           five
           squar'd
           figure
           ,
           wherein
           (
           as
           Hipocrates
           saith
           of
           mans
           body
           )
           there
           be
           several
           confluences
           and
           concurrences
           ;
           yet
           but
           one
           general
           Sympathy
           through
           all
           Nevertheless
           Labor
           was
           appointed
           for
           most
           to
           invite
           meat
           and
           drink
           :
           they
           to
           draw
           on
           sleep
           ,
           for
           the
           ease
           of
           our
           labours
           :
           and
           all
           four
           ,
           to
           perfit
           generation
           ;
           which
           is
           not
           onely
           essendi
           
           
             sed
             semper
             essendi
             causa
             ;
             not
             onely
             the
             cause
             of
             being
             but
             of
             ever
             being
             :
          
           for
           indeed
           after
           we
           are
           dead
           in
           our selves
           ,
           we
           recover
           in
           our
           posterity
           another
           life
           .
           But
           in
           this
           Treatise
           I
           define
           
           Diet
           more
           particularly
           (
           as
           it
           is
           usually
           taken
           both
           by
           the
           vulgar
           and
           also
           the
           best
           Physitians
           )
           to
           be
           an
           orderly
           and
           due
           course
           observed
           in
           the
           use
           of
           bodily
           nourishments
           ,
           for
           the
           preservation
           recovery
           or
           continuance
           of
           the
           health
           of
           mankind
           .
           Which
           how
           and
           when
           it
           was
           first
           invented
           and
           by
           whom
           
           collected
           ,
           neither
           Cardan
           ,
           nor
           Scaliger
           ,
           nor
           Virgil
           ,
           nor
           Montuus
           ,
           nor
           Biesius
           ,
           nor
           
             Jason
             Pratensis
          
           ,
           nor
           Psellus
           ,
           nor
           any
           
           (
           in
           my
           judgement
           )
           have
           more
           truely
           declared
           ,
           then
           Hippocrates
           himself
           ;
           avouching
           that
           Necessity
           was
           the
           mother
           ,
           and
           Reason
           the
           father
           of
           Diet.
           For
           when
           sickness
           crept
           into
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           men
           gave
           the
           same
           meats
           to
           sick
           folks
           which
           they
           did
           to
           the
           healthful
           ,
           they
           perceived
           them
           to
           be
           so
           far
           from
           recovery
           ,
           that
           they
           rather
           wax'd
           worse
           and
           worse
           .
           Hereupon
           being
           enforced
           to
           alter
           either
           the
           kind
           or
           the
           preparation
           ,
           or
           the
           quantity
           ,
           or
           the
           quality
           and
           order
           of
           nourishments
           :
           they
           knew
           by
           diligent
           observation
           what
           was
           fittest
           for
           every
           disease
           ,
           for
           every
           sexe
           ,
           age
           ,
           and
           complexion
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           committed
           them
           to
           memory
           ,
           or
           set
           them
           down
           
           in
           writing
           .
           Plutarch
           thinks
           that
           we
           first
           learned
           this
           knowledg
           of
           brute
           Beasts
           .
           For
           Pigeons
           and
           Cocks
           before
           they
           fight
           ,
           will
           eate
           store
           (
           if
           they
           can
           get
           it
           )
           of
           cummin
           seed
           to
           lengthen
           their
           breath
           :
           and
           Nightingales
           eate
           spiders
           to
           prevent
           stoppings
           ;
           and
           Lions
           having
           surfeited
           on
           flesh
           ,
           abstaine
           from
           all
           meat
           til
           it
           be
           digested
           .
           So
           the
           Marlin
           taught
           tender
           persons
           first
           to
           keep
           warm
           their
           feet
           ,
           the
           Storkes
           to
           remedy
           costiveness
           of
           body
           by
           the
           use
           of
           glisters
           ,
           the
           Hedghog
           to
           avoid
           walking
           in
           windy
           seasons
           ,
           the
           little
           Birds
           to
           bathe
           in
           Summer
           ,
           the
           Flies
           and
           Bees
           to
           keep
           home
           in
           Winter
           .
           For
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           the
           natures
           of
           men
           were
           in
           former
           ages
           so
           strong
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           eate
           and
           digest
           every
           thing
           as
           it
           grew
           .
           Neither
           were
           Mills
           ,
           Boulters
           ,
           Ovens
           ,
           and
           artificial
           preparations
           from
           the
           beginning
           ;
           but
           as
           sickness
           of
           the
           body
           encreased
           ,
           so
           the
           mind
           devised
           remedies
           ,
           teaching
           men
           how
           to
           thrash
           and
           grind
           corne
           ,
           to
           make
           bread
           ,
           to
           boil
           ,
           roast
           ,
           and
           bake
           meat
           ,
           to
           give
           thinne
           and
           liquid
           meats
           to
           weak
           stomacks
           ,
           and
           grosser
           cates
           to
           them
           that
           be
           strong
           ,
           after
           the
           example
           of
           every
           Bird
           ;
           who
           first
           softneth
           and
           boileth
           the
           meat
           in
           their
           mawes
           ,
           before
           they
           give
           it
           to
           their
           young
           ones
           ,
           neither
           should
           we
           marvail
           hereat
           ;
           For
           as
           ignorant
           Sailers
           (
           whose
           errours
           and
           
           imperfections
           no
           man
           could
           perceive
           in
           a
           calm
           sea
           )
           in
           a
           tempest
           do
           follow
           every
           mans
           advise
           :
           So
           the
           examples
           of
           Birds
           and
           Beasts
           did
           teach
           sick
           men
           wisdome
           ,
           when
           through
           self-ignorance
           they
           lost
           the
           light
           of
           nature
           ,
           and
           knew
           not
           what
           was
           good
           for
           themselves
           .
           But
           leave
           we
           Plutarchs
           conceit
           ,
           and
           let
           us
           fetch
           the
           invention
           of
           Diet
           from
           a
           more
           worthy
           teacher
           ,
           yea
           from
           the
           worthiest
           of
           all
           other
           ,
           God
           himself
           .
           For
           can
           we
           imagine
           that
           he
           taught
           our
           forefathers
           (
           having
           sinned
           )
           how
           to
           cloath
           their
           bodies
           ,
           and
           not
           how
           ,
           and
           when
           ,
           
           and
           wherewith
           to
           feed
           them
           ?
           He
           that
           taught
           Abel
           how
           to
           diet
           sheep
           ,
           would
           he
           leave
           him
           unskilful
           how
           to
           diet
           himself
           ?
           or
           had
           Cain
           the
           art
           of
           tilling
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           knowledge
           how
           to
           use
           the
           grain
           thereof
           ?
           Knew
           Physicians
           in
           
           Iacobs
           time
           how
           to
           conserve
           dead
           bodies
           ,
           and
           wanted
           they
           knowledge
           to
           preserve
           the
           living
           ?
           Wherefore
           how
           foolishly
           soever
           some
           ascribe
           the
           invention
           of
           Diet
           to
           
             Apollo
             ,
             Aesculapius
          
           ,
           and
           that
           many-eide
           Osiris
           ,
           or
           to
           
             Hippocrates
             ,
             Galen
          
           ,
           or
           Asclepiades
           :
           yet
           let
           this
           rest
           immoveable
           ,
           that
           it
           springeth
           from
           an
           elder
           time
           ,
           then
           that
           any
           heathenish
           Chronicle
           is
           able
           to
           record
           the
           author
           thereof
           .
           For
           if
           the
           multitude
           of
           
           burials
           be
           an
           argument
           of
           ill
           diet
           ,
           and
           contrariwise
           long
           life
           an
           argument
           of
           good
           ;
           it
           must
           needs
           follow
           ,
           that
           before
           the
           Universal
           Floud
           this
           noble
           knowledge
           of
           diet
           was
           not
           hid
           from
           the
           first
           Patriarcks
           ,
           but
           as
           perfitly
           perceived
           as
           it
           was
           practised
           .
           For
           till
           after
           the
           Floud
           ,
           men
           usually
           lived
           to
           eight
           hundred
           years
           ,
           some
           to
           nine
           ,
           many
           to
           seven
           ,
           and
           none
           (
           for
           
           ought
           we
           have
           heard
           or
           read
           )
           dyed
           a
           natural
           death
           before
           five
           .
        
         
           Now
           if
           any
           man
           shall
           object
           ,
           that
           the
           very
           name
           of
           Diet
           is
           not
           mentioned
           before
           the
           Floud
           ,
           and
           that
           therefore
           the
           thing
           it self
           was
           not
           in
           use
           :
           I
           can
           shape
           him
           no
           better
           answer
           
           then
           from
           the
           mouth
           of
           
             Hippocrates
             :
             Names
             are
             the
             Daughters
             of
             men
             ,
             but
             things
             the
             Sons
             of
             nature
             .
          
           So
           that
           assoon
           as
           men
           began
           to
           feed
           ,
           no
           doubt
           they
           were
           inspired
           with
           wisdome
           
           how
           much
           ,
           how
           often
           ,
           and
           of
           what
           to
           feed
           .
           For
           we
           must
           not
           imagine
           ,
           though
           they
           had
           as
           it
           were
           Ostriches
           stomacks
           ,
           and
           Giants
           strength
           ,
           (
           insomuch
           that
           Lamech
           in
           his
           wound
           could
           crush
           into
           peices
           the
           mightiest
           champion
           of
           our
           age
           )
           that
           therefore
           they
           neglected
           preparation
           or
           proportion
           in
           the
           use
           of
           nourishments
           ;
           nay
           reason
           it self
           will
           conclude
           ,
           that
           as
           one
           shooe
           did
           not
           fit
           every
           mans
           foot
           ,
           nor
           children
           and
           young
           men
           fed
           alike
           in
           those
           dayes
           ,
           so
           every
           man
           knew
           or
           was
           taught
           his
           peculiar
           diet
           ,
           most
           proper
           healthful
           and
           convenient
           for
           his
           owne
           estate
           .
           Wherefore
           as
           many
           disseases
           are
           recovered
           with
           our
           Physicians
           ,
           but
           none
           without
           Physick
           :
           so
           albeit
           there
           lived
           no
           dietary
           Physitians
           before
           the
           Floud
           (
           if
           I
           should
           grant
           so
           much
           )
           yet
           no
           man
           can
           deny
           ,
           that
           through
           feeding
           or
           fasting
           ,
           drinking
           or
           thirsting
           ,
           taking
           this
           thing
           or
           refusingthat
           ,
           they
           preserved
           their
           life-oile
           (
           as
           I
           may
           term
           it
           )
           for
           many
           ages
           ,
           which
           in
           this
           surfeiting
           and
           riotous
           age
           is
           commonly
           consumed
           in
           less
           then
           one
           .
           But
           some
           men
           will
           further
           object
           against
           me
           .
           What
           Sir
           ?
           may
           diet
           prolong
           a
           mans
           life
           ?
           why
           then
           through
           diet
           we
           may
           prove
           immortal
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           least
           live
           as
           long
           as
           Adam
           did
           .
           Whereunto
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           albeit
           immortality
           is
           denied
           upon
           the
           earth
           to
           mortal
           men
           ,
           yet
           so
           much
           life
           is
           prolonged
           by
           a
           good
           diet
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           disseases
           thereby
           are
           eschewed
           .
           For
           as
           Solomon
           saith
           ,
           to
           whom
           is
           pain
           of
           the
           belly
           ,
           and
           gripings
           ,
           
           and
           redness
           of
           eyes
           ,
           and
           want
           of
           health
           ?
           even
           to
           those
           
           that
           keep
           no
           measure
           ,
           but
           greedily
           hunt
           after
           wine
           ,
           and
           rise
           up
           earely
           to
           drink
           strong
           drinke
           .
           Some
           in
           Hippocrates
           time
           ,
           seeing
           
           precise
           observers
           of
           Physick
           to
           dye
           assoon
           as
           they
           which
           used
           no
           physick
           ,
           conceived
           presently
           no
           otherwise
           of
           Physicians
           ,
           them
           as
           of
           Kings
           in
           a
           stage
           play
           ;
           carrying
           golden
           crownes
           ,
           and
           scepters
           ,
           and
           swords
           ,
           commanding
           for
           the
           time
           whole
           Empires
           ,
           but
           indeed
           void
           of
           in-borne
           Majesty
           in
           them selves
           ,
           and
           of
           outward
           abillity
           fit
           for
           so
           high
           a
           caling
           .
           So
           now
           in
           our
           daies
           the
           name
           of
           Diet
           seems
           but
           a
           scare-crow
           
           to
           the
           unwiser
           sort
           ,
           who
           think
           it
           best
           diet
           ,
           to
           keep
           no
           diet
           at
           all
           ,
           saying
           (
           as
           
             Will.
             Sommers
          
           said
           to
           Sir
           
             John
             Rainsford
          
           )
           drink
           Wine
           and
           have
           the
           gout
           ,
           drink
           no
           Wine
           and
           have
           it
           too
           .
           Which
           in
           effect
           what
           is
           it
           else
           ,
           then
           with
           the
           Sicilians
           
           to
           erect
           a
           Temple
           to
           riot
           :
           or
           with
           the
           Barbarians
           to
           praise
           surfeiting
           ?
           or
           with
           Ulisses
           drunken
           companions
           to
           open
           Aeolus
           his
           bottle
           all
           at
           once
           ?
           whereby
           their
           Ship
           was
           so
           far
           from
           proceeding
           ,
           that
           all
           art
           and
           prayers
           ,
           yea
           and
           all
           the
           Gods
           (
           in
           a
           manner
           )
           were
           not
           able
           to
           keep
           it
           above
           the
           waters
           .
           Let
           me
           
           laugh
           (
           said
           Democritus
           )
           at
           mens
           follies
           ,
           who
           diet
           their
           horses
           ,
           sheep
           ,
           cattel
           ,
           yea
           their
           capons
           ,
           and
           geese
           ,
           and
           yet
           themselves
           keep
           no
           diet
           .
           They
           foresee
           by
           porking
           of
           raven
           ,
           flying
           of
           kites
           ,
           croking
           of
           frogs
           ,
           and
           bathing
           of
           ducks
           ,
           when
           it
           will
           raine
           ;
           yet
           surfeiting
           dayly
           they
           cannot
           foresee
           their
           own
           ruine
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           like
           purpose
           singeth
           a
           French
           Poet.
           
        
         
           
             Si
             tu
             veux
             viure
             sainement
          
           
             Aye
             pour
             toy
             tel
             pensement
             :
          
           
             Que
             de
             ton
             cheval
             falcon
             on
             chien
             ,
          
           
             Quand
             autre
             chose
             leur
             vint
             que
             bien
             .
          
        
         
           
             If
             sickness
             thou
             wilt
             long
             award
             ,
          
           
             Have
             of
             thy self
             that
             due
             regard
             ,
          
           
             Which
             to
             their
             falcons
             ,
             Steeds
             ,
             or
             Hounds
          
           
             Men
             bear
             ,
             when
             sickness
             them
             surrounds
             .
          
        
         
           And
           truely
           well
           might
           the
           one
           laugh
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           sing
           at
           such
           follies
           .
           For
           albeit
           an
           exquisire
           thin
           diet
           (
           called
           of
           Ioubertus
           the
           inch-diet
           ,
           wherein
           we
           eat
           by
           drams
           ,
           and
           drink
           
           by
           spoonfuls
           )
           more
           perplexeth
           the
           mind
           then
           cureth
           the
           body
           ,
           engendring
           a
           jealousie
           over
           every
           meat
           ,
           suspition
           on
           every
           quantity
           ,
           dread
           ,
           fear
           ,
           and
           terrour
           over
           every
           proportion
           (
           bereaving
           the
           head
           of
           quietness
           ,
           the
           heart
           of
           security
           ,
           and
           
           the
           stomack
           consequently
           of
           good
           concoction
           )
           yet
           the
           full
           diet
           as
           it
           is
           more
           usual
           ,
           so
           is
           it
           in
           effect
           no
           less
           dangerous
           .
           Would
           you
           see
           the
           discommodities
           of
           excess
           ?
           why
           then
           imagine
           
           you
           saw
           Verres
           rouling
           before
           break
           of
           day
           in
           his
           own
           Vomits
           ,
           Dyonisius
           belching
           up
           a
           soure
           and
           unpleasant
           breath
           ,
           Polyphemus
           stript
           of
           wit
           and
           memory
           ,
           Cleomenes
           King
           of
           Lacedemonia
           playing
           after
           his
           drunkenness
           at
           cherrypit
           with
           Children
           ,
           
             Elpenor
             (
             Ulisses
          
           his
           companion
           )
           breaking
           his
           neck
           downe
           the
           staires
           ,
           Ennius
           racked
           with
           the
           Sciatica
           ▪
           Riglus
           the
           wrestler
           dead
           of
           an
           apoplexie
           ,
           Anacreon
           so
           unable
           to
           swallow
           any
           more
           drink
           that
           he
           was
           strangled
           with
           a
           
           grapes
           kernel
           ,
           
             Vibius
             Crispus
          
           dying
           at
           the
           stool
           ,
           an
           old
           English
           Knight
           dying
           at
           the
           Chamberpot
           .
           On
           the
           otherside
           
           will
           it
           please
           you
           to
           mark
           the
           commodities
           of
           diet
           ,
           and
           moderate
           nourishing
           ?
           Then
           behold
           Timotheus
           ,
           who
           being
           continually
           sick
           through
           dayly
           surfetting
           ,
           came
           once
           to
           Platoes
           Table
           ,
           where
           he
           fed
           (
           as
           the
           company
           did
           )
           and
           drank
           moderately
           .
           The
           next
           morning
           he
           cryed
           out
           with
           this
           admiration
           :
           ▪
           
             O
             sweet
             Plato
             ,
             sweet
             Plato
             ;
             how
             truely
             sweet
             are
             thy
             suppers
             ,
             which
             make
             us
             to
             sleep
             and
             awake
             so
             sweetly
             ?
             How
             able
             am
             I
             now
             to
             all
             exercises
             ,
             being
             erst
             so
             unable
             to
             the
             least
             labour
             ?
          
           No
           marvel
           Timothy
           :
           for
           as
           the
           Sun
           cannot
           warm
           us
           when
           Clouds
           be
           between
           :
           So
           excess
           either
           fetters
           or
           divides
           the
           minds
           ,
           faculties
           .
           How
           careful
           is
           the
           mind
           alwaies
           to
           preserve
           life
           ?
           yet
           many
           a
           drunkard
           sinks
           under
           water
           ,
           because
           reason
           cannot
           teach
           him
           the
           art
           of
           swiming
           ,
           the
           inward
           sences
           being
           choaked
           with
           abundance
           of
           
           clammy
           vapours
           .
           Divine
           Hippocrate
           (
           whom
           I
           can
           never
           sufficiently
           name
           nor
           honour
           )
           compareth
           diet
           most
           fitly
           to
           a
           Potters
           wheele
           ,
           going
           neither
           forward
           nor
           backward
           ,
           but
           (
           as
           the
           world
           it self
           moveth
           )
           equally
           round
           :
           moistning
           that
           which
           is
           too
           dry
           ,
           drying
           up
           that
           which
           is
           too
           moist
           ,
           restoring
           true
           flesh
           if
           it
           be
           decaid
           ,
           abating
           proud
           flesh
           (
           by
           abstinence
           )
           if
           it
           be
           too
           much
           ,
           neither
           drawing
           too
           much
           upward
           nor
           
           downward
           (
           as
           peevish
           Sawyers
           do
           :
           )
           neither
           clapping
           on
           too
           much
           nor
           too
           little
           Sail
           (
           like
           unskilfull
           Mariners
           )
           but
           giving
           (
           like
           a
           wise
           Steward
           )
           every
           part
           his
           allowance
           by
           geometrical
           proportion
           ,
           that
           the
           whole
           household
           and
           family
           may
           be
           kept
           in
           health
           Such
           a
           steward
           was
           Asclepiades
           ,
           who
           cured
           by
           onely
           
           Diet
           infinite
           diseases
           .
           Such
           an
           one
           was
           Galen
           ,
           that
           famous
           Physitian
           ,
           who
           being
           three
           or
           four
           times
           sick
           before
           he
           was
           twenty
           eight
           years
           old
           ,
           looked
           afterwards
           more
           strictly
           to
           his
           diet
           ;
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           a
           hundred
           years
           following
           he
           was
           never
           sick
           but
           once
           ,
           and
           died
           onely
           through
           want
           of
           radical
           moisture
           .
           Such
           an
           one
           finally
           was
           Hippocrates
           ,
           who
           lived
           till
           he
           was
           a
           hundred
           and
           nine
           years
           old
           (
           or
           at
           the
           least
           till
           he
           was
           fourscore
           and
           five
           )
           without
           any
           memorable
           sickness
           ,
           and
           
           yet
           he
           had
           by
           nature
           but
           a
           weak
           head
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           he
           ever
           wore
           a
           night
           cap.
           Wherefore
           let
           us
           neither
           with
           the
           impudent
           ,
           call
           diet
           a
           frivolous
           knowledge
           ,
           or
           a
           curious
           science
           with
           the
           imprudent
           :
           but
           embrace
           it
           as
           the
           leader
           to
           perfit
           health
           ,
           (
           which
           as
           the
           wise
           man
           saith
           )
           is
           above
           gold
           ,
           and
           a
           
           sound
           body
           above
           all
           riches
           .
           The
           Romans
           once
           banished
           Physitians
           out
           of
           Rome
           ,
           under
           pretence
           that
           physick
           druggs
           weakened
           the
           peoples
           stomacks
           :
           and
           Cooks
           ,
           for
           corrupting
           and
           enforcing
           appetites
           with
           strange
           sawces
           and
           seasonings
           :
           and
           Perfumers
           ,
           and
           Anointers
           ,
           and
           Bathe-masters
           ,
           because
           they
           did
           rather
           mollifie
           and
           effeminante
           the
           Romans
           mindes
           ,
           then
           any
           whit
           profit
           or
           help
           their
           bodies
           .
           Yet
           they
           retained
           Cato
           ,
           the
           chief
           dietist
           of
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           all
           them
           that
           were
           able
           (
           without
           physick
           )
           to
           prevent
           or
           cure
           diseases
           :
           esteeming
           diet
           (
           as
           it
           is
           indeed
           )
           to
           be
           so
           honest
           ,
           pleasant
           ,
           and
           profitable
           a
           science
           ,
           that
           even
           malice
           it self
           cannot
           but
           commend
           it
           ,
           and
           her
           enemies
           are
           forced
           to
           retaine
           it
           .
           Thus
           much
           or
           rather
           too
           much
           ,
           in
           the
           commendation
           of
           Diet
           ;
           for
           which
           some
           Spartane
           censor
           would
           severely
           punish
           me
           ,
           as
           Antalaides
           did
           the
           Orator
           that
           prais'd
           Hercules
           ,
           whom
           no
           wiseman
           ever
           discommended
           .
           For
           howsoever
           idle
           heads
           have
           made
           
           these
           addle
           proverbs
           .
           1.
           
           
             Dieted
             bodies
             are
             but
             bridges
             to
             Physicians
             mindes
             .
          
           2.
           
           
             We
             shall
             live
             till
             we
             dye
             in
             despight
             of
             Diet
             .
          
           3.
           
           
             Every
             dissease
             will
             have
             his
             course
             .
          
           4.
           
           
             More
             Rubarb
             and
             less
             Diet
          
           ,
           &c.
           
           Yet
           the
           wisest
           man
           and
           King
           of
           all
           others
           ,
           hath
           established
           it
           upon
           such
           grounds
           ,
           as
           neither
           can
           nor
           shall
           ever
           be
           shaken
           with
           all
           their
           malice
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           II.
           
        
         
           
             1.
             
             How
             many
             sorts
             of
             Diet
             there
             be
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Wherein
             Diet
             consisteth
             materially
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Wherein
             Diet
             consisteth
             formally
             ▪
          
        
         
           
           1.
           
           THere
           be
           especially
           three
           sorts
           of
           Diets
           ;
           a
           full
           Diet
           ,
           a
           moderate
           Diet
           ,
           and
           a
           thin
           Diet.
           The
           first
           increaseth
           flesh
           ,
           spirits
           ,
           and
           humors
           ,
           the
           second
           repaireth
           onely
           them
           that
           were
           lost
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           lesseneth
           them
           all
           for
           a
           time
           ,
           to
           preserve
           life
           .
           Full
           Diet
           is
           proper
           unto
           them
           
           which
           be
           young
           ,
           growing
           ,
           strong
           ,
           lusty
           ,
           and
           able
           through
           their
           good
           constitution
           to
           endure
           much
           exercise
           .
           Moderate
           Diet
           is
           fittest
           for
           persons
           of
           a
           middle
           health
           ,
           whose
           estate
           of
           body
           
           is
           neither
           perfectly
           strong
           nor
           over-weak
           .
           Thin
           Diets
           are
           never
           to
           be
           used
           ,
           especially
           in
           the
           strictest
           kind
           ,
           but
           where
           violent
           diseases
           (
           caused
           either
           of
           fulness
           or
           corruption
           )
           have
           the
           preheminence
           :
           wherein
           how
           much
           the
           body
           wanteth
           sufficient
           food
           ,
           so
           much
           the
           sickness
           wanteth
           his
           tyrannical
           vigour
           .
        
         
           
           2.
           
           
             The
             matter
             of
             Diet
          
           ,
           is
           neither
           iron
           nor
           steel
           ,
           nor
           silver
           ,
           nor
           coral
           ,
           nor
           pearl
           ,
           no
           nor
           gold
           it self
           ;
           from
           which
           worthy
           simples
           ,
           albeit
           most
           rare
           and
           effectual
           sustenances
           be
           drawn
           (
           as
           our
           own
           Countryman
           of
           all
           other
           ,
           most
           learnedly
           
           proveth
           )
           to
           strengthen
           our
           body
           ,
           and
           to
           thicken
           our
           radical
           moisture
           ,
           which
           is
           soon
           consumed
           (
           like
           a
           fine
           spirit
           of
           wine
           )
           when
           it
           is
           too
           thin
           and
           subtile
           :
           yet
           neither
           have
           they
           ,
           neither
           can
           they
           have
           a
           nourishing
           power
           ,
           because
           our
           natural
           heat
           will
           be
           tired
           before
           it
           can
           convert
           their
           oyle
           into
           our
           oyle
           ,
           their
           substance
           into
           our
           substance
           ,
           be
           it
           never
           so
           cunningly
           and
           finely
           exalted
           .
           Furthermore
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           true
           (
           which
           
           Hippocrates
           and
           reason
           telleth
           us
           )
           that
           as
           contraries
           are
           expelled
           by
           contraries
           ,
           so
           like
           is
           sustained
           by
           his
           like
           :
           How
           should
           the
           liquors
           of
           gold
           ,
           pearl
           ,
           and
           precious
           stones
           (
           which
           the
           Chymists
           have
           named
           Immortal
           essences
           )
           nourish
           or
           augment
           
           our
           mortal
           substance
           ?
           Nay
           doth
           not
           that
           soonest
           restore
           decayed
           flesh
           (
           as
           milk
           ,
           gellie
           ,
           strong
           broaths
           ,
           and
           young
           lamb
           ,
           which
           soonest
           corrupteth
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           presently
           eaten
           ?
           Is
           not
           a
           young
           snite
           more
           nourishing
           (
           yet
           it
           keeps
           not
           long
           
           sweet
           )
           then
           a
           peacock
           that
           will
           not
           corrupt
           nor
           putrifie
           in
           a
           whole
           year
           ,
           no
           not
           in
           thirty
           years
           (
           saith
           Kiranides
           )
           though
           it
           be
           buried
           in
           the
           ground
           ?
           yet
           as
           a
           candles
           end
           of
           an
           inch
           long
           being
           set
           in
           cold
           water
           ,
           burneth
           twice
           as
           long
           as
           another
           out
           of
           water
           ;
           not
           because
           water
           nourisheth
           the
           flame
           ,
           which
           by
           nature
           it
           quencheth
           ,
           nor
           because
           it
           encreaseth
           the
           tallow
           ,
           which
           admits
           no
           water
           ,
           but
           by
           moistning
           the
           circumfluent
           aire
           ,
           and
           thickning
           the
           tallow
           ,
           whereby
           the
           flame
           is
           neither
           so
           light
           nor
           lively
           as
           it
           would
           be
           otherwise
           :
           in
           like
           sort
           ,
           the
           substances
           ,
           powders
           ,
           and
           liquors
           of
           the
           things
           aforesaid
           ,
           may
           perhaps
           hinder
           the
           speedy
           spending
           of
           natural
           heat
           ,
           by
           outward
           cooling
           of
           fiery
           spirits
           ,
           inward
           thickning
           of
           too
           liquid
           moistures
           ,
           hardning
           or
           condensating
           of
           flaggy
           parts
           ;
           but
           their
           durableness
           and
           immortality
           (
           if
           they
           be
           immortal
           )
           are
           sufficient
           proofs
           that
           they
           are
           no
           nourishments
           for
           corruptible
           men
           .
           
             But
             they
             are
             pure
             essences
             ,
             
             and
             therefore
             suitable
             to
             our
             radical
             moisture
             ,
             which
             the
             best
             Physicians
             derive
             from
             a
             starr-like
             substance
             .
          
           Alas
           ,
           pure
           fools
           !
           what
           doe
           you
           vaunt
           and
           brag
           of
           purity
           ,
           when
           
           the
           purest
           things
           do
           least
           nourish
           ?
           for
           had
           not
           the
           aire
           ,
           water
           ,
           and
           earth
           ,
           certain
           impurities
           ,
           how
           should
           men
           ,
           beasts
           ,
           birds
           ,
           fishs
           ,
           and
           plants
           continue
           ?
           for
           the
           finer
           the
           aire
           ,
           the
           less
           it
           nourishes
           ,
           the
           clearer
           the
           water
           ,
           the
           less
           it
           fatneth
           ,
           the
           simpler
           the
           ground
           ,
           the
           less
           it
           succoureth
           :
           yea
           were
           we
           in
           an
           air
           (
           such
           as
           the
           element
           of
           aire
           it self
           is
           defined
           to
           be
           )
           void
           of
           invisible
           seeds
           ,
           and
           those
           impalpable
           substances
           or
           resekens
           that
           are
           sometimes
           descried
           by
           the
           Sun-beams
           ,
           our
           spirits
           should
           find
           no
           more
           sustenance
           by
           it
           ,
           then
           a
           dry
           man
           drink
           in
           an
           empty
           hogshead
           .
           And
           though
           we
           see
           Pikes
           to
           live
           a
           great
           while
           in
           Cisterns
           with
           clear
           water
           alone
           ,
           yet
           were
           that
           water
           so
           pure
           as
           the
           element
           it self
           ,
           they
           would
           clean
           consume
           for
           want
           of
           nourishment
           .
           The
           like
           may
           be
           said
           of
           plants
           growing
           in
           a
           dry
           ,
           crumbling
           ,
           sapless
           and
           unmingled
           earth
           ,
           wherein
           we
           should
           see
           them
           quickly
           so
           far
           from
           sprouting
           ,
           that
           for
           want
           of
           their
           restorrative
           moisture
           they
           would
           come
           ▪
           to
           withering
           .
           Wherefore
           I
           conclude
           ,
           Neither
           Oriental
           stones
           for
           their
           clearness
           ,
           nor
           pearls
           for
           their
           goodliness
           ,
           nor
           coral
           for
           his
           temperating
           of
           bloud
           ,
           nor
           gold
           for
           his
           firmness
           ,
           nor
           liquor
           of
           gold
           for
           his
           purity
           ,
           nor
           the
           quintessences
           of
           them
           all
           for
           their
           immortality
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           counted
           nourishments
           ,
           or
           the
           matters
           of
           Diet.
           Object
           
           not
           the
           Ostrich
           his
           consuming
           of
           stone
           and
           mettals
           ,
           to
           prove
           that
           therefore
           they
           may
           nourish
           man
           ;
           no
           more
           then
           the
           duck
           ,
           nightingale
           ,
           or
           stork
           ,
           to
           prove
           that
           toads
           ,
           adders
           and
           spiders
           are
           nourishing
           meats
           :
           For
           our
           nourishment
           (
           properly
           
           taken
           )
           is
           that
           nature
           or
           substance
           ,
           which
           encreaseth
           or
           fostereth
           our
           body
           ,
           by
           being
           converted
           into
           our
           substance
           .
           Now
           for
           as
           much
           as
           our
           bodies
           (
           like
           the
           bodies
           of
           all
           sensible
           and
           living
           creatures
           else
           )
           consist
           of
           a
           treble
           substance
           ,
           namely
           ,
           
             aerial
             Spirits
             ,
             liquid
             humors
          
           ,
           and
           
             confirmed
             parts
          
           :
           it
           is
           therefore
           necessary
           it
           should
           have
           a
           treble
           nourishment
           answerable
           to
           the
           same
           ;
           which
           Hippocrates
           truly
           affirmeth
           
           to
           be
           
             Air
             ,
             Meat
          
           ,
           and
           Liquors
           .
        
         
           
           
             
             Meat
             is
             a
             more
             gross
             and
             corporeal
             substance
             ,
             taken
             either
             from
             vegetables
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             or
             creatures
             living
             upon
             the
             earth
             ,
             or
             living
             ever
             or
             sometimes
             in
             the
             water
             ,
             whereby
             the
             grosser
             part
             of
             our
             body
             is
             preserved-liquors
             are
             thin
             and
             liquid
             
             nourishment
             ,
             serving
             as
             a
             sled
             to
             convey
             meat
             to
             every
             member
             ,
             and
             converted
             most
             easily
             into
             humors
             .
          
        
         
           Now
           whereas
           Pliny
           nameth
           some
           which
           never
           eat
           meat
           ,
           and
           Apollonius
           and
           Athenaeus
           ,
           other
           which
           never
           drank
           ;
           they
           are
           but
           few
           and
           particular
           persons
           (
           yea
           perhaps
           the
           sons
           of
           Devils
           )
           ▪
           which
           cannot
           overthrow
           the
           general
           rule
           and
           course
           of
           nature
           .
           It
           is
           possible
           to
           God
           (
           as
           the
           Devil
           truly
           objected
           )
           to
           make
           stones
           as
           nourishing
           as
           bread
           ;
           to
           feed
           men
           with
           locusts
           )
           a
           most
           fretting
           ,
           burning
           ,
           and
           scalding
           vermin
           )
           as
           he
           did
           John
           Baptist
           :
           to
           give
           us
           stones
           instead
           of
           bread
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           us
           scorpions
           when
           we
           ask
           eggs
           :
           yet
           usually
           he
           doth
           not
           transgress
           the
           course
           of
           nature
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           as
           by
           his
           bayliff
           ,
           he
           rules
           the
           world
           :
           so
           that
           when
           any
           man
           lived
           without
           meat
           or
           drink
           (
           as
           Moses
           and
           Elias
           did
           forty
           daies
           )
           it
           is
           rather
           to
           be
           counted
           a
           miraculous
           working
           ,
           then
           to
           be
           imputed
           to
           the
           strength
           of
           nature
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           III.
           
        
         
           Of
           AIRE
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             How
             it
             is
             to
             be
             chosen
             .
          
        
         
           1.
           
           AS
           Hippocrates
           said
           of
           Meats
           ,
           
             Like
             Food
             ,
             like
             flesh
          
           :
           so
           may
           I
           justly
           say
           of
           the
           aire
           ,
           
             like
             aire
             ,
             like
             spirits
          
           ;
           for
           hence
           cometh
           it
           that
           in
           pure
           ,
           clear
           ,
           and
           temperate
           aire
           ,
           our
           spirits
           are
           as
           jocund
           ,
           pleasant
           ,
           active
           ,
           and
           ready
           as
           butterflies
           in
           Summer
           ;
           but
           in
           thick
           ,
           dark
           ,
           cloudy
           ,
           and
           unseasonable
           weather
           ,
           they
           are
           dul
           ,
           drowsie
           ,
           idle
           ,
           and
           as
           heavy
           as
           lead
           ,
           working
           neither
           perfectly
           what
           they
           ought
           ,
           nor
           chearfully
           what
           they
           would
           .
           Witty
           Cardan
           supposeth
           
           a
           like
           resemblance
           to
           be
           betwixt
           our
           bodies
           ,
           and
           the
           aire
           ,
           as
           there
           is
           betwixt
           the
           soul
           and
           heaven
           :
           So
           that
           as
           they
           encline
           the
           soul
           ,
           so
           the
           aire
           altereth
           the
           body
           every
           way
           ;
           let
           the
           aire
           be
           cloudy
           ,
           how
           can
           the
           body
           be
           warm
           ?
           Let
           it
           be
           hot
           ,
           how
           can
           that
           be
           cold
           ?
           let
           it
           be
           chilled
           with
           frost
           or
           snow
           ,
           our
           skin
           (
           yea
           our
           inwards
           themselves
           )
           begin
           to
           shiver
           ?
           How
           staggers
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           how
           presently
           finks
           the
           heart
           ,
           at
           the
           smel
           of
           a
           damp
           ,
           or
           the
           insensible
           sense
           of
           deadly
           and
           subtile
           spirits
           ,
           carried
           from
           the
           ugh-trees
           of
           Thasus
           ,
           or
           the
           hole
           of
           a
           Cokatrice
           ,
           or
           the
           breathing
           of
           Aspes
           ,
           or
           the
           dens
           of
           Dragons
           ,
           or
           the
           carcases
           of
           dead
           Serpents
           ,
           wherewith
           the
           aire
           is
           not
           so
           soon
           infected
           ,
           as
           the
           hearts
           and
           brains
           of
           men
           ,
           
           whereunto
           it
           is
           carried
           .
           Galen
           saith
           ,
           That
           the
           inhabitants
           of
           the
           Palestine
           lake
           are
           ever
           sickly
           ,
           their
           cattle
           unsound
           ,
           and
           their
           Countrey
           barren
           ,
           through
           the
           brimstone
           and
           pitchy
           vapor
           ascending
           from
           thence
           over
           all
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           in
           such
           sort
           that
           birds
           flying
           over
           it
           ,
           or
           beasts
           drinking
           of
           it
           ,
           do
           suddenly
           die
           ;
           And
           verily
           no
           bird
           hateth
           that
           Lake
           ,
           nor
           
           the
           Lakes
           of
           
             Avernum
             ,
             Lucrine
          
           ,
           or
           Padua
           ,
           like
           unto
           it
           ;
           no
           frogs
           and
           serpents
           can
           less
           live
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           foxes
           in
           Crete
           ,
           staggs
           in
           Africa
           ,
           hares
           in
           Ithaca
           ,
           and
           fishes
           in
           warm
           water
           ,
           then
           the
           heart
           of
           man
           can
           abide
           impure
           smels
           ,
           or
           live
           long
           in
           health
           with
           infected
           airs
           ;
           which
           if
           they
           do
           not
           alwaies
           corrupt
           men
           ,
           yet
           they
           shew
           their
           force
           ,
           and
           exercise
           their
           power
           over
           cattle
           ,
           hearbs
           ,
           grass
           ,
           corn
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           and
           waters
           ,
           a
           great
           while
           after
           ▪
           poysoning
           us
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           at
           a
           second
           draught
           ,
           
           whilst
           we
           feed
           of
           infected
           things
           ,
           and
           (
           as
           Eclipses
           are
           wont
           to
           do
           )
           spitting
           out
           their
           venom
           when
           they
           are
           almost
           forgotten
           .
           Sicil
           is
           recorded
           to
           be
           seldom
           void
           of
           the
           Plague
           :
           and
           the
           dwellers
           of
           Sardinia
           quitted
           their
           Country
           oftentimes
           for
           the
           same
           cause
           .
           But
           how
           could
           it
           be
           otherwise
           ,
           when
           the
           wind
           blows
           there
           most
           commonly
           out
           of
           Africa
           ,
           the
           mother
           of
           all
           venomous
           and
           filthy
           beasts
           ?
           Is
           not
           
             Middleborough
             ,
             Roterdam
             ,
             Delf
          
           ,
           and
           divers
           other
           Cities
           in
           Zealand
           and
           Holland
           ,
           stinched
           every
           dry
           Autumn
           with
           infinite
           swarms
           of
           dead
           frogs
           ,
           putrifying
           the
           aire
           worse
           then
           carrion
           ?
           Rome
           also
           was
           greatly
           annoyed
           with
           agues
           and
           pestilence
           ,
           till
           by
           Asclepiades
           his
           councel
           their
           common
           sewers
           were
           monthly
           cleansed
           ,
           their
           privy-vaults
           yearly
           emptied
           ,
           and
           their
           soil
           and
           offal
           daily
           carried
           forth
           into
           the
           fields
           ;
           whereby
           receiving
           the
           benefit
           of
           sweet
           aire
           and
           health
           both
           at
           once
           ,
           no
           marvel
           (
           as
           Mr.
           Ajax
           his
           Father
           hath
           well
           noted
           )
           though
           the
           Skavenger
           and
           Gun-farmer
           ,
           
             that
             is
             ,
             Stercutius
          
           and
           Cloacina
           were
           honoured
           as
           Gods.
           And
           verily
           had
           that
           worthy
           Author
           lived
           amongst
           those
           Romans
           ,
           as
           he
           liveth
           in
           this
           unthankful
           and
           wicked
           age
           ,
           wherein
           (
           to
           speak
           with
           
             Hippocrates
             )
             admirantur
             fatui
             ,
             calumniantur
             plerique
             ,
             intelligunt
          
           
           
             pauci
             :
          
           )
           no
           doubt
           ere
           this
           he
           had
           been
           very
           highly
           exalted
           ,
           and
           stood
           in
           some
           solemn
           Capitol
           ,
           betwixt
           Stercutius
           and
           Cloacina
           ,
           as
           King
           Ludd
           doth
           upon
           
           Ludd-Gate
           betwixt
           his
           two
           sons
           :
           For
           I
           assure
           you
           (
           and
           let
           us
           not
           but
           give
           the
           Devil
           his
           right
           )
           he
           hath
           truely
           ,
           plainly
           ,
           and
           perfectly
           set
           
           down
           such
           an
           art
           of
           Privy-making
           ,
           that
           if
           we
           would
           put
           it
           in
           practice
           ,
           many
           a
           house
           should
           be
           thought
           in
           London
           to
           have
           never
           a
           Privy
           ,
           which
           now
           smels
           all
           over
           of
           nothing
           else
           :
           Neither
           is
           the
           aire
           only
           infected
           with
           venemous
           winds
           and
           vapours
           ,
           sinks
           ,
           sewers
           ,
           kennels
           ,
           charnel
           houses
           ,
           moors
           ,
           or
           common
           lestals
           (
           as
           in
           great
           Camps
           and
           Cities
           )
           nor
           only
           with
           privy
           vaults
           ;
           but
           also
           Biesius
           maketh
           mention
           ,
           that
           a
           
           house
           in
           Spain
           seated
           among
           many
           elder
           trees
           (
           wherewithall
           the
           grounds
           were
           headged
           )
           cast
           every
           man
           out
           of
           it
           (
           like
           Sejus
           horse
           )
           either
           dead
           or
           diseased
           ,
           till
           such
           time
           as
           he
           caused
           them
           to
           be
           rooted
           up
           ,
           and
           so
           made
           it
           both
           wholsome
           and
           
           habitable
           to
           the
           dwellers
           .
           Furthermore
           it
           is
           recorded
           ,
           That
           as
           the
           aire
           in
           Cyprus
           cureth
           any
           ulcers
           of
           the
           lungs
           ,
           so
           the
           air
           of
           Sardinia
           makes
           and
           enlargeth
           them
           :
           And
           as
           the
           aire
           of
           Anticyra
           helpeth
           madness
           ,
           so
           contrariwise
           the
           aire
           of
           Thasus
           (
           especially
           in
           a
           hot
           and
           dry
           summer
           )
           brought
           almost
           all
           the
           inhabitants
           into
           a
           lunacy
           ,
           which
           no
           doubt
           hapned
           upon
           these
           causes
           ,
           That
           Cyprus
           aboundeth
           in
           Cypres
           and
           Firr-trees
           ,
           Sardinia
           in
           Alom
           and
           Copper
           Mines
           ,
           Anticyra
           is
           replenished
           with
           true
           Hellebors
           ,
           and
           Thasus
           is
           full
           of
           deadly
           Ughes
           ,
           which
           either
           kill
           a
           man
           ,
           or
           make
           him
           mad
           ,
           when
           the
           savor
           infects
           him
           fully
           ,
           as
           it
           doth
           in
           such
           hot
           and
           dry
           
           Countries
           .
           The
           aire
           may
           be
           also
           infected
           with
           the
           smoak
           of
           Charcole
           newly
           kindled
           ,
           whereof
           
             Quintus
             Catulus
          
           died
           :
           or
           with
           the
           smel
           of
           new
           morter
           ,
           which
           killed
           Jovinianus
           the
           Emperor
           in
           his
           bed
           :
           or
           with
           the
           snuf
           of
           a
           candle
           ,
           wherewith
           many
           have
           been
           strangled
           ;
           or
           with
           the
           aire
           of
           a
           pan
           of
           coles
           throughly
           kindled
           ,
           by
           which
           as
           
             Aemylius
             Victor
          
           studied
           
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Parma
           ,
           he
           suddenly
           fell
           down
           dead
           .
           By
           the
           smell
           of
           a
           snuf
           of
           a
           candle
           ,
           many
           become
           leprous
           ,
           and
           women
           miscarry
           of
           children
           .
           What
           light
           is
           best
           to
           study
           by
           ,
           of
           oyle
           ,
           wax
           ,
           dears
           suet
           ,
           and
           tallows
           ;
           the
           very
           smel
           of
           roses
           cureth
           headach
           ,
           and
           of
           some
           flowres
           drunkenness
           .
           
           The
           smel
           of
           a
           wantlowse
           may
           kil
           a
           child
           in
           the
           mothers
           womb
           :
           the
           very
           smel
           of
           Physick
           cureth
           many
           .
        
         
           
             First
             therefore
             in
             the
             election
             or
             choice
             of
             aire
             ,
             observe
             this
             ,
             that
             it
             be
             pure
             and
             void
             of
             infection
             :
          
           for
           pure
           aire
           is
           to
           the
           heart
           ,
           as
           balm
           to
           the
           sinews
           ,
           yea
           it
           is
           both
           meat
           ,
           drink
           ,
           exercise
           ,
           and
           Physick
           to
           the
           whole
           body
           .
           Meat
           ,
           whilst
           it
           is
           easily
           converted
           into
           spirits
           :
           Drink
           ,
           whilst
           it
           allayeth
           the
           thirst
           of
           the
           lungs
           and
           heart
           ,
           which
           no
           drink
           can
           so
           well
           quench
           ;
           exercise
           ,
           whilst
           it
           moveth
           humors
           immoveable
           otherwise
           of
           their
           own
           nature
           ;
           medicine
           or
           Physick
           ,
           whilst
           it
           helpeth
           to
           thrust
           forth
           excrements
           ,
           which
           would
           else
           harden
           or
           putrifie
           within
           our
           bodies
           ,
           the
           vapors
           whereof
           would
           so
           shake
           the
           bulwark
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           defile
           the
           rivers
           of
           blood
           issuing
           from
           the
           liver
           ,
           that
           we
           should
           not
           live
           long
           in
           health
           ,
           if
           happily
           we
           lived
           at
           all
           .
        
         
           
             Next
             to
             purity
             of
             aire
             ,
             we
             must
             chuse
             that
             also
             which
             is
             temperate
             .
          
           For
           natural
           heat
           is
           not
           preserved
           ,
           saith
           Galen
           ,
           but
           of
           aire
           moderately
           cold
           :
           And
           Aristotle
           saith
           ,
           That
           
           Countries
           and
           Cities
           ,
           and
           houses
           ,
           which
           by
           interposition
           of
           hils
           on
           the
           North
           side
           be
           seldom
           cooled
           ,
           are
           subject
           to
           mortality
           ,
           and
           many
           diseases
           .
           Yet
           must
           it
           not
           be
           so
           hot
           as
           to
           dissolve
           spirits
           ,
           procure
           thirst
           ,
           and
           abundant
           sweat
           ,
           to
           the
           hindring
           of
           urine
           ,
           and
           decaying
           of
           strength
           and
           appetite
           :
           But
           (
           as
           I
           said
           before
           )
           of
           a
           middle
           temper
           ,
           because
           as
           nature
           
           is
           the
           mother
           ,
           so
           mediocrity
           is
           the
           preserver
           of
           every
           thing
           .
           Who
           sees
           not
           a
           dry
           Summer
           peeleth
           ,
           and
           a
           dry
           winter
           riveleth
           the
           skin
           ?
           and
           that
           contrariwise
           ,
           an
           over-moist
           aire
           puffeth
           it
           up
           with
           humors
           ,
           and
           engendreth
           rheumes
           in
           the
           whole
           body
           ?
        
         
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             aire
             is
             best
             which
             is
             most
             seasonable
             :
          
           Namely
           ,
           warm
           and
           moist
           in
           the
           Spring
           ,
           hot
           and
           dry
           in
           Summer
           ,
           cooling
           and
           dry
           in
           Autumn
           ,
           cold
           and
           moist
           in
           Winter
           :
           
           which
           seasons
           falling
           out
           contrarily
           ,
           as
           sometimes
           they
           doe
           (
           especially
           in
           Islands
           )
           infinite
           and
           unavoidable
           diseases
           ensue
           
           thereupon
           .
           For
           if
           the
           spring-aire
           be
           cold
           and
           dry
           through
           abundance
           of
           Northeast
           winds
           ,
           dry
           inflammations
           of
           the
           eys
           ,
           hot
           urines
           ,
           fluxes
           of
           bloud
           by
           nose
           and
           bowels
           ,
           and
           most
           dangerous
           catarrhs
           to
           old
           persons
           ,
           follow
           upon
           it
           .
           If
           Summer
           be
           cold
           and
           dry
           through
           the
           like
           winds
           ,
           look
           for
           all
           kinds
           of
           agues
           ,
           headaches
           ,
           coughs
           ,
           and
           consumptions
           :
           Contrariwise
           if
           it
           be
           too
           hot
           and
           dry
           ,
           suppression
           of
           urine
           ,
           and
           womens
           courses
           ,
           together
           with
           exceeding
           bleeding
           at
           the
           nose
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           .
           If
           Autumn
           be
           full
           of
           Southern
           and
           warm
           blasts
           ,
           the
           next
           Winter
           attend
           all
           rheumatick
           and
           moist
           diseases
           .
           If
           Winter
           on
           the
           contrary
           be
           cold
           and
           dry
           ,
           which
           naturally
           should
           be
           cold
           and
           moist
           ,
           long
           agues
           ,
           humoral
           aches
           ,
           coughs
           and
           plurisies
           are
           to
           be
           expected
           ,
           unless
           the
           next
           Spring
           be
           of
           a
           moist
           disposition
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           consider
           also
           ,
           how
           any
           house
           or
           City
           is
           situated
           ,
           for
           the
           aire
           is
           qualified
           accordingly
           .
           Namely
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           placed
           Southeast
           ,
           South
           ,
           and
           Southwest
           ,
           and
           be
           hindred
           from
           all
           Northern
           blasts
           by
           opposition
           of
           hils
           ,
           they
           have
           neither
           
           sweet
           water
           ,
           nor
           wholsome
           aire
           ;
           but
           there
           women
           are
           subject
           to
           fluxes
           and
           miscarriages
           ,
           children
           to
           convulsions
           and
           shortness
           of
           breath
           ,
           men
           to
           bloudy
           fluxes
           ,
           scourings
           ,
           and
           Hemorrhoids
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           .
           But
           Cities
           ,
           Countries
           ,
           or
           houses
           situated
           clean
           contrary
           ,
           towards
           the
           North-west
           ,
           North
           ,
           and
           North-East
           ,
           and
           defended
           from
           all
           Southern
           gusts
           and
           blasts
           ,
           albeit
           the
           people
           there
           are
           commonly
           more
           strong
           and
           dry
           ,
           yet
           are
           they
           subject
           through
           suppression
           of
           excrements
           ,
           unto
           headaches
           ,
           sharp
           plurisies
           ,
           coughs
           ,
           exulceration
           of
           the
           lungs
           ,
           phlegmatick
           collections
           ,
           rupture
           of
           inward
           veins
           ,
           and
           red
           eyes
           .
           Likewise
           in
           those
           Countries
           ,
           young
           boyes
           are
           subject
           to
           swelling
           of
           the
           codds
           ,
           young
           girls
           to
           the
           navel-rupture
           ;
           men
           to
           the
           diseases
           above
           named
           :
           Women
           to
           want
           and
           scarcity
           of
           their
           natural
           terms
           ,
           to
           hard
           labours
           ,
           ruptures
           and
           convulsions
           ,
           and
           to
           consumptions
           after
           childbearth
           ▪
           Easterly
           Towns
           (
           especially
           inclining
           
           to
           the
           south
           )
           and
           houses
           are
           more
           wholesome
           then
           the
           westerly
           for
           many
           causes
           :
           first
           because
           the
           aire
           is
           there
           more
           temperately
           hot
           and
           cold
           .
           Secondly
           because
           all
           waters
           and
           springs
           running
           that
           way
           ,
           are
           most
           clear
           fragrant
           pleasant
           and
           wholesome
           ,
           resembling
           as
           it
           were
           a
           dainty
           spring
           ;
           and
           verily
           women
           there
           conceive
           quickly
           and
           
           bring
           forth
           easily
           :
           children
           prove
           large
           ,
           well
           coloured
           and
           lively
           :
           men
           healthful
           strong
           and
           able
           to
           any
           exercise
           ,
           But
           Western
           cities
           and
           houses
           ,
           barren
           ,
           clean
           ,
           of
           Eastern
           gusts
           ,
           have
           ever
           both
           troubled
           waters
           and
           unwholesome
           winds
           ,
           which
           mingled
           with
           the
           waters
           obscure
           their
           clearness
           ,
           and
           maketh
           the
           inhabitants
           weak
           ,
           heavy
           ,
           and
           ill
           coloured
           ,
           hoarce-voiced
           ,
           dull
           witted
           ,
           and
           wanting
           (
           as
           if
           they
           were
           entring
           the
           house
           of
           death
           )
           quickness
           and
           vigour
           .
           But
           Avicen
           of
           all
           others
           declares
           this
           most
           at
           large
           ,
           who
           shewing
           the
           boldness
           and
           goodness
           of
           aire
           by
           the
           situation
           ,
           
           describes
           them
           in
           these
           words
           .
           Houses
           having
           their
           chief
           or
           full
           seat
           Eastward
           ,
           are
           very
           wholsome
           for
           three
           causes
           .
           First
           ,
           because
           the
           Sun
           rising
           upon
           them
           ,
           purgeth
           the
           aire
           very
           timely
           ,
           Secondly
           ,
           because
           it
           stayes
           not
           there
           long
           to
           dissolve
           spirits
           ,
           but
           turneth
           westward
           after
           noon
           ,
           Thirdly
           ,
           because
           cold
           winds
           are
           commonly
           as
           ushers
           to
           the
           Sun
           rising
           ,
           by
           which
           all
           corruption
           is
           killed
           ,
           that
           either
           was
           in
           the
           aire
           or
           lay
           on
           the
           ground
           .
           Westerne
           places
           are
           worst
           situated
           :
           First
           ,
           because
           the
           Sun
           bestowes
           not
           his
           maiden
           head
           and
           kingly
           heat
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           a
           hot
           and
           scorching
           flame
           ,
           neither
           attenuating
           nor
           drying
           their
           aire
           ,
           but
           filling
           it
           full
           of
           fogs
           and
           mists
           Whereupon
           it
           falls
           out
           ,
           that
           the
           inhabitants
           are
           much
           troubled
           with
           hoarseness
           ,
           rheumes
           ,
           measils
           ,
           pocks
           ,
           and
           pestilence
           .
           Southern
           seats
           are
           commonly
           subject
           to
           catarhs
           ,
           fluxes
           of
           the
           belly
           ,
           heaviness
           ,
           want
           of
           appetite
           ,
           haemoroids
           ,
           inflamation
           of
           eyes
           ;
           and
           their
           women
           conceive
           hardly
           and
           miscarry
           easily
           ,
           abounding
           in
           menstrual
           and
           mighty
           pollutions
           ,
           their
           old
           
           men
           are
           subject
           to
           palsies
           ,
           trembling
           apoplexies
           and
           all
           humoral
           diseases
           ,
           their
           children
           to
           cramps
           and
           the
           falling
           evil
           :
           their
           young
           men
           to
           continual
           putrified
           agues
           ,
           and
           all
           kind
           of
           rebellious
           fevours
           .
           In
           Nothren
           countryes
           through
           the
           driness
           ,
           coldness
           ,
           and
           sharpness
           of
           the
           wind
           ;
           women
           do
           hardly
           conceive
           ,
           and
           dangerously
           bring
           forth
           :
           or
           if
           they
           be
           well
           delivered
           ,
           yet
           commonly
           through
           want
           of
           milk
           they
           are
           not
           able
           to
           nurse
           their
           children
           .
           Their
           young
           men
           die
           of
           consumptions
           ,
           their
           old
           men
           and
           children
           of
           cruel
           cramps
           .
           They
           which
           dwell
           upon
           the
           tops
           of
           hills
           (
           where
           every
           wind
           blows
           from
           under
           the
           Sun
           )
           are
           for
           the
           most
           part
           sound
           ,
           strong
           ,
           nimble
           ,
           long-lived
           and
           fit
           for
           labour
           .
           Contrariwise
           the
           valley
           people
           (
           so
           seated
           that
           no
           wind
           blows
           upon
           them
           )
           are
           ever
           heavy
           spirited
           ,
           dull
           and
           sickly
           :
           for
           as
           a
           fire
           of
           green
           wood
           dieth
           unles
           the
           flame
           be
           scattered
           with
           continual
           blowing
           ;
           and
           as
           a
           standing
           water
           corrupteth
           in
           a
           little
           space
           :
           so
           an
           idle
           aire
           rouled
           about
           with
           no
           winds
           soon
           putrifieth
           ;
           because
           his
           dissimilar
           parts
           be
           not
           separated
           by
           winowing
           ,
           as
           the
           chaffe
           is
           from
           the
           wheat
           .
           
           But
           the
           best
           situation
           of
           a
           house
           or
           city
           ,
           is
           upon
           the
           slaunt
           of
           a
           southwest
           hill
           (
           like
           to
           this
           of
           Ludlow
           ,
           wherein
           we
           sojourne
           for
           a
           time
           )
           neither
           fully
           barred
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           North
           ,
           and
           Southern
           winds
           ,
           clear
           ,
           and
           free
           from
           the
           mists
           of
           bogs
           and
           fens
           ,
           purified
           from
           the
           stinck
           of
           common
           Sinks
           ,
           Vaults
           and
           Lestals
           ,
           as
           also
           from
           the
           unwholesome
           breathings
           of
           Caves
           ,
           Colepits
           ,
           &
           Copper
           ,
           or
           Brimstone-mines
           :
           not
           so
           cold
           as
           to
           stupifie
           members
           ,
           not
           so
           hot
           as
           to
           burn
           the
           skin
           ,
           not
           so
           moist
           as
           to
           swell
           us
           with
           rheumes
           ,
           nor
           so
           dry
           as
           to
           parch
           up
           our
           natural
           moisture
           :
           not
           to
           much
           nor
           to
           variable
           (
           as
           upon
           the
           top
           of
           hills
           )
           not
           so
           little
           ,
           nor
           too
           standing
           ,
           as
           in
           low
           Vallies
           :
           neither
           smelling
           of
           nothing
           ,
           as
           in
           barren
           Countries
           ,
           nor
           smelling
           of
           bad
           things
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           Fens
           :
           but
           fragrant
           without
           a
           discerning
           of
           smell
           ,
           and
           sweetest
           of
           all
           in
           an
           unknown
           sweetness
           For
           howsoever
           
           some
           men
           dream
           ,
           that
           the
           smell
           of
           the
           spice-trees
           in
           
             Arabia
             felix
          
           make
           the
           neighbour
           inhabitants
           both
           healthfull
           of
           body
           and
           sound
           of
           mind
           (
           which
           I
           will
           not
           deny
           ,
           if
           you
           compare
           them
           with
           the
           borderers
           of
           the
           Palestine
           lake
           .
           )
           Nevertheless
           as
           Tully
           saith
           of
           women
           ,
           
             They
             smell
             best
             which
             smell
             of
             nothing
          
           ;
           so
           verily
           the
           aire
           that
           smells
           of
           nothing
           is
           best
           to
           nourish
           us
           in
           health
           ,
           though
           otherwise
           in
           some
           sickness
           a
           perfumed
           aire
           is
           best
           ,
           and
           also
           to
           expel
           a
           loathsome
           stinck
           ,
           or
           (
           like
           to
           the
           neighing
           of
           Apolloes
           horses
           )
           to
           rouse
           up
           dull
           and
           sleepy
           senses
           .
           In
           which
           respect
           I
           am
           of
           Aristotles
           opinion
           ,
           that
           sweet
           smels
           were
           appointed
           to
           be
           in
           flowers
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           barks
           ,
           roots
           ,
           fields
           ,
           and
           meddowes
           ,
           not
           onely
           for
           delight
           ,
           but
           also
           for
           medicin
           .
           Nevertheless
           as
           the
           tastles
           water
           makes
           the
           best
           broath
           ,
           so
           the
           smelling
           aire
           gives
           the
           purest
           (
           I
           will
           not
           say
           the
           strongest
           )
           nourishment
           to
           our
           spirits
           .
           In
           Plutarchs
           time
           men
           were
           grown
           to
           this
           wantoness
           ,
           that
           every
           morning
           and
           night
           they
           perfumed
           not
           only
           their
           apparrel
           and
           gloves
           ,
           but
           also
           their
           bodies
           with
           sweet
           ointments
           ,
           made
           of
           most
           costly
           spices
           :
           buying
           with
           great
           charges
           ,
           what
           shall
           I
           say
           ?
           an
           idle
           ,
           a
           needless
           ,
           a
           womanly
           pleasure
           ?
           nay
           verily
           an
           unnatural
           and
           more
           then
           bruitish
           .
           For
           every
           beast
           loveth
           his
           own
           mate
           only
           for
           her
           own
           smel
           (
           whatsoever
           it
           be
           )
           but
           some
           men
           love
           not
           their
           meat
           ,
           nor
           drink
           ,
           nor
           the
           aire
           ,
           nor
           their
           wifes
           ,
           nor
           themselves
           ,
           unless
           they
           smel
           ,
           or
           rather
           stinck
           of
           sweet
           costly
           and
           forreine
           fumes
           :
           which
           being
           taken
           without
           cause
           ,
           do
           the
           head
           more
           hurt
           then
           being
           taken
           upon
           cause
           they
           do
           it
           good
           .
           Wherefore
           if
           thy
           brain
           be
           temperate
           ,
           and
           not
           too
           moist
           ,
           cold
           ,
           or
           dull
           ,
           eschew
           a
           strong
           smelling
           aire
           (
           such
           as
           comes
           from
           walflowers
           ,
           stock-gillyflowers
           ,
           pincks
           ,
           roses
           ,
           Hiacynths
           ,
           mead
           sweet
           ,
           hony
           suckles
           ,
           jasimin
           ,
           Narcissus
           ,
           musk
           ,
           amber
           civet
           ,
           and
           such
           like
           )
           contenting
           thy self
           with
           the
           simplest
           aire
           ,
           which
           for
           sound
           complexions
           is
           simply
           best
           .
           Or
           if
           for
           recreation
           and
           pleasuresake
           thou
           desirest
           it
           
           some
           time
           ,
           let
           it
           not
           be
           of
           a
           full
           or
           strong
           sent
           :
           but
           mingled
           with
           sweet
           and
           soure
           (
           as
           violets
           with
           Time
           )
           and
           breathing
           rather
           a
           sharpe
           then
           a
           fulsome
           sweetness
           .
           And
           thus
           much
           of
           the
           choice
           of
           aires
           ;
           now
           come
           we
           to
           the
           preparation
           and
           use
           of
           them
           .
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           IIII.
           
        
         
           OF
           AIRE
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             How
             it
             is
             to
             be
             prepared
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             How
             it
             is
             to
             be
             used
             .
          
        
         
           
           SAtyrus
           (
           that
           Goat-bearded
           God
           )
           the
           first
           time
           that
           ever
           he
           saw
           fire
           ,
           would
           needs
           kiss
           it
           and
           embrace
           it
           in
           his
           armes
           ,
           notwithstanding
           that
           Prometheus
           forewarn'd
           him
           of
           coming
           too
           nigh
           :
           for
           he
           knew
           well
           enough
           the
           nature
           of
           fire
           to
           be
           such
           ,
           that
           as
           in
           certain
           distances
           ,
           times
           ,
           and
           quantities
           it
           may
           be
           well
           endured
           ,
           so
           in
           others
           it
           is
           harmful
           and
           exceeding
           dangerous
           .
           The
           like
           may
           I
           say
           of
           heat
           ,
           cold
           ,
           moisture
           ,
           and
           driness
           of
           the
           aire
           :
           which
           in
           the
           first
           or
           second
           step
           towards
           them
           may
           and
           do
           preserve
           life
           ,
           but
           the
           nearer
           you
           come
           to
           their
           extremities
           ,
           the
           nearer
           are
           you
           to
           death
           :
           So
           that
           either
           you
           will
           be
           burnt
           with
           Satyrus
           ,
           or
           frozen
           to
           death
           with
           Philostratus
           ,
           or
           dryed
           up
           for
           lack
           of
           moisture
           with
           Darius
           Souldiers
           when
           they
           could
           get
           no
           water
           ,
           or
           dye
           as
           the
           inhabitants
           of
           the
           lakes
           in
           Egypt
           do
           with
           too
           much
           moisture
           .
           Wherefore
           let
           every
           one
           consider
           his
           owne
           strength
           and
           constitution
           of
           body
           ;
           for
           some
           like
           to
           new
           wax
           ,
           are
           dissolved
           with
           the
           least
           heat
           ,
           and
           frozen
           with
           the
           least
           cold
           :
           others
           with
           
           Salamanders
           think
           nothing
           hot
           enough
           ,
           others
           like
           to
           silk
           worms
           can
           abide
           no
           cold
           ;
           others
           with
           Smiths
           and
           Woodcocks
           can
           abide
           those
           frosts
           which
           even
           the
           fishes
           themselves
           can
           hardly
           tolerate
           .
           So
           likewise
           dry
           constitutions
           laugh
           and
           sing
           with
           the
           Thrush
           when
           rain
           approacheth
           :
           when
           others
           of
           the
           contrary
           complexion
           do
           mourn
           and
           lament
           with
           the
           Plouver
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           so
           wet
           .
           Which
           being
           so
           ,
           I
           shall
           no
           doubt
           deserve
           well
           of
           every
           man
           in
           teaching
           him
           so
           to
           prepare
           the
           aire
           ,
           that
           sometimes
           abroad
           ,
           but
           alwayes
           at
           home
           it
           may
           be
           tempered
           (
           according
           as
           he
           most
           needeth
           )
           and
           purified
           from
           all
           infection
           .
           Concerning
           the
           tempering
           of
           aire
           in
           our
           houses
           :
           is
           it
           too
           hot
           and
           dry
           ?
           then
           coul
           it
           by
           sprinkling
           of
           Vinegar
           and
           Rose
           water
           ,
           by
           strewing
           the
           floure
           with
           green
           flags
           ,
           rushes
           ,
           newly
           gathered
           ,
           reed
           leaves
           ,
           water-lilly
           leaves
           ,
           violet
           leaves
           and
           such
           like
           ;
           stick
           also
           fresh
           boughes
           of
           willow
           ,
           sallow
           ,
           poplar
           ,
           and
           ashe
           (
           for
           they
           are
           the
           best
           of
           all
           )
           in
           every
           corner
           .
           Is
           it
           too
           cold
           and
           moist
           ?
           amend
           it
           by
           fires
           of
           clear
           and
           dry
           wood
           ;
           and
           strew
           the
           room
           and
           windows
           with
           herbs
           of
           a
           strong
           smell
           ,
           as
           mints
           ,
           penniroial
           cammomil
           ,
           balm
           ,
           nep
           ,
           rue
           ,
           rosemary
           and
           sage
           .
           Is
           it
           too
           thick
           and
           misty
           ?
           then
           
           attenuate
           and
           clear
           it
           in
           your
           chamber
           first
           by
           burning
           of
           pine-rosin
           (
           as
           the
           Egyptians
           were
           wont
           to
           do
           )
           then
           presently
           by
           burning
           in
           a
           hot
           fire-shovel
           some
           strong
           white-wine
           vinegar
           .
           But
           their
           chiefest
           perfume
           of
           all
           other
           called
           
             Kuphi
             :
             The
             great
             temper
          
           ,
           was
           made
           of
           sixteen
           simples
           :
           namely
           ,
           wine
           ,
           hony
           ,
           raisins
           of
           the
           sun
           ,
           cipres
           ,
           pine-rosin
           ,
           mirrhe
           ,
           the
           sweet
           rush
           ,
           calamus
           aromaticus
           ,
           spike-nard
           ,
           cinamon
           ,
           berries
           of
           the
           great
           and
           little
           juniper
           ,
           lignumaloes
           ,
           saffron
           ,
           figtree
           buds
           ,
           and
           cardamoms
           :
           to
           which
           composition
           
           in
           Galens
           time
           Democrates
           added
           Bdellium
           and
           the
           seed
           of
           
             agnus
             castus
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Physicians
           in
           Plutarchs
           time
           the
           roots
           of
           Calamint
           .
           It
           were
           needless
           to
           write
           how
           wonderfully
           Apollo
           ,
           I
           mean
           our
           new
           
             Apollo
             Francis
             Alexander
          
           
           
           of
           Vercelles
           (
           for
           so
           like
           a
           proud
           Italian
           he
           calleth
           his
           owne
           work
           )
           commend
           the
           same
           in
           his
           third
           beam
           ;
           or
           how
           Plutarch
           
           and
           Avicen
           extol
           it
           above
           all
           others
           ,
           in
           that
           it
           not
           onely
           bringeth
           any
           aire
           to
           a
           good
           temper
           ;
           but
           also
           cleanseth
           the
           same
           of
           unclean
           spirits
           ,
           openeth
           it
           when
           it
           is
           clowdy
           ,
           attenuateth
           it
           when
           it
           is
           too
           thick
           ,
           refineth
           it
           when
           it
           is
           full
           of
           dreggy
           mixtures
           ,
           and
           consequently
           dispelleth
           melancholy
           from
           the
           head
           ,
           fear
           and
           ill
           vapours
           from
           the
           heart
           ,
           procuring
           natural
           and
           quiet
           sleep
           ,
           and
           therefore
           not
           unworthily
           consecrated
           to
           the
           Gods.
           Now
           as
           the
           Egyptians
           burnt
           rosin
           in
           the
           morning
           ,
           and
           their
           Kuphi
           towards
           noon
           ,
           so
           albeit
           the
           sun
           set
           ,
           when
           many
           heavy
           vapours
           lye
           in
           the
           aire
           ,
           the
           Ancients
           were
           not
           to
           burn
           mirrhe
           and
           juniper
           :
           which
           disperse
           those
           heavy
           vapours
           ,
           leaving
           in
           the
           house
           a
           rectified
           aire
           ,
           quickning
           the
           senses
           ,
           and
           correcting
           those
           melancholick
           fumes
           that
           pervert
           judgement
           .
           Wherefore
           the
           Egyptians
           call
           mirrhe
           ,
           Bal
           ,
           and
           Juniper
           Dolech
           the
           purifiers
           of
           the
           aire
           ,
           and
           curers
           of
           madness
           .
           Whereat
           let
           no
           man
           wonder
           ,
           sith
           the
           very
           noise
           of
           bells
           ,
           guns
           ,
           and
           Trumpets
           ,
           breaketh
           the
           clouds
           ,
           and
           cleanseth
           the
           aire
           :
           yea
           Musick
           it self
           ,
           cureth
           the
           brain
           of
           madness
           ,
           and
           the
           heart
           of
           melancholy
           ,
           as
           many
           learned
           and
           credible
           Authors
           have
           affirmed
           .
           Much
           more
           then
           may
           it
           be
           tempered
           ,
           and
           altered
           to
           the
           good
           or
           hurt
           of
           our
           inward
           parts
           by
           smells
           and
           perfumes
           ,
           whereby
           not
           onely
           a
           meer
           aire
           (
           as
           in
           Sounds
           )
           is
           carried
           to
           the
           inward
           parts
           ,
           but
           also
           invisible
           seeds
           and
           substances
           qualified
           with
           variety
           of
           divers
           things
           .
           For
           who
           knoweth
           not
           that
           the
           smell
           of
           Opium
           bringeth
           on
           sleep
           ,
           drowsiness
           ,
           and
           sinking
           of
           the
           spirits
           ?
           contrariwise
           the
           the
           smell
           of
           Wine
           ,
           and
           strong
           vinegar
           out
           of
           a
           narrow
           mouth'd
           glass
           ,
           awaketh
           the
           heaviest
           headied
           man
           ,
           if
           possibly
           he
           can
           be
           awaked
           .
           Furthermore
           because
           stincking
           smells
           (
           unless
           one
           by
           little
           and
           little
           be
           accustomed
           to
           them
           ,
           as
           our
           dungfarmers
           ,
           and
           kennel
           rakers
           are
           in
           London
           ;
           
           and
           as
           a
           wench
           did
           eat
           Napellus
           ,
           a
           most
           cruel
           poyson
           ,
           ordinarily
           as
           a
           meat
           )
           are
           both
           noysom
           to
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           hurtful
           to
           the
           lungs
           ,
           heart
           ,
           and
           stomack
           ;
           in
           such
           sort
           ,
           that
           they
           which
           live
           in
           a
           stinking
           house
           ,
           are
           seldom
           healthy
           :
           It
           shall
           be
           good
           ,
           where
           the
           cause
           cannot
           wholly
           be
           removed
           ,
           to
           correct
           the
           accident
           in
           this
           sort
           ,
           with
           sweet
           waters
           ,
           sweet
           perfumes
           ,
           sweet
           pomanders
           ,
           and
           smelling
           unto
           sweet
           fragrant
           things
           .
        
         
           Isabella
           Cortesa
           ,
           
             that
             dainty
             Lady
             of
          
           Italy
           ,
           
             comb'd
             her
             hair
             ,
             and
             sprinkled
             her
             gown
             every
             morning
             with
          
           
           
             this
             sweet
             water
             following
             ,
             whereby
             the
             aire
             circumfluent
             was
             so
             perfumed
             ,
             that
             wheresoever
             she
             stood
             ,
             no
             stinch
             could
             be
             discerned
             .
          
           Take
           of
           Orenge
           flower
           water
           ,
           water
           of
           Violets
           ,
           water
           of
           the
           musk-geranium
           ,
           and
           the
           musk
           rose
           ,
           water
           of
           red
           and
           damask
           roses
           ,
           of
           each
           a
           pint
           ;
           powder
           of
           excellent
           sweet
           orris
           ,
           two
           ownces
           ;
           powder
           of
           Storax
           Calamite
           ,
           Benjoine
           ,
           and
           Indian
           wood
           of
           roses
           ,
           of
           each
           half
           an
           ounce
           ;
           Civet
           a
           dram
           and
           a
           half
           .
           Mingle
           all
           together
           ,
           and
           let
           them
           stand
           in
           Balneo
           three
           daies
           .
           Then
           after
           the
           water
           is
           throughly
           cold
           ,
           filtre
           it
           out
           with
           a
           fine
           filtre
           ,
           and
           keep
           it
           to
           your
           use
           in
           a
           glass
           very
           close
           stopt
           .
        
         
           Marinellus
           
             maketh
             another
             not
             much
             inferior
             unto
             this
             ,
             whereof
             this
             is
             the
             description
             .
          
           Take
           a
           pottle
           of
           damask-rose-water
           ,
           Benjoin
           ,
           Storax
           calamite
           ,
           cloves
           ,
           and
           wood
           of
           Aloes
           ,
           of
           each
           a●
           ounce
           ;
           ambre-grice
           and
           civet
           of
           each
           a
           scruple
           :
           boil
           them
           together
           in
           Balneo
           in
           a
           glass
           very
           well
           stopt
           ,
           for
           24
           hours
           space
           ;
           filtre
           it
           out
           when
           it
           is
           cold
           ,
           and
           having
           hang'd
           fifteen
           grains
           of
           musk
           in
           it
           tied
           in
           a
           close
           cloth
           ,
           set
           it
           five
           daies
           in
           the
           sun
           ,
           and
           keep
           it
           to
           your
           use
           .
        
         
           
             These
             waters
             are
             costly
             ,
             but
             verily
             exceeding
             good
             ;
             nevertheless
             sith
             men
             of
             mean
             fortune
             are
             likewise
             to
             be
             preserved
             ,
             I
             appoint
             for
             them
             these
             perfumed
             cakes
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             poorer
             sort
             ,
             a
             less
             costly
             perfume
             .
          
           Take
           of
           Benjoin
           
           six
           drams
           ,
           wood
           of
           aloes
           four
           drams
           ,
           storax
           calamite
           four
           drams
           ,
           sweet
           orris
           two
           drams
           ,
           musk
           a
           scruple
           ,
           white
           sugar
           candy
           three
           ounces
           ,
           beat
           them
           into
           fine
           powder
           ,
           and
           with
           red-rose
           water
           ,
           work
           them
           into
           a
           stiff
           paste
           ,
           whereon
           make
           a
           sort
           of
           little
           cakes
           no
           bigger
           nor
           thicker
           then
           a
           threepence
           ;
           dry
           them
           in
           a
           cold
           shadowy
           place
           ,
           and
           then
           put
           them
           up
           very
           close
           into
           a
           glass
           ,
           and
           take
           out
           one
           or
           two
           ,
           or
           as
           many
           as
           you
           please
           ,
           and
           burn
           them
           upon
           quick
           coles
           .
           
             The
             poorer
             sort
             may
             make
             them
             fire-cloves
             ,
             far
             better
             then
             you
             shall
             find
             any
             at
             the
             Apothecaries
             ,
             after
             this
             Receit
             .
          
           Take
           of
           good
           Olbanum
           halfe
           a
           pound
           ,
           Storax
           Calamite
           an
           ounce
           and
           a
           halfe
           ,
           Ladanum
           halfe
           an
           ounce
           ,
           coles
           of
           Iuniper
           wood
           2
           drams
           ,
           make
           all
           into
           fine
           powder
           ,
           and
           then
           with
           2
           drams
           of
           gum
           Tragacanth
           mingled
           with
           rose
           water
           ,
           and
           macerated
           three
           daies
           together
           ,
           and
           an
           ounce
           of
           Storax
           liquida
           ,
           form
           the
           paste
           like
           great
           cloves
           ,
           or
           sugar-loves
           ,
           or
           birds
           ,
           or
           in
           what
           form
           you
           list
           ,
           and
           dry
           them
           in
           an
           oven
           when
           the
           bread
           hath
           been
           drawn
           ;
           kindle
           one
           of
           these
           at
           the
           top
           ,
           and
           set
           it
           in
           any
           room
           ,
           and
           it
           will
           make
           it
           exceeding
           sweet
           .
        
         
           But
           forasmuch
           as
           no
           aire
           is
           so
           dangerous
           as
           that
           which
           is
           infected
           with
           pestilent
           influences
           ,
           let
           us
           consider
           how
           ,
           and
           in
           what
           sort
           that
           of
           all
           other
           is
           to
           be
           corrected
           .
           Hippocrates
           (
           for
           ought
           we
           read
           of
           )
           when
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           of
           Athens
           were
           grievously
           surprised
           of
           the
           Plague
           ,
           used
           no
           other
           remedies
           to
           cure
           or
           preserve
           the
           rest
           ,
           then
           by
           making
           of
           great
           fires
           in
           each
           street
           ,
           and
           in
           every
           house
           ,
           especially
           in
           the
           night
           time
           ,
           to
           purifie
           the
           aire
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Citizens
           or
           Athens
           being
           delivered
           from
           so
           dangerous
           an
           enemy
           ,
           erected
           to
           Hippocrates
           an
           
           Image
           of
           beaten
           Gold
           ,
           and
           honoured
           him
           alive
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           a
           God.
           And
           verily
           ,
           as
           running
           water
           ,
           like
           a
           broome
           ,
           cleanseth
           the
           earth
           ,
           so
           fire
           like
           a
           Lion
           ,
           eateth
           up
           the
           pollutions
           of
           the
           aire
           ,
           no
           less
           then
           it
           consumeth
           
           the
           drossie
           mettals
           .
           So
           that
           cleanliness
           and
           good
           fires
           ▪
           cannot
           but
           either
           extinguish
           or
           lessen
           any
           infection
           :
           whereunto
           if
           we
           also
           add
           the
           use
           of
           other
           outward
           correctors
           and
           perfumers
           of
           the
           aire
           ,
           no
           doubt
           it
           will
           be
           much
           ,
           if
           not
           wholly
           amended
           .
           The
           Pestilence
           (
           as
           I
           have
           noted
           
           to
           my
           grief
           in
           mine
           own
           house
           )
           taketh
           some
           first
           with
           a
           great
           chilness
           and
           shaking
           ,
           others
           with
           a
           hot
           sweat
           and
           often
           fainting
           :
           In
           some
           place
           it
           raineth
           most
           in
           Winter
           ,
           others
           it
           never
           annoyeth
           but
           in
           Summer
           .
           The
           first
           sort
           are
           to
           correct
           the
           air
           about
           them
           with
           good
           fires
           ,
           and
           burning
           of
           Lignum
           Aloes
           ,
           Ebony
           ,
           Cinamon
           bark
           ,
           Sassaphras
           ,
           and
           Juniper
           ,
           which
           (
           as
           Matthiolus
           recordeth
           
           in
           his
           Herbal
           )
           retaineth
           his
           sent
           and
           substance
           a
           hundred
           years
           .
           Burn
           also
           the
           pils
           of
           Oringes
           ,
           Citrons
           ,
           and
           Lemons
           ,
           and
           Myrrh
           and
           Rosen
           ;
           and
           the
           poorer
           sort
           may
           perfume
           their
           chambers
           with
           Baies
           ,
           Rosemary
           ,
           and
           Broom
           it self
           .
           Make
           also
           a
           vaporous
           perfume
           in
           this
           sort
           ;
           Take
           of
           Mastick
           and
           Frankincense
           ,
           of
           each
           an
           ounce
           ,
           Citron
           pils
           ,
           Calamint
           roots
           ,
           Herb-grass
           dried
           ,
           and
           Cloves
           ,
           of
           each
           three
           drams
           ;
           make
           all
           into
           a
           gross
           powder
           ,
           and
           boil
           it
           gently
           in
           a
           perfuming
           pot
           with
           spike-water
           and
           white
           wine
           .
           The
           second
           sort
           (
           I
           mean
           such
           as
           are
           sick
           of
           the
           Plague
           in
           Summer
           ,
           or
           are
           the
           first
           taken
           with
           a
           dissolving
           heat
           )
           should
           rather
           burn
           sweet
           Cipres
           ,
           Lignum
           Rhodium
           ,
           Sanders
           ,
           sprigs
           of
           Tamarisk
           ,
           Gum
           tragacanth
           ,
           Elemi
           ,
           Cherri-tree
           gum
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           Camphire
           .
           Likewise
           their
           vaporing
           perfumes
           should
           be
           of
           red-rose-leaves
           ,
           Lignum
           Rhodium
           ,
           and
           Sanders
           ,
           with
           rose-water
           and
           Vinegar
           boil'd
           together
           .
           So
           that
           according
           to
           the
           kind
           of
           taking
           ,
           and
           the
           season
           of
           the
           year
           ,
           is
           the
           air
           to
           be
           corrected
           in
           the
           time
           of
           pestilence
           ,
           and
           not
           alike
           at
           all
           times
           with
           one
           perfume
           ,
           which
           Marsilius
           
           Ficinus
           so
           diligently
           observeth
           ,
           that
           he
           blameth
           many
           Physicians
           for
           their
           general
           preferring
           of
           this
           or
           
           that
           masticatory
           :
           some
           extolling
           the
           chewing
           of
           sage
           as
           one
           goes
           abroad
           ,
           others
           the
           chewing
           of
           Setwall
           roots
           ,
           others
           of
           Elecampana
           ,
           Cloves
           ,
           Angelica
           ,
           or
           Citron
           pils
           ;
           which
           indeed
           are
           best
           in
           a
           cold
           season
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           hot
           time
           of
           the
           year
           and
           a
           hot
           Plague
           ,
           the
           chewing
           of
           Coriander
           seeds
           prepared
           ,
           grains
           ,
           Sanders
           ,
           and
           the
           pulpe
           of
           Oringes
           ,
           Lemons
           ,
           Citrons
           ,
           or
           Pearmains
           ,
           is
           far
           to
           be
           preferred
           before
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           like
           may
           be
           said
           of
           sweet
           Pomanders
           strong
           of
           musk
           ,
           civet
           ,
           ambre
           ,
           and
           storax
           ;
           which
           are
           no
           doubt
           good
           correctors
           of
           the
           pestilent
           aire
           ;
           but
           yet
           in
           hot
           seasons
           and
           pestilences
           ,
           nothing
           so
           good
           as
           the
           smel
           of
           a
           Lemon
           stickt
           with
           lignum
           Rhodium
           instead
           of
           cloves
           ,
           and
           inwardly
           stuffed
           with
           a
           sponge
           throughly
           soaked
           in
           vinegar
           of
           red-roses
           and
           violets
           .
        
         
           But
           here
           a
           great
           question
           ariseth
           ,
           whether
           sweet
           smels
           correct
           the
           pestilent
           aire
           ,
           or
           rather
           be
           as
           a
           guide
           to
           bring
           it
           the
           sooner
           into
           our
           hearts
           ?
           To
           determin
           which
           question
           ,
           I
           call
           all
           the
           dwellers
           in
           Bucklers
           berry
           in
           London
           to
           give
           their
           sentence
           :
           which
           only
           street
           (
           by
           reason
           that
           it
           is
           wholly
           replenished
           with
           Physick
           ,
           Drugs
           ,
           and
           Spicery
           ,
           and
           was
           daily
           perfumed
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           plague
           with
           pounding
           of
           Spices
           ,
           melting
           of
           gums
           ,
           and
           making
           perfumes
           for
           others
           )
           escaped
           that
           great
           plague
           brought
           from
           Newhaven
           ,
           whereof
           there
           died
           so
           many
           ,
           that
           scarce
           any
           house
           was
           left
           unvisited
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             variety
             and
             change
             of
             Aire
             .
          
           
             Hitherto
             of
             the
             correcting
             and
             tempering
             of
             distempered
             and
             infected
             aire
             ;
             which
             being
             clean
             and
             purified
             ,
             may
             yet
             through
             ignorance
             of
             wilfulness
             be
             abused
             :
             For
             as
             Satyrus
             would
             needs
             kiss
             the
             glowing
             cole
             ,
             and
             children
             delight
             to
             put
             their
             fingers
             in
             the
             candle
             ,
             so
             some
             know
             not
             how
             to
             use
             this
             general
             nourishment
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             given
             (
             as
             all
             other
             nourisments
             be
             )
             unto
             one
             particular
             
             man
             or
             Country
             ,
             but
             equally
             and
             universally
             unto
             all
             .
             Now
             there
             be
             two
             sorts
             of
             aire
             ,
             as
             every
             man
             knoweth
             ;
             the
             one
             open
             and
             wide
             unto
             all
             men
             ,
             the
             other
             private
             ,
             shut
             within
             the
             compass
             of
             a
             house
             or
             chamber
             :
             that
             permitted
             to
             any
             man
             which
             is
             in
             health
             ;
             this
             proper
             to
             very
             many
             and
             sickly
             persons
             ,
             who
             receiving
             but
             the
             least
             blast
             of
             the
             outward
             aire
             upon
             a
             suddain
             ,
             fall
             into
             great
             extremities
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             recidival
             sickness
             to
             be
             worse
             then
             the
             former
             .
             Many
             ,
             and
             amongst
             them
             ,
             my
             Lord
             Rich
             his
             brother
             ,
             can
             justifie
             this
             ,
             who
             almost
             recovered
             of
             the
             small
             pox
             ,
             looked
             but
             out
             of
             a
             casement
             ,
             and
             presently
             was
             striken
             with
             death
             .
             So
             likewise
             one
             Harwood
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             a
             rich
             Clothier
             ,
             coming
             suddenly
             in
             an
             extream
             frost
             from
             a
             very
             hot
             fire
             into
             the
             cold
             aire
             ,
             his
             blood
             was
             presently
             so
             corrupted
             ,
             that
             he
             became
             a
             leaper
             ;
             which
             is
             an
             ordinary
             cause
             of
             the
             same
             disease
             in
             high
             Germany
             ,
             as
             Paracelsus
             and
             many
             other
             writers
             
             have
             truely
             noted
             .
             Again
             ,
             some
             men
             tie
             themselves
             so
             to
             one
             aire
             ,
             that
             if
             they
             go
             but
             a
             mile
             from
             home
             (
             like
             to
             fresh-water
             soldiers
             )
             they
             are
             presently
             sick
             :
             others
             are
             so
             delighted
             with
             variety
             ,
             that
             no
             one
             aire
             or
             Country
             can
             contain
             them
             :
             of
             which
             humor
             was
             
               Agesilaus
               ,
               Phocion
               ,
               Diogenes
               ,
               Cato
               ,
            
             yea
             and
             Socrates
             himself
             ,
             who
             
             sometimes
             lay
             abroad
             in
             the
             fields
             ,
             sometimes
             at
             home
             ,
             sometimes
             travailed
             one
             Country
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             another
             ,
             that
             being
             accustomed
             to
             all
             airs
             ,
             they
             might
             (
             if
             necessity
             served
             )
             the
             better
             abide
             all
             .
             Furthermore
             in
             long
             diseases
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             the
             worst
             ,
             but
             the
             best
             physick
             to
             change
             airs
             ;
             which
             few
             can
             endure
             that
             are
             tied
             in
             conceit
             or
             by
             custom
             only
             to
             one
             ,
             and
             therefore
             that
             (
             of
             both
             fantastical
             humors
             )
             is
             the
             most
             dangerous
             .
             Besides
             this
             ,
             the
             time
             of
             going
             abroad
             in
             the
             open
             aire
             is
             to
             be
             considered
             ;
             for
             some
             go
             out
             early
             before
             the
             dew
             be
             off
             ,
             and
             the
             sun
             up
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             unwholsom
             ;
             others
             also
             walk
             
             at
             night
             after
             the
             dew
             falling
             ,
             which
             is
             as
             perilous
             :
             for
             the
             dew
             to
             mans
             body
             is
             as
             rust
             unto
             iron
             ,
             in
             so
             much
             that
             it
             blasteth
             the
             face
             and
             maketh
             it
             scabby
             (
             especially
             in
             some
             months
             )
             if
             a
             man
             do
             wash
             himself
             with
             it
             .
             Furthermore
             some
             men
             delight
             to
             travel
             in
             tempests
             and
             winds
             ,
             which
             the
             very
             hedghog
             reproveth
             ,
             and
             the
             beasts
             of
             the
             field
             eschue
             by
             seeking
             coverture
             :
             for
             strong
             and
             violent
             winds
             ,
             be
             (
             as
             Cardan
             cals
             them
             )
             the
             whales
             of
             the
             
             aire
             ,
             rowling
             clouds
             and
             meteors
             where
             and
             whether
             they
             list
             ,
             beating
             down
             trees
             ,
             houses
             ,
             and
             castles
             ,
             yea
             shaking
             otherwhiles
             the
             earths
             foundation
             .
             Now
             as
             some
             goe
             abroad
             too
             much
             ,
             so
             others
             with
             over-fearfulness
             take
             the
             open
             aire
             too
             little
             ,
             sitting
             at
             home
             like
             cramb'd
             Capons
             in
             a
             close
             room
             ,
             and
             not
             daring
             in
             a
             manner
             to
             behold
             the
             light
             ;
             better
             it
             were
             by
             degrees
             to
             go
             abroad
             ,
             then
             with
             such
             certainty
             of
             danger
             to
             stay
             at
             home
             ;
             yet
             so
             that
             a
             calm
             ,
             mild
             ,
             and
             temperate
             day
             be
             chosen
             ,
             lest
             we
             make
             more
             haste
             outward
             then
             good
             speed
             ,
             and
             bewail
             the
             alteration
             of
             aire
             through
             decrease
             of
             health
             .
             For
             as
             contrariety
             of
             meats
             make
             tumults
             and
             rebellions
             in
             our
             stomacks
             ,
             so
             contrary
             changes
             of
             aire
             upon
             the
             sudden
             ,
             maketh
             dangerous
             combats
             in
             our
             bodies
             :
             Yea
             though
             a
             fenny
             aire
             be
             thick
             and
             loathsome
             ,
             yet
             suddenly
             to
             go
             dwel
             upon
             the
             high
             mountains
             in
             a
             clear
             aire
             ,
             is
             a
             posting
             to
             death
             rather
             then
             a
             course
             to
             life
             ,
             and
             albeit
             a
             Southern
             Country
             be
             pregnant
             of
             corruption
             (
             for
             all
             trees
             lose
             their
             leaves
             first
             on
             the
             Southside
             ,
             and
             on
             the
             Southside
             houses
             decay
             soonest
             ,
             and
             the
             Southside
             of
             corn
             is
             soonest
             blasted
             ,
             and
             malt
             lying
             in
             the
             Southside
             of
             a
             Garner
             ,
             is
             first
             tainted
             with
             weevels
             )
             yet
             suddenly
             
             to
             depart
             to
             a
             Northern
             soil
             ,
             where
             the
             North
             wind
             chiefly
             bloweth
             ,
             is
             to
             leave
             the
             Sea
             to
             be
             forzen
             in
             ice
             ,
             and
             bringeth
             imminent
             peril
             ,
             if
             not
             hasty
             death
             to
             the
             patient
             ,
             yea
             to
             them
             that
             are
             otherwise
             sound
             of
             body
             :
             
             wherefore
             use
             the
             open
             aire
             in
             his
             due
             time
             ,
             season
             ,
             quantity
             ,
             and
             order
             ;
             else
             shalt
             thou
             be
             offended
             with
             that
             nourishment
             ,
             which
             simply
             of
             all
             other
             is
             most
             necessary
             :
             for
             as
             this
             invisible
             milk
             (
             for
             so
             Severinus
             cals
             the
             aire
             )
             in
             time
             ,
             season
             ,
             and
             quantity
             ,
             nourisheth
             these
             lower
             ,
             and
             
             perhaps
             the
             upper
             bodies
             :
             so
             being
             taken
             out
             of
             time
             ,
             and
             longer
             ,
             and
             lesser
             then
             we
             should
             ,
             it
             is
             both
             the
             child
             ,
             the
             mother
             ,
             and
             the
             nurse
             of
             infinite
             mischiefs
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           V.
           
        
         
           
             1.
             
             Of
             Meat
             ,
             and
             the
             differences
             thereof
             ,
             in
             Kind
             ,
             Substance
             ,
             Temperature
             ,
             and
             Taste
             .
          
        
         
           PUrposing
           now
           to
           treat
           of
           Meats
           ,
           I
           will
           keep
           this
           method
           .
           First
           I
           will
           shew
           their
           differences
           :
           then
           the
           particular
           natures
           of
           every
           one
           of
           them
           :
           Last
           of
           all
           in
           what
           variety
           ,
           quantity
           ,
           and
           order
           they
           are
           to
           be
           eaten
           .
           Their
           differences
           be
           especially
           seaven
           in
           number
           ;
           
             Kind
             ,
             Substance
             ,
             Temperature
             ,
             Taste
             ,
             Preparation
             ,
             Age
          
           and
           Sex.
           
           
        
         
           1.
           
           Concerning
           the
           first
           ,
           It
           is
           either
           of
           vegitable
           things
           only
           by
           ordination
           ,
           or
           of
           sensible
           creatures
           by
           permission
           .
           For
           whilst
           Adam
           and
           his
           wife
           were
           in
           Paradise
           ,
           he
           had
           commission
           to
           eat
           only
           of
           the
           fruit
           of
           the
           Garden
           ;
           being
           cast
           thence
           ,
           he
           was
           enjoyned
           to
           till
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           fed
           in
           the
           sweat
           of
           his
           brows
           upon
           worts
           ,
           corn
           ,
           pulse
           and
           roots
           ;
           but
           as
           for
           flesh
           ,
           howbeit
           many
           beasts
           were
           slain
           for
           sacrifices
           and
           apparrel
           ,
           yet
           none
           was
           eaten
           of
           
           men
           2240.
           years
           after
           the
           creation
           ;
           even
           till
           God
           himself
           permitted
           Noah
           and
           his
           family
           to
           feed
           of
           every
           sensible
           thing
           that
           moved
           and
           lived
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           fruits
           and
           green
           hearbs
           .
        
         
           
           Nay
           the
           Indian
           Philosophers
           ,
           called
           Brachmanes
           ,
           did
           never
           a
           great
           while
           after
           the
           floud
           taste
           of
           any
           sensible
           creature
           :
           and
           though
           Nimrod
           the
           great
           hunter
           slew
           many
           beasts
           ,
           yet
           flesh
           was
           even
           then
           untasted
           of
           the
           Babilonians
           
           (
           and
           many
           hundred
           years
           after
           )
           saith
           Herodotus
           .
           And
           verily
           till
           God
           would
           have
           it
           so
           ,
           who
           dared
           to
           touch
           with
           his
           lips
           the
           remnant
           of
           a
           dead
           carcass
           ?
           or
           to
           set
           the
           pray
           of
           a
           wolfe
           ,
           and
           the
           meat
           of
           a
           falcon
           upon
           his
           table
           ?
           who
           I
           say
           durst
           feed
           upon
           those
           members
           which
           lately
           did
           see
           ,
           
           go
           ,
           bleat
           ,
           lowe
           ,
           feel
           ,
           and
           move
           ?
           Nay
           tell
           me
           ,
           can
           civil
           and
           humane
           eyes
           yet
           abide
           the
           slaughter
           of
           an
           innocent
           beast
           ,
           the
           cutting
           of
           his
           throat
           ,
           the
           mauling
           him
           on
           the
           head
           ,
           the
           flaying
           of
           his
           skin
           ,
           the
           quartring
           and
           dismembring
           of
           his
           joints
           ,
           the
           sprinkling
           of
           blood
           ,
           the
           ripping
           up
           of
           his
           veins
           ,
           the
           enduring
           of
           ill
           savours
           ,
           the
           hearing
           of
           heavy
           sighs
           ,
           sobs
           ,
           and
           grones
           ,
           the
           passionate
           strugling
           and
           panting
           for
           life
           ,
           which
           only
           hard-hearted
           Butchers
           can
           endure
           to
           see
           ?
           Is
           not
           the
           earth
           sufficient
           to
           give
           us
           meat
           ,
           but
           that
           we
           must
           also
           rend
           up
           the
           bowels
           of
           beasts
           ,
           birds
           ,
           and
           fishes
           ?
           yes
           truly
           there
           is
           enough
           in
           the
           earth
           to
           give
           us
           meat
           ,
           yea
           verily
           and
           choise
           of
           meats
           ,
           needing
           either
           none
           or
           no
           great
           preparation
           ,
           which
           we
           may
           take
           without
           fear
           ,
           and
           cut
           down
           without
           trembling
           ,
           which
           also
           we
           may
           mingle
           a
           hundred
           waies
           to
           delight
           our
           taste
           ,
           and
           feed
           on
           safely
           to
           fill
           our
           bellies
           .
           Nevertheless
           we
           must
           not
           imagine
           ,
           that
           God
           either
           idely
           or
           rashly
           permitted
           flesh
           and
           fish
           to
           be
           eaten
           of
           mankind
           ,
           but
           that
           either
           he
           did
           it
           for
           causes
           known
           to
           himself
           ,
           or
           for
           special
           favours
           shewed
           to
           
           us
           .
           Plutarch
           writeth
           that
           hens
           eggs
           in
           Egypt
           do
           hatch
           themselves
           in
           the
           warm
           sun
           ,
           and
           that
           wilde
           connies
           breed
           
           every
           month
           :
           so
           that
           albeit
           by
           their
           rites
           of
           religion
           the
           Egyptians
           were
           forbidden
           to
           eat
           eggs
           ,
           or
           to
           kill
           for
           meat
           any
           living
           creature
           ,
           yet
           necessity
           caused
           them
           to
           eat
           both
           ,
           lest
           their
           corn
           should
           be
           devoured
           both
           in
           seed
           and
           blade
           ,
           or
           they
           forced
           to
           do
           nothing
           else
           but
           to
           bury
           young
           rabbets
           and
           to
           squash
           eggs
           ;
           perhaps
           upon
           foresight
           of
           the
           like
           inconvenience
           ,
           God
           appointed
           men
           to
           eat
           flesh
           and
           fish
           :
           least
           happily
           overflowing
           the
           earth
           by
           dayly
           increase
           ,
           there
           would
           scarce
           be
           any
           food
           left
           for
           man
           ,
           and
           man
           should
           not
           be
           able
           to
           rule
           his
           subjects
           .
           But
           the
           chiefest
           thing
           which
           he
           aimed
           at
           in
           the
           permission
           ,
           was
           (
           in
           my
           judgement
           )
           the
           health
           and
           preservation
           of
           our
           lives
           :
           for
           as
           before
           the
           floud
           men
           were
           of
           stronger
           constitution
           ,
           and
           vegitable
           fruits
           grew
           void
           of
           superfluous
           moisture
           :
           so
           by
           the
           floud
           these
           were
           endued
           with
           weaker
           nourishment
           ,
           and
           men
           made
           more
           subject
           to
           violent
           diseases
           and
           infirmities
           .
           Whereupon
           it
           was
           requisite
           or
           rather
           necessary
           ,
           such
           meat
           to
           be
           appointed
           for
           humane
           nourishment
           ,
           as
           was
           in
           substance
           and
           essence
           most
           like
           our
           own
           ,
           and
           might
           with
           lest
           loss
           and
           labour
           of
           natural
           heat
           be
           converted
           and
           transubstantiated
           into
           our
           flesh
           .
           And
           truely
           whosoever
           shall
           with
           the
           Adamites
           refuse
           that
           Diet
           ,
           which
           God
           and
           nature
           hath
           appointed
           ;
           either
           because
           they
           think
           they
           should
           not
           ,
           or
           because
           they
           would
           not
           feed
           upon
           living
           creatures
           :
           I
           dare
           boldly
           avouch
           they
           are
           religious
           without
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           timerous
           without
           occasion
           ;
           yea
           (
           unless
           naturally
           they
           abhor
           fish
           and
           flesh
           ,
           as
           some
           men
           may
           )
           they
           shorten
           their
           owne
           lives
           and
           do
           violence
           to
           nature
           .
        
         
           
             How
             meats
             differ
             in
             substances
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Touching
             the
             difference
             of
             meats
             in
             substance
             :
             some
             are
             of
             thin
             and
             light
             substance
             ,
             engendring
             pure
             thin
             and
             fine
             blood
             ,
             fit
             for
             fine
             complexions
             ,
             idle
             citizens
             ,
             tender
             
             
             persons
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             upon
             recovery
             out
             of
             some
             great
             sickness
             :
             as
             chiken
             peepers
             ,
             rabbet
             suckers
             ,
             young
             pheasants
             ,
             partridge
             ,
             heath-poulse
             ,
             godwits
             ,
             all
             small
             birds
             being
             young
             ,
             all
             little
             fishes
             of
             the
             river
             ,
             the
             wings
             and
             livers
             of
             hens
             ,
             cockchickens
             and
             patridges
             ,
             eggs
             warm
             out
             of
             the
             hens
             belly
             ,
             &c.
             
             Others
             are
             more
             gross
             ,
             tough
             ,
             and
             hard
             ,
             agreeing
             chiefly
             to
             country
             persons
             and
             hard
             labourers
             :
             
             but
             secondarily
             to
             all
             that
             be
             strong
             of
             nature
             ,
             given
             by
             trade
             or
             use
             to
             much
             exercise
             ,
             and
             accustomed
             to
             feed
             upon
             them
             :
             as
             poudred
             beife
             ,
             bacon
             ,
             goose
             ,
             swan
             ,
             salt-fish
             ,
             ling
             ,
             tunnis
             ,
             salt
             samon
             ,
             cucumbers
             ,
             turneps
             ,
             beans
             ,
             hard
             peaze
             ,
             hard
             cheese
             ,
             brown
             and
             rye
             bread
             ,
             &c.
             
             But
             meats
             of
             a
             middle
             substance
             are
             generally
             the
             best
             ,
             &
             most
             
             properly
             to
             be
             called
             meats
             ;
             engendring
             neither
             too
             fine
             nor
             too
             gross
             blood
             ,
             agreeing
             in
             a
             manner
             with
             all
             ages
             ,
             times
             ,
             and
             complexions
             ,
             neither
             binding
             nor
             loosning
             the
             body
             ,
             neither
             strengthening
             nor
             weakning
             the
             stomack
             ,
             neither
             procuring
             nor
             hindring
             urine
             or
             sweat
             ,
             causing
             no
             alteration
             in
             coldness
             ,
             heat
             ,
             dryness
             ,
             or
             moisture
             ;
             finally
             neither
             adding
             to
             the
             body
             by
             overnourishing
             ,
             nor
             detracting
             from
             it
             by
             extenuating
             ,
             but
             preserving
             it
             in
             such
             estate
             as
             they
             found
             it
             ,
             restoring
             dayly
             as
             much
             as
             dayly
             decayed
             ,
             and
             nothing
             or
             very
             little
             more
             .
             Of
             which
             sort
             may
             be
             reckoned
             young
             beife
             ,
             mutton
             ,
             veal
             ,
             kid
             ,
             lamb
             ,
             pig
             ,
             hen
             ,
             capon
             ,
             turkye
             ,
             house-doves
             ,
             conny
             ,
             sodden
             lettice
             ,
             skirrets
             ,
             almonds
             ,
             raysins
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             How
             meats
             differ
             in
             temperature
             and
             distemperature
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             As
             there
             is
             a
             certain
             temperature
             and
             distemperature
             of
             our
             bodies
             ,
             so
             likewise
             is
             there
             in
             meats
             ;
             that
             temperate
             bodies
             should
             feed
             of
             their
             likes
             ,
             and
             distempered
             of
             their
             contraries
             .
             Wherefore
             God
             hath
             appointed
             some
             meats
             hot
             onely
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Hot
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Lamb
               ,
               pork
               ,
               pig
               ,
               gosling
               ,
               partridge
               ,
               quail
               ,
               thrush
               ,
               sturgian
               ,
               mullet
               ,
               base
               ,
               oisters
               ,
               cockles
               :
               cream
               ,
               butter
               ,
               figs
               ,
               suger
               ,
               raisins
               ,
               sweet
               apples
               ,
               ripe
               pomegranates
               ,
               new
               hasselnuts
               ,
               new
               almonds
               ,
               asparagus
               ,
               borrage
               ,
               bur-rootes
               ,
               skirrit-roots
               ,
               white
               thistle
               roots
               ,
               hop
               buds
               ,
               parseneps
               ,
               wheat
               and
               rice
               .
            
          
           
             
               Others
               hot
               in
               the
               second
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             Hare
             ,
             roe-buck
             ,
             turky
             ,
             peacok
             ,
             pigeon
             ,
             duck
             ,
             turtle
             ,
             pickled
             oisters
             ,
             anchoves
             ,
             honny
             ,
             ripe
             mulberies
             ,
             new
             walnuts
             ,
             pickled
             olives
             ,
             preserved
             capars
             ,
             pisticks
             ,
             dates
             ,
             chestnuts
             ,
             artichokes
             ,
             carots
             ▪
             potadoes
             ,
             persly
             ,
             and
             radish
             roots
             ,
             eryngo
             roots
             ,
             nutmegs
             and
             saffron
             .
          
           
             
               Some
               hot
               in
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             scallops
             ,
             mints
             ,
             taragon
             ,
             onions
             ,
             leeks
             ,
             Alisanders
             ,
             ●ld
             walnuts
             ,
             cinamon
             ,
             ginger
             ,
             cloves
             ,
             and
             pepper
             .
          
           
             Some
             are
             hot
             in
             the
             fourth
             degree
             ,
             as
             
               skallions
               ,
               garlick
               ,
               and
               ramsies
               .
            
             Now
             whereas
             all
             meats
             hot
             further
             then
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             are
             reckoned
             by
             Physitians
             to
             be
             rather
             medicin
             then
             meat
             :
             I
             allow
             their
             judgement
             ,
             for
             the
             most
             sort
             of
             men
             ;
             but
             not
             generally
             in
             all
             .
             For
             in
             Scythia
             &
             some
             parts
             of
             Persia
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             
               Scotland
               &
               Wales
            
             ,
             many
             mens
             bodies
             and
             stomachs
             are
             so
             full
             of
             cold
             and
             raw
             fleagme
             ,
             that
             leeks
             ,
             onyons
             ,
             watercresses
             ,
             and
             garlick
             is
             made
             a
             nourishment
             unto
             them
             ,
             which
             would
             gripe
             ,
             fret
             ,
             &
             blister
             temperate
             stomacks
             .
             The
             like
             reason
             may
             be
             given
             ,
             why
             Adders
             are
             commonly
             eaten
             of
             the
             people
             called
             Ophiophagi
             ,
             and
             venemous
             spiders
             of
             many
             in
             Egypt
             .
             Yea
             ,
             my self
             have
             known
             a
             young
             Maide
             ,
             of
             an
             exceeding
             moist
             and
             cold
             complexion
             ,
             whose
             meat
             for
             two
             years
             was
             chiefly
             pepper
             ,
             wherewith
             another
             would
             have
             been
             consumed
             ,
             though
             she
             was
             nourished
             :
             for
             it
             is
             hot
             in
             the
             third
             ,
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             fourth
             degree
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cold
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               cold
               Meats
               ,
               God
               hath
               likewise
               appointed
               some
               of
               
               the
               first
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             Cow-flesh
             ,
             steer-flesh
             ,
             conny
             ,
             rabbet
             ,
             young
             hedghogs
             ;
             Eeles
             ,
             lumps
             ,
             olafes
             ,
             fresh
             tunny
             ,
             fresh
             sprats
             ,
             fresh
             herrings
             ,
             curds
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             pompions
             ,
             millions
             ,
             cherries
             ,
             strawberries
             ,
             peaches
             ,
             some
             apples
             ,
             pears
             ,
             quinces
             ,
             medlars
             ,
             cervices
             :
             spinache
             ,
             succory
             ,
             sorrel
             ,
             gooseberries
             ,
             cabbage
             ,
             colewoorts
             ,
             peaze
             and
             beans
             .
          
           
             Others
             cold
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             as
             
               tench
               ,
               pike
               ,
               shrimps
               ,
               crabs
               ,
               crevisses
               ,
               new
               cheese
               ,
               prunes
               ,
               damsins
               ,
               apricots
               ,
               and
               most
               sorts
               of
               plums
               ,
               lettice
               ,
               endiff
               ,
               citrons
               ,
               oringes
               ,
               lemmons
               ,
               gourds
               ,
               and
               cucumbers
               .
            
             Whatsoever
             exceedeth
             this
             degree
             in
             coldness
             can
             never
             be
             turned
             into
             our
             nourishment
             ,
             howsoever
             some
             one
             body
             by
             a
             proper
             Sympathy
             or
             long
             usage
             (
             as
             Docter
             Randal
             did
             )
             may
             digest
             and
             nourish
             himself
             with
             poppy
             medicins
             .
          
        
         
           
             Moist
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Meats
               moist
               in
               the
               first
               degree
               ,
               are
               these
               and
               such
               like
               :
            
             Wild
             bore
             ;
             lamprey
             ,
             barble
             ,
             cramb
             ,
             shrimps
             ,
             crevisse
             ,
             pine-apple-kernels
             ,
             new
             filbirds
             ,
             sweet
             allmonds
             ,
             dates
             ,
             asparagus
             ,
             spinache
             ,
             borrage
             ,
             hop
             buds
             ,
             carrots
             ,
             turneps
             ▪
             and
             french
             peaze
             .
          
           
             
               Meats
               moist
               in
               the
               second
               degree
               :
            
             Hedgebuck
             ,
             turky
             ,
             young
             pigeon
             ,
             young
             ducks
             ,
             young
             quailes
             ;
             fresh
             sturgeon
             ,
             lump
             ,
             olaffe
             ,
             tunny
             ,
             tench
             ,
             eele
             ,
             fresh
             oisters
             ,
             ruen-cheese
             .
             
               Meats
               moist
               in
               the
               third
               degree
               are
               onely
            
             fresh
             pork
             ,
             and
             young
             pigs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Dry
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Neither
             hath
             nature
             omitted
             to
             provide
             dry
             Meats
             for
             them
             ,
             who
             by
             nature
             or
             sickness
             are
             overmoistned
             :
             whereof
             some
             are
             dry
             onely
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             as
             
               peacock
               ,
               heathcock
               ,
               the
               dorry
               ,
               and
               all
               fresh
               fish
               lightly
               poudred
               :
               strawberries
               ,
               soure
               fruit
               ,
               medlers
               ,
               fennel
               ,
               artichokes
               ,
               colewoorts
               ,
               raddish
               ,
               saffron
               ,
               and
               cheese
               curds
               throughly
               pressed
               .
            
          
           
             
               Others
               in
               the
               second
               in
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             Oxe-beife
             ,
             venison
             ,
             
             hare
             ,
             conny
             ,
             partridge
             ,
             turtle
             ,
             thrush
             ,
             black-birds
             ;
             mullets
             ,
             crabs
             ,
             perwinckles
             ,
             cockles
             ,
             honny
             ,
             cinamon
             ,
             nutmegs
             ,
             ginger
             ;
             galanga
             ,
             peares
             ,
             quinces
             ,
             soure-pomegranats
             ,
             pickled
             olives
             ,
             pisticks
             ,
             chessnuts
             ,
             succory
             ,
             sorrel
             ,
             persty
             ,
             onyons
             ,
             leeks
             ,
             lemons
             ,
             citrons
             ,
             beans
             and
             rice
             .
          
           
             
               Others
               in
               the
               third
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             flesh
             and
             fish
             long
             salted
             ,
             stock
             fish
             ,
             old
             cheese
             ,
             poudred
             capers
             ,
             cervisses
             ,
             mints
             ,
             garlick
             ,
             ramsies
             ,
             scallions
             ,
             water-cresses
             ,
             cloves
             and
             cinamon
             .
             
               Others
               in
               the
               fourth
               degree
               ,
               as
            
             pepper
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             by
             miscookery
             over-peppered
             .
          
        
         
           
             Temperate
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Temperate
             meats
             are
             such
             ,
             as
             hardly
             can
             be
             discerned
             to
             be
             either
             hot
             ,
             cold
             ,
             dry
             ,
             or
             moist
             ,
             or
             if
             they
             can
             yet
             do
             ,
             they
             never
             exceed
             ,
             yea
             scarsly
             attain
             the
             first
             degree
             .
             Of
             which
             sort
             ,
             
               a
               young
               pullet
               ,
               a
               crowing
               cockrel
               ,
               a
               grown
               capon
               ,
               soles
               and
               perches
               ,
               fine
               wheat
               ,
               new
               laid
               eggs
               (
               eate
               white
               and
               all
               )
               being
               potcht
               ,
               and
               all
               small
               birds
               being
               young
               ,
            
             are
             to
             be
             accounted
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             Meats
             differ
             in
             taste
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Being
             now
             come
             to
             the
             fourth
             difference
             of
             meats
             ,
             which
             consisteth
             in
             Taste
             ,
             it
             is
             necessary
             to
             shew
             how
             many
             kinds
             of
             tasts
             be
             found
             in
             nourishments
             ;
             whereof
             some
             be
             abominable
             to
             certain
             persons
             ,
             though
             good
             and
             pleasant
             in
             nature
             ;
             Others
             contrarily
             desired
             and
             liked
             ,
             though
             naturally
             not
             appointed
             for
             meat
             ;
             which
             if
             you
             call
             a
             sympathetical
             and
             antipathetical
             taste
             ,
             or
             an
             in
             borne
             tasting
             
             or
             distasting
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             be
             amiss
             :
             for
             though
             the
             words
             seem
             strange
             and
             hard
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             yet
             time
             and
             wearing
             will
             make
             them
             easy
             and
             common
             .
             What
             is
             more
             unpleasant
             to
             most
             mens
             natures
             ,
             then
             the
             taste
             of
             humane
             flesh
             ?
             yet
             not
             onely
             some
             women
             with
             child
             have
             longed
             for
             it
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             whole
             nation
             of
             Canibals
             account
             it
             the
             sweetest
             meat
             of
             all
             others
             .
             It
             is
             also
             recorded
             that
             Neroes
             ,
             great
             
             gourdman
             ,
             thought
             no
             meat
             pleasant
             but
             raw
             flesh
             ▪
             
               Fermius
               
               
               Saleucius
            
             loved
             the
             Sea
             horses
             so
             exceedingly
             ,
             that
             he
             dayly
             dived
             for
             them
             amongst
             the
             Crocodiles
             of
             Nilus
             ,
             
             ventring
             his
             life
             to
             save
             his
             longing
             .
             Plato
             thought
             that
             Olives
             had
             the
             best
             taste
             .
             Mecaenas
             coveted
             the
             fish
             of
             Asses
             foals
             ,
             whereby
             the
             whole
             race
             of
             Asses
             had
             been
             extinguished
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             died
             in
             a
             good
             hour
             .
             The
             Germans
             once
             (
             and
             now
             the
             Tartars
             )
             reckon
             horseflesh
             for
             the
             sweetest
             and
             best
             meats
             ,
             even
             as
             our
             Welshmen
             esteem
             of
             Cheese
             ,
             Lancashire
             men
             of
             egg
             pies
             ,
             and
             Devonshire
             men
             
             of
             a
             brown
             whitepot
             .
             What
             need
             I
             write
             of
             Achilles
             ,
             who
             in
             his
             nonage
             living
             with
             Chiron
             ,
             desired
             most
             to
             feed
             upon
             Lions
             livers
             ?
             or
             of
             the
             Vandales
             ,
             who
             long
             after
             Foxes
             ;
             
             or
             the
             Zygantes
             in
             Africa
             ,
             that
             covet
             Monkies
             and
             Apes
             ,
             no
             less
             then
             the
             Carmanians
             love
             Tortesses
             ,
             the
             West
             Africans
             Lisards
             ,
             the
             Egyptians
             Grasshoppers
             ,
             the
             Candneans
             Serpents
             ,
             the
             Corsicans
             and
             Maltanists
             young
             Whelps
             ,
             the
             Romans
             and
             Phrygians
             timber-worms
             ,
             the
             Allmans
             Mites
             and
             Magots
             of
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             such
             filthy
             meats
             .
             Yea
             (
             if
             Herodotus
             an
             Sabellicus
             write
             a
             truth
             )
             the
             Budanes
             desire
             to
             feed
             on
             Lice
             ,
             which
             a
             Muscovite
             abhors
             to
             kill
             ;
             least
             unnaturally
             or
             unwittingly
             he
             might
             slay
             his
             own
             flesh
             and
             blood
             .
             It
             were
             strange
             to
             believe
             (
             yet
             Fernelius
             
             writes
             it
             for
             a
             truth
             )
             how
             a
             noble
             man
             of
             France
             found
             a
             greater
             sweetnes
             in
             quick-lime
             ,
             then
             in
             any
             meat
             beside
             ,
             refreshing
             his
             stomack
             and
             hurting
             no
             inward
             part
             with
             the
             
             continual
             use
             thereof
             .
             Others
             feed
             greedily
             upon
             rags
             of
             woollen
             cloth
             and
             wall-morter
             :
             and
             
               Anatus
               Lusitanus
            
             remembreth
             a
             certain
             young
             maid
             of
             twelve
             years
             of
             age
             ,
             who
             did
             eate
             usually
             stones
             ,
             earth
             ▪
             sand
             ,
             chalke
             ,
             wooll
             ,
             cotten
             and
             flox
             ;
             esteeming
             their
             taste
             and
             substance
             better
             
             then
             of
             the
             finest
             and
             tendrest
             Partridge
             .
             
               Marcellus
               Donatus
            
             saw
             a
             girle
             so
             longing
             after
             Lisards
             and
             Neauts
             ,
             that
             she
             would
             hunt
             after
             the
             one
             in
             gardens
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             other
             in
             houses
             with
             a
             bough
             in
             her
             hand
             ,
             as
             a
             Cat
             would
             
             hunt
             a
             mouse
             ,
             and
             eat
             them
             without
             hurt
             ▪
             
               Albertus
               Magnus
            
             (
             as
             Caelius
             reporteth
             )
             saw
             another
             wench
             in
             Collen
             but
             
             three
             years
             old
             ,
             hunting
             as
             diligently
             after
             all
             sorts
             of
             spiders
             ,
             with
             which
             meat
             she
             was
             not
             only
             much
             delighted
             ,
             but
             also
             exceedingly
             nourished
             .
             Yea
             Doctor
             Oethaeus
             
             telleth
             a
             story
             of
             a
             certain
             Farmer
             in
             the
             County
             of
             Hirsberg
             ,
             that
             feedeth
             chiefly
             upon
             potsheards
             finely
             beaten
             ,
             batling
             no
             less
             with
             them
             then
             Marriners
             do
             with
             eating
             bisket
             .
             And
             
               Joachimus
               Camerarius
            
             (
             my
             dear
             and
             
             learned
             friend
             )
             reporteth
             that
             a
             certain
             girl
             of
             Norimberg
             did
             eat
             up
             her
             own
             hair
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             as
             elsewhere
             she
             could
             get
             ;
             neither
             conld
             she
             be
             perswaded
             by
             parents
             or
             friends
             ,
             to
             think
             it
             an
             unpleasant
             or
             an
             unwholsom
             meat
             .
             Contrariwise
             
               Petrus
               Aponensis
            
             loathed
             milk
             :
             The
             Inhabitants
             
             of
             the
             new
             fishing
             Land
             abhor
             Oyle
             ;
             many
             men
             cannot
             abide
             the
             taste
             of
             Cheese
             ,
             others
             of
             flesh
             ,
             others
             of
             fish
             ,
             others
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             fruit
             ,
             and
             that
             
               Bartimew
               Marnta
            
             his
             father
             was
             almost
             dead
             of
             hares
             flesh
             in
             a
             gallimawfery
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             unknown
             to
             Physicians
             .
             Nay
             some
             are
             naturally
             (
             or
             by
             imagination
             )
             so
             perverted
             ,
             that
             they
             cannot
             abide
             the
             sight
             of
             many
             meats
             ,
             and
             muchless
             the
             last
             .
             What
             Souldier
             knoweth
             not
             that
             a
             roasted
             Pigg
             will
             affright
             Captain
             Swan
             more
             then
             the
             sight
             of
             twenty
             Spaniards
             ?
             What
             Lawyer
             hath
             not
             heard
             of
             Mr.
             Tanfiels
             conceit
             ,
             who
             is
             feared
             as
             much
             with
             a
             dead
             Duck
             ,
             as
             Philip
             of
             Spain
             was
             with
             a
             living
             Drake
             ?
             I
             will
             not
             tell
             what
             Physician
             abhorreth
             the
             sight
             of
             Lampres
             ,
             and
             the
             taste
             of
             hot
             Venison
             ,
             though
             he
             love
             cold
             ;
             nor
             remember
             a
             Gentleman
             who
             cannot
             abide
             the
             taste
             of
             a
             rab
             bet
             ,
             since
             he
             was
             once
             (
             by
             a
             train
             )
             beguiled
             with
             a
             young
             cat
             .
          
           
             Nay
             (
             which
             was
             more
             )
             all
             meat
             was
             of
             an
             abominable
             taste
             to
             Heliogabulus
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             not
             far
             fetcht
             and
             very
             dearly
             bought
             ;
             even
             as
             some
             liquorish
             mouthes
             cannot
             
             
             drink
             without
             sugar
             ,
             nor
             Sinardus
             hot
             stomack
             could
             break
             wine
             without
             snow
             ;
             which
             dainty
             and
             foolish
             conceit
             ,
             though
             it
             picks
             a
             quarrel
             with
             God
             and
             reason
             (
             after
             the
             nice
             fineness
             of
             Courtly
             dames
             ,
             that
             abhor
             the
             best
             meat
             which
             is
             brought
             in
             an
             earthen
             dish
             )
             and
             maketh
             ulcers
             as
             it
             were
             in
             sound
             stomacks
             ;
             yet
             that
             there
             is
             a
             natural
             liking
             and
             disliking
             of
             meats
             ,
             and
             consequently
             of
             the
             tastes
             of
             meats
             ,
             both
             the
             examples
             of
             men
             and
             women
             forenamed
             do
             justly
             prove
             ,
             and
             even
             Spaniels
             and
             Hounds
             themselves
             (
             I
             mean
             of
             the
             truer
             kind
             )
             by
             refusing
             of
             Venison
             and
             wild-fowl
             in
             the
             cold
             bloud
             ,
             can
             sufficiently
             demonstrate
             .
          
        
         
           
             Meats
             of
             ordinary
             tastes
             .
          
           
             Now
             let
             us
             come
             to
             the
             ordinary
             tastes
             of
             meats
             ,
             which
             are
             especially
             seven
             in
             number
             ;
             Sweet
             ,
             Bitter
             ,
             Sharp
             ,
             Sowre
             ,
             Fatty
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             and
             Flash
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sweet
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Sweet
               Meats
            
             agree
             well
             with
             nature
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             of
             a
             temperate
             heat
             ,
             and
             therefore
             fittest
             for
             nourishment
             ;
             
             they
             delight
             the
             stomack
             and
             liver
             ,
             fatten
             the
             body
             ,
             encrease
             natural
             heat
             ,
             fill
             the
             veins
             ,
             digest
             easily
             ,
             soften
             that
             
             which
             is
             too
             hard
             ,
             and
             thicken
             that
             which
             is
             too
             liquid
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             be
             over-sweet
             and
             gluttish
             ,
             they
             soon
             turn
             into
             choler
             ,
             stop
             the
             liver
             ,
             puff
             up
             lungs
             and
             spleen
             ,
             swell
             the
             stomack
             ,
             and
             cause
             oftentimes
             most
             sharp
             and
             cruel
             fevers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Bitter
             Meats
             .
          
           
             If
             any
             thing
             be
             very
             bitter
             (
             as
             asparagus
             ,
             hop-sprouts
             ,
             and
             broom-buds
             )
             they
             cannot
             much
             nourish
             either
             man
             or
             beast
             ,
             unless
             they
             have
             first
             been
             boiled
             or
             infused
             in
             
             many
             waters
             :
             for
             otherwise
             they
             may
             engender
             (
             as
             they
             do
             )
             some
             cholerick
             humors
             ,
             burning
             bloud
             ,
             killing
             worms
             ,
             opening
             obstructions
             ,
             and
             mundifying
             unclean
             passages
             of
             the
             body
             ;
             but
             their
             nourishment
             they
             give
             
             is
             either
             little
             or
             nothing
             ,
             and
             that
             only
             derived
             to
             some
             special
             part
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sharp
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Sharp
               Meats
            
             (
             as
             onions
             ,
             skallions
             ,
             leeks
             ,
             garlick
             ,
             radish
             ,
             mustardseed
             ,
             cresses
             ,
             and
             hot
             spices
             )
             dry
             the
             body
             exceedingly
             ,
             being
             also
             hurtful
             to
             the
             eyes
             and
             liver
             ,
             drawing
             down
             humors
             ,
             sending
             up
             vapors
             ,
             inflaming
             the
             
             bloud
             ,
             fretting
             the
             guts
             ,
             and
             extenuating
             the
             whole
             body
             :
             Wherefore
             we
             must
             either
             taste
             them
             as
             they
             are
             ,
             or
             not
             feed
             upon
             them
             till
             their
             sharpness
             be
             delaid
             with
             washings
             ,
             infusions
             ,
             oilings
             ,
             and
             intermixtions
             of
             sweet
             things
             .
          
        
         
           
             Soure
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
             Soure
             meats
             (
             as
             sorrel
             ,
             lemons
             ,
             oringes
             ,
             citrons
             ,
             soure
             fruit
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             strong
             of
             vinegar
             and
             verjuice
             )
             albeit
             naturally
             they
             offend
             sinewy
             parts
             ,
             weaken
             concoction
             ,
             cool
             natural
             heat
             ,
             make
             the
             body
             lean
             ,
             and
             hasten
             old
             age
             ;
             yet
             they
             pleasure
             and
             profit
             us
             many
             waies
             ,
             in
             cutting
             
             phlegm
             ,
             opening
             obstructions
             ,
             cleansing
             impurities
             ,
             bridling
             choler
             ,
             resisting
             putrifaction
             ,
             extinguishing
             
             superfluous
             heat
             ,
             staying
             loathsomness
             of
             stomack
             ,
             and
             procuring
             appetite
             :
             But
             if
             they
             be
             soure
             without
             sharpness
             (
             as
             a
             rosted
             quince
             ,
             a
             warden
             ,
             cervises
             ,
             medlars
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             )
             then
             they
             furthermore
             strengthen
             the
             stomack
             ,
             
             bind
             and
             corroborate
             the
             liver
             ,
             stay
             fluxes
             ,
             heal
             ulcers
             ,
             and
             give
             an
             indifferent
             nourishment
             to
             them
             that
             eat
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Salt
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Saltishness
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             an
             unnatural
             taste
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             found
             in
             no
             living
             thing
             .
             For
             the
             very
             fishes
             are
             fresh
             ;
             so
             likewise
             is
             all
             flesh
             ,
             and
             every
             fruit
             ,
             and
             all
             herbs
             which
             grow
             not
             where
             the
             sea
             may
             wash
             upon
             them
             .
             Wherefore
             howsoever
             salt
             hath
             the
             term
             of
             divinity
             in
             Homer
             ,
             and
             Plato
             calleth
             it
             Jupiters
             minion
             ,
             and
             the
             Athenians
             
             
             have
             built
             one
             Temple
             to
             Neptune
             and
             Ceres
             (
             because
             even
             the
             finest
             cakes
             be
             unwholsom
             and
             unpleasant
             if
             they
             be
             not
             seasoned
             with
             salt
             )
             yet
             I
             hold
             it
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             that
             salt
             meats
             (
             in
             that
             they
             are
             salt
             )
             nourish
             little
             or
             nothing
             ;
             but
             rather
             accidentally
             in
             procuring
             appetite
             ,
             strengthening
             the
             stomack
             ,
             and
             giving
             it
             a
             touch
             of
             extraordinary
             heat
             ,
             as
             I
             will
             more
             perfectly
             prove
             when
             
             I
             treat
             of
             sawces
             .
             For
             salt
             meats
             (
             especially
             if
             they
             be
             hot
             of
             salt
             )
             engender
             cholor
             ,
             dry
             up
             natural
             moistures
             ,
             enflame
             blood
             ,
             stop
             the
             veins
             ,
             gather
             together
             viscous
             and
             crude
             humors
             ,
             harden
             the
             stone
             ,
             make
             sharpness
             of
             urine
             ,
             and
             cause
             leanness
             ;
             which
             I
             speak
             of
             the
             accidental
             salt
             wherewith
             we
             eat
             all
             meats
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             that
             inborn
             salt
             which
             is
             in
             all
             things
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fat
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Fattiness
             is
             sensibly
             found
             not
             only
             in
             flesh
             and
             fish
             ,
             of
             every
             sort
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             olives
             ,
             coco's
             ,
             almonds
             ,
             nuts
             ,
             pisticks
             ,
             and
             infinite
             fruits
             and
             herbs
             that
             give
             nourishment
             :
             Yea
             in
             serpents
             ,
             snails
             ,
             frogs
             ,
             and
             timber-worms
             it
             is
             to
             be
             found
             ;
             as
             though
             nature
             had
             implanted
             it
             in
             every
             thing
             which
             is
             or
             may
             be
             eaten
             of
             mankind
             .
             And
             
             verily
             as
             too
             much
             fattiness
             of
             meats
             glutteth
             the
             stomack
             ,
             decayeth
             appetite
             ,
             causeth
             belchings
             ,
             loathings
             ,
             vomitings
             ,
             and
             scourings
             ,
             choaketh
             the
             pores
             ,
             digesteth
             hardly
             ,
             and
             nourisheth
             sparingly
             ;
             so
             if
             it
             be
             too
             lean
             and
             dry
             on
             the
             contrary
             side
             (
             for
             a
             mean
             is
             best
             of
             all
             )
             it
             is
             far
             worse
             ,
             and
             nourisheth
             the
             body
             no
             more
             then
             a
             piece
             of
             unbuttered
             stockfish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Unsavory
             or
             unrelished
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Flashiness
             or
             insippidity
             (
             which
             some
             call
             a
             maukish
             or
             senseless
             taste
             )
             tasting
             just
             of
             nothing
             (
             as
             in
             water
             ,
             the
             white
             of
             an
             egg
             ,
             mellons
             ,
             pumpions
             ,
             and
             pears
             ,
             apples
             ,
             berries
             ,
             and
             plums
             of
             no
             relish
             )
             is
             of
             no
             taste
             ,
             but
             a
             deprivation
             or
             want
             of
             all
             other
             tastes
             besides
             ;
             which
             be
             
             it
             found
             in
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             dry
             (
             as
             in
             spices
             )
             or
             in
             things
             naturally
             moist
             (
             as
             in
             fish
             ,
             flesh
             ,
             or
             fruit
             )
             it
             alwaies
             argueth
             an
             ordinary
             weakness
             in
             nourishment
             ,
             howsoever
             extraordinarily
             (
             I
             will
             not
             say
             unnaturally
             )
             it
             may
             strongly
             nourish
             some
             .
             Avicen
             saith
             truly
             in
             his
             Canons
             ,
             
               Quod
               sapit
               ,
               nutrit
               :
               That
               which
               relisheth
               ,
               nourisheth
               :
            
             yet
             not
             
             so
             ,
             but
             that
             unsavory
             things
             nourish
             likewise
             ,
             though
             not
             abundantly
             nor
             speedily
             :
             for
             what
             is
             more
             unsavory
             then
             fresh
             water
             ,
             wherewith
             many
             fishes
             are
             only
             nourished
             ?
             what
             so
             void
             of
             relish
             as
             the
             white
             of
             an
             egg
             ?
             yet
             is
             it
             to
             aguish
             persons
             more
             nourishing
             then
             the
             yeolk
             ;
             yea
             and
             stockfish
             will
             engender
             as
             good
             humors
             in
             a
             rheumatick
             person
             ,
             as
             the
             best
             pigg
             or
             veal
             that
             can
             be
             brought
             him
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           VI.
           
        
         
           Of
           MEATS
           .
        
         
           How
           they
           differ
           in
           preparation
           ,
           age
           and
           sex
           .
        
         
           THe
           preparation
           of
           meats
           is
           threefold
           ,
           One
           before
           the
           killing
           or
           dressing
           of
           them
           ,
           another
           in
           the
           killing
           or
           dressing
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           after
           both
           .
           Of
           which
           art
           
             Timochides
             Rhodius
          
           wrote
           eleven
           books
           in
           verse
           ,
           and
           
             Numenius
             Heracletus
          
           (
           Scholler
           to
           Dieuches
           that
           
           learned
           Physician
           )
           and
           
             Pitaneus
             Parodus
          
           and
           
             Hegemon
             Thasius
          
           compiled
           also
           divers
           Treatises
           of
           that
           argument
           ;
           which
           either
           the
           teeth
           of
           time
           ,
           or
           stomack
           of
           envy
           having
           consumed
           ,
           I
           must
           write
           of
           this
           argument
           according
           to
           mine
           own
           knowledg
           and
           collections
           .
        
         
         
           Whether
           an
           iron
           Ladle
           hinders
           Peas
           and
           Rice
           from
           seething
           ?
           Whether
           roast
           meat
           be
           best
           ,
           and
           best
           tasted
           ,
           larded
           ,
           barded
           ,
           scorch'd
           or
           basted
           ?
           Beasts
           killed
           at
           one
           blow
           are
           tenderest
           and
           most
           wholsom
           .
           Why
           all
           broath
           is
           best
           hot
           ,
           all
           drink
           best
           cold
           .
           Some
           fish
           ,
           flesh
           ,
           and
           fruits
           never
           good
           but
           cold
           ;
           some
           never
           good
           when
           they
           are
           cold
           ;
           and
           yet
           we
           have
           all
           but
           one
           instrument
           of
           tasting
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             fatting
             of
             Meats
             .
          
           
             Lean
             meat
             as
             it
             is
             unwholsom
             ,
             so
             it
             seemed
             also
             unsavory
             
             in
             ancient
             times
             ;
             in
             so
             much
             that
             Q.
             Curtius
             being
             sewer
             at
             Caesars
             table
             ,
             seeing
             a
             dish
             of
             lean
             birds
             to
             be
             set
             at
             the
             table
             ,
             was
             not
             afraid
             to
             hurl
             them
             out
             at
             the
             window
             .
             Also
             the
             Priests
             of
             Israel
             ,
             yea
             the
             Heathen
             Priests
             also
             of
             Rome
             and
             Egypt
             touched
             no
             lean
             flesh
             ,
             
             because
             it
             is
             imperfect
             till
             it
             be
             fat
             ,
             fitter
             to
             feed
             hawks
             and
             vultures
             ,
             then
             either
             to
             be
             eaten
             of
             men
             ,
             or
             consumed
             in
             sacrifice
             to
             holy
             uses
             .
             Hereupon
             came
             a
             trial
             how
             to
             fatten
             flesh
             and
             fish
             (
             yea
             snails
             and
             tortesses
             ,
             as
             Macrobius
             
             writeth
             )
             by
             feeding
             them
             with
             filling
             and
             forced
             meats
             ;
             
             casting
             not
             only
             livers
             and
             garbage
             into
             fishponds
             ,
             but
             also
             their
             slaves
             to
             feed
             their
             pikes
             (
             as
             did
             
               Vidius
               Pollio
            
             )
             and
             to
             make
             them
             more
             fat
             and
             sweet
             then
             ordinary
             .
             Hence
             also
             came
             it
             that
             swine
             were
             fatned
             with
             whey
             and
             figgs
             ,
             and
             
             that
             
               Servilius
               Rullus
            
             devised
             how
             to
             make
             brawn
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Aegyptians
             invented
             the
             fatting
             of
             geese
             ,
             because
             
             it
             was
             ever
             one
             di●h
             at
             their
             Kings
             table
             .
             Amongst
             the
             Romans
             it
             was
             a
             question
             ,
             who
             first
             taught
             the
             art
             of
             fatning
             geese
             ;
             some
             imputing
             it
             to
             
               Scipio
               Metellus
            
             ,
             others
             to
             
               Marcus
               Sestius
            
             ;
             but
             without
             contradiction
             ,
             
               Marcus
               Aufidius
               Lucro
            
             taught
             first
             how
             to
             cram
             and
             fatten
             
             peacocks
             ,
             gaining
             by
             it
             threescore
             thousand
             sesterties
             ,
             which
             amounteth
             to
             3000000
             l.
             of
             our
             mony
             .
             Cranes
             and
             swans
             were
             fatted
             in
             Rome
             with
             ox-bloud
             ,
             milk
             ,
             oatmeal
             ,
             
             barley
             ,
             curds
             and
             chaulk
             mingled
             (
             to
             use
             Plutarch's
             
             phrase
             )
             into
             a
             monstrous
             meat
             ,
             wherewithall
             they
             were
             cram'd
             in
             dark
             places
             ▪
             or
             else
             their
             eyes
             were
             stitched
             up
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             their
             flesh
             proved
             both
             tenderer
             ,
             sweeter
             ,
             whiter
             ,
             and
             also
             (
             as
             it
             is
             supposed
             )
             far
             wholsomer
             .
             Hens
             ,
             capons
             ,
             and
             cockrels
             ,
             and
             tinches
             were
             fatned
             by
             them
             of
             Delia
             ,
             with
             bread
             steep'd
             in
             milk
             ,
             and
             feeding
             in
             a
             dark
             and
             narrow
             place
             ,
             that
             want
             of
             scope
             and
             light
             ,
             might
             cause
             them
             to
             sleep
             and
             sit
             much
             ,
             which
             of
             it self
             procureth
             fatness
             .
             In
             Varro's
             time
             men
             did
             not
             only
             fatten
             
             conies
             in
             clappers
             ,
             but
             also
             hares
             ,
             and
             made
             them
             (
             of
             a
             melancholick
             )
             a
             most
             white
             and
             pleasant
             meat
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             of
             Martial
             ,
             
               
                 Inter
                 aves
                 princeps
                 pinguis
                 (
                 me
                 judice
                 )
                 turdus
                 ,
              
               
                 Inter
                 quadrupedes
                 gloria
                 prima
                 lepus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Amongst
                 the
                 feathered
                 knights
                 ,
                 fat
                 thrushes
                 do
                 excel
                 ,
              
               
                 Amongst
                 four-footed
                 squires
                 ,
                 the
                 hare
                 deserves
                 the
                 bel
                 ,
              
            
          
           
             But
             here
             a
             question
             may
             be
             moved
             ,
             Whether
             this
             penning
             up
             of
             birds
             ,
             and
             want
             of
             exercise
             ,
             and
             depriving
             them
             of
             light
             ,
             and
             cramming
             them
             so
             often
             with
             strange
             meat
             ,
             makes
             not
             their
             flesh
             as
             unwholsom
             to
             us
             as
             wel
             as
             fat
             ?
             To
             which
             I
             answer
             ,
             that
             to
             cramb
             Capons
             ,
             or
             any
             bird
             ,
             and
             to
             deprive
             them
             of
             all
             light
             ,
             is
             ill
             for
             them
             and
             us
             too
             :
             for
             though
             their
             body
             be
             puffed
             up
             ,
             yet
             their
             flesh
             is
             not
             natural
             and
             wholsom
             ;
             witness
             their
             small
             discoloured
             and
             rotten
             livers
             ;
             whereas
             Hens
             and
             Capons
             feeding
             themselves
             in
             an
             open
             and
             clean
             place
             with
             good
             corn
             ,
             have
             large
             ,
             ruddy
             and
             firm
             livers
             .
             So
             great
             is
             the
             diversitie
             betwixt
             a
             cramm'd
             ,
             I
             may
             say
             a
             strangled
             ,
             and
             captive
             Capon
             ,
             and
             betwixt
             a
             gentleman
             Capon
             feeding
             himself
             fat
             without
             art
             .
             Wherefore
             the
             best
             fatning
             of
             all
             fowl
             ,
             is
             first
             to
             feed
             them
             with
             good
             meat
             (
             for
             like
             
             food
             ,
             like
             flesh
             .
             )
             Secondly
             ,
             to
             give
             it
             them
             not
             continually
             as
             crammers
             do
             ,
             forcing
             one
             gobbet
             after
             another
             till
             they
             be
             fully
             gorg'd
             ,
             but
             as
             often
             as
             they
             themselves
             desire
             it
             ,
             that
             nature
             be
             not
             urged
             above
             her
             strength
             ;
             not
             in
             a
             coope
             or
             close
             roome
             ,
             for
             then
             the
             aire
             and
             themselves
             will
             smell
             of
             their
             own
             dung
             ,
             but
             in
             a
             cleane
             house
             spacious
             enough
             for
             their
             little
             exercise
             ;
             not
             in
             a
             dark
             place
             ,
             or
             stitching
             up
             their
             eyes
             ,
             for
             that
             will
             cause
             them
             to
             be
             timerous
             ,
             or
             ever
             sleepy
             ;
             both
             which
             are
             enemies
             to
             their
             bodies
             ,
             and
             consequently
             to
             ours
             :
             for
             every
             man
             knows
             that
             fear
             marreth
             concoction
             ,
             and
             sleepiness
             bereaving
             us
             of
             exercise
             ,
             hindreth
             digestion
             .
             Yea
             young
             Pigeons
             whilst
             they
             are
             in
             the
             nest
             (
             be
             they
             never
             
             so
             fat
             )
             are
             reckoned
             but
             an
             unwholsom
             meat
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             follow
             and
             fly
             a
             little
             after
             the
             dam
             ,
             then
             are
             they
             of
             great
             and
             good
             nourishment
             .
             The
             like
             may
             be
             said
             of
             the
             fatting
             of
             beasts
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             not
             to
             be
             stied
             or
             stalled
             so
             close
             that
             they
             cannot
             stirr
             ,
             but
             to
             have
             sufficient
             room
             for
             to
             walk
             in
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             to
             feed
             in
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             be
             wholsom
             as
             well
             as
             fat
             ,
             and
             not
             corrupt
             our
             bodies
             with
             their
             own
             corruption
             .
             So
             likewise
             fish
             kept
             in
             great
             ponds
             where
             they
             may
             rove
             at
             pleasure
             ,
             are
             better
             then
             such
             as
             be
             mewed
             in
             a
             narrow
             and
             shallow
             ditch
             ;
             which
             not
             only
             we
             shall
             find
             by
             inward
             digestion
             ,
             but
             also
             by
             outward
             tasting
             ;
             yea
             look
             what
             difference
             there
             is
             betwixt
             tame
             and
             wild
             Conies
             ,
             betwixt
             Deer
             fed
             by
             hand
             ,
             and
             Deer
             fatning
             themselves
             in
             the
             Chase
             and
             Copses
             ,
             the
             like
             shall
             you
             perceive
             betwixt
             forced
             fatness
             ,
             and
             fatness
             gotten
             by
             natural
             and
             good
             diet
             .
          
           
             Another
             thing
             also
             is
             to
             be
             observed
             before
             the
             killing
             of
             any
             beast
             or
             bird
             ;
             namely
             ,
             how
             to
             make
             it
             tenderer
             if
             it
             be
             too
             old
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             make
             it
             of
             the
             best
             rellish
             :
             Patrocles
             affirmed
             ,
             that
             a
             Lion
             being
             shewed
             to
             a
             strong
             Bull
             three
             or
             four
             hours
             before
             he
             be
             killed
             ;
             causeth
             his
             flesh
             to
             
             be
             as
             tender
             as
             the
             flesh
             of
             a
             Steer
             :
             fear
             dissolving
             his
             hardest
             parts
             and
             making
             his
             very
             heart
             to
             become
             pulpy
             .
             Perhaps
             upon
             the
             like
             reason
             we
             use
             to
             bait
             our
             Bulls
             before
             we
             kill
             them
             :
             for
             their
             blood
             is
             otherwise
             so
             hard
             ,
             that
             none
             can
             digest
             it
             in
             the
             flesh
             ,
             but
             afterwards
             it
             is
             so
             far
             from
             being
             poisonable
             ,
             that
             it
             becometh
             tender
             and
             nourishing
             food
             .
             Perhaps
             also
             for
             this
             cause
             old
             Cocks
             are
             coursed
             with
             little
             wands
             from
             one
             another
             ,
             or
             else
             forced
             to
             fight
             with
             their
             betters
             before
             they
             are
             killed
             .
             Perhaps
             also
             for
             these
             causes
             ,
             so
             much
             filthy
             dung
             is
             brought
             from
             common
             lestals
             into
             great
             gardens
             ;
             namely
             to
             cause
             roots
             and
             herbs
             to
             be
             fatter
             and
             tenderer
             then
             they
             would
             be
             :
             which
             intent
             I
             do
             not
             disallow
             ,
             onely
             I
             wish
             that
             no
             other
             soil
             were
             used
             ,
             then
             what
             proceeded
             from
             the
             earth
             or
             from
             brute
             beasts
             .
             Concerning
             the
             manner
             of
             killing
             ,
             it
             is
             divers
             in
             divers
             Countries
             .
             The
             Grecians
             strangled
             their
             Swine
             ,
             and
             did
             eat
             them
             with
             their
             blood
             .
             The
             Romans
             thrust
             them
             through
             the
             body
             with
             a
             spit
             red
             hot
             ,
             whereby
             death
             ensuing
             without
             cooling
             and
             voiding
             of
             blood
             ,
             the
             flesh
             seemed
             far
             more
             sweet
             and
             tender
             .
             But
             if
             
             a
             sow
             were
             ready
             to
             farrow
             ,
             they
             trampled
             upon
             her
             belly
             ,
             bruising
             her
             pigs
             ,
             and
             the
             kernells
             of
             her
             dugs
             with
             the
             milk
             and
             blood
             ot
             once
             ,
             eating
             them
             for
             the
             most
             delicate
             meat
             ,
             as
             some
             delight
             in
             the
             bruse
             or
             pudding
             of
             the
             Deer
             .
             Plutarch
             also
             avoucheth
             ,
             that
             Sheep
             kill'd
             by
             Wolves
             ,
             
             Birds
             by
             Hawkes
             ,
             Geese
             by
             Foxes
             ,
             Hares
             or
             Deer
             by
             Greyhounds
             ,
             eate
             much
             sweeter
             ,
             kindlier
             ,
             and
             tenderer
             ,
             then
             if
             they
             be
             killed
             suddainly
             by
             sleight
             or
             violence
             .
             Yea
             I
             have
             heard
             of
             a
             Lady
             in
             England
             ,
             that
             let
             a
             score
             of
             Partridges
             be
             brought
             unto
             her
             ,
             some
             killed
             by
             the
             Hawkes
             ,
             others
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             Dogs
             ,
             others
             by
             men
             ,
             she
             will
             discern
             that
             which
             the
             Hawke
             killed
             at
             sowce
             from
             all
             the
             rest
             ,
             having
             tasted
             but
             one
             morsel
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             as
             there
             is
             a
             reason
             of
             cutting
             down
             wood
             
             for
             timber
             (
             namely
             in
             the
             prime
             of
             the
             Moon
             ,
             or
             about
             the
             last
             quarter
             )
             and
             a
             special
             good
             season
             of
             moulding
             
             bread
             ,
             and
             laying
             of
             leavens
             (
             this
             before
             the
             full
             of
             the
             Moon
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             full
             it self
             )
             so
             there
             is
             likewise
             a
             season
             to
             kill
             Beasts
             Birds
             and
             fishes
             ,
             and
             to
             eate
             the
             fruits
             of
             Gardens
             and
             Orchards
             .
             For
             experience
             teacheth
             that
             Hens
             are
             best
             in
             January
             ,
             eggs
             in
             February
             ,
             Lamb
             ,
             Kid
             ,
             Pigeons
             and
             Veal
             in
             March
             ,
             herbs
             in
             April
             ,
             Cockles
             in
             May
             ,
             Bucks
             and
             Salmon
             in
             June
             ,
             July
             ,
             and
             August
             ,
             Gurnards
             in
             September
             ;
             Oisters
             in
             all
             Months
             in
             whose
             name
             an
             R.
             is
             found
             ,
             Pork
             ,
             Bacon
             ,
             and
             Cabbage
             in
             frosty
             weather
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Nay
             further
             it
             's
             to
             be
             considered
             ,
             whether
             a
             Deer
             be
             stricken
             stone
             dead
             at
             a
             blow
             ,
             though
             he
             be
             in
             season
             ,
             or
             suffered
             to
             dye
             languishing
             upon
             his
             hurt
             ;
             for
             his
             skin
             be
             it
             never
             so
             well
             drest
             ,
             will
             soon
             shed
             his
             haire
             and
             wax
             worm-eaten
             if
             it
             languish
             ,
             whereas
             as
             otherwise
             it
             will
             hardly
             corrupt
             at
             all
             in
             a
             long
             season
             :
             wherefore
             no
             other
             reason
             can
             be
             given
             ,
             then
             that
             by
             the
             one
             way
             natural
             heat
             is
             inwardly
             restrained
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             other
             way
             of
             killing
             outwardly
             expired
             .
             So
             likewise
             there
             are
             seasons
             for
             gathering
             of
             fruit
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             floures
             ,
             seeds
             ,
             and
             roots
             ,
             which
             whosoever
             observed
             not
             carefully
             and
             diligently
             ,
             he
             may
             seeth
             bones
             for
             flesh
             and
             (
             to
             speake
             more
             properly
             )
             stalks
             for
             lettice
             .
             For
             all
             things
             have
             their
             several
             times
             ,
             and
             there
             
             is
             a
             season
             for
             each
             purpose
             under
             heaven
             .
             A
             time
             to
             plant
             ,
             and
             a
             time
             to
             pluck
             up
             ;
             a
             time
             to
             kill
             ,
             and
             a
             time
             to
             preserve
             .
             The
             last
             preparation
             is
             after
             the
             killing
             of
             sensible
             creatures
             ,
             or
             the
             gathering
             of
             the
             which
             are
             onely
             vegetable
             :
             all
             which
             preparations
             are
             divided
             into
             five
             principal
             actions
             ,
             garbelling
             ,
             boiling
             ,
             rosting
             ,
             baking
             ,
             and
             frying
             .
             Garbelling
             is
             a
             taking
             away
             of
             all
             things
             from
             any
             creatures
             ,
             which
             are
             counted
             either
             hurtful
             or
             unnecessary
             :
             as
             the
             flaying
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             pulling
             ,
             and
             scaling
             of
             fouls
             ,
             garbaging
             of
             all
             things
             that
             have
             corruption
             in
             their
             bellies
             ,
             
             voiding
             of
             piths
             ,
             cores
             ,
             rinds
             ,
             and
             stones
             in
             roots
             ,
             apples
             ,
             
             and
             plums
             ,
             &c.
             
             For
             albeit
             the
             first
             cooks
             were
             so
             unskilful
             ,
             that
             they
             roasted
             Oxen
             skin
             and
             all
             ,
             yet
             reason
             after
             taught
             them
             to
             reject
             the
             outwards
             ,
             as
             they
             had
             upon
             just
             cause
             emptied
             the
             inwards
             .
             The
             other
             four
             preparations
             are
             so
             necessary
             ,
             as
             that
             all
             things
             in
             a
             manner
             are
             subject
             to
             them
             .
             What
             is
             raw
             flesh
             till
             it
             be
             prepared
             ,
             but
             an
             imperfect
             lump
             ?
             for
             it
             is
             neither
             the
             beast
             it
             was
             ,
             nor
             the
             meat
             it
             should
             be
             ,
             till
             boiling
             ,
             roasting
             ,
             bakeing
             ,
             or
             broiling
             ,
             hath
             made
             it
             fit
             to
             be
             eaten
             of
             men
             .
             Diocles
             being
             asked
             whether
             were
             the
             best
             fish
             ,
             a
             Pike
             or
             a
             Conger
             :
             that
             saith
             he
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             sodden
             ;
             this
             if
             it
             be
             broild
             ;
             but
             none
             
             better
             then
             another
             if
             they
             were
             raw
             :
             onely
             Oisters
             of
             all
             fish
             are
             good
             raw
             (
             yet
             he
             was
             no
             Coward
             that
             first
             ventered
             
             on
             them
             )
             being
             called
             of
             Athenaeus
             the
             Prologue
             of
             feast
             ,
             because
             ever
             (
             as
             we
             use
             them
             )
             they
             were
             eaten
             formost
             .
             Other
             fish
             being
             eaten
             raw
             ,
             is
             harder
             of
             digestion
             then
             raw
             beife
             :
             for
             Diogenes
             died
             with
             eating
             of
             raw
             
             fish
             ,
             and
             Wolmer
             (
             our
             English
             Pandereus
             )
             digesting
             iron
             glass
             and
             oister
             shells
             ,
             by
             eating
             a
             raw
             Eele
             was
             overmastered
             .
             Nay
             the
             Icthyophagi
             themselves
             feeding
             only
             on
             fish
             ,
             do
             first
             either
             roast
             them
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             or
             prepare
             them
             with
             fire
             before
             they
             eat
             them
             ;
             having
             stomacks
             far
             hotter
             then
             ours
             ,
             and
             consequently
             more
             proper
             to
             digest
             them
             .
             As
             for
             raw
             flesh
             (
             besides
             Butchers
             ,
             Cooks
             ,
             Poulterers
             ,
             Slaughter
             men
             ,
             and
             Canibals
             )
             who
             dare
             almost
             touch
             it
             with
             their
             fingers
             ?
             much
             less
             dare
             any
             grind
             it
             with
             their
             teeth
             ,
             no
             not
             that
             Egyptian
             ,
             who
             was
             Neroes
             gourman
             .
             
          
           
             Now
             as
             Galen
             saith
             of
             Chesnuts
             ,
             that
             being
             roasted
             in
             embers
             ,
             they
             are
             sweet
             and
             drying
             ,
             being
             sodden
             in
             broth
             they
             are
             sweet
             and
             moistning
             ;
             being
             roasted
             with
             their
             husk
             they
             eate
             delicately
             ,
             being
             roasted
             without
             their
             husk
             they
             eate
             ranck
             and
             sourish
             ,
             being
             sodden
             without
             their
             huske
             they
             prove
             unsavoury
             :
             so
             may
             I
             say
             of
             all
             other
             
             meats
             whatsoever
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             the
             kind
             of
             preparation
             ,
             they
             either
             keep
             relinquish
             or
             alter
             their
             propriety
             .
             If
             hereupon
             you
             aske
             me
             what
             meats
             is
             best
             boild
             ,
             and
             what
             roasted
             I
             answer
             that
             flashy
             meats
             &
             naturally
             moist
             should
             be
             drest
             with
             a
             dry
             heat
             (
             as
             in
             baking
             ,
             broiling
             ,
             frying
             ,
             and
             rosting
             )
             and
             meats
             naturally
             exceeding
             in
             driness
             and
             firmness
             should
             ever
             be
             boyled
             .
             Temperate
             meats
             may
             be
             used
             any
             way
             ,
             so
             they
             be
             not
             abused
             by
             miscookery
             ,
             which
             even
             Diocles
             knew
             many
             years
             ago
             ,
             saying
             (
             as
             before
             I
             noted
             out
             of
             Athenaeus
             )
             that
             a
             Pike
             is
             best
             when
             he
             is
             boild
             ,
             and
             a
             conger
             when
             he
             is
             broild
             ;
             because
             that
             is
             a
             firm
             and
             solid
             fish
             ,
             this
             of
             a
             moist
             soft
             and
             eely
             substance
             .
             But
             forasmuch
             as
             in
             my
             particular
             discourses
             of
             severall
             meats
             ,
             I
             purpose
             to
             touch
             their
             best
             preparing
             ,
             I
             will
             surcease
             to
             speak
             any
             more
             generally
             of
             the
             dressing
             of
             meats
             ,
             either
             before
             they
             are
             bereaved
             of
             life
             ,
             or
             in
             or
             after
             their
             death
             :
             onely
             this
             I
             conclude
             ,
             that
             who
             seeth
             not
             a
             great
             difference
             betwixt
             meats
             kill'd
             in
             season
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             season
             ,
             betwixt
             raw
             meat
             and
             parboild
             ,
             betwixt
             fri'd
             meats
             and
             bak't
             meats
             ,
             spiced
             and
             unspiced
             ,
             salt
             and
             fresh
             ;
             betwixt
             asparagus
             once
             washt
             and
             twice
             washt
             ,
             betwixt
             cabbages
             once
             and
             twice
             sod
             ,
             &c.
             is
             in
             my
             judgement
             deprived
             of
             his
             wits
             ,
             or
             else
             over-wedded
             to
             his
             will.
             For
             who
             is
             ignorant
             that
             cabbages
             once
             sod
             loosen
             the
             belly
             ,
             but
             twice
             sod
             (
             I
             mean
             in
             several
             waters
             )
             procure
             most
             dangerous
             and
             great
             costiveness
             ?
             
             who
             knoweth
             not
             (
             as
             Galen
             affirmeth
             )
             that
             Asparagus
             often
             washed
             is
             a
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             otherwise
             so
             bitter
             that
             it
             wholly
             purgeth
             ?
             what
             stomack
             of
             any
             such
             dulness
             ,
             that
             being
             overmoist
             it
             confesses
             not
             amendment
             after
             the
             use
             of
             spiced
             ,
             salted
             ,
             baked
             ,
             and
             dry
             rosted
             meats
             ;
             and
             contrariwise
             complaineth
             of
             hurt
             by
             fresh
             liquid
             sodden
             and
             unsavory
             meats
             ?
          
        
         
           
             The
             difference
             of
             meats
             in
             age
             and
             sex
             .
          
           
             6
             Last
             of
             all
             meats
             differ
             in
             age
             and
             sex
             ,
             for
             the
             flesh
             
             of
             sucklings
             is
             moistest
             ,
             most
             slippery
             excremental
             and
             viscous
             ;
             the
             flesh
             of
             old
             beasts
             are
             tough
             ,
             lean
             ,
             hard
             ,
             dry
             ,
             and
             melancholick
             :
             Wainelings
             less
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             dry
             then
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             withall
             more
             firm
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             then
             the
             other
             .
             But
             generally
             they
             are
             best
             for
             most
             complexions
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             almost
             come
             to
             their
             full
             growth
             both
             in
             height
             ,
             length
             ,
             and
             bigness
             :
             for
             then
             as
             their
             temper
             is
             best
             so
             likewise
             their
             substance
             is
             most
             proportionable
             to
             our
             natural
             moisture
             ,
             which
             is
             neither
             so
             hard
             that
             it
             is
             unchangeable
             ,
             nor
             so
             thin
             and
             liquid
             that
             it
             is
             over
             easily
             disolved
             .
             Concerning
             the
             difference
             of
             meats
             in
             sex
             ,
             the
             males
             of
             beasts
             ,
             fish
             ,
             and
             foul
             are
             more
             strong
             ,
             dry
             ,
             and
             heavy
             of
             digestion
             ,
             the
             females
             sweeter
             ,
             moister
             ,
             and
             and
             easier
             to
             be
             concocted
             :
             but
             gelt
             beasts
             ,
             kerned
             foules
             ,
             and
             barren
             fish
             ,
             are
             counted
             of
             a
             middle
             and
             better
             nature
             then
             them
             ;
             as
             an
             Oxe
             amongst
             beasts
             ,
             a
             Capon
             amongst
             birds
             ,
             &
             a
             Pike
             wounded
             in
             the
             belly
             can
             well
             testifie
             ;
             who
             therefore
             being
             unable
             to
             conceive
             again
             ,
             fatten
             abundantly
             ,
             (
             as
             experience
             dayly
             sheweth
             in
             our
             London
             fishponds
             )
             and
             becometh
             a
             most
             delicate
             meat
             .
             Now
             are
             we
             come
             to
             the
             particular
             natures
             of
             every
             meat
             ,
             and
             first
             to
             them
             which
             are
             called
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Flesh
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VII
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             How
             many
             sorts
             of
             flesh
             there
             be
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Whether
             flesh
             or
             fish
             were
             first
             eaten
             of
             ,
             and
             whether
             of
             them
             is
             the
             purest
             and
             bestnourishment
             .
          
        
         
           IT
           will
           seem
           strange
           perhaps
           unto
           some
           ,
           that
           they
           begin
           first
           to
           treat
           of
           flesh
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           the
           last
           foods
           appointed
           unto
           mankind
           by
           the
           voice
           of
           God.
           For
           (
           as
           before
           I
           touched
           )
           till
           2240
           years
           after
           the
           floud
           ,
           we
           read
           of
           no
           flesh
           eaten
           or
           permitted
           to
           be
           eaten
           of
           any
           man.
           Neither
           indeed
           was
           it
           needful
           whilst
           hearbs
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           and
           grain
           ,
           were
           void
           of
           that
           putrifying
           moisture
           ,
           whereto
           ever
           since
           the
           floud
           they
           are
           subject
           ,
           and
           whilst
           mens
           stomacks
           were
           so
           strong
           and
           perfit
           ,
           that
           in
           a
           manner
           no
           meat
           could
           overthrow
           them
           :
           aud
           verily
           were
           the
           Sun
           of
           such
           power
           with
           us
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           Southern
           Countries
           towards
           the
           Aequator
           ,
           to
           ripen
           our
           fruits
           throughly
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           them
           as
           it
           were
           upon
           the
           Tree
           ;
           no
           doubt
           being
           freed
           from
           their
           crudities
           and
           superfluous
           moisture
           ,
           they
           would
           give
           as
           good
           nourishment
           unto
           us
           (
           and
           perhaps
           far
           better
           )
           then
           any
           flesh
           .
           But
           now
           our
           complexions
           waxing
           weaker
           and
           weaker
           through
           abundance
           of
           sin
           and
           riot
           ,
           and
           our
           climate
           being
           unapt
           for
           wholesome
           and
           much
           nourishing
           fruits
           ,
           let
           us
           give
           God
           thangs
           for
           storing
           us
           with
           flesh
           above
           all
           other
           Nations
           ,
           making
           our
           Shambles
           the
           wonder
           of
           Europe
           ,
           yea
           verily
           rather
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           .
           Now
           all
           the
           flesh
           we
           have
           is
           taken
           either
           from
           beasts
           ,
           or
           birds
           ,
           or
           things
           creeping
           upon
           the
           ground
           .
        
         
           
           
             The
             difference
             of
             flesh
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               first
               sort
               some
               are
               tame
               ,
               as
            
             the
             Bull
             ,
             cow
             ,
             oxe
             ,
             and
             calfe
             ;
             thc
             ram
             ,
             ewe
             ,
             weather
             ,
             and
             lamb
             ,
             the
             he-goat
             ,
             she-goat
             ▪
             geled
             goat
             ,
             and
             kid
             ,
             the
             bore
             ,
             sowe
             ,
             hog
             ,
             and
             pig
             :
             
               Others
               wild
            
             ,
             as
             Venison
             ,
             red
             and
             fallow
             ,
             wild
             bore
             ,
             roebucks
             ,
             hares
             ,
             connies
             ,
             hedg-hogs
             ,
             and
             squirrels
             .
          
           
             
               Amongst
               tame
               Birds
               these
               are
               most
               familiar
               unto
               us
               :
            
             Cock
             ,
             hen
             ,
             capon
             ,
             chicken
             ,
             turky
             ,
             peacock
             ,
             goose
             ,
             guiny-hens
             ,
             duck
             ,
             and
             pigeon
             :
             
               amongst
               wild
               foul
               some
               keep
               and
               feed
               chiefly
               upon
               the
               land
               ,
               as
            
             Bystard
             ,
             crane
             ,
             heronshaws
             ,
             byttors
             ,
             stork
             ,
             Pbeasant
             ,
             Heathcock
             ,
             partridge
             ,
             plover
             ,
             lapwing
             ,
             cuckoe
             ,
             pye
             ,
             crows
             ,
             woodcocks
             ,
             rails
             ,
             red
             shanks
             ,
             gluts
             ,
             woodsnites
             ,
             Godwits
             ,
             smirings
             turtles
             ,
             stockdoves
             ,
             rock-doves
             ,
             ringdoves
             ,
             jayes
             ,
             wood
             peckers
             ,
             stonechatters
             ,
             thrushes
             ,
             mavis
             ,
             feldefares
             ,
             blackbirds
             ,
             stares
             ,
             quailes
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             little
             birds
             ;
             as
             sparrows
             ,
             reed
             sparrows
             ,
             larks
             ,
             bulfinches
             ,
             goldfinches
             ,
             thistlefinches
             ,
             citron-finches
             ,
             bramblings
             ,
             linnets
             ,
             nightingales
             ,
             buntings
             ,
             wagtailes
             ,
             robin-redbreasts
             ,
             wrens
             ,
             witrolles
             ,
             siskins
             ,
             oxeys
             ,
             creepers
             ,
             titmise
             ,
             titlings
             ,
             swallow
             ,
             and
             martlets
             .
             
               Others
               live
               in
               or
               upon
               the
               water
               ,
               ,
            
             as
             Swan
             ,
             Bergander
             ,
             Barnicle
             ,
             wildgeese
             ,
             wild-duck
             ,
             Teal
             ,
             widgin
             ,
             fly-duck
             ,
             shovelars
             ,
             cormorant
             ,
             curtues
             ,
             gulls
             ,
             black-gulls
             ,
             seamewes
             ,
             cootes
             ,
             water
             railes
             ,
             sea-pies
             ,
             pufins
             ,
             pivers
             ,
             shell
             drakes
             ,
             moor-cocks
             ,
             and
             moorehens
             ,
             dobchicks
             ,
             Water
             Crows
             kingsfishers
             ,
             water-snits
             .
          
           
             Of
             creeping
             things
             I
             know
             none
             but
             the
             snail
             in
             our
             Country
             ,
             which
             some
             esteem
             not
             only
             for
             a
             meat
             ,
             but
             also
             for
             a
             meat
             very
             restorative
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             the
             kinds
             of
             flesh
             .
             Now
             let
             us
             come
             (
             for
             recreations
             sake
             )
             to
             the
             comparison
             betwixt
             Flesh
             and
             Fish
             ;
             which
             of
             them
             is
             the
             more
             ancient
             ,
             pure
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             meat
             for
             mans
             body
             ;
             whereat
             perhaps
             both
             Butchers
             and
             Fish
             
             mongers
             will
             be
             much
             pleased
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             no
             less
             of
             fended
             :
             but
             I
             will
             write
             what
             I
             have
             read
             ,
             and
             leave
             
             the
             determination
             to
             others
             that
             can
             better
             judge
             .
          
        
         
           
             Whether
             flesh
             or
             fish
             be
             the
             more
             ancient
             ,
             pure
             ,
             and
             wholsom
             meat
             .
          
           
             The
             Charter-Monks
             to
             the
             preferring
             of
             fish
             before
             flesh
             ,
             use
             especially
             these
             arguments
             :
             First
             ,
             That
             Christ
             did
             feed
             most
             upon
             it
             ;
             for
             we
             never
             read
             but
             once
             that
             he
             did
             eat
             flesh
             ;
             but
             that
             he
             did
             often
             eat
             fish
             it
             is
             proved
             
             by
             many
             places
             ,
             namely
             ,
             Mat.
             15.
             
             Luc.
             5.
             9.
             
             Mar.
             6.
             8.
             
             John
             6.
             
             Furthermore
             he
             restrained
             by
             name
             no
             kind
             of
             fish
             from
             the
             Israelites
             ,
             but
             divers
             kinds
             of
             flesh
             ;
             which
             sheweth
             that
             fish
             is
             the
             cleaner
             ,
             purer
             ,
             and
             more
             holy
             meat
             :
             for
             the
             action
             of
             Christ
             should
             be
             our
             instruction
             ,
             and
             his
             works
             our
             imitation
             .
             Thus
             much
             said
             Baldwin
             Arch-Bishop
             of
             Canterbury
             ,
             of
             whom
             Rainulphres
             writeth
             this
             story
             .
             When
             Baldwin
             was
             chosen
             
             Arch-Bishop
             of
             Canterbury
             ,
             he
             sware
             that
             from
             the
             time
             of
             his
             enstallment
             ,
             to
             his
             dying
             day
             ,
             he
             would
             never
             eat
             flesh
             :
             whereby
             his
             body
             so
             decayed
             ,
             that
             he
             fell
             into
             a
             consumption
             :
             An
             old
             woman
             meeting
             him
             on
             the
             way
             as
             he
             was
             carried
             in
             an
             open
             Horselitter
             ,
             called
             him
             liar
             to
             his
             face
             :
             whereof
             being
             reproved
             by
             some
             of
             his
             followers
             ,
             Why
             (
             said
             she
             )
             do
             you
             rebuke
             me
             ?
             doth
             he
             not
             lie
             ,
             for
             saying
             that
             he
             never
             ate
             flesh
             since
             his
             enstallment
             ,
             when
             his
             face
             sheweth
             that
             he
             surpassed
             the
             savages
             in
             eating
             his
             own
             flesh
             ?
             For
             indeed
             by
             superstitious
             observing
             of
             his
             vow
             ,
             he
             became
             an
             anatomie
             ,
             and
             lived
             as
             a
             cypher
             amongst
             men
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             answer
             the
             Carthusians
             arguments
             ,
             I
             say
             this
             ;
             That
             Christ
             in
             the
             places
             of
             Scripture
             cited
             before
             ,
             asked
             his
             Disciples
             what
             meat
             they
             had
             ?
             and
             they
             answered
             ,
             None
             but
             a
             few
             loaves
             and
             a
             few
             fishes
             ;
             wherewith
             he
             satisfied
             himself
             and
             his
             Disciples
             ,
             and
             above
             five
             thousand
             persons
             at
             one
             time
             :
             Neither
             is
             it
             to
             be
             doubted
             if
             they
             had
             had
             flesh
             ,
             but
             he
             would
             have
             fed
             the
             people
             
             with
             that
             :
             For
             it
             was
             his
             property
             (
             which
             every
             man
             ought
             to
             follow
             )
             to
             eat
             with
             thanksgiving
             of
             that
             which
             was
             set
             before
             him
             ,
             were
             it
             flesh
             or
             fish
             ;
             as
             no
             doubt
             he
             did
             at
             the
             marriage
             in
             Canan
             ,
             in
             Lazarus
             his
             house
             ,
             and
             the
             house
             of
             Zacheus
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             feast
             of
             the
             passeover
             ,
             which
             albeit
             (
             for
             ought
             we
             read
             )
             he
             did
             but
             once
             celebrate
             ,
             yet
             reason
             and
             Religion
             teacheth
             us
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             the
             commandment
             of
             God
             ,
             he
             did
             every
             year
             celebrate
             it
             before
             ,
             since
             the
             time
             of
             his
             childhood
             ;
             else
             
             the
             Jews
             would
             have
             accused
             him
             as
             a
             transgresser
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             by
             justice
             have
             cut
             him
             off
             from
             amongst
             the
             people
             :
             but
             as
             he
             submitted
             himself
             to
             circumcision
             (
             being
             then
             one
             of
             the
             Sacraments
             of
             the
             Church
             )
             so
             questionless
             after
             the
             years
             of
             discretion
             ,
             he
             did
             yearly
             eat
             of
             the
             pascal
             lamb
             (
             for
             he
             came
             not
             to
             break
             any
             Law
             given
             by
             Moses
             ,
             but
             to
             fulfill
             it
             )
             which
             cannot
             be
             fewer
             then
             five
             or
             six
             and
             twenty
             times
             at
             the
             least
             .
             As
             for
             the
             other
             argument
             taken
             from
             the
             restraining
             of
             certain
             beasts
             and
             birds
             by
             name
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             fish
             by
             name
             is
             there
             forbidden
             :
             Saving
             Baldwin
             his
             graces
             reverence
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             very
             lie
             :
             For
             when
             God
             generally
             forbiddeth
             the
             Israelites
             to
             eat
             of
             any
             fish
             ,
             that
             wanteth
             either
             fins
             (
             as
             
             the
             Poulpe
             ,
             Periwinkles
             ,
             Lobsters
             ,
             and
             Crabs
             )
             or
             scales
             (
             as
             the
             Eele
             ,
             Lamprey
             ,
             Plaise
             ,
             Turbot
             ,
             and
             Conger
             ,
             &c.
             )
             doth
             he
             not
             expresly
             forbid
             them
             to
             eat
             of
             Poulps
             ,
             Periwinkles
             ,
             Lobsters
             ,
             Crabs
             ,
             Eeles
             ,
             Lampres
             ,
             Plaise
             ,
             Turbot
             ,
             and
             Conger
             ,
             and
             a
             hundred
             fish
             more
             wanting
             either
             scales
             or
             fins
             ?
             Fish
             is
             therefore
             no
             purer
             meat
             then
             flesh
             ,
             neither
             can
             a
             Carthusian
             eat
             a
             Sole
             (
             being
             a
             meat
             forbidden
             the
             Israelites
             )
             with
             a
             sounder
             conscience
             then
             a
             piece
             of
             Bief
             or
             Swines
             flesh
             .
          
           
             Finally
             ,
             where
             he
             saith
             that
             the
             actions
             of
             Christ
             should
             be
             our
             instruction
             ,
             and
             his
             works
             our
             imitation
             :
             Why
             do
             not
             those
             fishy
             Friars
             eat
             flesh
             every
             Maundy
             Thursday
             ,
             
             sith
             Christ
             himself
             did
             so
             ,
             whom
             we
             ought
             to
             imitate
             ?
             But
             let
             these
             alone
             to
             the
             conformity
             of
             their
             
             Church
             injunction
             ,
             remembring
             also
             with
             St.
             Paul
             ,
             to
             abstain
             from
             no
             meats
             which
             God
             hath
             created
             for
             our
             life
             and
             health
             .
          
           
             
             It
             is
             recorded
             by
             St.
             Jerom
             in
             his
             Epistles
             ,
             that
             Seneca
             upon
             a
             foolish
             conceit
             abstained
             so
             long
             from
             flesh
             ,
             and
             fed
             only
             upon
             fruit
             and
             fish
             (
             infected
             perhaps
             with
             the
             leaven
             of
             the
             Egyptian
             Priests
             )
             that
             when
             upon
             Neroes
             commandment
             he
             was
             to
             bleed
             to
             death
             ,
             there
             did
             not
             spring
             from
             him
             a
             drop
             of
             bloud
             .
             The
             like
             is
             written
             of
             
             St.
             Genovese
             ,
             the
             holy
             Maid
             of
             Paris
             ,
             who
             (
             like
             the
             Egyptian
             Prophetess
             )
             abstained
             wholly
             from
             flesh
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             the
             mother
             of
             lust
             :
             she
             would
             eat
             no
             milk
             ,
             
             because
             it
             is
             white
             bloud
             ;
             she
             would
             eat
             no
             eggs
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             nothing
             but
             liquid
             flesh
             :
             Thus
             pining
             and
             consuming
             her
             body
             both
             against
             nature
             and
             godliness
             ,
             she
             lived
             in
             a
             foolish
             error
             ,
             thinking
             flesh
             more
             ready
             to
             inflame
             lust
             ,
             then
             fruit
             or
             fish
             ,
             the
             contrary
             whereof
             is
             proved
             by
             the
             Islanders
             ,
             Groenlanders
             ,
             Orites
             ,
             
             and
             other
             Nations
             ;
             who
             feeding
             upon
             nothing
             but
             fish
             (
             for
             no
             beast
             nor
             fruit
             can
             live
             there
             for
             cold
             )
             yea
             having
             no
             other
             bread
             then
             is
             made
             of
             dried
             Stockfish
             grinded
             into
             powder
             ,
             are
             nevertheless
             both
             exceeding
             lecherous
             ,
             and
             also
             their
             women
             very
             fruitfull
             .
             Yea
             Venus
             the
             mother
             of
             lust
             and
             lechery
             is
             said
             to
             have
             
             sprung
             from
             the
             fome
             of
             fish
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             been
             born
             in
             the
             Sea
             ,
             because
             nothing
             is
             more
             availeable
             to
             engender
             ust
             ,
             then
             the
             eating
             of
             certain
             fishes
             and
             sea-plants
             ,
             which
             I
             had
             rather
             in
             this
             lascivious
             age
             to
             conceal
             from
             posterity
             ,
             then
             to
             specifie
             them
             unto
             my
             Countrymen
             ,
             as
             the
             Grecians
             and
             Arabians
             have
             done
             to
             theirs
             .
             What
             Nation
             more
             lascivious
             then
             the
             fenny
             Egyptians
             ,
             and
             the
             Poeonians
             ?
             yet
             their
             meat
             was
             only
             fish
             ,
             yea
             they
             fed
             
             their
             horses
             with
             them
             ,
             as
             Herodotus
             writeth
             .
             Also
             in
             
             the
             Isle
             of
             Rhodes
             ,
             the
             Mother-seat
             of
             a
             strong
             and
             Warlike
             Nation
             ,
             the
             people
             heretofore
             fed
             chiefly
             of
             fish
             ,
             abhorring
             with
             such
             a
             kind
             of
             detestation
             from
             flesh
             ,
             that
             
             they
             called
             the
             eaters
             of
             it
             savages
             and
             bellies
             .
             And
             verily
             if
             a
             strong
             ,
             lusty
             ,
             and
             Warlike
             Nation
             sprang
             from
             the
             eaters
             of
             fish
             alone
             ,
             why
             should
             we
             deny
             ,
             that
             fish
             is
             as
             much
             provoking
             to
             venery
             ,
             as
             any
             flesh
             .
             So
             then
             ,
             I
             having
             fully
             proved
             that
             flesh
             is
             as
             lawfull
             ,
             as
             pure
             ,
             and
             as
             holy
             a
             meat
             as
             fish
             ;
             Now
             let
             us
             try
             which
             of
             them
             is
             the
             more
             ancient
             and
             best
             nourishment
          
           
             
             Did
             we
             but
             mark
             (
             saith
             Plutarch
             )
             the
             greasie
             fowlness
             of
             Butchers
             ,
             the
             bloudy
             fingers
             of
             Cooks
             ,
             and
             the
             smell
             of
             every
             beasts
             puddings
             and
             offal
             :
             we
             must
             needs
             confess
             ,
             that
             first
             every
             thing
             was
             eaten
             before
             flesh
             ,
             which
             even
             still
             we
             naturally
             abhor
             to
             see
             whilst
             it
             is
             in
             killing
             ,
             and
             few
             touch
             without
             loathing
             when
             it
             is
             killed
             .
             The
             Indian
             Philosophers
             .
             called
             Brachmanes
             ,
             being
             at
             length
             induced
             to
             feed
             upon
             living
             creatures
             ,
             killed
             fish
             for
             their
             sustenance
             ,
             but
             abhorred
             from
             flesh
             .
             And
             though
             
             the
             Babylonians
             delighted
             much
             after
             Nimrods
             example
             ,
             in
             hunting
             and
             killing
             of
             wild
             beasts
             ,
             yet
             (
             as
             Herodotus
             
             reporteth
             )
             they
             abstained
             from
             flesh
             ,
             and
             lived
             wholly
             upon
             fruit
             and
             fish
             .
          
           
             For
             answer
             of
             which
             Objections
             ,
             I
             oppose
             to
             the
             
               Babylonians
               ,
               Abraham
            
             and
             the
             holy
             Scriptures
             ;
             which
             making
             mention
             of
             a
             Calf
             drest
             and
             eaten
             in
             Abrahams
             house
             ,
             before
             ever
             any
             mention
             is
             made
             of
             eating
             of
             fish
             ;
             it
             is
             very
             probable
             that
             flesh
             was
             foremost
             ,
             after
             the
             general
             permission
             to
             eat
             both
             .
             To
             the
             Indian
             Sophisters
             
             I
             oppose
             Pythagoras
             and
             his
             Schollars
             ,
             who
             being
             
             perswaded
             at
             the
             length
             to
             eat
             of
             certain
             beasts
             and
             birds
             ,
             utterly
             yet
             abstained
             from
             eating
             of
             flesh
             ,
             perhaps
             
             upon
             these
             causes
             .
             First
             because
             it
             is
             a
             cruel
             and
             unmanlike
             
             thing
             ,
             to
             kill
             those
             creatures
             which
             cannot
             possibly
             hurt
             the
             inhabitants
             of
             the
             earth
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             what
             necessity
             is
             there
             to
             use
             them
             ,
             Nature
             having
             replenished
             the
             earth
             with
             fruit
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             grain
             ,
             beasts
             also
             ,
             and
             birds
             of
             all
             sorts
             ?
             Thirdly
             ,
             Had
             fish
             been
             eaten
             first
             ,
             no
             doubt
             it
             had
             been
             first
             eaten
             of
             the
             Islanders
             and
             Sea-borderers
             ;
             
             but
             neither
             the
             inhabitants
             of
             Hellespont
             ,
             nor
             the
             Islanders
             of
             Phoeacum
             ,
             nor
             the
             Wooers
             of
             Penelope
             (
             bringing
             all
             manner
             of
             dainties
             to
             their
             feasts
             )
             are
             ever
             read
             in
             Homer
             to
             have
             brought
             or
             eaten
             fish
             .
             No
             nor
             Ulysses
             his
             companions
             are
             recorded
             to
             have
             made
             their
             Sea-provision
             of
             fish
             ,
             but
             of
             flesh
             ,
             fruit
             ,
             salt
             ,
             and
             meal
             ;
             neither
             used
             they
             any
             hook
             to
             catch
             fish
             withall
             ,
             till
             they
             were
             almost
             famished
             for
             want
             of
             victual
             (
             as
             you
             may
             read
             at
             large
             in
             Homer
             his
             Ulysses
             )
             which
             is
             a
             manifest
             argument
             ,
             That
             fish
             was
             not
             used
             (
             or
             at
             the
             least
             not
             eaten
             of
             )
             till
             men
             were
             unfurnished
             of
             other
             meats
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             whereas
             Plutarch
             objecteth
             how
             loathsom
             a
             thing
             it
             is
             to
             see
             Butchers
             and
             Cooks
             sprinkled
             with
             bloud
             in
             killing
             and
             dressing
             flesh
             .
             I
             answer
             him
             ,
             That
             the
             sight
             is
             not
             so
             loathsom
             to
             nature
             ,
             but
             to
             niceness
             and
             conceit
             .
             For
             what
             God
             permits
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             nature
             permits
             to
             dress
             and
             kill
             ;
             neither
             rebelleth
             she
             more
             at
             the
             death
             of
             an
             Ox
             ,
             then
             at
             the
             cutting
             down
             of
             hay
             or
             corn
             .
             Nay
             furthermore
             ,
             sith
             all
             was
             made
             for
             mans
             use
             ,
             and
             man
             for
             God
             ,
             she
             giveth
             us
             liberty
             to
             kill
             all
             things
             that
             may
             make
             for
             the
             maintenance
             of
             our
             life
             ,
             or
             preservation
             and
             restoring
             of
             our
             health
             .
             Hippocrates
             most
             wittily
             having
             shewed
             ,
             that
             some
             men
             are
             deceitful
             by
             nature
             ,
             and
             that
             therefore
             nature
             taught
             them
             the
             art
             of
             making
             Dice
             (
             the
             instruments
             of
             deceit
             )
             he
             sheweth
             consequently
             ,
             that
             because
             nature
             is
             provident
             for
             mens
             health
             ,
             therefore
             she
             hath
             likewise
             invented
             the
             arts
             of
             building
             ,
             plaistering
             ,
             weavin
             g
             and
             tillage
             :
             wherefore
             
             (
             to
             imitate
             and
             urge
             Hippocrates
             argument
             )
             if
             nature
             have
             provided
             flesh
             and
             fish
             (
             that
             a
             substantial
             ,
             this
             a
             more
             light
             nourishment
             for
             our
             bodies
             )
             how
             squemish
             soever
             we
             are
             to
             see
             them
             killed
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             no
             unnatural
             thing
             to
             see
             it
             ,
             no
             not
             to
             do
             it
             our selves
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             last
             question
             Whether
             flesh
             or
             fish
             be
             the
             better
             nourishment
             ;
             I
             cannot
             answer
             better
             then
             as
             Galen
             did
             ,
             being
             asked
             the
             like
             question
             of
             wine
             and
             water
             .
             For
             as
             wine
             is
             best
             for
             one
             man
             ,
             and
             water
             for
             another
             ;
             so
             likewise
             flesh
             is
             most
             nourishing
             to
             some
             constitutions
             ,
             and
             fish
             to
             others
             .
             Timothie
             was
             young
             ,
             but
             yet
             sickly
             and
             weak
             stomacked
             ,
             his
             youth
             required
             water
             ,
             but
             his
             sickness
             wine
             ;
             wherefore
             Paul
             ,
             like
             a
             good
             Physician
             ;
             advised
             him
             to
             drink
             no
             longer
             water
             ,
             but
             a
             
             little
             wine
             for
             his
             stomacks
             sake
             ,
             and
             his
             often
             infirmities
             .
             So
             likewise
             Severus
             the
             Emperor
             being
             sick
             at
             York
             ,
             of
             a
             hot
             gout
             ,
             his
             Physicians
             forbad
             him
             all
             flesh
             ,
             especially
             
             of
             the
             stronger
             sort
             ;
             but
             he
             refusing
             their
             councel
             ,
             nourished
             his
             disease
             with
             forbidden
             meats
             ,
             and
             soon
             died
             .
             Contrariwise
             Seneca
             was
             forbidden
             by
             Serenus
             
             the
             Physician
             to
             eat
             any
             more
             of
             fish
             ,
             being
             too
             too
             watrish
             a
             nourishment
             for
             his
             weak
             body
             ;
             which
             whilst
             he
             refused
             to
             do
             and
             forbare
             to
             eat
             flesh
             ,
             his
             bloud
             was
             all
             turned
             to
             a
             gellied
             water
             .
             So
             then
             in
             respect
             of
             particular
             persons
             ,
             neither
             flesh
             nor
             fish
             be
             of
             better
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             both
             alike
             :
             yet
             generally
             flesh
             engendreth
             the
             better
             ,
             purer
             ,
             and
             more
             perfect
             bloud
             (
             as
             the
             very
             colour
             and
             face
             of
             men
             which
             use
             either
             of
             them
             apart
             ,
             doth
             perfectly
             declare
             ;
             )
             and
             consequently
             for
             sound
             men
             ,
             it
             is
             and
             ought
             to
             be
             accounted
             the
             best
             sustenance
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           VIII
           .
        
         
           
             1.
             
             Of
             the
             Flesh
             of
             tame
             Beasts
             .
          
        
         
           
             VEAL
             .
          
           
             
               CAlves
               Flesh
            
             is
             of
             a
             temperate
             constitution
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             ages
             ,
             times
             ,
             and
             temperatures
             .
             Calves
             are
             either
             Sucklings
             or
             Wainlings
             :
             The
             first
             are
             of
             easier
             digestion
             ,
             making
             good
             bloud
             ,
             and
             driving
             choler
             from
             the
             heart
             :
             So
             likewise
             is
             the
             Wainlings
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             harder
             ;
             either
             of
             them
             agree
             with
             hot
             and
             dry
             persons
             ,
             howsoever
             it
             is
             drest
             ;
             but
             to
             flaggy
             
             and
             moist
             stomacks
             ,
             Veal
             is
             unwholsom
             unless
             it
             be
             dry
             roasted
             ;
             for
             roasted
             meats
             give
             drie
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             
             boil'd
             meats
             moist
             ,
             as
             Galen
             writeth
             .
             The
             Italians
             are
             so
             in
             love
             with
             Veal
             ,
             that
             they
             call
             Veal
             Vitellam
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             their
             little
             life
             :
             as
             though
             it
             gave
             not
             only
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             also
             life
             to
             their
             dry
             bodies
             :
             which
             albeit
             I
             confess
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             by
             reason
             neither
             their
             Calves
             flesh
             ,
             nor
             their
             own
             bodies
             ,
             be
             so
             moist
             as
             ours
             ;
             yet
             in
             our
             Country
             it
             falls
             out
             otherwise
             through
             abundance
             of
             moisture
             ;
             so
             that
             howsoever
             sound
             bodies
             do
             well
             digest
             it
             ,
             yet
             languishing
             and
             weak
             stomacks
             find
             it
             too
             slimy
             ,
             and
             can
             hardly
             overcome
             it
             :
             Did
             we
             not
             kill
             them
             so
             soon
             as
             commonly
             we
             do
             ,
             namely
             ,
             before
             they
             be
             fully
             
             a
             month
             old
             ,
             they
             would
             give
             the
             more
             sound
             and
             wholsome
             nourishment
             ;
             for
             till
             they
             be
             five
             or
             six
             weeks
             old
             ,
             their
             flesh
             is
             but
             a
             gelly
             hardened
             ;
             afterwards
             it
             is
             firm
             flesh
             ,
             void
             of
             superfluous
             moisture
             ,
             and
             most
             temperate
             of
             constitution
             .
             Likewise
             in
             the
             choice
             of
             Veal
             ,
             the
             Bull
             Calf
             is
             thought
             the
             sweeter
             and
             better
             flesh
             ,
             
             whereas
             in
             all
             other
             beasts
             (
             for
             the
             most
             part
             )
             the
             female
             is
             preferred
             .
          
        
         
           
             
             BEEF
             .
          
           
             Ox-beef
             ,
             the
             older
             it
             is
             after
             his
             full
             growth
             ,
             the
             worse
             it
             is
             ,
             engendring
             (
             as
             Galen
             dreamed
             of
             all
             beef
             )
             quartane
             agues
             ,
             leprosies
             ,
             scabs
             ,
             cankers
             ,
             dropsies
             ,
             stoppings
             of
             the
             spleen
             and
             liver
             ,
             &c.
             but
             whilst
             it
             is
             young
             ,
             or
             growing
             forwards
             in
             flesh
             and
             fatness
             ,
             it
             is
             of
             all
             meats
             by
             nature
             ,
             complexion
             ,
             and
             custome
             ,
             most
             nourishing
             unto
             English
             bodies
             ;
             which
             may
             easily
             appear
             in
             the
             diffecence
             of
             their
             strength
             ,
             and
             clean
             making
             ,
             which
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             it
             ,
             and
             betwixt
             them
             that
             are
             accustomed
             to
             finer
             meats
             .
             Chuse
             we
             therefore
             the
             youngest
             ,
             fattest
             ,
             and
             best
             grown
             Ox
             ,
             having
             awhile
             first
             been
             exercised
             in
             wain
             or
             plough
             to
             dispel
             his
             foggie
             moisture
             ;
             and
             I
             dare
             undertake
             ,
             that
             for
             sound
             men
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             labour
             or
             use
             exercise
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             a
             better
             meat
             under
             the
             Sun
             for
             an
             English
             man
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             be
             also
             corned
             with
             salt
             before
             it
             be
             roasted
             ,
             or
             well
             and
             sufficiently
             poudred
             before
             it
             be
             sod
             :
             for
             so
             is
             it
             cleansed
             from
             much
             impurity
             ,
             and
             made
             also
             more
             savory
             to
             the
             stomach
             :
             but
             if
             it
             be
             over
             salted
             ,
             poudred
             ,
             or
             dried
             (
             as
             commonly
             it
             happeneth
             in
             Ship
             provision
             and
             rich
             Farmers
             houses
             ,
             that
             keep
             beefe
             a
             whole
             twelve-month
             till
             they
             eat
             it
             )
             it
             is
             tough
             ,
             hard
             ,
             heavy
             ,
             and
             of
             ill
             nourishment
             ,
             requiring
             rather
             the
             stomach
             of
             another
             Hercules
             who
             is
             said
             to
             have
             fed
             chiefly
             of
             Bulls
             
             flesh
             )
             then
             of
             any
             ordinary
             and
             common
             ploughman
             .
             Wherefore
             howsoever
             we
             may
             taste
             of
             it
             to
             bring
             on
             
             appetite
             ,
             let
             it
             be
             but
             a
             touch
             and
             go
             :
             for
             being
             eaten
             much
             and
             often
             ,
             it
             will
             heat
             and
             corrupt
             our
             blood
             ,
             dry
             up
             our
             bodies
             ,
             choke
             the
             mesaraical
             veins
             ,
             and
             bring
             forth
             many
             dangerous
             inward
             and
             outward
             griefs
             .
             The
             
             Romans
             when
             they
             first
             ventured
             to
             dress
             an
             Oxe
             (
             fearing
             belike
             what
             event
             might
             follow
             the
             eating
             of
             an
             unknown
             
             meat
             )
             roasted
             the
             Oxe
             all
             at
             once
             ,
             and
             stuft
             his
             belly
             with
             all
             sorts
             of
             sweet
             hearbs
             ,
             and
             good
             flesh
             that
             the
             season
             yeelded
             ,
             making
             no
             small
             pudding
             in
             his
             belly
             ,
             which
             the
             people
             called
             
               Equm
               Trojanum
               ,
               the
               Trojan
               horse
               :
            
             because
             it
             contained
             no
             fewer
             kinds
             of
             meats
             then
             that
             did
             Soldiers
             ;
             but
             had
             they
             known
             the
             wholesomness
             of
             the
             meat
             ,
             and
             our
             manner
             of
             dressing
             ,
             they
             needed
             not
             to
             have
             mingled
             so
             many
             antidotes
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             corrupted
             rather
             then
             corrected
             so
             good
             a
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cow
             Biefe
             .
          
           
             Cowbiefe
             is
             supposed
             by
             the
             Irish
             people
             ,
             and
             also
             by
             the
             Normans
             in
             France
             to
             be
             best
             of
             all
             :
             neither
             do
             they
             account
             so
             much
             of
             Oxen
             ;
             either
             because
             they
             think
             the
             unperfit
             creatures
             ,
             or
             rather
             (
             as
             I
             take
             it
             )
             because
             they
             know
             not
             how
             to
             use
             and
             diet
             them
             in
             the
             gelding
             .
             But
             were
             they
             as
             skilful
             in
             that
             point
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             the
             killing
             and
             dressing
             of
             Oxen
             ,
             as
             was
             Prometheus
             ;
             no
             doubt
             they
             would
             make
             higher
             estimation
             of
             one
             Oxe
             ,
             then
             of
             all
             the
             fat
             Cowes
             in
             Ceres
             stall
             .
          
           
             
             Nevertheless
             I
             deny
             not
             ,
             yea
             I
             affirm
             with
             Galen
             that
             a
             fat
             and
             young
             Heifer
             ,
             kept
             up
             a
             while
             with
             dry
             meat
             ,
             will
             prove
             a
             convenient
             temperate
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             kil'd
             after
             the
             French
             fashion
             ,
             as
             I
             saw
             the
             Norman
             butchers
             kill
             them
             in
             our
             Camp
             ,
             whilst
             I
             lay
             there
             in
             Camp
             with
             that
             flower
             of
             Chivalry
             the
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             .
             When
             the
             Cow
             is
             strook
             down
             with
             the
             axe
             ,
             presently
             they
             lay
             her
             upon
             her
             back
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             hole
             about
             the
             navel
             ,
             as
             big
             as
             to
             receive
             a
             swans
             quill
             ,
             through
             which
             the
             butcher
             blowes
             wind
             so
             long
             ,
             till
             the
             whole
             skin
             swell
             round
             about
             like
             a
             bladder
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             that
             the
             beast
             seems
             of
             a
             double
             bigness
             ;
             then
             whilst
             one
             holdeth
             the
             quill
             close
             and
             bloweth
             continually
             ,
             two
             or
             three
             others
             beat
             the
             Cow
             as
             hard
             as
             they
             can
             with
             cudgils
             round
             about
             :
             which
             beating
             never
             bruseth
             the
             flesh
             
             (
             for
             wind
             is
             ever
             betwixt
             it
             and
             the
             skin
             )
             but
             maketh
             both
             the
             hide
             to
             prove
             better
             Leather
             ,
             and
             the
             flesh
             to
             eat
             better
             and
             tenderer
             then
             otherwise
             it
             would
             .
          
        
         
           
             Bull
             Beife
             .
          
           
             
               Bull
               Beife
            
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             very
             young
             ,
             is
             utterly
             unwholesome
             and
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             yea
             almost
             invincible
             .
             Of
             how
             hard
             and
             binding
             a
             nature
             Bulls
             blood
             is
             ,
             may
             appear
             by
             the
             place
             where
             they
             are
             killed
             :
             for
             it
             glaseth
             the
             ground
             and
             maketh
             it
             of
             a
             stony
             hardness
             .
             To
             prevent
             which
             mischief
             either
             Bulls
             in
             old
             time
             were
             torne
             by
             Lions
             ,
             or
             hunted
             by
             men
             ,
             or
             baited
             to
             death
             by
             dogs
             as
             we
             use
             them
             :
             to
             the
             intent
             that
             violent
             heat
             and
             motion
             might
             attenuate
             their
             blood
             ,
             resolve
             their
             hardness
             ,
             and
             make
             their
             flesh
             softer
             in
             digestion
             .
             Bulls
             flesh
             being
             thus
             prepared
             ,
             strong
             stomachs
             may
             receive
             some
             good
             thereby
             ,
             though
             to
             weak
             ,
             yea
             to
             temperate
             stomachs
             it
             will
             prove
             hurtful
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lambs
             Flesh
             .
          
           
             
               Galen
               ,
               Halyabbas
            
             ,
             and
             Isaac
             ,
             condemn
             Lambs
             flesh
             for
             an
             over
             phlegmatick
             and
             moist
             meat
             :
             breeding
             ill
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             through
             excessive
             watrishness
             slipping
             out
             of
             the
             stomach
             before
             it
             be
             half
             concocted
             ,
             in
             cold
             stomacks
             it
             turns
             all
             to
             slime
             ,
             in
             a
             hot
             stomack
             it
             corrupts
             into
             choler
             ,
             in
             aged
             persons
             ,
             it
             turns
             to
             froth
             and
             flegm
             ,
             in
             a
             young
             person
             and
             temperate
             ,
             it
             turns
             to
             no
             wholesome
             nourishment
             ;
             because
             it
             is
             of
             so
             flashy
             and
             moist
             a
             nature
             :
             all
             which
             I
             will
             confess
             to
             be
             true
             in
             sucking
             Lambs
             who
             the
             nearer
             they
             are
             killed
             to
             their
             birth
             day
             the
             worse
             they
             are
             :
             but
             when
             they
             are
             once
             weaned
             ,
             and
             have
             fed
             half
             a
             year
             upon
             short
             and
             tender
             grass
             ,
             I
             think
             that
             of
             all
             other
             flesh
             it
             is
             simply
             the
             best
             ,
             as
             I
             will
             prove
             by
             divine
             and
             humane
             reason
             .
             For
             as
             in
             the
             new
             Testament
             ,
             the
             Lords
             Supper
             materially
             consisteth
             of
             two
             such
             things
             ,
             as
             there
             cannot
             be
             any
             drink
             or
             meat
             devised
             
             more
             comfortable
             nor
             more
             strenthening
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             man
             ,
             namely
             Bread
             and
             Wine
             :
             so
             likewise
             the
             blessed
             Sacrament
             of
             the
             old
             Testament
             ,
             could
             not
             conveniently
             be
             so
             well
             expressed
             as
             in
             the
             eating
             of
             that
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             purest
             ,
             most
             temperate
             ,
             and
             most
             nourishing
             of
             all
             meats
             :
             and
             what
             flesh
             is
             that
             I
             pray
             you
             ?
             Veal
             ?
             Pig
             ?
             or
             Goats
             flesh
             ?
             or
             the
             flesh
             of
             wild
             beasts
             ?
             or
             the
             flesh
             of
             Birds
             ?
             no
             ,
             but
             the
             flesh
             of
             a
             sound
             weaned
             Lamb
             ,
             of
             a
             year
             old
             ,
             whose
             flesh
             is
             neither
             too
             cold
             and
             moist
             ,
             as
             is
             a
             sucklings
             ;
             nor
             too
             dry
             ,
             and
             hot
             ▪
             as
             when
             it
             hath
             strength
             to
             know
             the
             Ewe
             :
             but
             of
             a
             most
             temperate
             constitution
             ,
             fittest
             to
             resemble
             the
             thing
             signified
             ,
             who
             is
             of
             all
             other
             
             our
             best
             nourishment
             .
             Philochorus
             is
             recorded
             to
             have
             made
             a
             law
             that
             the
             Athenians
             should
             eat
             no
             more
             Lambs
             flesh
             :
             not
             because
             they
             thought
             it
             too
             tender
             a
             meat
             for
             mens
             stomacks
             (
             as
             some
             foolishly
             have
             conceived
             )
             but
             because
             the
             people
             found
             it
             so
             wholesome
             ,
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             that
             every
             man
             desired
             it
             above
             all
             meats
             :
             in
             such
             sort
             that
             had
             not
             the
             eating
             of
             them
             been
             restrained
             by
             a
             severe
             law
             ,
             the
             whole
             race
             of
             Sheep
             
             would
             have
             decayed
             amongst
             them
             .
             Upon
             the
             like
             reason
             Valens
             the
             Emperour
             made
             a
             law
             that
             no
             Veal
             should
             
             be
             eaten
             ;
             which
             was
             counted
             in
             old
             time
             a
             princely
             meat
             (
             for
             alwaies
             it
             was
             one
             dish
             at
             the
             Kings
             table
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             though
             they
             never
             had
             but
             two
             )
             howsoever
             through
             God
             his
             singular
             blessing
             it
             is
             an
             ordinary
             meat
             amongst
             us
             in
             mean
             households
             .
             The
             best
             way
             to
             prepare
             Lambs
             flesh
             is
             sufficient
             roasting
             ;
             for
             boyling
             makes
             it
             too
             fleshy
             and
             phlegmatick
             ,
             and
             by
             over-rosting
             the
             sweetness
             thereof
             is
             soon
             dried
             up
             .
             Yea
             all
             Mutton
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             Pork
             ,
             Pig
             ▪
             and
             Veal
             )
             should
             rather
             be
             too
             raw
             then
             too
             much
             roasted
             ;
             according
             as
             the
             French
             men
             find
             by
             experience
             ,
             who
             slash
             and
             cut
             a
             giggot
             of
             Mutton
             upon
             the
             spit
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             bloody
             juice
             thereof
             (
             tempered
             
             with
             crums
             of
             bread
             and
             a
             little
             salt
             )
             recover
             weak
             stomacks
             and
             persons
             consumed
             .
             Wherefore
             howsoever
             some
             naturally
             abhor
             it
             (
             as
             my
             honest
             friend
             
               Signor
               Romano
            
             )
             and
             strong
             stomacks
             prove
             better
             with
             harder
             meat
             ;
             yet
             without
             all
             question
             ,
             a
             Lamb
             chosen
             and
             drest
             in
             manner
             aforesaid
             ,
             is
             for
             most
             men
             a
             very
             temperate
             nourishing
             and
             wholesome
             meat
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             ages
             ,
             times
             ,
             regions
             and
             complexions
             .
             
               Arnoldus
               Freitagius
            
             
             in
             his
             natural
             history
             ,
             saith
             that
             the
             hinder
             quarters
             of
             a
             Lamb
             being
             drawn
             with
             rosemary
             and
             garlick
             first
             steept
             in
             milk
             ,
             and
             moderately
             rosted
             at
             the
             fire
             ,
             is
             a
             meat
             most
             acceptable
             to
             the
             taste
             ,
             and
             also
             profitable
             to
             moist
             stomacks
             ,
             for
             which
             it
             is
             else
             commonly
             thought
             to
             be
             hurtful
             .
             Also
             he
             assureth
             ,
             that
             Lambs
             flesh
             being
             well
             beaten
             with
             a
             cudgel
             before
             it
             is
             roasted
             ,
             eateth
             much
             better
             and
             is
             far
             wholesomer
             :
             which
             I
             leave
             to
             be
             judged
             by
             the
             Cooks
             experience
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mutton
             .
          
           
             
             Mutton
             is
             so
             generally
             commended
             of
             all
             Physicians
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             not
             too
             old
             ,
             that
             itis
             forbidden
             to
             no
             persons
             ,
             be
             they
             sick
             or
             sound
             .
             The
             best
             Mutton
             is
             not
             above
             four
             years
             old
             ,
             or
             rather
             not
             much
             above
             three
             ;
             that
             which
             is
             taken
             from
             a
             short
             hilly
             and
             dry
             feeding
             ,
             is
             more
             sweet
             short
             and
             wholesome
             ,
             then
             that
             which
             is
             either
             fed
             in
             ranck
             grounds
             ,
             or
             with
             pease-straw
             (
             as
             we
             perceive
             by
             the
             taste
             )
             great
             fat
             and
             ranck
             fed
             sheep
             ,
             such
             as
             Somerset
             shire
             and
             Linconshire
             sendeth
             up
             to
             London
             ,
             are
             nothing
             so
             short
             nor
             pleasant
             in
             eating
             ,
             as
             the
             Norfolk
             ,
             Wiltshire
             ,
             and
             Welsh
             Mutton
             ;
             which
             being
             very
             young
             are
             best
             rosted
             ,
             the
             elder
             sort
             are
             not
             ill
             being
             sodden
             with
             bugloss
             ,
             borrage
             ,
             and
             persly
             roots
             .
             Now
             if
             some
             shall
             here
             object
             ,
             that
             gelding
             and
             spading
             be
             unnatural
             actions
             ;
             and
             that
             Eunuchs
             are
             subject
             to
             more
             diseases
             then
             perfect
             men
             :
             inferring
             thereupon
             a
             reason
             or
             likelihood
             ,
             
             that
             the
             like
             may
             be
             also
             in
             all
             gelded
             ware
             (
             and
             
             consequently
             in
             Muttons
             )
             contrary
             to
             that
             which
             Galen
             hath
             affirmed
             ;
             I
             will
             deny
             all
             their
             positions
             upon
             good
             grounds
             .
             For
             even
             nature
             hath
             deprived
             some
             things
             of
             that
             which
             gelders
             cut
             away
             ;
             and
             that
             Eunuchs
             are
             freed
             from
             many
             diseases
             (
             as
             Gouts
             ,
             Baldness
             ,
             Leprosies
             )
             whereunto
             other
             men
             are
             subject
             ,
             experience
             in
             all
             ages
             truely
             avoucheth
             .
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             it
             is
             generally
             confessed
             of
             all
             
             skilful
             Shepherds
             ,
             (
             and
             namely
             by
             
               Charles
               Steven
            
             and
             
               John
               Liebault
            
             )
             that
             Ewes
             and
             Rams
             are
             subject
             to
             far
             more
             maladies
             then
             Muttons
             ;
             requiring
             greater
             cost
             ,
             care
             ,
             skill
             ,
             and
             providence
             to
             maintain
             them
             in
             health
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rams
             flesh
             and
             Ewes
             flesh
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Rams
             flesh
             and
             Ewes
             flesh
             (
             that
             being
             too
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             this
             too
             excremental
             and
             soon
             corrupted
             )
             I
             commend
             neither
             of
             them
             ,
             especially
             in
             this
             Country
             of
             ours
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             (
             God
             bethanked
             )
             such
             choice
             of
             wholesome
             Wethers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Kid
             and
             Goat
             .
          
           
             As
             Lambs
             flesh
             is
             lighter
             and
             moister
             then
             other
             Mutton
             ,
             so
             is
             Kid
             more
             light
             and
             moist
             then
             Goats
             flesh
             :
             because
             
             (
             as
             Hippocrates
             reasoneth
             )
             it
             is
             less
             bloody
             ,
             and
             the
             blood
             which
             it
             hath
             is
             very
             moist
             ,
             liquid
             ,
             and
             fine
             .
             The
             black
             and
             red
             Kids
             are
             better
             then
             the
             white
             :
             and
             the
             younger
             they
             are
             (
             so
             they
             be
             above
             a
             fortnight
             old
             )
             the
             more
             wholesome
             and
             nourishing
             they
             are
             esteemed
             .
             Their
             flesh
             is
             soon
             and
             quickly
             digested
             ,
             of
             excellent
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             restorative
             after
             a
             great
             sickness
             :
             especially
             for
             young
             persons
             and
             hot
             stomacks
             ,
             but
             naught
             for
             them
             which
             are
             old
             &
             phlegmatick
             .
             It
             is
             better
             rosted
             then
             sod
             ,
             and
             the
             hinder
             parts
             are
             to
             be
             prefered
             because
             they
             are
             dryer
             and
             less
             excremental
             .
             They
             are
             temperately
             hot
             and
             moist
             ,
             whilst
             they
             are
             under
             six
             weeks
             age
             :
             for
             afterwards
             they
             grow
             to
             such
             heat
             and
             lasciviousness
             ,
             
             that
             (
             before
             they
             are
             wained
             )
             they
             will
             after
             they
             have
             suckt
             ,
             cover
             their
             own
             dam
             ;
             after
             they
             are
             once
             wained
             ,
             their
             flesh
             may
             be
             fit
             for
             strong
             labouring
             men
             ,
             which
             would
             not
             so
             well
             brook
             a
             tender
             suckling
             ;
             but
             for
             the
             most
             part
             of
             men
             it
             is
             unwholesome
             and
             of
             bad
             juice
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Old
               He-goat
            
             is
             suitable
             to
             an
             old
             Ram
             ,
             save
             that
             it
             is
             more
             tough
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             unpleasant
             ;
             his
             flesh
             is
             not
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             till
             he
             hath
             been
             baited
             like
             a
             Bull
             to
             death
             ,
             and
             
             when
             he
             is
             dead
             you
             must
             beat
             the
             flesh
             in
             the
             skin
             ,
             after
             the
             French
             fashion
             of
             beating
             a
             Cow.
             
          
           
             The
             She-goat
             being
             young
             ,
             is
             less
             hurtful
             ;
             but
             an
             old
             She-goat
             is
             worse
             and
             of
             a
             more
             sharp
             and
             corrupt
             juice
             :
             rather
             provoking
             venery
             and
             sharpness
             of
             seed
             (
             as
             also
             the
             Male
             doth
             )
             then
             nourishing
             the
             body
             .
          
           
             A
             
               gelded
               Goat
            
             was
             unknown
             unto
             ancient
             Physicians
             ,
             but
             questionless
             it
             is
             the
             best
             next
             to
             sucking
             Kid
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             more
             moist
             through
             abundance
             of
             fat
             ,
             and
             also
             of
             more
             temperate
             heat
             because
             it
             wanteth
             stones
             ;
             in
             which
             I
             certainly
             believe
             a
             more
             violent
             heat
             to
             be
             placed
             ,
             then
             in
             any
             part
             beside
             :
             yea
             whereas
             the
             liver
             draweth
             onely
             from
             the
             stomack
             and
             guts
             by
             the
             meseraical
             veines
             ,
             and
             the
             heart
             only
             from
             the
             lungs
             and
             liver
             ,
             and
             the
             brain
             from
             all
             three
             ;
             the
             stones
             have
             a
             heat
             which
             draweth
             seed
             from
             the
             whole
             body
             ,
             yea
             from
             the
             bones
             and
             gristles
             ,
             as
             Hippocrates
             
             writeth
             and
             reason
             collecteth
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             the
             tollerable
             smell
             which
             a
             gelded
             goat
             hath
             ,
             sheweth
             that
             his
             flesh
             is
             far
             sweeter
             :
             but
             He-goats
             
             and
             She-goats
             are
             so
             ranck
             ,
             that
             a
             Fencer
             of
             Thebes
             feeding
             much
             of
             them
             ,
             no
             man
             could
             endure
             his
             sweat
             .
             Also
             the
             chief
             Priest
             of
             Rome
             did
             never
             so
             much
             as
             touch
             them
             saith
             Plutarch
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             subject
             to
             the
             falling
             
             sickness
             ,
             letcherous
             in
             life
             ,
             and
             odious
             in
             smell
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pigg
             ,
             Sowe
             ,
             Bore
             ,
             and
             Hogg
             .
          
           
             
               Piggs
               flesh
            
             by
             long
             and
             a
             bad
             custome
             is
             so
             generally
             
             desired
             and
             commended
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             credibly
             (
             though
             falsly
             )
             
             esteemed
             for
             a
             nourishing
             and
             excellent
             good
             meat
             :
             Indeed
             it
             is
             sweet
             ,
             luscious
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             to
             wantons
             ,
             and
             earnestly
             desired
             of
             distempered
             stomacks
             :
             but
             it
             is
             the
             mother
             of
             many
             mischiefs
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             bane
             of
             mine
             own
             Mother
             .
             A
             sucking
             Piggs
             flesh
             is
             the
             moistest
             flesh
             simply
             of
             all
             other
             ;
             engendring
             Crudities
             ,
             Palsies
             ,
             Agues
             ,
             
             Gowts
             ,
             Apoplexies
             and
             the
             stone
             :
             weakning
             the
             memory
             (
             for
             it
             is
             moist
             in
             the
             third
             degree
             )
             procuring
             fluxes
             of
             the
             belly
             ,
             and
             engendring
             most
             viscous
             ,
             flashy
             and
             corrupt
             humours
             .
             Their
             flesh
             is
             hardly
             digested
             of
             a
             weak
             stomack
             ,
             and
             their
             leather-coat
             not
             easily
             of
             a
             strong
             .
             The
             younger
             they
             are
             ,
             the
             worse
             they
             are
             :
             yet
             some
             venture
             
             upon
             them
             (
             yea
             covet
             them
             )
             ere
             they
             be
             eight
             days
             old
             ;
             yea
             the
             Romans
             delicacy
             was
             such
             ,
             that
             they
             thought
             them
             dainty
             meat
             being
             taken
             blood
             and
             all
             out
             of
             the
             Sowes
             belly
             ere
             she
             was
             ready
             to
             farrow
             ,
             eating
             them
             after
             a
             little
             bruising
             in
             the
             blood
             ,
             no
             less
             greedily
             then
             some
             do
             the
             pudding
             of
             a
             bruised
             Deer
             .
             We
             do
             well
             in
             roasting
             our
             Piggs
             at
             a
             blazing
             fire
             ,
             sprinkling
             them
             with
             salt
             on
             the
             outside
             :
             but
             if
             we
             stuft
             their
             bellies
             with
             a
             good
             deal
             of
             salt
             as
             well
             as
             sage
             ,
             and
             did
             eat
             them
             with
             new
             sage
             ,
             and
             vinegar
             and
             salt
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             less
             offensive
             .
             The
             Danes
             I
             remember
             (
             when
             I
             was
             at
             Elsenore
             )
             draw
             them
             with
             garlick
             as
             the
             French
             men
             do
             with
             lard
             :
             which
             is
             no
             ill
             correcter
             of
             their
             sliminess
             and
             viscous
             humour
             .
             The
             Bore-Pig
             is
             not
             preferred
             before
             the
             Sow-Pig
             :
             because
             it
             is
             strong
             and
             ranck
             .
          
           
             
             Bores
             flesh
             (
             I
             mean
             of
             the
             tame
             Bore
             )
             is
             never
             good
             but
             〈◊〉
             it
             is
             brawn'd
             ;
             which
             though
             Pliny
             avoucheth
             to
             be
             first
             invented
             by
             
               Servillus
               Rullus
            
             ,
             yet
             by
             Plautus
             it
             seemeth
             to
             be
             a
             more
             ancient
             meat
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             way
             of
             brawning
             a
             Bore
             is
             this
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             which
             I
             learned
             first
             of
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               George
            
             ,
             and
             saw
             
             practised
             afterwards
             to
             good
             purpose
             .
             Shut
             up
             a
             young
             Bore
             (
             of
             a
             year
             and
             a
             half
             old
             )
             in
             a
             little
             room
             about
             harvest
             time
             ,
             feeding
             him
             with
             nothing
             but
             sweet
             whey
             ,
             and
             giving
             him
             every
             morning
             clean
             straw
             to
             lye
             upon
             ,
             but
             lay
             it
             not
             thick
             .
             So
             before
             Christmas
             he
             will
             be
             sufficiently
             brawned
             with
             continual
             lying
             ,
             and
             prove
             exceeding
             fat
             ,
             wholesome
             and
             sweet
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             common
             way
             of
             brawning
             Bores
             ,
             by
             stying
             them
             up
             in
             so
             close
             a
             room
             that
             they
             cannot
             turn
             themselves
             round
             about
             ,
             and
             whereby
             they
             are
             forced
             alwaies
             to
             lye
             on
             their
             bellies
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             worthy
             the
             imitation
             :
             for
             they
             feed
             in
             pain
             ,
             lye
             in
             paine
             ,
             and
             sleep
             in
             pain
             :
             neither
             shall
             you
             ever
             find
             their
             flesh
             so
             red
             ,
             their
             fat
             so
             white
             ,
             nor
             their
             liver
             so
             sound
             ,
             as
             being
             brawned
             otherwise
             accordingly
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             rehersed
             .
             After
             he
             is
             brawned
             for
             your
             turn
             ,
             thrust
             a
             knife
             into
             one
             of
             his
             flanks
             ,
             and
             let
             him
             run
             with
             it
             till
             he
             dye
             :
             others
             gently
             bait
             him
             with
             muzled
             Doggs
             .
             The
             Roman
             Cooks
             thrust
             a
             hot
             Iron
             into
             his
             side
             ,
             and
             then
             run
             him
             to
             death
             ;
             thinking
             thereby
             that
             his
             flesh
             waxed
             tenderer
             and
             his
             brawn
             firmer
             .
          
           
             
             
               Sows
               Flesh
            
             is
             reckoned
             of
             Isaac
             ,
             to
             engender
             good
             blood
             ,
             to
             nourish
             plentifully
             ,
             yea
             to
             be
             restorative
             if
             it
             be
             young
             .
             But
             an
             old
             Sow
             breedeth
             ill
             juice
             ,
             is
             hardly
             concocted
             ,
             and
             begetteth
             most
             viscous
             humors
             .
             The
             Heliopolitanes
             abstained
             from
             Sows
             flesh
             of
             all
             others
             :
             First
             ,
             because
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             nature
             and
             course
             of
             all
             other
             beasts
             )
             she
             admits
             the
             Bore
             not
             in
             the
             full
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             wane
             of
             the
             Moon
             .
             Secondly
             they
             demand
             ,
             How
             can
             
             her
             flesh
             be
             wholsom
             ,
             whose
             milk
             being
             drunk
             ,
             filleth
             our
             bodies
             full
             of
             leprosie
             ▪
             scurf
             ,
             tetters
             and
             scabs
             ?
             Yea
             a
             sow
             is
             one
             of
             the
             most
             filthy
             creatures
             in
             the
             world
             ;
             her
             belly
             is
             never
             void
             of
             scurf
             ,
             her
             throat
             of
             kernely
             imposthumes
             ,
             her
             brain
             so
             heavy
             and
             moist
             ,
             that
             she
             cannot
             look
             up
             to
             heaven
             ;
             or
             rather
             she
             dare
             not
             ,
             being
             the
             
             
             rooter
             up
             ,
             and
             so
             bad
             an
             inhabitant
             of
             the
             earth
             .
             Nevertheless
             I
             am
             of
             Isaacs
             mind
             ,
             that
             a
             young
             Sow
             kept
             long
             from
             the
             Bore
             ,
             sweetly
             dieted
             with
             roots
             ,
             corn
             ,
             and
             whey
             ,
             and
             kept
             from
             filthy
             feeding
             and
             wallowing
             ,
             may
             be
             made
             good
             and
             tolerable
             meat
             for
             strong
             stomacks
             ,
             after
             it
             hath
             been
             powdered
             and
             well
             rosted
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pork
             and
             Bacon
             .
          
           
             Now
             concerning
             
               Pork
               and
               Hogs
               flesh
            
             ,
             made
             of
             a
             spaded
             Sow
             ,
             or
             a
             Hogg
             gelded
             ,
             verily
             let
             us
             say
             thereof
             (
             as
             
             Theon
             said
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             swine
             )
             if
             it
             be
             not
             good
             for
             meat
             ,
             wherefore
             is
             it
             good
             ?
             his
             cry
             is
             most
             odious
             and
             harsh
             ,
             his
             smel
             loathsom
             ,
             his
             very
             shape
             detested
             :
             at
             home
             he
             is
             ravening
             ,
             in
             the
             field
             rooting
             ,
             and
             every
             where
             filthy
             ,
             foul
             ,
             unhappy
             ,
             and
             unprofitable
             .
             All
             which
             hurts
             he
             recompenceth
             in
             this
             only
             one
             ,
             that
             of
             all
             other
             beasts
             
             (
             if
             Galen
             be
             not
             deceived
             )
             he
             most
             nourisheth
             :
             especially
             if
             he
             feed
             abroad
             upon
             sweet
             grass
             ,
             good
             mast
             and
             roots
             ;
             for
             that
             which
             is
             penn'd
             up
             and
             fed
             at
             home
             with
             taps
             drappings
             ,
             kitchin
             offal
             ,
             soure
             grains
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             draffe
             ,
             cannot
             be
             wholsom
             .
             In
             Plinies
             time
             they
             
             were
             so
             far
             from
             fatting
             them
             with
             such
             refuse
             ,
             that
             (
             considering
             they
             were
             to
             be
             eaten
             of
             themselves
             )
             men
             usually
             fatted
             their
             hogs
             with
             milk
             and
             figgs
             .
             But
             sith
             that
             course
             is
             more
             chargeable
             then
             necessary
             for
             Englishmen
             ;
             either
             let
             their
             hoggs
             feed
             themselves
             fat
             abroad
             with
             grass
             and
             mast
             ,
             or
             at
             home
             with
             only
             sweet
             whey
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             grounded
             corn
             ,
             then
             which
             they
             cannot
             have
             a
             more
             sweet
             meat
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             ,
             to
             use
             Galens
             encomium
             or
             phrase
             of
             a
             hogg
             (
             whereby
             you
             may
             swear
             he
             was
             no
             Jew
             ,
             nor
             Lopus
             no
             good
             Physician
             )
             howsoever
             nothing
             less
             resembleth
             a
             man
             ,
             then
             a
             Hogg
             in
             his
             outwards
             ,
             yet
             inwardly
             no
             creature
             resembleth
             him
             more
             :
             For
             the
             colour
             and
             substance
             of
             his
             flesh
             ,
             the
             shape
             ,
             figure
             ,
             connexion
             ,
             suspension
             ,
             
             proportion
             ,
             and
             situation
             of
             his
             entrails
             ,
             differ
             little
             or
             nothing
             from
             mans
             body
             :
             and
             besides
             that
             (
             when
             he
             is
             of
             a
             just
             grouth
             )
             his
             temper
             is
             also
             most
             like
             to
             ours
             .
             Thus
             much
             out
             of
             Galen
             for
             the
             praise
             of
             Pork
             ;
             whom
             albeit
             
               Rea●dus
               Columbus
            
             ,
             and
             Vesalius
             do
             oppugne
             in
             their
             Anatomies
             concerning
             the
             likelihood
             of
             a
             mans
             and
             a
             hoggs
             entrails
             ;
             yet
             none
             hitherto
             denyed
             Pork
             to
             be
             a
             a
             temperate
             meat
             ,
             being
             corned
             and
             rosted
             ,
             or
             sodden
             after
             it
             hath
             been
             well
             powdered
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             (
             to
             yield
             mine
             own
             opinion
             )
             I
             esteem
             it
             (
             by
             Galens
             leave
             )
             a
             very
             queasie
             meat
             ,
             howsoever
             it
             be
             prepared
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             in
             it self
             alwaies
             ,
             
               flatuosum
               chacochynicum
               &
               febrile
               quid
            
             .
             For
             if
             you
             eat
             it
             fresh
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             dangerous
             as
             fresh
             Sprats
             to
             an
             aguish
             stomack
             :
             if
             you
             eat
             it
             corned
             ,
             yet
             is
             it
             of
             gross
             juice
             ,
             and
             speedy
             corruption
             ,
             unless
             by
             mustard
             and
             sorrel
             sawce
             it
             be
             corrected
             :
             If
             it
             be
             sodden
             and
             powdered
             ▪
             green-sawce
             made
             of
             sorrel
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             with
             it
             ,
             both
             to
             cool
             the
             fiery
             nature
             of
             the
             salt
             ,
             and
             also
             to
             qualifie
             the
             malignity
             of
             the
             flesh
             it self
             :
             If
             it
             be
             salted
             and
             made
             into
             Bacon
             ,
             how
             hard
             is
             it
             to
             be
             digested
             in
             most
             mens
             stomacks
             ,
             either
             boiled
             or
             fryed
             ?
             Yea
             the
             Caretanes
             of
             Spain
             (
             whom
             
               Strabo
               ▪
            
             writeth
             to
             be
             the
             best
             
             makers
             of
             Sawsages
             and
             salt
             meats
             in
             the
             whole
             world
             )
             and
             the
             Normans
             in
             France
             (
             whose
             Bacon
             flitches
             and
             jambons
             Varro
             extolleth
             )
             could
             never
             so
             dry
             Bacon
             ,
             or
             make
             Pork
             into
             such
             wholsom
             Sawsages
             ,
             seasoned
             with
             
             Pepper
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             and
             Sage
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             needed
             a
             draught
             of
             Wine
             more
             then
             ordinary
             to
             macerate
             and
             digest
             it
             in
             the
             stomack
             .
             It
             is
             recorded
             that
             Leo
             the
             tenth
             ,
             Pope
             of
             Rome
             ,
             loved
             Pork
             so
             exceedinglv
             ,
             that
             he
             bestowed
             above
             two
             thousand
             crowns
             a
             year
             in
             Sawsages
             ,
             mingling
             
             the
             brawnes
             of
             Peacocks
             ,
             with
             Porks
             flesh
             ,
             Pepper
             ,
             and
             other
             Spices
             ,
             which
             were
             afterwards
             called
             
               Leonis
               incisia
               ,
               Leo
               his
               Sawsages
               .
            
             But
             when
             Hadrian
             the
             sixth
             his
             
             successor
             perused
             the
             accounts
             ,
             and
             found
             above
             ten
             thousand
             Ducats
             spent
             by
             his
             predecessor
             in
             that
             one
             meat
             ,
             he
             detested
             him
             (
             saith
             Jovius
             )
             as
             much
             dead
             ,
             as
             he
             honoured
             him
             whilst
             he
             was
             alive
             .
          
           
             Finally
             ,
             no
             Brawn
             ,
             Pork
             or
             Bacon
             ,
             should
             be
             eaten
             without
             Wine
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             old
             Verse
             made
             in
             Salern
             School
             (
             which
             some
             no
             less
             account
             of
             then
             the
             
             Heathen
             did
             of
             Apollo
             his
             Oracles
             )
             
               
                 Est
                 caro
                 porcina
                 sine
                 vin●
                 pejor
                 ovina
                 ;
              
               
                 Si
                 tribuis
                 vina
                 ,
                 tune
                 est
                 cibus
                 &
                 medicina
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 As
                 Mutton
                 tough
                 ,
                 Pork
                 without
                 Wine
              
               
                 Is
                 not
                 esteem'd
                 so
                 good
                 :
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 that
                 Wine
                 be
                 drunk
                 thereon
                 ,
              
               
                 'T
                 is
                 Physick
                 both
                 and
                 Food
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Or
             if
             Wine
             be
             scarce
             ,
             drink
             after
             such
             meats
             ,
             a
             good
             draught
             of
             your
             strongest
             beer
             well
             spic'd
             with
             Ginger
             ,
             and
             then
             labour
             it
             out
             (
             as
             Ploughmen
             do
             )
             for
             ease
             after
             gross
             meats
             is
             very
             dangerous
             ;
             but
             strong
             labour
             overcometh
             all
             things
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             entrails
             of
             Hoggs
             ,
             and
             especially
             the
             Harsenet
             
             (
             which
             
               Publius
               Syrus
            
             preferred
             before
             all
             meats
             )
             I
             find
             them
             to
             be
             stopping
             ,
             and
             of
             bad
             nourishment
             ;
             yet
             the
             Livers
             of
             Piggs
             are
             counted
             nourishing
             ,
             but
             their
             Lungs
             are
             watrish
             and
             very
             phlegmatick
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           IX
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           Flesh
           of
           Wild
           Beasts
           ,
           or
           Venison
           .
        
         
           
             Wild
             Bore
             ,
             and
             Wild
             Sow
             .
          
           
             OF
             all
             Venison
             ,
             Hippocrates
             most
             commendeth
             the
             flesh
             of
             a
             
               Wild
               Sow
            
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             not
             only
             an
             excellent
             
             nourishing
             and
             strengthening
             meat
             ,
             but
             also
             medicinable
             to
             keep
             us
             from
             costiffness
             .
             Reason
             teacheth
             us
             that
             it
             is
             farr
             above
             tame
             Pork
             or
             Swines
             flesh
             :
             First
             ,
             because
             it
             feeds
             more
             purely
             ;
             secondly
             ,
             because
             it
             hath
             not
             meat
             brought
             to
             hand
             ,
             but
             gets
             it
             by
             travail
             ,
             and
             hath
             choice
             of
             Diet
             to
             feed
             whereon
             it
             listeth
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             penn'd
             up
             (
             as
             commonly
             our
             Swine
             be
             )
             in
             a
             little
             Close
             and
             stinking
             Stie
             ,
             but
             enjoyeth
             the
             benefit
             of
             a
             clear
             aire
             ,
             which
             clarifieth
             bloud
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             any
             meat
             can
             augment
             it
             .
             It
             is
             a
             rare
             meat
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             found
             only
             (
             as
             I
             have
             been
             enformed
             )
             in
             my
             Lord
             Latimers
             Woods
             ,
             who
             took
             great
             pleasure
             in
             hunting
             them
             ,
             and
             made
             also
             wild
             Buls
             of
             tame
             ones
             ,
             as
             our
             fore-Fathers
             (
             more
             wisely
             )
             made
             tame
             of
             wild
             .
          
           
             If
             they
             be
             young
             ,
             fat
             ,
             fully
             grown
             ,
             and
             taken
             in
             chaso
             ,
             in
             the
             Winter
             time
             (
             presently
             after
             mast
             is
             fallen
             )
             they
             are
             unfit
             for
             few
             mens
             stomacks
             ,
             being
             thus
             prepared
             as
             I
             have
             seen
             them
             drest
             in
             High
             -
             Germany
             .
             First
             ,
             after
             the
             flesh
             is
             throughly
             cold
             ,
             parboil
             it
             in
             Rhenish
             Wine
             ,
             wherein
             ripe
             Juniper
             berries
             were
             sodden
             :
             then
             having
             taken
             it
             out
             and
             sliced
             it
             ,
             season
             every
             slice
             or
             cut
             thereof
             with
             Pepper
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             Cloves
             ,
             Mace
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             and
             Nutmegs
             ,
             of
             each
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             ,
             last
             of
             all
             make
             it
             in
             paste
             ,
             
             with
             good
             store
             of
             sweet
             butter
             and
             it
             will
             prove
             a
             most
             excellent
             meat
             to
             be
             eaten
             cold
             .
          
           
             
               Wild
               Calves
            
             are
             common
             in
             Wales
             upon
             the
             Mountains
             :
             whence
             one
             was
             brought
             this
             last
             Christmas
             to
             Ludlow
             Castle
             ,
             where
             I
             did
             eat
             of
             it
             rosted
             and
             bak'd
             ;
             and
             by
             taste
             I
             find
             it
             more
             firm
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             effects
             of
             digestion
             ,
             more
             wholsom
             and
             passable
             then
             our
             ordinary
             Veal
             .
          
        
         
           
             Red
             and
             Fallow
             Deer
             .
          
           
             Now
             concerning
             Deers
             Flesh
             ,
             which
             Isaac
             in
             his
             old
             age
             so
             much
             longed
             for
             ;
             some
             imagin
             it
             to
             be
             the
             worst
             meat
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             and
             some
             conceive
             it
             to
             be
             the
             best
             .
             
             Galen
             numbreth
             it
             amongst
             hard
             ,
             meclancholique
             ,
             and
             gross
             Meats
             ,
             comparing
             ,
             yea
             almost
             preferring
             Asses
             flesh
             before
             it
             ;
             ascribing
             also
             unto
             it
             ill
             concoction
             ,
             ill
             nourishment
             ,
             stoppings
             ,
             and
             quartane
             Feavers
             .
             Roger
             
             Bacon
             thinks
             it
             one
             of
             the
             best
             meats
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             so
             young
             that
             we
             can
             digest
             it
             :
             For
             ,
             saith
             he
             
               (
               Quod
               diu
               sem
               tipsum
               ,
               alios
               illud
               diu
               conservare
               potest
               )
               that
               which
               long
               liveth
               by
               its
               own
               nature
               ,
               maketh
               also
               others
               to
               live
               long
               .
            
             But
             by
             his
             leave
             ,
             we
             may
             then
             feed
             better
             upon
             Ravens
             then
             Capons
             ,
             for
             these
             never
             live
             above
             seaven
             yeares
             ,
             and
             a
             Raven
             liveth
             to
             nine
             hundred
             yeares
             ,
             if
             Virgil
             be
             not
             deceived
             .
             Plutarch
             thinketh
             Deer
             an
             unwholsom
             meat
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             of
             a
             cold
             and
             melancholick
             constitution
             .
             And
             how
             
             proveth
             he
             that
             ?
             forsooth
             1.
             because
             he
             is
             fearful
             :
             secondly
             because
             if
             he
             were
             of
             a
             hot
             complexion
             (
             as
             the
             wilde
             Bore
             is
             )
             his
             teares
             would
             be
             sweet
             ,
             as
             his
             be
             ;
             but
             the
             teares
             of
             a
             Deere
             (
             and
             especially
             of
             a
             Stagg
             )
             are
             salt
             :
             ergo
             ,
             he
             is
             of
             a
             cold
             and
             dry
             constitution
             .
             But
             Empedocles
             was
             of
             sounder
             opinion
             ,
             who
             ascribeth
             all
             teares
             to
             the
             working
             of
             heat
             :
             for
             as
             milke
             yieldeth
             whey
             by
             stirring
             ,
             churning
             and
             pressing
             ,
             so
             any
             violent
             passion
             (
             be
             it
             joy
             or
             greife
             ,
             anger
             or
             pitty
             )
             churneth
             the
             blood
             ,
             stirreth
             the
             humors
             ,
             
             and
             presseth
             the
             brain
             ,
             wherupon
             teares
             (
             the
             wheyish
             part
             of
             them
             all
             )
             must
             needs
             ensue
             .
             Furthermore
             they
             are
             thought
             to
             be
             unwholsom
             ,
             because
             Bucks
             and
             Staggs
             feed
             
             much
             upon
             snakes
             :
             yea
             as
             an
             Ass
             is
             to
             a
             Lions
             mouth
             ,
             or
             hony
             to
             Bears
             ,
             or
             Bees
             to
             Martlets
             ,
             so
             are
             Serpents
             to
             them
             a
             most
             desired
             meat
             ;
             whereupon
             the
             Grecians
             call
             them
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Serpent
             catchers
             .
             Might
             I
             be
             a
             sufficient
             Arbitrator
             between
             two
             so
             Learned
             men
             ,
             I
             would
             determine
             the
             truth
             to
             be
             on
             either
             side
             :
             For
             indeed
             young
             Venison
             ,
             whilst
             it
             is
             sucking
             ,
             is
             very
             restorative
             ;
             neither
             do
             I
             think
             old
             Isaac
             in
             his
             declining
             age
             to
             have
             
             delighted
             more
             in
             it
             in
             respect
             of
             taste
             ,
             then
             in
             respect
             of
             wholsomness
             and
             goodness
             .
             Also
             a
             gelded
             Deer
             is
             neither
             too
             dry
             ,
             nor
             too
             cold
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             temperate
             constitution
             ,
             and
             so
             void
             of
             superfluous
             or
             excrementitious
             humors
             ,
             that
             his
             horns
             never
             grow
             again
             after
             he
             is
             gelt
             ,
             which
             Aristotle
             ,
             and
             all
             Philosophers
             impute
             to
             superfluity
             of
             heat
             and
             moisture
             .
             Nay
             young
             Bucks
             and
             Does
             ,
             Hinds
             and
             Staggs
             (
             whilst
             they
             are
             in
             season
             )
             are
             a
             wholsom
             and
             delicate
             meat
             ,
             breeding
             no
             bad
             juice
             of
             themselves
             ,
             yet
             bearing
             often
             the
             faults
             of
             bad
             Cooks
             (
             which
             know
             not
             how
             to
             dress
             nor
             use
             them
             aright
             )
             but
             more
             often
             the
             deserved
             reproaches
             of
             greedy
             Gourmands
             ,
             that
             cannot
             moderately
             use
             the
             good
             creatures
             of
             God
             ;
             either
             eating
             venison
             when
             they
             should
             not
             ,
             or
             more
             liberally
             and
             usually
             then
             they
             should
             .
             The
             Italians
             also
             
             have
             this
             opinion
             of
             Venison
             ,
             that
             eaten
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             it
             prolongeth
             life
             ,
             but
             eaten
             towards
             night
             ,
             it
             hasteneth
             death
             .
             Contrariwise
             old
             Venison
             indeed
             is
             dry
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             too
             cold
             likewise
             ;
             full
             of
             gross
             ,
             clammy
             ,
             and
             incorrigible
             humors
             :
             So
             that
             the
             same
             meat
             may
             be
             wholsom
             at
             some
             age
             ,
             in
             some
             times
             ,
             and
             for
             some
             certain
             complexions
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             in
             contrary
             circumstances
             is
             unwholsom
             :
             yet
             is
             it
             never
             so
             pretious
             as
             that
             a
             man
             
             should
             venture
             his
             life
             to
             get
             it
             by
             stealth
             ,
             as
             many
             doe
             ,
             and
             have
             done
             in
             Noble
             mens
             Parks
             ,
             yea
             perhaps
             in
             their
             
             Princes
             Forrests
             and
             chief
             Chases
             .
             Cardan
             affirmeth
             that
             Bucks
             and
             Does
             have
             no
             Galls
             in
             their
             bodies
             ,
             which
             is
             rather
             a
             signe
             of
             good
             temperature
             and
             lightness
             ,
             then
             of
             any
             dull
             ,
             dry
             ,
             or
             heavy
             meat
             .
             This
             one
             thing
             only
             I
             will
             add
             ,
             That
             Keepers
             of
             Parks
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             least
             their
             servants
             and
             young
             children
             ,
             have
             ,
             upon
             my
             knowledge
             ,
             fed
             all
             the
             year
             long
             of
             little
             meat
             else
             ,
             and
             yet
             remained
             as
             strong
             ,
             healthfull
             ,
             and
             active
             ,
             as
             any
             persons
             could
             be
             .
             Finally
             ,
             admit
             Deer
             be
             dry
             ;
             doth
             not
             butter
             amend
             them
             ?
             Suppose
             they
             be
             cold
             ;
             doth
             not
             pepper
             and
             salt
             ,
             and
             baking
             ,
             give
             them
             sufficient
             heat
             ?
             Thus
             ,
             howsoever
             it
             falleth
             out
             ,
             they
             are
             either
             by
             preparation
             (
             which
             none
             can
             deny
             )
             or
             by
             nature
             (
             as
             I
             verily
             believe
             )
             a
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             be
             chosen
             in
             their
             due
             season
             ,
             just
             age
             ,
             and
             moderately
             fed
             upon
             :
             Neither
             have
             we
             any
             reason
             from
             their
             unwholsomness
             to
             dispark
             our
             Parks
             ,
             or
             to
             c●t
             down
             Forrests
             provided
             for
             their
             succour
             ;
             nay
             rather
             we
             ought
             to
             cherish
             them
             for
             the
             maintenance
             of
             Hunting
             ,
             whereunto
             if
             young
             Gentlemen
             were
             addicted
             ,
             as
             their
             Fathers
             were
             heretofore
             (
             they
             would
             be
             more
             ready
             (
             whereof
             Hunting
             is
             a
             resemblance
             )
             to
             Warlike
             purposes
             and
             exploits
             .
          
        
         
           
             Roebuck
             and
             Capreol
             .
          
           
             But
             of
             all
             Venison
             Roebuck
             and
             Capreol
             bareth
             away
             the
             bell
             ;
             for
             whereas
             the
             forenamed
             beasts
             are
             discredited
             for
             their
             grosness
             of
             blood
             ,
             the
             Capreol
             his
             blood
             is
             exceeding
             fine
             ,
             through
             his
             swift
             running
             ,
             and
             continual
             frisking
             and
             leaping
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ,
             whereby
             his
             pores
             are
             ever
             opened
             ,
             and
             all
             bad
             humours
             consumed
             by
             exercise
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             very
             smell
             of
             his
             flesh
             is
             not
             heavy
             nor
             fulsome
             (
             as
             in
             other
             Deer
             )
             but
             fragrant
             ,
             quick
             and
             delightful
             ;
             neither
             hath
             his
             flesh
             the
             ordinary
             taste
             of
             
             Venison
             ,
             but
             a
             peculiar
             and
             more
             pleasant
             taste
             :
             neither
             lyeth
             it
             heavy
             upon
             any
             stomack
             ,
             but
             is
             digested
             as
             soon
             as
             Kid
             ;
             curing
             also
             (
             as
             Isaac
             writeth
             )
             the
             falling
             sickness
             ,
             
             colick
             ,
             dropsie
             ,
             and
             abundance
             of
             fleam
             collected
             in
             any
             part
             .
             It
             is
             permitted
             to
             all
             indifferent
             stomacks
             ,
             and
             forbidden
             onely
             to
             Children
             ,
             colerick
             constitutions
             ,
             lean
             and
             consumed
             bodies
             ,
             shrunck
             sinews
             ,
             and
             burning
             agues
             .
             The
             Alpes
             are
             full
             of
             them
             in
             high
             Germany
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             our
             mountains
             of
             Wales
             are
             not
             without
             them
             .
             They
             are
             good
             roasted
             ,
             sodden
             ,
             or
             baked
             as
             red
             Deer
             ;
             but
             you
             need
             not
             to
             pepper
             or
             salt
             them
             half
             so
             much
             ,
             for
             their
             flesh
             (
             even
             when
             they
             are
             old
             )
             is
             easily
             digested
             ,
             and
             scarce
             needeth
             a
             cup
             of
             wine
             (
             which
             other
             Venison
             necessarily
             requireth
             )
             to
             hasten
             their
             concoction
             .
             Furthermore
             ,
             where
             all
             kinds
             of
             other
             Venison
             are
             not
             good
             but
             at
             certain
             seasons
             ,
             yet
             the
             Capreol
             is
             never
             out
             of
             season
             :
             being
             alike
             wholesome
             in
             Sommer
             and
             Winter
             ,
             and
             alike
             toothsome
             ,
             as
             the
             borderers
             of
             the
             Alpes
             do
             best
             know
             ,
             and
             our
             owne
             Country
             men
             might
             perceive
             if
             they
             made
             trial
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hares
             .
          
           
             
             Hares
             or
             Leverets
             (
             the
             beloved
             meat
             of
             
               Alexander
               Severus
            
             )
             taken
             in
             hunting
             ,
             roasted
             with
             fresh
             lard
             ,
             and
             
             eaten
             with
             Venison
             sawce
             ,
             cannot
             offend
             a
             reasonable
             stomack
             .
             Galen
             saith
             that
             the
             flesh
             of
             a
             Hare
             prevents
             fatness
             ,
             causeth
             sleep
             ,
             and
             cleanseth
             the
             blood
             :
             how
             be
             it
             
             in
             another
             place
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             it
             breedeth
             gross
             blood
             and
             melancholick
             humours
             :
             which
             unless
             he
             understand
             only
             of
             old
             ,
             lean
             ,
             and
             unseasonable
             Hares
             ,
             experience
             it self
             will
             overthrow
             him
             ;
             For
             take
             a
             young
             Leveret
             ,
             and
             let
             it
             blood
             as
             you
             do
             a
             Pigeon
             ,
             the
             flesh
             of
             it
             will
             be
             very
             white
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             well
             rellishing
             ;
             yea
             little
             inferiour
             to
             a
             midso●mer
             Rabbet
             .
             Yet
             I
             deny
             not
             (
             with
             Hippocrates
             )
             
             that
             it
             dryeth
             more
             then
             ordinary
             meats
             :
             for
             it
             provoketh
             
             much
             urine
             ,
             and
             so
             accidentally
             moistneth
             little
             ,
             
             though
             it
             be
             moist
             enough
             of
             its
             own
             nature
             .
             Pissanellus
             writeh
             (
             and
             the
             Italians
             generally
             believe
             it
             )
             that
             eating
             of
             much
             hares
             flesh
             maketh
             a
             man
             fair
             and
             merry
             seven
             dayes
             after
             ;
             For
             which
             purpose
             perhaps
             they
             were
             
             so
             much
             in
             request
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             fatned
             young
             Hares
             in
             clappers
             ,
             as
             we
             do
             Connies
             ,
             finding
             them
             so
             dieted
             to
             be
             a
             delicate
             and
             wholesome
             meat
             :
             tame
             Hares
             so
             prepared
             are
             good
             at
             all
             times
             but
             wild
             Hares
             are
             best
             and
             fattest
             in
             the
             hardest
             time
             of
             Winter
             .
             Certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             much
             eating
             of
             Hares
             flesh
             procureth
             leanness
             ;
             because
             it
             is
             very
             diuretical
             ,
             and
             common
             sence
             teacheth
             ,
             that
             a
             man
             pissing
             much
             cannot
             be
             fat
             ,
             because
             the
             wheyish
             part
             of
             blood
             (
             called
             of
             Hippocrates
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               the
               sled
               of
               nourishment
            
             )
             is
             sooner
             expelled
             then
             that
             it
             can
             carry
             nourishment
             throughout
             the
             body
             .
             The
             neither
             Germans
             hang
             their
             Hares
             six
             or
             seven
             daies
             in
             the
             cold
             and
             shadowy
             aire
             before
             they
             flay
             or
             dress
             them
             :
             whereby
             they
             prove
             exceeding
             tender
             ,
             though
             a
             night
             or
             two
             nights
             hanging
             were
             sufficient
             .
             We
             do
             usually
             boil
             the
             foreparts
             in
             broth
             ,
             and
             rost
             only
             the
             hinder
             parts
             :
             and
             not
             without
             reason
             ;
             for
             as
             in
             Kid
             and
             Lamb
             the
             hinder
             parts
             are
             driest
             ;
             and
             therefore
             we
             seeth
             them
             ,
             the
             fore-parts
             over-moist
             and
             therefore
             we
             roast
             them
             :
             so
             contrawise
             a
             Hare
             is
             driest
             before
             ,
             and
             moistest
             behind
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             concerning
             such
             Medicins
             ,
             as
             Matthiolus
             avoucheth
             to
             be
             taken
             from
             a
             Hares
             harsenet
             ,
             from
             his
             skin
             ,
             gall
             ,
             kidneys
             ,
             bones
             ,
             stones
             ,
             haire
             ,
             blood
             ,
             and
             dung
             ;
             I
             think
             it
             impertinent
             to
             the
             treatise
             of
             Diet
             ,
             which
             sheweth
             not
             how
             to
             give
             Medicines
             but
             to
             use
             nourishments
             .
          
        
         
           
             Connies
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             not
             to
             be
             thought
             strange
             that
             Hippocrates
             and
             Galen
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Grecians
             wrote
             so
             little
             of
             Connies
             ,
             
             which
             with
             us
             ,
             above
             all
             other
             Nations
             is
             so
             common
             a
             
             meat
             .
             For
             as
             Ithaca
             never
             bred
             ,
             nor
             fostered
             them
             ,
             so
             in
             all
             Grece
             they
             hardly
             lived
             .
             Here
             (
             thanks
             be
             to
             God
             )
             they
             are
             plentiful
             ,
             in
             such
             sort
             that
             Alborne
             Chase
             affordeth
             above
             a
             hundred
             thousand
             couple
             a
             year
             ,
             to
             the
             benefit
             of
             good
             house-keeping
             ,
             and
             the
             poors
             maintenance
             .
             Rabbet
             suckers
             are
             best
             in
             March
             ,
             agreeing
             as
             well
             with
             old
             melancholick
             dry
             ,
             and
             weak
             stomacks
             ,
             as
             disagreeing
             with
             strong
             and
             moist
             complexions
             .
             A
             Midsomer
             Rabbets
             flesh
             is
             less
             moist
             and
             more
             nourishing
             ;
             but
             a
             Michaelmas
             or
             Winter
             Rabbet
             is
             of
             firm
             ,
             wholesome
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             and
             most
             laudable
             flesh
             :
             best
             roasted
             ,
             because
             their
             nourishing
             juice
             is
             soon
             soked
             out
             with
             the
             least
             seething
             ,
             making
             good
             broth
             and
             bad
             meat
             .
             Chuse
             the
             Female
             before
             the
             Male
             ,
             the
             fat
             before
             the
             lean
             ,
             and
             both
             from
             out
             a
             chalky
             ground
             and
             a
             sweet
             laire
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hedghoggs
             .
          
           
             When
             I
             considered
             how
             cleanly
             the
             Hedghogg
             feedeth
             ,
             namely
             upon
             Cows
             milk
             (
             if
             he
             can
             come
             by
             it
             )
             or
             upon
             fruit
             and
             mast
             ;
             I
             saw
             no
             reason
             to
             discontinue
             this
             meat
             any
             longer
             upon
             some
             fantastical
             dislike
             ;
             sith
             books
             ,
             nature
             and
             experience
             hath
             commended
             it
             unto
             us
             .
             For
             as
             Martial
             made
             Hares
             flesh
             the
             daintiest
             dish
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             
             so
             in
             Hippocrates
             time
             the
             Hedghogg
             was
             not
             of
             least
             account
             among
             the
             Grecians
             ;
             which
             he
             commendeth
             for
             an
             excellent
             nourishment
             ,
             were
             it
             not
             something
             
             too
             moist
             and
             diuretical
             .
             Nay
             (
             as
             some
             affirm
             )
             it
             nourisheth
             plentifully
             ,
             procureth
             appetite
             and
             sleep
             ,
             strengthneth
             Travailers
             ,
             preserveth
             Women
             with
             child
             from
             miscarrying
             ,
             
             dissolveth
             knots
             and
             kernelly
             tumours
             ,
             helps
             the
             Lepry
             ,
             Consumption
             ,
             Palsy
             ,
             Dropsie
             ,
             Stone
             ,
             and
             Convulsion
             ;
             onely
             it
             is
             forbidden
             unto
             Melancholick
             and
             Flegmatick
             persons
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             vexed
             with
             Piles
             or
             Hemorhoids
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Squirrels
             .
          
           
             Squirrels
             are
             much
             troubled
             with
             two
             diseases
             ,
             Choler
             and
             the
             Falling-sickness
             ;
             yet
             their
             hinder
             parts
             are
             indifferent
             good
             ,
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             ,
             fried
             with
             parsly
             and
             butter
             :
             but
             being
             no
             usual
             nor
             warrantable
             good
             meat
             ,
             let
             me
             skip
             with
             them
             and
             over
             them
             to
             another
             tree
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             time
             to
             write
             of
             the
             winged
             nation
             ,
             which
             promise
             us
             a
             second
             course
             of
             more
             dainty
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             say
             of
             more
             wholesome
             meats
             .
             Neither
             shall
             any
             discourse
             
             of
             Asses
             flesh
             (
             which
             Maecenas
             so
             highly
             loved
             ,
             that
             all
             Italy
             was
             too
             little
             to
             find
             him
             Asses
             enough
             )
             nor
             of
             horse
             
             flesh
             (
             for
             longing
             after
             which
             Gregory
             the
             third
             excommunicated
             the
             Germans
             )
             nor
             of
             Foxes
             flesh
             (
             which
             the
             Vandales
             eat
             for
             restorative
             )
             nor
             of
             Lions
             flesh
             (
             wherewith
             
             Achilles
             was
             dieted
             in
             his
             pupillage
             )
             nor
             of
             Beares
             flesh
             (
             which
             the
             Moscovite
             calls
             his
             
               great
               venison
            
             )
             nor
             of
             Apes
             flesh
             though
             it
             most
             resembleth
             a
             man
             (
             which
             the
             Zygantes
             in
             Africa
             highly
             esteam
             &
             eat
             of
             in
             their
             solemn
             feasts
             )
             nor
             of
             Lysards
             ,
             Tortesses
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             four-footed
             beasts
             :
             nor
             of
             mans
             flesh
             ,
             albeit
             the
             Canibals
             
             praise
             it
             above
             all
             other
             (
             as
             Osorius
             writeth
             )
             and
             Cambletes
             King
             of
             Lydia
             having
             eaten
             of
             his
             own
             wife
             ,
             said
             he
             was
             sorry
             to
             have
             been
             ignorant
             so
             long
             of
             so
             good
             a
             dish
             .
             As
             for
             the
             flesh
             also
             of
             young
             puppies
             (
             commended
             of
             Hippocrates
             
             &
             afterwards
             of
             Galen
             )
             howsoever
             in
             the
             Isles
             of
             
               Corsica
               &
               Alalta
            
             they
             are
             still
             esteemed
             as
             good
             meat
             ,
             yet
             Cardan
             saith
             in
             his
             divers
             history
             ,
             that
             they
             made
             the
             people
             like
             to
             doggs
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             cruel
             ,
             stout
             ,
             rash
             ,
             bould
             ,
             and
             nimble
             .
             Wherefore
             leaping
             over
             these
             insolent
             and
             bad
             meats
             ,
             which
             neither
             use
             nor
             reason
             hath
             confirmed
             .
             I
             now
             to
             come
             treat
             of
             Birds
             and
             fowl
             ,
             and
             then
             of
             fish
             ,
             and
             the
             fruits
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             waters
             according
             to
             my
             first
             division
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           10.
           
        
         
           Of
           the
           Flesh
           of
           tame
           Birds
           .
        
         
           THat
           the
           Flesh
           of
           tame
           foul
           nourisheth
           more
           then
           wild
           foul
           ,
           Isaac
           the
           Physitian
           proveth
           by
           three
           
           arguments
           .
           First
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           more
           usually
           eaten
           of
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           custom
           (
           a
           second
           nature
           )
           made
           more
           agreeable
           to
           our
           stomacks
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           where
           al
           other
           Birds
           fly
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           are
           not
           gotten
           without
           cost
           and
           travel
           :
           nature
           hath
           caused
           tame
           Birds
           to
           converse
           with
           us
           ,
           and
           to
           offer
           themselves
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           to
           be
           killed
           at
           our
           pleasure
           :
           which
           verily
           she
           would
           never
           have
           done
           ,
           had
           they
           been
           of
           a
           small
           or
           a
           bad
           nourishment
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           wild
           foul
           (
           for
           the
           most
           part
           )
           especially
           such
           as
           flye
           far
           for
           a
           little
           meat
           ,
           and
           trust
           more
           to
           their
           wings
           then
           their
           feet
           ,
           though
           they
           are
           more
           light
           in
           digestion
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           of
           a
           more
           spirituous
           &
           aiery
           substance
           ;
           yet
           they
           are
           not
           of
           so
           abundant
           nourishment
           as
           tame
           houshold
           Birds
           ,
           which
           feed
           not
           at
           randome
           of
           what
           they
           can
           get
           ,
           but
           of
           good
           corne
           ,
           such
           as
           men
           themselves
           eate
           ,
           and
           therefore
           most
           fit
           to
           nourish
           man.
           
        
         
           Now
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           fowl
           ,
           remember
           that
           the
           youngest
           is
           tenderest
           and
           lightest
           ;
           old
           Birds
           flesh
           is
           heaviest
           ,
           but
           they
           which
           are
           proceeding
           to
           their
           full
           growth
           are
           most
           nourishing
           ;
           for
           ungrown
           Birds
           (
           and
           much
           more
           nestlers
           )
           give
           but
           a
           weak
           thin
           and
           gelly-like
           substance
           ,
           old
           Birds
           are
           tough
           and
           dry
           ;
           those
           which
           are
           almost
           fully
           grown
           are
           of
           a
           more
           fleshy
           and
           firm
           nature
           .
        
         
           Furthermore
           all
           Birds
           feeding
           themselves
           abroad
           fat
           with
           wholesome
           meat
           ,
           are
           of
           better
           nourishment
           then
           such
           as
           be
           cram'd
           in
           a
           coop
           or
           little
           house
           :
           for
           as
           prisoners
           
           smell
           of
           the
           Gaol
           ,
           so
           do
           they
           of
           their
           own
           dung
           .
        
         
           And
           thus
           much
           generally
           of
           birds
           :
           Now
           let
           us
           come
           to
           every
           particular
           .
        
         
           
             Pulli
             Gallenacei
             .
          
           
             
             Chickens
             (
             saith
             Avicen
             )
             are
             so
             pure
             and
             fine
             a
             meat
             ,
             that
             they
             engender
             no
             excrements
             in
             our
             bodies
             ,
             having
             in
             themselves
             no
             illaudable
             substance
             :
             Wherefore
             Caius
             
             Famius
             being
             sick
             of
             a
             burning
             feaver
             which
             had
             almost
             consumed
             all
             his
             flesh
             ,
             was
             advised
             by
             his
             Physicians
             to
             eat
             of
             no
             other
             meat
             then
             Chickens
             :
             whereby
             he
             recovered
             his
             consumption
             ;
             and
             the
             eleventh
             year
             after
             the
             second
             Carthaginian
             Wars
             ,
             made
             a
             Law
             ,
             that
             nothing
             but
             Chickens
             or
             young
             Pullets
             fed
             in
             the
             Camp
             should
             be
             brought
             to
             him
             at
             his
             meals
             .
             The
             young
             Cockrels
             are
             counted
             the
             best
             in
             this
             kind
             ,
             being
             of
             all
             flesh
             the
             most
             commendable
             ,
             nourishing
             strongly
             ,
             augmenting
             seed
             ,
             and
             
             stirring
             up
             lust
             :
             For
             which
             purpose
             Boleslaus
             Duke
             of
             Silesia
             did
             eat
             thirteen
             Cock-chickens
             at
             a
             meal
             ;
             whereof
             he
             died
             without
             having
             his
             purpose
             fulfilled
             ,
             because
             he
             knew
             not
             how
             to
             use
             so
             wholsom
             a
             creature
             .
          
           
             We
             doe
             not
             amiss
             in
             England
             to
             eat
             sodden
             Chickens
             and
             Bacon
             together
             ,
             for
             if
             they
             were
             eaten
             first
             ,
             and
             Bacon
             after
             ,
             they
             would
             oversoon
             be
             digested
             ,
             and
             if
             they
             were
             eaten
             after
             Bacon
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             corrupted
             :
             but
             
             they
             are
             best
             being
             rosted
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             a
             moist
             meat
             ;
             and
             if
             they
             be
             sawced
             with
             Sorrel
             and
             Sugar
             ,
             or
             with
             a
             little
             Butter
             and
             Grape-Verjuice
             ,
             they
             are
             a
             most
             temperate
             meat
             for
             weak
             stomacks
             (
             as
             Platina
             and
             Bucinus
             set
             down
             )
             for
             no
             man
             I
             think
             is
             so
             foolish
             as
             to
             commend
             them
             to
             Ploughmen
             and
             Besomers
             .
             White
             Chickens
             are
             found
             by
             experience
             to
             be
             hardest
             of
             digeston
             ,
             as
             Gilbert
             our
             Countryman
             writ
             a
             great
             while
             since
             :
             Yet
             Griunerius
             preferreth
             them
             for
             Hectick
             persons
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             coldest
             and
             moistest
             of
             complexion
             .
             They
             are
             all
             
             best
             in
             Summer
             ,
             as
             contrariwise
             Pullets
             and
             Hens
             be
             best
             in
             Winter
             .
             Cock-chickens
             are
             best
             before
             they
             crow
             lowd
             ,
             Hen-chickens
             before
             the
             cock
             offereth
             to
             tread
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Galli
             .
          
           
             
             
               Cocks
               Flesh
            
             ,
             the
             more
             old
             it
             is
             ,
             the
             less
             it
             nourisheth
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             be
             young
             ,
             and
             kept
             from
             their
             Hens
             ,
             and
             dieted
             with
             white
             bread
             and
             milk
             ,
             or
             wheat
             steept
             in
             milk
             ,
             they
             recover
             men
             out
             of
             Consumptions
             ,
             and
             Hectick
             fevers
             :
             and
             then
             their
             stones
             ,
             livers
             ,
             and
             loyns
             ,
             are
             of
             excellent
             good
             nourishment
             :
             being
             sodden
             they
             are
             nothing
             worth
             ,
             for
             their
             goodness
             is
             all
             in
             the
             broth
             :
             as
             for
             their
             flesh
             ,
             it
             is
             good
             for
             nothing
             but
             to
             dry
             and
             bind
             the
             stomack
             .
             Galen
             saith
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             broth
             of
             a
             Hen
             bindeth
             
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             the
             flesh
             loosneth
             the
             same
             ;
             so
             contrariwise
             the
             broth
             of
             a
             Cock
             loosneth
             ,
             and
             the
             flesh
             bindeth
             .
             They
             of
             the
             game
             are
             esteemed
             most
             wholsom
             ;
             called
             of
             the
             
               Romans
               ,
               Medici
               galli
            
             ,
             Cocks
             of
             Physick
             ,
             because
             the
             Physicians
             most
             commended
             them
             :
             Amongst
             which
             ,
             if
             I
             should
             prefer
             the
             Kentish
             kind
             for
             bigness
             and
             sweetness
             ,
             I
             suppose
             no
             injury
             to
             be
             done
             to
             any
             Shire
             of
             England
             .
             Chuse
             the
             youngest
             (
             as
             I
             said
             )
             for
             nourishment
             :
             
             for
             if
             once
             he
             be
             two
             years
             old
             ,
             his
             flesh
             waxeth
             brackish
             ,
             tough
             ,
             and
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             fitter
             to
             be
             sodden
             in
             broth
             for
             the
             loosning
             of
             the
             belly
             ,
             then
             any
             way
             to
             be
             dressed
             for
             encrease
             of
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gallinae
             .
          
           
             Hens
             are
             best
             before
             they
             have
             ever
             laid
             ,
             and
             yet
             are
             full
             of
             eggs
             ;
             they
             also
             are
             best
             in
             January
             ,
             and
             cold
             months
             ,
             because
             long
             rest
             and
             sleep
             in
             the
             long
             nights
             makes
             them
             then
             fattest
             .
             Their
             flesh
             is
             very
             temperate
             
             (
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             )
             of
             good
             juice
             ,
             and
             large
             nourishment
             ,
             strengthening
             natural
             heat
             ,
             engendring
             good
             blood
             ,
             sharpning
             a
             dull
             appetite
             ,
             quickning
             the
             eysight
             ,
             
             nourishing
             the
             brain
             and
             seed
             ,
             and
             agreeing
             with
             all
             ages
             and
             complexions
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             neither
             so
             hot
             as
             to
             turn
             into
             choler
             ,
             nor
             so
             cold
             as
             to
             turn
             into
             fleagm
             ,
             nor
             so
             dry
             as
             to
             be
             converted
             into
             melancholie
             (
             and
             yet
             Rhasis
             imagineth
             them
             to
             have
             a
             secret
             property
             of
             breeding
             the
             Gout
             and
             Hemorrhoids
             )
             but
             turn
             wholly
             ,
             or
             for
             the
             most
             part
             into
             blood
             ,
             making
             a
             lively
             colour
             in
             the
             face
             ,
             and
             quickning
             both
             the
             eyesight
             and
             every
             sense
             .
             Pullets
             
             flesh
             (
             saith
             Avicen
             )
             helpeth
             the
             wit
             ,
             cleareth
             the
             voice
             ,
             and
             encreaseth
             the
             seed
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             manifest
             argument
             that
             it
             nourisheth
             greatly
             ;
             which
             also
             Gallen
             confirmeth
             by
             many
             other
             arguments
             ;
             but
             that
             argument
             of
             encreasing
             seed
             is
             the
             chiefest
             of
             all
             ,
             seed
             being
             the
             superfluity
             or
             abundance
             of
             nourishment
             .
             Hens
             flesh
             is
             sweetest
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             not
             too
             much
             fed
             ,
             but
             dig
             out
             their
             meat
             with
             
             their
             heels
             in
             a
             clean
             flour
             ;
             for
             exercise
             consumeth
             the
             superfluous
             moisture
             ,
             which
             else
             cannot
             but
             make
             them
             more
             unpleasant
             .
             Nevertheless
             the
             Delians
             used
             to
             fat
             them
             with
             bread
             steept
             in
             milk
             ,
             and
             
               Platina
               ,
               Apicius
            
             ,
             and
             Stendelius
             shew
             many
             waies
             to
             fatten
             them
             ;
             but
             the
             best
             way
             is
             to
             let
             them
             fat
             themselves
             with
             pure
             corne
             cast
             amongst
             chaff
             ,
             that
             by
             exercise
             of
             their
             legs
             in
             shuffl●ng
             and
             
             scraping
             they
             may
             make
             their
             flesh
             to
             eat
             better
             ,
             and
             prove
             more
             wholesome
             ;
             and
             yet
             by
             your
             leave
             (
             Mr.
             Poulter
             )
             the
             fattest
             Hen
             or
             Capon
             is
             not
             wholesomest
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             is
             of
             a
             middle
             fatness
             ;
             for
             as
             in
             a
             man
             too
             much
             fatness
             is
             both
             a
             cause
             of
             diseases
             ,
             and
             a
             disease
             it self
             ,
             so
             falleth
             it
             out
             in
             their
             bodies
             ;
             which
             how
             can
             they
             be
             wholesome
             meat
             unto
             others
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             diseased
             in
             themselves
             ?
          
           
             Of
             a
             black
             Hen
             the
             broath
             is
             whitest
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             black
             Goat
             the
             milk
             is
             purest
             ;
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Hens
             and
             Hares
             are
             scurvy
             and
             leprous
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             CAPI
             .
          
           
             Capons
             of
             seven
             or
             eight
             months
             age
             ,
             fatned
             in
             an
             open
             air
             ,
             on
             a
             clean
             flour
             with
             pure
             meat
             ,
             are
             preferred
             by
             all
             Physitians
             (
             old
             or
             modern
             ,
             Greeks
             or
             Latins
             )
             before
             all
             meats
             .
             And
             to
             say
             the
             truth
             ,
             what
             dish
             can
             any
             Cooks-shop
             afford
             ,
             that
             can
             be
             compared
             with
             a
             boild
             or
             rosted
             Capon
             ?
             which
             helpeth
             appetite
             ,
             openeth
             the
             brest
             ,
             cleareth
             the
             voice
             ,
             fatneth
             lean
             men
             ,
             nourisheth
             all
             men
             ,
             restoreth
             sickmen
             ,
             hurteth
             none
             but
             the
             idle
             ,
             tasteth
             pleasantly
             ,
             digesteth
             easily
             ;
             which
             is
             also
             more
             solid
             then
             the
             flesh
             of
             Pullets
             ,
             more
             tender
             then
             Cocks
             ,
             more
             familiar
             to
             our
             nature
             then
             Phesants
             or
             Partridges
             ;
             not
             so
             dry
             as
             a
             Cock
             to
             be
             slowly
             digested
             ,
             not
             so
             moist
             as
             a
             chicken
             ,
             to
             be
             soon
             corrupted
             ;
             but
             equally
             affected
             and
             tempered
             in
             all
             qualities
             ,
             engendring
             much
             blood
             and
             yet
             unoffensive
             ,
             engendring
             much
             seed
             without
             unnatural
             sharpness
             or
             heat
             :
             finally
             the
             flesh
             of
             Capons
             is
             so
             mild
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             that
             Faventinus
             fears
             not
             to
             make
             it
             the
             ground
             
             of
             his
             restorative
             electuary
             ;
             yea
             
               Aloisius
               Mundella
            
             thinketh
             him
             to
             be
             desperately
             consumed
             ,
             whom
             Capon-gellies
             and
             cullises
             cannot
             recover
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             preparation
             of
             them
             ,
             I
             commend
             them
             roasted
             for
             moist
             stomacks
             ;
             but
             beeing
             boild
             with
             sweet
             marrow
             in
             white
             broth
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             speedier
             ,
             though
             not
             of
             stronger
             nourishment
             .
             Now
             if
             a
             Capon
             be
             so
             wholesome
             a
             meat
             ,
             why
             should
             we
             not
             also
             by
             stitching
             up
             some
             veins
             ,
             or
             searing
             them
             in
             the
             loins
             ,
             try
             whether
             we
             may
             not
             likewise
             make
             Hen-capenets
             ?
             which
             the
             Italians
             practise
             to
             good
             purpose
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             exceeding
             fat
             ;
             but
             yet
             in
             Pisanels
             judgment
             they
             eat
             too
             moist
             .
             One
             
             word
             more
             of
             the
             Etymology
             of
             a
             Capon
             ;
             which
             some
             derive
             from
             the
             English
             by
             an
             Irony
             ,
             Capon
             ;
             because
             he
             hath
             not
             his
             cap
             on
             :
             others
             from
             the
             Italian
             ,
             Capone
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               qua
               pone
            
             ,
             set
             it
             hither
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             an
             excellent
             
             
             dish
             ;
             but
             I
             like
             Fritagius
             his
             Etimologie
             best
             of
             all
             ,
             
               Caponem
               dicimus
               quasi
               caput
               omnium
            
             :
             We
             call
             it
             a
             Capon
             saith
             he
             in
             th●
             Latin
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             
               Caput
               omnium
               ,
               the
               head
               or
               chief
               of
               all
               other
               meats
               .
            
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             a
             Capon
             ,
             whose
             excellencies
             had
             the
             heralds
             known
             when
             Dr.
             Capon
             bought
             his
             arms
             of
             them
             ,
             I
             see
             no
             reason
             why
             they
             should
             have
             preferred
             into
             his
             Scutchions
             three
             Cocks
             ,
             all
             being
             nothing
             equivalent
             to
             one
             Capon
             .
          
        
         
           
             Galli
             Africani
             .
             Meleagrides
             .
          
           
             Turkies
             ,
             though
             they
             be
             very
             hardly
             brought
             up
             ,
             and
             require
             great
             cost
             for
             their
             feeding
             ,
             yet
             their
             flesh
             is
             most
             dainty
             and
             worthy
             a
             Princes
             Table
             .
             They
             were
             first
             brought
             from
             Numidia
             into
             Turky
             and
             thence
             to
             Europe
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             were
             called
             Turkies
             .
             There
             are
             some
             which
             lately
             brought
             hither
             certain
             checkred
             Hens
             and
             Cocks
             out
             of
             new
             Guiny
             ,
             spoted
             white
             and
             black
             like
             a
             Barbers
             apron
             ;
             whose
             flesh
             is
             like
             to
             the
             flesh
             of
             Turkies
             ,
             &
             both
             of
             them
             like
             the
             flesh
             of
             our
             hens
             &
             cockchickens
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             be
             two
             parts
             hotter
             and
             moister
             then
             ours
             .
             The
             youngest
             ,
             fatted
             in
             the
             fields
             or
             at
             the
             barn
             door
             ,
             killed
             also
             in
             Winter
             rather
             then
             in
             Sommer
             ,
             and
             hanged
             a
             day
             and
             night
             before
             they
             be
             drest
             ,
             are
             wholesomest
             to
             be
             eaten
             and
             of
             best
             nourishment
             .
             Their
             flesh
             recovereth
             strength
             ,
             nourisheth
             plentifully
             ,
             kindleth
             lust
             ,
             agreeth
             with
             every
             person
             and
             complexion
             ,
             saving
             such
             as
             be
             of
             too
             hot
             a
             temper
             ,
             or
             enclined
             to
             rhumes
             or
             gouts
             ;
             it
             must
             be
             throughly
             roasted
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             be
             sticked
             full
             of
             cloves
             in
             the
             roasting
             ,
             or
             when
             it
             is
             to
             be
             baked
             (
             which
             are
             the
             two
             best
             waies
             to
             cook
             a
             Turky
             )
             it
             will
             soke
             up
             the
             watrishness
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             of
             speedier
             digestion
             .
          
        
         
           
             PAVONES
             .
          
           
             Peacocks
             are
             (
             as
             Poets
             fain
             )
             the
             beloved
             Birds
             of
             Juno
             :
             which
             none
             durst
             kill
             in
             old
             time
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             that
             jealous
             and
             revengeful
             Goddesses
             displeasure
             .
             Among
             the
             Romans
             
             
               Quintus
               Hortensius
            
             was
             the
             first
             that
             ever
             brought
             
             them
             to
             the
             table
             ;
             whose
             commendation
             made
             them
             so
             desired
             ,
             that
             within
             a
             while
             a
             Peacocks
             egg
             was
             sold
             for
             ten
             pieces
             of
             silver
             ,
             and
             his
             kacrsas
             for
             twenty
             times
             as
             much
             .
             Afterwards
             
               Marcus
               Lurco
            
             seeing
             that
             old
             and
             
             lean
             Peacocks
             grew
             to
             such
             a
             rate
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             cram
             them
             fat
             whilst
             they
             were
             young
             ,
             and
             gained
             thereby
             in
             a
             short
             time
             six
             thousand
             Sesterties
             .
          
           
             
             Leo
             the
             tenth
             (
             that
             noble
             Epicurean
             Pope
             )
             made
             their
             brawnes
             into
             Sausages
             ,
             allowing
             therefore
             every
             year
             many
             hundred
             Ducats
             .
             It
             is
             strange
             that
             S.
             Austin
             writes
             
             of
             Peacocks
             flesh
             ,
             namely
             that
             in
             a
             twelve
             month
             it
             corrupteth
             not
             after
             it
             is
             drest
             :
             Nay
             Kiranides
             avoucheth
             ,
             that
             a
             Peacocks
             flesh
             will
             not
             putrifie
             in
             thirty
             years
             ,
             but
             remaineth
             then
             as
             sound
             and
             sweet
             as
             if
             it
             had
             been
             new
             killed
             ;
             which
             whether
             it
             proceed
             of
             the
             toughness
             and
             sinewy
             constitution
             ,
             or
             the
             feeding
             upon
             Serpents
             (
             as
             some
             imagine
             )
             I
             will
             not
             now
             determin
             :
             this
             I
             onely
             observe
             ,
             that
             being
             once
             above
             a
             year
             old
             ,
             their
             flesh
             is
             very
             hard
             ,
             tough
             ,
             and
             melancholick
             ,
             requiring
             a
             strong
             stomack
             ,
             much
             wine
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             great
             exercise
             to
             overcome
             it
             .
             It
             is
             very
             ill
             for
             them
             that
             are
             molested
             with
             the
             Hemorrhoids
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             live
             slothfully
             .
          
           
             
             Concerning
             their
             preparation
             ,
             Galen
             appointeth
             them
             to
             hang
             upon
             a
             hook
             fifteen
             daies
             ,
             but
             Haliabbas
             twise
             fifteen
             before
             they
             are
             drest
             .
             The
             Italians
             after
             they
             are
             drawn
             ,
             stuff
             their
             bodies
             full
             of
             nettles
             (
             which
             softneth
             the
             hardest
             cheese
             being
             laid
             amongst
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             either
             bury
             it
             in
             sand
             ,
             or
             hang
             it
             in
             a
             cold
             dry
             place
             ,
             with
             a
             great
             weight
             at
             his
             heels
             ;
             and
             so
             within
             a
             fornight
             it
             becomes
             very
             tender
             .
             Plutarch
             reports
             out
             of
             his
             countriments
             
             experiments
             ,
             that
             an
             old
             Cock
             ,
             or
             an
             old
             Peacock
             ,
             or
             any
             hard
             flesh
             ,
             hanging
             but
             one
             night
             on
             a
             fig-tree
             ,
             waxeth
             very
             tender
             by
             morning
             :
             others
             ascribe
             as
             much
             to
             the
             
             hanging
             of
             them
             upon
             a
             brasen
             hook
             ,
             which
             I
             permit
             to
             trial
             ;
             and
             wish
             both
             as
             true
             in
             effect
             ,
             as
             the
             reasons
             why
             they
             should
             be
             so
             are
             learnedly
             disputed
             .
             As
             for
             young
             Peacocks
             ,
             fed
             at
             home
             ,
             with
             wholesome
             and
             pure
             meat
             (
             as
             bread
             corn
             and
             curds
             )
             no
             doubt
             they
             are
             very
             good
             meat
             ,
             yeelding
             not
             onely
             a
             taste
             extraordinarily
             strange
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             but
             also
             giving
             good
             nourishment
             :
             the
             older
             sort
             is
             best
             roasted
             with
             lard
             ;
             the
             younger
             without
             lard
             ,
             both
             should
             be
             well
             sowced
             in
             pure
             wine
             ;
             for
             without
             it
             they
             are
             unwholesome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anseres
             .
          
           
             
             Galen
             commendeth
             nothing
             in
             a
             Goose
             beside
             the
             Giblets
             ,
             Stomack
             ,
             and
             Liver
             ,
             sodden
             in
             broth
             :
             which
             whether
             
             
               Scipio
               Metellus
            
             ,
             or
             
               Marcus
               Sestius
            
             first
             noted
             ,
             Pisanellus
             durst
             not
             decide
             ;
             but
             had
             he
             been
             as
             conversant
             in
             Pliny
             ,
             as
             he
             might
             have
             been
             ,
             he
             should
             have
             read
             ,
             that
             a
             question
             was
             moved
             in
             Rome
             ,
             who
             did
             first
             fatten
             geese
             :
             
             some
             imputing
             it
             to
             Scipio
             and
             some
             to
             Sestius
             .
             But
             
               Messalinus
               Cotta
            
             without
             all
             controversie
             was
             the
             first
             ,
             that
             ever
             taught
             how
             to
             dress
             and
             use
             their
             Giblets
             .
          
           
             
             Nevertheless
             sith
             the
             Kings
             of
             Egypt
             feed
             usually
             but
             on
             two
             dishes
             ,
             Geese
             and
             Veal
             ;
             either
             custome
             hath
             made
             them
             a
             harmless
             meat
             ,
             or
             else
             they
             are
             not
             so
             hard
             ,
             hot
             ,
             aguish
             ,
             and
             melancholick
             a
             meat
             as
             some
             suppose
             them
             .
             
             
               Jason
               Pratensis
            
             saith
             ,
             that
             the
             Jews
             have
             so
             hard
             a
             flesh
             ,
             so
             foul
             a
             skin
             ,
             so
             loathsome
             a
             savour
             ,
             and
             so
             crooked
             conditions
             ,
             because
             they
             eat
             so
             many
             Geese
             .
             Indeed
             
             their
             exceeding
             watchfulness
             ,
             moody
             disposition
             ,
             and
             blackness
             of
             flesh
             ,
             argue
             a
             melancholick
             constitution
             ;
             yet
             being
             taken
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             ,
             green
             feathered
             ,
             and
             well
             fatted
             with
             wholesome
             meat
             ,
             and
             eaten
             with
             
             sorrel
             sawce
             to
             correct
             their
             malignity
             (
             if
             any
             malignity
             can
             remain
             after
             such
             dieting
             )
             no
             doubt
             their
             flesh
             is
             as
             nourishing
             as
             it
             is
             pleasant
             and
             sweet
             .
             But
             of
             all
             other
             a
             
             young
             stuble
             goose
             feeding
             it self
             fat
             in
             wheaten
             fields
             ,
             is
             the
             best
             of
             all
             ;
             being
             neither
             of
             too
             moist
             nor
             too
             dry
             a
             flesh
             ,
             but
             a
             middle
             constitution
             .
             If
             any
             Goose
             be
             eaten
             above
             four
             months
             old
             ,
             it
             is
             badly
             digested
             without
             Garlick
             sauce
             ,
             exercise
             ,
             and
             strong
             drink
             .
             Fritagius
             ,
             in
             his
             Creophagia
             ,
             having
             set
             down
             that
             young
             Geese
             are
             over-moist
             ,
             and
             old
             Geese
             very
             aguish
             ,
             appointeh
             them
             to
             be
             both
             corrected
             in
             this
             sort
             .
             Before
             they
             be
             killed
             make
             them
             to
             receive
             the
             smoke
             of
             Borax
             down
             into
             their
             bodies
             three
             or
             four
             times
             together
             ;
             then
             stuff
             them
             with
             spices
             and
             sweet
             hearbs
             ,
             and
             rost
             them
             throughly
             ;
             which
             is
             a
             very
             good
             way
             to
             correct
             their
             superfluous
             moisture
             ;
             but
             nothing
             available
             for
             their
             aguishness
             .
          
           
             
             Savanarola
             maketh
             Geese
             of
             a
             very
             hot
             constitution
             ,
             Albertus
             maketh
             them
             very
             cold
             ;
             their
             flesh
             is
             hard
             to
             digest
             ,
             and
             yet
             more
             moist
             (
             saith
             Galen
             )
             then
             of
             any
             water-foul
             besides
             :
             but
             their
             natural
             feeding
             shews
             them
             to
             be
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             as
             Savanarola
             writeth
             ;
             for
             they
             drink
             infinitely
             often
             ,
             delight
             to
             be
             in
             the
             coldest
             waters
             ,
             and
             feed
             most
             gladly
             upon
             Lettice
             ,
             Endiff
             ,
             Purcelane
             ,
             Trifoil
             ,
             Ducks
             meat
             and
             Sowthistle
             .
             They
             are
             so
             tame
             and
             obsequious
             to
             them
             that
             usually
             feed
             and
             dieted
             them
             ,
             that
             (
             if
             Pliny
             saith
             truth
             )
             they
             were
             driven
             (
             like
             sheep
             )
             from
             Brabant
             and
             Picardy
             to
             Rome
             on
             foot
             ;
             but
             I
             fear
             me
             whilst
             he
             did
             so
             excessively
             commend
             their
             obedience
             ,
             he
             did
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               play
               the
               very
               Goose
               himself
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cygni
             .
          
           
             Swans
             flesh
             was
             forbidden
             the
             Jewes
             ,
             because
             by
             them
             the
             Hieroglyphical
             Sages
             did
             describe
             hypocrisie
             ;
             for
             as
             Swans
             have
             the
             whitest
             feathers
             and
             the
             blackest
             flesh
             of
             all
             birds
             ,
             so
             the
             heart
             of
             Hypocrites
             is
             contrary
             to
             their
             outward
             appearance
             .
          
           
             So
             that
             not
             for
             the
             badness
             of
             their
             flesh
             ,
             but
             for
             resembling
             of
             wicked
             mens
             minds
             they
             were
             forbidden
             :
             
             for
             being
             young
             they
             are
             not
             the
             worst
             of
             meats
             ;
             nay
             if
             they
             be
             kept
             in
             a
             little
             pound
             and
             well
             fed
             with
             Corn
             ,
             their
             flesh
             will
             not
             onely
             alter
             the
             blackness
             ,
             but
             also
             be
             freed
             of
             the
             unwholesomness
             ;
             Being
             thus
             used
             ,
             they
             are
             appointed
             to
             be
             the
             first
             dish
             at
             the
             Emperour
             of
             
             Moscovie
             his
             table
             ,
             and
             also
             much
             esteemed
             in
             East-Friezland
             .
          
           
             Nevertheless
             I
             deny
             not
             but
             that
             naturally
             they
             are
             unwholesome
             ,
             for
             their
             flesh
             is
             hard
             and
             black
             ;
             and
             all
             flesh
             the
             blacker
             it
             is
             ,
             the
             heavier
             it
             is
             ,
             the
             whiter
             the
             lighter
             ;
             and
             the
             more
             red
             the
             more
             enclining
             to
             heaviness
             ,
             the
             less
             red
             the
             more
             enclining
             to
             lightness
             and
             easiness
             of
             digestion
             :
             which
             being
             once
             written
             for
             a
             general
             rule
             ,
             needs
             not
             (
             I
             hope
             )
             hereafter
             to
             be
             repeated
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anates
             .
          
           
             
               Tame
               Ducks
            
             feed
             filthly
             ,
             upon
             froggs
             ,
             toades
             ,
             mud
             ,
             waterspiders
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             venemous
             and
             foul
             things
             :
             
             Wherefore
             it
             is
             not
             untruly
             said
             of
             Gesner
             ,
             that
             the
             best
             part
             of
             a
             Duck
             are
             his
             feathers
             ;
             for
             his
             flesh
             is
             hotter
             
             then
             of
             any
             tame
             fowl
             ,
             and
             withall
             toomoist
             ,
             hard
             ,
             gross
             ,
             of
             slow
             digestion
             ,
             and
             very
             excremental
             ;
             yea
             furthermore
             ,
             
             so
             aguish
             ,
             that
             once
             or
             twice
             it
             brought
             Galen
             himself
             into
             a
             fever
             ,
             while
             he
             desired
             to
             try
             the
             operation
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             Nevertheless
             young
             Ducklings
             fed
             with
             grinded
             malt
             and
             cheese
             curds
             ,
             drinking
             nothing
             but
             milk
             (
             or
             chalkwater
             )
             
             wax
             both
             white
             ,
             fat
             ,
             and
             soft
             in
             flesh
             ,
             giving
             much
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             clearing
             the
             colour
             of
             ones
             face
             ,
             amending
             hoarsness
             of
             throats
             ,
             encreasing
             seed
             ,
             and
             dispelling
             
             wind
             :
             wherein
             we
             may
             see
             ,
             that
             art
             and
             diet
             can
             make
             that
             wholsome
             ,
             which
             nature
             of
             it self
             hath
             made
             hurtful
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pipiones
             .
             Columbae
             .
          
           
             
               Tame
               Pigeons
            
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             the
             one
             great
             and
             very
             tame
             ,
             breeding
             monthly
             ,
             kept
             and
             fed
             continually
             at
             
             home
             :
             the
             other
             fed
             never
             at
             home
             but
             in
             Cadlock
             time
             and
             the
             dead
             of
             Winter
             ,
             when
             they
             can
             get
             no
             meat
             abroad
             ,
             breeding
             onely
             but
             twice
             a
             year
             ,
             namely
             at
             the
             first
             and
             later
             seed-time
             .
             They
             are
             of
             a
             very
             hot
             complexion
             ,
             and
             dry
             when
             they
             are
             old
             ;
             but
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             they
             are
             hot
             and
             moist
             ;
             the
             wilder
             sort
             is
             most
             wholesome
             ,
             being
             killed
             after
             it
             hath
             flown
             a
             while
             up
             and
             down
             the
             Dove-house
             ,
             for
             then
             they
             give
             a
             purer
             juice
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             their
             foggy
             moisture
             is
             lessened
             by
             exercise
             ;
             also
             they
             must
             be
             let
             blood
             to
             death
             under
             the
             
             wing
             ,
             which
             though
             Dr.
             Hector
             assumed
             to
             himself
             as
             his
             own
             invention
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             of
             no
             less
             antiquity
             then
             Plinies
             writings
             .
             Being
             thus
             newly
             killed
             and
             forthwith
             rosted
             at
             a
             blasing
             fire
             ,
             their
             flesh
             engendreth
             great
             store
             of
             blood
             ,
             recalling
             heat
             unto
             weak
             persons
             ,
             clensing
             the
             kidneys
             ,
             quickly
             restoring
             decayed
             spirits
             ,
             especially
             in
             phlegmatick
             and
             aged
             persons
             ,
             for
             whom
             they
             are
             most
             proper
             .
             In
             Galens
             time
             (
             saith
             Rhasis
             )
             they
             onely
             pluckt
             off
             their
             heads
             and
             cast
             them
             away
             ;
             but
             bleeding
             under
             the
             wing
             is
             far
             better
             ,
             and
             maketh
             their
             flesh
             more
             cold
             and
             whiter
             ;
             in
             so
             much
             that
             Galen
             is
             not
             afraid
             ,
             to
             commend
             them
             to
             persons
             sick
             of
             agues
             .
             Nay
             the
             Italians
             do
             as
             usually
             give
             them
             in
             agues
             ,
             as
             we
             do
             Chickens
             .
             Pigeons
             of
             the
             first
             flight
             are
             counted
             better
             ,
             because
             the
             latter
             flight
             is
             after
             they
             have
             eaten
             cadlocks
             ,
             which
             maketh
             them
             neither
             to
             eat
             so
             sweet
             ,
             nor
             to
             prove
             so
             white
             and
             wholesome
             :
             when
             they
             cannot
             be
             had
             ,
             home
             Pigeons
             (
             I
             mean
             of
             the
             greater
             sort
             )
             are
             to
             be
             taken
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             used
             in
             the
             like
             manner
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XI
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           flesh
           of
           wild
           fowl
           ,
           ahiding
           and
           feeding
           chiefly
           upon
           the
           Land.
           
        
         
           THere
           is
           no
           small
           difference
           of
           Land
           fowl
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           meat
           they
           feed
           on
           ,
           and
           the
           place
           they
           live
           in
           ;
           for
           the
           purer
           their
           meat
           ,
           the
           better
           meat
           they
           are
           themselves
           ;
           they
           that
           feed
           upon
           flesh
           or
           garbage
           ,
           are
           not
           so
           wholesome
           as
           they
           that
           feed
           upon
           good
           corn
           ,
           bents
           ,
           or
           wholesome
           seeds
           ;
           less
           wholesome
           are
           they
           which
           feed
           upon
           worms
           and
           fish
           on
           the
           Sea
           shore
           ,
           or
           rivers
           banks
           ;
           but
           worst
           of
           all
           other
           ,
           they
           that
           feed
           upon
           Serpents
           ,
           Spiders
           and
           Venemous
           beasts
           :
           which
           no
           doubt
           may
           prove
           very
           medicinable
           to
           cure
           diseases
           ,
           but
           they
           cannot
           prove
           nourishing
           (
           keeping
           their
           natural
           diet
           )
           to
           restore
           flesh
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           the
           place
           wherein
           they
           live
           and
           feed
           ,
           it
           is
           certain
           that
           high
           and
           dry
           Countries
           have
           the
           wholesomest
           Birds
           :
           for
           they
           which
           sit
           in
           low
           and
           moist
           places
           ,
           are
           of
           no
           sweet
           nor
           wholesome
           complexion
           .
        
         
           Furthermore
           ,
           their
           manner
           of
           taking
           alters
           their
           flesh
           ;
           for
           a
           Partridge
           taken
           in
           flight
           ,
           or
           a
           Larke
           dared
           with
           a
           Hawke
           ,
           is
           worth
           ten
           taken
           with
           nets
           ,
           springes
           ,
           and
           trammels
           ;
           the
           reason
           whereof
           is
           already
           set
           down
           in
           my
           Chapter
           of
           Preparation
           .
        
         
           Finally
           look
           what
           Bird
           is
           whitest
           flesht
           ,
           that
           Bird
           is
           easiest
           to
           be
           digested
           :
           what
           Bird
           is
           reddest
           of
           flesh
           ,
           is
           strongest
           of
           nourishment
           :
           whatsoever
           is
           black
           of
           flesh
           ,
           is
           heavy
           to
           be
           digested
           and
           of
           slow
           nourishment
           ;
           yea
           so
           much
           the
           heavier
           and
           slower
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           his
           skin
           and
           flesh
           appeareth
           blacker
           .
           This
           shall
           suffice
           to
           be
           generally
           spoken
           of
           land
           fowl
           ,
           yea
           of
           all
           fowl
           :
           now
           let
           us
           descend
           
           to
           their
           particulars
           ,
           beginning
           with
           birds
           of
           greater
           volume
           .
        
         
           
             Tardae
             .
          
           
             Bistards
             or
             Bustards
             (
             so
             called
             for
             their
             slow
             pace
             and
             heavy
             flying
             )
             or
             as
             the
             Scots
             term
             them
             ,
             Gusestards
             ,
             that
             
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               Slow
               Geese
            
             ,
             feed
             upon
             flesh
             ,
             Livers
             ,
             and
             young
             Lambs
             out
             of
             sowing-time
             ,
             and
             in
             harvest
             time
             ,
             then
             they
             feed
             upon
             pure
             corn
             :
             In
             the
             Summer
             towards
             the
             ripening
             of
             corn
             ,
             I
             have
             seen
             half
             a
             dozen
             of
             them
             lie
             in
             a
             Wheat-field
             fatting
             themselves
             (
             as
             a
             Deer
             will
             doe
             )
             with
             ease
             and
             eating
             ;
             whereupon
             they
             grow
             sometimes
             to
             such
             a
             bigness
             ,
             that
             one
             of
             them
             weigheth
             almost
             
             fourteen
             pounds
             .
             Now
             as
             they
             are
             of
             an
             extraordinary
             bulk
             ,
             so
             likewise
             are
             they
             of
             rare
             nourishment
             to
             indifferent
             strong
             stomacks
             ,
             rellishing
             finely
             ,
             restoring
             bloud
             and
             seed
             ,
             offending
             no
             part
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             but
             strengthening
             all
             .
             Chuse
             the
             youngest
             and
             fattest
             about
             Allhalontide
             (
             for
             then
             are
             they
             best
             )
             and
             diet
             him
             a
             day
             or
             two
             with
             a
             little
             white
             bread
             ,
             or
             rather
             keep
             him
             altogether
             fasting
             that
             he
             may
             scour
             away
             his
             ordure
             ;
             then
             let
             him
             bleed
             to
             death
             in
             the
             neck-veins
             ,
             and
             having
             hanged
             three
             or
             four
             daies
             in
             a
             cool
             place
             our
             of
             the
             Moon-shine
             ,
             either
             rost
             it
             or
             bake
             it
             as
             you
             do
             a
             Turkie
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             prove
             both
             a
             dainty
             and
             wholsome
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Grues
             .
             
          
           
             Cranes
             breed
             (
             as
             old
             Dr.
             Turner
             writ
             unto
             Gesner
             )
             not
             only
             in
             the
             Northern
             Countrys
             amongst
             the
             Nation
             of
             Dwarfs
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             our
             English
             Fens
             .
             Pliny
             saith
             ,
             that
             in
             Italy
             they
             feed
             much
             upon
             Grapes
             ;
             but
             with
             us
             they
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             corn
             ,
             and
             fenny
             seeds
             ,
             or
             bents
             ,
             Theodosius
             esteemeth
             them
             of
             a
             cold
             temperature
             ;
             but
             all
             the
             Arabians
             judge
             them
             to
             be
             hot
             and
             dry
             :
             Certain
             it
             is
             that
             they
             are
             of
             themselves
             hard
             ,
             tough
             ,
             gross
             ,
             sinewy
             ,
             and
             engendring
             melancholique
             bloud
             ,
             unfit
             for
             sound
             
             mens
             tables
             (
             usually
             to
             be
             eaten
             of
             )
             and
             much
             more
             unmeet
             for
             them
             that
             be
             sick
             ;
             yet
             being
             young
             ,
             killed
             with
             a
             goshawk
             ,
             and
             hanged
             two
             or
             three
             daies
             by
             the
             heels
             ,
             eaten
             with
             hot
             galentine
             ,
             and
             drowned
             in
             Sack
             ,
             it
             is
             permitted
             unto
             indifferent
             stomacks
             .
             In
             Plutarch's
             time
             Cranes
             were
             counted
             a
             dainty
             and
             good
             meat
             ,
             fatted
             
             after
             this
             manner
             :
             First
             ,
             they
             stitched
             up
             their
             eyes
             ,
             and
             fed
             them
             in
             the
             dark
             with
             wholsom
             mixtures
             of
             corn
             ,
             milk
             ,
             and
             seeds
             to
             make
             them
             white
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             of
             taste
             :
             A
             day
             before
             they
             were
             killed
             ,
             they
             tempered
             their
             meat
             with
             the
             juice
             of
             that
             herb
             ,
             or
             with
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             that
             seed
             whereof
             they
             would
             have
             their
             flesh
             especially
             to
             relish
             ;
             were
             it
             Mints
             ,
             Basil
             ,
             Time
             ,
             Rosemary
             ,
             Commin
             ,
             Coriander
             ,
             Fennel-seed
             ,
             or
             Annis-seed
             :
             Which
             course
             if
             we
             likewise
             observed
             in
             the
             cramming
             of
             Capons
             ,
             and
             fatning
             of
             our
             houshold
             birds
             ,
             without
             question
             they
             would
             taste
             far
             more
             delicately
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ciconiae
             ,
             Asteriae
             ,
             Ardeolae
             .
          
           
             
               Storks
               ,
               Bittors
            
             ,
             and
             Herons
             ,
             neither
             do
             breed
             ,
             nor
             can
             breed
             any
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             little
             fishes
             ,
             frogs
             ,
             and
             worms
             :
             yea
             the
             Stork
             delighteth
             in
             newts
             ,
             water-snakes
             ,
             adders
             ,
             and
             sloeworms
             ;
             but
             (
             except
             it
             be
             almost
             famished
             )
             it
             will
             not
             venture
             upon
             a
             
             Toad
             ,
             as
             
               Casparus
               Heldelinus
            
             writeth
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             my
             chance
             in
             my
             first
             travel
             into
             Germany
             ,
             to
             meet
             one
             
               Godfrey
               Achtius
            
             (
             chief
             Physitian
             of
             Aquisgrane
             )
             at
             Francfort
             Mart
             ,
             whose
             Triacle
             was
             there
             sold
             ,
             and
             esteemed
             better
             then
             the
             Triacle
             of
             Venice
             ,
             whereinto
             he
             put
             not
             the
             flesh
             nor
             the
             salt
             of
             Adders
             ;
             but
             
             the
             flesh
             of
             a
             Heronshaw
             ,
             fed
             a
             long
             time
             with
             nothing
             but
             such
             Adders
             as
             Galen
             wisheth
             us
             to
             chuse
             .
             Verily
             his
             conceit
             was
             not
             ill
             ;
             and
             if
             we
             practised
             the
             like
             in
             England
             ,
             it
             cannot
             be
             amiss
             ,
             considering
             that
             the
             subtilest
             
             part
             of
             the
             Adder
             is
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             as
             it
             were
             sublimed
             and
             imbibed
             into
             the
             Storks
             body
             and
             flesh
             :
             Wherefore
             howsoever
             we
             use
             such
             birds
             for
             Physick
             ,
             yet
             let
             us
             not
             feed
             upon
             them
             as
             upon
             meats
             ,
             lest
             we
             take
             poyson
             instead
             of
             nourishment
             .
             Nay
             even
             all
             the
             Heronshaws
             ,
             (
             namely
             the
             black
             ,
             white
             ,
             criel-Heronshaw
             ,
             and
             the
             miredromble
             )
             though
             feeding
             somewhat
             better
             then
             the
             Byttor
             or
             Stork
             ,
             are
             but
             of
             a
             fishy
             and
             strong
             savour
             ,
             unless
             they
             be
             very
             young
             ,
             and
             scarce
             able
             to
             fly
             ;
             yea
             they
             are
             not
             dangerless
             being
             green
             rosted
             ,
             but
             procure
             the
             
             piles
             and
             smarting
             hemerrhoids
             ;
             of
             all
             of
             them
             ,
             chuse
             the
             youngest
             and
             fatest
             ,
             for
             they
             may
             be
             eaten
             ,
             so
             with
             much
             spice
             ,
             salt
             ,
             or
             onions
             ,
             and
             being
             throughly
             steept
             in
             a
             draught
             of
             old
             Wine
             .
             Furthermore
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             drest
             without
             their
             skins
             ,
             they
             rellish
             far
             better
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             French
             and
             the
             best
             fashion
             ,
             who
             also
             stuff
             them
             full
             of
             sweet
             herbs
             ,
             and
             draw
             them
             with
             fine
             and
             small
             lard
             .
          
        
         
           
             Phasiana
             .
          
           
             Phesants
             are
             of
             so
             excellent
             a
             constitution
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             substance
             as
             temperature
             ,
             that
             from
             them
             as
             from
             a
             centre
             ,
             Physicians
             do
             judge
             the
             complexion
             of
             every
             foul
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             middle
             constitution
             betwixt
             a
             brown
             
             Hen
             and
             a
             Partridg
             (
             or
             as
             Pisanellus
             will
             have
             it
             ,
             betwixt
             a
             Capon
             and
             a
             Partridg
             )
             neither
             so
             moist
             as
             the
             first
             ,
             nor
             so
             dry
             as
             the
             second
             ,
             but
             exceeding
             both
             in
             taste
             ,
             temperature
             and
             goodness
             .
             
               Galen
               ,
               Rhasis
               ,
               Avicen
               ,
               Averrhois
               ,
            
             
             
               Arnaldus
               de
               Villa
               nova
               ,
               Trallian
               ,
            
             and
             all
             Writers
             do
             prefer
             a
             Phesant
             for
             the
             soundest
             and
             best
             meat
             of
             all
             other
             ;
             and
             the
             Frenchmen
             think
             a
             Phesant
             to
             be
             called
             Fai-san
             ,
             because
             it
             maketh
             a
             sound
             man.
             Nevertheless
             Savanarola
             willeth
             men
             not
             to
             eat
             them
             often
             in
             health
             ,
             that
             when
             sickness
             cometh
             they
             may
             do
             them
             the
             more
             good
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             Winter
             ,
             and
             the
             young
             ones
             
             are
             fittest
             for
             weak
             stomacks
             ;
             the
             old
             ones
             are
             to
             hang
             three
             or
             four
             daies
             by
             the
             heels
             ,
             and
             then
             being
             drest
             ,
             they
             will
             eat
             tender
             .
             In
             Hectick
             Fevers
             ,
             and
             upon
             recoveries
             from
             a
             long
             or
             violent
             sickness
             ,
             no
             meat
             so
             wholsom
             as
             Phesant-pouts
             ;
             but
             to
             strong
             stomacks
             it
             is
             inconvenientest
             ,
             especially
             to
             Ploughmen
             and
             sabourers
             ▪
             who
             eating
             of
             Phesants
             ,
             fall
             suddenly
             into
             sickness
             ,
             and
             
             shortness
             of
             breath
             ,
             as
             Pisanellus
             hath
             wittily
             (
             and
             perhaps
             truely
             )
             noted
             .
          
        
         
           
             Attagenes
             Myricae
             .
          
           
             Heath-Cocks
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             ,
             are
             little
             inferior
             to
             a
             Phesant
             ,
             very
             well
             relishing
             ,
             and
             being
             of
             good
             digestion
             ;
             when
             they
             wax
             old
             ,
             all
             their
             flesh
             proves
             black
             ,
             saving
             the
             brawn
             next
             their
             brest-bone
             ,
             which
             is
             ever
             white
             ,
             tender
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             wholsome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Perdices
             .
          
           
             Partridges
             have
             a
             temperate
             heat
             ;
             but
             encline
             to
             driness
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ;
             they
             feed
             upon
             Snails
             ,
             Chickweed
             ,
             tops
             of
             Leeks
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             good
             and
             wholsome
             corn
             ;
             they
             are
             never
             subject
             to
             pips
             ,
             nor
             any
             rhumatick
             diseases
             ,
             which
             maketh
             them
             to
             live
             till
             they
             be
             
             almost
             twenty
             years
             old
             :
             But
             beware
             of
             old
             Partridges
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             as
             dangerous
             as
             old
             Beef
             ;
             being
             young
             and
             tender
             ,
             they
             agree
             exceeding
             well
             with
             cold
             ,
             weak
             ,
             watrish
             ,
             and
             pale
             bodies
             ,
             drying
             up
             a
             moist
             stomack
             ,
             strengthening
             the
             retentive
             power
             ,
             easily
             turning
             into
             pure
             bloud
             ,
             fatning
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             encreasing
             lust
             .
             They
             must
             not
             be
             eaten
             (
             saith
             Galen
             )
             being
             newly
             killed
             ,
             but
             hang
             
             a
             while
             in
             the
             cold
             aire
             :
             And
             the
             wings
             and
             brest
             of
             a
             Partridg
             (
             as
             also
             of
             all
             birds
             ,
             save
             a
             Woodcock
             ,
             trusting
             to
             their
             flight
             )
             are
             better
             then
             the
             legs
             and
             thighs
             :
             Nay
             the
             legs
             and
             thighs
             of
             Partridges
             are
             thought
             by
             Sethi
             ,
             to
             have
             an
             extraordinary
             weakness
             in
             them
             ,
             causing
             them
             to
             go
             as
             if
             their
             back
             or
             ridg-bone
             were
             parted
             in
             sunder
             ,
             
             whereupon
             perhaps
             they
             had
             their
             name
             ,
             and
             were
             called
             Part-ridges
             .
             Chuse
             them
             that
             are
             young
             and
             fat
             ,
             killed
             with
             the
             Hawk
             at
             sowce
             ,
             or
             else
             at
             foot
             after
             a
             long
             flight
             .
             Their
             broath
             is
             good
             for
             a
             weak
             stomack
             ,
             for
             the
             jaundies
             ,
             and
             a
             tainted
             liver
             .
             If
             you
             seeth
             them
             in
             Capon-broth
             with
             marrow
             ,
             eggs
             ,
             and
             bread
             ,
             a
             Panado
             made
             of
             that
             broth
             is
             exceeding
             nourishing
             ,
             being
             eaten
             next
             ones
             heart
             .
             But
             if
             you
             would
             have
             a
             strengthening
             broth
             indeed
             ,
             then
             seeth
             them
             in
             broth
             wherein
             chines
             of
             Mutton
             have
             first
             boiled
             :
             Rosted
             Partridg
             is
             best
             for
             most
             stomacks
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             not
             too
             dry
             rosted
             ;
             for
             then
             it
             is
             rather
             Physick
             to
             stay
             a
             loosness
             ,
             then
             fit
             meat
             to
             nourish
             or
             restore
             flesh
             .
             They
             are
             best
             at
             the
             end
             of
             Harvest
             ,
             before
             they
             have
             either
             troad
             or
             laid
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rallae
             terrestres
             .
          
           
             Railes
             of
             the
             land
             (
             for
             there
             is
             also
             a
             water-Rail
             ,
             which
             the
             Venetians
             esteem
             so
             highly
             )
             deserve
             to
             be
             placed
             next
             the
             Partridg
             ,
             for
             their
             flesh
             is
             as
             sweet
             as
             their
             feeding
             good
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             not
             without
             cause
             preferred
             to
             Noble
             mens
             Tables
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gallinagines
             &
             Rusticulae
             .
          
           
             Woodcocks
             and
             Snites
             are
             so
             light
             of
             digestion
             ,
             and
             so
             good
             in
             temperature
             ,
             that
             they
             agree
             with
             most
             mens
             stomacks
             ,
             especially
             at
             their
             first
             coming
             in
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             moneth
             after
             when
             they
             have
             rested
             themselves
             after
             their
             long
             flight
             from
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             and
             are
             fat
             through
             ease
             and
             good
             feeding
             upon
             fat
             worms
             ,
             and
             snails
             ,
             lying
             in
             trees
             .
             Avicen
             and
             Albertus
             dreamed
             that
             Woodcocks
             and
             Snites
             fed
             upon
             seeds
             ;
             whereas
             indeed
             no
             bird
             with
             a
             long
             piked
             ,
             crooked
             ,
             and
             narrow
             bill
             can
             pick
             them
             up
             :
             but
             where
             they
             perceive
             a
             worms
             hole
             (
             as
             I
             have
             seen
             Snites
             to
             do
             )
             there
             they
             thrust
             in
             their
             Bill
             as
             far
             as
             they
             can
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             worm
             lie
             deep
             ,
             they
             blow
             in
             such
             a
             breath
             or
             blast
             of
             wind
             ,
             that
             the
             
             worms
             come
             out
             for
             fear
             as
             in
             an
             Earthquake
             .
             If
             worms
             fail
             ,
             then
             they
             pick
             snails
             out
             of
             their
             shels
             ,
             and
             likewise
             devour
             them
             .
          
           
             Towards
             their
             going
             out
             ,
             either
             of
             them
             wax
             drier
             and
             worse
             rellishing
             .
             Woodcocks
             require
             the
             stronger
             stomack
             ,
             Snites
             the
             weaker
             ;
             both
             are
             of
             laudable
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             chiefly
             the
             Snite
             .
             There
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             Wood-Snite
             in
             Devonshire
             ,
             greater
             then
             the
             common
             Snite
             ,
             which
             never
             comes
             into
             shallows
             nor
             springs
             of
             water
             :
             And
             in
             Holland
             I
             remember
             Snites
             never
             living
             out
             of
             springs
             ,
             as
             great
             almost
             as
             our
             Woodcocks
             ,
             called
             Herren-Schnepfs
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             in
             comparison
             the
             Lords
             or
             chief
             of
             Snites
             ,
             or
             that
             they
             are
             onely
             fit
             for
             Lords
             Tables
             ,
             which
             Gesner
             therefore
             also
             termeth
             by
             the
             name
             of
             
               Rusticula
               regalis
            
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Columbae
              
               
                 
                   Petricolae
                
                 
                   Liviae
                
                 
                   Palumbes
                
                 
                   Turtures
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             Wild-Doves
             be
             especially
             four
             in
             number
             ,
             
               Rock-Doves
               ,
               Stock-Doves
               ,
               Ring-Doves
            
             ,
             and
             Turtledoves
             .
             Rock-doves
             breed
             upon
             Rocks
             by
             the
             Sea-side
             ,
             but
             never
             far
             from
             Corny
             Downs
             ,
             whether
             in
             Seed
             and
             Harvest-time
             they
             fly
             for
             meat
             ,
             living
             all
             the
             year
             besides
             upon
             Mast
             and
             Ivy-berries
             .
             The
             other
             three
             sorts
             of
             Doves
             feed
             also
             upon
             Corn
             ,
             Mast
             ,
             Hawes
             ,
             Juniper-berries
             ,
             Ivy-berries
             ,
             Hurtle-berries
             ,
             and
             Holly-berries
             when
             they
             are
             ripe
             .
             
               Marcus
               Cato
            
             fatted
             young
             Ring-doves
             with
             
             Bean-meal
             made
             into
             paste
             with
             new
             milk
             ;
             and
             Didynius
             ,
             Turtledoves
             with
             bread
             steept
             in
             Wine
             ;
             which
             way
             they
             are
             made
             of
             excellent
             taste
             and
             nourishment
             ,
             though
             also
             undieted
             they
             are
             good
             ,
             being
             under
             half
             a
             years
             age
             .
             Avicen
             (
             contrary
             almost
             to
             the
             opinions
             of
             
             all
             other
             Writers
             )
             commendeth
             the
             flesh
             of
             Turtles
             above
             
             all
             other
             ,
             as
             being
             of
             a
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             easily
             digested
             ,
             quickning
             wit
             and
             memory
             ,
             encreasing
             seed
             ,
             and
             strengthening
             both
             stomack
             and
             guts
             exceeding
             well
             .
             But
             Isaac
             reproveth
             that
             opinion
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             
             understood
             only
             of
             young
             Turtles
             ,
             or
             such
             as
             have
             been
             fed
             and
             fatted
             in
             the
             house
             by
             art
             ,
             with
             moist
             and
             cooling
             nourishments
             :
             For
             otherwise
             (
             as
             he
             truly
             avoucheth
             )
             all
             manner
             of
             Wild-doves
             are
             so
             hot
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             dry
             ,
             that
             they
             cannot
             prove
             of
             any
             indifferent
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Coturnices
             .
          
           
             Quails
             have
             gotten
             an
             ill
             name
             ever
             since
             Pliny
             accused
             them
             for
             eating
             of
             Hemlocks
             and
             Bear-foot
             ;
             by
             reason
             
             whereof
             they
             breed
             cramps
             ,
             trembling
             of
             the
             heart
             and
             sinews
             ;
             yea
             though
             Hercules
             loved
             them
             above
             all
             other
             meats
             ,
             in
             so
             much
             that
             Iolaus
             fetcht
             him
             out
             of
             a
             
             swound
             when
             he
             was
             cruelly
             wounded
             by
             Typhon
             ,
             with
             the
             smell
             of
             a
             Quail
             ;
             yet
             with
             much
             eating
             of
             them
             he
             fell
             into
             the
             falling-evil
             ,
             which
             ever
             since
             hath
             been
             termed
             
             Hercules's
             sickness
             .
             Avicen
             thinketh
             that
             they
             
             bring
             cramps
             not
             onely
             by
             feeding
             on
             Helleborus
             and
             Hemlocks
             ,
             but
             also
             from
             a
             natural
             inborn
             property
             .
             
             Monardus
             writeth
             thus
             of
             them
             ;
             I
             allow
             not
             the
             flesh
             of
             Quails
             neither
             in
             the
             Spring
             nor
             Winter
             ,
             not
             because
             the
             ancient
             Fathers
             of
             Physick
             do
             condemn
             them
             ;
             but
             because
             reason
             is
             against
             them
             .
             For
             in
             the
             Spring
             and
             Summer
             time
             they
             are
             too
             dry
             ,
             engendring
             rather
             melancholy
             then
             bloud
             :
             In
             Autumn
             and
             Winter
             they
             are
             too
             moist
             ;
             yea
             though
             they
             be
             fat
             ,
             yet
             are
             they
             of
             small
             nourishment
             ,
             causing
             loathing
             of
             stomack
             ,
             and
             corruption
             of
             meat
             .
             
               Baptista
               Fiera
               ,
               Amatus
               Lusitanus
            
             ,
             yea
             
               Avicen
               ,
               Rhasis
               ,
               Isaac
            
             and
             Galen
             are
             of
             the
             same
             judgement
             ;
             only
             
               Arnoldus
               de
               Villa
               nova
            
             in
             his
             Commentary
             upon
             the
             Salern
             School
             ,
             affirmeth
             them
             in
             some
             Countries
             
             to
             be
             of
             fine
             substance
             ,
             good
             juice
             ,
             and
             easie
             digestion
             :
             Nay
             ,
             Kiranides
             saith
             that
             their
             broth
             clenseth
             the
             kidneys
             ,
             and
             their
             flesh
             nourisheth
             indifferently
             well
             .
             Were
             I
             here
             to
             give
             my
             censure
             ,
             I
             would
             be
             of
             either
             side
             ,
             and
             yet
             defend
             the
             truth
             likewise
             ;
             for
             I
             nothing
             doubt
             but
             Quails
             flesh
             is
             bad
             (
             as
             Ducks
             flesh
             is
             )
             of
             its
             own
             nature
             ,
             and
             heavy
             to
             be
             digested
             ;
             nevertheless
             being
             taken
             young
             before
             they
             have
             eaten
             of
             unwholsome
             weeds
             ,
             and
             fatted
             with
             pure
             Wheat
             ,
             Hemp-seed
             ,
             Coriander
             ▪
             seed
             and
             Milk
             (
             or
             Chalk-water
             instead
             of
             Milk
             )
             I
             make
             no
             question
             that
             their
             flesh
             is
             laudable
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             counted
             a
             good
             and
             dainty
             meat
             .
          
           
             And
             here
             by
             the
             way
             let
             us
             marvel
             at
             one
             thing
             ,
             That
             Qualis
             are
             generally
             forbidden
             because
             their
             flesh
             engendreth
             the
             falling
             evil
             ,
             and
             yet
             Galen
             commendeth
             their
             
             brains
             (
             the
             principal
             seat
             of
             that
             great
             evil
             )
             as
             an
             Antidote
             against
             the
             same
             .
             What
             need
             I
             write
             that
             when
             the
             Israelites
             
             loathed
             Manna
             ,
             Quails
             were
             sent
             them
             as
             the
             best
             and
             daintiest
             meat
             of
             all
             other
             ?
             And
             if
             some
             curious
             Paraphrast
             would
             therefore
             say
             it
             was
             the
             worst
             ,
             because
             whilst
             the
             flesh
             was
             in
             their
             mouthes
             ,
             many
             thousands
             of
             them
             fell
             in
             the
             Wilderness
             !
             We
             answer
             ,
             That
             it
             was
             not
             through
             the
             badness
             of
             the
             food
             ,
             but
             the
             naughtiness
             of
             their
             lusting
             and
             tempting
             God.
             
          
        
         
           
             Pluviales
             .
          
           
             Plovers
             feed
             upon
             no
             solid
             meat
             ,
             and
             therefore
             being
             new
             ,
             have
             no
             need
             of
             drawing
             ;
             their
             meat
             is
             chiefly
             the
             scom
             or
             excrements
             of
             worms
             lying
             about
             their
             holes
             ,
             or
             of
             worms
             themselves
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             of
             a
             very
             sweet
             ,
             delicate
             ,
             and
             fine
             flesh
             ,
             being
             taken
             when
             they
             are
             fat
             in
             Winter-time
             ;
             and
             the
             gray
             Plover
             is
             so
             highly
             esteemed
             ,
             that
             this
             Proverb
             is
             raised
             of
             a
             curious
             and
             malecontented
             stomack
             ;
             
               A
               gray
               Plover
               cannot
               please
               him
               .
            
             Yet
             to
             some
             the
             green
             Plover
             seemeth
             more
             nourishing
             ,
             and
             
             to
             others
             the
             Lapwing
             ,
             which
             indeed
             is
             savory
             and
             light
             of
             digestion
             ,
             but
             nothing
             comparable
             to
             Plovers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cuculi
             .
          
           
             Cuckoes
             flesh
             ,
             whilst
             it
             is
             a
             nestler
             ,
             is
             by
             Perot
             highly
             
             extolled
             ;
             but
             when
             once
             it
             comes
             to
             feed
             it self
             ,
             it
             is
             ill
             rellishing
             ,
             hot
             ,
             and
             leprous
             .
             Gesner
             asketh
             ,
             How
             any
             
             man
             dare
             be
             so
             foolish
             or
             venturous
             as
             to
             eat
             of
             a
             Cuckoe
             ,
             whose
             much
             spitting
             argueth
             a
             corrupt
             and
             excremental
             flesh
             ;
             yet
             by
             experience
             we
             find
             the
             young
             ones
             to
             be
             good
             meat
             ,
             yea
             Pliny
             and
             Aristotle
             preferre
             them
             for
             sweetness
             above
             most
             birds
             :
             And
             albeit
             the
             old
             ones
             feed
             filthily
             upon
             Dorrs
             ,
             Beetels
             ,
             and
             venomous
             spiders
             ,
             yet
             the
             young
             one
             are
             fed
             by
             the
             Titling
             ,
             (
             their
             foster-dam
             )
             with
             gnats
             ,
             flies
             ,
             and
             red-worms
             ,
             having
             no
             venomous
             nor
             bad
             quality
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fedoae
             .
          
           
             Godwits
             are
             known
             to
             be
             a
             fenny
             fowl
             ,
             living
             with
             worms
             about
             Rivers
             banks
             ,
             and
             nothing
             sweet
             or
             wholsom
             ,
             till
             they
             have
             been
             fatted
             at
             home
             with
             pure
             corn
             ;
             but
             a
             fat
             Godwit
             is
             so
             fine
             and
             light
             a
             meat
             ,
             that
             Noblemen
             (
             yea
             and
             Merchants
             too
             by
             your
             leave
             )
             stick
             not
             to
             buy
             them
             at
             four
             nobles
             a
             dozen
             .
             Lincolnshire
             affordeth
             great
             plenty
             of
             them
             ,
             elsewhere
             they
             are
             rare
             in
             England
             wheresoever
             I
             have
             travailed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Erythopodes
             &
             Glottides
             .
          
           
             Redshanks
             also
             and
             Gluts
             feed
             in
             the
             Fens
             upon
             redseeds
             ,
             bents
             ,
             and
             worms
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             no
             bad
             taste
             ,
             nor
             evil
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ochropodes
             .
          
           
             Smirings
             live
             in
             watrish
             Copses
             with
             worms
             ,
             and
             are
             a
             fine
             and
             delicate
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pici.
             
          
           
             Pyes
             or
             Haggisses
             feed
             upon
             flesh
             ,
             eggs
             ,
             worms
             and
             ants
             ;
             their
             flesh
             is
             very
             hard
             and
             loathsome
             ,
             unless
             they
             
             be
             very
             young
             ,
             and
             then
             are
             they
             only
             the
             meat
             of
             poverty
             .
          
        
         
           
             Graculi
             .
          
           
             Jayes
             feed
             upon
             akorns
             ,
             beech-mast
             and
             worms
             ,
             and
             never
             came
             into
             the
             number
             of
             good
             nourishments
             ,
             because
             they
             have
             themselves
             ,
             and
             procure
             unto
             others
             the
             falling-evil
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pici
             Martii
             .
          
           
             
             Wood-Peckers
             are
             suspected
             of
             the
             like
             malignity
             ,
             though
             they
             feed
             upon
             timber-worms
             ,
             the
             most
             dainty
             dish
             ,
             and
             most
             highly
             esteemed
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             and
             Phrygians
             .
          
        
         
           
             Orioli
             .
          
           
             Witwols
             are
             of
             excellent
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             feeding
             upon
             bees
             ,
             flies
             ,
             snails
             ,
             cherries
             ,
             plums
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             good
             fruit
             .
          
        
         
           
             Arquatulae
             terrestres
             .
          
           
             Stonechatters
             feed
             as
             they
             do
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             a
             very
             good
             taste
             and
             juice
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ispida
             .
          
           
             The
             Kings-fisher
             feedeth
             most
             upon
             water-worms
             ,
             and
             little
             fishes
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             a
             bad
             rellish
             ,
             and
             worse
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Coccothraustes
             .
          
           
             The
             Clotbird
             (
             called
             sometimes
             a
             Smatch
             ,
             or
             an
             Arling
             )
             is
             as
             big
             almost
             as
             a
             Thrush
             ,
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             cherries
             ,
             and
             cherry-kernels
             .
          
        
         
           
             Nucifraga
             .
          
           
             The
             Nope
             feedeth
             upon
             mast
             ,
             nuts
             ,
             and
             cherreis
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sitta
             .
          
           
             So
             also
             doth
             the
             little
             Pyot
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             a
             Nutjobber
             .
          
        
         
           
             Upupa
             .
          
           
             
             Houpes
             were
             not
             thought
             by
             Dr.
             Torner
             to
             be
             found
             
             in
             England
             ,
             yet
             I
             saw
             Mr.
             Serjeant
             Goodrons
             kill
             of
             them
             in
             Charingdon
             Park
             ,
             when
             he
             did
             very
             skilfully
             and
             happily
             cure
             my
             Lord
             of
             Pembroke
             at
             Ivychurch
             ;
             they
             feed
             upon
             hurtle-berries
             ,
             and
             worms
             ,
             but
             delight
             to
             feed
             most
             upon
             graves
             ,
             and
             mans
             dung
             ,
             and
             stinking
             soile
             ;
             wherefore
             they
             deserve
             to
             be
             counted
             very
             unwholsom
             .
          
        
         
           
             Turdi
             &
             Turdelae
             Anglicanae
             .
          
           
             
             Thrushes
             and
             Navisses
             feed
             most
             upon
             hawes
             ,
             sloes
             ,
             misle-berries
             ,
             and
             privot-berries
             ;
             which
             being
             lean
             ,
             deserve
             (
             as
             
               Quintus
               Curtius
            
             used
             them
             at
             Caesars
             Table
             )
             to
             be
             flung
             out
             at
             the
             windows
             ;
             but
             being
             young
             ,
             fat
             ,
             and
             in
             season
             ,
             and
             by
             cunning
             drawing
             rid
             of
             their
             gall
             ,
             
             they
             deserve
             the
             nourishing
             in
             Lucullus
             Cages
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             commended
             by
             Physicians
             to
             
             Pompey's
             Table
             for
             a
             most
             wholsom
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Turdi
             Exotici
             .
          
           
             Feldefares
             are
             of
             the
             like
             feed
             ,
             and
             give
             (
             almost
             )
             as
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             yea
             better
             ,
             when
             Juniper-berries
             be
             ripe
             ,
             for
             then
             all
             their
             flesh
             is
             perfumed
             with
             the
             scent
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merulae
             .
          
           
             
             Blackbirds
             are
             preferred
             by
             
               Baptist
               Fiera
            
             farre
             before
             Thrushes
             ,
             Throstels
             or
             Feldefares
             ,
             as
             being
             nothing
             so
             strong
             ,
             hot
             ,
             nor
             bitter
             ;
             Trallianus
             commendeth
             all
             alike
             .
             Their
             feed
             is
             on
             little
             grashoppers
             ,
             worms
             ,
             hurtle-berries
             ,
             juniper-berries
             ,
             ivy-berries
             ,
             bay-berries
             ,
             and
             hawes
             ;
             they
             are
             suspected
             to
             be
             a
             melancholick
             meat
             ,
             because
             they
             be
             never
             found
             but
             alone
             and
             solitary
             ,
             whereupon
             the
             Latines
             call
             them
             Merulas
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Solitarians
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sturni
             .
          
           
             
             
             Stares-flesh
             is
             dry
             and
             sanery
             ,
             and
             good
             against
             all
             poyson
             ,
             if
             Kiranides
             be
             not
             mistaken
             .
             Galen
             in
             one
             place
             compares
             them
             for
             goodness
             ,
             with
             Partridg
             ,
             Thrush
             and
             Blackbirds
             ;
             in
             another
             place
             he
             dispraiseth
             them
             as
             
             much
             for
             their
             ill
             juce
             ,
             hard
             digestion
             ,
             and
             bad
             nourishment
             ;
             which
             nevertheless
             are
             both
             true
             ,
             that
             being
             understood
             of
             young
             Stares
             ,
             fed
             with
             wholesom
             meat
             ,
             this
             of
             old
             stares
             ,
             who
             delight
             to
             feed
             of
             unwholesom
             meat
             as
             well
             as
             wholesome
             ,
             namely
             hemlocks
             ,
             dwale
             ,
             and
             such
             llke
             .
             Amongst
             this
             treatise
             of
             the
             greater
             sort
             of
             Land-birds
             ,
             I
             had
             almost
             forgotten
             Owles
             ,
             Rookes
             ,
             Crowes
             ,
             and
             Cadesses
             .
          
        
         
           
             Noctuae
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             Owles
             ,
             when
             they
             be
             once
             old
             ,
             they
             feed
             upon
             Mice
             ,
             Frogs
             ,
             Grashoppers
             and
             all
             kind
             of
             flesh
             .
             Rabbi
             Moses
             in
             his
             Aphorisms
             saith
             ,
             that
             the
             flesh
             of
             young
             Owles
             is
             dainty
             and
             good
             ,
             strengthening
             the
             mind
             and
             diverting
             melancholie
             and
             madness
             :
             yea
             I
             have
             heard
             certain
             noble
             men
             and
             gentlemen
             avouch
             ,
             that
             no
             young
             Cuckoe
             or
             Partridge
             is
             a
             finer
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Corvi
             Leguminales
             .
          
           
             Rooks
             cannot
             be
             ill
             meat
             when
             they
             are
             young
             ,
             for
             they
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             pure
             corn
             ;
             but
             their
             skin
             is
             tough
             ,
             black
             ,
             and
             bitter
             .
          
        
         
           
             Corvus
             .
          
           
             The
             carrion
             Crow
             is
             generally
             condemned
             ,
             and
             worthily
             
             despised
             of
             all
             men
             :
             As
             also
             the
             Cadesse
             or
             Jacdaw
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             more
             unhappy
             in
             conditions
             ,
             then
             bad
             of
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             Now
             we
             are
             come
             to
             treat
             of
             small
             Birds
             of
             the
             land
             ,
             which
             we
             will
             divide
             according
             to
             the
             order
             of
             the
             Alphabet
             :
             having
             first
             admonished
             you
             ,
             that
             no
             small
             Birds
             must
             be
             overmuch
             sodden
             ,
             or
             dry
             roasted
             :
             for
             then
             their
             nourishing
             moisture
             is
             soon
             taken
             out
             ;
             neither
             are
             they
             to
             be
             given
             to
             strong
             stomacks
             ,
             lest
             they
             be
             converted
             into
             choler
             ,
             whenelse
             they
             would
             wholly
             turn
             into
             good
             blood
             .
             Finally
             ,
             young
             Birds
             must
             not
             hang
             long
             before
             they
             be
             dressed
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             of
             an
             airy
             substance
             
             which
             will
             soon
             be
             evapourated
             .
             But
             let
             us
             consider
             every
             one
             particularly
             in
             his
             place
             .
          
        
         
           
             Montifringillae
             .
          
           
             Bramblings
             are
             a
             kind
             of
             small
             Birds
             ,
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             seeds
             ,
             sloes
             ,
             and
             hawthorne
             kernels
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rubetrae
             .
          
           
             Buntings
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             little
             worms
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pyrrhacia
             .
          
           
             Bulfinches
             feed
             not
             onely
             upon
             little
             worms
             ,
             but
             also
             upon
             hempseed
             ,
             and
             the
             blossoms
             of
             peare-plums
             and
             apple-trees
             .
          
        
         
           
             Citrinellae
             .
          
           
             Citrinels
             or
             straw-coloured
             Finges
             ,
             be
             very
             small
             Birds
             ,
             feeding
             chiefly
             of
             white
             and
             black
             poppy
             seed
             ,
             but
             especially
             of
             the
             wild-poppy
             called
             Red-weed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Certhiae
             .
          
           
             Creepers
             seem
             to
             be
             a
             kind
             of
             Titmise
             ,
             living
             upon
             the
             worms
             which
             engender
             in
             and
             betwixt
             the
             barks
             of
             Trees
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fringillae
             .
          
           
             Finches
             for
             the
             most
             part
             live
             upon
             seeds
             ,
             especially
             the
             Goldfinch
             ,
             which
             refuseth
             to
             eat
             of
             any
             thing
             else
             .
             
          
        
         
           
             Acanthis
             Atlantica
             .
          
           
             So
             also
             doth
             the
             
               Canarie
               Finch
               or
               siskin
            
             ;
             yet
             the
             Bullfinch
             in
             hunger
             feeds
             upon
             small
             worms
             ;
             and
             the
             Greenfinch
             upon
             horsedung
             ,
             and
             nuts
             in
             frosty
             weather
             .
             
          
        
         
           
             Alandae
             .
          
           
             Larkes
             are
             of
             three
             sorts
             :
             Field
             Larks
             ,
             Wood
             Larks
             ,
             and
             Heath
             Larks
             .
             The
             first
             sort
             feeds
             upon
             corn
             seeds
             and
             worms
             .
             The
             second
             chiefly
             upon
             worms
             .
             The
             third
             upon
             worms
             and
             heath
             seed
             .
             Some
             of
             each
             sort
             are
             high
             crested
             like
             a
             lapwing
             ,
             others
             uncrested
             which
             are
             counted
             the
             more
             wholesom
             .
             Their
             temperament
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             unless
             they
             be
             young
             
             and
             fat
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             scarce
             exceed
             the
             first
             degree
             .
             Galen
             and
             Rhasis
             write
             ,
             that
             as
             their
             broth
             looseneth
             ,
             so
             their
             flesh
             bindeth
             the
             belly
             .
          
        
         
           
             Linariae
             .
          
           
             Linnets
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             flax
             seed
             :
             but
             for
             a
             need
             they
             eat
             also
             the
             seed
             of
             hemp
             and
             thistles
             .
          
        
         
           
             Apodes
             .
          
           
             Martinets
             are
             either
             smooth
             or
             hairy
             legg'd
             :
             for
             neither
             of
             them
             have
             perfect
             feet
             ,
             but
             stumps
             instead
             of
             feet
             .
             
               Baptista
               Fiera
            
             in
             his
             treatise
             of
             Birds
             exclaimeth
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             calleth
             them
             beggers
             meat
             :
             engendring
             most
             hot
             and
             feverous
             blood
             ,
             fitter
             to
             be
             eaten
             as
             a
             medicin
             to
             quicken
             eyesight
             and
             memory
             ,
             then
             as
             a
             wholesome
             or
             nourishing
             meat
             ;
             but
             being
             taken
             when
             they
             are
             new
             fledg'd
             ,
             experience
             warranteth
             them
             a
             dainty
             and
             good
             meat
             ,
             except
             they
             be
             over
             roasted
             .
          
        
         
           
             Luseiniae
             .
          
           
             Nightingales
             as
             Martial
             said
             ,
             are
             nothing
             worth
             when
             their
             breath
             is
             departed
             ;
             for
             as
             they
             feed
             filthily
             in
             the
             fields
             upon
             spiders
             and
             ants
             ,
             so
             their
             flesh
             is
             unwholesome
             at
             the
             table
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pari
             majores
             .
          
           
             Oxeys
             or
             great
             Titmise
             ,
             feed
             (
             as
             ordinary
             Titmise
             do
             )
             upon
             caterpillers
             ,
             blossoms
             of
             Trees
             ,
             bark
             worms
             and
             flies
             ;
             but
             their
             flesh
             is
             unwholesome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rubeculae
             .
          
           
             Robin-red-brests
             feed
             upon
             bees
             ,
             flies
             ,
             gnats
             ,
             walnuts
             ,
             nuts
             ,
             and
             crums
             of
             bread
             ;
             and
             are
             esteemed
             a
             light
             and
             good
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Passeres
             .
          
           
             Sparrows
             of
             the
             house
             ,
             feed
             commonly
             on
             the
             best
             Corn.
             They
             are
             hot
             and
             dry
             almost
             in
             the
             third
             degree
             :
             engendring
             hot
             and
             aguish
             blood
             .
             The
             best
             are
             the
             youngest
             ,
             fattest
             ,
             and
             wildest
             .
             Trallianus
             commends
             
             leane
             Sparrows
             only
             to
             such
             as
             are
             sick
             of
             the
             Tympanie
             :
             and
             young
             Cock-sparrows
             flesh
             (
             as
             well
             as
             their
             stones
             and
             brains
             )
             to
             such
             as
             be
             cold
             of
             nature
             ,
             and
             unable
             to
             Venus
             sports
             .
             
               Haly
               abbas
            
             willeth
             such
             men
             to
             mince
             young
             cock-sparrows
             
             with
             egs
             and
             onions
             ,
             and
             to
             eat
             them
             in
             a
             gally-mawfry
             :
             which
             perhaps
             you
             may
             find
             a
             better
             medicin
             ,
             then
             Dr.
             Iulius
             his
             bottle
             ,
             that
             is
             said
             to
             have
             cost
             twenty
             
             pound
             a
             pint
             ;
             but
             the
             red
             and
             hedg
             Sparrows
             feed
             ill
             ,
             and
             are
             both
             unwholesome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hirundines
             .
          
           
             Swallows
             (
             be
             they
             either
             house
             Swallows
             or
             banck
             Swallows
             )
             are
             of
             the
             nature
             and
             operation
             of
             Martlets
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             are
             esteemed
             the
             hotter
             of
             both
             .
          
        
         
           
             Curruca
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Titling
               ,
               Cucknel
            
             ,
             or
             
               unfortunate
               Nurse
            
             (
             for
             the
             Cuckoe
             ever
             lays
             his
             egg
             in
             the
             Titlings
             nest
             )
             feeds
             upon
             gnats
             ,
             flies
             ,
             and
             worms
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             very
             hot
             bird
             ,
             coming
             in
             and
             going
             out
             with
             the
             Nightingale
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             delicate
             taste
          
        
         
           
             Pari.
             
          
           
             Titmise
             are
             of
             divers
             shapes
             with
             us
             in
             England
             ;
             some
             be
             long
             ,
             others
             ▪
             be
             very
             short
             taild
             :
             some
             have
             black
             heads
             ,
             some
             blew
             ,
             some
             green
             ,
             some
             plain
             ,
             and
             some
             copped
             :
             all
             of
             them
             feed
             but
             ill
             ,
             and
             nourish
             worse
             .
          
        
         
           
             Motacillae
             .
          
           
             Wagtailes
             live
             upon
             flies
             ,
             worms
             ,
             and
             fat
             earth
             ,
             being
             no
             bad
             meat
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             ,
             unless
             some
             because
             their
             tail
             is
             ever
             trembling
             ,
             shall
             therefore
             divine
             that
             they
             are
             ill
             for
             the
             shaking
             Palsey
             .
          
        
         
           
             Reguli
             .
          
           
             Wrens
             feed
             finely
             ,
             &
             sometimes
             fill
             themselvs
             so
             full
             of
             little
             flies
             ,
             that
             their
             bellies
             are
             like
             to
             burst
             .
             Their
             flesh
             being
             salted
             cureth
             Strangullions
             and
             the
             stone
             not
             confirmed
             ;
             but
             no
             man
             ever
             wrote
             that
             they
             give
             good
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Galguli
             .
          
           
             
               Yellow
               Hammers
            
             feed
             (
             as
             the
             most
             part
             of
             Titmise
             )
             of
             seeds
             and
             grain
             ;
             namely
             the
             seeds
             of
             white
             and
             red
             roses
             ,
             poppy
             ,
             burs
             ,
             thistles
             ,
             succory
             and
             endiff
             ,
             &c.
             
             In
             the
             winter
             time
             being
             fat
             ,
             they
             are
             counted
             wholesome
             :
             at
             other
             times
             they
             are
             lean
             and
             also
             bitter
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XII
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           flesh
           of
           wild
           Fowl
           ,
           abiding
           and
           feeding
           chiefly
           upon
           the
           waters
           .
        
         
           
             Cygni
             Sylvestres
             .
          
           
             OF
             all
             water
             fowl
             ,
             the
             wild
             Swan
             is
             the
             biggest
             and
             fairest
             in
             outward
             shew
             :
             but
             (
             as
             I
             said
             of
             tame
             Swans
             )
             it
             resembleth
             a
             hypocrite
             ,
             for
             his
             flesh
             is
             black
             ,
             melancholick
             ,
             and
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             though
             not
             so
             hard
             as
             the
             tame
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             much
             flying
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anseres
             sylvestres
             .
          
           
             
               Wild
               Geese
            
             are
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             better
             then
             tame
             ,
             for
             their
             high
             and
             long
             flight
             breedeth
             tenderness
             of
             body
             ,
             and
             expelleth
             many
             gross
             and
             heavy
             vapors
             ;
             but
             of
             
             all
             other
             the
             Bergander
             is
             the
             best
             and
             lightest
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anates
             ferae
             .
          
           
             
               Wild
               Ducks
            
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             a
             green
             narrow-leaved
             grass
             (
             called
             therefore
             Ducks
             grass
             by
             Crescentius
             )
             which
             lieth
             upon
             the
             waters
             in
             moors
             ,
             ponds
             ,
             and
             plashes
             all
             winter
             long
             :
             but
             they
             eat
             likewise
             the
             leaves
             ,
             seeds
             ,
             and
             roots
             of
             other
             waterplants
             ,
             and
             also
             worms
             ,
             spawns
             of
             fishes
             and
             frogs
             ,
             young
             sedge
             ,
             fat
             mud
             ,
             waterspiders
             ,
             and
             all
             venemous
             and
             foul
             things
             ;
             they
             are
             no
             less
             lecherous
             
             then
             Cock-Sparrows
             ,
             who
             as
             by
             often
             treading
             ,
             they
             kill
             themselves
             and
             live
             not
             till
             they
             be
             two
             years
             old
             ,
             so
             wild
             Drakes
             by
             often
             treading
             kill
             their
             Hens
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anates
             muscariae
             .
          
           
             But
             there
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             wilde
             Duck
             ,
             called
             
               Anas
               muscaria
            
             because
             it
             eats
             nothing
             but
             flies
             :
             which
             is
             of
             as
             wholsome
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             is
             bad
             and
             heavy
             of
             digestion
             .
          
        
         
           
             Brantae
             .
          
           
             Barnicles
             both
             breed
             unnaturally
             by
             corruption
             ,
             and
             taste
             very
             unsavoury
             .
             Poor
             men
             eat
             them
             ,
             rich
             men
             hate
             them
             ,
             and
             wise
             men
             reject
             them
             when
             they
             have
             other
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Querquedulae
             .
          
           
             Teales●
             and
             Widgins
             feed
             alike
             upon
             worms
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             roots
             and
             seeds
             ;
             commonly
             they
             are
             very
             fat
             and
             sweet
             of
             taste
             ;
             much
             to
             be
             esteemed
             above
             wild-Ducks
             or
             Geese
             ,
             yet
             suspected
             of
             ill
             juice
             by
             many
             Authors
             .
          
        
         
           
             Totani
             .
          
           
             Pool-Snites
             live
             wholly
             upon
             fish
             ,
             and
             therefore
             have
             a
             strong
             and
             uncouth
             rellish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merganseres
             .
          
           
             Shell-drakes
             ,
             or
             the
             Ducks
             of
             Italy
             ,
             are
             of
             most
             pleasant
             taste
             ,
             feeding
             purely
             themselves
             ,
             and
             us
             as
             strongly
             ;
             sometimes
             the●
             wax
             so
             fat
             ,
             that
             their
             feathers
             being
             pul'd
             
             off
             ,
             their
             body
             hath
             weighed
             twelve
             pound
             weight
             .
          
        
         
           
             Urinatrices
             .
          
           
             Divers
             feed
             most
             upon
             reeds
             and
             reed
             roots
             ,
             and
             caddis-worms
             breeding
             in
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Scarboides
             .
          
           
             Such
             likewise
             is
             the
             Dobchicks
             food
             ;
             but
             it
             is
             of
             a
             strong
             smell
             ,
             and
             fatter
             and
             tenderer
             then
             the
             most
             part
             of
             fowls
             that
             be
             clove-footed
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Fulicae
             .
          
           
             Coots
             feed
             upon
             reeds
             ,
             mud
             ,
             grass
             ,
             little
             snails
             ,
             and
             small
             fishes
             ,
             they
             are
             of
             a
             strong
             and
             muddy
             savour
             ,
             best
             in
             Autumne
             ,
             but
             never
             wholesome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Nigritae
             .
          
           
             
             Moor-cocks
             and
             Moor-hens
             ,
             as
             also
             Pocards
             ,
             be
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             with
             Coots
             ;
             save
             that
             a
             fat
             Pocard
             is
             counted
             a
             dainty
             ,
             though
             not
             a
             wholesome
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pici
             marini
             .
          
           
             
             Sea-pies
             as
             Dr.
             Cajus
             writeth
             ,
             resemble
             other
             Pies
             in
             colour
             ,
             but
             they
             have
             whole
             feet
             like
             water
             fowl
             ;
             they
             feed
             upon
             spawn
             ,
             frogs
             ,
             and
             frie
             of
             fish
             ,
             and
             are
             but
             of
             a
             bad
             taste
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mergi
             .
          
           
             Cormorants
             ,
             be
             they
             gray
             or
             black
             ,
             feed
             most
             of
             fish
             and
             frogs
             ,
             but
             especially
             of
             Eels
             ;
             and
             rellish
             badly
             .
          
        
         
           
             Arquatae
             .
          
           
             Curlnes
             feed
             wholesomly
             upon
             cockles
             ,
             creuisses
             ,
             muscles
             ,
             and
             perwinkles
             ;
             which
             maketh
             them
             to
             have
             no
             ill
             taste
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             counted
             restorative
             amongst
             the
             French
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             fat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gulones
             albi
             &
             Cinerei
             .
          
           
             
               White
               Gulls
               ,
               Gray-Gulls
            
             ,
             and
             Black-Gulls
             (
             commonly
             
             termed
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Plungers
             and
             Water-Crows
             )
             are
             rejected
             of
             every
             man
             as
             a
             fishy
             meat
             ;
             nevertheless
             being
             fed
             at
             home
             with
             new
             curds
             and
             good
             corn
             till
             they
             be
             fat
             ,
             you
             shall
             seldome
             taste
             of
             a
             lighter
             or
             better
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pufina
             Britannica
             .
          
           
             Puffins
             being
             Birds
             and
             no
             Birds
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             Birds
             in
             shew
             and
             fish
             in
             substance
             ,
             or
             (
             as
             one
             may
             justly
             call
             them
             )
             feathered
             fishes
             ,
             are
             of
             ill
             taste
             and
             worse
             digestion
             ;
             how
             dainty
             so
             ever
             they
             seem
             to
             strange
             appetites
             ,
             and
             are
             permitted
             by
             Popes
             to
             be
             eaten
             in
             Lent.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Erythropodes
             .
          
           
             Redlings
             or
             Water-Redshancks
             feed
             as
             Water-railes
             do
             ,
             and
             be
             of
             the
             like
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rallae
             aquaticae
             .
          
           
             Water-rails
             are
             preferred
             in
             Italy
             before
             Thrushes
             or
             Quails
             ,
             they
             feed
             upon
             water-snails
             and
             water-flies
             ,
             and
             the
             worms
             breeding
             in
             the
             roots
             of
             reeds
             :
             They
             be
             very
             sweet
             and
             pleasant
             of
             taste
             ,
             giving
             also
             a
             fine
             and
             wholesome
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lari
             .
          
           
             Sea-mews
             and
             Sea-cobs
             feed
             upon
             garbage
             and
             fish
             ,
             thought
             therefore
             an
             unclean
             and
             bad
             meat
             ;
             but
             being
             fatted
             (
             as
             Gulls
             use
             to
             be
             )
             they
             alter
             their
             ill
             nature
             ,
             and
             become
             good
             .
          
        
         
           
             Plateae
             .
          
           
             Shovelars
             feed
             most
             commonly
             upon
             the
             Sea
             coast
             upon
             cockles
             and
             Shell-fish
             ,
             being
             taken
             home
             and
             dieted
             with
             new
             garbage
             and
             good
             meat
             ,
             they
             are
             nothing
             inferiour
             to
             fatted
             Gulls
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XIII
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           Inwards
           and
           Outwards
           both
           of
           Beasts
           and
           Birds
           .
        
         
           HAving
           hitherto
           spoken
           of
           the
           Flesh
           of
           Beasts
           and
           
           Fowls
           ,
           it
           remaineth
           now
           to
           speak
           of
           those
           parts
           which
           are
           not
           properly
           flesh
           ,
           but
           either
           of
           another
           ,
           or
           a
           mingled
           nature
           :
           Namely
           ,
           their
           Fat
           ,
           Marrow
           ,
           Brains
           ,
           Lungs
           ,
           Livers
           ,
           Tripes
           ,
           Stomacks
           ,
           &c.
           together
           with
           their
           Eyes
           ,
           Ears
           ,
           Noses
           ,
           Feet
           ,
           Pinions
           ,
           Tails
           ,
           Rumps
           ,
           Udders
           ,
           Stones
           ,
           and
           Skins
           :
           whereof
           I
           will
           write
           in
           order
           .
        
         
           
             Fat.
             
          
           
             Fat
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             forbidden
             the
             Israelites
             by
             God
             himself
             ,
             for
             some
             cause
             unto
             himself
             best
             known
             ;
             so
             there
             be
             many
             reasons
             to
             perswade
             us
             not
             to
             eat
             of
             the
             same
             :
             For
             it
             takes
             away
             appetite
             ,
             gluts
             the
             stomack
             ,
             hardly
             digesteth
             ,
             turneth
             wholly
             to
             excrements
             ,
             and
             decayeth
             the
             retentive
             powers
             ,
             especially
             if
             it
             be
             the
             fat
             of
             greater
             Beasts
             ,
             or
             the
             greater
             sort
             of
             Birds
             :
             For
             the
             fat
             of
             Rabet-suckers
             ,
             and
             little
             Birds
             ,
             and
             small
             Chickens
             ,
             is
             not
             discommendable
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             soon
             and
             lightly
             overcome
             of
             an
             indifferent
             stomack
             .
             Of
             fat
             Beasts
             and
             Birds
             notwithstanding
             ,
             the
             lean
             is
             sweetest
             (
             so
             they
             be
             not
             exceeding
             fat
             through
             cramming
             ,
             but
             upon
             their
             own
             feeding
             )
             by
             reason
             that
             it
             is
             basted
             and
             suppled
             with
             the
             oyliness
             thereof
             ,
             and
             made
             both
             tender
             and
             of
             good
             relish
             .
             Wherefore
             let
             some
             commend
             lard
             and
             fat
             bruis
             never
             so
             much
             ,
             and
             slap
             it
             up
             as
             greedily
             as
             they
             list
             ,
             yet
             they
             will
             reward
             us
             in
             the
             end
             with
             
             many
             diseases
             ,
             unless
             their
             stomacks
             be
             exceeding
             strong
             and
             good
             .
          
        
         
           
             Marrow
             .
          
           
             Marrow
             is
             the
             finest
             part
             or
             (
             as
             it
             were
             )
             the
             sweat
             of
             fat
             ,
             secretly
             conveyed
             into
             bones
             :
             Sweet
             ,
             unctuous
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             of
             taste
             ,
             nourishing
             them
             whose
             bodies
             be
             dry
             ,
             and
             stomacks
             able
             to
             digest
             it
             .
             It
             is
             sod
             usually
             with
             Capons
             ,
             Cockrels
             ,
             and
             Hens
             in
             a
             nourishing
             white
             broth
             ,
             and
             also
             dainty
             pies
             be
             made
             thereof
             :
             but
             I
             have
             known
             many
             men
             to
             have
             surfeited
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             therefore
             I
             dare
             not
             generally
             allow
             of
             Marrow
             .
             Of
             all
             Marrows
             ,
             I
             find
             the
             Marrow
             of
             a
             Deer
             easiest
             to
             digest
             ;
             next
             of
             a
             young
             Mutton
             ,
             and
             Beef
             Marrow
             to
             be
             the
             heaviest
             .
             The
             Marrow
             of
             a
             Goat
             is
             very
             offensive
             ,
             and
             the
             Marrow
             of
             Lambs
             or
             Calves
             are
             not
             good
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             crude
             ,
             bloudy
             ,
             and
             imperfect
             for
             want
             of
             age
             .
          
        
         
           
             Brains
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Egyptians
             thought
             it
             a
             capital
             offence
             to
             eat
             the
             Head
             of
             any
             thing
             ,
             for
             the
             Brains-sake
             ,
             wherein
             they
             thought
             the
             soul
             of
             every
             living
             thing
             to
             be
             chiefly
             placed
             .
             And
             Plutarch
             saith
             ,
             that
             many
             things
             were
             thought
             
             delicate
             in
             his
             time
             ,
             which
             no
             man
             before
             desired
             or
             dared
             to
             taste
             ;
             as
             the
             Brains
             of
             Birds
             and
             Beasts
             .
             How
             abject
             a
             thing
             Brains
             were
             in
             old
             time
             ,
             it
             appeareth
             in
             Ulysses
             scoffing
             of
             Agamemnon
             ,
             comparing
             him
             with
             a
             Calves
             Brain
             ,
             as
             with
             a
             most
             abject
             and
             vile
             thing
             ,
             which
             all
             men
             cast
             away
             .
             And
             verily
             Brains
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             exceeding
             phlegmatick
             ,
             of
             gross
             juice
             ,
             hard
             passage
             ,
             slow
             concoction
             ,
             great
             heaviness
             ,
             and
             so
             offensive
             to
             the
             stomack
             ,
             that
             being
             eaten
             last
             ,
             or
             with
             any
             fat
             meat
             ,
             they
             trouble
             the
             same
             exceedingly
             ,
             and
             procure
             vomit
             :
             wherefore
             we
             doe
             well
             to
             eat
             the
             brains
             of
             Calves
             ,
             Lambs
             ,
             Kids
             ,
             and
             Pigs
             ,
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             Dinner
             or
             Supper
             ,
             for
             were
             they
             eaten
             last
             (
             through
             their
             unctuous
             and
             superfluous
             
             moisture
             )
             we
             should
             bring
             up
             all
             .
             Likewise
             I
             commend
             the
             tosting
             of
             Piggs
             brains
             at
             the
             fire
             (
             being
             the
             moistest
             of
             all
             other
             )
             the
             thorough
             rosting
             of
             Hares
             brains
             and
             Rabbets
             brains
             ;
             and
             the
             mingling
             of
             sage
             ,
             salt
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             Vinegar
             with
             Calves
             brains
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             brains
             of
             Birds
             ,
             none
             are
             absolutely
             commendable
             ,
             but
             of
             such
             fowl
             as
             be
             of
             a
             temperate
             constitution
             ,
             as
             Cocks
             ,
             Chickens
             ,
             Capons
             ,
             Pullets
             ,
             Partridg
             and
             Phesant
             .
             Also
             the
             brains
             of
             rosted
             Woodcocks
             ,
             and
             Snites
             ,
             and
             Blackbirds
             ,
             and
             all
             small
             birds
             are
             counted
             wholsom
             ;
             but
             the
             brains
             of
             great
             birds
             ,
             and
             water-fowl
             ,
             and
             Pigeons
             ,
             and
             all
             sorts
             of
             Wild-doves
             ,
             
             are
             counted
             by
             the
             old
             and
             learned
             Arabians
             very
             dangerous
             :
             Only
             Quails
             brains
             are
             commended
             by
             Galen
             ,
             against
             the
             falling
             sickness
             ,
             and
             Cranes
             brains
             against
             the
             Hemorrhoids
             .
          
        
         
           
             Tongues
             .
          
           
             The
             Tongues
             of
             Beasts
             seem
             to
             be
             wholly
             of
             a
             fleshy
             substance
             :
             Which
             if
             we
             deny
             not
             because
             it
             is
             full
             of
             muscles
             ,
             yet
             verily
             the
             flesh
             thereof
             is
             more
             spongy
             and
             
             oily
             then
             of
             any
             flesh
             besides
             .
             Aesop
             and
             Thales
             called
             Tongues
             the
             best
             and
             the
             worst
             part
             of
             the
             body
             ;
             but
             as
             an
             Asses
             bones
             make
             the
             sweetest
             Regal-pipes
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             though
             the
             living
             Asse
             be
             least
             musical
             ;
             so
             let
             the
             living
             Tongues
             of
             any
             Beasts
             be
             never
             so
             bad
             ,
             yet
             they
             are
             without
             comparison
             the
             sweetest
             meat
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             dead
             and
             drest
             :
             For
             the
             Tongues
             of
             Beasts
             are
             soft
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             light
             ,
             moist
             and
             spongy
             ,
             never
             faulty
             of
             themselves
             ,
             but
             marred
             oftentimes
             by
             miscookery
             .
             As
             for
             Birds
             Tongues
             ,
             they
             are
             generally
             exceeding
             dry
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             gristly
             (
             Parots
             tongues
             excepted
             )
             neither
             could
             I
             ever
             find
             any
             cause
             (
             but
             because
             a
             curious
             and
             sumptuous
             fool
             would
             have
             it
             so
             )
             why
             Heliogabulus
             should
             have
             pies
             made
             of
             Nightingales
             Tongues
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Chine-Marrow
             .
          
           
             
               Pith.
               Marrow
            
             ,
             running
             all
             along
             from
             the
             hinder
             brain
             (
             whereof
             no
             doubt
             it
             is
             a
             portion
             )
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             back-bone
             or
             chine
             of
             beasts
             ,
             is
             no
             doubt
             much
             harder
             and
             drier
             then
             the
             brain
             it self
             ,
             especially
             towards
             the
             further
             end
             of
             the
             back
             ;
             which
             driness
             makes
             it
             less
             loathsom
             to
             the
             stomack
             then
             brains
             are
             ;
             yea
             furthermore
             it
             strengtheneth
             that
             body
             which
             is
             able
             to
             concoct
             it
             .
             Many
             are
             of
             opinion
             that
             Cawdles
             made
             strong
             with
             the
             pith
             of
             a
             Steer
             ,
             and
             yolks
             of
             new-laid
             eggs
             ,
             do
             by
             a
             secret
             property
             restore
             nature
             ,
             and
             recover
             the
             weakness
             of
             loyns
             caused
             by
             venery
             .
             Montagnana
             maketh
             a
             singular
             confection
             of
             divers
             marrows
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             not
             set
             down
             in
             English
             ,
             lest
             wantons
             be
             too
             bold
             to
             follow
             their
             follies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hearts
             .
          
           
             Hearts
             of
             all
             living
             creatures
             ,
             whilst
             life
             endureth
             ,
             are
             most
             active
             and
             effectual
             to
             many
             purposes
             ;
             but
             after
             
             death
             there
             is
             no
             part
             of
             less
             use
             ,
             nor
             less
             nourishment
             .
             Yea
             they
             are
             harder
             of
             digestion
             then
             any
             entrail
             ,
             concocted
             with
             no
             small
             difficulty
             ,
             though
             chosen
             from
             the
             youngest
             and
             tenderest
             sort
             of
             fowls
             or
             beasts
             :
             Yet
             if
             any
             do
             overcome
             them
             ,
             they
             give
             no
             weak
             nor
             bad
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lungs
             .
          
           
             
             Lungs
             of
             beasts
             are
             softer
             then
             the
             heart
             ,
             liver
             ,
             kidneys
             and
             spleens
             ;
             easier
             therefore
             of
             concoction
             ,
             though
             of
             a
             more
             phlegmatick
             and
             froathy
             substancer
             .
             Tacuinus
             commendeth
             them
             greatly
             to
             young
             men
             sick
             of
             hot
             agues
             ,
             because
             they
             both
             temper
             their
             hot
             and
             dry
             disposition
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             that
             they
             be
             light
             ,
             and
             soon
             concocted
             .
             But
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             therefore
             they
             are
             ill
             for
             strong
             and
             labouring
             men
             ,
             whom
             so
             light
             a
             meat
             cannot
             sufficiently
             nourish
             ,
             but
             is
             more
             likely
             to
             putrifie
             in
             their
             stomacks
             .
             
             
             The
             Lungs
             of
             Foxes
             are
             no
             wholsome
             meat
             ,
             but
             rather
             medicin
             to
             sore
             lungs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Livers
             .
          
           
             Livers
             of
             all
             beasts
             give
             but
             gross
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             are
             hardly
             concocted
             ,
             and
             of
             slow
             passage
             ;
             unless
             it
             be
             of
             sucklings
             ,
             or
             of
             young
             swine
             fed
             with
             pure
             meat
             .
             The
             Livers
             of
             tame
             fowl
             ,
             as
             Hens
             ,
             Capons
             ,
             chickens
             ,
             ducklings
             and
             geese
             ,
             fatted
             with
             wholsom
             and
             white
             meat
             ,
             please
             the
             taste
             ,
             clear
             the
             eye-sight
             ,
             agree
             with
             the
             stomack
             ,
             and
             encrease
             bloud
             .
             Cranes
             Livers
             sod
             in
             the
             broth
             of
             cicers
             asswage
             the
             pain
             of
             the
             back
             and
             kidneys
             ,
             but
             they
             are
             of
             a
             small
             and
             bad
             nourishment
             .
             The
             Livers
             of
             Larks
             and
             Snites
             are
             very
             sweet
             and
             restorative
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             a
             Woodcock
             ,
             which
             hath
             of
             all
             other
             birds
             (
             for
             proportion
             of
             his
             body
             )
             the
             greatest
             Liver
             .
          
        
         
           
             Tripes
             .
          
           
             
               Stomacks
               ,
               Paunches
            
             ,
             and
             Guts
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             are
             far
             harder
             in
             substance
             then
             their
             flesh
             ,
             requiring
             much
             time
             ere
             they
             can
             be
             concocted
             ,
             deserving
             scarce
             the
             name
             of
             meat
             ,
             because
             they
             give
             so
             little
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             excrement
             .
             Yea
             all
             tripes
             and
             chitterlings
             made
             of
             elder
             beasts
             (
             be
             they
             oxen
             ,
             swine
             ,
             or
             deer
             )
             though
             accidentally
             through
             sowcing
             they
             procure
             appetite
             ,
             yet
             naturally
             they
             are
             foul
             and
             unwholsom
             meat
             ,
             engendring
             scabs
             ,
             itches
             ,
             and
             leprosies
             ,
             and
             other
             filthy
             diseases
             like
             themselves
             .
             Yet
             the
             taste
             of
             tripes
             did
             seem
             so
             delicate
             to
             the
             
             Romans
             ,
             that
             they
             often
             killed
             oxen
             for
             the
             tripes
             sake
             ,
             not
             caring
             what
             became
             of
             the
             flesh
             ;
             till
             such
             time
             as
             their
             licentious
             appetite
             was
             bridled
             by
             banishment
             if
             any
             should
             attempt
             the
             like
             again
             .
             But
             the
             maws
             or
             gyzards
             of
             Hens
             ,
             Capons
             ,
             Chickens
             ,
             and
             Geese
             especially
             ,
             are
             both
             tender
             and
             pulpy
             ,
             and
             are
             supposed
             extraordinarily
             to
             corroborate
             the
             stomack
             .
             So
             likewise
             the
             guts
             of
             Larks
             ,
             Woodcocks
             ,
             and
             Snites
             ,
             give
             no
             bad
             
             nourishment
             ,
             being
             presently
             roasted
             assoon
             as
             the
             birds
             be
             taken
             .
          
        
         
           
             Milts
             .
          
           
             Spleens
             of
             beasts
             give
             an
             unpleasant
             taste
             and
             a
             worse
             nourishment
             :
             and
             no
             marvel
             ,
             for
             if
             livers
             ,
             being
             the
             fountains
             of
             blood
             ,
             be
             of
             hard
             and
             unwholesom
             juice
             ,
             how
             can
             spleens
             (
             the
             sinks
             and
             spounges
             of
             the
             liver
             )
             prove
             wholesome
             meat
             ?
             Onely
             such
             a
             hoggs
             spleen
             is
             commended
             ,
             which
             hath
             fed
             long
             upon
             Tamarisk
             ,
             wherby
             all
             gross
             ,
             soure
             ,
             and
             melancholick
             humours
             have
             been
             consumed
             in
             it
             .
             Paracelsus
             is
             the
             first
             that
             ever
             
             commended
             an
             Oxes
             spleen
             ,
             as
             available
             to
             hasten
             the
             courses
             of
             women
             .
          
           
             
             Kidneys
             of
             beasts
             (
             for
             birds
             have
             none
             ,
             the
             Bat
             excepted
             ,
             which
             also
             hath
             brests
             and
             giveth
             milk
             )
             be
             of
             a
             middle
             temper
             betwixt
             flesh
             and
             kernels
             ,
             of
             hard
             concoction
             and
             ill
             juice
             ,
             especially
             in
             the
             greater
             sorts
             of
             beasts
             ;
             alwaies
             keeping
             a
             smack
             of
             that
             which
             passeth
             through
             them
             ,
             and
             being
             too
             strong
             for
             most
             stomacks
             ;
             the
             kidneys
             of
             sucking
             Lambs
             ,
             Calves
             ,
             Piggs
             ,
             and
             Kids
             ,
             are
             the
             tenderest
             and
             the
             best
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             have
             left
             sucking
             they
             are
             all
             too
             ranck
             .
          
        
         
           
             Kernels
             and
             Sweet-breads
          
           
             Kernels
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             especially
             such
             as
             lye
             about
             the
             throat
             and
             breast
             of
             sucking
             Calves
             ,
             Kids
             and
             Lambs
             ,
             
             are
             a
             very
             good
             meat
             being
             well
             digested
             ,
             drawing
             neer
             to
             the
             nourishment
             of
             flesh
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             be
             not
             well
             digested
             ,
             they
             breed
             raw
             and
             flegmatick
             humours
             .
             Our
             Countrymen
             do
             well
             first
             to
             roast
             and
             then
             to
             boil
             the
             sweet-bread
             of
             beasts
             ;
             for
             thereby
             all
             superfluous
             moisture
             is
             consumed
             .
             Kernels
             of
             fowls
             lye
             chiefly
             about
             the
             rump
             on
             either
             side
             thereof
             ,
             and
             are
             (
             as
             many
             take
             it
             )
             very
             restorative
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Matrix
             .
          
           
             
               The
               matrix
            
             of
             beasts
             ,
             yea
             of
             a
             barren
             Doe
             so
             highly
             esteemed
             ,
             is
             but
             a
             sinewy
             and
             hard
             substance
             ,
             slow
             of
             digestion
             and
             little
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Eyes
             .
          
           
             Eyes
             of
             young
             beasts
             and
             young
             birds
             are
             not
             unwholesome
             ,
             being
             separated
             from
             their
             skins
             ,
             fat
             ,
             balls
             ,
             and
             humours
             ;
             for
             then
             nothing
             remaineth
             but
             a
             sweet
             tender
             and
             musculous
             flesh
             ,
             which
             is
             very
             easie
             of
             digestion
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ears
             ,
             Snouts
             and
             Lips.
             
          
           
             The
             
               Ears
               ,
               Snouts
            
             and
             Lips
             of
             beasts
             being
             bloudless
             and
             of
             a
             sinewy
             nature
             ,
             are
             more
             watrish
             ,
             viscous
             ,
             and
             flegmatick
             ,
             then
             that
             they
             may
             be
             commended
             for
             any
             good
             or
             indifferent
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pinions
             and
             Feet
             .
          
           
             The
             Pinions
             of
             birds
             ,
             and
             the
             feet
             of
             beasts
             are
             of
             like
             disposition
             ;
             yet
             the
             pinions
             of
             geese
             ,
             hens
             ,
             capons
             ,
             and
             chickens
             are
             of
             good
             nourishment
             :
             and
             so
             are
             the
             feet
             of
             young
             hogs
             ,
             pigs
             ,
             Lambs
             and
             Calves
             ;
             yea
             also
             a
             tender
             Cow-heel
             is
             counted
             restorative
             ;
             and
             Heliogabalus
             the
             Emperour
             amongst
             his
             most
             dainty
             and
             lustful
             dishes
             made
             Pies
             of
             Cocks-combs
             ,
             Cock-stones
             ,
             Nightingales
             tongues
             ,
             and
             Camels
             heels
             ,
             as
             Lampridius
             writeth
             .
             Galen
             
             also
             for
             men
             sick
             of
             agues
             boil'd
             Piggs-pettitoes
             in
             barly
             water
             ,
             whereby
             each
             was
             bettered
             by
             the
             other
             :
             the
             Ptisan
             making
             them
             the
             more
             tender
             ,
             &
             they
             makeing
             the
             Ptisan
             more
             nourishing
             and
             agreeable
             to
             the
             stomack
             .
             That
             sodden
             Geese
             feet
             were
             restorative
             ,
             Messalinus
             
             Cotta
             by
             trial
             found
             out
             ,
             if
             Pliny
             may
             be
             credited
             .
             The
             Tails
             or
             Rumps
             of
             Beasts
             are
             counted
             by
             certain
             unskilful
             Physitians
             ,
             yea
             of
             Dr.
             Isaac
             himself
             ,
             to
             be
             hard
             of
             digestion
             .
             First
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             so
             far
             distant
             from
             the
             fountain
             of
             heat
             .
             Secondly
             because
             they
             are
             
             most
             of
             a
             sinewy
             constitution
             ;
             to
             which
             if
             a
             third
             had
             been
             added
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             but
             covers
             of
             a
             close-stool
             ,
             perhaps
             is
             arguments
             would
             have
             been
             of
             some
             indifferent
             weight
             :
             For
             indeed
             the
             farther
             any
             part
             is
             from
             the
             heart
             ,
             it
             is
             fed
             and
             nourished
             with
             the
             more
             fine
             and
             temperate
             blood
             ;
             also
             the
             extremities
             or
             ends
             of
             sinews
             are
             of
             strong
             wholesome
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ;
             but
             as
             for
             the
             Tails
             and
             Rumps
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             it
             is
             indifferently
             mingled
             of
             flesh
             ,
             sinews
             and
             fat
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             very
             Anatomy
             of
             them
             shews
             them
             to
             be
             a
             meat
             agreeable
             to
             all
             stomacks
             ;
             and
             verily
             whosoever
             hath
             eaten
             of
             a
             pye
             made
             onely
             of
             Mutton
             Rumps
             ,
             cannot
             but
             confess
             it
             a
             light
             wholesom
             and
             good
             nourishment
             .
             The
             Rumps
             of
             Birds
             are
             correspondent
             ,
             having
             kernels
             instead
             of
             flesh
             ;
             but
             when
             they
             are
             too
             fat
             ,
             they
             overclog
             and
             cloy
             the
             stomack
             .
          
        
         
           
             Udders
             .
          
           
             The
             Udders
             of
             milch
             beasts
             (
             as
             Kine
             ,
             Ewes
             ,
             Does
             ,
             and
             She-goats
             )
             are
             a
             laudable
             taste
             ,
             and
             better
             then
             Tripes
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             of
             a
             more
             fleshy
             nature
             .
             Lean
             Udders
             must
             be
             sod
             tender
             in
             fat
             broth
             ;
             fat
             Udders
             may
             be
             sod
             alone
             ;
             each
             of
             them
             need
             first
             a
             little
             corning
             with
             salt
             ,
             being
             naturally
             of
             a
             flegmatick
             and
             moist
             substance
             .
          
        
         
           
             Stones
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Stones
             of
             a
             Bore
             work
             marvails
             (
             saith
             Pissanellus
             )
             in
             decayed
             bodies
             ,
             stirring
             up
             lust
             through
             abundance
             of
             seed
             ,
             gathered
             by
             superfluous
             and
             ranck
             nourishment
             .
             Indeed
             when
             Bucks
             and
             Stags
             are
             ready
             for
             the
             rut
             ,
             their
             stones
             and
             pisels
             are
             taken
             for
             the
             like
             purpose
             :
             as
             for
             the
             stones
             of
             young
             Cocks
             ,
             Pheasants
             ,
             Drakes
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             and
             Sparrows
             ,
             it
             were
             a
             world
             to
             write
             how
             highly
             they
             are
             esteemed
             .
             Averrhois
             thinks
             that
             the
             stones
             of
             a
             young
             Cock
             ,
             being
             kept
             long
             in
             good
             feeding
             
             and
             separated
             from
             his
             Hens
             ,
             do
             every
             day
             add
             so
             much
             flesh
             unto
             our
             bodies
             ,
             as
             the
             stones
             themselves
             are
             
             in
             weight
             .
             Avicen
             as
             much
             esteemeth
             Cock-sparrowes
             stones
             ,
             or
             rather
             more
             .
             But
             the
             Paduan
             Doctors
             (
             but
             especially
             Doctor
             Calves-head
             )
             giveth
             that
             faculty
             to
             the
             stones
             of
             Pheasants
             and
             Partridges
             above
             all
             others
             .
          
        
         
           
             Skin
             .
          
           
             The
             Skins
             of
             Beasts
             ,
             yea
             of
             a
             roasted
             Pig
             is
             so
             far
             from
             nourishing
             ,
             that
             it
             can
             hardly
             be
             well
             digested
             of
             a
             strong
             stomack
             .
             Some
             Birds
             are
             sodden
             or
             roasted
             without
             their
             skins
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             black
             and
             bitter
             (
             as
             Rooks
             ,
             Dawes
             ,
             Cootes
             ,
             and
             Moor-hens
             )
             and
             howsoever
             others
             are
             spared
             ,
             yet
             the
             skin
             of
             no
             Bird
             turneth
             to
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             rather
             to
             ill
             humours
             or
             filthy
             excrements
             .
             Nay
             the
             very
             skin
             of
             an
             egg
             ,
             of
             a
             nut
             ,
             an
             almond
             ,
             a
             prune
             ,
             a
             raisen
             ,
             or
             a
             corrin
             ,
             and
             generally
             of
             all
             fruit
             ,
             is
             so
             far
             from
             nourishing
             ,
             that
             it
             cometh
             out
             of
             the
             strongest
             mans
             body
             (
             either
             whole
             or
             broken
             )
             as
             it
             went
             in
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XIIII
           .
        
         
           Of
           Milk.
           
        
         
           FOrasmuch
           as
           childrens
           stomacks
           ,
           and
           old
           mens
           bodies
           ,
           and
           consumed
           mens
           natures
           be
           so
           weak
           ,
           that
           not
           onely
           all
           flesh
           and
           fish
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           earth
           are
           burdensome
           to
           their
           tender
           and
           weak
           bowels
           :
           God
           tendring
           the
           growing
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           the
           preservation
           of
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           the
           restoring
           of
           the
           third
           ,
           hath
           therefore
           appointed
           Milk
           ;
           which
           the
           youngest
           child
           ,
           the
           weariest
           old
           man
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           sickness
           hath
           consumed
           may
           easily
           digest
           .
           If
           we
           would
           define
           or
           describe
           what
           Milk
           is
           ,
           it
           seemeth
           to
           be
           nothing
           but
           white
           blood
           ,
           orrather
           the
           abundant
           part
           of
           blood
           ,
           whited
           in
           the
           breasts
           of
           such
           creatures
           as
           are
           ordained
           by
           nature
           to
           give
           suck
           ;
           appointed
           properly
           for
           children
           and
           sucking
           little
           ones
           ,
           but
           accidentally
           for
           all
           men
           ,
           sick
           either
           of
           consuming
           diseases
           or
           old
           age
           .
           That
           womens
           Milk
           is
           fittest
           for
           young
           children
           ,
           it
           may
           easily
           be
           proved
           by
           the
           course
           of
           nature
           ,
           which
           converteth
           the
           superfluity
           of
           blood
           in
           a
           woman
           bearing
           her
           child
           within
           her
           to
           the
           brests
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           purpose
           ,
           then
           that
           she
           should
           nourish
           her
           own
           babe
           .
           For
           truly
           nothing
           is
           so
           unperfect
           ,
           defectuous
           ,
           naked
           ,
           deformed
           ,
           and
           filthy
           as
           a
           man
           ,
           when
           he
           is
           newly
           born
           into
           the
           world
           through
           a
           straite
           and
           outstreatched
           passage
           ;
           defiled
           with
           blood
           ,
           replenished
           with
           corruption
           ,
           more
           like
           to
           a
           slain
           then
           a
           living
           creature
           ,
           whom
           no
           body
           would
           vouchsafe
           to
           take
           up
           and
           look
           on
           ,
           much
           less
           to
           wash
           ,
           kiss
           ,
           and
           embrace
           it
           ,
           had
           not
           nature
           inspired
           an
           inward
           love
           in
           the
           mother
           towards
           her
           own
           ,
           and
           in
           such
           as
           be
           the
           mothers
           friends
           .
        
         
         
           Hence
           it
           cometh
           that
           mothers
           yet
           hot
           &
           sweating
           with
           travail
           ,
           trembling
           still
           for
           their
           many
           and
           extream
           throws
           ,
           forget
           not
           their
           new-born
           Babes
           ,
           but
           smile
           upon
           them
           in
           their
           greatest
           weakness
           ,
           heaping
           labour
           upon
           labour
           ,
           changing
           the
           nights
           trouble
           with
           the
           dayes
           unquietness
           ;
           suffering
           it
           to
           taste
           no
           other
           milk
           ,
           then
           that
           wherewith
           in
           their
           bellies
           it
           was
           maintained
           .
           This
           doth
           a
           kind
           and
           natural
           mother
           (
           if
           she
           be
           of
           a
           sound
           and
           indifferent
           strong
           constitution
           )
           for
           her
           child
           ;
           and
           thus
           did
           
             Eve
             ,
             Sara
             ,
             Rebecca
          
           ,
           and
           Rachel
           ;
           yea
           all
           women
           which
           truely
           loved
           their
           children
           ,
           and
           were
           both
           able
           and
           willing
           to
           feed
           their
           own
           .
           There
           be
           many
           reasons
           why
           mothers
           should
           be
           afraid
           to
           commit
           their
           children
           to
           starnge
           women
           .
           First
           because
           no
           Milk
           can
           be
           so
           natural
           unto
           them
           as
           their
           own
           .
           Secondly
           because
           it
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           lest
           their
           children
           may
           draw
           ill
           qualities
           from
           their
           Nurses
           both
           of
           body
           and
           mind
           ,
           as
           it
           fell
           out
           in
           Iupiter
           ,
           whom
           whilst
           his
           Mother
           committed
           to
           Aega
           
           
             (
             Olens
          
           daughter
           and
           Pans
           wife
           )
           to
           be
           nursed
           by
           her
           ,
           the
           Country
           woman
           living
           only
           upon
           goats
           milk
           ,
           could
           not
           but
           be
           of
           a
           strong
           lascivious
           nature
           ,
           which
           left
           such
           an
           impression
           in
           the
           child
           ,
           that
           growing
           once
           to
           the
           age
           of
           a
           stripling
           ,
           he
           was
           in
           love
           with
           every
           fair
           wench
           ,
           lay
           with
           his
           own
           Sister
           ,
           forced
           his
           own
           Neices
           ,
           left
           no
           fair
           woman
           unassaulted
           ,
           if
           either
           bygold
           ,
           or
           entreaty
           ,
           or
           craft
           ,
           and
           transforming
           himself
           he
           could
           obtain
           her
           love
           .
           Nay
           when
           he
           was
           full
           of
           womens
           company
           ,
           he
           loved
           boys
           and
           abused
           himself
           unnaturally
           in
           companying
           with
           beasts
           .
           The
           like
           also
           is
           recorded
           of
           Aegysthus
           ,
           who
           being
           fed
           in
           a
           Shepheards
           Cottage
           only
           with
           goats
           Milk
           ,
           waxed
           thereupon
           so
           goatish
           and
           lecherous
           ,
           that
           he
           defiled
           not
           onely
           
           Agamemnons
           bed
           ,
           but
           also
           neighed
           (
           in
           a
           manner
           )
           at
           every
           mans
           wife
           .
        
         
           Nevertheless
           if
           the
           Mothers
           weakness
           be
           such
           that
           
           she
           cannot
           ,
           or
           her
           frowardness
           such
           ,
           that
           she
           will
           not
           nurse
           her
           own
           Child
           ;
           then
           another
           must
           be
           taken
           sutable
           to
           the
           Childs
           constitution
           :
           for
           a
           fine
           and
           dainty
           Child
           requireth
           a
           Nurse
           like
           to
           it self
           ;
           and
           the
           Child
           of
           strong
           and
           clownish
           Parents
           ,
           must
           have
           a
           Nurse
           of
           a
           strong
           and
           clownish
           Diet.
           For
           as
           Lambs
           sucking
           ,
           she-goats
           bear
           course
           wool
           ,
           and
           Kids
           sucking
           Ewes
           bear
           soft
           hair
           ,
           so
           fine
           Children
           degenerate
           by
           gross
           womans
           milk
           ,
           losing
           or
           lesning
           that
           excellency
           of
           nature
           ,
           wit
           ,
           and
           complexion
           ,
           which
           from
           their
           Parents
           they
           first
           obtained
           .
           Neither
           is
           womens
           Milk
           best
           onely
           for
           young
           and
           tender
           infants
           ,
           but
           also
           for
           men
           and
           women
           of
           riper
           years
           ,
           fallen
           by
           age
           or
           by
           sickness
           into
           compositions
           .
        
         
           
           Best
           I
           mean
           in
           the
           way
           of
           nourishment
           ,
           for
           otherwise
           Asses
           Milk
           is
           best
           ,
           for
           some
           Cowes
           ,
           Milk
           and
           for
           others
           Goats
           milk
           ;
           because
           the
           one
           cleanses
           ,
           the
           other
           loosens
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           strengtheneth
           more
           then
           the
           rest
           .
           Goatsmilk
           is
           also
           better
           for
           weak
           stomacks
           ,
           because
           they
           feed
           on
           boughs
           more
           then
           grass
           .
           Sheeps-milk
           is
           sweeter
           ,
           thicker
           and
           more
           nourishing
           ,
           yet
           less
           agreeable
           to
           the
           stomack
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           fatter
           .
           Cows-milk
           is
           most
           medicinable
           ,
           because
           with
           us
           it
           looseneth
           the
           body
           ,
           though
           in
           Arcadia
           it
           stayeth
           the
           belly
           ,
           and
           cureth
           consumptions
           better
           then
           
           any
           other
           milk
           .
           Finally
           the
           milk
           ofany
           beast
           chewing
           the
           cud
           (
           as
           Goats
           ,
           Sheep
           ,
           and
           Kine
           )
           is
           very
           ill
           for
           rhumes
           ,
           murs
           ,
           coughes
           ,
           fevers
           ,
           headache
           ,
           stoppings
           and
           inflamations
           of
           any
           inward
           part
           ;
           for
           sore
           eyes
           also
           ,
           and
           shaking
           of
           sinews
           .
           Avicen
           saith
           ,
           that
           their
           Milk
           is
           hurtfull
           to
           young
           men
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           cholerick
           ;
           to
           sore
           eyes
           ,
           headaches
           ,
           agues
           ,
           and
           rhumes
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           full
           of
           vapors
           :
           to
           convulsions
           and
           cramps
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           repletion
           :
           to
           resolution
           or
           palsies
           ,
           by
           over
           moistning
           ;
           to
           the
           stone
           and
           obstructions
           ,
           because
           the
           cheesy
           part
           of
           it
           is
           very
           gross
           .
        
         
           Of
           Beasts
           not
           chewing
           the
           Cud
           Camels
           milk
           is
           the
           
           sweetest
           and
           thinest
           of
           all
           other
           ;
           Mares
           milk
           the
           next
           ,
           and
           Asses
           milk
           of
           a
           middle
           temper
           :
           not
           so
           thin
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           nourisheth
           much
           ;
           nor
           so
           thick
           ,
           as
           that
           easily
           it
           will
           curdle
           .
           All
           milk
           is
           thinnest
           in
           the
           Spring
           ,
           and
           thickest
           in
           Sommer
           ,
           because
           then
           the
           wheyish
           part
           is
           resolved
           by
           sweat
           ;
           and
           all
           meats
           then
           obtain
           a
           dryer
           faculty
           .
        
         
           
             Signes
             of
             the
             best
             Milk.
             
          
           
             There
             be
             four
             wayes
             in
             women
             and
             beasts
             to
             know
             the
             most
             nourishing
             and
             substantial
             milk
             :
             namely
             by
             the
             colour
             ,
             smell
             ,
             consistence
             ,
             and
             taste
             .
             For
             the
             best
             milk
             is
             of
             a
             pearl-colour
             ,
             neither
             blue
             ,
             transparent
             ,
             nor
             gray
             ,
             but
             white
             clear
             and
             confused
             ;
             the
             consistence
             of
             it
             is
             neither
             thin
             nor
             thick
             ,
             hanging
             like
             a
             row
             of
             pearls
             upon
             ones
             nail
             (
             if
             it
             be
             milked
             on
             it
             )
             not
             overhastily
             running
             of
             .
             In
             taste
             it
             is
             not
             soure
             ,
             bitter
             ,
             salt
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             sharp
             ,
             nor
             strong
             ,
             but
             sweet
             yet
             not
             in
             excess
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             after
             
             an
             extraordinary
             kind
             of
             pleasantness
             :
             yet
             Galen
             affirmeth
             ,
             that
             if
             milk
             could
             be
             tasted
             when
             it
             is
             first
             concocted
             in
             the
             veins
             and
             breasts
             ,
             it
             would
             seem
             sweeter
             then
             hony
             it self
             .
          
           
             The
             smell
             likewise
             of
             it
             is
             pure
             and
             fragrant
             ,
             though
             proper
             to
             it self
             ,
             and
             void
             of
             loathsomness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Causes
             of
             good
             Milk.
             
          
           
             Also
             it
             is
             much
             material
             to
             the
             goodness
             of
             milk
             ,
             to
             have
             speciall
             regard
             to
             the
             Diet
             of
             those
             creatures
             whose
             milk
             we
             use
             ,
             or
             chuse
             for
             our
             children
             .
             Galen
             reporteth
             that
             a
             friends
             child
             of
             his
             ,
             having
             lost
             his
             good
             Nurse
             by
             an
             untimely
             death
             ,
             was
             put
             out
             to
             another
             :
             who
             in
             time
             of
             dearth
             being
             forced
             to
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             fruit
             ,
             and
             roots
             ,
             and
             Acorne
             bread
             ,
             infected
             her
             child
             (
             as
             she
             her self
             was
             infected
             )
             with
             much
             grevious
             and
             filthy
             scabs
             .
             And
             I
             pray
             you
             what
             else
             is
             the
             cause
             ,
             that
             many
             children
             nursed
             in
             the
             Country
             are
             so
             subject
             to
             frets
             ,
             sharpness
             of
             urine
             and
             the
             stone
             ;
             but
             that
             their
             Nurses
             
             for
             the
             most
             part
             eat
             rye
             bread
             strong
             of
             the
             leaven
             ,
             and
             hard
             cheese
             ,
             and
             drink
             nothing
             but
             muddy
             and
             new
             Ale
             ?
             It
             is
             also
             recorded
             ,
             that
             a
             young
             man
             sick
             of
             a
             Consumption
             ,
             used
             the
             milk
             of
             a
             goat
             to
             his
             great
             good
             ,
             so
             long
             as
             it
             fed
             in
             his
             own
             field
             ;
             but
             afterward
             feeding
             in
             another
             field
             where
             store
             of
             Scammony
             grew
             ,
             and
             some
             wild
             spourge
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             a
             deadly
             scowring
             and
             felt
             no
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             care
             is
             to
             be
             taken
             of
             their
             health
             ,
             that
             give
             us
             milk
             ;
             for
             as
             an
             unclean
             and
             pocky
             nurse
             (
             which
             woful
             experience
             dayly
             proveth
             )
             infecteth
             most
             sound
             and
             lively
             children
             ;
             so
             likewise
             a
             clean
             sound
             and
             healthful
             nurse
             recovereth
             a
             sickly
             and
             impotent
             child
             .
             Nay
             (
             which
             is
             more
             )
             no
             man
             can
             justly
             doubt
             ,
             that
             a
             childs
             mind
             is
             answerable
             to
             his
             nurses
             milk
             and
             manners
             ;
             for
             what
             made
             Iupiter
             and
             Aegystus
             so
             lecherous
             ,
             but
             that
             
             they
             were
             chiefly
             fed
             with
             goats
             milk
             ?
             What
             made
             Romulus
             and
             Polyphemus
             so
             cruel
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             were
             
             nursed
             by
             She-wolves
             ?
             What
             made
             
               Pelias
               (
               Tyrus
            
             and
             Neptunes
             son
             )
             so
             bruitish
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             was
             nursed
             by
             an
             unhappy
             mare
             ?
             Is
             it
             any
             marvel
             also
             ,
             that
             Giles
             the
             Abbot
             (
             as
             the
             Saint-register
             writeth
             )
             continued
             so
             long
             
             the
             love
             of
             a
             solitary
             life
             in
             woods
             and
             deserts
             when
             three
             years
             together
             he
             suckt
             a
             Doe
             ?
             What
             made
             Dr.
             Cajus
             in
             his
             last
             sickness
             so
             peevish
             and
             so
             full
             of
             frets
             at
             Cambridge
             ,
             when
             he
             suckt
             one
             woman
             (
             whom
             I
             spare
             to
             name
             )
             froward
             of
             conditions
             and
             of
             bad
             diet
             ;
             and
             contrariwise
             so
             quiet
             and
             well
             ,
             when
             he
             suckt
             another
             of
             contrary
             disposition
             ?
             verily
             the
             diversity
             of
             their
             milks
             and
             conditions
             ,
             which
             being
             contrary
             one
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             wrought
             also
             in
             him
             that
             sucked
             them
             contrary
             effects
             .
          
           
             Now
             having
             shewed
             what
             milk
             is
             best
             ,
             and
             how
             to
             be
             chosen
             ,
             let
             us
             consider
             how
             it
             is
             to
             be
             taken
             and
             used
             
             of
             us
             .
             First
             therefore
             if
             any
             naturally
             loath
             it
             (
             as
             Petrus
             
             Aponensis
             did
             from
             the
             day
             of
             his
             birth
             )
             it
             cannot
             possibly
             give
             him
             any
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             perhaps
             very
             much
             hurt
             in
             offending
             nature
             .
             If
             contrariwise
             any
             
             with
             Philinus
             love
             nothing
             else
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             poor
             Bizonians
             can
             get
             no
             other
             meat
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             Tartarians
             and
             Arabians
             feed
             most
             often
             and
             willingly
             on
             milk
             :
             let
             them
             all
             remember
             these
             three
             lessons
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             Milk
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             and
             used
             ,
             in
             time
             of
             health
             .
          
           
             First
             that
             they
             drink
             or
             eat
             the
             milk
             of
             no
             horned
             beast
             unsodden
             ,
             for
             so
             will
             it
             not
             easily
             curdle
             nor
             engender
             wind
             :
             but
             Womens
             milk
             ,
             Asses
             milk
             ,
             and
             Mares
             milk
             ,
             need
             no
             other
             fire
             to
             prepare
             it
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             never
             curdle
             into
             any
             hard
             substance
             .
             Secondly
             to
             be
             sure
             that
             milk
             shall
             not
             curdle
             ,
             season
             it
             with
             salt
             ,
             suger
             ,
             or
             hony
             ,
             and
             neither
             drink
             any
             wine
             or
             soure
             thing
             upon
             it
             ,
             nor
             mingle
             it
             with
             other
             meats
             ,
             but
             eat
             it
             upon
             an
             empty
             stomack
             ,
             and
             fast
             an
             hour
             after
             it
             .
             Thirdly
             exercise
             not
             presently
             upon
             it
             ,
             neither
             sleep
             upon
             any
             milk
             taken
             from
             beasts
             chewing
             the
             cud
             ,
             and
             when
             you
             have
             eaten
             it
             wash
             your
             teeth
             clean
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             no
             greater
             enemy
             unto
             them
             then
             milk
             it self
             ,
             which
             therefore
             nature
             hath
             chiefly
             ordained
             for
             them
             ,
             who
             never
             had
             or
             have
             
             lost
             their
             teeth
             .
             And
             truely
             (
             as
             
               Marcilius
               Ficinus
            
             noteth
             )
             Milk
             is
             not
             to
             be
             used
             of
             young
             men
             ,
             who
             have
             sound
             teeth
             given
             them
             for
             stronger
             meat
             ,
             but
             of
             such
             as
             either
             have
             none
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             very
             few
             and
             weak
             ones
             ;
             or
             though
             they
             have
             strong
             teeth
             ,
             want
             ability
             and
             strength
             to
             set
             them
             a
             grinding
             as
             it
             falleth
             out
             in
             them
             that
             are
             fallen
             into
             Fever
             Hecticks
             .
             Wherefore
             when
             Poppaea
             
             wife
             to
             
               Domitius
               Nero
            
             carried
             500
             she
             Asses
             (
             shod
             with
             gold
             )
             continually
             about
             with
             her
             ,
             to
             bath
             her
             body
             in
             their
             milk
             once
             a
             week
             ,
             and
             to
             drink
             of
             it
             every
             day
             ,
             to
             make
             her
             skin
             clear
             and
             smooth
             without
             wrinckles
             :
             
             she
             left
             it
             rather
             a
             monument
             of
             her
             pride
             ,
             then
             a
             memorial
             of
             her
             wisdome
             ;
             for
             nature
             taught
             her
             a
             better
             meat
             ,
             though
             Art
             could
             not
             appoint
             her
             a
             finer
             Bath
             .
             If
             she
             had
             taken
             it
             (
             as
             the
             Arcadians
             do
             Cow-milk
             )
             in
             the
             
             spring
             time
             onely
             ,
             for
             a
             month
             or
             six
             weeks
             together
             once
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             to
             cleanse
             and
             purge
             the
             body
             of
             bad
             humours
             ,
             it
             had
             been
             good
             and
             warrantable
             by
             physick
             :
             but
             to
             use
             it
             continually
             in
             health
             could
             not
             less
             corrupt
             her
             ,
             then
             Goats
             milk
             did
             my
             Lady
             Penruddock
             ,
             of
             whose
             cruel
             and
             terrible
             end
             ,
             caused
             by
             the
             lest
             worms
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             perpetually
             engendred
             betwixt
             the
             skin
             and
             the
             flesh
             ,
             through
             superfluity
             of
             nourishment
             arising
             from
             the
             long
             continuance
             of
             Goats
             milk
             ;
             I
             will
             not
             here
             reherse
             ,
             it
             being
             fresh
             enough
             in
             their
             memories
             that
             best
             knew
             her
             &
             most
             loved
             her
             .
             The
             like
             may
             I
             say
             of
             Cow
             milk
             so
             generally
             used
             of
             us
             ,
             that
             being
             now
             and
             then
             taken
             of
             sound
             men
             (
             not
             subject
             nor
             distempered
             with
             hot
             diseases
             )
             it
             nourisheth
             plentifully
             ,
             encreaseth
             the
             brain
             ,
             fatneth
             the
             body
             ,
             restoreth
             flesh
             ,
             asswageth
             sharpness
             of
             urine
             ,
             giveth
             the
             face
             a
             lively
             and
             good
             colour
             ,
             encreaseth
             lust
             ,
             keepeth
             the
             body
             soluble
             ,
             ceaseth
             extream
             coughing
             ,
             and
             openeth
             the
             brest
             ;
             as
             for
             children
             and
             old
             men
             they
             may
             use
             it
             dayly
             without
             offence
             ,
             yea
             rather
             for
             their
             good
             and
             great
             benefit
             .
          
        
         
           
             What
             Milk
             is
             best
             in
             sickness
             and
             consumptions
             .
          
           
             
               Concerning
               them
               that
               be
               sick
            
             ,
             There
             are
             few
             diseases
             to
             which
             milk
             is
             not
             offensive
             being
             inwardly
             taken
             ,
             except
             the
             Consumptions
             of
             the
             solid
             parts
             called
             Marasmus
             ,
             the
             Consumption
             of
             flesh
             ,
             called
             Atrophia
             ,
             and
             the
             Consumption
             of
             the
             lungs
             and
             breathing
             parts
             called
             Phthisis
             .
             For
             recovery
             of
             the
             first
             ,
             Cammels
             milk
             is
             preferred
             before
             all
             others
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             most
             moist
             and
             thin
             .
             The
             second
             sort
             is
             best
             recovered
             by
             sucking
             milk
             from
             a
             womans
             brest
             ,
             as
             most
             familiar
             to
             our
             livers
             and
             
             
             
             
             
             blood
             ,
             needing
             no
             preparation
             (
             for
             it
             is
             onely
             blood
             discoloured
             )
             but
             onely
             application
             unto
             the
             flesh
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             chusing
             of
             a
             good
             Nurse
             .
          
           
             The
             Nurse
             must
             be
             young
             ,
             clear
             of
             skin
             ,
             of
             a
             kindly
             smell
             ,
             pure
             complexion
             ,
             good
             temperature
             ,
             wholesom
             and
             moderat
             diet
             ,
             much
             sleep
             ,
             little
             anger
             ,
             neither
             too
             idle
             nor
             too
             toiling
             ,
             no
             wine
             bibber
             ,
             no
             eater
             of
             hot
             spices
             ,
             no
             ordinary
             wanton
             ,
             and
             void
             of
             all
             diseases
             ;
             such
             a
             nurse
             is
             sooner
             wished
             for
             then
             found
             ;
             yet
             such
             a
             one
             is
             to
             be
             chosen
             either
             for
             sound
             children
             or
             sick
             Persons
             ,
             lest
             drawing
             corruption
             in
             so
             fine
             a
             meat
             as
             milk
             is
             ,
             our
             consumptions
             be
             encreased
             so
             much
             the
             more
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             poison
             given
             with
             drink
             is
             more
             dangerous
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asses
             milk
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             sort
             of
             Consumptions
             ,
             wherein
             the
             flesh
             accidentally
             decayeth
             through
             exulceration
             of
             the
             lungs
             and
             breathing
             parts
             ,
             is
             especially
             to
             be
             cured
             by
             Asses
             milk
             ;
             for
             which
             Cammels
             milk
             is
             unfit
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             too
             thin
             and
             moist
             ;
             as
             also
             womans
             milk
             ,
             because
             it
             wholly
             nourisheth
             and
             nothing
             cleanseth
             ;
             whereas
             Asses
             milk
             is
             both
             meat
             and
             medicin
             ,
             cleansing
             and
             nourishing
             alike
             ,
             not
             so
             thin
             as
             to
             hinder
             expectoration
             ,
             not
             so
             thick
             as
             to
             cause
             condensation
             of
             the
             matter
             putrified
             ,
             but
             being
             of
             a
             middle
             temper
             and
             consistence
             ,
             and
             consequently
             most
             proper
             for
             that
             disease
             .
             Neither
             are
             all
             Asses
             of
             alike
             goodness
             ;
             for
             a
             young
             Asses
             milk
             is
             of
             the
             thinnest
             ,
             an
             old
             Asses
             milk
             is
             too
             thick
             and
             dry
             ,
             but
             one
             of
             a
             middle
             age
             is
             best
             for
             that
             purpose
             .
             Having
             gotten
             such
             a
             one
             ,
             every
             morning
             (
             four
             or
             five
             hours
             before
             you
             use
             her
             milk
             )
             shut
             her
             from
             her
             foal
             ,
             and
             curry
             her
             well
             and
             clean
             ,
             lest
             her
             skin
             growing
             scurvy
             and
             foul
             ill
             vapours
             be
             augmented
             inwardly
             for
             want
             of
             expiration
             :
             then
             feed
             her
             with
             grinded
             malt
             ,
             straw-dryed
             ,
             mingled
             
             with
             a
             little
             sweet
             fennel
             seed
             ,
             aniseed
             ,
             or
             carraway
             seed
             ,
             which
             she
             will
             eat
             with
             great
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             digest
             into
             a
             sweet
             and
             wholesome
             blood
             :
             an
             hour
             after
             that
             ,
             milk
             her
             as
             neer
             the
             patient
             as
             conveniently
             you
             can
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             drink
             her
             milk
             ere
             the
             air
             hath
             altered
             it
             ,
             for
             if
             it
             be
             once
             cold
             it
             is
             never
             wholesome
             ;
             this
             is
             to
             be
             done
             twise
             a
             day
             ,
             morning
             and
             evening
             upon
             an
             empty
             stomach
             ,
             neither
             eating
             nor
             drinking
             ought
             after
             it
             for
             two
             hours
             ;
             you
             may
             sweeten
             it
             also
             with
             sugar-candy
             ,
             sugar
             of
             roses
             ,
             or
             fine
             maiden
             hony
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             be
             the
             more
             effectual
             .
             Assoon
             as
             the
             Ass
             is
             milked
             ,
             turn
             her
             and
             her
             foal
             into
             fine
             leaze
             ,
             wherein
             store
             of
             Cowslaps
             ,
             Trifoil
             ,
             Cinqfoil
             ,
             Elecampana
             ,
             Burnet
             Filipendula
             ,
             Meadtansy
             ,
             Horsetail
             ,
             Plantain
             ,
             Lambs-tongue
             ,
             Seabiouse
             ,
             and
             Lung-wort
             groweth
             .
             In
             winter
             feed
             her
             with
             the
             sweetest
             hay
             growing
             in
             the
             finest
             and
             best
             meddows
             If
             Asses
             milk
             cannot
             be
             conveniently
             obtained
             for
             the
             Lung-consumption
             ,
             nor
             womens
             milk
             for
             the
             Liver-consumption
             before
             specified
             ,
             use
             the
             milk
             of
             a
             meetly
             young
             reddish
             and
             sound
             Cow
             ,
             feeding
             in
             the
             like
             leaze
             or
             upon
             the
             sweetest
             hay
             :
             but
             beware
             (
             as
             commonly
             fools
             do
             not
             )
             that
             you
             feed
             them
             not
             with
             new
             and
             much
             less
             with
             soure
             grains
             ;
             for
             it
             maketh
             their
             milk
             strong
             ,
             windy
             ,
             and
             unwholesome
             ,
             especially
             for
             such
             as
             be
             weak
             and
             much
             consumed
             ;
             likewise
             remember
             to
             rub
             and
             stroke
             down
             your
             Cow
             every
             morning
             ,
             and
             her
             milk
             will
             be
             both
             sweeter
             and
             more
             nourishing
             .
             Thus
             much
             of
             Milk
             ,
             what
             it
             is
             ,
             how
             it
             is
             made
             ;
             for
             whom
             and
             for
             what
             diseases
             it
             is
             convenient
             ,
             how
             it
             is
             to
             be
             prepared
             and
             used
             ,
             how
             many
             kinds
             thereof
             are
             wholesome
             for
             mans
             body
             ,
             what
             milk
             is
             fittest
             for
             sound
             men
             ,
             and
             what
             for
             them
             that
             be
             sick
             :
             so
             there
             resteth
             no
             more
             but
             to
             wonder
             at
             Plinies
             credulity
             ,
             who
             as
             constantly
             (
             upon
             hear-say
             )
             avoucheth
             ,
             mares
             feeding
             neer
             the
             river
             
             
             
               Astaces
               in
               Pontus
            
             to
             give
             all
             black
             Milk
             ;
             as
             Cardan
             reporteth
             blew
             snows
             to
             be
             common
             near
             the
             Straits
             of
             Magellane
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XV.
           
        
         
           Of
           Butter
           ,
           Cream
           ,
           Curds
           ,
           Cheess
           ,
           and
           Whey
           .
        
         
           THe
           milks
           of
           horned
           beasts
           (
           as
           Cows
           ,
           Ewes
           and
           Goats
           )
           do
           consist
           of
           three
           substances
           ;
           
             Cream
             ,
             Curds
          
           and
           Whey
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             Cream
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             (
             being
             compared
             to
             the
             rest
             )
             is
             hot
             and
             unctuous
             ;
             the
             second
             flegmatick
             and
             viscous
             ;
             The
             third
             of
             a
             middle
             nature
             .
             Again
             there
             be
             two
             sorts
             of
             Cream
             ;
             one
             natural
             called
             the
             flour
             of
             raw
             milk
             ,
             gathered
             of
             the
             milk
             without
             fire
             ,
             after
             it
             hath
             stood
             in
             a
             cold
             place
             :
             the
             other
             called
             the
             flour
             or
             cream
             of
             sodden
             milk
             ,
             or
             clouted
             Cream
             ;
             gathered
             from
             it
             after
             it
             hath
             been
             thickned
             upon
             a
             soft
             fire
             .
             Raw
             cream
             how
             sweet
             soever
             it
             seemeth
             to
             wanton
             stomacks
             ,
             yet
             it
             weakneth
             concoction
             ,
             hindereth
             retention
             ,
             and
             is
             more
             hard
             of
             digestion
             then
             any
             milk
             .
             Sodden
             and
             boild
             cream
             (
             such
             as
             we
             use
             in
             Tarts
             ,
             Fools
             and
             Custards
             )
             is
             less
             offensive
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             of
             better
             nourishment
             ;
             yet
             we
             do
             ill
             in
             eating
             it
             last
             ,
             when
             the
             lightness
             and
             unctuosity
             of
             it
             sheweth
             that
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             eaten
             first
             .
          
        
         
           
             Butter
             .
          
           
             Butter
             (
             not
             undeservedly
             termed
             the
             Flemmins
             Triacle
             )
             is
             by
             labouring
             and
             churming
             made
             of
             both
             sorts
             of
             cream
             ;
             so
             that
             as
             milk
             is
             nothing
             but
             blood
             twise
             
             concocted
             ,
             so
             Butter
             is
             nothing
             but
             Cream
             twice
             laboured
             .
             Pliny
             sheweth
             the
             true
             making
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             I
             need
             not
             to
             repeat
             ,
             because
             it
             nothing
             ,
             or
             very
             little
             
             differeth
             from
             ours
             :
             Only
             I
             wonder
             with
             him
             ,
             that
             Africa
             ,
             and
             other
             Barbarous
             Countreys
             esteem
             it
             a
             Gentlemans
             dish
             ,
             when
             here
             and
             in
             Holland
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             the
             Northern
             Regions
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             chief
             food
             of
             the
             poorer
             sort
             .
             For
             go
             from
             the
             elevation
             of
             52
             to
             8●
             of
             the
             North
             pole
             ,
             you
             shall
             every
             where
             find
             such
             store
             of
             good
             butter
             ,
             as
             no
             where
             the
             like
             ,
             no
             not
             in
             Parma
             nor
             Placentia
             ,
             nor
             Holland
             it self
             ,
             whence
             so
             much
             Butter
             
             and
             Cheese
             is
             dispersed
             through
             the
             whole
             world
             .
             In
             Iceland
             they
             make
             such
             a
             quantity
             ,
             that
             having
             neither
             earthen
             Vessels
             nor
             Cask
             enough
             to
             keep
             it
             in
             ,
             they
             make
             Chests
             of
             Firr
             ,
             thirty
             or
             forty
             foot
             long
             ,
             and
             five
             foot
             square
             ,
             filling
             them
             yearly
             with
             salt
             butter
             ,
             which
             they
             bury
             in
             the
             ground
             till
             they
             have
             occasion
             to
             use
             it
             .
          
           
             Butter
             is
             hot
             and
             moist
             ,
             of
             gross
             nourishment
             ,
             softning
             rather
             then
             corroborating
             the
             stomack
             ,
             hastning
             meat
             into
             the
             belly
             before
             it
             be
             concocted
             ,
             rhumatick
             ,
             and
             easily
             converted
             into
             oily
             fumes
             ,
             which
             greatly
             annoy
             both
             throat
             and
             head
             .
             It
             is
             ill
             for
             the
             stomackrhume
             ▪
             and
             all
             fluxes
             either
             of
             bloud-humors
             or
             seed
             ;
             and
             in
             truth
             it
             is
             rather
             to
             be
             used
             as
             Sawce
             and
             Physick
             ,
             then
             as
             meat
             to
             feed
             upon
             .
             It
             is
             best
             at
             breakfast
             ,
             tollerable
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             dinner
             ;
             but
             at
             supper
             no
             way
             good
             ,
             because
             it
             hindreth
             sleep
             ,
             and
             sendeth
             up
             unpleasant
             vapours
             to
             anoy
             the
             brain
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             old
             Proverb
             ,
             
               Butter
               is
               Gold
               in
               the
               morning
               ,
               Silver
               at
               noon
               ,
               and
               Lead
               at
               night
               .
            
             It
             is
             also
             best
             for
             children
             whilst
             they
             are
             growing
             ,
             and
             for
             old
             men
             when
             they
             are
             declining
             ;
             but
             very
             unwholsom
             betwixt
             those
             two
             ages
             ,
             because
             through
             the
             heat
             of
             young
             stomacks
             ,
             
             it
             is
             forthwith
             converted
             into
             choler
             .
             Weak
             stomacks
             are
             to
             eschue
             all
             fat
             ,
             oily
             ,
             and
             buttered
             meats
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             swim
             in
             butter
             ;
             for
             naturally
             butter
             swimeth
             aloft
             ,
             and
             consequently
             hindreth
             the
             stomacks
             closing
             ,
             whereby
             concoction
             is
             foreslowed
             ,
             and
             many
             ill
             accidents
             produced
             to
             the
             whole
             body
             .
             The
             Dutchmen
             have
             a
             by-Verse
             amongst
             them
             to
             this
             effect
             :
             
               
                 Eat
                 Butter
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 it
                 last
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 live
                 till
                 a
                 hundred
                 years
                 be
                 past
                 .
              
            
          
           
             And
             Paracelsus
             in
             his
             Book
             
               de
               Tartaro
            
             ,
             thinketh
             the
             Netherlanders
             to
             be
             more
             free
             of
             the
             stone
             then
             other
             Nations
             ,
             because
             their
             chiefest
             food
             is
             butter
             ;
             wherein
             the
             silly
             Alchymist
             was
             not
             a
             little
             mistaken
             ,
             for
             no
             people
             in
             the
             world
             are
             more
             subject
             to
             that
             disease
             ,
             as
             the
             number
             and
             excellency
             of
             stone-cutters
             in
             that
             Country
             may
             plainly
             prove
             .
             And
             if
             butter
             be
             less
             offensive
             ,
             and
             more
             nourishing
             to
             them
             then
             better
             meat
             ,
             it
             is
             to
             be
             imputed
             either
             to
             a
             natural
             affection
             unto
             it
             ,
             infused
             (
             as
             it
             were
             )
             with
             their
             parents
             seed
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             a
             long
             custom
             ,
             which
             is
             (
             as
             before
             I
             noted
             )
             another
             nature
             .
             And
             verily
             their
             natural
             love
             unto
             that
             meat
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             appeareth
             in
             this
             :
             for
             that
             as
             English
             people
             ,
             when
             the
             Bride
             comes
             from
             Church
             ,
             are
             wont
             to
             cast
             wheat
             upon
             her
             head
             ,
             and
             the
             Grecians
             to
             anoint
             the
             
             doore
             posts
             with
             fat
             la●d
             ;
             so
             when
             their
             Brides
             and
             Bridegrooms
             return
             homeward
             from
             Church
             ,
             one
             presents
             them
             (
             as
             presaging
             plenty
             and
             abundance
             of
             all
             good
             things
             )
             with
             a
             pot
             of
             butter
             ,
             which
             they
             esteem
             the
             foundation
             (
             though
             a
             slippery
             foundation
             )
             of
             their
             lives
             .
             The
             fattest
             butter
             is
             made
             of
             sheeps
             milk
             ,
             the
             
             strongest
             of
             goats
             milk
             ,
             but
             the
             best
             and
             most
             of
             Cows
             milk
             ,
             which
             caused
             it
             of
             the
             Grecians
             to
             be
             called
             Butyros
             .
             It
             were
             tedious
             and
             impertinent
             to
             shew
             how
             many
             and
             necessary
             uses
             it
             hath
             in
             Surgery
             and
             Physick
             ,
             considering
             that
             here
             we
             are
             only
             to
             describe
             (
             as
             we
             have
             done
             )
             what
             nourishment
             it
             giveth
             ,
             not
             what
             it
             worketh
             against
             diseases
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             Curds
             and
             Cheese
             .
          
           
             As
             there
             hath
             mention
             been
             made
             of
             two
             sorts
             of
             Cream
             ,
             so
             now
             also
             I
             must
             write
             of
             two
             sorts
             of
             Curds
             ,
             the
             one
             fresh
             ,
             without
             salt
             or
             runnet
             ,
             the
             other
             mingled
             with
             the
             one
             or
             both
             :
             Now
             if
             the
             Butter
             be
             at
             Market
             when
             the
             Curds
             or
             Cheese
             is
             prest
             at
             home
             ,
             then
             are
             they
             both
             utterly
             unwholsom
             ,
             clamming
             the
             stomack
             ,
             stopping
             the
             veins
             and
             passages
             ,
             speedily
             breeding
             the
             stone
             ,
             and
             many
             mischiefs
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             be
             equally
             mingled
             with
             the
             butterish
             part
             ,
             then
             the
             Cheese
             made
             thereof
             is
             wholsom
             ,
             unless
             age
             or
             ill-housewifery
             hath
             made
             it
             bad
             :
             For
             new
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             fresh
             Cheese
             ,
             nourisheth
             plentifully
             ;
             middle-aged
             Cheese
             nourisheth
             strongly
             ,
             but
             old
             and
             dry
             Cheese
             hurteth
             dangerously
             :
             for
             it
             stayeth
             siege
             ,
             stoppeth
             the
             Liver
             ,
             engendereth
             choler
             ,
             melancholy
             ,
             and
             the
             stone
             ,
             lieth
             long
             in
             the
             stomack
             undigested
             ,
             procureth
             thirst
             ,
             maketh
             a
             stinking
             breath
             ,
             
             and
             a
             scurvy
             skin
             :
             Whereupon
             Galen
             and
             Isaac
             have
             very
             well
             noted
             ,
             That
             as
             we
             may
             feed
             liberally
             of
             ruin
             Cheese
             ,
             and
             more
             liberally
             of
             fresh
             Cheese
             ,
             so
             we
             are
             not
             to
             taste
             any
             further
             of
             old
             and
             hard
             Cheese
             ,
             then
             to
             close
             up
             the
             mouth
             of
             our
             stomacks
             after
             meat
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             differences
             of
             Cheese
             in
             substance
             :
             Good
             Cheese
             is
             neither
             too
             soft
             nor
             too
             hard
             ,
             too
             close
             ,
             nor
             yet
             spongy
             ,
             too
             clammy
             ,
             nor
             yet
             crumbling
             ,
             too
             salt
             ,
             nor
             yet
             unsavory
             ,
             too
             dry
             ,
             nor
             yet
             weeping
             ,
             pleasantly
             ,
             not
             strongly
             smelling
             ,
             easily
             melting
             in
             the
             
             mouth
             ,
             and
             never
             burning
             as
             it
             is
             tosted
             at
             the
             fire
             .
             Likewise
             Cheese
             made
             of
             Ews
             milk
             is
             soonest
             digested
             ,
             that
             of
             Cowes
             milk
             is
             more
             nourishing
             ,
             but
             Cheese
             made
             of
             Goats
             milk
             is
             most
             nourishing
             of
             all
             ,
             being
             eaten
             whilst
             it
             is
             new
             and
             soft
             ,
             for
             it
             quickly
             waxeth
             dry
             ,
             earthly
             ,
             and
             crumbling
             .
             The
             Western
             Goths
             ,
             to
             prevent
             the
             dryness
             of
             Cheese
             ,
             make
             them
             so
             big
             ,
             that
             two
             strong
             men
             with
             leavers
             can
             scarce
             move
             one
             of
             them
             ;
             which
             also
             causeth
             the
             Parmisans
             to
             be
             so
             big
             ,
             and
             also
             
             them
             of
             Placentia
             ,
             which
             
               Bernardinus
               Scaccus
            
             in
             his
             Annals
             of
             Trent
             ,
             preferreth
             before
             the
             Parmisans
             :
             But
             was
             not
             that
             a
             great
             Cheese
             think
             you
             ,
             wherewith
             Zoroaster
             
             lived
             in
             the
             Wilderness
             twenty
             years
             together
             ,
             without
             any
             other
             meat
             ?
             or
             rather
             was
             it
             not
             most
             cunningly
             made
             or
             preserved
             ,
             when
             at
             twenty
             years
             end
             it
             did
             eat
             as
             soft
             as
             at
             the
             first
             day
             ?
             Which
             though
             some
             do
             think
             impossible
             ,
             yet
             the
             Parmisan
             of
             Italy
             will
             prove
             it
             true
             ,
             by
             age
             waxing
             mellower
             and
             softer
             ,
             and
             more
             pleasant
             of
             taste
             ,
             digesting
             whatsoever
             went
             before
             it
             ,
             yet
             it self
             not
             heavy
             of
             digestion
             .
             Our
             Essex
             Cheese
             being
             well
             handled
             ,
             would
             in
             my
             judgement
             come
             next
             unto
             it
             ,
             especially
             if
             Goats
             were
             as
             plentifull
             there
             as
             sheep
             ,
             that
             there
             might
             be
             a
             proportion
             betwixt
             the
             three
             milks
             ,
             without
             which
             it
             is
             folly
             to
             attempt
             the
             like
             .
             Now
             whereas
             the
             Placentians
             and
             Parmians
             add
             Asses
             milk
             ,
             and
             Mares
             milk
             ,
             and
             also
             Camels
             milk
             
             (
             when
             they
             can
             get
             it
             )
             to
             the
             making
             of
             their
             Cheese
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             for
             the
             Curds
             sake
             (
             because
             they
             yield
             no
             hard
             Curd
             )
             but
             for
             the
             butterish
             part
             that
             is
             taken
             out
             of
             them
             :
             for
             indeed
             the
             butter
             made
             of
             them
             is
             most
             thin
             ,
             liquid
             ,
             moist
             and
             penetrating
             ,
             whereby
             such
             a
             suppleing
             is
             procured
             ,
             that
             their
             Cheeses
             do
             rather
             ripen
             then
             dry
             with
             long
             lying
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Irish
               men
               ,
               like
               to
               Plinies
               Barbarians
               ,
               have
               not
               
               yet
               so
               much
               wit
               as
               to
               make
               Cheese
               of
               Milk
               ;
               and
               our
               
               Welshmen
               want
               cunnning
               to
               make
               it
               well
               .
               French
               Cheese
               in
               Plinies
               time
               tasted
               like
               a
               medicine
               ;
               but
               
               now
               the
               Angelots
               of
               Normandy
               are
               counted
               restorative
               ;
               which
               many
               of
               our
               Gentlewomen
               (
               and
               especially
               a
               Niece
               of
               mine
               own
               )
               have
               so
               well
               counterfeited
               ,
               that
               they
               excell
               their
               first
               pattern
               .
               Spain
               hath
               forgotten
               the
               art
               of
               Cheese
               making
               ;
               and
               Portugal
               makes
               them
               but
               indifferently
               well
               ,
               though
               sometimes
               the
               best
               
               in
               the
               world
               were
               made
               at
               Cuna
               ,
               near
               to
               
                 Cape
                 Vincent
              
               ,
               where
               they
               also
               made
               Cheeses
               of
               1000
               l.
               weight
               apiece
               .
            
          
           
             As
             for
             our
             Country
             Cheeses
             ,
             Banbury
             and
             Cheshire
             yields
             the
             most
             ,
             and
             are
             best
             ;
             to
             which
             the
             Holland
             Cheeses
             might
             be
             justly
             compared
             ,
             if
             their
             makers
             could
             but
             soberly
             put
             in
             salt
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             Butter
             milk
             and
             Whey
             ,
             I
             leave
             them
             to
             my
             Treatise
             of
             drinks
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             of
             a
             thinner
             substance
             ,
             than
             that
             conveniently
             and
             properly
             they
             may
             be
             numbred
             and
             accounted
             amongst
             Meats
             .
             Now
             a
             word
             or
             two
             of
             Eggs
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             our
             variable
             and
             no
             less
             profitable
             Discourse
             of
             Fishes
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XVI
           .
        
         
           Of
           EGGS
           and
           BLOVD
           .
        
         
           
           AS
           the
           Oonians
           live
           only
           of
           Eggs
           and
           Oatmeal
           ,
           so
           the
           Aegyptians
           for
           a
           great
           while
           durst
           not
           eat
           Eggs
           ,
           
           because
           they
           are
           unperfect
           or
           liquid
           flesh
           ;
           neither
           did
           they
           eat
           a
           long
           time
           any
           Milk
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           but
           discoloured
           bloud
           :
           Certain
           Grecians
           abstained
           from
           them
           ,
           
           because
           they
           resemble
           a
           little
           world
           ;
           for
           the
           shell
           of
           them
           is
           like
           the
           earth
           ,
           cold
           and
           dry
           ;
           the
           white
           is
           like
           to
           water
           ,
           cold
           and
           moist
           ;
           the
           fome
           or
           froth
           in
           the
           white
           ,
           resembleth
           aire
           ,
           which
           is
           warm
           and
           moist
           ;
           the
           yolk
           agreeth
           with
           the
           fire
           ,
           which
           is
           hot
           and
           dry
           .
           But
           to
           omit
           such
           frivolous
           reasons
           ,
           let
           us
           not
           doubt
           but
           an
           Egg
           is
           a
           lawfull
           and
           wholsom
           meat
           ,
           tempered
           so
           excellently
           well
           by
           nature
           it self
           ,
           that
           it
           must
           needs
           be
           accounted
           one
           of
           the
           best
           nourishments
           ,
           being
           eaten
           white
           and
           all
           ;
           For
           they
           which
           eat
           only
           the
           yolk
           (
           as
           many
           do
           in
           a
           conceit
           to
           nourish
           more
           plentifully
           )
           fall
           into
           many
           hot
           and
           dangerous
           diseases
           ,
           unless
           they
           have
           a
           very
           cold
           liver
           ,
           and
           
           watrish
           bloud
           .
           Contrariwise
           the
           whites
           of
           Eggs
           are
           so
           cold
           ,
           that
           spongy
           wood
           being
           thoroughly
           overlaid
           with
           them
           ,
           will
           hardly
           ,
           or
           not
           at
           all
           be
           burnt
           in
           a
           glowing
           fire
           .
           Both
           being
           taken
           together
           ,
           do
           so
           qualifie
           one
           another
           ,
           that
           generally
           they
           agree
           with
           all
           stomacks
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           least
           offend
           none
           ,
           if
           we
           chuse
           them
           that
           be
           best
           ,
           and
           prepare
           them
           well
           after
           they
           be
           chosen
           .
           Now
           all
           Eggs
           being
           potential
           creatures
           ,
           no
           doubt
           but
           they
           are
           of
           like
           substance
           and
           temper
           with
           that
           which
           in
           time
           they
           shall
           be
           made
           .
           Wherefore
           as
           the
           flesh
           of
           Pheasants
           ,
           Partridges
           ,
           
           and
           Hens
           be
           of
           best
           juice
           ,
           temper
           ,
           quality
           ,
           nourishment
           and
           digestion
           ,
           so
           likewise
           their
           Eggs
           are
           wholsomest
           of
           all
           others
           .
           Contrariwise
           ,
           as
           the
           Greek
           Proverb
           saith
           ,
           
             Like
             Crow
             ,
             like
             Egg.
          
           Neither
           can
           we
           imagine
           how
           any
           Egg
           should
           be
           wholsom
           ,
           proceeding
           from
           an
           unwholsom
           or
           distempered
           creature
           .
           Wherefore
           we
           condemn
           (
           in
           the
           way
           of
           comparison
           )
           all
           Eggs
           of
           Turkies
           ,
           Peacocks
           ,
           Geese
           ,
           Ducks
           ,
           and
           all
           water-fowl
           ,
           preferring
           Hens
           Eggs
           before
           all
           other
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           a
           most
           usual
           ,
           familiar
           ,
           and
           temperate
           meat
           .
        
         
           
             What
             kind
             of
             Eggs
             be
             best
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             choice
             of
             good
             Eggs
             observe
             these
             lessons
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             That
             they
             be
             rather
             Pullets
             Eggs
             then
             laid
             by
             an
             old
             Hen.
             
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             That
             they
             be
             not
             self-begotten
             ,
             but
             gotten
             by
             the
             Cock
             upon
             the
             Hen.
             
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             That
             they
             be
             new
             ,
             white
             ,
             and
             long
             :
             For
             such
             Eggs
             nourish
             plentifully
             and
             quickly
             ,
             clear
             the
             
             voice
             and
             breast
             ,
             strengthen
             the
             stomack
             ,
             recover
             men
             out
             of
             consumptions
             ,
             and
             encrease
             nature
             so
             much
             ,
             that
             in
             continuance
             of
             time
             they
             make
             us
             wantons
             .
             They
             nourish
             quickly
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             nothing
             but
             liquid
             flesh
             :
             
             They
             nourish
             much
             ,
             because
             their
             heat
             and
             moisture
             is
             proportionable
             unto
             ours
             :
             They
             are
             wholsomest
             in
             the
             morning
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             then
             newest
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             winter
             ,
             because
             Hens
             are
             then
             fattest
             ,
             strongest
             ,
             and
             best
             relished
             ;
             they
             are
             worst
             in
             summer
             ,
             because
             Hens
             feed
             then
             upon
             flies
             ,
             snails
             ,
             cadlocks
             ,
             and
             many
             ill
             weeds
             ,
             which
             rather
             scoures
             then
             nourishes
             their
             bodies
             :
             They
             are
             best
             being
             eaten
             alone
             ,
             because
             being
             mingled
             with
             orher
             meat
             ,
             they
             corrupt
             in
             the
             stomack
             ,
             filling
             many
             mens
             faces
             full
             of
             pimples
             ,
             morphues
             ,
             and
             freckles
             .
             They
             are
             ill
             for
             young
             children
             (
             especially
             being
             often
             eaten
             )
             for
             that
             their
             hot
             bodies
             turn
             them
             into
             over-hot
             
             nourishment
             ,
             whence
             itch
             ,
             scabs
             ,
             inflammations
             ,
             and
             corruptions
             do
             arise
             .
             They
             are
             also
             as
             bad
             for
             old
             men
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             hardly
             digested
             of
             a
             cold
             stomack
             ;
             fittest
             they
             are
             for
             temperate
             young
             persons
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             consumed
             without
             any
             notable
             fever
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             nature
             of
             other
             Birds
             Eggs
             ,
             besides
             Hens
             .
             Epenaetus
             extolleth
             Peacocks
             Eggs
             before
             all
             
             other
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             Eggs
             of
             Berganders
             ,
             and
             lastly
             of
             Phesants
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             and
             Turkies
             ,
             whose
             judgement
             I
             would
             have
             throughly
             confuted
             ,
             had
             not
             daily
             experience
             ,
             and
             
               Antonius
               Gazius
            
             his
             arguments
             done
             it
             already
             .
             And
             verily
             whosoever
             will
             taste
             other
             eggs
             then
             which
             daily
             we
             use
             ,
             shall
             find
             none
             void
             of
             a
             strong
             savour
             and
             bad
             relish
             ,
             saving
             the
             eggs
             of
             Phesants
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             Berganders
             ,
             Ostriches
             ,
             Turkies
             ,
             Ducks
             and
             Geese
             ,
             though
             the
             three
             last
             named
             be
             bad
             enough
             .
             Yet
             if
             Ducks
             eggs
             be
             hatched
             under
             a
             Hen
             ,
             they
             eat
             more
             sweetly
             ,
             and
             Goose
             eggs
             also
             hatched
             under
             them
             ,
             are
             
             thought
             by
             
               Simeon
               Sethi
            
             no
             unwholsom
             meat
             .
             Pigeons
             eggs
             are
             exceeding
             hot
             ,
             and
             of
             ill
             taste
             ,
             hardly
             hardning
             by
             long
             seething
             .
             The
             eggs
             of
             Sparrows
             encrease
             lust
             ,
             strengthen
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             nourish
             abundantly
             :
             As
             for
             the
             eggs
             of
             other
             birds
             ,
             great
             and
             small
             ,
             howsoever
             they
             are
             eaten
             (
             as
             Rhasis
             saith
             )
             in
             the
             way
             of
             medicine
             ,
             
             yet
             they
             give
             either
             none
             or
             no
             good
             nourishment
             .
             But
             Hens
             eggs
             are
             so
             temperate
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             that
             Galen
             himself
             in
             certain
             continual
             fevers
             ,
             gave
             them
             usually
             to
             
             his
             Patients
             to
             restore
             spirits
             ,
             :
             and
             not
             without
             reason
             ,
             being
             of
             so
             fine
             a
             substance
             ,
             and
             freed
             in
             a
             manner
             from
             all
             hurtfulness
             ;
             for
             they
             moisten
             us
             in
             fever
             Hecticks
             ,
             they
             nourish
             us
             in
             consumptions
             ,
             they
             strengthen
             us
             in
             fluxes
             ,
             they
             bridle
             sharp
             humors
             when
             they
             gripe
             us
             ,
             restore
             spirits
             in
             weakness
             of
             heart
             ,
             they
             speedily
             pass
             from
             a
             clean
             stomack
             ,
             neither
             are
             they
             forbidden
             in
             a
             
             strait
             and
             thin
             diet
             ,
             did
             they
             not
             nourish
             oversoon
             .
             Gesner
             sheweth
             a
             good
             reason
             ,
             why
             new
             white
             and
             long
             
             eggs
             be
             the
             best
             of
             all
             other
             .
             First
             ,
             because
             new
             eggs
             are
             ever
             full
             ,
             but
             old
             eggs
             lose
             every
             day
             somewhat
             of
             their
             substance
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             waxing
             addle
             stink
             like
             urine
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             were
             called
             of
             the
             Latins
             
               Ova
               urinae
            
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             the
             whitest
             eggs
             have
             the
             palest
             yolks
             ,
             and
             most
             thin
             ,
             fine
             ,
             little
             bloody
             strings
             swiming
             upon
             them
             .
             Thirdly
             ,
             the
             longest
             eggs
             are
             commonly
             cock-eggs
             and
             therefore
             of
             better
             nourishment
             .
             Some
             eggs
             are
             almost
             all
             yolk
             and
             no
             white
             ,
             yea
             some
             have
             two
             yolks
             in
             them
             ,
             others
             have
             in
             a
             manner
             no
             yolk
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             (
             at
             the
             most
             )
             nothing
             proportionable
             :
             the
             former
             sort
             nourish
             most
             ,
             the
             other
             are
             fittest
             for
             hot
             stomacks
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             dressing
             of
             Eggs.
             
          
           
             
               Concerning
               the
               preparation
               of
               them
            
             ,
             a
             rare
             egg
             any
             way
             drest
             is
             lightest
             of
             digestion
             ,
             a
             hard
             egg
             is
             most
             rebellious
             ,
             an
             egg
             betwixt
             both
             is
             of
             strongest
             nourishment
             .
             Brassavola
             reporteth
             a
             Monk
             to
             have
             been
             made
             so
             costiff
             with
             hard
             eggs
             ,
             that
             no
             art
             was
             available
             to
             give
             him
             on
             stool
             .
             Furthermore
             all
             hard
             eggs
             ,
             especially
             hardened
             by
             frying
             ,
             get
             from
             the
             fire
             a
             smoky
             and
             hot
             nature
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             frying-pan
             and
             burnt
             butter
             a
             maligne
             quality
             ,
             not
             onely
             as
             offenssive
             to
             the
             stomack
             as
             rotten
             eggs
             ,
             but
             also
             sending
             up
             bad
             vapours
             to
             the
             brain
             and
             heart
             .
             Eggs
             potcht
             into
             water
             or
             verjuce
             are
             fittest
             for
             hot
             complexions
             ,
             or
             men
             distempered
             with
             agues
             ;
             sodden
             rare
             in
             the
             shell
             they
             are
             soonest
             converted
             into
             blood
             ;
             but
             being
             rare-roasted
             in
             embers
             they
             make
             thickest
             and
             strongest
             blood
             ,
             and
             are
             fittest
             for
             weak
             ,
             cold
             and
             watrish
             stomachs
             .
             Thus
             much
             
             of
             Birds
             eggs
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             little
             quantity
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             are
             called
             of
             Ficinus
             ,
             the
             quintescence
             of
             flesh
             ;
             because
             
             they
             yeild
             so
             speedy
             and
             fine
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             Now
             it
             resteth
             to
             discourse
             something
             of
             Tortesses
             eggs
             ,
             which
             be
             not
             poisonable
             nor
             hurtful
             (
             as
             the
             eggs
             of
             Snakes
             ,
             Lizards
             ,
             and
             Chamaeleons
             )
             but
             very
             fit
             to
             
             nourish
             men
             in
             hot
             agues
             ,
             when
             all
             birds
             eggs
             may
             be
             suspected
             of
             inflaming
             the
             blood
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             of
             a
             more
             flegmatick
             nature
             ,
             tempering
             hot
             humours
             ,
             procuring
             sleep
             to
             the
             watchful
             ,
             moisture
             to
             the
             dryed
             person
             ,
             and
             inspiring
             as
             it
             were
             a
             second
             life
             ,
             to
             such
             as
             seem
             desperately
             consumed
             of
             hot
             fevers
             ▪
             Sir
             
               Wil.
               Pelham
            
             (
             that
             worthy
             &
             valiant
             Knight
             )
             kept
             them
             in
             his
             garden
             at
             the
             Minories
             by
             the
             Tower
             of
             London
             ,
             where
             I
             wondred
             much
             at
             the
             beast
             and
             more
             at
             her
             eggs
             :
             for
             contrary
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             hens
             eggs
             ,
             the
             most
             spotted
             were
             the
             best
             ,
             and
             the
             hardest
             of
             shell
             the
             best
             likewise
             ;
             and
             they
             are
             worst
             when
             they
             are
             newest
             ,
             best
             when
             they
             are
             three
             months
             old
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             as
             touching
             that
             question
             made
             by
             Plutack
             ,
             
             and
             disputed
             of
             him
             more
             wittily
             then
             wisely
             of
             either
             side
             ,
             
               Whether
               the
               Hen
               or
               the
               Egg
               be
               first
               in
               nature
               ,
            
             I
             omit
             it
             as
             a
             foolish
             and
             superfluous
             doubt
             ,
             sith
             common
             sence
             and
             reason
             telleth
             us
             ,
             that
             the
             perfecter
             creatures
             were
             first
             made
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             is
             more
             ancient
             then
             that
             which
             is
             gotten
             of
             the
             whole
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             Blood.
             
          
           
             Blood
             being
             the
             charet-man
             or
             coacher
             of
             life
             ,
             was
             
             expresly
             forbidden
             the
             Israelites
             ,
             though
             it
             were
             but
             the
             blood
             of
             beasts
             ,
             partly
             because
             they
             were
             naturally
             given
             to
             be
             revengeful
             and
             cruel
             hearted
             ,
             partly
             also
             because
             no
             blood
             is
             much
             nourishing
             out
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             albeit
             in
             the
             body
             it
             is
             the
             onely
             matter
             of
             true
             nourishment
             :
             
             Nevertheless
             the
             Laconians
             black
             broth
             ,
             so
             highly
             commended
             of
             Dionysius
             ,
             was
             made
             of
             kidds
             blood
             sodden
             with
             water
             ,
             vinegar
             and
             salt
             ;
             yea
             the
             Bisalta
             of
             
             Scythia
             make
             pottage
             of
             horses
             blood
             &
             milk
             ,
             accounting
             
             it
             their
             best
             and
             strongest
             meat
             .
             Also
             in
             Aegira
             Bulls
             blood
             is
             so
             far
             from
             being
             poisonable
             (
             as
             it
             is
             in
             all
             other
             places
             )
             that
             it
             is
             held
             both
             delicate
             and
             restorative
             ;
             so
             likewise
             is
             the
             blood
             of
             a
             Mare
             that
             was
             never
             covered
             ;
             for
             if
             she
             once
             have
             taken
             horse
             her
             bloud
             is
             dangerous
             .
             Drusus
             the
             Tribune
             purposing
             to
             accuse
             
               Quintus
               Caepio
            
             
             of
             giving
             him
             poison
             ,
             drank
             Goats
             blood
             a
             good
             while
             before
             ,
             whereby
             he
             waxed
             so
             pale
             and
             colourless
             ,
             that
             many
             indeed
             suspected
             him
             to
             have
             been
             poisoned
             by
             Caepio
             :
             whereby
             it
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             bloud
             hath
             been
             a
             very
             ancient
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             not
             lately
             devised
             by
             our
             country
             pudding
             writes
             ,
             or
             curious
             sawce
             makers
             ,
             as
             
               Iason
               Pratensis
            
             and
             other
             foolish
             dietists
             have
             imagined
             .
             Nay
             (
             which
             is
             more
             )
             not
             onely
             the
             blood
             of
             beasts
             hath
             been
             given
             for
             meat
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             blood
             of
             men
             and
             striplings
             hath
             been
             drunk
             for
             a
             restorative
             ;
             yea
             in
             Rome
             (
             the
             seat
             and
             nurse
             of
             all
             inhumanity
             )
             Physicians
             did
             prescribe
             their
             patients
             the
             blood
             of
             Wrestlers
             ,
             causing
             them
             to
             suck
             it
             warm
             breathing
             and
             spinning
             out
             of
             their
             veins
             ,
             drawing
             into
             their
             corrupt
             bodies
             a
             sound
             mans
             life
             ,
             and
             sucking
             that
             in
             with
             both
             lips
             ,
             which
             a
             dogg
             is
             not
             suffered
             to
             lick
             with
             his
             tongue
             ;
             yea
             they
             were
             not
             ashamed
             to
             prescribe
             them
             a
             meat
             made
             of
             mans
             marrow
             and
             infants
             brains
             .
             The
             Grecians
             afterwards
             were
             as
             bold
             and
             impious
             as
             the
             Romans
             ,
             tasting
             of
             every
             inward
             and
             outward
             part
             of
             mans
             body
             ,
             not
             leaving
             the
             nails
             unprosecuted
             .
             But
             of
             all
             other
             I
             wonder
             most
             at
             
               Marsilius
               Ficinus
            
             ,
             a
             most
             famous
             Scholer
             and
             accounted
             
             for
             a
             good
             Catholick
             ,
             who
             hath
             thus
             written
             of
             the
             use
             of
             mans
             blood
             .
             No
             doubt
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             the
             milk
             of
             a
             young
             and
             sound
             woman
             is
             very
             restorative
             for
             old
             men
             ,
             but
             the
             liquor
             of
             mans
             blood
             is
             far
             better
             ;
             which
             old
             women-witches
             knowing
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             they
             get
             young
             
             children
             unto
             them
             ,
             and
             prick
             or
             wound
             them
             ,
             and
             suck
             their
             blood
             to
             preserve
             their
             own
             health
             and
             life
             .
             And
             why
             may
             not
             then
             old
             men
             (
             I
             pray
             you
             )
             for
             a
             need
             ,
             suck
             likewise
             the
             blood
             of
             a
             young
             man
             or
             maid
             ,
             which
             is
             merry
             ,
             lusty
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             willing
             to
             spare
             some
             of
             his
             superfluous
             blood
             for
             another
             mans
             life
             ?
             wherefore
             I
             advise
             them
             to
             suck
             an
             ounce
             or
             two
             of
             blood
             ,
             fasting
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             veine
             of
             the
             left
             arm
             ,
             at
             a
             little
             orifice
             ,
             towards
             the
             full
             of
             the
             moon
             ,
             drinking
             presently
             upon
             it
             some
             wine
             and
             sugar
             ,
             &c.
             
             Which
             though
             he
             protesteth
             himself
             to
             
             have
             uttered
             as
             a
             great
             secret
             (
             though
             the
             Prince
             of
             Abohaly
             writ
             as
             much
             before
             in
             his
             Old-mans
             diet
             )
             and
             to
             be
             as
             lawful
             as
             it
             is
             helpful
             in
             Physicks
             practise
             :
             yet
             by
             his
             leave
             I
             dare
             again
             protest
             and
             prove
             the
             contrary
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             unlawful
             to
             gaze
             upon
             a
             mans
             carcase
             ,
             and
             is
             it
             lawful
             to
             eat
             or
             drink
             his
             blood
             ?
             what
             remedy
             call
             you
             that
             ,
             which
             is
             more
             savage
             and
             abominable
             then
             the
             grief
             it self
             ?
             what
             law
             ,
             what
             reason
             ,
             nay
             what
             conjecture
             found
             out
             this
             canibals
             diet
             ?
             well
             ,
             let
             it
             proceed
             from
             the
             Americans
             and
             Barbarians
             :
             nay
             ,
             from
             the
             Grecians
             ,
             that
             were
             counted
             civil
             .
             Let
             Democritus
             dream
             and
             comment
             ,
             that
             some
             diseases
             are
             best
             cured
             with
             anointing
             the
             blood
             of
             strangers
             and
             malefactors
             ,
             others
             with
             the
             blood
             of
             our
             friends
             and
             kinsfolks
             ;
             let
             Miletus
             cure
             
             sore
             eyes
             with
             mens
             galls
             ;
             Artemon
             the
             falling
             sickness
             with
             dead
             mens
             sculls
             :
             Antheus
             convulsions
             with
             pills
             made
             of
             dead
             mens
             brains
             ;
             Apollonius
             bad
             gums
             with
             dead
             mens
             teeth
             ;
             but
             far
             be
             it
             from
             any
             humane
             or
             Christian
             heart
             (
             brag
             we
             of
             this
             foolish
             invention
             never
             so
             much
             )
             to
             suck
             away
             one
             anothers
             life
             in
             the
             blood
             of
             young
             men
             ,
             wherein
             Charles
             the
             9
             King
             of
             France
             being
             but
             outwardly
             bathed
             for
             his
             leprosie
             ,
             died
             therefore
             and
             for
             other
             his
             cruel
             massacres
             a
             most
             bloody
             death
             :
             wherefore
             let
             us
             content
             our selves
             with
             the
             blood
             of
             
             geese
             ▪
             swans
             ,
             hoggs
             and
             sheep
             in
             our
             sawce
             and
             puddings
             ,
             which
             yet
             are
             but
             a
             gross
             and
             fulsome
             nourishment
             ,
             unless
             they
             meet
             with
             a
             strong
             and
             good
             stomack
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XVII
           .
        
         
           Of
           Fish
           generally
           ,
           and
           the
           difference
           thereof
           .
        
         
           AS
           amongst
           Poets
           there
           is
           some
           called
           the
           Coryphaeus
           ,
           or
           Captain-poet
           ,
           so
           fareth
           it
           likewise
           amongst
           meats
           .
           Some
           prefering
           fruit
           as
           being
           most
           ancient
           ,
           
           cleanly
           ,
           naturall
           ,
           and
           needing
           either
           none
           or
           very
           little
           preparation
           .
           Others
           extoll
           flesh
           ,
           as
           most
           sutable
           to
           fleshy
           creatures
           ,
           and
           giving
           most
           and
           best
           nourishment
           .
           But
           the
           finest
           feeders
           and
           dainty
           bellies
           did
           not
           delight
           
           in
           flesh
           with
           Hercules
           ,
           or
           in
           fruit
           with
           Plato
           and
           Arcesilaus
           ,
           but
           with
           Numa
           and
           Philocrates
           in
           variety
           of
           fish
           ;
           which
           Numa
           made
           a
           law
           ,
           that
           no
           fish
           without
           scales
           nor
           without
           finns
           should
           be
           eaten
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           whereupon
           I
           may
           justly
           collect
           and
           gather
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           not
           ignorant
           of
           Moses
           law
           .
           Also
           (
           according
           to
           the
           vain
           dream
           of
           
           Gregory
           the
           great
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           author
           of
           the
           Carthusian
           order
           )
           he
           put
           more
           holines
           in
           fish
           then
           in
           flesh
           ,
           falsly
           imagining
           flesh
           to
           be
           a
           greater
           motive
           to
           lust
           and
           lasciviousness
           ,
           then
           the
           use
           of
           fish
           ;
           which
           frivolous
           conceit
           is
           before
           sufficiently
           confuted
           in
           the
           seventh
           Chapter
           ,
           and
           needeth
           not
           to
           be
           shaken
           again
           in
           this
           place
           .
           Now
           I
           will
           not
           deny
           ,
           that
           fish
           is
           a
           wholesome
           meat
           ,
           if
           such
           fish
           could
           be
           alwaies
           gotten
           as
           may
           sufficiently
           nourish
           the
           body
           ;
           but
           now
           a
           daies
           it
           so
           falleth
           out
           through
           iniquity
           of
           times
           ,
           or
           want
           of
           providence
           ,
           or
           that
           our
           Sea-coast
           and
           Rivers
           are
           more
           barren
           of
           fish
           then
           heretofore
           ;
           
           that
           in
           the
           Spring
           time
           ,
           when
           we
           ought
           to
           feed
           on
           the
           purest
           and
           most
           wholesome
           nourishment
           ,
           our
           blood
           is
           not
           cleansed
           but
           corrupted
           with
           filthy
           fish
           ,
           I
           mean
           saltherrings
           ,
           red-herrings
           ,
           sprats
           ,
           Haberdin
           ,
           and
           greenfish
           :
           which
           are
           not
           amiss
           for
           Sailers
           and
           Ploughmen
           ,
           but
           yet
           most
           hurtful
           and
           dangerous
           for
           other
           persons
           .
           Gatis
           
           Queen
           of
           Syria
           made
           a
           Law
           ,
           that
           no
           meal
           should
           pass
           through
           the
           year
           ,
           without
           fish
           :
           which
           if
           it
           were
           as
           firmly
           made
           and
           executed
           in
           England
           ,
           no
           doubt
           much
           flesh
           would
           be
           spared
           ,
           and
           Navigation
           and
           fisher
           men
           maintained
           through
           the
           land
           :
           neither
           should
           we
           need
           to
           imitate
           Gregory
           the
           Lent-maker
           ,
           perswading
           men
           to
           eat
           only
           fish
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           most
           out
           of
           season
           ,
           most
           hardly
           gotten
           ,
           and
           most
           hurtfull
           to
           the
           bodies
           of
           most
           men
           .
           Also
           in
           high
           Germany
           there
           is
           both
           fish
           and
           flesh
           continually
           set
           upon
           the
           table
           ,
           that
           every
           mans
           appetite
           ,
           humour
           and
           complexion
           ,
           may
           have
           that
           which
           is
           fittest
           for
           it
           :
           in
           which
           Country
           though
           no
           Lent
           be
           observed
           (
           except
           of
           a
           few
           Catholicks
           )
           yet
           is
           there
           abundance
           of
           flesh
           ,
           all
           the
           year
           long
           ,
           restraint
           being
           onely
           made
           in
           Spring
           time
           of
           killing
           that
           which
           is
           young
           .
        
         
           
             Differences
             of
             Fish
             in
             kind
             .
          
           
             
             Concerning
             the
             kinds
             of
             Fishes
             ,
             Pliny
             
               maketh
               a
               hundred
               threescore
               and
               seventeen
               several
               sorts
               of
               them
               ,
               whereof
               some
               being
               never
               seen
               nor
               known
               of
               in
               our
               Country
               ,
               it
               were
               but
               folly
               to
               repeat
               them
               .
               As
               for
               them
               which
               we
               have
               and
               feed
               on
               in
            
             England
             ,
             
               they
               are
               either
               scaled
               ,
               as
            
             Sturgian
             ,
             salmon
             ,
             grailings
             ,
             shuins
             ,
             carps
             ,
             breams
             ,
             base
             ,
             mullet
             ,
             barbel
             ,
             pike
             ,
             luce
             ,
             perch
             ,
             ruffs
             ,
             herrings
             ,
             sprats
             ,
             pilchers
             ,
             roch
             ,
             shads
             ,
             dorry
             ,
             gudgin
             ,
             and
             umbers
             ;
             
               or
               shell'd
               ,
               as
            
             scallopes
             ,
             oisters
             ,
             mustles
             ,
             cockles
             ,
             periwinckles
             ;
             
               or
               crusted
               over
               ,
               as
            
             crabs
             ,
             lobsters
             ,
             crevisses
             ,
             shrimps
             ;
             
               or
               neither
               scalld
               ,
               shell'd
               ,
               nor
               crusted
               :
               as
            
             Tunny
             ,
             ling
             ,
             cod
             ,
             hake
             ,
             haberdine
             ,
             haddock
             ,
             seal
             ,
             conger
             ,
             lampreyes
             ,
             
             lamperns
             ,
             eeles
             ,
             plaise
             ,
             turbut
             ,
             flounder
             ,
             skate
             ,
             thorneback
             ,
             maides
             ,
             sole
             ,
             curs
             ,
             gildpoles
             ,
             smelts
             ,
             cuttles
             ,
             sleeves
             ,
             pouts
             ,
             dogfish
             ,
             poulps
             ,
             yards
             ,
             mackrels
             ,
             troutes
             ,
             tenches
             ,
             cooks
             ,
             whitings
             ,
             gournards
             ,
             and
             rochets
             :
             
               To
               which
               also
               we
               may
               add
               ,
            
             Sticklebacks
             and
             minoes
             ,
             and
             spirlings
             ,
             and
             anchovaes
             ,
             
               because
               they
               are
               also
               neither
               scaled
               ,
               crusted
               ,
               nor
               defended
               with
               shells
               .
            
          
           
             
               As
               for
               the
               goodness
               or
               badness
               of
               fish
               ,
            
             it
             is
             lessened
             or
             encreased
             upon
             three
             causes
             ;
             the
             place
             they
             live
             ,
             in
             the
             meat
             they
             feed
             on
             ,
             and
             their
             manner
             of
             dressing
             or
             preparation
             .
             Concerning
             the
             first
             ,
             some
             live
             in
             the
             Sea
             ,
             some
             in
             Rivers
             ,
             some
             in
             Ponds
             ,
             some
             in
             Fenny
             creeks
             and
             meers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Difference
             of
             Fish
             in
             respect
             of
             place
             .
          
           
             Sea-fish
             as
             it
             is
             of
             all
             other
             the
             sweetest
             ,
             so
             likewise
             the
             least
             hurtfull
             ;
             for
             albeit
             they
             are
             of
             a
             thicker
             and
             more
             fleshy
             substance
             ,
             yet
             their
             flesh
             is
             most
             light
             and
             easie
             of
             concoction
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             Zeno
             and
             Crato
             (
             two
             notable
             Physians
             in
             Plutarcks
             time
             )
             commended
             them
             
             above
             all
             other
             to
             their
             sick
             patients
             ,
             and
             not
             without
             desert
             ;
             for
             as
             the
             Sea-aire
             is
             purest
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             most
             tossed
             and
             purified
             with
             winds
             ,
             so
             the
             water
             thereof
             is
             most
             laboured
             ,
             and
             nourisheth
             for
             us
             the
             wholesomest
             and
             lightest
             meat
             ;
             lightest
             ,
             because
             continual
             exercise
             consumeth
             the
             Sea-fishes
             superfluities
             ;
             wholesomest
             ,
             because
             the
             salt
             water
             (
             like
             to
             buck-lye
             )
             washeth
             away
             their
             inward
             filth
             and
             uncleaness
             .
             Of
             Sea
             fish
             those
             are
             best
             ,
             which
             live
             not
             in
             a
             calm
             and
             muddy
             Sea
             ,
             tossed
             neither
             with
             tides
             nor
             windes
             ;
             for
             there
             they
             
             wax
             nought
             for
             want
             of
             exercise
             ;
             but
             they
             which
             live
             in
             a
             working
             Sea
             ,
             whose
             next
             continent
             is
             clean
             ,
             gravelly
             ,
             sandy
             ,
             or
             rocky
             ,
             running
             towards
             the
             North-east
             wind
             ,
             must
             needs
             be
             of
             a
             pure
             and
             wholesome
             nourishment
             ,
             less
             moist
             and
             clammy
             then
             the
             others
             ,
             easier
             also
             
             of
             concoction
             ,
             sooner
             turn'd
             into
             blood
             ,
             and
             every
             way
             fitter
             for
             mans
             body
             .
             This
             is
             the
             cause
             why
             the
             Oritae
             
             and
             Northern-people
             live
             as
             wel
             with
             fish
             alone
             ,
             as
             we
             do
             here
             with
             such
             variety
             of
             flesh
             ;
             even
             I
             say
             the
             goodness
             ,
             lightness
             ,
             and
             wholesomness
             of
             their
             fish
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             brought
             unto
             us
             till
             it
             be
             either
             so
             stincking
             or
             salt
             ,
             that
             all
             their
             goodness
             is
             gone
             or
             dryed
             up
             .
          
           
             River-Fish
             likewise
             are
             most
             wholesome
             and
             light
             ,
             when
             they
             swim
             in
             rocky
             ,
             sandy
             ,
             or
             gravel'd
             Rivers
             ,
             runing
             Northward
             or
             Eastward
             ,
             and
             the
             higher
             they
             swim
             up
             ,
             the
             better
             they
             are
             :
             Contrariwise
             ,
             those
             which
             abide
             in
             slow
             ,
             short
             ,
             and
             muddy
             Rivers
             ,
             are
             not
             onely
             of
             an
             excremental
             and
             corrupt
             juice
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             a
             bad
             smell
             and
             ill
             taste
             .
          
           
             Pond-fish
             is
             soon
             fatted
             through
             abundance
             of
             meat
             and
             want
             of
             exercise
             ;
             but
             they
             are
             nothing
             so
             sweet
             as
             River-fish
             ,
             unless
             they
             have
             been
             kept
             in
             some
             River
             to
             scoure
             themselves
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             live
             in
             little
             standing
             ponds
             ,
             not
             fed
             with
             continual
             springs
             ,
             nor
             refreshed
             from
             some
             River
             or
             Sea
             with
             fresh
             water
             .
          
           
             Fenny-fish
             of
             all
             other
             is
             most
             slimy
             ,
             excremental
             ,
             unsavory
             ,
             last
             digested
             ,
             and
             soonest
             corrupted
             ;
             having
             neither
             free
             aire
             ,
             nor
             sweet
             water
             ,
             nor
             good
             food
             to
             help
             or
             better
             themselves
             ;
             such
             are
             the
             fish
             of
             that
             lake
             in
             
             Armenia
             ,
             where
             all
             the
             fish
             be
             black
             and
             deadly
             :
             and
             albeit
             our
             English
             meers
             be
             not
             so
             bad
             ,
             yet
             verily
             their
             fish
             is
             bad
             enough
             ,
             especially
             to
             stomachs
             of
             other
             Conntries
             ,
             unacquainted
             with
             such
             muddy
             and
             unwholsome
             meats
             .
          
        
         
           
             Differences
             of
             Fish
             in
             respect
             of
             their
             feeding
             .
          
           
             
               Concerning
               the
               meats
               which
               fishes
               feed
               on
            
             ;
             some
             feed
             
             upon
             salt
             and
             saltish
             mud
             (
             as
             neer
             Leptis
             in
             Africa
             ,
             and
             in
             Eubaea
             ,
             and
             about
             Dyrrhachium
             )
             which
             maketh
             their
             flesh
             as
             salt
             as
             brine
             ,
             and
             altogether
             unwholesome
             for
             
             most
             stomacks
             :
             Others
             upon
             bitter
             weeds
             and
             roots
             ,
             which
             maketh
             them
             as
             bitter
             as
             gall
             ,
             of
             which
             though
             we
             have
             none
             in
             our
             Seas
             or
             Rivers
             ,
             yet
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             
             of
             Pene
             and
             Clazomene
             they
             are
             very
             common
             :
             Also
             (
             if
             Pliny
             may
             be
             credited
             )
             about
             
               Cephalenia
               ,
               Anipelos
               ,
               Paros
            
             and
             the
             Delian
             rocks
             ,
             fish
             are
             not
             only
             of
             a
             sweet
             taste
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             an
             aromatical
             smell
             :
             whether
             it
             is
             by
             eating
             of
             sweet
             roots
             ,
             or
             devouring
             of
             amber
             and
             ambre-grice
             .
             Some
             also
             feed
             and
             fat
             themselves
             neer
             to
             the
             common-sewers
             ,
             sincks
             ,
             chanels
             and
             draughts
             of
             great
             Cities
             ;
             whose
             chiefest
             meat
             is
             either
             carrion
             or
             dung
             ;
             whereas
             indeed
             the
             proper
             meat
             for
             fish
             ,
             is
             either
             flies
             ,
             frogs
             ,
             grashoppers
             ,
             young
             fry
             and
             spawne
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             certain
             wholsom
             roots
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             and
             weeds
             ,
             growing
             in
             the
             bottom
             or
             sides
             
             of
             Seas
             and
             Rivers
             .
             
               Caesar
               ,
               Crasus
            
             ,
             and
             Curius
             fed
             them
             with
             livers
             and
             flesh
             ;
             so
             also
             did
             the
             Hieropolitans
             in
             Venus
             lake
             .
             In
             Champagny
             they
             fed
             them
             with
             bread
             ;
             yea
             
               Vidius
               Pollio
            
             fed
             them
             with
             his
             condemned
             Slaves
             ,
             
             to
             make
             them
             the
             more
             fat
             and
             pleasant
             in
             taste
             .
             But
             neither
             they
             that
             are
             fed
             with
             men
             ,
             nor
             with
             garbage
             or
             carrion
             nor
             with
             citty-filth
             ,
             nor
             with
             any
             thing
             we
             can
             devise
             ,
             are
             so
             truely
             sweet
             ,
             wholsome
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             as
             they
             which
             in
             good
             Seas
             and
             Rivers
             feed
             themselves
             ,
             enjoying
             both
             the
             benefit
             of
             fresh
             aire
             ,
             agreeable
             water
             ,
             and
             meat
             cor
             respondent
             to
             their
             own
             nature
             .
          
        
         
           
             Difference
             of
             Fish
             in
             respect
             of
             preparation
             .
          
           
             
               Concerning
               their
               difference
               of
               goodness
               in
               preparation
               :
            
             I
             must
             needs
             agree
             with
             Diocles
             ,
             who
             being
             asked
             ,
             
               whether
               were
               the
               better
               fish
               ,
               a
               Pike
               or
               a
               Conger
            
             ;
             That
             
             (
             said
             he
             )
             sodden
             ,
             and
             this
             broild
             ;
             shewing
             us
             thereby
             ,
             that
             all
             flaggy
             ,
             slimy
             ,
             and
             moist
             fish
             ,
             (
             as
             Eeles
             ,
             Congers
             ,
             Lampreys
             ,
             Oisters
             ,
             Cockles
             ,
             Mustles
             ,
             and
             Scallopes
             )
             are
             best
             broild
             ,
             rosted
             ,
             or
             bakt
             ;
             but
             all
             other
             fish
             of
             a
             firm
             substance
             and
             drier
             constitution
             is
             rather
             to
             be
             sodden
             ,
             
             as
             the
             most
             part
             of
             fish
             before
             named
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             we
             are
             to
             consider
             what
             fish
             we
             should
             chiefly
             choose
             ;
             namely
             the
             best
             grown
             ,
             the
             fattest
             ,
             and
             the
             newest
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             to
             chuse
             the
             best
             Fish
             .
          
           
             The
             best
             grown
             ,
             sheweth
             that
             it
             is
             healthy
             and
             hath
             not
             been
             sick
             ,
             which
             made
             Philoxenus
             the
             Poet
             at
             Dionisius
             
             table
             ,
             to
             request
             him
             to
             send
             for
             Aesculapius
             Priest
             to
             cure
             the
             little
             barbles
             that
             were
             served
             in
             at
             the
             lower
             Mess
             ,
             where
             he
             sat
             .
             If
             a
             fish
             be
             fat
             ,
             it
             is
             ever
             young
             :
             if
             it
             be
             new
             it
             is
             ever
             sweet
             ;
             if
             it
             be
             fed
             in
             muddy
             or
             filthy
             water
             ,
             keep
             it
             not
             till
             the
             next
             day
             ,
             for
             it
             soon
             corrupteth
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             taken
             out
             of
             clean
             feeding
             ,
             it
             will
             keep
             the
             longer
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rules
             to
             be
             observed
             in
             the
             eating
             of
             fish
             .
          
           
             Sodden
             fish
             or
             broild
             fish
             ,
             is
             presently
             to
             be
             eaten
             hot
             ;
             for
             being
             kept
             cold
             after
             it
             but
             one
             day
             (
             unless
             it
             be
             covered
             with
             wine
             pickle
             or
             vinegar
             )
             it
             is
             corrupted
             by
             the
             aire
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             sometimes
             (
             like
             to
             poison-full
             mushroms
             )
             it
             strangleth
             the
             eaters
             :
             also
             fish
             coming
             out
             of
             a
             pan
             is
             not
             to
             be
             covered
             with
             a
             platter
             ,
             lest
             the
             vapour
             congeled
             in
             the
             platter
             drop
             down
             again
             upon
             the
             fish
             ;
             whereby
             that
             fish
             which
             might
             else
             have
             nourished
             :
             will
             either
             cause
             vomiting
             or
             scouring
             ,
             or
             else
             corrupt
             within
             the
             veins
             .
          
           
             Finally
             ,
             whosoever
             intendeth
             to
             eat
             a
             fish
             dinner
             ,
             let
             him
             not
             heat
             his
             body
             first
             with
             exercise
             ,
             least
             the
             juice
             of
             his
             meat
             (
             being
             too
             soon
             drawn
             by
             the
             liver
             )
             corrupt
             the
             whole
             mass
             of
             blood
             ;
             and
             let
             no
             fish
             be
             sodden
             or
             eaten
             without
             salt
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             wine
             ,
             onions
             ,
             or
             hot
             spices
             ;
             for
             all
             fish
             (
             compared
             with
             flesh
             )
             is
             cold
             and
             moist
             ,
             of
             little
             nourishment
             ,
             engendring
             watrish
             and
             thinn
             blood
             .
             And
             if
             any
             shall
             think
             that
             because
             Crabs
             ,
             Skate
             ,
             Cockles
             ,
             and
             Oisters
             procure
             lust
             ,
             therefore
             they
             are
             likewise
             
             of
             great
             nourishment
             .
             The
             argument
             is
             denied
             ;
             for
             though
             they
             blow
             up
             the
             body
             with
             wine
             ,
             and
             make
             good
             store
             of
             sharp
             nature
             ,
             which
             tickleth
             and
             inciteth
             us
             to
             venery
             ;
             yet
             that
             seed
             is
             unfruitful
             ,
             and
             that
             lust
             wanteth
             sufficiency
             ,
             because
             it
             cometh
             not
             from
             plenty
             of
             natural
             seed
             ,
             but
             from
             an
             itching
             quality
             of
             that
             which
             is
             unnatural
             .
             Thus
             much
             generally
             of
             fish
             ,
             in
             the
             way
             of
             a
             Preface
             ;
             now
             let
             us
             speak
             particularly
             of
             every
             fish
             eaten
             ,
             or
             taken
             by
             us
             in
             this
             Island
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XVIII
           .
        
         
           Of
           SEA-FISH
           .
        
         
           SEa-fish
           ,
           may
           be
           called
           that
           sort
           of
           fish
           ,
           which
           chiefly
           liveth
           ,
           feedeth
           ,
           breedeth
           ,
           and
           is
           taken
           in
           salt
           water
           ;
           of
           which
           I
           will
           write
           according
           to
           the
           letters
           of
           the
           Alphabet
           ,
           that
           every
           man
           may
           readily
           find
           out
           the
           fishes
           name
           ,
           whose
           nature
           or
           goodness
           he
           desires
           to
           know
           of
           .
        
         
           
             Encrasicholi
             .
          
           
             
             Anchovaes
             are
             but
             the
             Sea
             ▪
             minoes
             of
             Provence
             and
             Sardinia
             ;
             which
             being
             poudred
             with
             salt
             ,
             wine-vinegar
             and
             origanum
             ,
             and
             so
             put
             up
             into
             little
             barrels
             ,
             are
             carried
             into
             all
             Greece
             ,
             and
             there
             esteemed
             for
             a
             most
             dainty
             meat
             .
             It
             seemeth
             that
             the
             people
             of
             those
             hot
             Countries
             are
             very
             often
             distempered
             and
             distasted
             of
             their
             meat
             ;
             wherefore
             to
             recover
             their
             appetite
             they
             feed
             upon
             Anchovaes
             ,
             or
             rather
             taste
             one
             or
             two
             of
             them
             ;
             whereby
             not
             onely
             to
             them
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             us
             appetite
             is
             restored
             :
             I
             could
             wish
             that
             the
             old
             manner
             of
             barrelling
             
             them
             up
             with
             origanum
             ,
             salt
             and
             and
             wine-vinegar
             were
             observed
             ;
             but
             now
             they
             taste
             onely
             of
             salt
             ,
             and
             are
             nothing
             so
             pleasant
             as
             they
             were
             wont
             to
             be
             :
             They
             are
             fittest
             for
             stomachs
             oppressed
             with
             fleam
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             cut
             ,
             ripen
             ,
             and
             digest
             it
             ,
             and
             warm
             the
             stomack
             exceeding
             well
             ;
             they
             are
             of
             little
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             light
             enough
             if
             they
             were
             not
             so
             over-salted
             ;
             they
             are
             best
             drest
             with
             oil
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             dryed
             origanum
             ,
             and
             they
             must
             be
             freed
             from
             their
             outward
             skin
             &
             the
             ridge-bone
             &
             be
             washt
             in
             wine
             ,
             before
             they
             be
             laid
             in
             the
             dish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Variatae
             .
             Alburni
             marini
             .
          
           
             
             Bleaks
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             or
             Sea-bleaks
             ,
             called
             of
             Dr
             
               Cajus
               Variatae
            
             ,
             or
             Sea-cameleons
             (
             because
             they
             are
             never
             of
             one
             colour
             ,
             but
             change
             with
             every
             light
             and
             object
             ,
             like
             to
             changeable
             silk
             )
             are
             as
             sound
             ,
             firm
             and
             wholesome
             as
             any
             Carp
             ;
             there
             be
             great
             plenty
             of
             them
             in
             our
             Southern
             Seas
             ,
             betwixt
             Rye
             and
             Exceter
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             best
             sodden
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             so
             fine
             and
             so
             firm
             a
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Abramides
             marinae
             .
          
           
             Breams
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             be
             of
             a
             white
             and
             solid
             substance
             ,
             good
             juice
             ,
             most
             easie
             digestion
             and
             good
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Piscis
             Capellanus
             .
             Asellus
             medius
             .
          
           
             
             Cod-fish
             is
             a
             great
             Sea-whiting
             ,
             called
             also
             a
             Keeling
             or
             Melwel
             ;
             of
             a
             tender
             flesh
             but
             not
             fully
             so
             dry
             and
             firm
             as
             the
             Whiting
             is
             :
             Cods
             have
             a
             bladder
             in
             them
             full
             of
             eggs
             or
             spawne
             ,
             which
             the
             Northern
             men
             call
             the
             kelk
             ,
             and
             esteem
             it
             a
             very
             dainty
             meat
             ;
             they
             have
             also
             a
             thick
             and
             gluish
             substance
             at
             the
             end
             of
             their
             stomach
             called
             a
             sowne
             ,
             more
             pleasant
             in
             eating
             then
             good
             of
             nourishment
             ;
             for
             the
             toughest
             fish-glue
             is
             made
             of
             that
             .
             Of
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             fresh
             Cod
             ,
             the
             head
             ,
             lips
             ,
             and
             palate
             is
             preferred
             ,
             being
             a
             very
             light
             though
             a
             slimy
             meat
          
        
         
           
             Pectines
             .
             Pectunculi
             .
          
           
             Cocks
             and
             Cockles
             are
             commended
             by
             Scribonius
             
             Largus
             ,
             for
             strengthening
             the
             stomack
             .
             Pliny
             saith
             they
             
             encrease
             flesh
             ,
             but
             certain
             it
             is
             that
             they
             encrease
             lust
             ;
             for
             they
             themselves
             are
             so
             hot
             of
             nature
             ,
             that
             they
             leap
             and
             fly
             above
             water
             like
             an
             arrow
             ,
             in
             the
             sommer
             nights
             
             to
             be
             cooled
             by
             the
             air
             ,
             
               Alexander
               Benedictus
            
             reporteth
             ,
             that
             some
             with
             eating
             too
             many
             Cockles
             have
             become
             stark
             fools
             .
             Their
             broth
             loosneth
             the
             body
             ,
             but
             their
             flesh
             staies
             it
             .
             Galen
             commends
             them
             for
             a
             good
             
             meat
             ,
             but
             dangerous
             to
             them
             that
             are
             subject
             to
             the
             stone
             or
             falling
             sickness
             .
             The
             best
             Cockles
             keep
             in
             sandy
             seas
             ,
             which
             maketh
             the
             Purbeck
             and
             Selsey
             Cockles
             so
             highly
             esteemed
             ;
             they
             are
             best
             in
             the
             month
             of
             May
             ,
             for
             then
             are
             they
             fullest
             ,
             lustiest
             ,
             and
             cleanest
             of
             gravel
             .
             To
             avoid
             their
             gravel
             ,
             keep
             them
             in
             salt
             water
             or
             brine
             a
             whole
             day
             before
             you
             eat
             them
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             shift
             them
             into
             fresh
             water
             or
             brine
             when
             the
             tide
             is
             comming
             ,
             they
             will
             open
             themselves
             ,
             and
             spue
             out
             all
             their
             gravel
             and
             filthiness
             .
             Chuse
             the
             greatest
             and
             the
             whitest
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             of
             al
             shell
             fish
             ,
             they
             are
             best
             broild
             in
             a
             frying
             pan
             ,
             neither
             are
             they
             ill
             being
             sod
             in
             water
             with
             salt
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             parsly
             ,
             dried
             mints
             ,
             and
             cinamon
             ,
             after
             the
             French
             fashion
             .
          
        
         
           
             Conger
             .
          
           
             Conger
             is
             nothing
             but
             a
             sea-eele
             of
             a
             white
             sweet
             and
             fatty
             flesh
             :
             little
             Congers
             are
             taken
             in
             great
             plenty
             in
             the
             Severn
             ,
             betwixt
             Glocester
             and
             Tewkesbury
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             ones
             keep
             onely
             in
             the
             salt
             seas
             ,
             which
             are
             whiter-flesht
             ,
             and
             more
             tender
             ;
             they
             feed
             (
             as
             eels
             do
             )
             upon
             fat
             waters
             at
             the
             mouths
             of
             rivers
             running
             into
             the
             sea
             :
             they
             are
             hard
             of
             digestion
             for
             most
             stomacks
             ,
             engendring
             chollicks
             if
             they
             be
             eaten
             cold
             ,
             &
             leprosies
             if
             they
             be
             eaten
             hot
             after
             their
             seething
             .
             Philemon
             the
             Comical
             Poet
             seeing
             a
             Conger
             
             seething
             in
             a
             Cooks-shop
             for
             divers
             young
             Gentlemen
             ,
             that
             bespake
             it
             to
             dinner
             ,
             suddenly
             snacht
             away
             the
             
             pan
             wherein
             it
             boiled
             ,
             and
             ran
             away
             with
             it
             ,
             the
             Gentlemen
             followed
             and
             catcht
             at
             him
             like
             a
             number
             of
             Chickens
             ;
             whom
             he
             had
             crossed
             ,
             and
             turned
             ,
             and
             mocked
             
             for
             a
             great
             while
             ,
             till
             having
             sported
             himself
             enough
             ,
             he
             flang
             down
             pan
             and
             all
             with
             these
             words
             :
             
               O
               humane
               folly
               !
               how
               do
               fooles
               long
               for
               unwholsome
               meats
               ?
            
             for
             he
             thought
             Conger
             to
             be
             bad
             enough
             of
             its
             owne
             nature
             ,
             but
             far
             worse
             if
             it
             were
             eaten
             hot
             out
             of
             the
             pan
             .
             In
             England
             we
             do
             not
             amiss
             first
             to
             boil
             it
             tender
             in
             water
             with
             salt
             ,
             time
             ,
             parsly
             ,
             baies
             ,
             and
             hot
             herbs
             ,
             then
             to
             lay
             it
             covered
             in
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             broil
             it
             ;
             for
             so
             is
             it
             a
             meetly
             good
             nourishment
             in
             Sommer
             ,
             for
             hot
             stomachs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Merula
             .
          
           
             The
             Cook-fish
             ,
             is
             so
             called
             of
             the
             seamen
             ,
             because
             he
             so
             pleasantly
             tasteth
             when
             he
             is
             well
             sod
             ,
             as
             though
             he
             had
             seasoned
             himself
             with
             salt
             and
             spices
             .
             They
             are
             very
             rare
             ,
             but
             tender
             and
             light
             of
             nourishment
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             never
             seen
             of
             them
             past
             one
             at
             once
             ,
             which
             caused
             the
             Latins
             to
             call
             them
             Merulas
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             the
             Solitarians
             or
             Hermits
             or
             Blackbirds
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
        
         
           
             Cancri
             marini
             .
          
           
             Crabs
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             be
             of
             divers
             sorts
             ;
             some
             smoothcrusted
             ,
             and
             some
             rough-casted
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             prickles
             ,
             called
             Echinometrae
             :
             The
             first
             sort
             hath
             the
             two
             formost
             clawes
             very
             big
             and
             long
             ,
             the
             other
             wanteth
             them
             ;
             wherefore
             as
             they
             go
             side
             wi●e
             ,
             so
             these
             move
             not
             themselves
             but
             round
             about
             like
             a
             spiral
             line
             :
             the
             first
             sort
             are
             also
             very
             big
             ,
             or
             never
             growing
             to
             be
             of
             any
             reasonable
             sise
             .
             The
             great
             ones
             are
             called
             Paguri
             ,
             whereof
             some
             weigh
             10
             l.
             weight
             ;
             furthermore
             one
             sort
             of
             the
             great
             ones
             (
             which
             is
             the
             best
             of
             all
             )
             goeth
             so
             fast
             upon
             the
             shore
             ,
             that
             the
             Grecians
             have
             termed
             them
             Hippeis
             ,
             or
             light
             horsemen
             .
             The
             little
             sort
             of
             Crabs
             is
             softer
             shelld
             (
             called
             Pinnotheres
             )
             whose
             weakness
             is
             defended
             with
             abundance
             of
             wit
             ;
             for
             whilst
             he
             is
             little
             ,
             he
             hides
             himself
             in
             a
             little
             Oister
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             groweth
             bigger
             
             (
             yet
             is
             he
             never
             so
             bigg
             as
             our
             common
             crabb
             )
             he
             conveyeth
             himself
             into
             a
             bigger
             Oister
             ;
             of
             all
             sea-crabbs
             this
             is
             the
             lightest
             and
             wholesomest
             ,
             next
             unto
             them
             are
             our
             ordinary
             crabs
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             harder
             of
             digestion
             ;
             both
             of
             them
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             are
             highly
             commended
             ,
             in
             consumptions
             of
             lungs
             and
             spittings
             up
             of
             blood
             ,
             not
             onely
             by
             
               Dioscorides
               ,
               Pliny
            
             ,
             and
             Avicen
             ,
             but
             also
             by
             all
             writers
             ,
             especially
             if
             Asses
             milk
             be
             drunk
             with
             them
             .
          
           
             
               As
               for
               their
               manner
               of
               preparation
               ,
            
             their
             vents
             are
             first
             to
             be
             stopped
             with
             a
             sticks
             end
             ,
             and
             then
             they
             are
             to
             be
             sodden
             in
             water
             for
             such
             as
             are
             costiff
             ,
             or
             in
             wine
             for
             them
             which
             are
             loose
             bellied
             ;
             some
             seeth
             them
             in
             vinegar
             ,
             water
             ,
             and
             salt
             ;
             but
             Galen
             saith
             that
             then
             they
             
             are
             best
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             sod
             in
             that
             water
             out
             of
             which
             they
             were
             taken
             ;
             the
             fuller
             of
             eggs
             the
             better
             they
             are
             ,
             for
             the
             female
             is
             preferred
             .
             Our
             great
             sea-crabbs
             (
             either
             of
             the
             smooth
             or
             rough
             kind
             )
             full
             of
             a
             yellowish
             red
             and
             strong
             pulp
             ,
             lushish
             in
             taste
             ,
             and
             bought
             deerly
             ,
             are
             of
             a
             very
             hard
             digestion
             ,
             except
             they
             light
             upon
             a
             very
             strong
             stomach
             .
             They
             also
             over-heat
             and
             enflame
             the
             body
             ,
             whereas
             contrariwise
             the
             lesser
             sort
             do
             cool
             and
             moisten
             it
             .
             The
             broth
             of
             all
             of
             them
             consume
             the
             stone
             ,
             and
             cureth
             Quartains
             being
             drunk
             every
             morning
             fasting
             they
             are
             best
             in
             season
             in
             the
             spring
             and
             fall
             ,
             as
             also
             at
             the
             full
             of
             the
             moon
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cuculi
             marini
             .
          
           
             Currs
             are
             supposed
             by
             Dr
             Cajus
             to
             be
             all
             one
             with
             our
             Gurnard
             ;
             but
             it
             somewhat
             differeth
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             very
             firm
             ,
             whitish
             ,
             dry
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             flesh
             ;
             they
             are
             best
             sodden
             with
             salt
             ,
             water
             ,
             mace
             ,
             nutmegs
             ,
             parsly
             and
             vinegar
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sepiae
             .
             vel
             Lolligines
             calamariae
             .
          
           
             Cuttles
             (
             called
             also
             sleeves
             for
             their
             shape
             ,
             and
             scribes
             
             for
             their
             incky
             humour
             wherewith
             they
             are
             replenished
             )
             
             are
             commended
             by
             Galen
             for
             great
             nourishers
             ;
             their
             skins
             be
             as
             smooth
             as
             any
             womans
             ,
             but
             their
             flesh
             as
             brawny
             as
             any
             ploughmans
             ,
             therefore
             I
             fear
             me
             Galen
             rather
             commended
             them
             upon
             hear-say
             ,
             then
             upon
             any
             just
             cause
             or
             true
             experience
             ;
             Apicius
             ,
             that
             great
             Master-cook
             ,
             makes
             sawsages
             of
             them
             with
             lard
             and
             other
             things
             ;
             which
             composition
             I
             would
             not
             have
             omitted
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             been
             worth
             the
             penning
             .
          
        
         
           
             Canis
             Cetaceus
             .
          
           
             
             Dog-fish
             is
             strong
             ▪
             hard
             ,
             and
             of
             grose
             and
             bad
             juice
             :
             
             albeit
             Hippocrates
             commends
             it
             in
             Pleuresies
             ,
             and
             also
             in
             the
             skin-dropsie
             or
             Anasarca
             .
             The
             Dorry
             is
             very
             like
             to
             a
             Sea-bream
             ,
             of
             most
             excellent
             taste
             ,
             constitution
             ,
             and
             nourishment
             ,
             being
             either
             backt
             ,
             or
             sodden
             whilst
             it
             is
             alive
             in
             wine
             ,
             water
             ,
             salt
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             pennirial
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mustelae
             .
          
           
             
             Eele-powtes
             are
             best
             in
             April
             ,
             May
             and
             September
             ;
             their
             spawne
             is
             counted
             very
             hurtful
             ,
             but
             their
             flesh
             is
             white
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             of
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             their
             livers
             most
             sweet
             and
             delicate
             :
             seeth
             them
             as
             you
             do
             a
             Dorry
             ,
             and
             then
             broil
             them
             a
             little
             to
             make
             them
             easier
             of
             digestion
             ,
             or
             else
             boil
             them
             as
             you
             do
             Sturgian
             ,
             and
             so
             eat
             them
             cold
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rhombi
             marini
             .
          
           
             
             Sea-Flounders
             are
             very
             thick
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             yet
             light
             of
             digestion
             ,
             they
             are
             exceeding
             good
             for
             aguish
             persons
             being
             well
             sod
             ,
             and
             for
             some
             men
             ,
             being
             fried
             in
             vinegar
             and
             butter
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lucernae
             .
          
           
             
             Gilt-heads
             or
             Golden-poles
             ,
             are
             very
             little
             unlike
             the
             Gournard
             ,
             save
             that
             it
             seems
             about
             the
             noddle
             of
             the
             head
             ,
             as
             though
             it
             were
             all
             besprinkled
             with
             gold-filings
             ,
             
             it
             is
             something
             harder
             of
             digestion
             ,
             as
             Galen
             writeth
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cuculi
             majores
             .
          
           
             Gurnards
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             Swart
             or
             Reddish
             ;
             either
             of
             them
             are
             within
             of
             a
             white
             ,
             firm
             ,
             dry
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             wholsome
             substance
             ;
             giving
             our
             bodies
             a
             competent
             nourishment
             ,
             being
             sodden
             in
             white
             wine-vinegar
             ,
             salt
             ,
             mace
             ,
             and
             onions
             ,
             or
             else
             being
             sodden
             onely
             in
             wine
             and
             then
             sowced
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asellus
             .
             Islandicus
             .
          
           
             
             Haberdine
             is
             nothing
             but
             an
             Island
             Cod
             ,
             bigger
             somewhat
             then
             ours
             ,
             and
             also
             firmer
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asselluli
             .
          
           
             Haddocks
             are
             little
             Cods
             ,
             of
             light
             substance
             ,
             crumbling
             flesh
             ,
             and
             good
             nourishment
             in
             the
             Sommer
             time
             ,
             especially
             whilst
             Venison
             is
             in
             season
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aselluli
             longi
             .
          
           
             Hakes
             be
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             resembling
             a
             Cod
             in
             taste
             ,
             but
             a
             Ling
             in
             likeness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aquila
             marina
             .
          
           
             
             The
             Sea-Hawke
             is
             of
             hard
             flesh
             &
             slow
             digestion
             ,
             as
             Galen
             avoucheth
             from
             Philotimus
             mouth
             ;
             smelling
             strong
             and
             heavily
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             eaten
             without
             leeks
             ,
             onions
             ,
             and
             garlick
          
        
         
           
             Haleces
             .
          
           
             Herrings
             are
             an
             usual
             and
             common
             meat
             ,
             coveted
             as
             much
             of
             the
             Nobility
             for
             variety
             and
             wantoness
             ,
             as
             used
             of
             poor
             men
             for
             want
             of
             other
             provision
             :
             it
             is
             one
             of
             the
             Cardinal
             supporters
             of
             our
             holy
             Lent
             ,
             and
             therefore
             not
             
             to
             be
             ill
             spoken
             of
             :
             yet
             
               Thomas
               Cogan
            
             (
             in
             his
             Haven
             of
             Health
             )
             saith
             that
             by
             eating
             of
             fresh
             Herring
             many
             fall
             into
             fevers
             ,
             and
             that
             Red-herring
             gives
             as
             good
             nourishment
             to
             the
             body
             ,
             as
             resty
             Bacon
             .
             And
             truely
             I
             dare
             avouch
             ,
             that
             new
             bloat-herrings
             are
             little
             better
             ;
             and
             pickeld
             herrings
             far
             worse
             ,
             though
             you
             correct
             them
             with
             never
             so
             much
             vinegar
             ,
             salt
             ,
             pepper
             and
             oil
             .
             As
             for
             salt
             
             Herring
             well
             watred
             or
             qualified
             in
             warm
             milk
             ,
             they
             taste
             not
             ill
             after
             they
             are
             broild
             ,
             but
             yet
             they
             give
             none
             or
             a
             bad
             nourishment
             ;
             saving
             to
             Ploughmen
             ,
             Sailers
             ,
             Souldiers
             ,
             Mariners
             ,
             or
             labouring
             persons
             ,
             to
             whom
             gross
             and
             heavy
             meats
             are
             most
             familiar
             and
             convenient
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rhinocerotes
             .
             Acus
             .
          
           
             Horne-beaks
             are
             ever
             lean
             (
             as
             some
             think
             )
             because
             they
             are
             ever
             fighting
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             good
             and
             tender
             ,
             whether
             they
             be
             eaten
             fresh
             or
             poudred
             .
             Highly
             be
             they
             commended
             of
             
               Alexander
               Benedictus
            
             in
             the
             plague
             time
             ,
             because
             they
             breed
             no
             unwholesome
             or
             excremental
             humours
             .
          
        
         
           
             Leucisci
             marini
             .
          
           
             
             Javelings
             or
             Sea-darts
             are
             plentiful
             in
             the
             Venecian
             gulf
             and
             all
             the
             Adriatique
             Sea
             ;
             where
             having
             taken
             the
             young
             ones
             ,
             they
             salt
             them
             and
             send
             them
             to
             Constantinople
             in
             infinite
             number
             for
             Anchovaes
             ;
             the
             greater
             sort
             they
             fry
             and
             boil
             at
             home
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             very
             sweet
             and
             soft
             flesh
             .
          
        
         
           
             Miluus
             marinus
             .
          
           
             
             Keelings
             differ
             nothing
             but
             in
             name
             from
             Cod.
             The
             Sea-Kite
             ,
             called
             of
             
               Pliny
               Hirundo
               volans
            
             ,
             the
             flying
             Swallow
             ,
             resembleth
             much
             the
             flying
             Herrings
             so
             plentiful
             about
             the
             West-Indies
             ,
             which
             finding
             not
             proper
             meat
             within
             the
             waters
             ,
             flieth
             after
             gnats
             and
             muskitoes
             like
             a
             swallow
             .
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             (
             whom
             thankful
             posterity
             will
             worthily
             esteem
             )
             did
             first
             shew
             me
             one
             of
             them
             dead
             ,
             and
             I
             think
             he
             was
             one
             of
             the
             first
             of
             our
             Nation
             ,
             that
             did
             ever
             eat
             them
             ;
             they
             are
             of
             a
             good
             taste
             ,
             tender
             flesh
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             aguish
             after
             the
             nature
             of
             fresh
             Herrings
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asellus
             .
          
           
             
             Ling
             perhaps
             looks
             for
             great
             extolling
             ,
             being
             counted
             
             the
             beefe
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             standing
             every
             fish
             day
             (
             as
             
             a
             cold
             supporter
             )
             at
             my
             Lord
             Maiors
             table
             ;
             yet
             is
             it
             nothing
             but
             a
             long
             Cod
             :
             whereof
             the
             greater
             sised
             is
             called
             Organe
             Ling
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Codling
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             no
             longer
             then
             a
             Cod
             ,
             and
             yet
             hath
             the
             taste
             of
             Ling
             :
             whilst
             it
             is
             new
             it
             is
             called
             green-fish
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             salted
             it
             is
             called
             Ling
             ,
             perhaps
             of
             lying
             ,
             because
             the
             longer
             it
             lyeth
             (
             being
             conveniently
             turned
             ,
             and
             the
             Peace-straw
             often
             shifted
             wherein
             it
             lyeth
             )
             the
             better
             it
             is
             ,
             waxing
             in
             the
             end
             as
             yellow
             as
             the
             gold
             noble
             ,
             at
             which
             time
             they
             are
             worth
             a
             noble
             a
             piece
             .
             They
             are
             taken
             onely
             in
             the
             far
             Nothern
             Seas
             ,
             where
             the
             sweetest
             and
             biggest
             live
             ;
             but
             Codlings
             are
             taken
             in
             great
             plenty
             neer
             to
             Bedwell
             in
             Northumberland
             shire
             .
          
        
         
           
             Locustae
             marinae
             .
          
           
             Lobsters
             are
             of
             a
             strong
             and
             hard
             flesh
             ,
             and
             hard
             of
             concoction
             ;
             the
             belly
             ,
             clawes
             and
             upper
             parts
             are
             most
             tender
             ,
             the
             tail
             parts
             tough
             ;
             when
             they
             are
             seething
             their
             mouth
             and
             lower
             vent
             should
             be
             stopped
             with
             towe
             ,
             lest
             the
             liquor
             being
             bettered
             with
             their
             juice
             ,
             they
             themselves
             prove
             flashy
             and
             unpleasant
             in
             taste
             .
             As
             the
             
             River
             Lobster
             or
             Crevisse
             seemeth
             (
             as
             Dorion
             said
             )
             to
             be
             made
             onely
             for
             weak
             stomacks
             ;
             so
             I
             think
             these
             are
             ordained
             onely
             for
             the
             stronger
             sort
             :
             for
             I
             have
             known
             many
             weak
             persons
             venture
             on
             them
             to
             their
             great
             hurt
             ,
             as
             contrariwise
             sound
             stomacks
             do
             well
             digest
             them
             ?
             Pliny
             saith
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             North-west
             Indian
             Seas
             there
             be
             
             Lobsters
             taken
             of
             two
             yards
             length
             ;
             whereof
             we
             have
             none
             ,
             or
             if
             we
             had
             ,
             yet
             can
             they
             not
             be
             so
             wholesome
             ,
             for
             the
             least
             is
             tendrest
             ,
             and
             the
             middle
             sised
             is
             best
             flesht
             ;
             as
             for
             the
             great
             ones
             they
             be
             old
             and
             tough
             ,
             &
             will
             cause
             sorrow
             enough
             before
             they
             be
             well
             concocted
             .
             They
             come
             into
             season
             with
             the
             Buck
             ,
             and
             go
             out
             of
             season
             when
             the
             Doe
             comes
             in
             ;
             also
             in
             the
             wane
             of
             the
             moon
             
             they
             are
             little
             worth
             ,
             and
             best
             towards
             and
             in
             the
             full
             :
             clove-vinegar
             and
             gilly
             flour-vinegar
             is
             their
             best
             sawce
             ,
             and
             if
             you
             butter
             them
             after
             they
             are
             well
             sodden
             with
             store
             of
             vinegar
             and
             pepper
             ,
             they
             will
             give
             a
             strong
             nourishment
             to
             an
             indifferent
             stomack
             ;
             when
             their
             spawne
             lies
             greatest
             in
             their
             head
             ,
             then
             are
             they
             in
             prime
             ;
             but
             when
             all
             their
             spawn
             is
             out
             ,
             then
             is
             their
             spawn
             good
             ,
             and
             they
             wax
             bad
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lucij
             .
          
           
             Luces
             are
             properly
             called
             Pikes
             of
             the
             Sea
             ;
             so
             rare
             in
             Spaine
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             never
             seen
             .
             But
             our
             English
             Seas
             ,
             especially
             which
             wash
             the
             Southern
             shore
             ,
             have
             store
             of
             them
             which
             are
             large
             fat
             and
             good
             .
             Mr
             Huzzy
             of
             Cookfield
             sent
             me
             once
             a
             Luce
             out
             of
             Sussex
             a
             yard
             and
             a
             half
             long
             ,
             which
             being
             presented
             by
             me
             to
             the
             Mirror
             of
             Chivalry
             (
             the
             Lord
             Willoughby
             of
             Eresby
             )
             was
             thought
             ,
             and
             truly
             thought
             a
             most
             dainty
             fish
             ;
             for
             it
             eateth
             more
             sweet
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             crisper
             then
             our
             river
             Pikes
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             eaten
             of
             aguish
             persons
             ,
             weak
             stomacks
             ,
             and
             women
             in
             child-bed
             .
             Their
             feed
             is
             chiefly
             upon
             young
             fry
             ,
             and
             spawnes
             of
             fish
             :
             and
             by
             continual
             swimming
             (
             whereunto
             they
             are
             forced
             by
             beating
             of
             the
             surges
             )
             they
             become
             tenderer
             then
             our
             fresh
             water
             Pikes
             ,
             though
             not
             so
             fat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Orbes
             .
          
           
             Lumps
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             the
             one
             as
             round
             almost
             as
             a
             bowle
             ,
             the
             other
             resembling
             the
             fillets
             of
             a
             Calfe
             ;
             either
             of
             them
             is
             deformed
             ,
             shapeless
             and
             ugly
             ,
             so
             that
             my
             Maides
             once
             at
             Ipswich
             were
             afraid
             to
             touch
             it
             ,
             being
             flayed
             they
             resemble
             a
             soft
             and
             gellied
             substance
             ,
             whereupon
             the
             Hollanders
             call
             them
             Snot-fishes
             ;
             I
             liked
             not
             their
             substance
             ,
             taste
             ,
             nor
             qualities
             ,
             for
             they
             were
             (
             as
             they
             are
             written
             of
             )
             a
             curde
             ,
             raw
             ,
             and
             fleagmatick
             meat
             ,
             much
             like
             to
             a
             Thorne-back
             half
             sodden
             ,
             they
             are
             best
             being
             boiled
             and
             pickled
             like
             Sturgian
             ,
             and
             so
             eaten
             cold
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Scombri
             .
             
          
           
             Mackrels
             were
             in
             old
             time
             in
             such
             request
             ,
             that
             two
             gallons
             of
             their
             pickle
             (
             called
             the
             pickle
             of
             good
             fellows
             )
             
             was
             sold
             for
             a
             thousand
             pieces
             of
             silver
             ;
             but
             time
             and
             experience
             described
             them
             to
             be
             of
             a
             thick
             ,
             clammy
             and
             suffocating
             substance
             ,
             offensive
             to
             the
             brain
             ,
             head
             ,
             and
             brest
             ,
             though
             pleasant
             in
             taste
             ,
             and
             acceptable
             to
             the
             stomach
             :
             Certain
             it
             is
             that
             they
             cause
             drousiness
             in
             the
             
             best
             stomacks
             ,
             and
             apoplexies
             ,
             or
             palsies
             ,
             or
             lethargies
             ,
             or
             dulness
             (
             at
             the
             least
             )
             of
             sense
             and
             sinews
             to
             them
             that
             be
             weak
             .
             Tralianus
             rightly
             adviseth
             all
             persons
             sick
             of
             fleagmatick
             diseases
             ,
             and
             of
             stoppings
             ,
             to
             beware
             of
             Mackrels
             as
             a
             most
             dangerous
             meat
             :
             albeit
             their
             liver
             helpeth
             
             the
             jaundies
             ,
             being
             sod
             in
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             their
             flesh
             sod
             in
             vinegar
             cureth
             the
             suffocation
             of
             the
             matrix
             :
             they
             are
             best
             being
             sod
             in
             wine-vinegar
             with
             mints
             ,
             parsly
             ,
             rosemary
             ,
             and
             time
             ,
             and
             if
             afterwards
             they
             be
             kept
             in
             pickle
             ,
             made
             of
             Rhennish
             wine
             ,
             ginger
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             dill
             ,
             they
             prove
             a
             very
             dainty
             and
             no
             unwholesome
             meat
             ;
             they
             are
             worst
             of
             all
             buttered
             .
             The
             French
             men
             lay
             Southernwood
             upon
             a
             gridiron
             ,
             &
             them
             upon
             the
             Southernwood
             ,
             and
             so
             broil
             them
             both
             upon
             the
             fire
             ,
             basting
             them
             well
             with
             wine
             and
             butter
             ,
             and
             so
             serve
             them
             in
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             pepper
             and
             butter
             ,
             as
             hot
             as
             can
             be
             ;
             by
             which
             way
             no
             doubt
             their
             malignity
             is
             much
             lessened
             ,
             and
             their
             goodness
             no
             less
             encreased
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rajolae
             .
          
           
             Maides
             are
             as
             little
             and
             tender
             Skates
             ,
             feeding
             chiefly
             upon
             flesh
             ,
             livers
             ,
             and
             spawne
             of
             fish
             ;
             whereas
             other
             fish
             bring
             forth
             eggs
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             time
             converted
             into
             their
             parents
             shape
             ;
             onely
             Maides
             Skate
             and
             Thorne-back
             bring
             forth
             their
             young
             ones
             without
             eggs
             ,
             after
             the
             kind
             of
             propagation
             of
             beasts
             :
             they
             are
             very
             nourishing
             and
             of
             good
             juice
             ,
             fit
             for
             weak
             stomacks
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             have
             
             through
             wantoness
             spoiled
             themselves
             and
             robbed
             nature
             .
             Boil
             them
             in
             wine
             water
             and
             salt
             ,
             with
             a
             sprig
             of
             rosemary
             ,
             and
             then
             eat
             them
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             sweet
             butter
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mugiles
             marini
             .
             Italice
             Cephalo
             .
          
           
             Sea-Mullets
             differ
             little
             or
             nothing
             in
             shape
             from
             Barbels
             ,
             saving
             that
             they
             are
             very
             little
             or
             nothing
             bearded
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             have
             beards
             ,
             have
             them
             onely
             on
             the
             neither
             lip
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             store
             of
             them
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             river
             of
             
             Usk
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             as
             many
             as
             at
             Lateran
             in
             Province
             .
             They
             are
             so
             swift
             ,
             that
             they
             often
             outswim
             the
             lightest
             Ships
             ;
             which
             argueth
             them
             to
             be
             of
             a
             light
             and
             aeireal
             substance
             :
             It
             is
             strange
             what
             is
             written
             of
             this
             fish
             ;
             
             namely
             that
             it
             should
             hurt
             Venus
             game
             ;
             yea
             that
             the
             very
             broth
             of
             it
             ,
             or
             the
             wine
             wherein
             it
             is
             sodden
             should
             make
             a
             man
             unable
             to
             get
             ,
             and
             a
             woman
             unable
             to
             conceive
             
             children
             .
             Nay
             furthermore
             Terpsides
             avoucheth
             ,
             that
             a
             little
             of
             that
             broth
             being
             mingled
             with
             hens
             meat
             ,
             maketh
             them
             barren
             though
             never
             so
             well
             trodden
             of
             the
             Cock
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             saith
             ,
             The
             Poets
             have
             consecrated
             the
             Sea-Mullets
             to
             Diana
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             procurer
             and
             preserver
             of
             chastity
             ;
             which
             if
             it
             be
             true
             (
             as
             I
             can
             hardly
             think
             it
             is
             )
             then
             farewell
             Paracelsus
             his
             cabalistical
             conclusion
             ,
             or
             rather
             the
             follies
             of
             Avicen
             and
             many
             Arabians
             ,
             which
             give
             the
             stones
             ,
             brains
             ,
             and
             combs
             ,
             of
             most
             lascivious
             birds
             (
             as
             Cocks
             ,
             Phesants
             ,
             Partridges
             ,
             Drakes
             and
             Sparrows
             )
             to
             stir
             up
             lust
             and
             encrease
             seed
             :
             for
             the
             Sea-Mullet
             is
             so
             lascivious
             ,
             that
             a
             thousand
             Females
             swim
             after
             one
             Male
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             have
             spawned
             ,
             and
             the
             Males
             likewise
             strive
             as
             much
             if
             they
             have
             not
             choice
             of
             Females
             ;
             yea
             whereas
             in
             a
             manner
             all
             kind
             of
             fish
             ,
             spawne
             but
             once
             a
             year
             ;
             they
             come
             (
             like
             to
             swine
             among
             beasts
             )
             thrice
             a
             year
             at
             the
             least
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             
             (
             as
             men
             say
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             have
             written
             since
             )
             abaters
             of
             courage
             ,
             extinguishers
             of
             seed
             ,
             and
             charmes
             as
             it
             were
             against
             conception
             :
             Nevertheless
             sith
             their
             flesh
             is
             
             wholesome
             ,
             white
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             tender
             ,
             and
             they
             feed
             clean
             and
             good
             ,
             I
             dare
             boldly
             aver
             them
             to
             be
             much
             nourishing
             ;
             being
             first
             well
             sodden
             in
             wine
             ,
             salt
             ,
             and
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             either
             sowced
             like
             a
             Gurnard
             ,
             or
             kept
             in
             gelly
             like
             a
             Tench
             ,
             or
             eaten
             hot
             with
             vinegar
             and
             pepper
             .
             Of
             the
             eggs
             and
             blood
             of
             this
             fish
             mixed
             with
             salt
             (
             which
             must
             not
             be
             omitted
             in
             this
             discourse
             )
             is
             also
             made
             that
             which
             the
             Italians
             call
             Botargo
             ,
             from
             the
             Greek
             words
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             or
             salted
             eggs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mityli
             .
             Chamae
             .
          
           
             Mussels
             were
             never
             in
             credit
             ,
             but
             amongst
             the
             poorer
             sort
             ;
             till
             lately
             the
             lilly
             white
             Mussel
             was
             found
             out
             about
             Romers-wall
             ,
             as
             we
             sail
             betwixt
             Flushing
             and
             Bergen-●p-Zon
             ,
             where
             indeed
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             Sommer
             ,
             they
             are
             commonly
             and
             much
             eaten
             without
             any
             offence
             to
             the
             head
             ,
             liver
             or
             stomach
             ;
             yea
             my self
             (
             whom
             once
             twenty
             Mussels
             had
             almost
             poisoned
             at
             Cambridg
             ,
             and
             who
             have
             seen
             sharp
             ,
             filthy
             ,
             and
             cruel
             diseases
             follow
             the
             eating
             of
             English
             Mussels
             )
             did
             fill
             my self
             with
             those
             Mussels
             of
             the
             Low
             Country
             ,
             being
             never
             a
             whit
             distempered
             with
             my
             bold
             adventure
             .
             Dr
             Wotton
             saith
             that
             the
             least
             
             Mussels
             be
             ever
             best
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             whitest
             softest
             ,
             and
             soonest
             digested
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             ones
             give
             a
             stronger
             and
             larger
             nourishment
             ;
             the
             red
             ones
             are
             very
             dangerous
             ,
             yellow
             ones
             are
             suspected
             ,
             but
             the
             white
             ones
             are
             wholesome
             and
             much
             commended
             ,
             save
             unto
             hot
             and
             distempered
             stomacks
             :
             they
             are
             best
             sodden
             in
             the
             water
             out
             of
             which
             they
             were
             taken
             ,
             which
             being
             not
             obtained
             ,
             seeth
             them
             in
             water
             and
             salt
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             strong
             Ale
             and
             Vinegar
             :
             broild
             Mussels
             encrease
             heat
             and
             draught
             ;
             fryed
             Mussels
             do
             easily
             corrupt
             in
             
             our
             bodies
             ,
             and
             turn
             to
             a
             bad
             juice
             .
             If
             they
             be
             kept
             in
             the
             like
             pickle
             ,
             as
             lately
             is
             devised
             by
             Serjeant
             Goodrons
             to
             keep
             Oisters
             in
             (
             made
             of
             sea
             water
             ,
             wine
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             bayleaves
             ,
             mints
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             ginger
             ,
             and
             cinamon
             )
             I
             durst
             warrant
             them
             as
             wholesome
             ,
             and
             questionless
             more
             pleasant
             then
             the
             Oister
             .
             As
             for
             horse-mussels
             they
             deserve
             not
             the
             remembrance
             ,
             sith
             neither
             experience
             ,
             custome
             ,
             nor
             reason
             approveth
             them
             a
             wholesome
             meat
             ;
             nay
             as
             
             Pliny
             saith
             ,
             
               Salem
               virusque
               refipiunt
            
             ;
             they
             taste
             brackish
             and
             strong
             ,
             having
             a
             hidden
             poison
             within
             their
             flesh
             ;
             yet
             have
             I
             seen
             them
             ordinarily
             sold
             in
             Venice
             ,
             which
             maketh
             me
             think
             that
             some
             Sea
             and
             River
             may
             have
             wholesome
             ones
             of
             that
             kind
             ,
             though
             ours
             be
             neither
             wholesome
             nor
             pleasant
             of
             taste
             .
             They
             are
             exceeding
             bigg
             in
             Spaine
             and
             the
             West
             Indies
             ;
             but
             the
             greatest
             that
             ever
             I
             read
             of
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             Juba
             recordeth
             in
             his
             volumes
             
             writen
             to
             
               Cajus
               (
               Augustus
            
             son
             )
             being
             as
             big
             in
             compass
             as
             three
             pecks
             .
          
        
         
           
             Monachae
             .
          
           
             
             Nunfishes
             were
             not
             seen
             in
             England
             till
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             and
             Mr
             Caundish
             brought
             them
             (
             no
             man
             knows
             out
             of
             what
             Seas
             )
             cleaving
             to
             the
             keels
             of
             their
             happy
             Vessels
             .
             It
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             shell-fish
             ,
             not
             winding
             like
             a
             Periwinckle
             ,
             nor
             opening
             his
             shell
             (
             as
             Oisters
             ,
             Mussels
             ,
             and
             Cockles
             do
             )
             but
             creeping
             out
             of
             his
             craggy
             cabine
             ,
             like
             a
             sea-snail
             ,
             but
             that
             (
             as
             I
             said
             )
             his
             hole
             goeth
             strait
             inward
             and
             windeth
             not
             :
             the
             face
             of
             it
             is
             very
             white
             ,
             the
             head
             is
             covered
             as
             it
             were
             with
             a
             black
             vail
             ,
             like
             the
             Nuns
             of
             Saint
             Bridgets
             order
             ,
             whereof
             I
             suppose
             it
             took
             the
             name
             .
             It
             feedeth
             upon
             sweet
             mud
             sticking
             upon
             Ships
             sides
             whilst
             they
             lye
             at
             Anchor
             ,
             and
             is
             as
             wholesome
             and
             delicate
             a
             meat
             as
             any
             Periwinckle
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ostreae
             .
          
           
             
             Oisters
             do
             justly
             deserve
             a
             full
             treatice
             ,
             being
             so
             common
             ,
             
             and
             whithall
             so
             wholesome
             a
             meat
             ;
             they
             differ
             in
             colour
             ,
             substance
             ,
             and
             bigness
             ;
             but
             the
             best
             are
             thick
             ,
             little
             and
             round
             sheld
             ,
             not
             sli
             ppery
             nor
             flaggy
             through
             abundance
             of
             a
             gellied
             humour
             ,
             but
             short
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             thick
             of
             flesh
             ,
             riseing
             up
             round
             like
             a
             womans
             breast
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             manner
             all
             belly
             ,
             and
             no
             fins
             ;
             or
             at
             the
             most
             having
             very
             short
             fins
             ,
             of
             a
             green
             colour
             ,
             and
             listed
             about
             as
             with
             a
             purple
             haire
             ,
             which
             will
             make
             them
             indeed
             to
             be
             justly
             called
             Calliblephara
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               The
               fair
               eye
            
             
             
               lidded
               Oisters
            
             ;
             such
             are
             our
             Walfleet
             and
             Colchester
             Oisters
             ;
             whose
             good
             rellish
             ,
             substance
             ,
             and
             wholesomeness
             ,
             far
             exceedeth
             the
             Oisters
             of
             
               Vsk
               ,
               Pool
               ,
               Southampton
               ,
               Whitstable
               ,
               Rye
               ,
            
             or
             any
             other
             Port
             or
             Haven
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Thus
             much
             concerning
             the
             body
             of
             Oisters
             ,
             now
             somewhat
             concerning
             their
             bigness
             ;
             Alexander
             with
             his
             (
             Friends
             and
             Physitians
             wondred
             to
             find
             Oisters
             in
             
             the
             Indian
             seas
             a
             foot
             long
             .
             And
             in
             Plinies
             time
             they
             marvelled
             at
             an
             Oister
             ,
             which
             might
             be
             divided
             into
             three
             morsels
             ,
             calling
             it
             therefore
             Tridacnon
             by
             a
             peculiar
             name
             :
             but
             I
             dare
             and
             do
             truly
             affirm
             ,
             that
             at
             my
             eldest
             Brothers
             marriage
             ,
             at
             Aldham
             hall
             in
             Essex
             ,
             I
             did
             see
             a
             Pelden
             Oister
             divided
             into
             eight
             good
             morsels
             ,
             whose
             shell
             was
             nothing
             less
             then
             that
             of
             Alexanders
             ;
             but
             as
             the
             Greek
             Proverb
             saith
             ,
             
               Goodness
               is
               not
               tied
               to
               greatness
               ,
               but
               greatness
               to
               goodness
            
             ;
             wherefore
             sith
             the
             little
             round
             Oisters
             be
             commonly
             best
             rellished
             ,
             and
             less
             fulsome
             ,
             let
             them
             be
             of
             the
             greatest
             account
             ,
             especially
             to
             be
             eaten
             raw
             ,
             which
             of
             all
             other
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             the
             best
             way
             .
             Galen
             saith
             that
             they
             are
             somewhat
             heavy
             
             of
             digestion
             ,
             and
             engender
             fleagm
             ;
             but
             as
             he
             knew
             not
             the
             goodness
             of
             English
             beefe
             (
             when
             he
             condemned
             the
             use
             of
             all
             Ox-flesh
             )
             so
             had
             he
             tryed
             the
             goodness
             of
             our
             Oisters
             ,
             which
             Pliny
             maketh
             the
             second
             best
             of
             the
             
             
             world
             ,
             no
             doubt
             he
             would
             have
             given
             Oisters
             a
             better
             censure
             .
             That
             they
             are
             wholesome
             and
             to
             be
             desired
             of
             every
             man
             ,
             this
             may
             be
             no
             small
             reason
             ,
             that
             (
             almost
             )
             every
             man
             loves
             them
             ,
             Item
             whereas
             no
             flesh
             or
             other
             fish
             is
             or
             can
             be
             dangerless
             being
             eaten
             raw
             ,
             raw
             Oisters
             are
             never
             offensive
             to
             any
             indifferent
             stomack
             .
             Nay
             furthermore
             they
             settle
             a
             wayward
             appetite
             and
             confirm
             a
             weak
             stomack
             ,
             and
             give
             good
             nourishment
             to
             decayed
             members
             ,
             either
             through
             their
             owne
             goodness
             ,
             or
             that
             they
             are
             so
             much
             desired
             .
          
           
             Finally
             if
             they
             were
             an
             ill
             and
             heavy
             meat
             ,
             why
             were
             they
             appointed
             to
             be
             eaten
             first
             ?
             which
             is
             no
             new
             custome
             brought
             in
             by
             some
             late
             Physitian
             :
             for
             one
             asking
             
             Dromeas
             (
             who
             lived
             long
             before
             Athenaeus
             and
             Macrobius
             time
             )
             whether
             he
             liked
             best
             ,
             the
             Feast
             of
             Athens
             or
             Chalcis
             ?
             I
             like
             ,
             
               said
               he
            
             ,
             the
             Athenians
             Prologue
             better
             then
             the
             Chalcidians
             ,
             for
             they
             began
             their
             feasts
             with
             Oisters
             ,
             and
             these
             with
             hony
             ▪
             cakes
             :
             which
             argueth
             them
             to
             have
             been
             ever
             held
             for
             a
             meat
             of
             light
             digestion
             ,
             else
             had
             they
             not
             alwaies
             been
             eaten
             in
             the
             first
             place
             .
             It
             is
             great
             pitty
             of
             the
             loss
             of
             Asellius
             the
             Sabins
             book
             written
             Dialogue-wise
             betwixt
             the
             Fig-finch
             ,
             the
             Thrush
             and
             the
             Oisters
             ,
             wherein
             upon
             just
             grounds
             he
             
             so
             preferred
             them
             before
             the
             Birds
             ,
             that
             
               Tiberius
               Caesar
            
             rewarded
             him
             with
             a
             thousand
             pound
             Sterling
             .
             The
             fattest
             Oisters
             are
             taken
             in
             salt
             water
             at
             the
             mouth
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             but
             the
             wholesomest
             and
             lightest
             are
             in
             the
             main
             
             upon
             shelfs
             and
             rocks
             ;
             which
             also
             procure
             urine
             and
             stools
             ,
             and
             are
             helps
             to
             cure
             the
             chollick
             and
             dropsy
             ,
             if
             they
             be
             eaten
             raw
             ,
             for
             sodden
             Oisters
             bind
             the
             
             belly
             ,
             stop
             urine
             ,
             and
             encrease
             the
             collick
             .
             How
             dangerous
             it
             is
             to
             drink
             small
             drink
             upon
             Oisters
             it
             appeareth
             
             by
             Andronicus
             the
             elder
             ,
             who
             having
             made
             a
             great
             Dinner
             of
             Oisters
             ,
             drank
             cold
             water
             upon
             them
             ,
             whereupon
             
             he
             died
             ,
             being
             not
             able
             to
             overcome
             them
             .
             And
             truly
             as
             Oisters
             do
             hardly
             corrupt
             of
             themselves
             ;
             so
             if
             cold
             drink
             follow
             them
             they
             concoct
             as
             hardly
             :
             wherefore
             (
             especially
             having
             eaten
             many
             )
             drink
             either
             wine
             or
             some
             strong
             and
             hot
             beer
             after
             them
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             a
             mischiefe
             .
             Little
             Oisters
             are
             best
             raw
             ,
             great
             Oisters
             should
             be
             stued
             with
             wine
             ,
             onions
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             butter
             ,
             or
             roasted
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             butter
             ,
             or
             bak't
             with
             onions
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             andbutter
             ,
             or
             pickled
             with
             white-wine-vinegar
             ,
             their
             owne
             water
             ,
             bayes
             ,
             mints
             ,
             and
             hot
             spices
             ;
             for
             of
             all
             wayes
             they
             are
             worst
             sod
             ,
             unless
             you
             seeth
             them
             in
             that
             sea
             water
             from
             whence
             they
             were
             brought
             .
          
           
             All
             Oisters
             are
             dangeours
             whilst
             they
             be
             full
             of
             milk
             ,
             which
             commonly
             is
             betwixt
             May
             and
             August
             .
             Raw
             Oisters
             are
             best
             in
             cold
             weather
             ,
             when
             the
             stomach
             is
             hottest
             ,
             namely
             from
             September
             to
             April
             :
             albeit
             the
             Italians
             dare
             not
             venture
             on
             a
             raw
             Oister
             at
             any
             time
             ,
             but
             broil
             them
             in
             the
             shell
             with
             their
             water
             ,
             the
             juice
             of
             an
             orenge
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             oil
             ;
             which
             way
             I
             must
             needs
             confess
             it
             eates
             daintily
             .
             Pickled
             Oisters
             may
             be
             eaten
             at
             all
             times
             ,
             and
             to
             my
             taste
             and
             judgement
             they
             are
             more
             commendable
             ,
             chiefly
             to
             cold
             ,
             weak
             ,
             windy
             ,
             distasted
             
             stomachs
             ,
             then
             any
             way
             else
             prepared
             .
             I
             wonder
             whether
             it
             be
             true
             or
             no
             which
             I
             have
             heard
             of
             ,
             and
             Pliny
             seemeth
             also
             to
             affirm
             ,
             That
             Oisters
             may
             be
             kept
             all
             the
             year
             long
             covered
             in
             snow
             ,
             and
             so
             be
             eaten
             in
             Sommer
             as
             cold
             as
             can
             be
             ;
             which
             if
             it
             prove
             answerable
             to
             the
             likelihood
             I
             conceive
             of
             it
             ,
             I
             will
             cry
             out
             with
             Pliny
             in
             the
             same
             Chapter
             ,
             
               Quanti
               quanti
               es
               ▪
               luxuria
               ,
               quae
               summa
               montium
               &
               maris
               ima
               commisces
               ?
               How
               great
               and
               powerful
               is
               riot
               ,
               which
               maketh
               the
               highest
               covering
               of
            
             
             
               mountains
               ,
               and
               the
               lowest
               creatures
               of
               the
               seas
               to
               meet
               together
               ?
            
             Yet
             it
             is
             recorded
             that
             Apicius
             the
             Roman
             ,
             kept
             Oisters
             so
             long
             sweet
             (
             were
             it
             in
             snow
             ,
             pickle
             ,
             or
             
             brine
             )
             that
             he
             sent
             them
             from
             thence
             sweet
             and
             good
             to
             the
             Emperour
             Trajan
             ,
             warring
             against
             the
             Parthians
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cochleae
             marinae
             .
          
           
             
             Perwinckles
             or
             Whelks
             ,
             are
             nothing
             but
             sea-snails
             ,
             feeding
             upon
             the
             finest
             mud
             of
             the
             shore
             and
             the
             best
             weeds
             ;
             they
             are
             very
             nourishing
             and
             restorative
             ,
             being
             sod
             at
             the
             sea-side
             in
             their
             own
             sea
             water
             :
             the
             whitest
             flesht
             are
             ever
             best
             &
             tenderest
             ,
             &
             they
             which
             are
             taken
             in
             clean
             creeks
             eat
             pleasant
             ,
             but
             they
             which
             are
             gathered
             upon
             muddy
             shores
             eat
             very
             strongly
             and
             offend
             the
             eyesight
             .
             They
             
             are
             best
             in
             winter
             and
             in
             the
             spring
             :
             for
             a
             stomack
             and
             liver
             resolved
             as
             it
             were
             and
             disposessed
             of
             strength
             .
             Apicius
             
             warneth
             us
             to
             pick
             away
             the
             covering
             of
             their
             holes
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             a
             most
             unwholesome
             thing
             ,
             being
             nothing
             but
             a
             collection
             of
             all
             their
             slime
             hardned
             with
             seething
             .
             The
             best
             way
             to
             prepare
             them
             for
             sound
             persons
             is
             to
             seeth
             them
             in
             their
             owne
             sea-water
             ,
             or
             else
             in
             river
             water
             with
             salt
             and
             vinegar
             ;
             But
             for
             weak
             and
             consumed
             persons
             Apicius
             willeth
             them
             (
             in
             the
             Book
             and
             Chapter
             aforesaid
             )
             to
             be
             thus
             drest
             ;
             take
             first
             the
             skin
             from
             their
             holes
             ,
             and
             lay
             them
             for
             a
             day
             or
             two
             covered
             in
             salt
             and
             milk
             ;
             the
             third
             day
             lay
             them
             onely
             in
             new
             milk
             ,
             then
             seeth
             them
             in
             milk
             till
             they
             be
             dead
             ,
             or
             fry
             them
             in
             a
             pan
             with
             butter
             and
             salt
             .
          
        
         
           
             Passeres
             .
          
           
             Plaise
             (
             called
             the
             sea-sparrows
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             brown
             above
             and
             white
             beneath
             )
             are
             of
             good
             ,
             wholesome
             and
             fine
             nourishment
             .
             
               Arnoldus
               de
               villa
               nova
            
             writeth
             thus
             of
             them
             .
             Of
             all
             sea-fish
             Rochets
             and
             Gurnards
             are
             to
             be
             preferred
             ;
             for
             their
             flesh
             is
             firm
             ,
             and
             their
             substance
             purest
             of
             all
             other
             .
             Next
             unto
             them
             Plaise
             and
             Soles
             are
             to
             be
             numbred
             ,
             being
             eaten
             in
             time
             ;
             for
             if
             either
             of
             them
             be
             once
             stale
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             flesh
             more
             carrion-like
             nor
             more
             ●roublesome
             to
             the
             belly
             of
             man
             :
             the
             best
             Plaise
             have
             
             blackest
             spots
             ,
             as
             the
             best
             flounders
             reddest
             ,
             &
             the
             thicker
             ,
             is
             most
             commended
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             taken
             upon
             the
             Eastern
             cost
             ,
             as
             
               Rye
               ,
               Sandwich
            
             ,
             and
             Dover
             ;
             could
             we
             have
             store
             at
             all
             times
             of
             such
             wholesome
             fish
             ,
             at
             any
             reasonable
             rate
             ,
             Jackalent
             would
             be
             a
             cock-horse
             all
             the
             year
             long
             ,
             and
             butchers
             meat
             would
             go
             a
             begging
             .
          
        
         
           
             Alausae
             minores
             .
          
           
             Pilchers
             differ
             not
             only
             in
             age
             (
             as
             some
             dream
             )
             but
             even
             in
             substance
             and
             form
             from
             Herrings
             ;
             for
             their
             flesh
             is
             firmer
             and
             fuller
             ,
             and
             their
             body
             rounder
             ,
             neither
             are
             they
             of
             so
             aguish
             an
             operation
             ;
             they
             are
             best
             broild
             ,
             having
             lien
             a
             day
             in
             salt
             ,
             and
             eaten
             with
             butter
             salt
             ,
             &
             pepper
             .
          
        
         
           
             Porci
             marini
             .
          
           
             Porpesses
             ,
             Tursions
             ,
             or
             sea-hogs
             ,
             are
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             swine
             ,
             never
             good
             till
             they
             be
             fat
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             disposion
             of
             Tunnies
             ,
             whose
             flesh
             is
             ever
             best
             when
             they
             are
             leanest
             ;
             it
             is
             an
             unsavory
             meat
             ,
             engendring
             many
             superfluous
             humours
             ,
             augmenting
             fleagm
             ,
             and
             troubling
             no
             less
             an
             indifferent
             stomach
             ,
             then
             they
             trouble
             the
             water
             against
             a
             tempest
             ;
             yet
             many
             Ladies
             and
             Gentlemen
             love
             it
             exceedingly
             ,
             bak't
             like
             venison
             ;
             yea
             I
             knew
             a
             great
             Gentle-woman
             (
             in
             Warwick
             lane
             )
             once
             send
             for
             a
             pasty
             of
             it
             given
             from
             a
             Courtier
             )
             when
             the
             prisoners
             of
             Newgate
             had
             refused
             the
             fellow
             of
             it
             out
             of
             the
             Beggers
             basket
             .
             Thus
             
               like
               lips
               like
               lettice
            
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             is
             most
             mens
             bane
             ,
             may
             be
             fittest
             to
             delight
             and
             nourish
             others
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pol●pi
             .
          
           
             Poulps
             are
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             naught
             howsoever
             they
             be
             drest
             ,
             as
             Platina
             thinketh
             .
             But
             sith
             Hyppocrates
             commendeth
             
             them
             to
             women
             in
             childbed
             ▪
             I
             dare
             not
             absolutely
             diswade
             the
             eating
             of
             them
             ;
             especially
             sith
             
               Diphilus
               ,
               Paulus
               ,
               Aegineta
               ,
               and
               Aetius
            
             commend
             them
             likewise
             ,
             saying
             that
             they
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             excessively
             provoke
             lust
             .
             Indeed
             if
             any
             would
             eat
             a
             
             
             live
             pulp
             ,
             to
             anger
             others
             and
             to
             kill
             himself
             ,
             as
             Diogenes
             did
             (
             though
             some
             say
             that
             he
             died
             of
             a
             raw
             cow-heel
             ,
             others
             that
             he
             stiffeld
             himself
             in
             his
             cloke
             )
             no
             doubt
             he
             shall
             find
             it
             a
             dangerous
             morsel
             ;
             but
             being
             well
             sodden
             in
             salt
             water
             and
             wine
             ,
             and
             sweet
             herbs
             ,
             it
             is
             as
             dainty
             and
             far
             more
             wholesomer
             then
             a
             Mackrel
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anates
             marini
             .
          
           
             Puffins
             ,
             whom
             I
             may
             call
             the
             feathered
             fishes
             ,
             are
             accounted
             even
             by
             the
             holy
             fatherhood
             of
             Cardinals
             to
             be
             no
             flesh
             but
             rather
             fish
             ;
             whose
             Catholique
             censure
             I
             will
             not
             here
             oppugne
             ,
             though
             I
             have
             just
             reason
             for
             it
             ,
             because
             I
             will
             not
             encrease
             the
             Popes
             Coffers
             ;
             which
             no
             doubt
             would
             be
             filled
             ,
             if
             every
             Puffin
             eater
             bought
             a
             pardon
             ,
             upon
             true
             and
             certain
             knowledge
             that
             a
             Puffin
             were
             flesh
             :
             albeit
             perhaps
             if
             his
             Holiness
             would
             say
             ,
             that
             a
             shoulder
             of
             Muton
             were
             fish
             ;
             they
             either
             would
             not
             or
             could
             not
             think
             it
             flesh
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aranei
             marini
             .
          
           
             Quawiners
             (
             for
             so
             the
             Scots
             and
             Northen
             English
             term
             them
             )
             are
             very
             subtile
             and
             crafty
             fishes
             ,
             but
             utterly
             unwholesome
             for
             indifferent
             stomachs
             ,
             though
             the
             poorer
             sort
             of
             the
             Orcadians
             eat
             them
             for
             hunger
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rubelliones
             .
          
           
             Rochets
             (
             or
             rather
             Rougets
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             so
             red
             )
             differ
             from
             Gurnards
             and
             Curs
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             are
             redder
             by
             a
             great
             deal
             ,
             and
             also
             lesser
             ;
             they
             are
             of
             the
             like
             flesh
             and
             goodness
             yet
             better
             fryed
             with
             onions
             ,
             butter
             ,
             and
             vinegar
             ,
             then
             sodden
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             so
             little
             ,
             that
             seething
             would
             soke
             out
             their
             best
             nourishing
             substance
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pectines
             veneris
             .
          
           
             Scallopes
             are
             called
             
               Venus
               Cockles
            
             ,
             either
             because
             she
             was
             borne
             in
             one
             of
             them
             ,
             or
             because
             she
             loved
             them
             
             above
             all
             other
             meat
             .
             Pliny
             extolleth
             the
             Scallops
             of
             
             Alexandria
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             but
             now
             the
             most
             and
             best
             be
             in
             Spaine
             by
             Compostella
             ,
             whether
             many
             lecherous
             men
             and
             women
             resort
             ,
             to
             eat
             Scallops
             fot
             the
             kindling
             of
             lust
             and
             encrease
             of
             nature
             ,
             under
             the
             name
             of
             a
             Pilgrimage
             to
             Saint
             James
             his
             shrine
             :
             The
             whitest
             are
             best
             ,
             and
             least
             hot
             ,
             all
             of
             them
             encrease
             lust
             ,
             provoke
             much
             urine
             ,
             and
             nourish
             strongly
             .
             Selsey
             and
             Purbeck
             have
             gotten
             them
             credit
             for
             them
             and
             for
             Cockles
             ,
             above
             all
             the
             Costs
             of
             England
             ;
             they
             are
             best
             being
             broild
             with
             their
             owne
             water
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             and
             butter
             ,
             but
             sodden
             they
             are
             held
             to
             be
             unwholesome
          
        
         
           
             Phocae
             .
          
           
             Seales
             flesh
             is
             counted
             as
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             gross
             of
             substance
             ,
             especially
             being
             old
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             leave
             it
             to
             Mariners
             and
             Sailers
             ,
             for
             whose
             stomachs
             it
             is
             fittest
             ,
             and
             who
             know
             the
             best
             way
             how
             to
             prepare
             it
          
        
         
           
             Triches
             .
             Clupeae
             .
          
           
             Shads
             have
             a
             tender
             and
             pleasant
             flesh
             ,
             but
             in
             some
             months
             they
             are
             so
             full
             of
             bones
             ,
             that
             the
             danger
             in
             eating
             them
             lessneth
             the
             pleasure
             ;
             they
             nourish
             plentifully
             ,
             especially
             the
             Severn
             shad
             ,
             which
             in
             my
             judgement
             is
             void
             of
             that
             viscous
             humour
             ,
             whereby
             other
             shads
             (
             no
             less
             then
             Mackrels
             )
             enforce
             sleepiness
             to
             the
             eater
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             May
             ,
             June
             ,
             and
             July
             ,
             for
             then
             they
             are
             full
             of
             flesh
             and
             freest
             of
             bones
             .
          
        
         
           
             Squillae
             .
          
           
             Shrimps
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ;
             the
             one
             crookbacked
             ,
             the
             other
             straitbacked
             :
             the
             first
             sort
             is
             called
             of
             Frenchmen
             
               Caramots
               de
               la
               sante
            
             healthful
             shrimps
             ;
             because
             they
             recover
             ▪
             sick
             and
             consumed
             persons
             ;
             of
             all
             other
             
             they
             are
             most
             nimble
             ,
             witty
             ,
             and
             skipping
             ,
             and
             of
             best
             juice
             .
             Shrimps
             were
             of
             great
             request
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             brought
             in
             as
             a
             principal
             dish
             in
             Venus
             feasts
             .
             
             The
             best
             way
             of
             preparing
             them
             for
             healthful
             persons
             ,
             is
             to
             boil
             them
             in
             sea
             or
             salt
             water
             ,
             with
             a
             little
             vinegar
             ;
             but
             for
             sick
             and
             consumed
             bodies
             dress
             them
             after
             this
             sort
             :
             first
             wash
             them
             clean
             in
             barly
             water
             ,
             then
             unscale
             them
             whilst
             they
             are
             alive
             ,
             and
             seeth
             them
             in
             chicken
             broth
             ;
             so
             are
             they
             as
             much
             (
             or
             rather
             more
             )
             restorative
             as
             the
             best
             crabs
             and
             crevisses
             most
             highly
             commended
             by
             Physitians
             .
             Futhermore
             they
             are
             unscaled
             ,
             to
             vent
             the
             windiness
             which
             is
             in
             them
             ,
             being
             sodden
             with
             their
             scales
             ,
             whereof
             lust
             and
             disposition
             to
             venery
             might
             arise
             ,
             but
             no
             better
             nor
             sounder
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             a
             great
             kind
             of
             Shrimps
             ,
             which
             are
             called
             Prawnes
             in
             English
             ,
             and
             Crangones
             by
             Rondeletius
             ,
             highly
             prized
             in
             hectick
             fevers
             and
             consumptions
             ;
             but
             the
             crook-backt
             Shrimp
             far
             suprasseth
             them
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             as
             being
             of
             a
             sweeter
             taste
             and
             more
             temperate
             constitution
             .
          
        
         
           
             Squatina
             .
          
           
             Skate
             is
             skin'd
             like
             a
             File
             ,
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             with
             a
             Thorneback
             ,
             but
             pleasanter
             ,
             more
             tender
             ,
             and
             more
             available
             to
             stir
             up
             letchery
             ;
             it
             is
             so
             neer
             a
             Thorneback
             in
             
             shape
             ,
             that
             they
             often
             couple
             and
             engender
             together
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lingulacae
             Soleae
             .
          
           
             Soles
             or
             Tongue
             fishes
             ,
             are
             counted
             the
             Partridges
             of
             the
             sea
             ,
             and
             the
             fittest
             meat
             of
             all
             other
             for
             sick
             folks
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             of
             a
             good
             smell
             ,
             a
             pleasant
             taste
             ,
             neither
             of
             too
             hard
             nor
             too
             soft
             a
             flesh
             ,
             engendring
             neither
             too
             thick
             nor
             too
             thin
             blood
             ;
             of
             easie
             concoction
             ,
             leaving
             none
             or
             few
             excrements
             after
             they
             be
             digested
             .
             Platina
             fried
             them
             (
             as
             we
             do
             )
             with
             persly
             ,
             butter
             ,
             and
             verjuce
             ,
             and
             sawced
             them
             with
             butter
             and
             juce
             of
             orenges
             ;
             but
             for
             sick
             persons
             they
             are
             best
             sodden
             in
             water
             ,
             butter
             ,
             and
             verjuce
             with
             a
             little
             falt
             ;
             it
             is
             a
             fish
             impatient
             of
             winter
             ,
             and
             therefore
             then
             it
             lurketh
             in
             deep
             holes
             ,
             but
             in
             summer
             it
             
             sporteth
             it self
             abroad
             ,
             and
             offereth
             it self
             to
             be
             seen
             when
             it
             is
             most
             seasonable
             .
          
        
         
           
             Chalcides
             .
          
           
             Sprats
             need
             no
             description
             ,
             being
             one
             of
             Jack-a-lents
             principle
             pages
             :
             They
             smell
             well
             being
             new
             and
             fresh
             ,
             resembling
             therein
             the
             river-smelt
             ;
             but
             their
             flesh
             is
             quezy
             ,
             corruptible
             ,
             and
             aguish
             ,
             especially
             if
             they
             light
             on
             a
             weak
             stomach
             ;
             they
             are
             worst
             being
             smoked
             or
             fried
             ,
             indifferent
             sodden
             ,
             and
             best
             broild
             .
          
        
         
           
             Chalcides
             majores
             .
          
           
             Spurlings
             are
             but
             broad
             Sprats
             ,
             taken
             chiefly
             upon
             our
             Northern
             coast
             ;
             which
             being
             drest
             and
             pickled
             as
             Anchovaes
             be
             in
             Provence
             ,
             rather
             surpass
             them
             then
             come
             behind
             them
             in
             taste
             and
             goodness
             .
             Were
             English
             men
             as
             industrious
             as
             I
             could
             wish
             ,
             we
             should
             sel
             them
             deerer
             to
             the
             French
             and
             Italians
             ,
             then
             their
             Anchovaes
             are
             sold
             to
             us
             ;
             for
             I
             have
             seen
             some
             prepared
             by
             Dr.
             Turner
             ,
             which
             far
             exceeded
             theirs
             :
             but
             strange
             things
             are
             ever
             best
             liked
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             saying
             of
             
               Galen
               ,
               Peregrina
               ,
               quae
               ignorant
               ,
               magis
               celebrant
               mortales
               ,
               quàm
               quod
               nativum
               est
               ,
               quodque
               esse
               praeclarum
               nôrunt
               .
            
             
             
               Mortal
               men
            
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               do
               more
               extoll
               forreign
               things
               ,
               albeit
               they
               know
               them
               not
               ;
               then
               home
               ▪
               bred
               and
               familiar
               things
               ,
               though
               they
               know
               them
               to
               be
               excellent
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Apuae
             infumatae
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             
               Red
               Sprats
            
             and
             Spurlings
             ,
             I
             vonchsafe
             them
             not
             the
             name
             of
             any
             wholesome
             nourishment
             ,
             or
             rather
             of
             no
             nourishment
             at
             all
             ;
             commending
             them
             for
             nothing
             but
             that
             they
             are
             bawdes
             to
             enforce
             appetite
             ,
             and
             serve
             well
             the
             poor
             mans
             turn
             to
             quench
             hunger
             .
          
        
         
           
             Asellus
             aridus
          
           
             Stockfish
             whilst
             is
             is
             unbeaten
             is
             called
             Buckhorne
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             so
             tough
             ;
             when
             it
             is
             beaten
             upon
             the
             stock
             ,
             it
             is
             termed
             stockfish
             .
             Rondelitius
             calleth
             the
             first
             
             
             
             
             
             
             Merlucium
             ,
             and
             Stock-fish
             Moluam
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             
               Salpa
               Plinij
            
             ,
             for
             that
             is
             a
             great
             fish
             ,
             and
             made
             tender
             
             by
             age
             and
             beating
             .
             Erasmus
             thinketh
             it
             to
             be
             called
             Stockfish
             ,
             because
             it
             nourisheth
             no
             more
             then
             a
             dryed
             stock
             :
             wherefore
             howsoever
             it
             be
             sod
             ,
             buter'd
             ,
             fried
             or
             baked
             ,
             and
             made
             both
             toothsomer
             and
             delectable
             by
             good
             and
             chargeable
             cookery
             ;
             yet
             a
             stone
             will
             be
             a
             stone
             ,
             and
             an
             ape
             an
             ape
             ,
             howsoever
             the
             one
             be
             set
             up
             for
             a
             Saint
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             apparelled
             like
             a
             Judge
             .
          
           
             The
             Stilliard
             Merchants
             lay
             it
             twenty
             four
             hours
             in
             strong
             lye
             ,
             and
             then
             as
             long
             again
             in
             warm
             waters
             ;
             afterwards
             they
             boil
             it
             in
             abundance
             of
             butter
             ,
             and
             so
             serve
             it
             in
             with
             pepper
             ,
             and
             salt
             ,
             which
             way
             (
             if
             any
             way
             )
             it
             is
             most
             nourishing
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             made
             not
             onely
             tender
             ,
             but
             also
             more
             moist
             and
             warm
             :
             Now
             let
             us
             stay
             longer
             upon
             the
             Sturgian
             ,
             esteemed
             sometime
             the
             Monarch
             of
             all
             sea-fish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Acipenser
             .
          
           
             Sturgian
             is
             thought
             of
             Mr.
             Cogan
             to
             be
             a
             fish
             of
             hard
             substance
             ,
             not
             much
             better
             (
             in
             his
             judgement
             )
             then
             Bacon
             
             or
             Brawne
             ,
             although
             for
             the
             rareness
             it
             be
             esteemed
             of
             great
             Estates
             ;
             which
             I
             will
             not
             deny
             to
             be
             true
             in
             old
             and
             resty
             Sturgian
             ;
             but
             young
             Sturgian
             is
             so
             far
             of
             from
             being
             tough
             or
             unwholesome
             ,
             that
             of
             all
             other
             fish
             it
             is
             and
             was
             ever
             most
             preferred
             :
             Severus
             and
             his
             followers
             
             did
             so
             esteem
             it
             (
             though
             Trajan
             for
             an
             in
             borne
             hatred
             could
             not
             abide
             it
             )
             that
             whensoever
             any
             great
             feast
             was
             kept
             ,
             the
             chiefe
             Gentleman
             of
             his
             Court
             carried
             up
             the
             Sturgian
             ,
             all
             gilded
             over
             with
             gold
             ,
             and
             attended
             with
             minstrelsy
             and
             carolling
             ,
             as
             though
             a
             solemn
             Pageant
             or
             Saints
             shrine
             were
             to
             be
             carried
             about
             the
             City
             .
             
             Galen
             likewise
             and
             Tully
             affirm
             it
             to
             be
             of
             a
             sweet
             delicate
             and
             good
             nourishment
             .
             Cordan
             compareth
             it
             with
             Veal
             ,
             but
             indeed
             it
             is
             far
             sweeter
             :
             Sturgians
             livers
             
             are
             so
             exceeding
             sweet
             ,
             that
             at
             Hamborough
             they
             rub
             them
             over
             with
             the
             broken
             gall
             ,
             lest
             the
             stomach
             should
             be
             cloyed
             with
             over
             swetness
             .
             The
             great
             and
             full
             grown
             Sturgians
             are
             better
             then
             the
             less
             ,
             and
             the
             Male
             then
             the
             Female
             ;
             and
             they
             which
             suck
             and
             lye
             at
             the
             mouths
             of
             Rivers
             ,
             are
             counted
             sweeter
             then
             they
             which
             are
             taken
             in
             the
             main
             sea
             ;
             it
             feeds
             not
             (
             as
             other
             fish
             do
             )
             upon
             flies
             ,
             worms
             ,
             fish-spawne
             or
             roots
             ,
             but
             sucketh
             like
             a
             Lamprey
             (
             because
             it
             hath
             no
             teeth
             )
             of
             such
             sweet
             morsels
             or
             offall
             as
             happily
             it
             findeth
             .
             One
             thing
             is
             admirable
             in
             this
             fish
             ,
             that
             albeit
             clean
             contrary
             to
             other
             fishes
             the
             scales
             turn
             toward
             the
             head
             ;
             yet
             against
             the
             side
             and
             stream
             it
             swimeth
             fasteth
             ▪
             Physicians
             forbid
             all
             Sturgian
             (
             especially
             the
             head
             and
             fore-rand
             )
             to
             aguish
             persons
             and
             such
             as
             be
             lately
             recovered
             of
             agues
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             so
             fat
             and
             oily
             ,
             that
             their
             stomachs
             will
             convert
             them
             into
             choler
             .
             At
             Danske
             and
             Hamborough
             (
             whence
             we
             have
             the
             best
             )
             sometimes
             they
             are
             roasted
             ,
             being
             stickt
             full
             of
             cloves
             ;
             but
             then
             the
             belly
             onely
             is
             toothsome
             ,
             which
             eateth
             like
             Veal
             ,
             or
             rather
             better
             ,
             if
             such
             sawce
             be
             made
             unto
             it
             as
             we
             use
             to
             roasted
             Venison
             .
             Otherwhiles
             they
             are
             broild
             and
             basted
             with
             oil
             and
             vinegar
             ,
             having
             been
             first
             a
             little
             corned
             with
             salt
             ;
             but
             if
             Sturgian
             be
             well
             sod
             ,
             and
             then
             kept
             in
             convenient
             pickle
             ,
             of
             all
             other
             preparations
             it
             is
             the
             chiefest
             ,
             being
             eaten
             with
             vinegar
             and
             sweet
             fennel
             .
          
           
             They
             are
             first
             sod
             in
             two
             parts
             of
             water
             ,
             one
             of
             white
             wine
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             white
             wine
             vinegar
             ,
             with
             sufficient
             salt
             ,
             verveine
             and
             dill
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             one
             would
             seeth
             a
             legg
             of
             Veal
             ;
             then
             being
             cold
             ,
             they
             are
             divided
             into
             jouls
             and
             rands
             ,
             and
             put
             up
             into
             barrels
             or
             kegs
             ,
             with
             store
             of
             Rhenish
             wine
             ,
             wine
             ▪
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             seawater
             ;
             wherein
             having
             lain
             half
             a
             year
             ,
             they
             become
             a
             light
             ,
             toothsome
             and
             singular
             good
             meat
             ,
             to
             an
             indifferent
             and
             temperate
             stomach
             .
             
             As
             for
             Cavialie
             ,
             or
             their
             eggs
             being
             poudred
             ,
             let
             
               Turks
               ,
               Grecians
               ,
               Venetians
            
             ,
             and
             Spaniards
             ,
             celebrate
             them
             never
             so
             much
             ,
             yet
             the
             Italian
             Proverb
             will
             ever
             be
             true
             .
          
           
             
               Chi
               mangia
               di
               Caviale
               ,
            
             
               Mangia
               moschi
               merdi
               &
               salae
               .
            
             
               He
               that
               eateth
               of
               Cavialies
               ▪
            
             
               Eateth
               falt
               ,
               dung
               ,
               and
               flies
               .
            
          
           
             I
             commend
             the
             flesh
             of
             Sturgian
             chiefly
             to
             hot
             and
             distasted
             stomachs
             ,
             to
             young
             men
             ,
             and
             especially
             in
             Sommer
             ;
             at
             which
             time
             (
             eaten
             with
             gilly-flour
             vinegar
             )
             it
             slaketh
             thirst
             ,
             sharpneth
             appetite
             ,
             setleth
             the
             stomach
             ,
             delayeth
             heat
             ,
             and
             giveth
             both
             a
             temperate
             and
             a
             sound
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Xiphij
             .
          
           
             Sword-fishes
             are
             much
             whiter
             and
             pleasanter
             in
             taste
             then
             Tunny
             ;
             but
             as
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             and
             therefore
             unworthy
             any
             longer
             discourse
             .
          
        
         
           
             Raja
             .
          
           
             
             Thornback
             ,
             which
             
               Charles
               Chester
            
             merily
             and
             not
             unfitly
             calleth
             Neptunes
             beard
             ,
             was
             extolled
             by
             Antiphanes
             in
             Athenaeus
             history
             for
             a
             dainty
             fish
             ;
             indeed
             it
             is
             of
             a
             pleasant
             taste
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             stronger
             smell
             then
             Skate
             ,
             over-moist
             to
             nourish
             much
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             much
             as
             to
             hinder
             lust
             ,
             which
             it
             mightily
             encreaseth
             .
             Albertus
             thinks
             it
             as
             hard
             to
             be
             concocted
             as
             any
             beefe
             ;
             whose
             judgement
             I
             suspect
             ,
             
             sith
             Hippocrates
             permits
             it
             in
             long
             Consumptions
             :
             Assuredly
             if
             not
             the
             flesh
             ,
             yet
             the
             liver
             is
             marvelous
             sweet
             and
             of
             great
             nourishment
             ,
             which
             the
             very
             taste
             and
             consistence
             thereof
             will
             sufficiently
             demonstrate
             .
             Thorneback
             is
             good
             sodden
             ,
             especially
             the
             liver
             of
             it
             ,
             
             though
             Dorion
             the
             Musitian
             said
             ,
             That
             a
             sodden
             
             Thornback
             is
             like
             a
             piece
             of
             sodden
             Cloth
             ;
             but
             the
             flesh
             is
             best
             broiled
             after
             it
             hath
             been
             sodden
             ▪
             to
             consume
             the
             watrishness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Thynni
             .
          
           
             Tunies
             are
             best
             when
             they
             are
             leanest
             ;
             namely
             ,
             towards
             the
             Fall
             and
             the
             dead
             of
             Winter
             .
             When
             they
             are
             at
             the
             best
             ,
             their
             flesh
             is
             unsavoury
             enough
             ,
             cloying
             an
             indifferent
             stomach
             ,
             and
             engendering
             most
             gross
             and
             superfluous
             moistures
             .
             As
             Porpesses
             must
             be
             baked
             while
             they
             are
             new
             ,
             so
             Tunny
             is
             never
             good
             till
             it
             have
             been
             long
             pouldred
             with
             salt
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             coriander
             ,
             and
             hot
             spices
             .
             No
             Tunny
             lives
             past
             two
             years
             ,
             waxing
             so
             fat
             that
             their
             bellies
             break
             :
             at
             which
             time
             more
             gain
             is
             made
             of
             their
             fat
             ,
             by
             making
             Train-oyl
             for
             Clothiers
             ,
             then
             good
             by
             their
             flesh
             ;
             which
             is
             only
             good
             ,
             (
             if
             good
             at
             all
             )
             for
             Spanish
             and
             Italian
             Mariners
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rhombi
             .
          
           
             Turbuts
             ,
             which
             some
             call
             the
             Sea-Pheasant
             ,
             were
             in
             old
             time
             counted
             so
             good
             and
             delicate
             ,
             that
             this
             Proverb
             grew
             upon
             them
             ,
             
               Nihil
               ad
               Rhombum
            
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               What
               is
               all
               this
               in
               comparison
               of
               a
               Turbutt
               .
            
             Verily
             ,
             whilst
             they
             be
             young
             ,
             (
             at
             which
             time
             they
             are
             called
             Butts
             )
             their
             flesh
             is
             moist
             ,
             tender
             ,
             white
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             ;
             afterwards
             they
             are
             harder
             to
             be
             digested
             ,
             though
             more
             crumbling
             to
             feel
             to
             :
             and
             as
             their
             prickles
             wax
             longer
             ,
             so
             their
             flesh
             waxeth
             tougher
             .
             They
             are
             best
             being
             sodden
             as
             you
             seeth
             Thornback
             ;
             or
             rather
             as
             you
             seeth
             a
             grown
             Plaise
             .
          
        
         
           
             Balaenae
             .
          
           
             
             Whales
             flesh
             is
             the
             hardest
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             and
             unusuall
             to
             be
             eaten
             of
             our
             Countrymen
             ,
             no
             not
             when
             they
             are
             very
             young
             and
             tenderest
             ;
             yet
             the
             livers
             of
             Whales
             ,
             Sturgians
             ,
             and
             Dolphins
             smell
             like
             violets
             ,
             taste
             most
             pleasantly
             being
             salted
             ,
             and
             give
             competent
             nourishment
             as
             Cardan
             writeth
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Onisci
             .
             Albulae
             .
             Molliculae
             .
          
           
             Whitings
             had
             never
             staid
             so
             long
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             England
             (
             where
             they
             are
             never
             wanting
             upon
             a
             fish
             day
             )
             unless
             they
             had
             done
             some
             notable
             service
             ,
             and
             still
             deserved
             their
             entertainment
             ;
             the
             best
             Whitings
             are
             taken
             in
             Tweede
             ,
             called
             Merlings
             ,
             of
             like
             shape
             and
             vertue
             with
             ours
             ,
             but
             far
             bigger
             ;
             all
             Physitians
             allow
             them
             for
             a
             light
             ,
             wholesome
             and
             good
             meat
             ,
             not
             denying
             them
             to
             sick
             persons
             ,
             and
             highly
             commending
             them
             to
             such
             as
             be
             in
             health
             ;
             they
             are
             good
             sodden
             with
             salt
             and
             time
             ,
             and
             their
             livers
             are
             very
             restorative
             ,
             yea
             more
             then
             of
             other
             fishes
             :
             they
             are
             also
             good
             broild
             ,
             and
             dried
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             Stockfish
             into
             little
             Buckhorne
             ;
             but
             then
             they
             are
             fitter
             (
             as
             Stockfish
             is
             )
             to
             dry
             up
             moistures
             in
             a
             rhumatick
             stomach
             ,
             then
             to
             nourish
             the
             body
             .
          
        
         
           
             Colybdaenae
             .
          
           
             
             Yards
             or
             shamefishes
             (
             so
             called
             because
             they
             resemble
             
             the
             yard
             of
             a
             man
             )
             are
             by
             Galens
             judgement
             as
             agreeable
             to
             weak
             stomachs
             ,
             as
             Crabs
             ,
             Shrimps
             ,
             &
             Crevisses
             .
             Gesner
             in
             his
             book
             of
             fishes
             ,
             saith
             that
             the
             French
             men
             call
             this
             
             fish
             the
             Asses-prick
             ,
             and
             Dr
             Wotton
             termeth
             it
             grosly
             the
             
               Pintle
               fish
            
             .
             How
             shameful
             a
             name
             so
             ever
             it
             beareth
             ,
             it
             needs
             not
             be
             ashamed
             of
             his
             vertues
             ;
             for
             it
             nourisheth
             much
             ,
             is
             light
             of
             concoction
             ,
             and
             encreaseth
             nature
             .
          
           
             
               Yellow
               heads
            
             or
             Giltpoles
             are
             before
             spoken
             of
             ,
             next
             before
             Gurnards
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             Sea
             fish
             ;
             now
             fresh
             water
             fish
             challenge
             their
             due
             remembrance
             ,
             of
             which
             we
             will
             treat
             in
             the
             next
             Chapter
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XIX
           .
        
         
           Of
           Fresh
           water
           Fish
           .
        
         
           
             Apium
             .
          
           
             
             ALderlings
             are
             a
             kind
             of
             fish
             betwixt
             a
             Trout
             and
             a
             Grayling
             ,
             scaled
             (
             as
             the
             Trout
             is
             not
             )
             but
             not
             so
             great
             scaled
             as
             the
             Grailing
             is
             ;
             It
             lyeth
             ever
             in
             a
             deep
             water
             ,
             under
             some
             old
             and
             great
             alder
             ,
             his
             flesh
             being
             sod
             smelleth
             like
             to
             wild
             parsly
             ,
             whereupon
             I
             guess
             it
             had
             his
             Latin
             name
             ,
             and
             is
             of
             indifferent
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             provoketh
             urine
             .
          
        
         
           
             Barbellio
             .
          
           
             
             Barbels
             are
             counted
             nothing
             but
             bearded-mullets
             ;
             It
             is
             most
             likely
             that
             this
             is
             the
             fish
             dedicated
             to
             Diana
             the
             Goddess
             of
             chastity
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             a
             very
             cold
             ,
             moist
             and
             gellied
             fish
             ,
             hurting
             the
             sinews
             ,
             quenching
             lust
             ,
             and
             greatly
             
             troubling
             both
             head
             and
             belly
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             usually
             and
             much
             
             eaten
             of
             ;
             some
             eat
             it
             hot
             after
             it
             is
             sodden
             in
             wine
             vinegar
             ,
             time
             ,
             and
             savory
             (
             which
             is
             a
             good
             way
             to
             correct
             it
             )
             others
             eat
             it
             cold
             laid
             in
             gelly
             ,
             which
             onely
             agreeth
             with
             hot
             and
             aguish
             stomachs
             in
             Summer
             time
             ;
             assuredly
             the
             eggs
             or
             spawne
             of
             Barbels
             is
             very
             sharp
             ,
             griping
             and
             corrosive
             ,
             driving
             many
             into
             bloody
             fluxes
             that
             have
             eaten
             them
             fasting
             .
          
        
         
           
             Abramides
             .
          
           
             Breams
             seem
             no
             other
             then
             flat
             Carps
             ;
             yet
             whiter
             of
             flesh
             ,
             and
             finer
             nourishment
             .
             There
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             Bream
             called
             
               Scarus
               ruminas
            
             ,
             which
             we
             call
             a
             Cudbream
             ,
             because
             his
             lips
             are
             ever
             wagging
             like
             a
             Cow
             chawing
             the
             cud
             :
             this
             of
             all
             other
             is
             the
             lightest
             ,
             sweetest
             ,
             and
             best
             fish
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             fitter
             for
             weak
             and
             sick
             persons
             then
             
             such
             as
             be
             in
             health
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             so
             fine
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             very
             good
             way
             how
             to
             dress
             most
             part
             of
             scaled
             fishes
             .
          
           
             Prepare
             it
             after
             this
             sort
             ,
             set
             on
             a
             good
             quantity
             of
             white
             strong
             vinegar
             ▪
             and
             stale
             Ale
             ,
             with
             a
             cursey
             of
             salt
             ,
             a
             little
             mints
             ,
             origanum
             ,
             parsly
             and
             rosemary
             ;
             and
             when
             your
             liquor
             boileth
             fast
             upon
             the
             fire
             ,
             stop
             the
             mouth
             of
             your
             Bream
             with
             a
             nutmeg
             thrust
             downe
             into
             his
             throat
             ,
             and
             cast
             him
             in
             skipping
             into
             the
             liquor
             keeping
             him
             downe
             till
             he
             be
             thorow
             dead
             and
             perfectly
             sodden
             :
             dress
             Pikes
             ,
             Roches
             ,
             Carps
             ,
             Grailings
             ,
             Mullets
             ,
             and
             all
             great
             fish
             of
             the
             River
             in
             the
             like
             sort
             ;
             for
             it
             will
             make
             them
             to
             eat
             pleasant
             ,
             crisp
             ,
             brittle
             ,
             and
             firm
             ,
             not
             watrish
             and
             flaggy
             ,
             as
             most
             fish
             do
             ,
             because
             we
             know
             not
             how
             to
             use
             and
             order
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Alburni
             .
          
           
             Bleyes
             or
             Bleaks
             are
             soft
             flesht
             ,
             but
             never
             fat
             ;
             fitter
             to
             feed
             Pikes
             then
             to
             nourish
             men
             ;
             in
             the
             heat
             of
             Sommer
             they
             are
             troubled
             with
             a
             worme
             in
             their
             stomach
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             so
             mad
             and
             frantick
             ,
             that
             rowing
             upon
             the
             Thames
             you
             shall
             have
             three
             or
             four
             in
             an
             evening
             leap
             into
             your
             boat
             :
             A
             waterman
             once
             opened
             one
             ,
             and
             found
             a
             little
             worm
             in
             it
             ,
             not
             unlike
             to
             them
             which
             grow
             in
             oxens
             skins
             (
             wherewith
             they
             are
             often
             enraged
             )
             but
             far
             less
             ;
             they
             are
             counted
             a
             tender
             ,
             but
             never
             any
             wholesome
             meat
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             so
             subject
             to
             frensy
             and
             giddiness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cyprini
             .
             Carpiones
             .
          
           
             Carps
             are
             of
             a
             sweet
             taste
             ,
             and
             much
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             in
             which
             respects
             they
             were
             dedicated
             to
             Venus
             ,
             discommended
             for
             nothing
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             will
             not
             last
             long
             ;
             wherefore
             they
             are
             forthwith
             to
             be
             drest
             ,
             because
             
             (
             through
             lightness
             of
             their
             substance
             )
             they
             will
             soon
             corrupt
             .
             The
             Portugals
             suppose
             that
             Carps
             feed
             upon
             gold
             ,
             because
             nothing
             almost
             is
             found
             in
             their
             bellies
             ,
             but
             
             a
             yellow
             glistering
             sand
             ;
             which
             opinion
             is
             also
             encreased
             ,
             in
             that
             they
             lye
             onely
             at
             the
             bottome
             of
             waters
             :
             The
             River
             Carp
             is
             most
             wholesome
             ;
             if
             the
             ground
             of
             that
             River
             be
             gravel
             or
             clean
             sand
             ;
             otherwise
             take
             them
             out
             of
             gravelly
             ponds
             fed
             with
             springs
             ,
             and
             fatted
             with
             convenient
             meat
             ;
             where
             they
             will
             not
             onely
             encrease
             mightily
             in
             number
             and
             bigness
             ,
             but
             also
             get
             a
             very
             pleasant
             taste
             and
             a
             wholesome
             nature
             :
             The
             middle
             sised
             Carp
             is
             ever
             best
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             times
             ,
             ages
             and
             complexions
             .
             The
             Tongue
             is
             the
             most
             nourishing
             part
             of
             all
             ,
             but
             the
             spawne
             is
             heavy
             and
             unwholesome
             howsoever
             it
             be
             drest
             .
             The
             head
             of
             a
             Carp
             ,
             the
             tail
             of
             a
             Pike
             ,
             and
             the
             Belly
             of
             a
             Bream
             are
             most
             esteemed
             ,
             for
             their
             tenderness
             ,
             shortness
             ,
             and
             well
             rellishing
             .
             Some
             bake
             a
             Carp
             with
             spice
             ,
             fruit
             ,
             and
             butter
             ;
             but
             in
             my
             judgment
             being
             sodden
             like
             a
             Bream
             ,
             it
             is
             of
             as
             good
             a
             taste
             and
             better
             nourishment
             .
             A
             red
             Cavialie
             is
             made
             of
             their
             spawne
             in
             Italy
             ;
             much
             eaten
             and
             desired
             of
             the
             Iewes
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             dare
             not
             eat
             of
             the
             Cavialie
             of
             Sturgians
             ,
             Seales
             ,
             and
             Tunny
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             onely
             to
             feed
             upon
             scaled
             fish
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             carry
             fins
             :
             above
             all
             things
             see
             that
             your
             Carps
             stink
             not
             of
             mud
             nor
             fenny
             filth
             ;
             for
             they
             cannot
             then
             be
             wholesome
             for
             mans
             body
             .
          
        
         
           
             Locustellae
             .
             Astaci
             .
             Carabi
             .
          
           
             Crevisses
             and
             Shrimps
             were
             appointed
             by
             God
             saith
             Dorion
             (
             as
             Athenaeus
             writeth
             )
             for
             quezy
             stomachs
             ,
             and
             give
             also
             a
             kind
             of
             exercise
             for
             such
             as
             be
             weak
             :
             for
             head
             and
             brest
             must
             first
             be
             divided
             from
             their
             bodies
             ;
             then
             each
             of
             them
             must
             be
             dis
             scaled
             ,
             and
             clean
             picked
             with
             much
             pidling
             ;
             then
             the
             long
             gut
             lying
             along
             the
             back
             of
             the
             Crevisse
             is
             to
             be
             voided
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             the
             small
             clawes
             are
             to
             be
             broken
             ,
             wherein
             lyeth
             part
             of
             the
             best
             meat
             .
             Crevisses
             feed
             upon
             fish
             ,
             water-herbs
             ,
             and
             sweet
             clay
             ;
             but
             most
             gladly
             upon
             the
             livers
             of
             young
             beasts
             ;
             before
             
             we
             are
             to
             use
             them
             ,
             it
             were
             good
             to
             diet
             them
             in
             a
             cistern
             with
             crumbs
             of
             white
             bread
             for
             three
             or
             four
             dayes
             together
             ,
             so
             will
             they
             be
             cleans`d
             of
             all
             impurities
             ,
             and
             give
             a
             more
             strong
             and
             fine
             nourishment
             .
             They
             should
             be
             sodden
             in
             the
             water
             whence
             they
             were
             taken
             with
             a
             little
             salt
             ;
             and
             never
             kept
             above
             a
             day
             after
             ,
             for
             they
             will
             soon
             smell
             and
             putrifie
             :
             we
             do
             foolishly
             to
             eat
             them
             last
             ,
             being
             a
             fine
             temperate
             and
             nourishing
             meat
             .
             They
             are
             best
             from
             the
             Spring
             until
             Autumn
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             full
             of
             the
             Moon
             they
             are
             most
             commendable
             .
             The
             Females
             likewise
             are
             better
             then
             the
             Males
             ,
             which
             a
             wise
             man
             will
             soon
             discern
             :
             for
             consumed
             persons
             they
             are
             first
             to
             be
             washed
             in
             barly
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             be
             sodden
             in
             milk
             (
             being
             first
             dis-caled
             )
             till
             they
             be
             tender
             ;
             according
             as
             before
             I
             wrote
             of
             Shrimps
             .
          
        
         
           
             Leucisci
             .
          
           
             
             Daces
             ,
             or
             Darts
             ,
             or
             Dares
             be
             of
             a
             sweet
             taste
             ,
             a
             soft
             flesh
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             either
             sod
             or
             broild
             ;
             or
             pickled
             like
             Anchovaes
             after
             the
             Italian
             manner
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anguillae
             .
          
           
             Eeles
             have
             so
             sweet
             a
             flesh
             ,
             that
             they
             and
             Lampreyes
             were
             dedicated
             to
             that
             filthy
             Goddess
             Gula
             or
             gluttony
             ;
             yet
             withall
             it
             is
             so
             unwholesome
             ,
             that
             some
             Zoilus
             or
             
             Momus
             would
             have
             accused
             nature
             ,
             for
             putting
             so
             sweet
             a
             taste
             into
             so
             dangerous
             a
             meat
             :
             for
             Eeles
             (
             as
             Hippocrates
             writeth
             )
             live
             most
             willingly
             in
             muddy
             places
             :
             and
             in
             his
             Epidemiques
             he
             rehearseth
             many
             mischiefs
             to
             have
             happened
             to
             divers
             through
             eating
             of
             Eeles
             ;
             they
             give
             much
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             very
             corruptible
             :
             they
             loosen
             the
             belly
             ,
             but
             bring
             fluxes
             ,
             they
             open
             the
             wind-pipes
             ,
             but
             stop
             the
             liver
             ;
             they
             clear
             the
             voice
             ,
             but
             infect
             the
             lungs
             ;
             they
             encrease
             seed
             ,
             but
             yet
             no
             good
             seed
             :
             finally
             they
             bring
             agues
             ,
             hurt
             the
             stomach
             and
             kidneys
             ,
             engender
             gravel
             ,
             cause
             the
             strangury
             ,
             sharpen
             the
             gout
             ,
             
             and
             fill
             us
             full
             of
             many
             diseases
             ;
             they
             are
             worst
             in
             Sommer
             ,
             but
             never
             wholesom
             :
             the
             elder
             ones
             are
             least
             hurtful
             and
             if
             any
             be
             harmless
             it
             is
             the
             silver-bellied
             and
             the
             sandy
             Eele
             .
             
               Arnoldus
               de
               villa
               nova
            
             ,
             saith
             that
             no
             Eele
             is
             
             free
             from
             a
             venemous
             malignity
             and
             a
             kind
             of
             gluish
             suffocating
             juice
             .
             But
             Jovius
             reporteth
             that
             some
             
             Eeles
             are
             engendred
             in
             a
             little
             River
             by
             Cremona
             ,
             less
             a
             great
             deal
             ,
             then
             our
             little
             griggs
             ,
             hurtful
             in
             no
             disease
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             pure
             wholesome
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ;
             which
             I
             will
             believe
             because
             so
             grave
             a
             Chronicler
             reporteth
             it
             :
             otherwise
             I
             should
             think
             ill
             with
             Hippocrates
             of
             all
             Eeles
             ,
             even
             of
             those
             little
             ones
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Eeles
             in
             Ganges
             ,
             which
             are
             thirty
             foot
             long
             ,
             as
             Pliny
             writeth
             :
             Verily
             
             when
             Eeles
             only
             sink
             to
             the
             bottom
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             fishes
             float
             after
             they
             are
             dead
             ,
             it
             cannot
             but
             argue
             them
             to
             be
             of
             a
             muddy
             nature
             ,
             little
             participating
             of
             that
             a●ereal
             substance
             which
             moveth
             and
             lightneth
             other
             fishes
             .
             Again
             sith
             like
             an
             Owle
             it
             never
             comes
             abroad
             to
             feed
             but
             in
             the
             night
             time
             ;
             it
             argueth
             a
             melancholick
             disposition
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             a
             likelihood
             to
             beget
             the
             like
             in
             us
             .
             Great
             Eeles
             are
             best
             roasted
             and
             broild
             ,
             because
             their
             maligne
             humour
             lieth
             more
             next
             under
             the
             skin
             then
             in
             their
             flesh
             ,
             which
             is
             corrected
             or
             evapourated
             by
             the
             fire
             .
             Next
             of
             all
             they
             are
             best
             poudred
             and
             sowced
             ,
             and
             baked
             with
             butter
             ,
             salt
             ,
             and
             pepper
             ;
             but
             worst
             being
             sodden
             in
             water
             ,
             ale
             ,
             and
             yeast
             ,
             as
             commonly
             they
             are
             ;
             for
             the
             yeast
             addeth
             one
             maglinnity
             to
             another
             ,
             and
             doth
             more
             hurt
             then
             I
             can
             express
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             liver
             ,
             and
             blood
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rhombi
             fluviatiles
             .
          
           
             Flounders
             if
             they
             be
             thick
             and
             well
             grown
             are
             a
             most
             wholesome
             and
             light
             meat
             ,
             being
             sod
             with
             water
             and
             verjuice
             ,
             or
             fried
             with
             vinegar
             and
             butter
             ;
             but
             the
             little
             Flounders
             called
             Dabs
             as
             they
             are
             little
             esteemed
             of
             ,
             so
             their
             watrish
             and
             flaggy
             flesh
             doth
             justly
             deserve
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Thymi
             .
          
           
             Grailings
             called
             both
             of
             Greeks
             and
             Latins
             Thymi
             ,
             because
             their
             flesh
             smelleth
             like
             thime
             when
             they
             be
             in
             season
             ,
             are
             a
             white
             ,
             firm
             ,
             and
             yet
             a
             tender
             meat
             ,
             tasting
             no
             worse
             then
             it
             smels
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             plentifully
             .
             Seeth
             it
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             as
             was
             described
             in
             our
             Treatise
             before
             of
             dressing
             Breams
             ,
             and
             you
             will
             find
             few
             fishes
             comparable
             unto
             it
             ;
             of
             all
             scaled
             fishes
             they
             only
             want
             a
             gall
             ,
             which
             perhaps
             is
             the
             cause
             of
             their
             greater
             excellency
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gobiones
             .
          
           
             Gudgins
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             one
             whiter
             and
             very
             little
             ,
             the
             other
             bigger
             and
             blackish
             ;
             both
             are
             as
             wholesome
             as
             a
             Perch
             ;
             but
             if
             any
             be
             found
             yellowish
             ,
             they
             are
             dry
             ,
             
             lean
             and
             unseasonable
             .
             Galen
             commendeth
             their
             flesh
             exceedingly
             ,
             not
             onely
             because
             it
             is
             short
             and
             pleasant
             in
             taste
             ,
             being
             fat
             and
             friable
             ;
             but
             also
             for
             that
             it
             is
             soon
             concocted
             ,
             nourisheth
             much
             ,
             and
             encreaseth
             good
             blood
             .
             They
             are
             best
             which
             lye
             about
             rocky
             and
             gravelly
             places
             ,
             for
             fenny
             and
             lake
             Gudgeons
             be
             not
             wholesome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Paganelli
             .
          
           
             Rondeletius
             in
             his
             book
             of
             fishes
             ,
             mentioneth
             two
             
               Sea
               Gudgins
            
             called
             Paganelli
             of
             a
             far
             greater
             length
             and
             bigness
             then
             ours
             are
             of
             ,
             which
             our
             Western
             fishermen
             call
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Sea-cobs
             :
             they
             sometimes
             come
             up
             the
             River
             of
             Vske
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             taken
             and
             brought
             to
             Exceter
             ,
             and
             accounted
             (
             as
             they
             are
             indeed
             )
             a
             most
             sound
             ,
             light
             ,
             wholesom
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Capitones
             .
          
           
             
               Gulls
               ,
               Guffs
               ,
               Pulches
               ,
               Chevins
               ,
            
             and
             
               Millers
               thombs
            
             are
             a
             kind
             of
             jolt-headed
             Gudgins
             ,
             very
             sweet
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             be
             with
             spawne
             ;
             for
             their
             eggs
             are
             many
             and
             fat
             ,
             giving
             good
             nourishment
             ;
             and
             though
             their
             flesh
             be
             hard
             in
             Albertus
             judgment
             ,
             yet
             it
             never
             putrifieth
             ,
             and
             is
             well
             digested
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Funduli
             .
          
           
             Groundlings
             are
             also
             a
             kind
             of
             Gudgins
             never
             lying
             from
             the
             ground
             ,
             freckled
             as
             it
             were
             on
             each
             side
             with
             seven
             or
             eight
             spots
             ;
             they
             are
             seasonable
             in
             March
             ,
             April
             ,
             and
             May
             :
             the
             best
             lye
             lowest
             ,
             and
             feed
             finest
             ,
             sucking
             upon
             gravel
             ;
             but
             they
             which
             lye
             neer
             to
             great
             Cities
             ,
             feed
             upon
             filth
             and
             delight
             in
             the
             dead
             carcasses
             of
             men
             and
             beasts
             ,
             therefore
             called
             of
             the
             Germans
             Leijtessers
             .
          
           
             All
             sorts
             of
             Gudgins
             be
             wholesom
             either
             sod
             or
             fried
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             constitutions
             of
             body
             ,
             sicknesses
             and
             ages
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pungitij
             .
             Spinachiae
             .
          
           
             
             Hackles
             or
             Sticklebacks
             are
             supposed
             to
             come
             of
             the
             seed
             of
             fishes
             spilt
             or
             miscarrying
             in
             the
             water
             ;
             some
             think
             they
             engender
             of
             their
             own
             accord
             ,
             from
             mud
             or
             rain
             putrified
             in
             ponds
             :
             howsoever
             it
             is
             they
             are
             nought
             and
             unwholesome
             ,
             sufficient
             to
             quench
             poor
             mens
             hunger
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             nourish
             either
             rich
             or
             poor
             .
          
           
             
             Iacks
             or
             young
             Pickrels
             shall
             be
             described
             hereafter
             ,
             when
             we
             speak
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             Pikes
             .
          
           
             
             Kobs
             or
             Sea-gudgins
             (
             taken
             yet
             in
             fresh
             water
             )
             are
             before
             spoken
             of
             in
             the
             discourse
             of
             Gudgions
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lampretae
             .
             Muraenae
             .
          
           
             
             Lampreys
             and
             Lamprons
             ,
             differ
             in
             bigness
             only
             and
             in
             goodness
             ;
             they
             are
             both
             a
             very
             sweet
             and
             nourishing
             meat
             ,
             encreasing
             much
             lust
             through
             superfluous
             nourishment
             ;
             were
             they
             as
             wholesome
             as
             sweet
             ,
             I
             would
             not
             much
             discommend
             
               Lucius
               Mutaena
            
             and
             the
             Nobles
             of
             England
             for
             so
             much
             coveting
             after
             them
             :
             but
             how
             ill
             they
             are
             even
             for
             strong
             stomachs
             ,
             and
             how
             easily
             a
             man
             may
             surfet
             on
             them
             ;
             not
             onely
             the
             death
             of
             King
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             many
             brave
             men
             and
             
             Captains
             may
             sufficiently
             demonstrate
             .
             Pliny
             avoucheth
             
             that
             they
             engender
             with
             the
             land
             Snake
             :
             but
             sith
             they
             engender
             and
             have
             eggs
             at
             all
             times
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             
             I
             see
             no
             reason
             for
             it
             .
             Aristotle
             saith
             ,
             that
             another
             long
             fish
             like
             a
             Lamprey
             called
             Myrus
             is
             the
             Sire
             ;
             which
             
               Licinius
               Macer
            
             oppugneth
             ,
             affirming
             constantly
             that
             he
             hath
             found
             Lampreys
             upon
             the
             land
             engendring
             with
             Serpents
             ,
             and
             that
             Fisher-men
             counterfetting
             the
             Serpents
             hiss
             ,
             can
             call
             them
             out
             of
             the
             water
             and
             take
             them
             at
             pleasure
             .
             They
             are
             best
             (
             if
             ever
             good
             )
             in
             March
             and
             April
             ;
             for
             then
             are
             they
             so
             fat
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             in
             a
             manner
             no
             back
             bone
             at
             all
             :
             towards
             Summer
             they
             wax
             harder
             ,
             and
             then
             have
             they
             a
             manifest
             bone
             ,
             but
             their
             flesh
             is
             consumed
             :
             Seeth
             or
             bake
             them
             thoroughly
             ,
             for
             otherwise
             they
             are
             of
             hard
             and
             very
             dangerous
             digestion
             .
             Old
             men
             ,
             gowty
             men
             ,
             and
             aguish
             persons
             ,
             and
             whosoever
             is
             troubled
             in
             the
             sinews
             or
             sinewy
             parts
             ,
             should
             shun
             the
             eating
             of
             them
             no
             less
             ,
             then
             as
             if
             they
             were
             Serpents
             indeed
             .
             The
             Italians
             dress
             them
             after
             this
             sort
             ;
             first
             
             they
             beat
             them
             on
             the
             tail
             with
             a
             wand
             (
             where
             their
             life
             is
             thought
             to
             lye
             )
             till
             they
             be
             almost
             dead
             ,
             then
             they
             gagg
             their
             mouth
             with
             a
             whole
             Nutmeg
             ,
             and
             stop
             every
             oilet-hole
             with
             a
             clove
             ,
             afterwards
             they
             cast
             them
             into
             oil
             and
             malmsie
             boiling
             together
             ,
             casting
             in
             after
             them
             some
             crumbs
             of
             bread
             ,
             a
             few
             almonds
             blancht
             and
             minced
             ;
             whereby
             their
             malignity
             is
             corrected
             and
             their
             flesh
             bettered
             .
          
           
             
               Cajus
               Hercius
            
             was
             the
             first
             that
             ever
             hem'd
             them
             in
             ponds
             ,
             where
             they
             multiplied
             and
             prospered
             in
             such
             sort
             ,
             that
             at
             Caesar
             the
             Dictators
             triumphall
             suppers
             ,
             he
             gave
             him
             six
             thousand
             Lampreys
             for
             each
             supper
             ;
             he
             fed
             them
             
             with
             the
             liver
             ,
             and
             blood
             of
             beasts
             :
             but
             
               Vidius
               Pollio
            
             (
             a
             Roman
             Knight
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             Augustus
             minions
             )
             fed
             his
             Lampreys
             with
             his
             slaves
             carcasses
             ;
             not
             because
             beasts
             
             were
             not
             sufficient
             to
             feed
             them
             ,
             but
             that
             he
             took
             a
             pleasure
             
             to
             see
             a
             thousand
             Lampreys
             sucking
             altogether
             like
             horse-leeches
             upon
             one
             man.
             
          
           
             Concerning
             our
             English
             preparation
             of
             them
             ,
             a
             certain
             friend
             of
             mine
             gave
             me
             this
             Receit
             of
             bakeing
             and
             dressing
             Lampreys
             ;
             namely
             first
             to
             pouder
             them
             (
             after
             parboiling
             )
             with
             salt
             ,
             time
             ,
             origanum
             ,
             then
             either
             to
             broil
             them
             as
             Spitchcocks
             ,
             or
             to
             bake
             them
             with
             wine
             ▪
             pepper
             ,
             nutmegs
             ,
             mace
             ,
             cloves
             ,
             ginger
             and
             good
             store
             of
             butter
             .
             The
             little
             ones
             called
             Lamprons
             are
             best
             broild
             ,
             but
             the
             great
             ones
             called
             Lampreys
             are
             best
             baked
             .
             Of
             all
             our
             English
             Lampreys
             ,
             the
             Severn-dweller
             is
             most
             worthily
             commended
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             whiter
             ,
             purer
             ,
             sweeter
             ,
             and
             fatter
             ,
             and
             of
             less
             malignity
             then
             any
             other
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lochae
             .
          
           
             Loches
             ,
             meat
             (
             as
             the
             Greek
             word
             importeth
             )
             for
             women
             in
             child-bed
             ,
             are
             very
             light
             and
             of
             excellent
             nourishment
             ;
             they
             have
             a
             flesh
             like
             liver
             ,
             and
             a
             red
             spleen
             ,
             which
             are
             most
             delicate
             in
             taste
             ,
             and
             as
             wholesome
             in
             operation
             .
          
        
         
           
             Apuae
             Cobitae
             ,
             Gesneri
             .
             Aliniatae
             Caij
             .
             Phoxini
             Bellonij
             .
          
           
             
             Minoes
             ,
             so
             called
             either
             for
             their
             littleness
             ,
             or
             (
             as
             Dr.
             Cajus
             imagined
             )
             because
             their
             fins
             be
             of
             so
             lively
             a
             red
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             died
             with
             the
             true
             Cinnabre-lake
             called
             Minium
             :
             They
             are
             less
             then
             Loches
             ,
             feeding
             upon
             nothing
             ,
             but
             licking
             one
             another
             .
             Gesner
             thinks
             them
             to
             engender
             of
             the
             wast
             seed
             of
             Gudgins
             ;
             others
             that
             they
             engender
             of
             themselves
             out
             of
             unknown
             matter
             ;
             yet
             certain
             it
             is
             that
             they
             are
             ever
             full
             of
             spawn
             ,
             which
             should
             argue
             a
             natural
             copulation
             of
             them
             with
             some
             littlefish
             or
             other
             :
             they
             are
             a
             most
             delicate
             and
             light
             meat
             (
             their
             gall
             being
             warily
             voided
             without
             breaking
             )
             either
             fried
             or
             sodden
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mulli
             .
          
           
             Mullets
             of
             the
             River
             be
             of
             like
             goodness
             with
             the
             Sea-Mullets
             ,
             
             
             though
             not
             fully
             of
             so
             fine
             and
             pure
             substance
             .
             Philoxenus
             the
             Poet
             ,
             supping
             at
             the
             lower
             mess
             in
             Dionisius
             Court
             ;
             took
             suddenly
             a
             little
             leane
             Mullet
             out
             of
             the
             dish
             ▪
             and
             set
             his
             ear
             to
             the
             mouth
             of
             it
             ;
             whereat
             Dionysius
             laughing
             ,
             and
             asking
             him
             what
             newes
             ?
             marry
             (
             quoth
             he
             )
             he
             tells
             me
             of
             some
             strange
             newes
             in
             the
             River
             ,
             whereof
             none
             (
             as
             he
             saith
             )
             can
             more
             fully
             enform
             me
             then
             yonder
             great
             Mullet
             in
             the
             upper
             dish
             :
             so
             for
             his
             pleasant
             jest
             he
             got
             the
             greater
             ;
             and
             withall
             gives
             us
             to
             note
             ,
             that
             unless
             a
             Mullet
             be
             large
             and
             fat
             ,
             it
             is
             but
             a
             frivolous
             dish
             ,
             making
             a
             great
             shew
             on
             the
             Table
             ,
             but
             little
             nourishing
             ;
             how
             they
             are
             best
             to
             be
             drest
             ,
             is
             already
             specified
             when
             I
             wrote
             of
             Breams
             .
          
        
         
           
             Vetulae
          
           
             Olaffes
             ,
             or
             rather
             
               Old
               wives
            
             (
             because
             of
             their
             mumping
             and
             soure
             countenance
             )
             are
             as
             dainty
             and
             wholesome
             of
             substance
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             large
             in
             body
             ;
             it
             was
             my
             chance
             to
             buy
             one
             about
             Putny
             ,
             as
             I
             came
             from
             Mr.
             Secretary
             Walsingham
             his
             house
             about
             ten
             years
             since
             :
             which
             I
             caused
             to
             be
             boild
             with
             salt
             ,
             wine
             ,
             and
             vinegar
             ;
             and
             a
             little
             thime
             ;
             and
             I
             protest
             that
             I
             never
             did
             eat
             a
             more
             white
             firm
             ,
             dainty
             and
             wholesome
             fish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Percae
             .
          
           
             Perches
             are
             a
             most
             wholesome
             fish
             ,
             firm
             ,
             tender
             ,
             white
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             .
             Ausonius
             calleth
             them
             
               delicias
               mensae
            
             the
             delight
             of
             feasts
             ,
             preferring
             them
             before
             Pikes
             ,
             Roches
             ,
             Mullets
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             fish
             ,
             
               Eobanus
               Hessus
            
             in
             his
             poetical
             Dietary
             ,
             termeth
             them
             the
             River-partridges
             .
             Diocles
             
             the
             Physitian
             writ
             a
             just
             volumn
             in
             the
             praise
             of
             Perches
             ,
             and
             Hippocrates
             and
             Galen
             most
             highly
             extoll
             them
             .
             They
             are
             ever
             in
             season
             ,
             save
             in
             March
             and
             April
             ,
             when
             they
             spawne
             .
             As
             the
             oldest
             and
             greatest
             Eele
             is
             ever
             best
             ,
             so
             contrariwise
             the
             middle
             Perch
             and
             Pike
             is
             ever
             most
             wholesome
             .
             Seeth
             them
             in
             wine-vinegar
             ,
             water
             ,
             
             and
             salt
             ;
             and
             then
             either
             ▪
             eat
             them
             hot
             ,
             or
             cover
             them
             in
             wine-vinegar
             to
             be
             eaten
             cold
             :
             for
             so
             they
             both
             cool
             a
             distempered
             feverous
             stomach
             ,
             and
             give
             also
             much
             nourishment
             to
             a
             weak
             body
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lupi
             .
          
           
             Pikes
             or
             River-wolves
             are
             greatly
             commended
             by
             Gesner
             and
             divers
             learned
             Authors
             for
             a
             wholesom
             meat
             ,
             permitted
             ,
             yea
             enjoined
             to
             sick
             persons
             and
             women
             in
             child
             bed
             ;
             yet
             verily
             to
             speak
             like
             a
             Lawyer
             ,
             I
             cannot
             perceive
             
               quo
               warranto
            
             ;
             for
             if
             fenney
             or
             muddy-rivered
             fishes
             be
             unwholesome
             ,
             the
             Pike
             is
             not
             so
             good
             as
             Authors
             make
             him
             ,
             living
             most
             naturally
             and
             willingly
             in
             such
             places
             where
             he
             may
             fat
             himself
             with
             froggs
             and
             filth
             .
             Futhermore
             when
             a
             Pike
             is
             big
             and
             full
             grown
             ,
             is
             not
             his
             flesh
             rather
             to
             be
             counted
             hard
             ,
             then
             firm
             ;
             indeed
             I
             will
             not
             deny
             but
             a
             Pike
             of
             a
             middle
             sise
             ,
             fed
             in
             gravelly
             ponds
             with
             fresh
             livers
             of
             beasts
             ,
             sodden
             crisp
             in
             wine-vinegar
             and
             sweet-herbs
             ,
             is
             of
             no
             bad
             nourishment
             for
             any
             man
             ,
             but
             fittest
             for
             hot
             chollerick
             stomachs
             and
             young
             persons
             .
             Macrobius
             writeth
             ,
             that
             the
             best
             Pike
             is
             
             taken
             in
             a
             clear
             River
             betwixt
             two
             bridges
             ;
             but
             I
             never
             saw
             them
             fat
             in
             any
             clear
             River
             ,
             and
             therefore
             I
             suspect
             their
             goodness
             .
          
           
             Certain
             it
             is
             that
             old
             great
             Pikes
             are
             very
             hard
             ,
             tough
             ,
             and
             ill
             to
             digest
             :
             young
             ones
             (
             called
             Jacks
             )
             are
             contrariwise
             to
             watrish
             and
             moist
             .
             Chuse
             therefore
             one
             of
             a
             middle
             growth
             ▪
             for
             it
             is
             most
             likely
             to
             nourish
             us
             best
             .
             The
             Germans
             having
             split
             them
             along
             the
             back
             ,
             thrust
             their
             tails
             into
             their
             mouths
             ,
             and
             then
             fry
             them
             a
             little
             with
             sweet
             butter
             ,
             then
             they
             take
             them
             out
             of
             the
             frying
             pan
             ,
             and
             boil
             them
             (
             as
             long
             as
             one
             would
             seeth
             an
             egg
             )
             with
             wine
             ,
             water
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             salt
             ,
             gallopping
             on
             the
             fire
             ,
             and
             last
             of
             all
             having
             sprinckled
             it
             over
             with
             the
             
             powder
             of
             cloves
             ,
             cinamon
             and
             ginger
             ,
             they
             serve
             it
             to
             the
             Table
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rutili
             .
          
           
             Roches
             ,
             or
             Roch
             fishes
             (
             called
             so
             of
             Saint
             Roch
             that
             
               Legendary
               Aesculapius
            
             and
             giver
             of
             health
             )
             are
             esteemed
             and
             thought
             uncapable
             of
             any
             disease
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             old
             Proverb
             ,
             
               As
               sound
               as
               a
               Roch.
            
             Hence
             have
             men
             collected
             ,
             that
             the
             flesh
             of
             them
             is
             light
             ,
             sound
             ,
             and
             wholesome
             ;
             which
             verily
             is
             not
             to
             be
             denied
             ,
             being
             sodden
             like
             a
             Bream
             :
             they
             are
             full
             of
             bones
             ,
             which
             maketh
             them
             the
             less
             regarded
             ,
             though
             wisemen
             know
             well
             enough
             ,
             that
             roses
             are
             roses
             ,
             albeit
             their
             tree
             be
             dangerous
             and
             full
             of
             thornes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cernuae
             Aspredines
             .
          
           
             Ruffs
             or
             Ruggels
             are
             not
             much
             unlike
             to
             Perches
             ,
             for
             the
             goodness
             of
             their
             flesh
             ,
             though
             their
             skin
             be
             rougher
             :
             the
             best
             live
             in
             sandy
             places
             ,
             where
             they
             wax
             exceeding
             fat
             and
             sweet
             ;
             dress
             them
             as
             you
             do
             perches
             :
             some
             take
             them
             for
             the
             Base
             ;
             and
             verily
             by
             Gesners
             description
             they
             disagree
             as
             much
             as
             nothing
             .
          
        
         
           
             Salmones
             .
          
           
             Salmons
             are
             of
             a
             fatty
             ,
             tender
             ,
             short
             ,
             and
             sweet
             flesh
             ,
             quickly
             filling
             the
             stomach
             and
             soon
             glutting
             .
             Gesner
             commendeth
             them
             that
             go
             fardest
             up
             into
             fresh
             Rivers
             ,
             accounting
             them
             worst
             which
             are
             taken
             nearest
             the
             Sea
             ;
             which
             I
             find
             to
             be
             true
             in
             the
             difference
             betwixt
             the
             Salmons
             of
             upper
             Severn
             (
             betwixt
             Shrewsbury
             and
             Beaudly
             )
             and
             the
             Salmons
             taken
             betwixt
             Glocester
             and
             Bristowe
             .
             Nevertheless
             if
             they
             go
             too
             high
             up
             the
             River
             ,
             they
             wax
             leaner
             for
             want
             of
             sufficient
             nourishment
             ,
             as
             manifestly
             appeareth
             (
             which
             I
             my self
             have
             seen
             )
             in
             the
             Salmon
             of
             the
             Rhine
             taken
             at
             Ringfielden
             beyond
             Basel
             ,
             and
             at
             Oppenheim
             above
             the
             City
             of
             Ments
             .
             Salmons
             come
             in
             and
             go
             out
             with
             the
             Buck
             ;
             for
             towards
             Winter
             
             they
             wax
             kipper
             ,
             full
             of
             kernels
             under
             their
             throate
             like
             a
             measeld
             hogg
             ,
             and
             lose
             both
             their
             redness
             of
             flesh
             ,
             and
             also
             the
             pleasure
             of
             tast
             which
             else
             it
             giveth
             :
             they
             are
             to
             be
             sodden
             wholly
             in
             wine
             ,
             or
             wholly
             in
             water
             ;
             for
             if
             they
             be
             sodden
             in
             both
             ,
             they
             prove
             tough
             and
             unpleasant
             :
             it
             is
             best
             to
             seeth
             them
             in
             wine
             vinegar
             and
             salt
             ,
             or
             else
             parboile
             them
             onely
             in
             water
             ,
             being
             cut
             into
             certain
             pieces
             ,
             and
             having
             stickt
             those
             pieces
             full
             of
             cloves
             ,
             broil
             them
             upon
             a
             gridiron
             ,
             and
             bast
             them
             with
             butter
             ,
             and
             serve
             them
             in
             with
             sawce
             made
             of
             vinegar
             ,
             cinamon
             and
             sugar
             .
             Some
             have
             pickled
             Salmon
             as
             Sturgian
             is
             used
             ,
             and
             find
             it
             to
             be
             as
             dainty
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             wholesom
             ;
             but
             salt
             Salmon
             loseth
             a
             double
             goodness
             ,
             the
             one
             of
             a
             good
             taste
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             a
             good
             nourishment
             .
             Hot
             Salmon
             is
             counted
             unwholesome
             in
             England
             ,
             and
             suspected
             as
             a
             leprous
             meat
             ,
             without
             all
             reason
             ;
             for
             if
             it
             be
             sodden
             in
             wine
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             well
             spiced
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             danger
             of
             any
             such
             accident
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             
               Salmon
               peales
            
             (
             which
             indeed
             are
             nothing
             but
             
               Sea
               ▪
               Trouts
            
             )
             howsoever
             they
             be
             highly
             commended
             of
             the
             Western
             and
             Welch
             people
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             never
             enough
             commended
             ,
             being
             a
             more
             light
             ,
             wholesom
             ,
             and
             well
             tasted
             meat
             then
             the
             Salmon
             it self
             .
          
        
         
           
             Salmunculi
             .
          
           
             Shuins
             ,
             seem
             unto
             me
             akind
             of
             Salmon
             ,
             whereof
             plenty
             is
             taken
             in
             the
             River
             running
             by
             Cardiff
             castle
             :
             but
             it
             surpasseth
             the
             Salmon
             as
             much
             in
             goodness
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             surpassed
             by
             him
             in
             length
             and
             greatness
             ;
             boil
             it
             in
             wine
             vinegar
             salt
             ,
             and
             sweet
             herbs
             ,
             and
             you
             shall
             find
             it
             a
             delicate
             and
             wholesome
             fish
             .
          
        
         
           
             Violaceae
             .
             Epelani
             Rondeletij
             .
          
           
             Smellts
             are
             so
             called
             ,
             because
             they
             smell
             so
             sweet
             ;
             yea
             if
             you
             draw
             them
             ,
             and
             then
             dry
             them
             in
             a
             shadowy
             place
             ,
             (
             being
             seasonably
             taken
             )
             they
             still
             retain
             a
             smell
             as
             it
             
             were
             of
             violets
             .
             Their
             flesh
             is
             of
             the
             finest
             ,
             lightest
             ,
             softest
             ,
             and
             best
             juce
             of
             all
             other
             fish
             ;
             their
             excellency
             is
             in
             winter
             ,
             and
             whensoever
             they
             are
             full
             of
             spawne
             .
             Western
             smelts
             have
             the
             greatest
             commendation
             for
             their
             greatness
             and
             goodness
             .
             Void
             the
             gall
             cleanly
             ,
             and
             then
             use
             the
             livers
             ,
             guts
             ,
             bellies
             ,
             and
             fat
             for
             great
             restoratives
             .
             The
             best
             are
             taken
             by
             Kew
             and
             Brainford
             within
             eight
             miles
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             at
             Westchester
             .
             Seeth
             them
             in
             hot
             boiling
             water
             and
             salt
             ,
             and
             take
             them
             out
             as
             soon
             as
             they
             are
             sodden
             ;
             for
             lying
             long
             in
             the
             water
             they
             will
             wax
             flaggy
             :
             their
             sawce
             is
             butter
             and
             verjuce
             mingled
             with
             a
             little
             gross
             pepper
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             fry
             them
             in
             butter
             ,
             eat
             them
             with
             the
             juice
             of
             civil-orenges
             ;
             for
             that
             is
             their
             best
             sawce
             .
          
        
         
           
             Truttae
             .
          
           
             Trouts
             are
             so
             great
             in
             Northumberland
             ,
             that
             they
             seem
             thicker
             then
             Salmons
             ,
             and
             are
             therefore
             called
             Bull-trouts
             ;
             there
             are
             especially
             two
             sorts
             of
             them
             ,
             Red-trouts
             resembling
             little
             fresh-water
             Salmons
             ,
             and
             therefore
             termed
             Salmon-trouts
             ;
             and
             Gray-trouts
             or
             Skurffs
             ,
             which
             keep
             not
             in
             the
             chanel
             of
             Bournes
             or
             Rivers
             ,
             but
             lurk
             like
             the
             Alderlings
             under
             the
             roots
             of
             great
             Alders
             ;
             they
             are
             both
             a
             very
             pleasant
             and
             good
             meat
             for
             sound
             persons
             :
             but
             they
             are
             fouly
             mistaken
             ▪
             which
             prefer
             them
             in
             agues
             before
             Perches
             ,
             (
             whose
             flesh
             is
             tender
             ,
             friable
             ,
             light
             ,
             of
             good
             juice
             ,
             and
             speedy
             concoction
             )
             when
             they
             are
             in
             no
             one
             thing
             comparable
             unto
             them
             :
             they
             are
             best
             being
             sodden
             like
             a
             Bream
             and
             eaten
             hot
             ,
             for
             being
             eaten
             cold
             they
             lose
             much
             of
             their
             grace
             and
             more
             of
             their
             goodness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Tincae
             .
          
           
             Tenches
             are
             naturally
             such
             friends
             to
             Pikes
             ,
             that
             pitty
             it
             is
             they
             should
             be
             separated
             ;
             yet
             sith
             I
             have
             followed
             the
             order
             of
             the
             Alphabet
             ,
             I
             could
             not
             but
             
             divide
             them
             in
             name
             though
             they
             agree
             in
             nature
             .
             Old
             writers
             hardly
             vouchsafe
             to
             mention
             them
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             onely
             esteemed
             as
             beggers
             meat
             ;
             the
             very
             feeling
             and
             smell
             of
             them
             ,
             shew
             ,
             that
             a
             Tench
             is
             but
             a
             muddy
             and
             slimy
             fish
             .
             Albertus
             living
             1252
             years
             after
             Christ
             ,
             was
             the
             first
             that
             ever
             wrote
             of
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Tench
             .
             His
             flesh
             is
             stopping
             ,
             slimy
             ,
             viscous
             ,
             and
             very
             unwholesome
             ;
             and
             (
             as
             
               Alexander
               Benedictus
            
             writeth
             )
             of
             a
             most
             unclean
             and
             damnable
             nourishment
             .
             
               Antonius
               Gazius
            
             saith
             ,
             that
             a
             fried
             Tench
             is
             a
             secret
             poison
             :
             and
             I
             remember
             that
             Dr.
             Cajus
             (
             whose
             learning
             I
             reverence
             )
             was
             wont
             to
             call
             Tenches
             good
             plaisters
             ,
             but
             bad
             nourishers
             .
             For
             indeed
             being
             outwardly
             laid
             to
             the
             soles
             of
             ones
             feet
             ,
             they
             oftentimes
             draw
             away
             the
             ague
             ;
             but
             inwardly
             taken
             they
             engender
             palsies
             ,
             stop
             the
             lungs
             ,
             putrifie
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             bring
             a
             man
             that
             much
             eats
             them
             to
             infinite
             diseases
             ;
             they
             are
             very
             hard
             of
             digestion
             ,
             burdensome
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             encreasing
             slimy
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             breeding
             palsies
             ,
             and
             appoplexies
             in
             the
             head
             :
             From
             May
             to
             November
             they
             are
             very
             dangerous
             ;
             afterwards
             ,
             hot
             cholerick
             and
             labouring
             men
             may
             be
             refreshed
             by
             them
             ,
             but
             none
             else
             :
             they
             are
             worst
             being
             fried
             ,
             best
             being
             kept
             in
             gelly
             ,
             made
             strong
             of
             wine
             and
             spices
             .
          
        
         
           
             Umbrae
             .
          
           
             Umbers
             have
             a
             dry
             and
             whitish
             flesh
             ,
             like
             the
             flesh
             of
             gray-trouts
             ,
             being
             of
             the
             like
             substance
             ,
             quality
             and
             goodness
             ,
             and
             needing
             no
             other
             preparation
             .
             The
             belly
             of
             it
             is
             preferred
             before
             the
             other
             parts
             ,
             and
             is
             wholesomest
             in
             the
             Dog
             ▪
             daies
             .
             Pisanellus
             saith
             that
             it
             is
             called
             Umbra
             in
             Latin
             ,
             because
             it
             swimmeth
             in
             the
             river
             like
             a
             
             shaddow
             ;
             and
             he
             commendeth
             it
             exceedingly
             for
             young
             and
             hot
             stomacks
             ,
             as
             that
             also
             it
             is
             soon
             concocted
             and
             encreaseth
             seed
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XX.
           
        
         
           Of
           such
           living
           Creatures
           and
           Meats
           ,
           as
           be
           neither
           Flesh
           nor
           Fish
           ,
           and
           yet
           give
           good
           nourishment
           to
           the
           body
           .
        
         
           
             Cochelae
             terrestres
             .
          
           
             SNails
             are
             little
             esteemed
             of
             us
             in
             England
             ,
             but
             in
             
               Barbarie
               ,
               Spaine
            
             ,
             and
             Italy
             they
             are
             eaten
             as
             a
             most
             dainty
             ,
             wholesome
             ,
             nourishing
             ,
             and
             restoring
             meat
             .
             Let
             us
             beware
             when
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             sort
             ,
             we
             use
             them
             ;
             for
             
             they
             are
             naught
             whilst
             they
             feed
             ,
             but
             towards
             winter
             having
             scoured
             themselves
             from
             all
             excrements
             ,
             and
             batled
             themselves
             fat
             with
             sleep
             ,
             then
             are
             they
             wholesomest
             :
             also
             if
             they
             feed
             in
             woods
             or
             in
             gardens
             full
             of
             Physick-hearbs
             ,
             they
             are
             strong
             both
             of
             smell
             and
             taste
             and
             dangerous
             to
             eat
             of
             .
             They
             desire
             of
             all
             other
             herbs
             to
             feed
             of
             deffadills
             and
             asphodils
             ;
             but
             then
             they
             are
             not
             so
             good
             ,
             as
             those
             that
             feed
             upon
             other
             herbs
             and
             fruits
             ,
             but
             especially
             upon
             Dew-berries
             .
             In
             Cales
             and
             Spain
             they
             feed
             chiefly
             upon
             orenge
             flouers
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             very
             pleasant
             in
             eating
             .
             In
             the
             Islands
             of
             
             Majorca
             and
             Minorca
             ,
             they
             never
             come
             out
             of
             their
             caves
             ,
             but
             live
             by
             sucking
             one
             anothers
             shell
             ,
             hanging
             together
             like
             a
             gluster
             of
             grapes
             ;
             which
             no
             doubt
             are
             of
             a
             purer
             substance
             then
             ours
             ,
             that
             suck
             and
             feed
             upon
             all
             herbs
             .
             
               Fulvius
               Hilpinus
            
             not
             long
             before
             the
             civil
             
             war
             betwixt
             Caesar
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             made
             in
             his
             garden
             several
             snail-parks
             (
             as
             I
             may
             call
             them
             )
             keeping
             every
             kind
             by
             themselves
             ;
             there
             might
             one
             find
             the
             white
             snails
             of
             Reate
             ,
             the
             gray
             and
             great
             snails
             of
             Illyricum
             ;
             the
             fruitful
             snails
             of
             Africa
             ,
             and
             the
             Solitan
             snails
             ,
             most
             
             famous
             and
             excellent
             of
             all
             others
             :
             which
             he
             suffered
             not
             to
             feed
             upon
             what
             they
             listed
             ,
             but
             made
             certain
             papp
             with
             sweet
             wine
             ,
             hony
             ,
             and
             flour
             ,
             whereby
             they
             were
             fed
             so
             fat
             ,
             and
             became
             so
             wholsome
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             and
             delicate
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             highly
             esteemed
             ,
             being
             sold
             every
             dishfull
             for
             Fourscore
             Quadrants
             .
             But
             sith
             no
             man
             is
             in
             hope
             to
             gain
             so
             much
             by
             that
             Occupation
             ,
             they
             which
             must
             needs
             use
             them
             ,
             may
             chuse
             them
             in
             this
             sort
             :
             First
             ,
             let
             them
             choose
             them
             of
             middle
             size
             ,
             feeding
             all
             Sommer
             time
             in
             hilly
             places
             upon
             wholesome
             Herbs
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             let
             them
             not
             eat
             them
             till
             September
             be
             past
             ,
             for
             by
             that
             time
             they
             are
             thoroughly
             purged
             of
             all
             Excrements
             .
             Also
             ,
             they
             are
             unfit
             for
             weak
             ,
             cold
             and
             moist
             Complexions
             ,
             because
             they
             themselves
             are
             cold
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             and
             moist
             in
             the
             second
             .
             They
             are
             best
             
             for
             hot
             stomacks
             ,
             cholerick
             constitutions
             ,
             thirsty
             distemperatures
             ,
             watchfull
             brains
             ,
             and
             men
             troubled
             with
             Ulcers
             of
             the
             lungs
             ,
             and
             free
             from
             all
             stoppings
             and
             inflammations
             
             of
             the
             Kidneys
             .
             Pliny
             wills
             them
             to
             be
             first
             parboyl'd
             in
             warm
             Water
             with
             sweet
             Herbs
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             be
             broyld
             upon
             the
             Coles
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             eaten
             ever
             in
             an
             odd
             number
             :
             but
             if
             you
             dress
             them
             as
             Apicius
             appoints
             Periwinckles
             to
             be
             drest
             (
             which
             I
             before
             described
             in
             the
             Treatise
             of
             Periwinckles
             )
             they
             will
             prove
             a
             
             light
             ,
             wholsome
             and
             good
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Testudines
             .
          
           
             Tortisses
             are
             likewise
             no
             usuall
             Meat
             amongst
             us
             :
             yet
             because
             I
             see
             no
             reason
             but
             that
             Riot
             may
             bring
             them
             in
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             as
             familiar
             unto
             us
             as
             Turkies
             are
             ,
             I
             will
             write
             something
             of
             their
             choice
             ,
             use
             ,
             hurtfulness
             ,
             correction
             and
             degrees
             of
             Temperature
             .
             Choose
             ever
             the
             greatest
             ,
             fullest
             of
             Eggs
             ,
             liveliest
             eyed
             ,
             and
             fatted
             at
             home
             with
             the
             best
             meat
             .
             Their
             flesh
             nourishes
             plentifully
             ,
             and
             recovers
             men
             out
             of
             Consumptions
             .
             Yet
             is
             
             it
             slowly
             digested
             of
             weak
             stomacks
             ,
             engendering
             thick
             and
             phlegmatick
             blood
             ,
             and
             making
             the
             eaters
             sleepy
             and
             sloathfull
             .
             Wherefore
             seeth
             him
             thoroughly
             in
             many
             Waters
             with
             sweet
             Herbs
             and
             hot
             Spices
             ;
             especially
             for
             that
             it
             is
             no
             less
             cold
             then
             Snailes
             ,
             and
             fully
             as
             moist
             ,
             agreeing
             only
             at
             such
             times
             of
             the
             year
             ,
             and
             for
             such
             kinde
             of
             persons
             as
             Snails
             be
             thought
             convenient
             for
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ramae
             .
          
           
             Frogs
             are
             of
             hard
             concoction
             ,
             troublesome
             to
             the
             stomack
             ,
             breeding
             much
             phlegme
             ,
             and
             giving
             no
             sound
             yea
             rather
             a
             bad
             juice
             :
             Yet
             Water
             frogs
             are
             best
             ,
             of
             the
             bigger
             sort
             ,
             and
             both
             bred
             and
             taken
             in
             a
             dry
             season
             .
             
             Their
             hinder
             parts
             and
             Livers
             (
             which
             be
             two
             in
             each
             )
             are
             the
             best
             to
             be
             eaten
             ;
             and
             being
             throughly
             sodd
             in
             oyle
             ,
             salt-water
             and
             Vinegar
             ,
             and
             eaten
             with
             sawce
             made
             of
             sweet
             Herbs
             ,
             Onions
             and
             Scallions
             ,
             they
             are
             no
             bad
             meat
             for
             cholerick
             young
             men
             ,
             though
             for
             old
             and
             phlegmatick
             persons
             they
             be
             wholly
             unprofitable
             .
             They
             are
             moist
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             and
             cold
             in
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             therefore
             to
             be
             corrected
             with
             hot
             and
             drying
             simples
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mel
             :
          
           
             
             Honey
             and
             Bread
             was
             a
             great
             Meat
             with
             Pythagoras
             and
             his
             Scholars
             ,
             and
             counted
             a
             sufficient
             food
             for
             a
             temperate
             life
             .
             For
             Bread
             strengthens
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             Hony
             both
             nourishes
             much
             ,
             and
             also
             cleanseth
             away
             superfluities
             ,
             
             
               Pollio
               Romulus
            
             being
             asked
             by
             Augustus
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             how
             he
             lived
             so
             long
             !
             By
             nourishing
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
             my
             inwards
             with
             Honey
             ,
             and
             my
             outward
             parts
             with
             oyle
             .
             The
             like
             answer
             likewise
             made
             Democritus
             ,
             being
             demanded
             the
             like
             question
             .
             Furthermore
             ,
             it
             is
             so
             generall
             a
             Meat
             thorough
             all
             Russia
             ,
             that
             the
             Children
             eat
             it
             on
             their
             bread
             every
             morning
             ,
             as
             ours
             do
             Butter
             to
             their
             breakfast
             :
             with
             whom
             ,
             and
             with
             Old
             men
             ,
             it
             
             agreeth
             exceeding
             well
             ,
             clensing
             their
             breasts
             ,
             opening
             their
             pipes
             ,
             warming
             their
             stomachs
             ,
             resisting
             putrifaction
             ,
             procuring
             solubleness
             and
             urine
             ,
             and
             engendring
             sweet
             and
             commendable
             blood
             :
             but
             young
             men
             (
             whose
             moisture
             is
             less
             then
             childrens
             through
             sharpness
             of
             heat
             ,
             and
             whose
             stomachs
             are
             hotter
             then
             old
             mens
             )
             by
             much
             eating
             of
             hony
             inflame
             their
             blood
             ,
             encrease
             choler
             ,
             bloody
             fluxes
             ,
             wind
             ,
             and
             obstructions
             ,
             together
             with
             a
             continual
             loathing
             of
             meat
             and
             a
             disposition
             to
             vomit
             :
             hony-cakes
             were
             wont
             to
             be
             a
             great
             dish
             in
             old
             times
             at
             the
             end
             of
             bankets
             ,
             as
             ginger-bread
             is
             with
             us
             ;
             which
             custome
             Macrobius
             and
             Gellius
             have
             justly
             reproved
             ;
             
             because
             sweet
             things
             being
             last
             eaten
             ,
             open
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             stomach
             ,
             which
             after
             meat
             should
             be
             closed
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             sealed
             up
             to
             help
             concoction
             :
             Wherefore
             Pisanellus
             
             doth
             very
             well
             ,
             in
             prescribing
             us
             to
             eat
             sugar-rosat
             or
             some
             soure
             fruits
             after
             hony
             ,
             to
             prevent
             the
             engendring
             of
             choler
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             to
             help
             the
             same
             whilst
             it
             concocteth
             .
             Raw
             hony
             is
             never
             good
             ,
             therefore
             
             clarifie
             it
             throughly
             at
             the
             fire
             ;
             and
             chuse
             the
             whitest
             ▪
             purest
             ,
             clearest
             ,
             most
             glistering
             and
             thickest
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             notes
             of
             the
             best
             hony
             :
             also
             let
             it
             be
             hony
             that
             ran
             and
             was
             never
             pressed
             out
             of
             the
             combs
             ,
             and
             of
             young
             Bees
             rather
             then
             old
             ,
             feeding
             upon
             thime
             ,
             rosemary
             ,
             flowers
             ,
             and
             such
             sweet
             and
             wholesome
             herbs
             .
             Then
             may
             you
             boldly
             give
             it
             as
             meat
             to
             young
             children
             ,
             to
             cold
             and
             moist
             complexions
             ,
             and
             to
             rhumatick
             old
             men
             ,
             especially
             in
             Northern
             Countries
             ,
             and
             cold
             climates
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             winter
             season
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXI
           .
        
         
           Of
           Fruit
           and
           the
           differences
           thereof
           .
        
         
           NOw
           we
           are
           come
           to
           the
           last
           course
           ,
           which
           in
           ancient
           and
           more
           healthful
           ages
           was
           the
           first
           and
           onely
           ,
           whilst
           mens
           hands
           were
           neither
           polluted
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           Beasts
           ,
           nor
           smelt
           of
           the
           most
           unwholesome
           sent
           of
           fish
           .
           This
           kind
           of
           meat
           is
           commended
           (
           like
           the
           Hebrew
           tongue
           )
           for
           three
           principal
           reasons
           ;
           
             antiquity
             ,
             purity
          
           ,
           and
           sufficiency
           ;
           for
           it
           was
           more
           ancient
           then
           either
           flesh
           or
           fish
           by
           two
           thousand
           years
           ;
           it
           is
           so
           pure
           of
           it self
           that
           it
           never
           defiles
           the
           hand
           nor
           needeth
           any
           great
           dressing
           :
           and
           that
           it
           is
           sufficient
           to
           maintain
           us
           long
           in
           life
           ,
           not
           onely
           the
           history
           of
           the
           first
           twelve
           Patriarches
           ,
           but
           also
           whole
           nations
           living
           at
           this
           day
           in
           
             India
             ,
             Africa
             ,
             Asia
          
           ,
           and
           some
           parts
           of
           Europe
           do
           sufficiently
           declare
           ,
           feeding
           wholly
           or
           principally
           of
           fruit
           ;
           whereof
           I
           find
           three
           chief
           or
           especial
           kinds
           ,
           namely
           Orchard-fruit
           growing
           upon
           trees
           :
           Garden-fruit
           growing
           upon
           shrubs
           ,
           herbs
           and
           roots
           :
           and
           Field-fruit
           concluded
           under
           the
           name
           of
           Graine
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXII
           .
        
         
           Of
           all
           Orchard
           Fruit.
           
        
         
           
             Pruna
             .
             Armeniaca
             chrysomela
             .
          
           
             
             ABricocks
             are
             plums
             dissembled
             under
             a
             peaches
             coat
             ,
             good
             only
             and
             commendable
             for
             their
             tast
             and
             fragrant
             
             smell
             ,
             their
             flesh
             quickly
             corrupting
             and
             degenerating
             into
             choler
             and
             wheyish
             excrements
             ,
             engendring
             pestilent
             agues
             ,
             stopping
             the
             liver
             and
             spleen
             ,
             breeding
             ill
             juice
             ,
             and
             giving
             either
             none
             or
             very
             weak
             nourishment
             ;
             yet
             are
             they
             medicinable
             and
             wholesome
             for
             some
             persons
             ,
             for
             they
             provoke
             urine
             ,
             quench
             thirst
             :
             and
             sirup
             made
             of
             the
             infusion
             of
             dried
             Abricocks
             ,
             qualifies
             the
             burning
             heat
             and
             rage
             of
             fevers
             :
             They
             are
             least
             hurtful
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             most
             comfortable
             to
             the
             brain
             and
             heart
             ,
             which
             be
             sweet
             kerneld
             ,
             big
             and
             fragrant
             ,
             growing
             behind
             a
             Kitchin-chimny
             (
             as
             they
             do
             at
             Barn-elms
             )
             and
             so
             thoroughly
             ripened
             by
             the
             Sun
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             easily
             part
             from
             their
             stone
             .
             They
             are
             best
             before
             meat
             ,
             and
             fittest
             for
             hot
             stomachs
             ;
             but
             let
             not
             women
             eat
             many
             of
             them
             and
             let
             them
             also
             remember
             to
             drown
             them
             well
             in
             Sack
             or
             Canary
             wine
             .
             Galen
             preferreth
             
             Abricocks
             before
             Peaches
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             not
             so
             soon
             corrupted
             :
             whereas
             common
             experience
             sheweth
             the
             contrary
             ;
             for
             as
             Abricocks
             are
             soonest
             ripe
             ,
             so
             of
             all
             other
             stone
             fruit
             they
             soonest
             corrupt
             in
             a
             mans
             stomach
             .
          
        
         
           
             Amigdalae
             .
          
           
             Almonds
             (
             into
             whom
             fair
             Phyllis
             was
             turned
             ,
             as
             Poets
             imagine
             )
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ,
             sweet
             and
             bitter
             .
             These
             are
             
             fittest
             for
             medicin
             ,
             but
             the
             sweet
             ones
             for
             meat
             .
             The
             sweet
             almonds
             are
             sometimes
             eaten
             green
             of
             women
             with
             child
             to
             procure
             appetite
             ;
             and
             in
             Summer
             of
             others
             ,
             because
             then
             they
             are
             most
             pleasant
             :
             but
             they
             nourish
             most
             after
             the
             fall
             when
             they
             are
             fully
             ripe
             ,
             being
             blanched
             into
             cold
             water
             ;
             they
             fatten
             the
             body
             ,
             give
             plentiful
             nourishment
             ,
             encrease
             flesh
             and
             seed
             ,
             help
             the
             brain
             and
             eyesight
             ,
             purge
             the
             brest
             by
             spitting
             ,
             clear
             the
             voice
             ,
             clense
             the
             kidneys
             ,
             and
             provoke
             sleep
             ;
             eat
             them
             not
             when
             they
             are
             very
             old
             and
             wrinckled
             ,
             for
             then
             they
             stay
             long
             in
             the
             stomach
             and
             breed
             headache
             :
             if
             they
             be
             eaten
             with
             sugar
             (
             as
             they
             are
             in
             march-paens
             ,
             or
             in
             cullices
             ,
             mortises
             ,
             rice
             ▪
             porredge
             ,
             or
             almond
             milks
             )
             they
             are
             of
             greater
             nourishment
             and
             more
             easie
             digestion
             ;
             but
             then
             they
             are
             to
             be
             eaten
             alone
             ,
             not
             in
             the
             middle
             (
             and
             much
             less
             in
             the
             end
             )
             of
             Meals
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mala.
             
          
           
             Apples
             be
             so
             divers
             of
             form
             and
             substance
             ,
             that
             it
             were
             infinite
             to
             describe
             them
             all
             ;
             some
             consist
             more
             of
             aire
             then
             water
             ,
             as
             your
             Puffs
             called
             
               mala
               pulmonea
            
             ;
             others
             more
             of
             water
             then
             wind
             ,
             as
             your
             Costards
             and
             Pome-waters
             ,
             called
             Hydrotica
             :
             Others
             being
             first
             graffed
             upon
             a
             Mulbery
             stock
             wax
             thorough
             red
             ,
             as
             our
             Queen-apples
             ,
             called
             by
             
               Ruellius
               ,
               Rubelliana
            
             ,
             and
             Claudiana
             by
             
               Pliny
               .
               Roundlings
            
             are
             called
             
               mala
               Sceptiana
            
             of
             Sceptius
             ;
             and
             
               Winter-goldlings
               ,
               Scandiana
               Plinij
               ;
               Pippins
               mala
               Petisia
               ;
               Peare-apples
               ,
               Melapia
            
             ;
             and
             Pear-mains
             or
             Peauxans
             no
             doubt
             be
             those
             
               Applana
               mala
            
             ,
             which
             Appius
             graffed
             upon
             a
             Quince
             ,
             smelling
             sweetly
             ,
             and
             tasting
             a
             little
             tart
             ,
             continuing
             in
             his
             goodness
             a
             year
             or
             two
             .
             To
             be
             short
             ,
             all
             Apples
             may
             be
             sorted
             into
             three
             kinds
             ,
             Sweet
             ,
             Soure
             ,
             and
             Unsavory
             .
             Sweet
             Apples
             moisten
             the
             belly
             ,
             open
             the
             brest
             ,
             ripen
             rhumes
             ,
             ease
             the
             cough
             ,
             quench
             thirst
             ,
             help
             spitting
             ,
             cure
             melancholly
             ,
             
             comfort
             the
             heart
             and
             head
             (
             especially
             if
             they
             be
             fragrant
             and
             odoriferous
             )
             and
             also
             give
             a
             laudable
             nourishment
             .
             Soure
             Appels
             stay
             the
             belly
             ,
             hinder
             spitting
             straiten
             the
             brest
             ,
             gripe
             and
             hurt
             the
             stomach
             ,
             encrease
             phlegm
             ,
             and
             weaken
             memory
             .
             Unsavory
             Apples
             are
             unfit
             for
             our
             eating
             ,
             appointed
             rather
             to
             fat
             Hoggs
             and
             Swine
             ,
             then
             to
             come
             into
             our
             stomachs
             .
             Old
             Apples
             are
             best
             (
             if
             they
             be
             such
             as
             can
             bear
             age
             )
             because
             by
             long
             lying
             they
             lose
             two
             ill
             quallities
             ,
             Watrishness
             and
             Windiness
             ,
             and
             have
             also
             a
             more
             perfect
             and
             pleasing
             taste
             .
             As
             Nuts
             ,
             Figs
             ,
             and
             Mulberies
             be
             best
             towards
             the
             lowest
             boughes
             ,
             so
             contrariwise
             Plums
             ,
             Apples
             ,
             and
             Pears
             be
             best
             from
             the
             top
             of
             the
             Tree
             ,
             and
             hanging
             on
             the
             sunny
             side
             .
             Sweet
             Apples
             are
             to
             be
             eaten
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             meat
             ,
             but
             soure
             and
             tart
             Apples
             at
             the
             latter
             end
             .
             All
             Apples
             are
             worst
             raw
             ,
             and
             best
             baked
             or
             preserved
             .
             None
             at
             all
             are
             good
             sodden
             besides
             the
             Codlin
             ;
             which
             afterwards
             being
             made
             into
             tart
             stuff
             ,
             and
             baked
             with
             rose-water
             and
             sugar
             ,
             is
             no
             bad
             meat
             :
             their
             coldnese
             and
             watrishness
             is
             soon
             corrected
             ,
             either
             in
             baking
             ,
             roasting
             ,
             or
             preserving
             with
             cinamon
             ,
             ginger
             ,
             orenge-pills
             ,
             aniseed
             ,
             caraway-seed
             ,
             sweet
             fennel-seed
             ,
             and
             sweet
             butter
             .
          
           
             
             Now
             whereas
             the
             old
             Proverb
             
               (
               ab
               ovo
               ad
               mala
            
             )
             sheweth
             that
             Apples
             were
             ever
             the
             last
             dish
             set
             upon
             the
             board
             ,
             you
             must
             understand
             it
             of
             tartish
             and
             soure
             Apples
             ,
             or
             else
             justly
             (
             though
             newly
             )
             find
             fault
             with
             an
             old
             custome
             .
             Philip
             of
             Macedonia
             and
             Alexander
             his
             son
             (
             from
             whom
             perhaps
             a
             curious
             and
             skilful
             Herald
             may
             derive
             our
             Lancashire
             men
             )
             were
             called
             Philomeli
             Apple-lovers
             ,
             
             because
             they
             were
             never
             without
             Apples
             in
             their
             pockets
             ;
             yea
             all
             the
             Macedonians
             his
             Countrymen
             did
             so
             love
             them
             ,
             that
             having
             neer
             Babylon
             surprized
             a
             Fruiterers
             hoy
             ,
             they
             strived
             so
             for
             it
             that
             many
             were
             drowned
             ;
             which
             fight
             was
             therefore
             called
             by
             
               Historiographers
               ,
               
               Melomachia
            
             ,
             the
             Apple-fight
             ;
             but
             cruel
             fluxes
             surprised
             the
             Army
             upon
             this
             ,
             and
             many
             dyed
             of
             intolerable
             gripings
             .
          
        
         
           
             Oxyacanthae
             .
             Spinae
             acidae
             .
          
           
             
             Berberies
             preserved
             ,
             are
             a
             great
             refreshing
             to
             hot
             stomachs
             and
             aguish
             persons
             ;
             and
             being
             kept
             in
             pickle
             they
             serve
             for
             sallets
             and
             the
             garnishing
             of
             meat
             ;
             but
             they
             are
             of
             very
             little
             nourishment
             themselves
             ,
             or
             rather
             of
             none
             at
             all
             ,
             though
             by
             a
             pleasant
             sharpness
             they
             edge
             an
             appetite
             .
          
        
         
           
             Prunus-Sylvestris
             regius
             .
          
           
             Bullices
             likewise
             (
             both
             white
             ,
             speckled
             and
             black
             )
             are
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             ,
             being
             stued
             ,
             bakt
             ,
             roasted
             ,
             or
             preserved
             ;
             fitter
             to
             be
             eaten
             last
             to
             close
             up
             the
             upper
             mouth
             of
             the
             stomach
             ,
             then
             first
             to
             stop
             the
             neither
             mouth
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             in
             fluxes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sorbi
             .
          
           
             
             Cervises
             (
             like
             to
             Medlers
             )
             are
             then
             truely
             ripe
             ,
             when
             they
             are
             rotten
             ;
             if
             you
             would
             chuse
             the
             best
             ,
             chuse
             the
             biggest
             ,
             most
             poulpy
             ,
             and
             voidest
             of
             stones
             .
             They
             are
             cold
             in
             the
             first
             degre
             ,
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             third
             ,
             giving
             little
             nourishment
             ;
             but
             staying
             fluxes
             ,
             preventing
             drunkenness
             ,
             strengthening
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             making
             a
             sweet
             breath
             ;
             their
             great
             astringency
             sheweth
             that
             they
             are
             to
             be
             eaten
             last
             ,
             for
             otherwise
             they
             wil
             bind
             the
             body
             ,
             burden
             
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             engender
             very
             gross
             humours
             .
             Pliny
             maketh
             four
             kind
             of
             Cervisses
             ,
             one
             as
             round
             as
             an
             Apple
             ,
             another
             bottled
             like
             a
             Peare
             ,
             the
             third
             ovale
             made
             like
             an
             egg
             .
             The
             Apple-cervise
             is
             most
             sweet
             ,
             fragrant
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             a
             most
             winy
             tast
             ;
             the
             fourth
             kind
             of
             Cervisse
             is
             a
             very
             little
             one
             ,
             called
             the
             Torment-Cerviss
             allowed
             for
             nothing
             but
             that
             it
             ceaseth
             the
             torments
             of
             bloody
             fluxes
             .
          
           
             Cherries
             were
             neither
             brought
             into
             Italy
             nor
             England
             
             till
             
               Lucius
               Lucullus
            
             returned
             from
             his
             victory
             
             against
             Mithridates
             ;
             whereof
             there
             are
             chiefly
             four
             sorts
             amongst
             us
             .
          
        
         
           
             Iuliana
             .
          
           
             Iulians
             which
             are
             very
             red
             ,
             soft
             ,
             and
             poulpy
             ,
             never
             good
             but
             under
             the
             Tree
             ;
             for
             they
             rot
             in
             carriage
             a
             little
             way
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aproniana
             .
          
           
             Apronians
             ,
             which
             are
             red
             ,
             round
             ,
             and
             harder
             ,
             and
             can
             abide
             the
             carriage
             .
          
        
         
           
             Duracina
             .
          
           
             Duracines
             or
             in
             French
             Coeurs
             ,
             or
             heart-Cherries
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             made
             like
             a
             heart
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             firmest
             of
             all
             other
             .
          
        
         
           
             Actiana
             .
          
           
             The
             blackest
             of
             all
             be
             called
             Actians
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             brought
             from
             Actium
             a
             promontory
             of
             Epire.
             In
             England
             we
             have
             also
             seen
             white
             Cherries
             growing
             ,
             wherein
             the
             artificial
             choler
             marred
             the
             good
             nature
             and
             taste
             of
             them
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             will
             not
             commend
             them
             for
             wholesomness
             ,
             but
             shew
             their
             rareness
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             their
             uses
             ,
             let
             us
             remember
             thus
             much
             ;
             that
             the
             Coeurs
             or
             French
             Cherries
             are
             most
             cordiall
             ,
             the
             common
             and
             pulpy
             Cherries
             most
             nourishing
             ,
             the
             black
             Cherries
             kernel
             is
             the
             best
             meat
             ,
             but
             his
             flesh
             unwholesome
             and
             loathsome
             to
             the
             stomach
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             our
             common
             Cherries
             being
             ripe
             and
             eaten
             from
             the
             Tree
             in
             a
             dewy
             morning
             ,
             loosen
             the
             belly
             :
             when
             contrariwise
             Coeurs
             and
             red
             soure
             Cherries
             bind
             the
             same
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             more
             dry
             and
             astringent
             faculty
             .
          
           
             All
             Cherries
             (
             saving
             them
             which
             are
             black
             )
             slake
             thirst
             ,
             cool
             moderately
             ,
             and
             procure
             appetite
             .
             Sweet
             and
             ripe
             Cherries
             should
             be
             eaten
             formost
             ;
             others
             are
             
             
             
             
             
             to
             be
             eaten
             last
             ,
             either
             scalded
             or
             baked
             ,
             or
             made
             into
             tart
             stuff
             ,
             or
             preserved
             with
             sugar
             ,
             or
             rather
             dried
             after
             the
             German
             manner
             ;
             which
             they
             keep
             all
             the
             year
             long
             to
             quench
             thirst
             in
             agues
             ,
             to
             cool
             choller
             ,
             to
             stir
             up
             appetite
             ,
             to
             unfur
             the
             tongue
             and
             rellish
             the
             mouth
             ,
             to
             stay
             puking
             ,
             vomiting
             ,
             and
             all
             kind
             of
             fluxes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Castaneae
             nuces
             .
          
           
             Chestnuts
             are
             so
             discommended
             of
             Galen
             in
             his
             book
             of
             Thin
             Diet
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             be
             little
             esteemed
             ,
             had
             
             not
             latter
             ages
             better
             considered
             of
             their
             nature
             .
             Pliny
             thought
             (
             and
             I
             allow
             his
             reason
             )
             that
             it
             could
             not
             be
             a
             vile
             meat
             ,
             which
             nature
             had
             hidden
             with
             such
             wonderful
             and
             artificial
             covers
             or
             husks
             .
             
               Divus
               Tiberius
            
             having
             been
             in
             Sardinia
             ,
             or
             rather
             (
             as
             I
             take
             it
             )
             at
             Sardis
             in
             Lidia
             ,
             brought
             from
             thence
             some
             chestnuts
             ,
             and
             set
             them
             in
             Italy
             ;
             whence
             no
             doubt
             they
             were
             derived
             into
             France
             and
             England
             .
             It
             is
             questioned
             by
             some
             ,
             whether
             raw
             Chestnuts
             may
             not
             engender
             lice
             .
             But
             the
             French
             Chestnut
             is
             bigger
             ,
             tenderer
             ,
             and
             far
             sweeter
             then
             ours
             ;
             whereof
             there
             are
             two
             kinds
             ,
             the
             one
             of
             a
             light
             and
             reddish
             colour
             fittest
             to
             be
             roasted
             ,
             the
             other
             resembling
             a
             dark
             bay
             ,
             enclining
             to
             a
             blackish
             brown
             (
             called
             Coctivae
             of
             Pliny
             )
             because
             they
             are
             best
             sodden
             .
             Of
             all
             Chestnuts
             chuse
             the
             biggest
             ,
             fullest
             ,
             brownest
             and
             roundest
             ,
             and
             let
             them
             be
             three
             months
             old
             at
             the
             least
             before
             you
             eat
             them
             :
             If
             you
             eat
             too
             many
             ,
             they
             breed
             head-ache
             ,
             collicks
             and
             costiffness
             ,
             but
             feed
             moderately
             upon
             them
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             meals
             ,
             and
             they
             nourish
             without
             offence
             .
             They
             are
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             and
             almost
             as
             hot
             as
             dry
             ;
             but
             seething
             remits
             a
             little
             of
             each
             ,
             as
             roasting
             addeth
             somewhat
             to
             either
             quality
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             Winter
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             moist
             complexions
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             not
             subject
             to
             stoppings
             of
             the
             brest
             and
             liver
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Mala
             medica
             &
             Citria
             .
          
           
             Citrons
             ,
             were
             not
             known
             in
             Homers
             time
             to
             be
             any
             meat
             :
             onely
             the
             pills
             thereof
             were
             burnt
             with
             Cedar-wood
             
             in
             Temples
             ,
             when
             they
             sacrificed
             to
             Apollo
             :
             as
             thinking
             the
             fume
             of
             it
             a
             special
             preservative
             against
             the
             Plague
             :
             Neither
             is
             the
             juice
             of
             them
             since
             commended
             ,
             but
             to
             resist
             poison
             ,
             to
             qualifie
             humours
             putrified
             within
             the
             body
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             sweet
             breath
             ,
             to
             cure
             hot
             burning
             
             agues
             ,
             and
             to
             cure
             the
             longing
             of
             women
             with
             child
             ;
             for
             which
             yet
             the
             seeds
             are
             thought
             most
             medicinable
             .
             Nevertheless
             I
             am
             sure
             as
             ripe
             Citrons
             in
             Spaine
             do
             nourish
             Spaniards
             ,
             so
             preserved
             Citrons
             may
             no
             less
             nourish
             us
             ,
             considering
             that
             their
             corrosive
             quality
             is
             altered
             by
             sugar
             ,
             and
             their
             coldness
             made
             temperate
             thorough
             perboiling
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pruna
             Damascena
             .
          
           
             Damsins
             ,
             which
             were
             first
             brought
             from
             the
             mount
             of
             Damascus
             in
             Syria
             ,
             are
             a
             most
             wholesome
             Plum
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             giving
             moderat
             nourishment
             in
             hot
             weather
             ,
             to
             young
             chollerick
             and
             dry
             stomachs
             .
             The
             most
             nourishing
             be
             fully
             ripe
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             plump
             ,
             and
             thin-skinn'd
             .
             Our
             custome
             is
             very
             bad
             to
             eat
             ripe
             Plums
             last
             ,
             when
             their
             sweetness
             and
             lightness
             perswades
             us
             to
             eat
             them
             formost
             .
             Ripe
             Damsins
             eaten
             whilst
             the
             dew
             is
             upon
             them
             ,
             are
             more
             medicinable
             then
             meat
             ;
             but
             being
             eaten
             at
             the
             beginning
             of
             Dinner
             or
             Supper
             ,
             they
             are
             more
             meat
             then
             medicin
             ,
             and
             give
             an
             indifferent
             sustenance
             to
             an
             indifferent
             stomach
             ,
             especially
             when
             they
             are
             preserved
             .
             Damsins
             not
             fully
             ripe
             ,
             had
             need
             to
             be
             boiled
             or
             preserved
             ,
             to
             correct
             their
             cold
             and
             crude
             nature
             ;
             but
             as
             they
             are
             fit
             for
             hot
             stomachs
             and
             aguish
             persons
             ,
             so
             none
             at
             all
             are
             good
             for
             them
             that
             be
             old
             ,
             or
             cold
             ,
             or
             watrish
             and
             phlegmatick
             of
             constitution
             .
          
           
             The
             like
             may
             be
             said
             of
             Damase-prunes
             ,
             brought
             out
             of
             
               Syria
               ,
               Spaine
            
             and
             Italy
             ,
             which
             are
             sweet
             ,
             nourishing
             
             and
             pleasant
             being
             stued
             or
             sodden
             ;
             when
             contrariwise
             the
             French
             Prune
             is
             harsh
             and
             soure
             ,
             fitter
             to
             cool
             men
             in
             agues
             and
             to
             edge
             distasted
             stomachs
             ,
             then
             to
             be
             offred
             any
             man
             in
             the
             way
             of
             meat
             .
          
        
         
           
             Dactili
             .
          
           
             Dates
             are
             usually
             put
             into
             stued
             broaths
             ,
             minced-pies
             ,
             and
             restorative
             cull●ces
             ,
             as
             though
             they
             were
             of
             very
             great
             and
             wholesome
             nourishment
             .
             Ceatain
             it
             is
             that
             they
             fat
             much
             and
             encrease
             blood
             ,
             but
             such
             blood
             as
             easily
             
             turneth
             into
             hot
             choller
             .
             Alexanders
             Souldiers
             were
             killed
             with
             new
             Dates
             ;
             which
             taste
             so
             pleasantly
             ,
             that
             only
             danger
             makes
             a
             man
             surcease
             to
             eat
             them
             .
             The
             best
             Dates
             grow
             by
             Jericho
             in
             Jewry
             ,
             the
             next
             by
             Alexandria
             in
             Egypt
             ;
             but
             the
             Dates
             of
             Barbary
             and
             Spaine
             have
             long
             writhled
             bodies
             without
             substance
             :
             Chuse
             them
             which
             are
             ripe
             and
             not
             rotten
             ,
             firm
             and
             not
             worm-eaten
             ,
             sweet
             and
             not
             astringent
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             least
             a
             year
             old
             after
             the
             gathering
             ;
             for
             such
             are
             best
             for
             a
             cold
             Liver
             ,
             fittest
             to
             move
             the
             Belly
             and
             to
             help
             the
             cough
             ;
             whereas
             new
             Dates
             bind
             excessively
             ,
             stop
             the
             liver
             ,
             stomach
             ,
             veins
             ,
             and
             lungs
             ,
             gripe
             the
             guts
             ,
             breed
             headach
             ,
             hurt
             the
             teeth
             ,
             and
             make
             little
             ulcers
             to
             arise
             in
             the
             mouth
             :
             yea
             ripe
             Dates
             lighting
             upon
             a
             bad
             stomach
             do
             easily
             putrifie
             ,
             engendering
             malign
             agues
             ,
             &
             stuffing
             the
             body
             with
             crude
             humours
             ,
             whereupon
             great
             stoppings
             encrease
             both
             of
             spleen
             and
             liver
             .
             They
             are
             hot
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             and
             moist
             in
             the
             first
             ,
             never
             good
             when
             they
             are
             eaten
             alone
             ,
             or
             without
             sugar
             ,
             which
             hindreth
             their
             speedy
             corruption
             .
          
        
         
           
             Praenestinae
             ,
             Heracleoticae
             ,
             Ponticae
             &
             Avellanae
             nuces
             .
          
           
             
             Filberds
             and
             Haselnuts
             ,
             coming
             first
             out
             of
             Pontus
             ,
             and
             translated
             by
             the
             Romans
             into
             our
             Countrey
             ,
             are
             found
             by
             experience
             to
             nourish
             the
             brain
             ,
             to
             heal
             old
             coughes
             being
             eaten
             with
             hony
             ,
             and
             to
             stay
             rhumes
             if
             
             be
             tosted
             .
             Also
             being
             peeld
             whilst
             they
             are
             green
             ,
             and
             laid
             a
             while
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             eaten
             afterwards
             with
             sugar
             or
             salt
             at
             the
             end
             of
             meat
             ,
             they
             give
             a
             laudible
             nourishment
             ,
             encreasing
             seed
             ,
             tempering
             blood
             and
             making
             it
             of
             a
             good
             consistence
             .
             Chuse
             ever
             the
             longest
             ,
             ripest
             ,
             and
             thinnest
             shel`d
             ,
             fullest
             of
             meat
             ,
             and
             freest
             from
             spot
             or
             worm
             ;
             also
             eat
             them
             whilst
             they
             are
             new
             ,
             if
             you
             purpose
             to
             nourish
             much
             ;
             for
             afterwards
             they
             wax
             more
             oily
             and
             less
             nourishing
             :
             they
             are
             best
             towards
             Winter
             ,
             and
             fitter
             for
             strong
             and
             able
             stomachs
             ,
             because
             they
             easily
             overturn
             weak
             stomachs
             and
             procure
             headache
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ficus
             Crossi
             .
          
           
             Figs
             are
             the
             sweetest
             fruit
             of
             the
             bitterest
             tree
             in
             the
             world
             ;
             for
             neither
             leafe
             ,
             nor
             bud
             ,
             nor
             bark
             ,
             nor
             wood
             ,
             
             nor
             body
             ,
             nor
             root
             ,
             nor
             any
             part
             of
             it
             is
             sweet
             besides
             the
             fruit
             :
             nay
             the
             very
             ashes
             of
             a
             fig-tree
             ,
             is
             as
             sharpe
             and
             bitter
             as
             any
             soot
             ;
             yet
             figs
             themselves
             are
             so
             sweet
             ,
             
             that
             onely
             for
             love
             of
             them
             the
             French
             men
             first
             invaded
             Italy
             ,
             and
             inhabited
             a
             great
             part
             of
             it
             many
             years
             ;
             yea
             
               Moschus
               Antimolus
            
             the
             Sophister
             having
             once
             tasted
             
             them
             ,
             he
             hated
             all
             other
             meats
             during
             his
             life
             ;
             and
             Plato
             
             so
             affected
             them
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               ●he
               Fig
               lover
            
             ;
             nay
             he
             loved
             them
             so
             much
             ,
             that
             he
             died
             of
             lice
             ,
             engendred
             of
             corrupt
             blood
             which
             the
             Figs
             made
             ;
             also
             
               Pompejus
               Columna
            
             Cardinal
             and
             Viceroy
             of
             Naples
             ,
             died
             suddenly
             in
             the
             arms
             of
             
               Austen
               Nyphus
            
             that
             famous
             
             Philosopher
             ,
             with
             eating
             too
             many
             figs.
             
          
           
             Figs
             are
             dangerous
             without
             wine
             ,
             but
             wholesome
             with
             it
             .
             Wherefore
             let
             all
             men
             beware
             of
             them
             ,
             as
             Solomon
             bids
             us
             take
             heed
             of
             too
             much
             hony
             least
             our
             sweet
             meat
             bring
             soure
             sawce
             ,
             and
             pleasure
             be
             punished
             with
             too
             late
             repentance
             .
             They
             are
             seldome
             eaten
             of
             us
             green
             from
             the
             tree
             ;
             and
             of
             outlandish
             figs
             ,
             let
             Dioscorides
             commend
             his
             (
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             )
             yellow
             figs
             ,
             Athenaeus
             his
             blue
             
             Figgs
             ,
             and
             Pratensis
             his
             Mariscas
             ,
             or
             Fig-dates
             ;
             yet
             in
             my
             judgement
             the
             round
             ,
             short
             ,
             and
             thick
             barrel'd
             Figs
             (
             having
             a
             thin
             skin
             ,
             and
             a
             firm
             substance
             ,
             with
             few
             seeds
             in
             them
             )
             are
             of
             all
             other
             the
             best
             ,
             though
             not
             the
             sweetest
             ,
             
             which
             I
             nothing
             doubt
             to
             be
             
               Callistruthiae
               Galeni
            
             ,
             and
             those
             delicate
             figs
             of
             
               Livia
               Pompeia
            
             which
             Pliny
             writes
             of
             .
          
           
             The
             seed
             of
             Figs
             nourisheth
             no
             more
             then
             a
             stone
             ,
             their
             skin
             hardly
             digesteth
             ,
             onely
             their
             pulppy
             substance
             giveth
             much
             ,
             though
             no
             very
             wholesome
             nor
             good
             nourishment
             .
             Chuse
             the
             softest
             ,
             roundest
             ,
             newest
             ,
             soundest
             ,
             thickest
             ,
             and
             ripest
             ;
             and
             as
             you
             drink
             wine
             upon
             cold
             and
             moist
             fruits
             ,
             so
             drink
             small
             drink
             ,
             or
             suck
             the
             soure
             juice
             of
             Orenges
             ,
             Pomegranards
             ,
             Lemons
             ,
             or
             Citrons
             after
             Figs
             :
             thus
             being
             taken
             they
             augment
             fat
             ,
             clear
             the
             countenance
             ,
             provoke
             venery
             ,
             quench
             thirst
             ,
             resist
             venom
             ,
             purge
             the
             kidneys
             of
             gravel
             ,
             and
             nourish
             more
             then
             any
             Tree-fruit
             whatsoever
             .
             But
             if
             you
             would
             ripen
             a
             cold
             ,
             or
             cleanse
             your
             pipes
             ,
             or
             clear
             your
             voice
             ,
             it
             is
             best
             to
             eat
             them
             with
             ripe
             Almonds
             ,
             or
             to
             drink
             them
             with
             barly
             water
             :
             old
             age
             is
             most
             offended
             by
             them
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             have
             stopt
             livers
             ,
             or
             be
             of
             a
             bad
             and
             corrupt
             complexion
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pistacia
             ,
             or
             Psittacia
             .
          
           
             
             Fisticks
             ,
             or
             rather
             Pisticks
             (
             alluding
             to
             the
             Syrian
             word
             )
             are
             Nuts
             growing
             in
             the
             knob
             of
             the
             Syrian
             or
             Egyptian
             Turpentine
             ▪
             tree
             ,
             being
             so
             much
             more
             wholesome
             ,
             good
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             they
             are
             more
             sweet
             ,
             odorifreous
             ,
             full
             ,
             big
             and
             green
             :
             They
             nourish
             plentifully
             ,
             open
             the
             liver
             ,
             clense
             the
             breast
             ,
             strengthen
             the
             stomach
             and
             kidneys
             ,
             stay
             fluxes
             and
             vomitings
             ,
             fatten
             the
             body
             ,
             stir
             up
             lust
             ,
             and
             resist
             poison
             .
             They
             are
             wholesome
             both
             before
             and
             after
             meat
             ,
             being
             eaten
             with
             old-pippins
             ,
             or
             sugar-roset
             .
          
           
           
             Children
             and
             hot
             complexions
             must
             not
             use
             them
             ,
             for
             they
             enflame
             their
             thin
             blood
             ,
             and
             cause
             giddiness
             :
             but
             even
             Galen
             (
             who
             discommends
             them
             more
             then
             he
             
             needed
             )
             alloweth
             them
             in
             Winter
             for
             cold
             fleagmatick
             and
             weak
             stomachs
             .
             Isaac
             saith
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             hot
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             ,
             whereof
             indeed
             they
             want
             very
             little
             .
          
        
         
           
             Uvae
             .
          
           
             Grapes
             differ
             two
             wayes
             especially
             ,
             in
             substance
             and
             tast
             .
             In
             respect
             of
             substance
             ,
             they
             are
             either
             fleshy
             ,
             which
             are
             fittest
             for
             meat
             ,
             or
             winy
             and
             thinn
             ,
             which
             are
             fittest
             to
             drink
             ,
             being
             made
             into
             wine
             .
             In
             respect
             of
             taste
             ,
             sweet
             Grapes
             fatten
             and
             nourish
             most
             ,
             being
             of
             hottest
             constitution
             ,
             and
             speediest
             concoction
             ;
             yet
             they
             swell
             the
             stomach
             ,
             engender
             thirst
             ,
             and
             loosen
             the
             body
             .
             Soure
             and
             harsh
             Grapes
             are
             cold
             in
             operation
             ,
             hardly
             digested
             ,
             of
             little
             nourishment
             ,
             griping
             and
             yet
             binding
             the
             belly
             ,
             and
             therefore
             fitter
             to
             be
             tasted
             of
             as
             sawce
             ,
             then
             to
             be
             eaten
             as
             meat
             .
          
           
             The
             Germans
             hang
             up
             clusters
             of
             ripe
             Grapes
             (
             suffering
             them
             not
             to
             touch
             one
             another
             )
             upon
             lines
             in
             a
             cold
             Gallery
             ,
             or
             rather
             in
             their
             Bed-chambers
             ;
             which
             being
             dried
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             yet
             neither
             swell
             the
             stomach
             nor
             cause
             loosness
             :
             in
             heat
             of
             agues
             one
             such
             Grape
             or
             two
             at
             the
             most
             do
             more
             refresh
             the
             mouth
             ,
             and
             restore
             the
             taste
             ,
             then
             six
             ownces
             of
             conserve
             of
             cold
             Berberies
             .
          
           
             Haselnuts
             are
             already
             written
             of
             in
             our
             Treatise
             of
             Filbirds
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mala
             Iunia
             .
          
           
             Iunitings
             are
             the
             first
             kind
             of
             Apples
             which
             are
             soonest
             ripe
             ,
             coming
             in
             and
             going
             out
             with
             the
             Month
             of
             June
             ;
             of
             a
             little
             round
             and
             light
             substance
             ,
             tender
             pulp
             ,
             and
             very
             fragrant
             smell
             ;
             sent
             at
             that
             time
             to
             cool
             
             choler
             ,
             slake
             thirst
             ,
             and
             restore
             spirits
             decayed
             with
             heat
             of
             Summer
             ;
             it
             giveth
             sufficient
             though
             no
             great
             nor
             strong
             nourishment
             ,
             being
             fitter
             for
             young
             and
             hot
             complections
             ,
             then
             them
             which
             are
             weakned
             with
             phleagm
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gorni
             .
          
           
             Kornils
             or
             Corneols
             are
             of
             a
             very
             astringent
             and
             binding
             taste
             ,
             fit
             to
             nourish
             weak
             stomachs
             that
             can
             keep
             nothing
             ,
             or
             weak
             guts
             that
             void
             all
             things
             .
             For
             sound
             men
             they
             are
             not
             good
             ,
             but
             eaten
             in
             small
             quantity
             after
             meat
             ;
             because
             they
             firmly
             seal
             up
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             accidentally
             help
             concoctition
             .
             Tart
             stuff
             or
             Marmalade
             may
             be
             made
             of
             them
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             wherein
             no
             doubt
             the
             excel
             quinces
             ,
             Egleutius
             berries
             be
             of
             the
             like
             substance
             and
             nature
             .
          
        
         
           
             Malum
             Limonium
             .
          
           
             Lemmons
             approach
             neer
             unto
             Citrons
             :
             and
             Limes
             are
             engendred
             of
             them
             both
             .
             Their
             poulp
             is
             cold
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             third
             degree
             ;
             their
             peel
             hot
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             their
             seed
             temperate
             .
             If
             you
             eat
             the
             juice
             alone
             ,
             it
             causeth
             gripings
             ,
             leanness
             and
             crudities
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             eat
             the
             peel
             with
             the
             pulp
             (
             as
             nature
             seemeth
             therefore
             to
             have
             united
             them
             )
             the
             heat
             of
             the
             one
             correcteth
             the
             rawness
             of
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             not
             onely
             the
             stomach
             but
             also
             the
             heart
             is
             comforted
             by
             them
             both
             .
             They
             of
             Naples
             
             and
             Genoa
             slice
             the
             best
             and
             sourest
             Lemons
             and
             Citrons
             very
             thinn
             ,
             and
             having
             cast
             on
             salt
             and
             rosewater
             ,
             use
             them
             as
             a
             general
             sawce
             to
             all
             flesh
             and
             fish
             ;
             by
             which
             preparation
             an
             appetite
             is
             procured
             ,
             their
             wine
             well
             tasted
             ,
             and
             their
             kidneys
             scowred
             .
          
           
             But
             forasmuch
             as
             we
             live
             in
             a
             colder
             climate
             ,
             it
             is
             best
             to
             take
             the
             ripest
             sort
             of
             Lemmons
             ,
             and
             to
             steep
             their
             slises
             ,
             peel
             and
             all
             in
             wine
             ,
             sugar
             and
             cinamon
             upon
             the
             warm
             coals
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             eat
             them
             alone
             ,
             or
             with
             our
             meat
             .
             Let
             old
             and
             consumed
             persons
             beware
             of
             them
             ;
             
             for
             they
             will
             spend
             their
             spirits
             with
             abundance
             of
             urine
             ,
             and
             also
             overthrow
             their
             natural
             heat
             ,
             which
             is
             rather
             to
             be
             quickned
             and
             restored
             with
             wine
             ,
             then
             quenched
             or
             quelled
             with
             so
             great
             a
             cooler
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mespila
             .
          
           
             
             Medlers
             were
             not
             seen
             in
             Italy
             whilst
             Cato
             lived
             ,
             but
             now
             in
             England
             there
             be
             too
             many
             .
             Concerning
             the
             fruit
             it self
             ,
             it
             is
             never
             good
             till
             it
             be
             rotten
             ;
             wherein
             the
             bus-meddlers
             of
             our
             age
             may
             also
             worthily
             be
             compared
             to
             them
             :
             the
             great
             ones
             (
             called
             Setania
             )
             have
             most
             pulp
             ,
             the
             little
             ones
             less
             ,
             but
             more
             fine
             and
             fragrant
             :
             these
             also
             do
             more
             comfort
             and
             bind
             the
             stomach
             ,
             though
             the
             great
             ones
             excell
             them
             in
             plenty
             of
             nourishment
             :
             either
             sort
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             last
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             of
             an
             heavy
             and
             astringent
             nature
             ,
             burdensom
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             engendering
             gross
             humours
             ,
             if
             the
             be
             eaten
             first
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mora.
             
          
           
             Mulberies
             being
             black
             and
             fat
             (
             which
             is
             a
             signe
             of
             their
             full
             ripeness
             )
             are
             hot
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             and
             moist
             in
             the
             second
             ;
             fittest
             to
             be
             eaten
             before
             meat
             ;
             because
             they
             easily
             pass
             from
             out
             the
             stomach
             to
             the
             guts
             ,
             drawing
             the
             other
             meat
             along
             with
             themselves
             :
             they
             please
             the
             stomach
             ,
             procure
             losness
             of
             body
             and
             urine
             ,
             nourish
             ●ound
             and
             clean
             bodies
             ,
             though
             they
             corrupt
             in
             unclean
             stomachs
             ;
             also
             they
             smoothen
             the
             harshness
             of
             the
             
             throate
             ,
             quench
             thirst
             ,
             delay
             choller
             ,
             and
             cause
             no
             great
             ,
             but
             yet
             a
             natural
             appetite
             to
             meat
             .
             They
             should
             be
             gathered
             before
             Sun-rising
             ,
             and
             given
             onely
             (
             as
             I
             said
             )
             to
             clean
             stomachs
             and
             before
             meat
             ;
             for
             they
             will
             else
             corrupt
             and
             swell
             us
             up
             ,
             and
             drive
             us
             perhaps
             into
             some
             putrified
             fever
             .
             They
             are
             fittest
             in
             Summer
             for
             young
             men
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             abound
             with
             blood
             and
             choler
             .
          
           
             Unripe
             Mulberies
             (
             which
             is
             discerned
             by
             their
             whiteness
             
             and
             redness
             )
             may
             be
             good
             to
             make
             medicins
             for
             ulcered
             throats
             and
             fluxes
             of
             the
             belly
             ,
             but
             they
             deserve
             not
             the
             names
             of
             nourishments
             .
          
           
             When
             Mulberies
             cannot
             be
             gotten
             ,
             Blackberries
             or
             
             Dewberries
             may
             supply
             their
             room
             ,
             to
             which
             Galen
             ascribeth
             the
             like
             vertues
             .
             This
             one
             thing
             let
             us
             note
             ,
             omitted
             of
             all
             Herbarists
             of
             our
             latter
             age
             ;
             that
             albeit
             a
             Mulbery
             Tree
             be
             called
             in
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Morus
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               a
               fool
            
             ;
             yet
             her
             wisdome
             excelleth
             all
             other
             Trees
             in
             my
             judgement
             ,
             because
             it
             never
             budeth
             till
             all
             sharp
             weather
             be
             clean
             gone
             ,
             and
             then
             spredeth
             out
             her
             leaves
             more
             in
             a
             day
             ,
             then
             all
             other
             Trees
             did
             in
             thirty
             before
             .
          
        
         
           
             Olivae
             .
          
           
             
             Olives
             (
             the
             desired
             salade
             of
             divine
             Plato
             )
             are
             an
             usual
             dish
             at
             most
             mens
             Tables
             ,
             though
             none
             of
             them
             grow
             in
             England
             .
             Wild
             Olives
             are
             better
             ,
             then
             those
             which
             are
             set
             in
             City
             Orchards
             ;
             which
             the
             very
             Birds
             do
             know
             in
             Italy
             ,
             more
             coveting
             the
             wilder
             sort
             .
             We
             have
             three
             sorts
             of
             them
             brought
             into
             our
             Countrey
             ,
             Spanish-olives
             ,
             Italian
             olives
             ,
             and
             Olives
             of
             Provence
             .
             The
             first
             sort
             is
             the
             biggest
             ,
             but
             yet
             the
             worst
             ,
             being
             too
             yellow
             ,
             too
             soft
             ,
             and
             too
             full
             of
             oil
             :
             the
             Italian
             Olive
             is
             almost
             as
             big
             ,
             but
             more
             firm
             of
             flesh
             ,
             and
             pleasanter
             through
             retaining
             his
             natural
             greenishness
             .
             The
             Province
             Olives
             are
             less
             then
             either
             ,
             something
             ▪
             bitterer
             also
             and
             more
             leather
             like
             skin'd
             ,
             yet
             better
             for
             the
             stomach
             then
             the
             Spanish
             ,
             though
             nothing
             neer
             the
             Italian
             or
             Bononian
             Olive
             in
             flesh
             ,
             taste
             ,
             or
             goodness
             :
             There
             also
             their
             pickles
             is
             made
             of
             water
             ,
             salt
             ,
             ind
             sweet
             fennel
             ,
             which
             giveth
             them
             a
             greater
             grace
             ,
             and
             maketh
             them
             less
             heavy
             unto
             weak
             stomachs
             .
          
           
             All
             Olives
             (
             even
             the
             best
             )
             are
             but
             of
             slow
             and
             little
             nourishment
             ;
             serving
             especially
             to
             provoke
             appetite
             ,
             to
             cleanse
             the
             stomach
             of
             phlegm
             ,
             to
             strengthen
             the
             
             guts
             ,
             and
             to
             cure
             loathing
             of
             meat
             .
             It
             were
             good
             to
             take
             them
             out
             of
             their
             salt
             pickle
             (
             which
             enflameth
             blood
             )
             and
             to
             lay
             them
             a
             while
             in
             vinegar
             before
             we
             eat
             them
             ,
             to
             correct
             their
             heat
             ,
             and
             make
             them
             more
             agreeable
             to
             the
             stomach
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             meat
             with
             a
             French
             salad
             ;
             for
             being
             first
             eaten
             ,
             they
             lye
             heavy
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             being
             last
             eaten
             ,
             they
             offend
             the
             head
             with
             their
             brackish
             and
             salt
             vapours
             ,
             which
             hinder
             sleep
             and
             encrease
             thirst
             .
          
        
         
           
             Malum
             Aurantium
             .
          
           
             Orenges
             are
             brought
             hither
             of
             three
             kinds
             ,
             some
             exceeding
             sweet
             ,
             others
             soure
             ,
             and
             the
             third
             sort
             unsavory
             ,
             or
             of
             no
             rellish
             .
             The
             first
             sort
             are
             sweet
             and
             temperately
             hot
             ,
             of
             indifferent
             nourishment
             ,
             good
             for
             stoppings
             of
             the
             brest
             ,
             rhumes
             and
             melancholy
             .
             Very
             soure
             Orenges
             are
             extreamly
             cold
             ,
             making
             thin
             and
             watrish
             blood
             ,
             and
             griping
             the
             belly
             ;
             but
             right
             Civil-orenges
             have
             a
             pleasant
             verdure
             betwixt
             sweet
             and
             soure
             ;
             whose
             juice
             and
             flesh
             preserved
             ,
             cause
             a
             good
             appetite
             ,
             bridle
             choler
             ,
             quench
             thirst
             ,
             yet
             neither
             cool
             nor
             dry
             in
             any
             excess
             .
             As
             for
             unsavory
             Orenges
             ,
             they
             neither
             nourish
             nor
             serve
             to
             any
             good
             use
             ;
             but
             lie
             heavy
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             stirring
             up
             wind
             and
             breeding
             obstructions
             in
             the
             belly
             :
             being
             eaten
             with
             sugar
             and
             cinamon
             ,
             civil-orenges
             give
             a
             pretty
             nourishment
             to
             aguish
             persons
             ,
             whose
             stomachs
             can
             digest
             no
             strong
             meats
             ;
             and
             also
             their
             pills
             preserved
             do
             somewhat
             nourish
             ,
             especially
             if
             they
             be
             not
             spoiled
             of
             the
             white
             part
             ,
             which
             is
             most
             nourishing
             ;
             as
             the
             outward
             rind
             contrariwise
             is
             most
             medicinable
             ;
             chuse
             the
             heaviest
             ,
             ripest
             ,
             and
             best
             coloured
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             taste
             pleasantly
             betwixt
             sweet
             and
             soure
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mala
             Persica
             .
          
           
             Peaches
             shew
             manifestly
             how
             change
             of
             earth
             and
             climate
             may
             alter
             natures
             ;
             For
             Columella
             and
             divers
             before
             
             Plinies
             time
             have
             recorded
             ,
             that
             in
             Persia
             (
             from
             whence
             they
             were
             brought
             into
             Europe
             )
             peaches
             are
             a
             deadly
             poison
             ;
             but
             with
             us
             the
             smell
             of
             a
             ripe
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             fragrant
             peach
             comforteth
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             their
             meat
             not
             onely
             causeth
             appetite
             ,
             maketh
             a
             sweet
             breath
             and
             cooleth
             choler
             ,
             but
             also
             easily
             digesteth
             and
             giveth
             good
             nourishment
             .
             I
             never
             saw
             greater
             store
             of
             good
             peaches
             then
             in
             Suitzerland
             ;
             where
             the
             poor
             men
             fat
             themselves
             and
             their
             hoggs
             with
             them
             exceedingly
             when
             they
             are
             in
             season
             .
             All
             Peaches
             are
             to
             be
             quartered
             ,
             and
             laid
             in
             strong
             wine
             before
             they
             are
             eaten
             .
             Ripe
             Peaches
             according
             
             to
             Galens
             rule
             must
             be
             eaten
             in
             the
             beginning
             of
             meals
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             a
             moist
             and
             slippery
             fruit
             ;
             but
             hard
             and
             unripe
             Peaches
             are
             best
             at
             the
             end
             of
             meat
             (
             if
             ever
             they
             are
             good
             at
             all
             )
             yea
             though
             they
             be
             candied
             or
             preserved
             ;
             yet
             Peaches
             must
             be
             sparingly
             eaten
             ,
             for
             many
             are
             dangerous
             ,
             and
             killed
             Theognostus
             that
             fine
             Scholer
             ,
             so
             much
             lamented
             in
             the
             Greek
             Epigrams
             .
             Four
             good
             morsels
             ,
             Peaches
             ,
             Figs
             ,
             Melons
             ,
             and
             Champignois
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pyra
             .
          
           
             Pears
             be
             of
             infinite
             kindes
             ,
             because
             men
             by
             graffing
             divers
             Pears
             together
             have
             made
             of
             them
             infinite
             mixtures
             .
             The
             Norwich-pear
             ,
             and
             St.
             
             Thomas-Pear
             are
             most
             durable
             and
             very
             good
             ;
             the
             Sand-pear
             is
             firm
             and
             also
             nourishing
             ;
             the
             Lady-pear
             is
             too
             watrish
             ,
             though
             beautiful
             in
             colour
             :
             The
             Katherin-pear
             is
             simply
             best
             and
             best
             relished
             :
             The
             Musk-pear
             is
             very
             cordial
             ;
             The
             Long-tail
             hath
             a
             good
             verdure
             ;
             The
             Puff-pear
             is
             full
             of
             wind
             :
             The
             Bell-pear
             is
             very
             sappy
             :
             The
             Tanckard-pear
             is
             somewhat
             bitterish
             and
             noisome
             to
             the
             stomach
             .
             But
             leaving
             their
             infinite
             differences
             of
             shape
             ,
             colour
             ,
             and
             
             time
             ,
             let
             us
             onely
             write
             of
             their
             differences
             in
             taste
             ,
             which
             is
             chiefly
             to
             be
             regarded
             .
             All
             sweet
             Pears
             be
             most
             nourishing
             ,
             cleansing
             the
             brest
             of
             Phleagm
             ,
             comforting
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             least
             binding
             .
             Soure
             and
             harsh
             Pears
             are
             exceeding
             hurtful
             to
             the
             stomach
             and
             sinewy
             parts
             ;
             unsavory
             Pears
             breed
             ill
             juice
             ,
             and
             bitter
             Pears
             nourish
             nothing
             at
             all
             .
             If
             a
             well
             rellished
             Pear
             be
             also
             endued
             with
             a
             fragrant
             smell
             (
             as
             the
             Katherin
             Pear
             ,
             Violet
             ,
             Poppering
             ,
             Sugar-Pear
             ,
             Musk-pear
             and
             such
             like
             )
             they
             are
             to
             be
             preferred
             before
             all
             others
             .
             
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             preparation
             of
             Pears
             ,
             they
             are
             worst
             raw
             ,
             and
             their
             skinn
             is
             most
             unwholesome
             ;
             without
             wine
             they
             are
             counted
             poison
             ,
             especially
             being
             largely
             taken
             as
             a
             meat
             .
             They
             are
             best
             being
             eaten
             last
             ,
             as
             contrariwise
             Apples
             for
             the
             most
             part
             are
             first
             to
             be
             eaten
             ;
             because
             they
             are
             rather
             of
             a
             loosning
             then
             an
             astringent
             nature
             .
             They
             are
             best
             baked
             ,
             
             then
             roasted
             ;
             but
             dryed
             Pears
             (
             in
             
               Harry
               Stevens
            
             judgement
             )
             surpass
             all
             for
             strong
             nourishment
             .
             They
             are
             temperate
             in
             heat
             and
             cold
             ,
             but
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             :
             which
             causeth
             them
             to
             cease
             fluxes
             and
             vomits
             ,
             to
             repel
             vapours
             ,
             and
             strengthen
             the
             stomach
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pruna
             .
          
           
             Plums
             grow
             here
             in
             such
             variety
             ,
             that
             to
             name
             them
             onely
             were
             a
             tedious
             work
             .
             The
             most
             pulppy
             ,
             sweet
             ,
             pleasant
             and
             nourishing
             be
             these
             .
             
               Pear-plums
               ,
               Violet-plums
               ,
               Pescod-plums
            
             our
             
               Ladies-plums
               ,
               Wheatplums
               ,
               Mawdlins
            
             ,
             and
             Damsins
             ,
             whereof
             we
             have
             already
             spoken
             .
          
           
             The
             least
             nourishing
             (
             though
             some
             of
             them
             taste
             not
             unpleasantly
             ,
             especially
             the
             Christian-plum
             )
             are
             Bullices
             ,
             Christians
             ,
             Prunellaes
             ,
             Skegs
             and
             Horseplums
             .
          
           
             All
             Plums
             baked
             ,
             stued
             ,
             or
             preserved
             with
             sugar
             do
             more
             plentifully
             nourish
             ,
             because
             much
             of
             their
             sharpness
             ,
             watrishness
             ,
             and
             rawness
             is
             thereby
             corrected
             .
          
           
           
             Alwaies
             remember
             to
             eat
             the
             sweetest
             sort
             before
             ,
             and
             the
             sourest
             sorts
             of
             Plums
             after
             meat
             ,
             least
             unorderly
             eating
             cause
             that
             to
             be
             blamed
             ,
             which
             was
             good
             and
             wholesome
             in
             his
             due
             place
             .
          
           
             Here
             I
             have
             occasion
             to
             speak
             of
             the
             paste
             of
             Genoa
             made
             of
             fragrant
             and
             fine
             ripe
             Plums
             ;
             which
             no
             doubt
             is
             not
             onely
             cordial
             ,
             but
             also
             restorative
             to
             such
             stomachs
             ,
             as
             through
             extremities
             of
             agues
             have
             lost
             their
             strength
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mala
             Punica
             .
          
           
             Pomegranads
             when
             they
             are
             sweet
             and
             thorough
             ripe
             ,
             loosen
             phlegm
             ,
             help
             the
             stomach
             ,
             brest
             ,
             and
             cough
             ,
             encrease
             
             venery
             ,
             provoke
             urine
             ,
             loosen
             the
             belly
             ,
             moisten
             the
             spiritual
             parts
             ,
             and
             give
             indifferent
             store
             of
             good
             nourishment
             :
             they
             are
             best
             in
             Winter
             for
             old
             men
             and
             phlegmatick
             constitutions
             .
          
           
             
             Soure
             Pomegranads
             hurt
             a
             cold
             stomach
             ,
             straiten
             the
             brest
             ,
             hinder
             expectoration
             ,
             stop
             the
             liver
             ,
             offend
             both
             teeth
             and
             gums
             ,
             cool
             excessively
             ,
             stay
             all
             humoral
             fluxes
             ,
             yet
             provoke
             urine
             most
             plentifully
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             are
             more
             prescribed
             in
             agues
             then
             the
             sweet
             ones
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             cholerick
             young
             men
             subject
             to
             scowrings
             .
             
               Paulus
               Aegineta
            
             affirmeth
             ,
             soure
             Pomegranads
             to
             bind
             onely
             sound
             mens
             bodies
             ,
             but
             not
             such
             as
             be
             sick
             .
             Howsoever
             it
             is
             ,
             sith
             the
             ones
             goodness
             resisteth
             the
             others
             hurtfulness
             ,
             it
             is
             best
             to
             mingle
             both
             their
             juices
             for
             such
             as
             be
             aguish
             or
             weak
             ,
             and
             severally
             to
             use
             them
             for
             the
             strong
             according
             as
             occasion
             serveth
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mala
             cotonea
             &
             Cydonia
             .
          
           
             Quinces
             are
             of
             two
             sorts
             ;
             an
             Apple-quince
             called
             
               malum
               cotoneum
            
             ,
             and
             a
             Pear
             ▪
             quince
             called
             of
             
               Dioscorides
               Struthium
            
             ;
             both
             of
             them
             were
             first
             brought
             from
             Cydon
             ,
             a
             castle
             in
             Candy
             ,
             whereupon
             they
             are
             commonly
             called
             
               mala
               Cydonia
            
             ;
             we
             account
             most
             of
             the
             latter
             sort
             ;
             but
             the
             cotton
             and
             downy
             Quince
             made
             like
             an
             Apple
             ,
             
             is
             most
             commended
             of
             the
             Grecian
             and
             Latin
             writers
             .
             Of
             either
             of
             them
             chuse
             the
             most
             clear
             ,
             transparant
             ,
             thin-skind
             ,
             ungravelly
             ,
             downy
             ,
             best
             smelling
             ,
             and
             most
             furrowed
             as
             it
             were
             with
             long
             streaks
             ;
             for
             the
             very
             scent
             of
             such
             is
             comfortable
             ,
             and
             though
             their
             raw
             flesh
             be
             as
             hard
             as
             raw
             beefe
             unto
             weak
             stomachs
             ,
             yet
             being
             roasted
             ,
             or
             baked
             ,
             or
             made
             into
             Marmalade
             ,
             or
             cunningly
             preserved
             ,
             they
             give
             a
             wholesome
             and
             good
             nourishment
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             body
             soluble
             being
             eaten
             last
             at
             meat
             ;
             for
             if
             you
             eat
             them
             first
             ,
             they
             clyng
             the
             stomach
             ,
             cause
             exceeding
             costiffness
             ,
             and
             hinder
             digestion
             ,
             as
             Galen
             
             sufficiently
             tried
             in
             Protas
             the
             Orator
             .
             They
             are
             cold
             in
             the
             first
             degree
             ,
             and
             dry
             almost
             in
             the
             second
             :
             agreeing
             with
             all
             ages
             ,
             times
             ,
             and
             complexions
             ,
             where
             just
             occasion
             is
             given
             to
             use
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Uvae
             passae
             .
          
           
             Raisins
             are
             of
             the
             same
             temperature
             with
             the
             Grapes
             which
             they
             are
             made
             of
             ,
             being
             also
             as
             divers
             in
             taste
             ,
             substance
             and
             quality
             ,
             as
             they
             be
             .
             That
             Noah
             was
             the
             first
             planter
             of
             Vines
             ,
             Christians
             know
             better
             out
             of
             the
             Bible
             ,
             then
             any
             Poet
             or
             heathen
             writer
             could
             ever
             aim
             at
             ;
             but
             who
             first
             divised
             the
             drying
             of
             Raisins
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             or
             the
             pressing
             them
             into
             frailes
             ,
             it
             is
             neither
             set
             down
             by
             Pliny
             nor
             any
             other
             Author
             that
             I
             have
             read
             .
             Onely
             this
             I
             finde
             by
             reason
             and
             experience
             ,
             that
             the
             greatest
             ,
             fattest
             ,
             sweetest
             ,
             longest
             and
             blewest
             Raisins
             of
             the
             Sun
             are
             ever
             best
             ;
             nourishing
             sufficiently
             ,
             moderately
             clensing
             ,
             very
             well
             temperating
             ill
             humours
             ,
             mitigating
             all
             paines
             ,
             and
             engendring
             very
             pure
             and
             good
             blood
             ;
             yea
             the
             African
             Physitians
             that
             lived
             in
             Galens
             time
             did
             
             with
             one
             voice
             and
             consent
             protest
             thus
             much
             of
             them
             ,
             that
             for
             opening
             the
             brest
             ,
             stomach
             and
             lungs
             ;
             for
             cleansing
             the
             blood
             ,
             kidneys
             ,
             and
             bladder
             ,
             for
             ceasing
             all
             pains
             of
             the
             guts
             and
             moderate
             nourishment
             ,
             no
             fruit
             
             is
             to
             be
             compared
             unto
             Raisins
             .
             Matthiolus
             in
             his
             Commentaries
             
             upon
             Dioscorides
             saith
             that
             Raisins
             of
             the
             Sun
             being
             either
             voided
             of
             their
             kernels
             or
             growing
             without
             kernels
             ,
             loosen
             the
             belly
             ,
             help
             hoarseness
             ,
             and
             both
             nourish
             and
             cleanse
             the
             liver
             :
             contrariwise
             being
             eaten
             with
             the
             stones
             or
             kernels
             ,
             they
             work
             rather
             a
             contrary
             operation
             .
             That
             Grapes
             nourish
             much
             ,
             we
             may
             see
             (
             saith
             
             Galen
             )
             by
             Vintage
             labourers
             ,
             who
             come
             lean
             to
             the
             vineyard
             ,
             but
             return
             as
             fat
             as
             Hogs
             .
             Much
             more
             do
             Rasins
             of
             the
             Sun
             and
             other
             Raisins
             nourish
             our
             bodies
             ,
             and
             are
             therefore
             to
             be
             accounted
             for
             no
             bad
             meats
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pyra
             volema
             Plinij
             .
          
           
             Wardens
             or
             Palme-pears
             so
             called
             ,
             because
             one
             of
             them
             will
             fill
             the
             palm
             of
             a
             hand
             ,
             were
             first
             brought
             into
             
             credit
             by
             
               Livia
               Pompeja
            
             ;
             they
             are
             very
             hurtful
             and
             almost
             indigestible
             being
             eaten
             raw
             or
             green
             ;
             but
             towards
             Winter
             they
             are
             very
             wholesome
             for
             a
             weak
             stomach
             ,
             being
             stued
             ,
             bakt
             ,
             or
             roasted
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             preferred
             for
             nourishment
             before
             all
             fruit
             ;
             engendring
             (
             especially
             when
             they
             are
             sweet
             and
             red
             )
             most
             wholesome
             juice
             ;
             strengthening
             concoction
             ,
             repelling
             vapours
             from
             the
             head
             ,
             and
             comforting
             the
             weak
             and
             decayed
             spirits
             :
             would
             to
             God
             every
             hedge
             were
             as
             full
             of
             them
             as
             they
             are
             of
             wild
             Pears
             and
             Crabs
             ,
             that
             both
             poor
             and
             rich
             might
             have
             a
             competent
             nourishment
             when
             fish
             and
             flesh
             can
             hardly
             be
             gotten
             .
          
        
         
           
             Iuglandes
             .
          
           
             Wallnuts
             or
             Iupiters
             acorns
             (
             for
             so
             the
             Greeks
             and
             Latins
             
             called
             them
             )
             are
             sufficiently
             nourishing
             whilst
             they
             are
             green
             ,
             but
             when
             they
             once
             wax
             so
             dry
             that
             they
             hardly
             peel
             ,
             they
             are
             more
             medicinable
             then
             nourishing
             :
             either
             
             of
             them
             engender
             the
             cough
             and
             cause
             headache
             ;
             but
             if
             you
             peel
             new
             Walnuts
             and
             wash
             them
             in
             wine
             and
             salt
             ,
             they
             are
             least
             offensive
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             yet
             more
             
             nourishing
             if
             you
             eat
             them
             with
             sugar
             .
             Old
             Walnuts
             are
             hot
             in
             the
             third
             degree
             ,
             and
             dry
             in
             the
             second
             ;
             new
             Walnuts
             are
             most
             temperate
             in
             each
             respect
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             old
             men
             and
             phlegmatick
             persons
             ,
             being
             eaten
             at
             the
             end
             of
             the
             Fall
             ,
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             winter
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XXIII
           .
        
         
           Of
           such
           Fruits
           of
           the
           Garden
           as
           are
           nourishing
           .
        
         
           A
           Atichokes
           grew
           sometimes
           onely
           in
           the
           Isle
           of
           Sicil
           ;
           and
           since
           my
           remembrance
           they
           were
           so
           dainty
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           usually
           they
           were
           sold
           for
           crownes
           a
           peice
           :
           now
           industry
           and
           skill
           hath
           made
           them
           so
           common
           ,
           that
           the
           poorest
           man
           is
           possessed
           of
           Princes
           dainties
           .
           
             Julius
             Capitolinus
          
           in
           the
           life
           of
           Pertinax
           ,
           and
           Pliny
           likewise
           in
           the
           19
           book
           of
           his
           natural
           History
           ,
           reports
           Artichokes
           to
           have
           been
           of
           such
           estimation
           in
           Carthage
           and
           Corduba
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           sold
           as
           many
           Artichokes
           in
           one
           year
           ,
           as
           came
           to
           six
           thousand
           Sesterties
           ,
           which
           maketh
           thirty
           thousand
           pound
           Sterling
           .
           The
           first
           sprouts
           of
           Artichoke-leavs
           being
           sod
           in
           good
           broth
           with
           butter
           ,
           
           do
           not
           onely
           nourish
           ,
           but
           also
           mightily
           stir
           up
           lust
           of
           the
           body
           both
           in
           men
           and
           women
           :
           the
           young
           heads
           of
           them
           eaten
           raw
           with
           pepper
           and
           salt
           do
           the
           like
           ;
           but
           the
           great
           heads
           being
           once
           come
           to
           perfection
           ,
           howsoever
           they
           are
           counted
           windy
           &
           hard
           of
           digestion
           ,
           fuming
           up
           to
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           burdensom
           to
           the
           stomach
           :
           yet
           certain
           it
           is
           that
           they
           are
           of
           great
           nourishment
           being
           well
           prepared
           .
           Some
           
           boil
           them
           in
           fat
           poudred
           beefe
           broth
           till
           they
           be
           tender
           ,
           and
           then
           eat
           them
           with
           vinegar
           ,
           pepper
           ,
           sugar
           ,
           butter
           ,
           and
           salt
           .
           Others
           having
           parboiled
           them
           a
           little
           ,
           take
           the
           pulpy
           
           part
           in
           the
           bottome
           ,
           and
           with
           sweet
           Marrow
           ,
           Verjuice
           ,
           Pepper
           ,
           Sugar
           ,
           and
           Gooseberries
           ,
           make
           most
           excellent
           and
           restorative
           Pies
           .
           The
           Italians
           broil
           them
           on
           a
           Gridiron
           ,
           setting
           their
           bottoms
           downward
           ,
           and
           pouring
           on
           a
           little
           sweet
           oil
           upon
           every
           leaf
           assoon
           as
           they
           open
           with
           the
           heat
           ,
           and
           as
           that
           soakes
           in
           ,
           they
           put
           in
           a
           little
           more
           :
           for
           if
           much
           should
           be
           poured
           in
           at
           once
           ,
           they
           would
           smel
           of
           the
           smoak
           ,
           by
           reason
           that
           the
           oil
           would
           drop
           into
           the
           fire
           .
           This
           way
           the
           Artichoke
           is
           least
           windy
           ,
           and
           (
           if
           it
           be
           eaten
           with
           Sugar
           ,
           Butter
           ,
           and
           the
           juice
           of
           an
           Orenge
           )
           most
           pleasant
           likewise
           .
           They
           are
           hot
           in
           two
           degrees
           ,
           and
           dry
           in
           one
           ;
           and
           therefore
           fittest
           for
           cold
           ,
           aged
           persons
           ,
           and
           complexions
           .
           Remember
           that
           raw
           Artichokes
           are
           to
           be
           eaten
           towards
           the
           end
           of
           meals
           ,
           but
           the
           other
           at
           the
           beginning
           or
           in
           the
           midst
           .
        
         
           
             Asparagus
             .
          
           
             Asparagus
             was
             in
             old
             time
             a
             meat
             for
             such
             Emperours
             as
             
               Julius
               Caesar
            
             ;
             now
             every
             boord
             is
             served
             with
             them
             .
             They
             must
             be
             presently
             gathered
             when
             their
             heads
             bow
             downwards
             ,
             and
             being
             sodden
             in
             two
             or
             three
             waters
             (
             to
             ridd
             them
             of
             bitterness
             )
             they
             are
             to
             be
             boiled
             in
             mutton
             broth
             till
             they
             be
             tender
             ,
             which
             is
             done
             in
             a
             trice
             .
             The
             greatest
             and
             tenderest
             stalked
             are
             ever
             best
             ,
             and
             few
             or
             no
             kind
             of
             herbs
             nourish
             more
             ,
             being
             spoiled
             of
             their
             bitterness
             and
             eaten
             hot
             .
             Galen
             doubteth
             of
             their
             active
             quality
             ,
             but
             yet
             experience
             sheweth
             them
             to
             be
             temperately
             moist
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             exceed
             in
             heat
             the
             first
             degree
             .
          
           
             
             Ballocks-grass
             ,
             or
             Satyrium
             (
             whereof
             there
             be
             five
             principal
             kinds
             )
             is
             only
             nourishing
             in
             the
             full
             ,
             heavy
             and
             sappy
             root
             ;
             for
             the
             other
             is
             of
             clean
             contrary
             disposition
             .
             Some
             eat
             them
             being
             boiled
             in
             Goats
             milke
             and
             Sugar
             .
             Others
             candy
             them
             ,
             or
             keep
             them
             in
             Syrup
             :
             
             any
             way
             they
             encrease
             bodily
             lust
             strengthen
             the
             liver
             ,
             help
             the
             parts
             of
             conception
             ,
             restore
             them
             which
             are
             consumed
             ,
             and
             give
             plentiful
             nourishment
             in
             hectick
             Fevors
             .
             ▪
          
        
         
           
             Mora
             rubi
             .
          
           
             Bramble-berries
             ,
             or
             Black-berries
             ,
             be
             they
             of
             the
             greater
             or
             the
             less
             kind
             ,
             are
             temperately
             warm
             ,
             and
             sufficiently
             nourishing
             to
             a
             weak
             stomach
             .
             How
             the
             poor
             live
             upon
             them
             ,
             daily
             experience
             sheweth
             ;
             yet
             being
             much
             eaten
             they
             bind
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             engender
             such
             putrified
             humors
             as
             beget
             both
             scabs
             and
             lice
             .
          
        
         
           
             Borrago
             .
             Buglossa
             .
             Sirsium
             .
          
           
             
               Borrage
               ,
               Bugloss
            
             and
             Langdebeif
             ,
             are
             of
             so
             great
             a
             temperature
             in
             all
             qualities
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             not
             only
             commended
             for
             special
             Cordials
             being
             steeped
             in
             Wine
             ,
             or
             made
             into
             Conserves
             ;
             but
             also
             their
             flowers
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             and
             roots
             are
             esteemed
             restorative
             ,
             nourishing
             weak
             bodies
             sufficiently
             ,
             and
             strengthening
             the
             parts
             of
             nourishment
             more
             then
             meanly
             ,
             being
             sodden
             in
             broths
             ,
             cullises
             ,
             or
             gellies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Personatae
             radix
             .
          
           
             Burr-roots
             ,
             (
             I
             mean
             of
             the
             Clot
             burr
             ,
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             by
             the
             Greeks
             )
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             and
             tender
             ,
             in
             the
             month
             of
             April
             ,
             are
             very
             wholesome
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             being
             eaten
             like
             a
             young
             green
             Artichoke
             with
             pepper
             and
             salt
             .
             The
             Frenchmen
             and
             Italians
             first
             found
             them
             out
             :
             since
             which
             time
             they
             are
             more
             common
             amongst
             us
             ,
             through
             the
             means
             of
             them
             which
             have
             travelled
             into
             strange
             Countries
             .
          
        
         
           
             Brassicae
             .
          
           
             Coleworts
             be
             of
             divers
             sorts
             ,
             but
             the
             most
             nourishing
             of
             all
             is
             your
             white-leafed
             Cabbage
             (
             as
             big
             as
             a
             great
             
             loaf
             )
             called
             
               Brassica
               Tritiana
            
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             the
             Italians
             calleth
             
               Cauli
               flores
            
             :
             so
             beloved
             of
             Pompey
             ,
             that
             it
             
             was
             termed
             
               Brassica
               Pompeiana
            
             .
             Either
             of
             them
             must
             first
             gently
             be
             sodden
             in
             fair
             water
             ,
             then
             again
             steeped
             all
             night
             in
             warm
             milk
             ;
             afterwards
             seeth
             them
             with
             fat
             marrow
             or
             in
             fat
             brues
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             very
             nourishing
             without
             offence
             .
             Otherwise
             all
             Coleworts
             engender
             gross
             and
             melancholique
             bloud
             .
             Choose
             ever
             the
             whitest
             and
             tenderest
             leafed
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             of
             the
             finest
             and
             
             best
             nourishment
             .
             The
             Aegyptians
             eat
             Cabbage
             first
             to
             prevent
             drunkenness
             .
          
        
         
           
             Danci
             hortenses
             .
          
           
             
               Carot
               roots
            
             ,
             are
             very
             temperate
             in
             heat
             and
             driness
             ,
             of
             an
             aromatical
             and
             spice-like
             taste
             ,
             warming
             the
             inward
             parts
             ,
             and
             giving
             great
             nourishment
             to
             indifferent
             stomachs
             ,
             being
             sodden
             in
             fat
             and
             fleshy
             broth
             ,
             or
             else
             buttered
             .
             The
             yellower
             the
             root
             ,
             the
             more
             sweet
             ,
             tender
             ,
             and
             aromatical
             is
             the
             Carot
             :
             and
             the
             best
             grow
             in
             a
             black
             ,
             soft
             and
             ripe
             though
             not
             in
             a
             forced
             earth
             .
          
        
         
           
             Anguriae
             Citruli
             .
          
           
             
             Citruls
             ,
             (
             so
             much
             beloved
             of
             Tiberius
             the
             Emperor
             )
             are
             of
             like
             temperature
             with
             Melons
             and
             Pompions
             (
             of
             whom
             hereafter
             )
             nourishing
             hot
             stomachs
             very
             well
             being
             boiled
             with
             good
             flesh
             or
             sweet
             milk
             .
          
        
         
           
             C●cumeres
             .
             Melopepones
             .
          
           
             
             Cucumbers
             growing
             in
             hot
             grounds
             and
             well
             ripened
             with
             the
             Sun
             ,
             are
             neither
             moist
             nor
             cold
             in
             the
             second
             degree
             .
             They
             agree
             well
             with
             hot
             stomachs
             being
             eaten
             with
             vineger
             ,
             salt
             ,
             oil
             ,
             and
             pepper
             :
             but
             if
             you
             boil
             them
             (
             whilst
             they
             are
             young
             )
             with
             white-wine
             ,
             vervin
             ,
             dill
             ,
             and
             salt
             liquor
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             of
             a
             bad
             nourishment
             (
             as
             Galen
             took
             them
             )
             but
             engender
             good
             humors
             ,
             and
             settle
             a
             very
             cold
             and
             weak
             stomach
             :
             as
             by
             much
             practice
             and
             long
             experience
             I
             have
             proved
             in
             divers
             persons
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Schaenoprasa
             .
          
           
             Cives
             ,
             or
             Rush-leeks
             be
             almost
             as
             hot
             as
             Leeks
             themselves
             .
             Some
             eat
             them
             raw
             in
             Salads
             ,
             but
             then
             they
             nourish
             not
             .
             If
             you
             boil
             them
             twice
             or
             thrice
             in
             water
             ,
             they
             lose
             their
             over-hot
             and
             drying
             nature
             ,
             and
             give
             no
             bad
             nourishment
             to
             cold
             stomachs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Glandes
             terrestres
             Dodonaei
             .
          
           
             Earthnuts
             grow
             much
             on
             
               Richmond
               Heath
            
             and
             
               Coome
               Park
            
             ,
             as
             also
             beside
             Bath
             as
             you
             travel
             to
             Bristol
             .
             They
             are
             best
             in
             May.
             In
             Holland
             and
             Brabant
             they
             are
             eaten
             (
             as
             the
             roots
             of
             Turneps
             and
             Parsneps
             )
             boiled
             in
             flesh-broth
             ,
             which
             correcteth
             their
             binding
             quality
             ,
             and
             maketh
             them
             of
             good
             and
             wholesome
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Bulbocastanea
             .
          
           
             Earth-chesnuts
             are
             far
             bigger
             then
             Earthnuts
             ,
             and
             the
             flowers
             of
             them
             are
             white
             where
             the
             others
             be
             red
             .
             About
             Bath
             there
             is
             great
             plenty
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             of
             like
             nourishment
             and
             use
             with
             the
             Earthnuts
             .
          
        
         
           
             Intubum
             sativum
             latifolium
             .
          
           
             Endive
             (
             especially
             that
             which
             hath
             the
             longest
             ,
             largest
             ,
             softest
             ,
             and
             whitest
             leaves
             )
             is
             of
             good
             nourishment
             to
             hot
             stomachs
             ,
             not
             only
             cooling
             but
             also
             encreasing
             bloud
             ;
             if
             it
             be
             sodd
             in
             white
             broth
             till
             it
             be
             tender
             :
             but
             if
             you
             eat
             it
             raw
             in
             salads
             (
             as
             it
             is
             most
             commonly
             used
             )
             then
             it
             only
             cooleth
             and
             lyeth
             heavy
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             not
             freed
             from
             its
             crudities
             .
          
        
         
           
             Vacinia
             palustria
             .
          
           
             Fen-berries
             grow
             not
             only
             in
             Holland
             in
             low
             and
             moist
             places
             ,
             but
             also
             (
             if
             I
             have
             not
             forgotten
             it
             )
             in
             the
             Isle
             of
             Eli.
             They
             are
             of
             like
             temper
             and
             faculty
             with
             our
             whortles
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             more
             astringent
             .
             Being
             eaten
             raw
             or
             stewed
             with
             sugar
             ,
             they
             are
             wholesome
             
             meat
             in
             hot
             burning
             fevers
             ,
             unto
             which
             either
             fluxes
             of
             humors
             or
             spending
             of
             spirits
             are
             annexed
             .
             Likewise
             they
             quench
             thirst
             no
             less
             then
             Ribes
             ,
             and
             the
             red
             or
             outlandish
             Gooseberrie
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mora
             Rubi
             Idaei
             .
          
           
             Trambois
             ,
             or
             Raspis
             are
             of
             complexion
             like
             the
             Blackberry
             and
             Dewberry
             ,
             but
             not
             of
             so
             astringent
             nor
             drying
             quality
             .
             Furthermore
             they
             are
             more
             fragrant
             to
             the
             Nose
             and
             more
             pleasant
             in
             taste
             ,
             and
             of
             far
             better
             nourishment
             to
             hot
             stomachs
             for
             cold
             stomachs
             cannot
             convert
             them
             into
             any
             good
             juice
             .
          
        
         
           
             Allium
             .
          
           
             Garlick
             was
             so
             odious
             or
             hurtful
             to
             Horace
             that
             he
             makes
             it
             more
             venemous
             then
             Hemlocks
             ,
             Adders
             
             bloud
             ,
             Medea's
             cups
             ,
             yea
             then
             the
             poison
             of
             Nessus
             the
             Centaure
             which
             killed
             Hercules
             .
             Contrariwise
             the
             Thracians
             eat
             it
             every
             morning
             to
             breakfast
             ,
             and
             
             earry
             it
             with
             them
             in
             warfare
             as
             their
             chiefest
             meat
             .
             Whereat
             we
             need
             not
             marvel
             ,
             considering
             the
             coldness
             of
             their
             Country
             and
             their
             phlegmatick
             constitution
             .
             Let
             us
             rather
             wonder
             at
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             who
             eats
             it
             more
             (
             being
             a
             hot
             Nation
             )
             then
             our
             labouring
             men
             do
             here
             in
             England
             .
             Whereby
             we
             may
             see
             how
             preparation
             begetteth
             in
             every
             thing
             another
             nature
             :
             for
             the
             Thracians
             eat
             it
             raw
             because
             of
             their
             extreme
             coldness
             ;
             but
             the
             Spaniard
             sodden
             first
             in
             many
             waters
             ,
             or
             else
             rosted
             under
             the
             embers
             in
             a
             wet
             paper
             ,
             whereby
             it
             is
             made
             sweet
             and
             pleasant
             ,
             and
             hath
             lost
             more
             then
             half
             of
             his
             heat
             and
             dryness
             Thus
             is
             Garlick
             medicine
             and
             meat
             :
             medicine
             if
             it
             be
             eaten
             raw
             ,
             but
             meat
             and
             nourishment
             being
             rosted
             under
             the
             embers
             ,
             or
             stickt
             like
             lard
             in
             fat
             meat
             ,
             or
             boiled
             in
             many
             waters
             ,
             broths
             ,
             or
             milks
             .
             By
             which
             way
             also
             his
             fuming
             and
             diuretical
             quality
             is
             much
             corrected
             .
             Yet
             beware
             lest
             you
             eat
             too
             much
             
             of
             it
             ,
             lest
             it
             engender
             little
             worms
             in
             your
             flesh
             ,
             as
             it
             did
             
             in
             Arnulphus
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             whereof
             he
             died
             .
             It
             is
             very
             dangerous
             to
             young
             children
             ,
             fine
             women
             ,
             and
             hot
             young
             men
             ;
             unless
             the
             headdy
             ,
             hot
             and
             biting
             quality
             thereof
             be
             extinguished
             by
             the
             foresaid
             means
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cucurbitae
             .
          
           
             Gourds
             eaten
             raw
             and
             unprepared
             ,
             are
             a
             very
             unwholesome
             food
             ,
             as
             Galen
             saith
             ,
             exceedingly
             cooling
             ,
             charging
             ,
             and
             loading
             the
             stomach
             ;
             and
             engendering
             crudities
             and
             wind
             .
             But
             being
             boiled
             ,
             baked
             ,
             or
             fryed
             with
             butter
             ,
             it
             loseth
             his
             hurtfulness
             ,
             and
             giveth
             good
             nourishment
             to
             indifferent
             stomachs
             .
             The
             seed
             of
             it
             being
             husked
             and
             boiled
             in
             new
             milke
             is
             counted
             very
             restorative
             in
             hectick
             fevers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Grossulae
             .
             Uvae
             crispae
             .
          
           
             Gooseberries
             being
             thorough
             ripe
             are
             as
             nourishing
             as
             sweet
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             like
             temper
             ,
             not
             only
             encreasing
             flesh
             ,
             but
             also
             fatting
             the
             body
             .
             They
             should
             be
             eaten
             first
             and
             not
             last
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             so
             light
             a
             fruit
             .
             When
             they
             are
             almost
             ripe
             they
             are
             restorative
             being
             made
             into
             Codiniack
             ,
             or
             baked
             in
             Tarts
             .
             Soure
             Gooseberries
             nourish
             nothing
             ,
             serving
             rather
             for
             sawce
             to
             please
             ones
             taste
             ,
             then
             to
             augment
             flesh
             .
          
        
         
           
             Grossulae
             transmarinae
             .
          
           
             
               Red
               Gooseberries
            
             or
             bastard
             ▪
             Corinths
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Ribes
             of
             Apothecaries
             ,
             and
             taken
             of
             Dodonaeus
             for
             the
             Bears-berry
             of
             Galen
             ;
             is
             almost
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             
             with
             Gooseberries
             ,
             but
             more
             cold
             ,
             dry
             ,
             and
             astringent
             by
             one
             degree
             ,
             because
             they
             never
             wax
             sweet
             in
             our
             Country
             .
             They
             are
             very
             cordial
             and
             cooling
             in
             Agues
             ,
             being
             eaten
             either
             in
             Conserve
             ,
             or
             Codiniack
             ;
             yea
             nourishing
             also
             to
             hot
             stomachs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lupularii
             asparagi
             .
          
           
             Hop-shootes
             are
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             with
             Asparagus
             ,
             
             nourishing
             not
             a
             little
             ,
             being
             prepared
             in
             the
             like
             sort
             (
             which
             is
             before
             described
             )
             though
             rather
             cleansing
             and
             scouring
             of
             their
             own
             nature
             .
          
        
         
           
             Alliaria
             .
          
           
             
               Jack
               by
               the
               hedge
            
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             not
             much
             used
             in
             Medicines
             ,
             so
             it
             was
             heretofore
             a
             very
             ancient
             and
             common
             meat
             ,
             being
             therefore
             called
             
               Sawce
               alone
            
             .
             Country
             men
             do
             boil
             it
             and
             eat
             it
             in
             stead
             of
             Garlick
             ,
             being
             no
             less
             strengthened
             and
             nourished
             by
             it
             then
             the
             Persian
             children
             were
             with
             Town-cresses
             .
             I
             allow
             it
             not
             for
             indifferent
             stomachs
             ,
             unless
             it
             have
             been
             steept
             in
             divers
             warm
             waters
             ,
             and
             then
             be
             eaten
             (
             as
             Garlick
             may
             be
             eaten
             )
             moderately
             :
             for
             it
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             more
             then
             in
             the
             third
             degree
             .
          
        
         
           
             Porra
             .
          
           
             Leeks
             are
             esteemed
             so
             wholesome
             and
             nourishing
             in
             our
             Country
             ,
             that
             few
             thinke
             any
             good
             Pottage
             can
             be
             made
             without
             them
             .
             That
             they
             engender
             bloud
             no
             author
             denies
             ,
             but
             they
             say
             it
             is
             gross
             ,
             hot
             ,
             and
             evil
             bloud
             .
             Nevertheless
             if
             they
             be
             first
             sodden
             in
             milke
             ,
             and
             then
             used
             in
             meat
             ,
             they
             are
             unclothed
             of
             all
             bad
             qualities
             ,
             and
             become
             friendly
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             nourishing
             
             to
             the
             liver
             .
             The
             Grecians
             made
             such
             reckoning
             of
             Leeks
             ,
             as
             our
             Welsh
             men
             do
             ;
             yea
             he
             ever
             sate
             uppermost
             at
             
             Apollo's
             feast
             that
             brought
             thither
             the
             greatest
             headed
             Leek
             .
             Some
             impute
             that
             to
             his
             mother
             Latona
             her
             longing
             for
             Leeks
             whilst
             she
             was
             with
             child
             of
             Apollo
             .
             Others
             say
             that
             Apollo
             did
             so
             highly
             esteem
             them
             ,
             because
             they
             engender
             much
             bloud
             and
             seed
             ,
             whereby
             mankind
             is
             much
             encreased
             :
             which
             opinion
             I
             like
             best
             of
             ,
             hearing
             and
             seeing
             such
             fruitfulness
             in
             Wales
             ,
             that
             few
             or
             none
             be
             found
             barren
             ,
             and
             many
             fruitful
             before
             their
             time
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Porrum
             sectivum
             Palladii
             .
          
           
             The
             unset
             Leek
             or
             Maiden-leek
             is
             not
             so
             hot
             as
             the
             knopped
             ones
             ;
             because
             his
             fuming
             quality
             is
             diminished
             by
             often
             cutting
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lactuca
             .
          
           
             Lettice
             is
             not
             more
             usually
             then
             profitably
             eaten
             of
             us
             in
             Summer
             ;
             yea
             Galen
             did
             never
             eat
             of
             any
             other
             Garden
             herb
             save
             this
             (
             for
             ought
             we
             read
             )
             whereby
             he
             
             delayed
             the
             heat
             of
             his
             stomach
             in
             youth
             ,
             eating
             it
             formost
             ,
             and
             slept
             soundly
             and
             quietly
             in
             age
             ,
             eating
             it
             last
             .
             It
             is
             better
             sodden
             then
             raw
             ,
             especially
             for
             weak
             stomachs
             :
             and
             if
             any
             will
             eat
             it
             raw
             ,
             correct
             it
             with
             mingling
             a
             little
             Tarragon
             and
             Fennel
             with
             it
             .
             The
             young
             loaft
             .
             Lettice
             is
             simply
             best
             ,
             but
             you
             must
             not
             wash
             it
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             loseth
             its
             best
             and
             most
             nourishing
             vertue
             that
             lieth
             upon
             the
             outmost
             skin
             :
             only
             pluck
             away
             the
             leaves
             growing
             near
             the
             ground
             ,
             till
             you
             come
             to
             the
             cabbage
             of
             the
             Lettice
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             enough
             .
             Long
             use
             of
             Lettice
             causeth
             barrenness
             ,
             cooleth
             lust
             ,
             dulleth
             the
             eyesight
             ,
             weakeneth
             the
             body
             ,
             and
             quencheth
             natural
             heat
             in
             the
             stomach
             :
             but
             moderately
             and
             duly
             taken
             of
             hot
             natures
             ,
             it
             encreaseth
             bloud
             ,
             seed
             ,
             and
             milk
             ,
             stayeth
             all
             fluxes
             of
             nature
             ,
             bringeth
             on
             sleep
             and
             cooleth
             the
             heat
             of
             Urine
             .
             The
             middle
             and
             thickest
             part
             of
             the
             leaf
             being
             boiled
             and
             preserved
             in
             Syrup
             (
             as
             Endiff
             and
             Succory
             is
             done
             beyond-sea
             )
             give
             a
             great
             nourishment
             to
             weak
             persons
             newly
             recovered
             of
             hot
             Agues
             .
             The
             Romans
             did
             eat
             Lettice
             last
             to
             provoke
             sleep
             :
             we
             eat
             it
             first
             to
             provoke
             appetite
             .
             So
             that
             Martials
             question
             is
             fully
             answered
             :
          
           
             
               Claudere
               quae
               coenas
               Lactuce
               solebat
               avorum
               .
            
             
               Dic
               mihi
               ,
               cur
               nostras
               incipit
               illa
               Dapes
               ?
            
             
               When
               elder
               times
               did
               feed
               on
               Lettice
               last
               ,
            
             
               Why
               is
               it
               now
               the
               first
               meat
               that
               we
               tast
               ?
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Melones
             &
             Pepones
             .
          
           
             Melons
             and
             Pompions
             are
             not
             so
             cold
             nor
             moist
             as
             Cucumbers
             .
             Growing
             in
             a
             hot
             ground
             and
             thoroughly
             ripened
             with
             hot
             and
             dry
             weather
             ,
             they
             give
             much
             nourishment
             ,
             especially
             being
             baked
             with
             good
             flesh
             or
             sweet
             milke
             ,
             or
             baked
             with
             sweet
             apples
             butter
             and
             fennel-seed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Melopepones
             .
          
           
             Musk-melons
             are
             neither
             so
             moist
             nor
             cold
             as
             the
             ordinary
             sort
             ,
             engendring
             far
             better
             bloud
             ,
             and
             descending
             more
             speedily
             into
             the
             belly
             .
             They
             will
             hardly
             prosper
             in
             our
             Country
             ,
             unless
             they
             are
             set
             in
             a
             very
             fat
             ,
             hot
             ,
             and
             dry
             ground
             ,
             having
             the
             benefit
             of
             Sun-shine
             all
             the
             year
             long
             .
             
               Jason
               Mainus
            
             (
             a
             most
             famous
             Civilian
             )
             so
             loved
             a
             Musk-melon
             ,
             that
             he
             said
             to
             one
             of
             
             his
             friends
             ,
             Were
             I
             in
             Paradise
             as
             Adam
             was
             ,
             and
             this
             Fruit
             forbidden
             me
             ,
             Verily
             ,
             I
             fear
             me
             ,
             I
             should
             leave
             Paradise
             to
             taste
             of
             a
             Musk-melon
             .
             Nevertheless
             let
             not
             the
             pleasant
             smell
             or
             taste
             of
             them
             draw
             any
             man
             to
             eat
             
             too
             much
             of
             them
             ,
             for
             they
             cast
             
               Albertus
               secundus
            
             the
             
             Emperor
             into
             a
             deadly
             flux
             ;
             Sophia
             Queen
             of
             Poland
             
             into
             a
             numb'd
             Palsie
             ,
             and
             
               Paulus
               secundus
            
             the
             Pope
             into
             a
             mortal
             Apoplexy
             .
             All
             Melons
             ,
             Pompions
             ,
             and
             Cucumbers
             ,
             are
             not
             presently
             to
             be
             eaten
             out
             of
             the
             ground
             (
             though
             they
             be
             fully
             ripe
             )
             but
             rather
             a
             week
             after
             for
             with
             delay
             they
             prove
             less
             moist
             ,
             and
             also
             less
             cold
             .
             As
             for
             our
             great
             Garden
             Pompions
             and
             Melons
             they
             may
             tarry
             in
             a
             warm
             Kitchin
             till
             towards
             Christmass
             before
             they
             be
             eaten
             ,
             to
             be
             more
             dryed
             from
             their
             watrishness
             ,
             and
             freed
             from
             crudities
             .
          
        
         
           
             Napi
             .
          
           
             Navews
             ,
             especially
             
               Napus
               sativus
            
             ,
             called
             in
             English
             
               Navew
               gentle
            
             ,
             nourish
             something
             less
             then
             Turneps
             ,
             otherwise
             they
             are
             of
             like
             operation
             .
             They
             are
             best
             
             sodden
             in
             pouldred
             Beef
             broth
             ,
             or
             else
             with
             fat
             Mutton
             ,
             or
             pouldred
             Pork
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cepae
             .
          
           
             Onions
             are
             very
             hot
             and
             drye
             ;
             nevertheless
             being
             rosted
             or
             boiled
             in
             fat
             broth
             or
             milke
             ,
             they
             become
             temperate
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             leaving
             their
             hot
             and
             sharp
             nature
             in
             the
             broth
             or
             embers
             .
             The
             Priests
             of
             Aegypt
             abhorred
             
             them
             of
             all
             herbs
             ;
             first
             because
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             course
             of
             other
             things
             )
             they
             encrease
             most
             when
             the
             Moon
             decreaseth
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             because
             they
             nourish
             too
             much
             ,
             and
             procure
             lust
             ,
             which
             religious
             men
             ,
             of
             all
             other
             persons
             ,
             ought
             to
             refrain
             .
             The
             greater
             ,
             whiter
             ,
             longer
             ,
             sweeter
             ,
             thinner-skinned
             ,
             and
             fuller
             of
             juice
             they
             be
             (
             such
             are
             St.
             Thomas
             Onions
             )
             the
             more
             they
             nourish
             ,
             and
             excel
             in
             goodness
             :
             but
             if
             they
             be
             very
             red
             ,
             dry
             ,
             round
             ,
             light
             ,
             and
             sowrish
             ,
             they
             are
             not
             so
             commendable
             .
             Raw
             Onions
             be
             like
             raw
             Garlick
             ,
             and
             raw
             Leeks
             (
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             of
             great
             malignity
             ,
             hurting
             both
             head
             ,
             eyes
             ,
             and
             stomach
             ,
             enflaming
             blood
             ,
             and
             engendering
             both
             gross
             and
             corrupt
             humors
             )
             but
             sodden
             in
             milke
             ,
             and
             then
             eaten
             Sallad-wise
             with
             sweet
             oil
             ,
             vinegar
             ,
             and
             sugar
             (
             as
             we
             use
             them
             in
             Lent
             )
             they
             are
             hurtful
             to
             no
             persons
             nor
             complexions
             .
          
        
         
           
             Apium
             hortense
             .
          
           
             Parsley
             nourisheth
             most
             in
             the
             root
             ;
             for
             if
             you
             choose
             young
             roots
             and
             shift
             them
             out
             of
             two
             or
             three
             warm
             waters
             ,
             they
             lose
             their
             medicinable
             faculty
             of
             opening
             and
             cleansing
             ,
             and
             become
             as
             sweet
             ,
             yea
             almost
             as
             nourishing
             as
             a
             Carot
             being
             sodden
             in
             fat
             broth
             made
             with
             good
             flesh
             .
             The
             like
             may
             I
             say
             of
             Alisander
             buds
             
             which
             is
             nothing
             but
             the
             Parsley
             of
             Alexandria
             )
             being
             drest
             or
             prepared
             in
             the
             like
             manner
             :
             otherwise
             they
             may
             be
             used
             (
             as
             Nettles
             are
             )
             in
             Spring-time
             pottage
             
             to
             cleanse
             bloud
             ,
             but
             they
             will
             give
             no
             laudable
             or
             rather
             no
             nourishment
             at
             all
             .
          
        
         
           
             Portulaca
             .
          
           
             Purslane
             is
             usually
             eaten
             green
             in
             sallades
             ,
             as
             Lettice
             likewise
             .
             But
             being
             sodden
             in
             wine
             it
             is
             of
             good
             nourishment
             in
             the
             Summer
             time
             unto
             hot
             stomachs
             ,
             which
             are
             able
             to
             overcome
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radices
             Sisari
             Indici
             .
          
           
             Potado-roots
             are
             now
             so
             common
             and
             known
             amongst
             us
             ,
             that
             even
             the
             husbandman
             buyes
             them
             to
             please
             his
             wife
             .
             They
             nourish
             mightily
             ,
             being
             either
             sodd
             ,
             baked
             ,
             or
             rosted
             .
             The
             newest
             and
             heaviest
             be
             of
             best
             worth
             ,
             engendring
             much
             flesh
             ,
             bloud
             ,
             and
             seed
             ,
             but
             withall
             encreasing
             wind
             and
             lust
             .
             Clusius
             thinks
             them
             to
             be
             Indian
             Skirrets
             ,
             and
             verily
             in
             taste
             and
             operation
             they
             resemble
             them
             not
             a
             little
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radicula
             sativa
             .
          
           
             
               Radish
               roots
            
             of
             the
             Garden
             (
             for
             they
             are
             best
             )
             are
             either
             long
             and
             white
             without
             ,
             or
             round
             like
             a
             Turnep
             ,
             and
             very
             black
             skinned
             ,
             called
             the
             Italian
             Radish
             .
             Most
             men
             eat
             them
             before
             meat
             to
             procure
             appetite
             ,
             and
             help
             digestion
             .
             But
             did
             they
             know
             (
             and
             yet
             they
             feel
             it
             )
             what
             ranck
             belchings
             Radishes
             make
             ,
             how
             hardly
             they
             are
             digested
             ,
             how
             they
             burn
             bloud
             ,
             and
             engender
             lice
             ,
             cause
             leanness
             ,
             rot
             the
             teeth
             ,
             weaken
             eye-sight
             ,
             and
             corrupt
             the
             whole
             mass
             of
             nourishment
             ,
             I
             thinke
             they
             would
             be
             more
             temperate
             and
             sparing
             of
             them
             ;
             yet
             were
             so
             prized
             amongst
             the
             Grecians
             ,
             that
             at
             Apollo's
             feast
             when
             Turneps
             were
             served
             in
             tinn
             dishes
             ,
             and
             Beets
             in
             silver
             ,
             yet
             Radish
             roots
             were
             not
             served
             but
             in
             golden
             dishes
             .
             Notwithstanding
             ,
             sith
             by
             nature
             they
             provoke
             vomiting
             ,
             how
             can
             they
             be
             nourishing
             ?
             unless
             it
             be
             to
             such
             rustical
             stomachs
             as
             are
             offended
             with
             nothing
             ,
             and
             to
             whom
             resty
             Bacon
             is
             more
             agreeable
             then
             young
             and
             
             tender
             pork
             .
             Nevertheless
             sith
             only
             the
             heat
             and
             biting
             of
             radish
             ,
             are
             the
             chiefest
             cause
             why
             it
             nourish
             little
             or
             nothing
             (
             as
             Galen
             saith
             )
             no
             doubt
             if
             by
             steeping
             in
             warm
             
             milk
             ,
             or
             boiling
             in
             fat
             broth
             those
             qualities
             be
             removed
             ,
             it
             would
             prove
             the
             less
             medicinable
             &
             more
             nourishing
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rapi
             Silvestris
             radix
             .
          
           
             Rampions
             or
             wild
             Rapes
             ,
             of
             nature
             not
             unlike
             to
             Turneps
             ,
             eaten
             raw
             with
             vinegar
             and
             salt
             ,
             do
             not
             onely
             stir
             up
             an
             appetite
             to
             meat
             ,
             but
             also
             are
             meat
             and
             nourishment
             of
             themselves
             .
             In
             high
             Germany
             they
             are
             much
             eaten
             ,
             and
             now
             our
             Nation
             knows
             them
             indifferently
             well
             ;
             and
             begin
             to
             use
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radix
             Allii
             ursini
             .
          
           
             Ramseys
             are
             of
             like
             vertue
             and
             power
             with
             Garlick
             ,
             and
             are
             so
             to
             be
             prepared
             ,
             or
             else
             they
             give
             neither
             much
             nor
             any
             good
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rapae
             .
          
           
             Rapes
             or
             Turneps
             ,
             sodden
             in
             fat
             broth
             ,
             or
             roasted
             with
             butter
             and
             sugar
             put
             into
             the
             midst
             thereof
             ,
             nourish
             plentifully
             ,
             being
             moderately
             taken
             ;
             for
             if
             they
             be
             undigested
             through
             excess
             ,
             they
             stir
             up
             windiness
             ,
             and
             many
             superfluous
             humours
             in
             the
             body
             .
             The
             Bohemians
             have
             Turneps
             as
             red
             outwardly
             as
             blood
             ,
             which
             I
             did
             eat
             of
             in
             Prague
             ,
             and
             found
             them
             a
             most
             delicate
             meat
             ;
             yea
             they
             are
             counted
             so
             restorative
             and
             dainty
             ,
             that
             the
             Emperour
             himself
             nurseth
             them
             in
             his
             Garden
             .
             Roasted
             Turneps
             are
             so
             sweet
             and
             delicate
             ,
             that
             
               Mavius
               Curius
            
             
             refused
             much
             gold
             ,
             offered
             him
             by
             the
             Samnites
             ,
             rather
             then
             to
             leave
             his
             Turnep
             in
             the
             Embers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radices
             Eringii
             marini
             .
          
           
             
               Sea
               holly
               roots
            
             are
             of
             temperate
             heat
             and
             cold
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             of
             too
             dry
             a
             nature
             ;
             yet
             prove
             they
             moist
             enough
             to
             give
             plentiful
             nourishment
             ,
             after
             they
             have
             been
             preserved
             in
             syrupe
             or
             candied
             with
             ginger
             ,
             encreasing
             
             blood
             ,
             seed
             ,
             and
             lust
             ,
             and
             restoring
             such
             as
             by
             lechery
             have
             been
             much
             consumed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radices
             Sisari
             .
          
           
             Skirret-roots
             were
             so
             sweet
             &
             delicate
             in
             ancient
             times
             ,
             that
             
               Tiberius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             caused
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Gelduba
             (
             a
             certain
             signory
             upon
             the
             Rhine
             )
             to
             pay
             him
             tribute
             at
             
             Rome
             in
             Skirret-roots
             ;
             bringing
             them
             weekly
             thither
             whilst
             they
             were
             in
             season
             .
             They
             have
             a
             long
             string
             or
             pith
             within
             them
             ,
             which
             being
             taken
             away
             before
             they
             are
             thorough
             sod
             ,
             maketh
             them
             eat
             exceeding
             sweet
             ;
             usually
             they
             are
             boild
             till
             they
             be
             tender
             ,
             and
             then
             eaten
             cold
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             oil
             and
             pepper
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             be
             roasted
             four
             or
             five
             together
             in
             a
             wet
             paper
             under
             embers
             (
             as
             one
             would
             roast
             a
             Potado
             )
             or
             strain'd
             into
             tart-stuff
             ,
             and
             so
             baked
             with
             sugar
             ,
             butter
             and
             rosewater
             ,
             they
             are
             far
             more
             pleasant
             and
             of
             stronger
             nourishment
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             complexions
             ,
             sexes
             and
             ages
             ,
             being
             also
             of
             a
             mild
             heat
             and
             a
             temperate
             moisture
             .
             Did
             we
             know
             all
             the
             strength
             and
             vertues
             of
             them
             ,
             they
             would
             be
             much
             nourished
             in
             our
             Gardens
             ,
             and
             equally
             esteemed
             with
             any
             Potado
             root
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cepa
             Ascalonites
             .
          
           
             Skallions
             are
             a
             kind
             of
             little
             Onions
             ,
             brought
             first
             from
             Ascalon
             a
             Town
             of
             Jewry
             ;
             very
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             yea
             hotter
             and
             drier
             by
             one
             degree
             then
             any
             Onions
             .
             Cold
             stomachs
             and
             barren
             weaklings
             may
             safely
             eat
             them
             raw
             to
             procure
             appetite
             and
             lust
             ;
             but
             they
             are
             not
             nourishing
             to
             indifferent
             stomachs
             till
             they
             have
             been
             perboild
             in
             new
             milk
             .
             Some
             correct
             them
             ,
             by
             mincing
             them
             small
             ,
             and
             steeping
             them
             a
             good
             while
             in
             warm
             water
             ,
             
             afterwards
             they
             eat
             them
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             oil
             and
             salt
             ,
             after
             the
             Italian
             fashion
             .
          
        
         
           
             Spinachia
             .
          
           
             Spinache
             being
             boiled
             soft
             and
             then
             eaten
             with
             butter
             ,
             
             small
             currens
             and
             sugar
             heat
             together
             upon
             a
             chafing
             dish
             ,
             giveth
             no
             bad
             nor
             little
             nourishment
             to
             dried
             bodies
             ,
             and
             is
             onely
             hurtful
             to
             such
             as
             be
             over-phlegmatick
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fragulae
             .
          
           
             Strawberries
             of
             the
             garden
             ,
             be
             they
             white
             ,
             red
             ,
             or
             green
             (
             but
             the
             red
             are
             best
             )
             being
             once
             come
             to
             their
             full
             ripeness
             in
             a
             warm
             Summer
             ,
             and
             growing
             in
             a
             warm
             ground
             ,
             are
             to
             a
             young
             hot
             stomach
             both
             meat
             and
             medicine
             .
             Medicin
             to
             cool
             his
             choler
             &
             excessive
             heat
             ;
             meat
             by
             his
             temperate
             and
             agreeable
             moisture
             ,
             fit
             at
             that
             time
             of
             the
             year
             to
             be
             converted
             into
             blood
             ;
             especially
             being
             eaten
             raw
             with
             wine
             and
             sugar
             ,
             or
             else
             made
             into
             tart
             stuff
             and
             so
             baked
             :
             howsoever
             they
             be
             prepared
             ,
             let
             every
             man
             take
             heed
             by
             Melchior
             Duke
             of
             Brunswick
             how
             he
             eateth
             too
             much
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             is
             recorded
             to
             have
             burst
             a
             sunder
             at
             Rostock
             with
             surfeiting
             upon
             them
             .
             Cranz
             .
             lib.
             9.
             cap.
             9.
             
             
               Hist
               .
               Vandal
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Radix
             spirae
             albae
             .
          
           
             Thistle-roots
             (
             I
             mean
             of
             the
             white
             thistle
             when
             it
             first
             springeth
             )
             are
             exceeding
             restorative
             and
             nourishing
             ,
             being
             sodden
             in
             white
             ▪
             stued
             broth
             ,
             or
             else
             baked
             in
             Tarts
             ,
             or
             in
             Pies
             like
             Artichoks
             :
             few
             men
             would
             think
             so
             good
             meat
             to
             lye
             hidden
             in
             so
             base
             and
             abject
             an
             herb
             ,
             had
             not
             trial
             and
             cookery
             found
             out
             the
             vertue
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             Rapae
             rotunde
             .
          
           
             Turneps
             (
             in
             commendation
             whereof
             Moschio
             the
             Grecian
             wrote
             a
             large
             volumn
             )
             are
             nothing
             but
             round
             Rapes
             ,
             whereof
             heretofore
             we
             writ
             in
             this
             Chapter
             .
             
          
        
         
           
             Nastureia
             aquatica
             .
          
           
             Water-cresses
             and
             Town-cresses
             nourish
             raw
             and
             cold
             stomachs
             very
             well
             :
             but
             for
             hot
             or
             indifferent
             stomachs
             they
             are
             of
             a
             contrary
             nature
             .
             Xenophon
             saith
             ,
             that
             the
             
             Persians
             children
             going
             to
             School
             ,
             carry
             nothing
             with
             
             them
             to
             eat
             and
             drink
             ,
             but
             Cresses
             in
             the
             one
             hand
             and
             Bread
             in
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             an
             earthen
             cruse
             at
             their
             girdle
             to
             take
             up
             water
             in
             :
             whereby
             we
             may
             perceive
             that
             they
             agree
             well
             with
             moist
             natures
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             are
             accustomed
             to
             drink
             water
             :
             Otherwise
             no
             doubt
             they
             nourish
             nothing
             ,
             but
             rather
             over
             heat
             and
             burn
             the
             blood
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             
               Anise
               ,
               Blites
               ,
               Blood-wort
               ,
               Broom-buds
               ,
               Gapars
               ,
               Calamint
               ,
               Clary
               ,
               Dill
               ,
               Fennel
               ,
               Galangal
               ,
               Hisope
               ,
               Marigolds
               ,
               Mustard-seed
               ,
               Mints
               ,
               Nettles
               ,
               Orache
               ,
               Patience
               ,
               Primroses
               ,
               Rosemary
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               Sage
               ,
               Samphire
               ,
               Savory
               ,
               Tamarisk
               ,
               Tansy
               ,
               Tarragon
               ,
               Time
               ,
               Violets
            
             and
             Wormwood
             :
             howsoever
             they
             are
             used
             sometimes
             in
             broths
             ,
             pottage
             ,
             farrings
             ,
             sawces
             ,
             salads
             and
             tansies
             ;
             yet
             no
             nourishment
             is
             gotten
             by
             them
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             least
             so
             little
             ,
             that
             they
             need
             not
             ,
             nor
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             counted
             amongst
             nourishments
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXIV
           .
        
         
           Of
           such
           Fruits
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           as
           are
           nourishing
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             chief
             fruits
             of
             the
             field
             are
          
           Wheate
           ,
           Rye
           ,
           Rice
           ,
           Barly
           ,
           Oates
           ,
           Beanes
           ,
           Chiches
           ,
           Pease
           and
           Lentils
           .
        
         
           
             Triticum
             .
          
           
             Wheate
             is
             divided
             into
             divers
             kinds
             by
             
               Pliny
               ,
               Columella
               ,
               Dodonaeus
               ,
               Pena
            
             and
             Lobelius
             ;
             it
             shall
             be
             sufficient
             for
             us
             to
             describe
             the
             sorts
             of
             this
             Country
             ,
             which
             are
             especially
             two
             :
             The
             one
             red
             called
             Robus
             by
             Columella
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             very
             white
             and
             light
             called
             Siligo
             ,
             whereof
             is
             made
             our
             purest
             manchet
             .
             Being
             made
             into
             Furmity
             and
             sodden
             with
             milk
             and
             sugar
             ,
             or
             artificially
             made
             into
             bread
             ;
             Wheate
             nourisheth
             exceeding
             much
             
             and
             strongly
             :
             the
             hardest
             ,
             thickest
             ,
             heaviest
             ,
             cleanest
             ,
             brightest
             and
             growing
             in
             a
             fat
             soil
             ,
             is
             ever
             to
             be
             chosen
             ;
             for
             such
             Wheate
             (
             in
             Dioscorides
             and
             Galens
             judgement
             )
             is
             most
             nourishing
             .
          
        
         
           
             Secale
             .
          
           
             Rye
             seemeth
             to
             be
             nothing
             but
             a
             wild
             kind
             of
             wheate
             ,
             meet
             for
             Labourers
             ,
             Servants
             and
             Workmen
             ,
             but
             heavy
             of
             digestion
             to
             indifferent
             stomachs
             .
          
        
         
           
             Oriza
             .
          
           
             Rice
             is
             a
             most
             strong
             and
             restorative
             meat
             ,
             discommendable
             onely
             in
             that
             it
             is
             over-binding
             ;
             very
             wholesome
             pottage
             is
             made
             thereof
             with
             new
             milk
             ,
             sugar
             ,
             cinamon
             ,
             mace
             and
             nutmegs
             :
             whose
             astringency
             if
             any
             man
             fear
             ,
             let
             him
             soke
             the
             Rice
             one
             night
             before
             in
             sweet
             Whey
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             boil
             it
             in
             new
             milk
             with
             sugar
             ,
             butter
             ,
             cloves
             and
             nutmegs
             ,
             leaving
             out
             cinamon
             and
             mace
             .
             Thus
             shall
             the
             body
             be
             nourished
             ,
             costiveness
             prevented
             ,
             and
             nature
             much
             strengthened
             and
             encreased
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Hordeum
             .
          
           
             Barly
             used
             any
             way
             in
             bread
             ,
             drink
             or
             broth
             ,
             is
             ever
             
             cooling
             (
             saith
             Galen
             )
             and
             engendreth
             but
             a
             thin
             and
             weak
             juice
             .
             Before
             we
             use
             it
             in
             broths
             or
             Ptisan
             ,
             it
             should
             be
             clean
             hulld
             ,
             and
             washed
             in
             many
             waters
             .
             The
             decoction
             of
             Barly
             in
             chicken-broth
             ,
             strained
             with
             a
             few
             blauncht
             almonds
             ,
             and
             sweetned
             with
             sugar
             ,
             and
             rosewater
             ,
             is
             a
             very
             covenient
             meat
             for
             sound
             men
             ,
             but
             more
             for
             them
             which
             are
             sick
             and
             abhor
             flesh
             .
          
           
             
             Cardan
             saith
             that
             Galen
             maketh
             mention
             of
             a
             kind
             of
             Barly
             in
             Greece
             ▪
             growing
             without
             a
             husk
             ,
             and
             hulld
             by
             nature
             ;
             which
             place
             he
             never
             citeth
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             mistaken
             ;
             for
             through
             all
             Galen
             I
             could
             never
             find
             any
             such
             thing
             ,
             though
             of
             purpose
             I
             searched
             for
             it
             very
             diligently
             .
             The
             best
             Barly
             is
             the
             biggest
             and
             yellowest
             without
             ,
             and
             fullest
             ,
             closest
             and
             heaviest
             within
             ;
             it
             is
             never
             to
             be
             used
             in
             meat
             till
             it
             be
             half
             a
             year
             old
             ,
             because
             lying
             causeth
             it
             to
             ripen
             better
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             also
             far
             less
             windy
             .
             Being
             made
             into
             Malt
             by
             a
             sweet
             fire
             and
             good
             cunning
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             foundation
             of
             our
             English
             wine
             ,
             which
             being
             as
             well
             made
             as
             it
             is
             at
             Not●ingam
             ,
             proveth
             meat
             drink
             and
             cloth
             to
             the
             poorer
             sort
             .
             Parched
             Barly
             or
             Malt
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             but
             otherwise
             it
             is
             temperately
             cooling
             and
             less
             drying
             .
             That
             Wheate
             and
             Rye
             is
             far
             
             more
             nourishing
             then
             Barly
             .
             Plutarch
             would
             thence
             prove
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             half
             a
             year
             longer
             in
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             are
             of
             a
             more
             thick
             ,
             sappy
             ,
             and
             firm
             substance
             .
             But
             Rice
             (
             being
             counted
             and
             called
             by
             Tragus
             German
             Barly
             )
             disarmeth
             that
             reason
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             sowed
             till
             March
             and
             yet
             is
             of
             as
             great
             or
             rather
             greater
             nourishment
             .
          
        
         
           
             Avenae
             .
          
           
             
             Oates
             termed
             by
             Galen
             the
             Asses
             and
             Horses
             provender
             ,
             are
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             with
             Barly
             ,
             but
             more
             astringent
             ,
             especially
             being
             old
             and
             thorough
             dry
             .
             Had
             Galen
             
             seen
             the
             Oaten
             cakes
             of
             the
             North
             ;
             the
             Janocks
             of
             Lancashire
             ,
             and
             the
             Grues
             of
             Cheshire
             ,
             he
             would
             have
             confessed
             that
             Oates
             and
             Oatmeal
             are
             not
             onely
             meat
             for
             beasts
             ▪
             but
             also
             for
             tall
             ,
             fair
             and
             strong
             men
             and
             women
             of
             all
             callings
             and
             complexions
             :
             but
             we
             pardon
             the
             Grecians
             delicacy
             ,
             or
             else
             ascribe
             it
             to
             the
             badness
             of
             their
             soile
             ,
             which
             could
             bring
             forth
             ▪
             no
             Oates
             fit
             for
             nourishment
             .
             Chuse
             the
             largest
             ,
             heaviest
             ,
             sweetest
             ,
             fullest
             and
             blackest
             to
             make
             your
             Oatmeal
             groats
             of
             ,
             for
             they
             are
             least
             windy
             and
             most
             nourishing
             .
          
        
         
           
             Fabae
             .
          
           
             Beans
             were
             first
             a
             field
             fruit
             ,
             howsoever
             (
             to
             make
             them
             more
             sappy
             )
             they
             have
             lately
             been
             set
             and
             kept
             in
             gardens
             .
             Pythagoras
             forbad
             his
             Scholers
             to
             eat
             of
             them
             (
             especially
             coming
             once
             to
             be
             great
             and
             black-taild
             )
             because
             they
             hinder
             sleep
             and
             procure
             watchfulness
             (
             for
             which
             cause
             they
             were
             given
             to
             Iudges
             as
             they
             sate
             down
             in
             judgement
             )
             or
             else
             in
             sleep
             cause
             fearful
             and
             
             troublesome
             dreams
             ,
             as
             you
             may
             read
             in
             Tullius
             second
             book
             of
             Divination
             ;
             wherefore
             howsoever
             
               Camatherus
               (
               Immanuel
               Commenaeus
            
             his
             Secretary
             )
             ventured
             for
             
             them
             ,
             or
             men
             now
             affect
             them
             in
             these
             dayes
             ;
             assuredly
             they
             are
             a
             very
             hurtful
             meat
             ,
             unless
             they
             be
             eaten
             very
             young
             ,
             and
             sod
             in
             fat
             broth
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             (
             being
             freed
             of
             their
             husk
             )
             be
             eaten
             in
             the
             beginning
             or
             midst
             of
             meal
             ,
             buttered
             throughly
             and
             sufficiently
             sprinkled
             with
             gross
             pepper
             and
             salt
             ;
             then
             will
             they
             nourish
             much
             ,
             and
             too
             too
             much
             encrease
             seed
             to
             lusty
             wantons
             .
          
        
         
           
             Ciceres
             .
          
           
             Chiches
             of
             England
             are
             very
             hard
             and
             unwholesome
             ;
             but
             in
             Italy
             and
             France
             there
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             red
             Chich
             ,
             yeelding
             a
             sweet
             ,
             fine
             and
             nourishing
             flour
             :
             whereof
             thick
             pap
             or
             pottage
             being
             made
             with
             sugar
             ,
             you
             shall
             hardly
             find
             any
             grain
             or
             pulse
             of
             comparable
             nourishment
             ;
             
             as
             my
             most
             honourable
             good
             Lord
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Willoughby
             of
             Eresby
             ,
             in
             his
             most
             dangerous
             consumption
             did
             well
             testifie
             .
             Perhaps
             this
             broth
             was
             that
             ,
             for
             a
             mess
             whereof
             Esau
             sold
             his
             birth-right
             ;
             for
             no
             pulse
             but
             this
             maketh
             a
             red
             pottage
             .
          
        
         
           
             Pisa
             .
          
           
             Pease
             are
             not
             fully
             so
             windy
             as
             Beans
             ,
             and
             also
             of
             better
             nourishment
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             less
             abstersive
             .
             French-pease
             ,
             Hasty
             pease
             ,
             and
             Gray-pease
             ,
             be
             the
             tenderest
             and
             sweetest
             of
             all
             others
             ;
             for
             the
             common
             field-pease
             or
             green-pease
             is
             too
             hard
             of
             digestion
             for
             indifferent
             stomachs
             .
             Take
             the
             youngest
             ,
             and
             seeth
             them
             thoroughly
             ,
             butter
             them
             plentifully
             ,
             and
             season
             them
             well
             with
             salt
             and
             pepper
             ;
             so
             will
             they
             prove
             a
             light
             meat
             ,
             and
             give
             convenient
             nourishment
             in
             Summer
             time
             .
          
        
         
           
             Lentes
             .
          
           
             Lentiles
             were
             so
             prized
             in
             Athenaeus
             time
             ,
             that
             one
             wrote
             a
             whole
             treatise
             in
             their
             commendation
             ;
             and
             Diogenes
             
             commended
             them
             above
             all
             meats
             to
             his
             Scholers
             ,
             because
             they
             have
             a
             peculiar
             vertue
             to
             quicken
             the
             wit.
             Let
             us
             (
             for
             shame
             )
             not
             discontinue
             any
             longer
             this
             wholesome
             nourishment
             ,
             but
             rather
             strive
             to
             find
             out
             some
             preparation
             ,
             whereby
             they
             may
             be
             restored
             to
             their
             former
             or
             greater
             goodness
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXV
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           Variety
           ,
           Excellency
           ,
           Making
           ,
           and
           true
           use
           of
           Bread
           ▪
        
         
           
             The
             dignity
             and
             necessity
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             BRead
             is
             a
             food
             so
             necessary
             to
             the
             life
             of
             man
             ,
             that
             whereas
             many
             meats
             be
             loathed
             naturally
             ,
             of
             some
             persons
             ,
             yet
             we
             never
             saw
             ,
             read
             ,
             nor
             heard
             of
             any
             man
             that
             naturally
             hated
             bread
             .
             The
             reasons
             whereof
             I
             take
             to
             be
             these
             .
             First
             because
             it
             is
             the
             staff
             of
             life
             ,
             without
             which
             all
             other
             meats
             would
             either
             quickly
             putrifie
             in
             our
             stomachs
             ,
             or
             sooner
             pass
             thorough
             them
             then
             they
             should
             ,
             whereupon
             crudities
             ,
             belly-worms
             and
             fluxes
             do
             arise
             to
             such
             children
             or
             persons
             ,
             as
             either
             eat
             none
             or
             too
             little
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Again
             ,
             Neither
             flesh
             ,
             fruit
             nor
             fish
             are
             good
             at
             all
             seasons
             ,
             for
             all
             complexions
             ,
             for
             all
             times
             ,
             for
             all
             constitutions
             and
             ages
             of
             men
             ;
             but
             Bread
             is
             never
             out
             of
             season
             ,
             disagreeing
             with
             no
             sickness
             ,
             age
             ,
             or
             complexion
             ,
             and
             therefore
             truely
             called
             the
             companion
             of
             life
             .
             No
             child
             so
             young
             but
             he
             hath
             Bread
             ,
             or
             the
             matter
             of
             Bread
             in
             his
             pap
             :
             no
             man
             so
             weak
             ,
             but
             he
             eats
             it
             in
             his
             broth
             ,
             or
             sucks
             it
             out
             of
             his
             drink
             .
             It
             neither
             enflameth
             the
             cholerick
             ,
             nor
             cooleth
             the
             phlegmatick
             ,
             nor
             over-moistneth
             the
             sanguin
             ,
             nor
             drieth
             the
             melancholick
             .
          
           
             
             Furthermore
             it
             is
             to
             be
             admired
             (
             saith
             Plutarch
             )
             that
             Bread
             doth
             of
             all
             other
             things
             best
             nourish
             and
             strengthen
             both
             man
             and
             beast
             ;
             insomuch
             that
             with
             a
             little
             Bread
             they
             are
             enabled
             for
             a
             whole
             dayes
             journey
             ,
             when
             with
             twise
             as
             much
             meat
             they
             would
             have
             fainted
             .
             Wherefore
             it
             was
             not
             a
             small
             threatning
             ,
             when
             God
             said
             
             he
             would
             break
             the
             staff
             of
             bread
             ;
             without
             which
             our
             meat
             giveth
             no
             strength
             (
             as
             I
             said
             before
             )
             but
             either
             corrupteth
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             or
             is
             converted
             to
             slimy
             crudities
             ;
             we
             may
             also
             remember
             ,
             that
             of
             all
             compound
             meats
             it
             is
             the
             first
             of
             all
             mentioned
             in
             the
             Scripture
             ,
             namely
             in
             the
             third
             of
             Genesis
             ;
             where
             God
             threatneth
             Adam
             that
             in
             the
             sweat
             of
             his
             browes
             he
             should
             eat
             his
             bread
             .
             Again
             in
             the
             Lords
             Prayer
             we
             ask
             for
             all
             bodily
             nourishment
             in
             the
             name
             of
             Bread
             ,
             because
             Bread
             may
             be
             justly
             called
             the
             meat
             of
             meats
             ,
             as
             without
             whom
             there
             is
             no
             good
             nor
             substantial
             nourishment
             .
             The
             Italians
             have
             a
             Proverb
             ,
             
               That
               all
               troubles
               are
               easie
               with
               bread
               ,
               and
               no
               pleasure
               pleasant
               without
               Bread.
            
             Signifying
             thereby
             ,
             our
             lives
             to
             consist
             more
             in
             Bread
             ,
             then
             in
             any
             other
             meat
             whatsoever
             ,
          
           
             To
             conclude
             ,
             when
             Christ
             would
             describe
             himself
             unto
             us
             whilst
             he
             lived
             ,
             and
             leave
             a
             memorial
             unto
             us
             of
             himself
             after
             death
             :
             his
             wisdome
             found
             no
             Hieroglyphical
             character
             wherein
             better
             to
             express
             himself
             (
             the
             only
             nourisher
             and
             feeder
             of
             all
             mankind
             )
             then
             by
             the
             sight
             ,
             taking
             and
             eating
             of
             Bread
             :
             so
             that
             I
             may
             boldly
             prefer
             it
             above
             all
             nourishment
             ,
             being
             duely
             and
             rightly
             used
             ,
             as
             agreeing
             with
             all
             times
             ,
             ages
             ,
             and
             constitutions
             of
             men
             ,
             either
             sick
             or
             sound
             ;
             which
             cannot
             be
             verified
             of
             any
             one
             nourishment
             besides
             .
          
           
             Upon
             which
             and
             some
             other
             things
             ,
             arose
             these
             questions
             and
             sayings
             ,
          
           
             Whether
             eating
             of
             crusts
             of
             Bread
             ,
             and
             sinews
             of
             flesh
             ,
             make
             a
             man
             strong
             ?
          
           
             Whether
             Ashes
             be
             Physick
             ,
             and
             mouldy
             Bread
             clear
             the
             eyesight
             ?
          
           
             Mony
             and
             Bread
             never
             brought
             plague
             .
          
           
             Bread
             and
             Cheese
             be
             the
             two
             targets
             against
             death
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Authors
             and
             Inventers
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Who
             was
             the
             first
             Authour
             or
             Inventer
             of
             making
             Bread
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             take
             upon
             me
             to
             determine
             .
             Pliny
             ascribeth
             
             it
             to
             Ceres
             ;
             who
             seeing
             what
             hurt
             came
             to
             men
             by
             eating
             of
             Acorns
             ,
             devised
             a
             means
             how
             to
             pound
             Corn
             into
             Meal
             ,
             and
             then
             to
             work
             ,
             form
             and
             bake
             it
             into
             loaves
             and
             cakes
             .
             Pausanias
             ascribeth
             it
             to
             
             
               Arcas
               ,
               Iupiter
            
             ,
             and
             Calistoes
             son
             .
             But
             without
             all
             question
             Adam
             knew
             it
             first
             ,
             whosoever
             was
             the
             first
             that
             made
             it
             ;
             yea
             sith
             it
             is
             the
             strengthner
             of
             life
             ,
             no
             doubt
             as
             he
             and
             his
             son
             knew
             how
             to
             sow
             Corn
             ,
             so
             they
             were
             not
             ignorant
             or
             unpractised
             in
             the
             chiefe
             use
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             differences
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             differences
             of
             Bread
             ,
             some
             are
             taken
             from
             the
             meats
             we
             eat
             ;
             for
             the
             Romans
             had
             
               panem
               Ostrearium
            
             ,
             which
             they
             onely
             did
             eat
             with
             Oisters
             .
             They
             
             had
             also
             their
             dainty
             Bread
             ,
             made
             with
             hony
             ,
             spice
             and
             flour
             :
             they
             had
             also
             a
             hasty
             cake
             ,
             called
             
               panis
               speuticus
            
             learned
             first
             in
             Greece
             ;
             likewise
             their
             bread
             differed
             in
             baking
             ,
             some
             being
             baked
             upon
             the
             hearth
             ,
             others
             broild
             it
             upon
             gridirons
             ,
             others
             fried
             it
             like
             pancakes
             ,
             others
             baked
             it
             in
             ovens
             ,
             others
             sod
             it
             in
             seam
             like
             fritters
             ;
             others
             boild
             it
             in
             water
             like
             cimnels
             ,
             being
             called
             
               panes
               aquatici
            
             ;
             which
             the
             Parthians
             taught
             them
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             chiefe
             differences
             are
             in
             the
             variety
             of
             matter
             ,
             whereof
             they
             consist
             ;
             and
             the
             variety
             of
             goodness
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             declare
             in
             order
             .
             Some
             Countries
             (
             where
             Corn
             was
             either
             never
             sown
             at
             all
             ,
             or
             being
             sowed
             cannot
             prosper
             )
             make
             bread
             of
             such
             things
             made
             into
             meal
             as
             their
             soil
             yeeldeth
             .
             The
             Oritae
             ,
             Green
             landers
             and
             
             North-Icelanders
             make
             it
             of
             dried
             fish
             ,
             which
             being
             thorough
             dried
             in
             the
             Sun
             ,
             they
             beat
             it
             first
             with
             hammers
             ,
             then
             pound
             it
             with
             pestils
             ,
             and
             form
             cakes
             with
             
             water
             ,
             which
             they
             tost
             at
             their
             fires
             ,
             made
             onely
             of
             great
             fishes
             bones
             (
             for
             they
             have
             no
             wood
             )
             and
             eat
             it
             instead
             of
             Bread
             ;
             yet
             live
             they
             well
             ,
             and
             look
             well
             ,
             and
             enjoy
             pleasures
             (
             saith
             
               Hector
               Boethius
            
             in
             his
             Scottish
             History
             )
             abounding
             in
             children
             ,
             strength
             and
             contentment
             ,
             though
             not
             in
             wealth
             .
             The
             Brasilians
             make
             Bread
             of
             the
             root
             of
             a
             herb
             ressembling
             Purcelane
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             barks
             of
             
             trees
             as
             Osorius
             writeth
             ;
             whom
             I
             may
             believe
             ,
             because
             I
             have
             eaten
             of
             the
             same
             Bread
             ,
             brought
             home
             by
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Drake
            
             .
             The
             most
             part
             of
             Egyptians
             make
             
             Bread
             of
             Lotus
             seed
             ,
             resembling
             poppy
             :
             but
             they
             
             which
             dwell
             by
             the
             River
             Astupas
             made
             it
             of
             dried
             roots
             beaten
             to
             pouder
             ,
             which
             they
             formed
             like
             a
             Tilestone
             ,
             and
             baked
             it
             hard
             in
             the
             Sun.
             Like
             Bread
             made
             the
             
             Thracians
             of
             Tribulus
             or
             water-nut
             roots
             ,
             and
             the
             Arabians
             of
             Dates
             .
             But
             the
             best
             is
             made
             of
             Graine
             ,
             which
             the
             Romans
             for
             600
             years
             after
             their
             City
             was
             built
             ,
             had
             not
             yet
             learned
             :
             and
             was
             not
             afterwards
             publikely
             
             practised
             by
             bakers
             ,
             till
             the
             Persian
             wars
             .
             As
             for
             wheaten
             bread
             it
             was
             so
             rare
             in
             Caesars
             time
             ,
             that
             none
             knew
             how
             to
             make
             it
             save
             his
             own
             Baker
             .
             And
             again
             white
             manchet
             was
             so
             hard
             to
             come
             by
             in
             the
             Grecian
             
             Courts
             ,
             that
             Lucian
             protested
             a
             man
             could
             never
             get
             enough
             of
             it
             ,
             no
             not
             in
             his
             dream
             .
             Spiced
             Bread
             was
             more
             ancient
             ;
             for
             Diogines
             loved
             it
             above
             all
             meats
             ,
             
             and
             Hippocrates
             and
             Plato
             make
             mention
             of
             it
             .
             Brown-bread
             was
             used
             in
             Philoxenus
             his
             age
             and
             long
             before
             ;
             who
             having
             eaten
             up
             all
             the
             White-bread
             at
             the
             Sophists
             
             table
             ,
             one
             set
             him
             a
             great
             brown-loaf
             on
             the
             table
             ,
             on
             whom
             he
             bestowed
             this
             jest
             :
             
               Ho
               la
               !
               not
               too
               much
               ,
               not
               too
               much
               good
               fellow
               ,
               least
               it
               be
               night
               too
               soon
               .
            
             Thus
             much
             of
             the
             ancient
             making
             of
             Bread
             ;
             now
             let
             us
             consider
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             usual
             mattter
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             First
             ,
             whereof
             Bread
             is
             made
             in
             our
             daies
             ,
             Secondly
             how
             it
             is
             made
             ,
             Thirdly
             when
             ,
             and
             in
             what
             order
             ,
             Fourthly
             in
             what
             quantity
             it
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             .
          
           
             Touching
             the
             first
             :
             Bread
             is
             usually
             made
             of
             Rye
             ,
             Barly
             ,
             Oates
             ,
             Missellin
             or
             pure
             Wheate
             ▪
             Rye-bread
             is
             
             cold
             and
             of
             hard
             concoction
             ,
             breeding
             wind
             and
             gripings
             in
             the
             belly
             ,
             engendring
             gross
             humours
             ,
             being
             as
             unwholesome
             for
             indifferent
             stomachs
             ,
             as
             it
             agreeth
             with
             strong
             bodies
             and
             labourious
             persons
             ;
             yet
             openeth
             it
             ,
             and
             cureth
             the
             hemorrhoids
             .
          
           
             
             
               Barly
               ▪
               Bread
            
             is
             little
             or
             nothing
             better
             ,
             being
             tough
             and
             heavy
             of
             digestion
             ,
             choking
             the
             small
             veins
             ,
             engendring
             crudities
             ,
             and
             stuffing
             the
             stomach
             .
          
           
             Oaten-bread
             is
             very
             light
             being
             well
             made
             ,
             more
             scowring
             then
             nourishing
             if
             the
             Oat-meal
             be
             new
             ,
             and
             too
             much
             binding
             if
             it
             be
             old
             .
             Howbeit
             Oates
             in
             Greece
             are
             recorded
             to
             be
             so
             temperate
             ,
             that
             they
             neither
             stir
             nor
             stay
             the
             belly
             .
          
           
             
             Misslin
             or
             Munckcorn-bread
             ,
             made
             of
             Rye
             and
             Wheate
             together
             ,
             is
             esteemed
             better
             or
             worse
             ,
             accordingly
             as
             it
             is
             mingled
             more
             with
             this
             or
             that
             grain
             .
          
           
             But
             of
             all
             other
             Wheaten-bread
             is
             generally
             the
             best
             for
             all
             stomachs
             ,
             yet
             of
             so
             stopping
             a
             nature
             ▪
             if
             it
             be
             too
             fine
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             of
             best
             temper
             ,
             and
             agreeth
             with
             all
             natures
             and
             complexions
          
        
         
           
             Things
             to
             be
             observed
             in
             the
             well
             making
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             well
             making
             whereof
             ,
             we
             must
             have
             great
             choice
             and
             care
             .
             1.
             
             Of
             the
             Wheate
             it self
             .
             2.
             
             Of
             the
             Meal
             .
             3.
             
             Of
             the
             Water
             .
             4.
             
             Of
             the
             Salt.
             5.
             
             Of
             the
             Leven
             .
             6.
             
             Of
             the
             Dough
             or
             Past
             .
             7.
             
             Of
             the
             Moulding
             .
             8.
             
             Of
             the
             Oven
             .
             9.
             
             Of
             the
             baking
             .
             All
             which
             circumstances
             I
             most
             willingly
             prosecute
             to
             the
             ful
             ,
             because
             as
             Bread
             is
             the
             best
             nourishment
             of
             all
             other
             ,
             
             being
             well
             made
             ,
             so
             is
             it
             simply
             the
             worst
             being
             marred
             in
             the
             ill
             handling
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             
               Concerning
               the
               Wheate
            
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             thorough
             ripe
             ere
             it
             is
             gathered
             ,
             two
             months
             old
             ere
             it
             be
             thrashed
             ,
             and
             a
             month
             or
             two
             old
             after
             that
             (
             at
             the
             least
             )
             ere
             it
             be
             grinded
             .
             Chuse
             ever
             the
             yellowest
             without
             ,
             and
             smoothest
             ,
             growing
             in
             a
             hot
             and
             fat
             soil
             ,
             hard
             ,
             white
             and
             full
             within
             ,
             clean
             thrasht
             and
             winowed
             ,
             then
             clean
             washt
             and
             dryed
             ,
             afterwards
             grosly
             grinded
             (
             for
             that
             makes
             the
             best
             flour
             )
             in
             a
             Mill
             wherein
             the
             grind-stones
             are
             of
             French
             Marble
             ,
             or
             some
             other
             close
             or
             hard
             stone
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             
               The
               Meal
            
             must
             neither
             be
             so
             finely
             grinded
             (
             as
             I
             said
             )
             least
             the
             bran
             mingle
             with
             it
             ,
             nor
             too
             grosly
             ,
             least
             you
             lose
             much
             flour
             ,
             but
             moderately
             gross
             ,
             that
             the
             Bran
             may
             be
             easily
             separated
             ,
             and
             the
             fine
             Flour
             not
             hardly
             boulted
             .
             You
             must
             not
             presently
             mould
             up
             your
             meal
             after
             grinding
             ,
             lest
             it
             prove
             too
             hot
             ;
             nor
             keep
             it
             too
             long
             lest
             it
             prove
             fusty
             and
             breed
             worms
             ,
             or
             be
             otherwise
             tainted
             with
             long
             lying
             .
             Likewise
             though
             the
             best
             manchet
             (
             called
             
               panis
               Siligineus
            
             of
             Pliny
             )
             be
             made
             of
             the
             finest
             flour
             ▪
             passed
             through
             a
             very
             fine
             boulter
             ,
             yet
             that
             Bread
             which
             is
             made
             of
             courser
             Meal
             (
             called
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             of
             the
             Grecians
             )
             is
             of
             lighter
             digestion
             and
             of
             stronger
             nourishment
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             
               The
               Water
            
             must
             be
             pure
             ,
             from
             a
             clear
             River
             or
             Spring
             :
             not
             too
             hot
             least
             the
             Dough
             cling
             ,
             nor
             too
             cold
             least
             it
             crumble
             ,
             but
             lukewarm
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             
               The
               Salt
            
             must
             be
             very
             white
             ,
             finely
             beaten
             ,
             not
             too
             much
             nor
             too
             little
             ,
             but
             to
             give
             an
             indifferent
             seasoning
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             
               The
               Leaven
            
             must
             be
             made
             of
             pure
             Wheate
             ,
             it
             must
             not
             be
             too
             old
             least
             it
             prove
             too
             soure
             ,
             nor
             too
             new
             least
             it
             work
             to
             no
             purpose
             ,
             nor
             too
             much
             in
             quantity
             ,
             least
             the
             Bread
             receive
             not
             a
             digesting
             but
             a
             fretting
             quality
             .
             
             Where
             by
             the
             way
             note
             ,
             that
             loaves
             made
             of
             pure
             Wheaten-meal
             require
             both
             more
             leaven
             and
             more
             labouring
             ,
             and
             more
             baking
             ,
             then
             either
             course
             cheate
             ,
             or
             then
             Bread
             mingled
             of
             meal
             and
             grudgins
             .
             In
             England
             our
             finest
             Manchet
             is
             made
             without
             Leaven
             ,
             which
             maketh
             Cheate
             Bread
             to
             be
             the
             lighter
             of
             both
             ,
             and
             also
             the
             more
             wholesome
             ;
             for
             unleavened
             Bread
             is
             good
             for
             no
             man.
             
          
           
             
             6.
             
             
               The
               Dough
            
             of
             white
             Bread
             must
             be
             throughly
             wrought
             ,
             and
             
               the
               manner
               of
               moulding
            
             must
             be
             first
             with
             strong
             kneading
             ,
             then
             with
             rouling
             to
             and
             fro
             ,
             and
             last
             of
             all
             with
             wheeling
             or
             turning
             it
             round
             about
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             sit
             the
             closer
             ;
             afterwards
             cut
             it
             slightly
             in
             the
             midst
             round
             about
             ,
             and
             give
             it
             a
             slit
             or
             two
             thorough
             from
             the
             top
             to
             the
             bottome
             with
             a
             small
             knife
             ,
             to
             give
             a
             vent
             every
             way
             to
             the
             inward
             moisture
             whilst
             it
             is
             in
             baking
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             
               The
               Loaves
            
             should
             neither
             be
             too
             great
             nor
             too
             little
             :
             for
             as
             little
             Loaves
             nourish
             least
             ,
             so
             if
             the
             Loaves
             be
             too
             great
             ,
             the
             Bread
             is
             scarce
             thoroughly
             baked
             in
             the
             midst
             :
             wherefore
             the
             Francklins
             Bread
             of
             England
             is
             counted
             most
             nourishing
             ,
             being
             of
             a
             middle
             sise
             ,
             between
             Gentlemens
             Roules
             or
             little
             Manchets
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Loaves
             used
             in
             Yeomens
             houses
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             
               The
               Oven
            
             must
             be
             proportionable
             to
             the
             quantity
             of
             Bread
             ,
             heated
             every
             where
             alike
             ,
             and
             by
             degrees
             ;
             not
             too
             hot
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             lest
             the
             outside
             be
             burnt
             and
             the
             in-side
             clammy
             ;
             nor
             too
             cold
             ,
             lest
             the
             Bread
             prove
             sad
             and
             heavy
             in
             our
             stomachs
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Last
             of
             all
             
               Concerning
               the
               baking
            
             ,
             it
             must
             not
             stay
             too
             long
             in
             the
             Oven
             ,
             least
             it
             prove
             crusty
             ,
             dry
             and
             cholerique
             ;
             nor
             too
             little
             a
             while
             ,
             for
             fear
             it
             be
             clammy
             and
             of
             ill
             nourishment
             ,
             fitter
             to
             cram
             Capons
             and
             Poultry
             ,
             then
             to
             be
             given
             to
             sick
             or
             sound
             men
             .
          
           
             Bread
             being
             thus
             made
             ,
             strengtheneth
             the
             stomach
             ,
             and
             
             carrieth
             truly
             with
             it
             the
             staff
             of
             nourishment
             .
             
               Iupiters
               Priests
            
             (
             called
             
               Flamines
               Diales
            
             )
             were
             forbidden
             to
             eat
             either
             Meal
             or
             Leaven
             by
             themselves
             ,
             yet
             might
             they
             eat
             
             of
             leavened
             Bread
             and
             none
             other
             .
             The
             reason
             whereof
             is
             alledged
             by
             Plutarch
             .
             They
             might
             eat
             no
             Meal
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             an
             imperfect
             and
             raw
             nourishment
             ;
             being
             neither
             Wheate
             which
             it
             was
             ,
             nor
             Bread
             which
             it
             should
             be
             ;
             for
             Meal
             hath
             lost
             (
             which
             it
             had
             )
             the
             form
             of
             Grain
             ,
             and
             wanteth
             (
             which
             it
             is
             to
             have
             )
             the
             form
             of
             Bread.
             They
             might
             eat
             no
             Leaven
             ,
             because
             Leaven
             is
             the
             Mother
             and
             Daughter
             of
             corruption
             ,
             souring
             all
             if
             it
             be
             too
             much
             ,
             and
             distasting
             all
             if
             it
             be
             too
             little
             :
             but
             when
             a
             just
             proportion
             is
             kept
             betwixt
             them
             both
             ,
             Leaven
             corrects
             the
             Meals
             imperfection
             ,
             and
             Meal
             resisteth
             Leavens
             corruption
             ,
             making
             together
             a
             well
             rellished
             mass
             (
             called
             Bread
             )
             which
             is
             justly
             termed
             the
             staff
             of
             life
             .
          
           
             
             As
             for
             Bunns
             made
             with
             Eggs
             and
             Spices
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             Sugar-cakes
             ,
             Wafers
             ,
             Simnels
             and
             Cracknels
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             kind
             of
             delicious
             stuff
             ,
             wherein
             no
             Leaven
             cometh
             ;
             I
             will
             not
             deny
             them
             a
             medicinable
             use
             for
             some
             bodies
             ,
             but
             if
             they
             be
             usually
             and
             much
             eaten
             ,
             they
             rather
             help
             to
             corrupt
             then
             to
             nourish
             our
             bodies
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             age
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             
               Touching
               the
               age
               of
               Bread
            
             ,
             As
             the
             Egyptians
             Bread
             made
             of
             Lotus
             seed
             is
             never
             either
             good
             or
             light
             till
             it
             be
             
             hot
             ;
             so
             contrariwise
             all
             Bread
             made
             of
             Grain
             is
             never
             good
             till
             it
             be
             fully
             cold
             .
             Hot
             Bread
             is
             exceeding
             dangerous
             
             swimming
             in
             the
             stomach
             procuring
             thirst
             ,
             most
             
             hardly
             digesting
             ,
             and
             filling
             the
             body
             full
             of
             wind
             .
             Neither
             yet
             must
             it
             be
             too
             old
             and
             dry
             ,
             for
             then
             it
             nourisheth
             nothing
             ,
             dryeth
             up
             the
             body
             ,
             encreaseth
             costiffness
             ,
             
             and
             very
             hardly
             passeth
             from
             out
             the
             stomach
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             the
             use
             of
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             
               Concerning
               the
               use
               of
               Bread
            
             ,
             it
             consisteth
             
             in
             the
             quality
             ,
             quantity
             ,
             and
             timely
             taking
             of
             it
             .
             The
             inmost
             crumbs
             of
             bread
             are
             most
             nourishing
             ,
             and
             fittest
             for
             hot
             and
             cholerick
             persons
             ;
             contrariwise
             the
             crumbs
             next
             the
             crust
             are
             fittest
             for
             phlegmatick
             dispositions
             ,
             unto
             whom
             sometimes
             we
             allow
             the
             crust
             it self
             ,
             or
             else
             the
             crumbs
             tosted
             at
             the
             fire
             .
             Leavened
             Bread
             is
             also
             most
             convenient
             for
             weak
             stomachs
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             soonest
             digested
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             too
             much
             Leavened
             ,
             it
             anoieth
             them
             as
             much
             in
             gripings
             of
             the
             belly
             and
             spleen-swellings
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             questioned
             by
             some
             ,
             Whether
             Children
             should
             eat
             much
             Bread
             without
             Meat
             ,
             
               aut
               contra
            
             .
          
           
             Now
             Bread
             (
             so
             it
             be
             not
             newer
             then
             one
             day
             )
             is
             most
             nourshing
             ,
             but
             old
             Bread
             (
             as
             I
             said
             before
             )
             is
             most
             drying
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             quantity
             of
             Bread
             ,
             we
             are
             to
             understand
             :
             that
             as
             Drink
             is
             necessary
             to
             hasten
             meat
             out
             of
             the
             stomach
             when
             it
             is
             concocted
             ,
             so
             Bread
             is
             as
             needfull
             to
             hang
             it
             up
             ,
             and
             stay
             it
             in
             the
             stomach
             till
             it
             be
             concocted
             .
             For
             if
             we
             eat
             flesh
             ,
             fish
             or
             fruit
             without
             Bread
             ,
             it
             will
             either
             return
             upward
             (
             as
             it
             fareth
             in
             Dogs
             )
             or
             beget
             crudities
             and
             worms
             (
             as
             it
             hapneth
             to
             greedy
             Children
             )
             or
             turn
             to
             most
             cruel
             fluxes
             ,
             as
             it
             falleth
             out
             in
             the
             Time
             of
             Vintage
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             gathering
             of
             Fruit
             ,
             when
             many
             Grapes
             ,
             or
             Apples
             ,
             or
             Plums
             be
             eaten
             without
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Nevertheless
             over-much
             Bread
             is
             as
             hurtful
             ,
             yea
             the
             surfeiting
             of
             it
             is
             more
             dangerous
             then
             of
             any
             meat
             .
             For
             flesh
             ▪
             fruit
             or
             fish
             ,
             being
             immoderately
             taken
             ,
             are
             quickly
             corrupted
             into
             a
             thin
             substance
             ,
             which
             nature
             may
             easily
             avoid
             ;
             but
             the
             surfet
             of
             Bread
             is
             incorrigible
             ,
             remaining
             so
             dry
             ,
             hard
             ,
             and
             tough
             in
             the
             stomach
             ,
             that
             it
             will
             neither
             be
             voided
             upward
             ,
             nor
             downward
             without
             great
             difficulty
             ,
             resisting
             the
             operation
             of
             any
             medicine
             ,
             stopping
             
             the
             veins
             ,
             and
             dawbing
             as
             it
             were
             the
             bowels
             (
             otherwise
             sensible
             enough
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             be
             stirred
             with
             the
             least
             Physick
             )
             with
             a
             slimy
             and
             viscous
             morter
             .
             Eat
             therefore
             no
             more
             then
             to
             make
             a
             convenient
             mixture
             of
             meat
             and
             drink
             ;
             for
             as
             there
             must
             be
             a
             sufficient
             quantity
             of
             sand
             to
             combine
             lime
             and
             water
             together
             ;
             not
             too
             little
             (
             lest
             the
             morter
             be
             too
             liquid
             )
             nor
             too
             much
             (
             lest
             it
             be
             tough
             )
             but
             a
             certain
             proportion
             to
             be
             aimed
             at
             by
             the
             Plaisterer
             :
             so
             a
             due
             quantity
             of
             Bread
             maketh
             a
             perfect
             mass
             of
             nourishment
             ,
             which
             else
             being
             too
             liquid
             would
             turn
             to
             crudities
             by
             passing
             over-timely
             into
             the
             guts
             ,
             or
             being
             too
             thick
             would
             either
             putrifie
             at
             length
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             least
             wax
             burdensom
             to
             the
             stomach
             and
             choke
             the
             veins
             .
             Note
             also
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             more
             liquid
             and
             moist
             your
             meats
             are
             ,
             so
             much
             the
             more
             Bread
             is
             required
             :
             but
             the
             more
             dry
             and
             solid
             they
             are
             ,
             the
             more
             Drink
             is
             to
             be
             taken
             and
             the
             less
             Bread.
             
          
           
             
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             
               to
               speak
               somewhat
               of
               the
               time
               ,
               and
               order
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               the
               eating
               of
               Bread
               :
            
             Howsoever
             Antoninus
             that
             holy
             Emperour
             of
             Rome
             ,
             did
             make
             his
             breakfast
             onely
             of
             dry
             Bread
             ,
             and
             then
             presented
             himself
             
             to
             all
             suiters
             till
             dinner
             time
             :
             we
             must
             conceive
             ,
             first
             that
             he
             was
             Rhumatick
             through
             his
             night
             watchings
             and
             great
             studying
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             old
             and
             subject
             to
             the
             Dropsie
             :
             otherwise
             he
             was
             foolish
             to
             prescribe
             himself
             that
             Diet
             ,
             or
             his
             Physicians
             mad
             that
             perswaded
             him
             to
             it
             .
             For
             as
             first
             lime
             ,
             and
             then
             sand
             are
             mingled
             with
             water
             ,
             so
             first
             Meat
             ,
             then
             Bread
             should
             be
             eaten
             together
             ,
             and
             afterward
             drink
             should
             be
             poured
             
             on
             like
             water
             to
             mingle
             them
             both
             .
             Socrates
             said
             truly
             ,
             that
             some
             fools
             do
             use
             Bread
             as
             Meat
             ,
             and
             some
             use
             Meat
             as
             Bread.
             For
             some
             will
             break
             their
             fast
             with
             Bread
             ,
             which
             commonly
             is
             dangerous
             :
             others
             will
             eat
             at
             Dinner
             a
             little
             Meat
             and
             too
             much
             Bread
             ,
             which
             is
             
             almost
             as
             unwholesome
             :
             others
             will
             end
             their
             Meals
             with
             drink
             and
             meat
             ,
             when
             reason
             and
             experience
             sheweth
             ,
             that
             the
             upper
             mouth
             of
             our
             stomach
             is
             best
             closed
             up
             with
             Bread
             and
             dryness
             ;
             in
             the
             sealing
             and
             closing
             up
             whereof
             perfectness
             of
             concoction
             doth
             greatly
             consist
             .
          
           
             
             Cyrus
             the
             greater
             ,
             being
             asked
             dayly
             by
             his
             Stuard
             ,
             what
             he
             should
             provide
             for
             his
             Supper
             ,
             never
             gave
             him
             other
             answer
             then
             this
             ,
             
               Onely
               Bread
            
             :
             shewing
             us
             thereby
             ,
             that
             as
             our
             breakfast
             must
             be
             of
             the
             moistest
             meats
             ,
             and
             our
             Dinners
             moderately
             mingled
             with
             driness
             and
             moisture
             ;
             so
             our
             Suppers
             should
             be
             either
             onely
             of
             of
             Bread
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             most
             of
             meats
             as
             dry
             as
             Bread
             ;
             especially
             in
             these
             Islands
             and
             moist
             Countries
             ,
             so
             subject
             to
             rhumes
             and
             superfluous
             moistures
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XXVI
           .
        
         
           Of
           Salt
           ,
           Sugar
           ,
           and
           Spice
           .
        
         
           
           THere
           was
           a
           sect
           of
           Philosophers
           called
           Elpistici
           ,
           commending
           Hope
           so
           highly
           above
           all
           vertues
           ,
           that
           they
           termed
           it
           the
           sawce
           of
           life
           ;
           as
           without
           which
           our
           life
           were
           either
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           or
           else
           very
           loathsom
           tedious
           and
           unsavory
           .
           May
           I
           not
           in
           like
           manner
           say
           the
           like
           of
           
           Salt
           ▪
           to
           which
           Homer
           giveth
           the
           title
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           and
           Plato
           calleth
           it
           Jupiters
           Minion
           ?
           for
           tell
           me
           to
           what
           meat
           (
           be
           it
           flesh
           ,
           fish
           or
           fruit
           )
           or
           to
           what
           broth
           Salt
           is
           not
           required
           ,
           either
           to
           preserve
           season
           or
           rellish
           the
           same
           ?
           Nay
           bread
           the
           very
           staff
           and
           strength
           of
           our
           sustenance
           ,
           is
           it
           not
           unwholesom
           ,
           heavy
           and
           untoothsom
           
           some
           without
           Salt
           ?
           Wherefore
           in
           the
           same
           Temple
           Neptune
           and
           Ceres
           ever
           stood
           together
           ,
           because
           no
           Grain
           is
           good
           unsalted
           ,
           be
           it
           never
           so
           well
           spiced
           or
           sugared
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           artificially
           handled
           .
           Besides
           this
           ,
           the
           famous
           Warriours
           in
           old
           time
           ,
           accustomed
           to
           hard
           and
           sparing
           Diet
           ,
           howsoever
           voluntarily
           they
           eschewed
           flesh
           and
           fish
           as
           meats
           too
           delicate
           for
           Souldiers
           stomachs
           ,
           living
           onely
           upon
           bread
           ,
           onions
           ,
           leeks
           ,
           garlick
           ,
           town-cresses
           and
           roots
           ,
           yet
           they
           did
           eat
           Salt
           with
           every
           thing
           ,
           as
           without
           the
           which
           nothing
           was
           deemed
           wholesome
           .
           And
           truly
           what
           is
           flesh
           but
           a
           peece
           of
           carrion
           and
           an
           unsavory
           carcass
           ,
           till
           Salt
           quickens
           graces
           and
           preserves
           it
           ,
           infusing
           thorough
           out
           it
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           another
           soul
           ?
           what
           is
           fish
           but
           an
           unrellished
           froth
           of
           the
           water
           ,
           before
           Salt
           correcteth
           the
           flashiness
           thereof
           ,
           and
           addeth
           firmness
           ?
           yea
           milke
           ,
           cheese
           ,
           butter
           ,
           eggs
           ,
           tree-fruit
           ,
           garden
           fruit
           ,
           field-fruit
           ,
           finally
           all
           things
           ordained
           and
           given
           for
           nourishment
           ,
           are
           either
           altogether
           unwholesome
           without
           Salt
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           least
           not
           so
           wholesome
           as
           otherwise
           they
           would
           be
           .
        
         
           Plutarch
           moveth
           a
           question
           in
           his
           Natural
           Disputations
           ,
           
           why
           Salt
           should
           be
           so
           much
           esteemed
           ,
           when
           beasts
           and
           fruits
           give
           a
           rellish
           of
           others
           tastes
           ,
           but
           none
           of
           Salt
           ?
           For
           many
           meats
           are
           fatty
           of
           themselves
           ,
           Olives
           are
           bitterish
           ,
           and
           many
           fruits
           are
           sweet
           ,
           many
           soure
           ,
           divers
           astringent
           ,
           some
           sharpe
           ,
           and
           some
           harsh
           ;
           but
           none
           are
           salt
           of
           their
           own
           nature
           :
           what
           should
           be
           gathered
           of
           this
           ?
           that
           the
           use
           of
           salt
           is
           unnaturall
           or
           unwholesome
           ?
           nothing
           less
           .
           It
           is
           enough
           for
           nature
           to
           give
           us
           meat
           ,
           and
           elsewhere
           to
           give
           us
           wherewith
           to
           season
           them
           .
           And
           truly
           sith
           Salt
           may
           either
           be
           found
           or
           made
           in
           all
           Countries
           ,
           what
           needed
           fruit
           ,
           flesh
           ,
           or
           fish
           to
           have
           that
           taste
           within
           them
           ,
           which
           out
           wardly
           was
           to
           be
           had
           at
           mans
           pleasure
           .
        
         
         
           
           Now
           if
           any
           shall
           object
           unto
           me
           the
           Egyptian
           Priests
           ,
           abstaining
           wholly
           from
           Salt
           (
           even
           in
           their
           bread
           &
           eggs
           )
           because
           it
           engendereth
           heat
           and
           stirreth
           up
           lust
           :
           Or
           
             Apollonius
             (
             Herophilus
          
           his
           Scholer
           )
           who
           by
           his
           Physicians
           
           counsel
           abstained
           wholly
           from
           any
           thing
           wherein
           Salt
           was
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           very
           lean
           ,
           and
           grew
           to
           be
           exceeding
           fat
           by
           eating
           hony-sops
           and
           sugared
           Panadoes
           :
           I
           will
           answer
           them
           many
           wayes
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           sufficiently
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           that
           long
           custome
           is
           a
           second
           nature
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           had
           been
           dangerous
           for
           the
           Egyptian
           Priests
           to
           have
           eaten
           Salt
           ,
           which
           even
           from
           their
           infancy
           they
           never
           tasted
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           whereas
           it
           was
           said
           ,
           that
           they
           abstained
           from
           it
           for
           fear
           of
           lust
           ,
           no
           doubt
           they
           did
           wisely
           in
           it
           ;
           for
           of
           all
           other
           things
           it
           is
           very
           effectual
           to
           stir
           up
           Venus
           ,
           whom
           Poets
           fain
           therefore
           to
           have
           been
           breed
           in
           the
           Salt
           Sea.
           And
           experience
           teacheth
           ,
           that
           Mice
           lying
           in
           Hoyes
           laden
           from
           Rochel
           with
           Salt
           ,
           breed
           thrice
           faster
           there
           ,
           then
           if
           they
           were
           laden
           with
           other
           Merchandize
           .
           Huntsmen
           likewise
           and
           Shepherds
           seeing
           a
           slowness
           of
           lust
           in
           their
           Dogs
           and
           Cattle
           ,
           feed
           them
           with
           Salt
           meats
           to
           hasten
           coupling
           ;
           and
           what
           maketh
           Doves
           and
           Goats
           so
           lusty
           and
           lacivious
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           desire
           to
           feed
           upon
           salt
           things
           ?
           Finally
           remember
           ,
           that
           lechery
           (
           in
           Latin
           )
           is
           not
           idlely
           ,
           or
           at
           adventure
           termed
           
             Salaritas
             ,
             Saltishness
          
           ;
           for
           every
           man
           knows
           that
           the
           salter
           our
           humours
           be
           ,
           the
           more
           prone
           and
           inclinable
           we
           are
           to
           lechery
           :
           As
           manifestly
           appeareth
           in
           Lazars
           ,
           whose
           blood
           being
           over
           salt
           ,
           causeth
           a
           continual
           tickling
           and
           desire
           of
           venery
           ,
           though
           for
           want
           of
           good
           nourishment
           they
           perform
           little
           .
        
         
           Wherefore
           whosoever
           coveteth
           to
           be
           freed
           of
           that
           desire
           with
           the
           Egyptian
           Priests
           (
           which
           is
           an
           unnatural
           thing
           to
           covet
           )
           let
           them
           altogether
           abstaine
           from
           Salt
           
           in
           every
           thing
           ;
           but
           look
           how
           much
           they
           gain
           in
           impotency
           that
           way
           ,
           so
           much
           they
           lose
           of
           health
           another
           way
           .
           For
           as
           sheep
           feeding
           in
           salt
           Marshes
           never
           dye
           of
           the
           rot
           and
           be
           never
           barren
           ,
           but
           contrariwise
           are
           rotted
           as
           well
           as
           fatted
           in
           fresh
           pastures
           :
           so
           likewise
           whosoever
           moderately
           useth
           Salt
           shall
           be
           freed
           of
           putrifaction
           and
           stoppings
           ,
           and
           live
           long
           in
           health
           (
           no
           disorder
           being
           elsewhere
           committed
           )
           when
           they
           which
           wholly
           abstain
           from
           it
           both
           in
           bread
           and
           meat
           ,
           shall
           fall
           into
           many
           diseases
           and
           grievous
           accidents
           ,
           as
           did
           Apollonius
           himself
           for
           all
           his
           fatness
           ;
           and
           as
           it
           hapned
           to
           Dr.
           Penny
           ,
           who
           after
           he
           had
           abstained
           certain
           years
           from
           Salt
           ,
           fell
           into
           divers
           stoppings
           ,
           cruel
           vomitings
           ,
           intolerable
           headache
           and
           strange
           migrams
           ,
           whereby
           his
           memory
           and
           all
           inward
           and
           outward
           senses
           were
           much
           weakned
           .
        
         
           Remember
           here
           ,
           That
           I
           said
           
             whosoever
             moderately
             useth
             Salt
          
           ;
           for
           as
           wholly
           to
           refuse
           it
           causeth
           many
           inconveniencies
           ,
           so
           to
           abuse
           the
           same
           in
           excess
           is
           no
           less
           dangerous
           ,
           engendring
           choler
           ,
           drying
           up
           natural
           moisture
           ,
           enflaming
           blood
           ,
           stopping
           the
           veins
           ,
           hardning
           the
           stone
           ,
           gathering
           together
           viscous
           and
           crude
           humours
           ,
           making
           sharpness
           of
           urine
           ,
           consuming
           the
           flesh
           and
           fat
           of
           our
           bodies
           ,
           breeding
           salacity
           and
           the
           colt
           evil
           ,
           bringing
           finally
           upon
           us
           scabs
           ,
           itch
           ,
           skurfe
           ,
           cankers
           ,
           gangrena's
           and
           foul
           leprousies
           .
           They
           which
           are
           cold
           ,
           fat
           ,
           watrish
           and
           phlegmatick
           ,
           may
           feed
           more
           plentifully
           on
           salt
           and
           salt-meats
           then
           other
           persons
           :
           but
           cholerick
           and
           melancholick
           complexions
           must
           use
           it
           more
           sparingly
           ,
           and
           sanguineans
           must
           take
           no
           more
           of
           it
           ,
           then
           lightly
           to
           rellish
           their
           unsavory
           meat
           .
        
         
           Our
           Wiches
           in
           Cheshire
           afford
           so
           good
           Salt
           (
           through
           God's
           singular
           Providence
           and
           mercy
           towards
           us
           )
           that
           I
           am
           eased
           of
           a
           great
           labour
           in
           shewing
           the
           differences
           of
           salt
           .
           Onely
           thus
           much
           I
           leave
           to
           be
           noted
           ,
           that
           Bay-salt
           
           is
           best
           to
           make
           brine
           of
           ,
           but
           our
           white
           salt
           is
           fittest
           to
           be
           eaten
           at
           table
           .
           Finally
           sith
           not
           onely
           we
           in
           England
           ,
           but
           also
           all
           other
           Nations
           ,
           yea
           the
           old
           Romans
           and
           Grecians
           (
           as
           Pliny
           and
           Alexander
           remember
           )
           placed
           Salt
           ever
           first
           at
           the
           Table
           ,
           and
           took
           it
           last
           away
           (
           insinuating
           thereby
           the
           necessary
           use
           thereof
           with
           all
           kinds
           of
           meats
           )
           let
           us
           conclude
           with
           the
           Scholers
           of
           Salern
           ,
           in
           good
           rhime
           and
           better
           reason
           .
           
             
               Sal
               primo
               debet
               poni
               ,
               non
               primo
               reponi
               ,
            
             
               Omnis
               mensa
               male
               ponitur
               absque
               sale
               .
            
          
        
         
           Here
           I
           might
           speak
           of
           
             Sal
             Sacerdotale
             Aetii
          
           ,
           called
           the
           Priests
           Salt
           ,
           mingled
           with
           many
           sweet
           herbs
           and
           spices
           to
           preserve
           meats
           :
           as
           also
           of
           Chymical
           Salts
           drawn
           from
           wormwood
           ,
           cinamon
           ,
           cloves
           ,
           guajacum
           and
           other
           infinite
           simples
           ;
           but
           sith
           they
           are
           rather
           medicinable
           then
           belonging
           to
           ordinary
           diet
           ,
           I
           have
           reason
           to
           omit
           them
           .
        
         
           Now
           if
           any
           will
           mervail
           ,
           why
           I
           should
           write
           thus
           much
           in
           the
           commendation
           of
           Salt
           ,
           when
           by
           general
           consent
           of
           Writers
           it
           is
           not
           nourishing
           :
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           onely
           accidentally
           ,
           in
           making
           our
           meat
           more
           gracious
           to
           the
           stomach
           ,
           hindring
           putrefaction
           ,
           and
           drying
           up
           superfluous
           humours
           ;
           but
           also
           essentially
           in
           it self
           ,
           being
           taken
           in
           his
           just
           and
           due
           proportion
           .
           For
           our
           bodies
           hath
           and
           should
           have
           humours
           of
           all
           tastes
           ;
           yea
           the
           firmest
           element
           of
           our
           body
           is
           nothing
           but
           Salt
           it self
           ,
           and
           so
           termed
           by
           the
           best
           (
           though
           the
           newest
           )
           Philosophers
           ;
           which
           will
           hardly
           be
           preserved
           without
           eating
           of
           Salt.
           
        
         
           Hence
           comes
           it
           that
           Souldiers
           ,
           Sea
           ▪
           men
           and
           Country-labourers
           ,
           accustomed
           to
           feed
           usually
           upon
           hang'd
           ▪
           Beef
           ,
           Salt-bacon
           ,
           and
           salt
           fish
           ,
           have
           a
           more
           firm
           flesh
           
           and
           greater
           strength
           then
           ordinary
           Citizens
           and
           dainty
           Gentlemen
           .
           And
           if
           Salt-meats
           (
           not
           over-salted
           )
           be
           generally
           held
           to
           give
           the
           best
           nourishment
           ,
           why
           should
           we
           deny
           that
           Salt
           nourisheth
           ?
        
         
           A
           Woman
           eating
           much
           salt
           when
           she
           is
           with
           Child
           ,
           bringeth
           forth
           a
           Child
           without
           Nailes
           .
        
         
           Salt
           in
           pottage
           is
           forbidden
           in
           hot
           agues
           .
        
         
           They
           which
           eat
           much
           Salt
           and
           Vinegar
           have
           burnt
           livers
           ,
           and
           live
           unsound
           .
        
         
           
             Of
             Sugar
             .
          
           
             Sugar
             or
             Suchar
             is
             but
             a
             sweet
             ,
             or
             (
             as
             the
             Ancients
             term
             it
             )
             an
             Indian
             Salt.
             The
             best
             Sugar
             is
             made
             of
             the
             tears
             or
             liquor
             of
             Sugar
             canes
             ,
             replenished
             so
             with
             juice
             that
             they
             crack
             againe
             .
             Other
             sorts
             are
             made
             of
             the
             Canes
             themselves
             finely
             cut
             ,
             and
             boiled
             so
             long
             in
             water
             ,
             till
             all
             their
             gumminess
             gather
             together
             at
             the
             bottome
             ,
             as
             Salt
             doth
             in
             Cheshire
             at
             Nantwich
             .
             The
             best
             Sugar
             is
             hard
             ,
             solid
             ,
             light
             ,
             exceeding
             white
             and
             sweet
             ,
             glistring
             like
             snow
             ,
             close
             and
             not
             spungy
             ,
             melting
             (
             as
             salt
             doth
             )
             very
             speedily
             in
             any
             liquor
             .
             Such
             cometh
             from
             Madera
             in
             little
             loaves
             ,
             of
             three
             or
             four
             pound
             weight
             apeece
             :
             from
             whence
             also
             we
             have
             a
             courser
             sort
             of
             Sugar-loves
             ,
             weighing
             seven
             ,
             eight
             ,
             nine
             or
             ten
             pounds
             apeece
             ,
             not
             fully
             so
             good
             for
             candying
             fruits
             ,
             but
             better
             for
             syrups
             and
             Kitchin
             uses
             .
          
           
             Barbary
             and
             Canary
             Sugar
             is
             next
             to
             that
             ,
             containing
             twelve
             ,
             sixteen
             and
             seventeen
             l.
             weight
             in
             a
             loafe
             .
             But
             your
             common
             and
             course
             Sugar
             (
             called
             commonly
             St.
             Omers
             Sugar
             )
             is
             white
             without
             ,
             and
             brown
             within
             ,
             of
             a
             most
             gluish
             substance
             ,
             altogether
             unfit
             for
             candying
             or
             preserving
             ,
             but
             serving
             well
             enough
             for
             common
             syrups
             and
             seasoning
             of
             meat
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             pouder
             of
             which
             Sugar
             our
             cunning
             Refiners
             
             make
             such
             white
             and
             glorious
             Sugar
             in
             shew
             ,
             that
             albeit
             it
             be
             neither
             sweet
             ,
             light
             nor
             kindly
             ,
             yet
             they
             feel
             an
             unspeakable
             sweetness
             by
             that
             art
             ,
             or
             rather
             trade
             ,
             or
             rather
             mystery
             ,
             or
             rather
             (
             if
             I
             am
             not
             mistaken
             )
             flat
             couzenage
             and
             apparent
             knavery
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             uses
             of
             this
             worthy
             and
             sweet
             Salt
             ;
             they
             are
             many
             and
             good
             .
             For
             whereas
             hony
             is
             hurtful
             to
             cholerick
             complexions
             ,
             Sugar
             is
             incommodious
             or
             hurtful
             unto
             none
             ;
             yea
             it
             is
             so
             mild
             and
             temperate
             ,
             that
             
             Galen
             doth
             not
             disallow
             it
             to
             be
             given
             in
             agues
             .
             Furthermore
             it
             nourisheth
             very
             plentifully
             ,
             yea
             it
             maketh
             many
             things
             to
             become
             exceeding
             good
             meat
             (
             by
             conditing
             ,
             preserving
             and
             conserving
             )
             as
             Citrons
             ,
             Limons
             ,
             Orenges
             ,
             Nutmegs
             ,
             Ginger
             &
             such
             like
             ,
             which
             of
             their
             own
             nature
             do
             rather
             hinder
             nourishment
             and
             procure
             leanness
             .
             Besides
             this
             ,
             it
             delighteth
             the
             stomach
             ,
             pleaseth
             the
             blood
             and
             liver
             ,
             cleanseth
             the
             brest
             ,
             restoreth
             the
             lungs
             (
             especially
             being
             candied
             )
             taketh
             away
             hoarseness
             ,
             and
             asswageth
             drought
             in
             all
             agues
             ,
             giving
             also
             no
             small
             ease
             to
             enflamed
             kidneys
             ,
             and
             to
             bladders
             molested
             with
             sharpness
             of
             urine
             .
          
           
             Sugar
             keepeth
             Children
             from
             engendring
             of
             worms
             ,
             but
             being
             engendred
             ,
             maketh
             them
             stir
             .
          
           
             It
             were
             infinite
             to
             reherse
             the
             necessary
             use
             of
             it
             in
             making
             of
             good
             gellies
             ,
             cullises
             ,
             mortesses
             ,
             white-broths
             ,
             and
             restorative
             pies
             and
             mixtures
             :
             which
             sith
             cooks
             do
             and
             ought
             chiefly
             to
             practice
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             further
             usurpe
             upon
             their
             province
             ;
             onely
             say
             ,
             Sugar
             never
             marred
             sawce
             .
          
        
         
           
             Of
             Spices
             .
          
           
             Spices
             are
             properly
             called
             such
             sweet
             and
             odoriferous
             simples
             ,
             as
             are
             taken
             from
             trees
             ,
             shrubs
             ,
             herbs
             ,
             or
             plants
             ;
             whereof
             some
             are
             growing
             in
             England
             or
             home
             ▪
             bred
             ,
             
             others
             fetcht
             from
             far
             Countries
             ,
             cal'd
             Outlandish
             spices
             .
          
           
             
               Homebred
               spices
               are
               these
            
             ,
             Aniseed
             ,
             Dill
             ,
             Fennel-seed
             ,
             Alcost
             ,
             Commin
             ,
             Carawayes
             ,
             Clary
             ,
             Corianders
             ,
             dried
             Mints
             ,
             dried
             Nep
             ,
             dried
             Origanum
             ,
             Parsly-seed
             ,
             dried
             Gilly-flowers
             ,
             roots
             of
             Galinga
             and
             Orris
             ,
             dried
             Primroses
             ▪
             Pennirial
             ,
             Rosemary
             ,
             Saffron
             ,
             Sage
             ,
             Oke
             of
             Ierusalem
             Bay
             berries
             ,
             Iuniper-berries
             ,
             Sothernwood
             ,
             Tansie
             ,
             Tamarisk
             ,
             Time
             ,
             dried
             Wal-flowers
             ,
             Violets
             ,
             Varvein
             ,
             Wintersavory
             ,
             Wormwood
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
           
             
               Outlandish
               Spices
               are
               these
               chiefly
            
             ,
             Lignum
             Aloes
             ,
             Foleum
             Indicum
             ,
             Cinamon
             ,
             Ginger
             ,
             Mace
             ,
             Cloves
             ,
             Pepper
             ,
             Nutmegs
             ,
             Pills
             of
             Citrons
             ,
             Limons
             and
             Orenges
             ,
             Grains
             ,
             Cubebs
             ,
             and
             Saunders
             ,
             &c.
             which
             being
             no
             nourishment
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             serving
             onely
             to
             Physick
             uses
             ,
             I
             rather
             ought
             to
             send
             you
             to
             the
             Herbals
             of
             
               Lobelius
               ,
               Dodonaeus
               ,
               Clusius
               ,
               Turner
               ,
            
             and
             Bauhinus
             ,
             (
             where
             at
             large
             you
             may
             hear
             of
             their
             vertues
             )
             then
             to
             stand
             here
             upon
             them
             any
             longer
             in
             my
             Treatise
             of
             nourishments
             .
             Wherefore
             let
             it
             be
             sufficient
             for
             me
             to
             have
             set
             down
             their
             temperatures
             in
             the
             fifth
             Chapter
             of
             this
             Treatise
             ;
             and
             now
             let
             me
             proceed
             to
             discourse
             of
             Sawces
             :
             wherein
             (
             as
             occasion
             serveth
             )
             I
             will
             somewhat
             enlarge
             my
             Treatise
             of
             Spices
             ,
             which
             I
             might
             have
             handled
             in
             this
             Chapter
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXVII
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           necessary
           use
           and
           abuse
           of
           Sawces
           ,
           and
           whereon
           they
           consist
           .
        
         
           
           PLutarch
           bouldly
           affirmeth
           that
           the
           Ancients
           knew
           never
           any
           sawces
           but
           two
           ,
           Hungar
           and
           Salt
           :
           calling
           that
           the
           night
           ,
           and
           this
           the
           light
           of
           sawces
           :
           for
           as
           in
           the
           night
           all
           colours
           be
           alike
           ,
           so
           nothing
           is
           unsavory
           to
           a
           hungry
           stomach
           :
           and
           as
           the
           light
           discerneth
           colours
           ,
           so
           salt
           sheweth
           the
           variety
           and
           excellency
           of
           all
           tastes
           .
           Proof
           hereof
           we
           have
           usually
           at
           our
           Tables
           ,
           where
           having
           tasted
           of
           vinegar
           or
           soure
           fruit
           ,
           or
           eaten
           much
           sweet
           meats
           ▪
           the
           best
           wine
           is
           presently
           distasted
           after
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           goodness
           thereof
           undiscerned
           till
           a
           little
           salt
           be
           eaten
           .
        
         
           Concerning
           Hunger
           ,
           I
           yeeld
           unto
           Plutarch
           ,
           for
           without
           that
           even
           salt
           and
           vinegar
           and
           every
           thing
           is
           unsavory
           ,
           according
           as
           it
           is
           written
           of
           the
           Cooks
           of
           Athens
           ;
           
           who
           vaunting
           by
           their
           divers
           pickles
           ,
           sawces
           ,
           pouders
           and
           mixtures
           to
           procure
           any
           man
           an
           appetite
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           end
           they
           found
           it
           true
           ,
           that
           the
           best
           sawce
           is
           loathsome
           without
           hunger
           .
           Dionisius
           also
           supping
           once
           (
           after
           
           Hunting
           )
           with
           the
           Lacedaemonians
           ,
           most
           highly
           extolled
           their
           black-broth
           ;
           afterwards
           eating
           of
           the
           same
           another
           time
           ,
           without
           exercise
           premised
           ,
           he
           did
           as
           deeply
           dispraise
           it
           .
        
         
           
           The
           like
           we
           read
           of
           Ptolomy
           in
           Platina
           ,
           and
           of
           Socrates
           in
           
             Tullies
             Tusculanes
          
           ,
           who
           walked
           ever
           before
           Meat
           a
           mile
           or
           two
           ,
           to
           buy
           him
           this
           sawce
           of
           hunger
           Anacharsis
           
           was
           wont
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           dry
           ground
           is
           the
           best
           Bed
           ,
           a
           
           skin
           hardned
           with
           exercise
           the
           best
           garment
           ,
           and
           natural
           hunger
           the
           best
           sawce
           :
           which
           addition
           of
           this
           word
           natural
           cleareth
           the
           question
           ;
           for
           over-much
           hunger
           tasteth
           nothing
           better
           then
           overmuch
           satiety
           ,
           the
           one
           loathing
           good
           things
           because
           of
           fulness
           ,
           the
           other
           commending
           bad
           things
           because
           of
           emptiness
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           Salt
           ,
           the
           second
           sawce
           of
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           I
           have
           already
           enough
           commended
           it
           in
           the
           former
           Chapter
           :
           nevertheless
           it
           is
           not
           sufficient
           ,
           nay
           it
           is
           not
           convenient
           for
           all
           stomachs
           .
           For
           even
           old
           times
           afforded
           two
           sawces
           ,
           Salt
           and
           Vinegar
           ,
           the
           one
           for
           hot
           stomachs
           ,
           the
           other
           for
           cold
           ,
           knowing
           well
           enough
           that
           appetites
           are
           not
           procured
           in
           all
           men
           alike
           ,
           because
           want
           of
           appetite
           ariseth
           from
           divers
           fountains
           .
        
         
           
           Plutarch
           raileth
           mightily
           against
           sawces
           and
           seasonnings
           ,
           avouching
           them
           to
           be
           needless
           to
           healthful
           persons
           ,
           and
           unprofitable
           to
           the
           sick
           ,
           because
           they
           never
           eat
           but
           when
           they
           are
           hungry
           ,
           and
           these
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           made
           hungry
           ,
           lest
           they
           oppress
           nature
           by
           eating
           too
           much
           .
           But
           I
           deny
           both
           his
           arguments
           ;
           for
           as
           many
           sound
           men
           abhor
           divers
           things
           in
           their
           health
           roasted
           ,
           which
           they
           love
           sodden
           ;
           so
           likewise
           they
           love
           some
           things
           seasoned
           after
           one
           fashion
           ,
           which
           seasoned
           or
           sawced
           after
           another
           fashion
           they
           cannot
           abide
           ,
           no
           though
           they
           be
           urged
           unto
           it
           by
           great
           hunger
           .
        
         
           As
           for
           them
           that
           be
           sick
           ,
           whosoever
           dreameth
           ,
           that
           no
           sick
           man
           should
           be
           allured
           to
           meat
           by
           delightful
           and
           pleasant
           sawces
           ,
           seemeth
           as
           froward
           and
           fantastical
           as
           he
           that
           would
           never
           whet
           his
           Knife
           .
           And
           tell
           me
           I
           pray
           you
           ,
           why
           hath
           nature
           brought
           forth
           such
           variety
           of
           herbs
           ,
           roots
           ,
           fruits
           ,
           spices
           and
           juices
           fit
           for
           nothing
           but
           sawces
           ,
           but
           that
           by
           them
           the
           sound
           should
           be
           refreshed
           ,
           and
           the
           sick
           men
           allured
           to
           feed
           upon
           meat
           ?
           for
           whom
           an
           overstraite
           abstinence
           is
           as
           dangerous
           ,
           as
           fulness
           and
           satiety
           is
           inconvenient
           .
        
         
         
           All
           which
           I
           write
           ,
           not
           to
           tickle
           the
           Epicures
           of
           our
           age
           ,
           who
           to
           the
           further
           craming
           of
           their
           filthy
           corps
           ,
           make
           curious
           sawces
           for
           every
           meat
           ;
           or
           to
           force
           appetite
           daily
           where
           no
           exercise
           is
           used
           :
           for
           as
           Morris-dancers
           at
           Burials
           make
           no
           sport
           ,
           but
           rather
           give
           cause
           of
           further
           lamenting
           ;
           so
           appetites
           continually
           forced
           weaken
           a
           diseased
           stomach
           ,
           either
           making
           men
           for
           a
           time
           to
           eat
           more
           then
           they
           should
           ,
           or
           else
           afterwards
           bereaving
           them
           of
           all
           appetite
           .
           Socrates
           compared
           the
           
           over-curious
           seasoning
           of
           meat
           ,
           and
           these
           Epicurean
           sawce-makers
           to
           common
           Courtisans
           curiously
           painted
           and
           sumptuously
           adorned
           ,
           before
           they
           entertain
           their
           lovers
           ;
           whereby
           they
           stir
           up
           new
           lust
           in
           withered
           stocks
           ,
           and
           make
           even
           the
           gray-headed
           spend
           and
           consume
           themselves
           .
           Even
           so
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           these
           new
           found
           sawces
           ,
           what
           are
           they
           but
           Whores
           to
           edge
           our
           appetite
           ,
           making
           us
           to
           feast
           when
           we
           should
           fast
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           to
           feed
           more
           then
           nature
           willeth
           ?
           Also
           he
           resembleth
           them
           to
           tickling
           under
           the
           sides
           and
           arm-pits
           ,
           which
           causeth
           not
           a
           true
           &
           hearty
           ,
           but
           rather
           a
           convulsive
           and
           hurtful
           laughter
           ,
           doing
           no
           more
           good
           to
           pensive
           persons
           ,
           then
           hard
           scratching
           is
           profitable
           to
           a
           scald
           head
           ,
           wherein
           yet
           it
           delighteth
           to
           his
           own
           hurt
           .
        
         
           
           There
           is
           a
           notable
           Hystory
           written
           of
           Alexander
           and
           Queen
           Ada
           ,
           who
           purposing
           to
           present
           the
           Conquerour
           with
           her
           best
           jewels
           ,
           sent
           him
           two
           of
           her
           best
           sawce-makers
           ,
           to
           season
           and
           dress
           his
           meat
           ,
           commending
           their
           skill
           exceedingly
           in
           her
           Letters
           :
           But
           Alexander
           having
           bountifully
           rewarded
           them
           for
           their
           travail
           ,
           returned
           them
           with
           this
           message
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           along
           time
           entertained
           two
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           which
           made
           him
           better
           sawce
           to
           his
           meat
           ,
           then
           any
           other
           could
           make
           in
           his
           judgment
           ;
           namely
           ,
           Nyctoporia
           Night-marching
           ,
           who
           ever
           got
           him
           a
           stomach
           to
           his
           Dinner
           ,
           and
           Oligaristia
           littledining
           ,
           
           who
           ever
           procured
           him
           a
           stomach
           to
           his
           Supper
           .
           Shewing
           thereby
           that
           exercise
           before
           Dinner
           and
           Supper
           are
           the
           best
           sawce-makers
           ,
           because
           they
           bring
           forth
           hunger
           ,
           which
           tasteth
           (
           yea
           which
           causeth
           us
           also
           to
           digest
           )
           all
           things
           .
        
         
           And
           verily
           for
           strong
           and
           able
           persons
           ,
           what
           need
           we
           prescribe
           more
           sawces
           then
           exercise
           and
           hunger
           ?
           Nevertheless
           because
           many
           mens
           trade
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           estate
           of
           health
           is
           such
           ,
           that
           either
           they
           cannot
           exercise
           themselves
           abroad
           ,
           or
           else
           are
           not
           able
           thorugh
           weakness
           to
           do
           it
           at
           home
           (
           whereupon
           want
           of
           appetite
           and
           want
           of
           digestion
           ,
           the
           onely
           founders
           of
           sawces
           must
           ensue
           )
           it
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           set
           down
           some
           simples
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           the
           matter
           of
           sawces
           for
           both
           those
           inconveniencies
           .
        
         
           
             The
             most
             usual
             and
             best
             simples
             whereof
             Sawces
             are
             made
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             stomach
             want
             appetite
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             cold
             and
             raw
             humours
             furring
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             dulling
             the
             sense
             of
             feeling
             in
             the
             mouth
             thereof
             .
          
        
         
           
             Hot
             Sawces
             .
          
           
             Make
             sawce
             of
             Dill
             ,
             fennel
             ,
             mints
             ,
             origanum
             ,
             parsly
             ,
             dryed
             gilli-flowers
             ,
             galinga
             ,
             mustardseed
             ,
             garlick
             ,
             onions
             ,
             leeks
             ,
             juniper-berries
             ,
             sage
             ,
             time
             ,
             varvein
             ,
             betony
             ,
             salt
             ,
             cinamon
             ,
             ginger
             ,
             mace
             ,
             cloves
             ,
             nutmegs
             ,
             pepper
             ,
             pills
             of
             citrons
             ,
             limons
             and
             orenges
             ,
             grains
             ,
             cubebs
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             mingle
             some
             one
             ,
             two
             ,
             or
             three
             of
             them
             together
             ,
             according
             as
             occasion
             most
             requireth
             ,
             with
             wine
             or
             vinegar
             ,
             strong
             of
             rosemary
             or
             gilly-flowers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cold
             Sawces
             .
          
           
             Contrariwise
             wanteth
             your
             stomach
             appetite
             ,
             through
             abundance
             of
             choler
             ,
             or
             adust
             and
             putrified
             phlegm
             ?
             then
             restore
             it
             with
             sawces
             made
             of
             sorrel
             ,
             lettice
             ,
             spinache
             ,
             purselane
             ,
             or
             saunders
             ;
             mingled
             with
             vinegar
             ,
             verjuice
             ,
             cider
             ,
             alegar
             ,
             or
             water
             it self
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             pulp
             of
             prunes
             ,
             apples
             ,
             currens
             and
             such
             like
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             digestion
             ,
             it
             waxeth
             slow
             and
             weak
             ,
             either
             because
             the
             stomach
             is
             too
             cold
             ,
             or
             because
             the
             meat
             is
             of
             bad
             digestion
             which
             is
             put
             into
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sawces
             for
             slow
             digestion
             .
          
           
             Cold
             stomachs
             must
             be
             quickned
             with
             sawces
             hot
             of
             spice
             ;
             and
             meats
             hard
             of
             digestion
             must
             be
             helped
             with
             hot
             things
             :
             therfore
             I
             commend
             the
             use
             of
             mustard
             with
             biefe
             ,
             and
             all
             kind
             of
             salted
             flesh
             and
             fish
             ;
             and
             onion-saw
             with
             Duck
             ,
             Widgin
             ,
             Teal
             ,
             and
             all
             water
             Foul
             ;
             salt
             and
             pepper
             with
             Venison
             ,
             and
             galinga
             sawce
             with
             the
             flesh
             of
             Cygnets
             ;
             and
             garlick
             or
             onions
             boild
             in
             milk
             with
             a
             stuble
             Goose
             ;
             sugar
             and
             mustard
             with
             red
             Deer
             ,
             Crane
             ,
             Shovelar
             and
             Bustard
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sawces
             for
             temperate
             Meats
             .
          
           
             But
             for
             temperate
             Meats
             and
             speedy
             of
             digestion
             (
             as
             Pork
             ,
             Mutton
             ,
             Lamb
             ,
             Veal
             ,
             Kid
             ,
             Hen
             ,
             Capon
             ,
             Pullet
             ,
             Chicken
             ,
             Rabbet
             ,
             Partridge
             ,
             Pheasant
             ,
             &c.
             )
             we
             must
             likewise
             devise
             temperate
             sawces
             :
             as
             mustard
             and
             green-sawce
             for
             Pork
             ,
             ▪
             verjuice
             and
             salt
             for
             Mutton
             ;
             the
             juice
             of
             Orenges
             or
             Limons
             with
             wine
             ,
             salt
             and
             sugar
             for
             Capons
             ,
             Pheasants
             and
             Partridges
             ;
             water
             and
             pepper
             for
             Woodcocks
             ;
             vinegar
             and
             butter
             ,
             or
             the
             gravet
             of
             roasted
             meat
             with
             Rabbets
             ,
             Pigeons
             or
             Chickens
             ;
             for
             if
             their
             sawces
             should
             be
             either
             too
             cold
             ,
             or
             too
             hot
             ,
             such
             meats
             would
             soon
             corrupt
             in
             our
             stomachs
             ,
             being
             otherwise
             most
             nourishing
             of
             their
             own
             nature
             .
             As
             for
             the
             just
             quantity
             and
             proportion
             of
             every
             thing
             belonging
             unto
             sawces
             and
             pickles
             ,
             albeit
             Apicius
             took
             great
             pains
             
             therein
             ,
             writing
             whole
             volums
             of
             that
             argument
             ,
             yet
             few
             of
             those
             sawces
             agreed
             with
             most
             mens
             natures
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             them
             perhaps
             (
             if
             we
             might
             peruse
             those
             books
             )
             were
             grounded
             upon
             little
             or
             no
             reason
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             leave
             the
             directing
             of
             them
             to
             particular
             Cooks
             ,
             who
             by
             experience
             can
             best
             aime
             at
             every
             mans
             appetite
             ,
             and
             
             know
             also
             sufficiently
             how
             to
             correct
             that
             flesh
             by
             Artificial
             preparation
             and
             appropriated
             sawce
             ,
             which
             nature
             hath
             made
             queazy
             or
             heavy
             to
             indifferent
             stomachs
             .
          
           
             Some
             have
             put
             the
             question
             ,
             Whether
             there
             be
             any
             sawce
             but
             appetite
             ?
             or
             whether
             it
             be
             good
             to
             use
             sawces
             ?
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XXVIII
           .
        
         
           Of
           Variety
           of
           Meats
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           necessary
           and
           convenient
           .
        
         
           PHilo
           a
           most
           excellent
           Physician
           having
           invited
           Philinus
           to
           Supper
           ,
           entertained
           him
           with
           all
           kind
           of
           fowl
           ,
           fish
           and
           fruit
           ,
           killing
           also
           as
           many
           beasts
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           purposed
           to
           celebrate
           an
           Hecatombe
           :
           But
           his
           eloquent
           guest
           (
           for
           he
           was
           counted
           the
           best
           Councellor
           at
           the
           Bar
           of
           Athens
           )
           either
           to
           reprove
           his
           Friend
           ,
           or
           to
           try
           his
           Oratory
           ,
           accused
           him
           at
           the
           Table
           of
           a
           double
           trespass
           ,
           the
           one
           against
           himself
           ,
           the
           other
           against
           nature
           .
           Against
           himself
           ,
           because
           he
           allured
           him
           to
           surfet
           by
           variety
           of
           dishes
           :
           against
           nature
           ,
           because
           nature
           teacheth
           us
           to
           feed
           but
           upon
           meat
           ,
           and
           yet
           Philo
           himself
           did
           
           feed
           upon
           many
           .
           But
           tell
           me
           Philinus
           (
           for
           I
           am
           a
           Physitian
           likewise
           ,
           and
           sworne
           to
           defend
           my
           Teachers
           no
           less
           then
           my
           Parents
           )
           how
           is
           it
           an
           unnatural
           thing
           to
           feed
           
           upon
           many
           dishes
           ?
           Mary
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           nature
           teacheth
           us
           to
           feed
           upon
           that
           which
           will
           make
           us
           to
           remain
           longest
           in
           life
           and
           health
           ;
           wherefore
           if
           we
           would
           feed
           as
           beasts
           do
           upon
           some
           one
           thing
           ,
           we
           should
           outlive
           them
           ;
           whereas
           now
           through
           our
           variety
           of
           dishes
           they
           outlive
           us
           .
        
         
           Again
           ;
           do
           not
           you
           Physitians
           (
           being
           but
           Natures
           Ministers
           )
           
           disswade
           men
           in
           agues
           from
           diversity
           of
           meats
           ,
           bringing
           unto
           them
           only
           some
           one
           dish
           of
           a
           Chicken
           or
           Rabbet
           simply
           roasted
           or
           boiled
           ,
           neither
           smelling
           nor
           tasting
           of
           any
           mixture
           ,
           nor
           marred
           ,
           or
           infected
           with
           variety
           of
           sawces
           ?
           Furthermore
           doth
           not
           the
           Diars
           Art
           instruct
           us
           ,
           no
           colour
           to
           keep
           so
           long
           in
           cloth
           or
           silk
           ,
           as
           that
           which
           is
           made
           by
           one
           simple
           ?
           And
           is
           not
           the
           sweetest
           oil
           marred
           by
           mingling
           ,
           which
           being
           kept
           alone
           by
           it self
           would
           be
           ever
           fragrant
           ?
           even
           so
           fareth
           it
           likewise
           in
           meats
           ,
           for
           any
           one
           meat
           of
           an
           indifferent
           constitution
           will
           be
           easily
           concocted
           ,
           when
           many
           strive
           so
           one
           with
           another
           ,
           whether
           of
           them
           shall
           go
           out
           formost
           into
           the
           guts
           ,
           that
           one
           stayeth
           too
           long
           and
           is
           corrupted
           ,
           whilst
           the
           other
           is
           not
           half
           changed
           .
        
         
           And
           tell
           me
           Philo
           ;
           why
           should
           it
           not
           be
           in
           meats
           as
           it
           is
           in
           wines
           ?
           doth
           not
           variety
           of
           wines
           make
           bad
           distribution
           ,
           and
           cause
           drunkenness
           sooner
           then
           if
           we
           kept
           to
           one
           wine
           ?
           no
           doubt
           it
           doth
           ;
           else
           had
           the
           Law
           
             contra
             Allaenias
          
           been
           frivolous
           and
           vaine
           ,
           precisely
           forbidding
           Vintners
           and
           Waiters
           at
           the
           Table
           to
           mixe
           one
           wine
           with
           another
           .
           Musicians
           likewise
           by
           tuning
           all
           their
           instruments
           into
           one
           harmony
           ,
           plainly
           shew
           what
           hurt
           cometh
           by
           inequality
           and
           change
           of
           things
           .
           Socrates
           was
           wont
           to
           say
           (
           whom
           the
           great
           Oracle
           of
           Apollo
           hath
           crowned
           for
           the
           wisest
           Grecian
           )
           that
           variety
           of
           meats
           is
           like
           a
           common
           house
           of
           Courtisans
           ,
           which
           with
           variety
           of
           faces
           ,
           trickings
           and
           dressings
           rather
           empty
           then
           fill
           up
           Venus
           Treasury
           ,
           kindling
           rather
           a
           flame
           to
           consume
           our
           lust
           ,
           then
           giving
           a
           gentle
           heat
           to
           conserve
           our
           lives
           .
           Wherefore
           when
           the
           jars
           of
           crowders
           shall
           be
           thought
           good
           musick
           ,
           and
           mingled
           wines
           allowed
           for
           wholesomness
           ,
           and
           whorish
           allurements
           taken
           for
           preservers
           of
           life
           ;
           then
           will
           I
           also
           confess
           variety
           of
           dishes
           to
           be
           tollerable
           ,
           and
           that
           one
           man
           at
           once
           may
           taste
           and
           feed
           
           safely
           of
           many
           dishes
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           let
           me
           still
           commend
           the
           old
           Romans
           ,
           who
           judged
           as
           ill
           of
           common
           
           Feasters
           ,
           as
           of
           them
           which
           erected
           a
           bawdy-house
           :
           and
           give
           me
           leave
           to
           imitate
           Plato
           ,
           who
           at
           a
           great
           feast
           fed
           on
           nothing
           but
           Olives
           ,
           thinking
           one
           dish
           most
           wholesome
           where
           many
           are
           .
        
         
           
             Other
             Objections
             against
             Variety
             of
             Meats
             .
          
           
             
               Thus
               much
               said
               Philinus
               against
               Philo
               ,
               as
               Plutarch
               writeth
               :
            
             whose
             Arguments
             I
             will
             then
             answer
             in
             order
             ,
             when
             I
             have
             first
             given
             a
             further
             strength
             to
             his
             assertion
             ,
             by
             other
             proofs
             and
             authorities
             that
             himself
             perhaps
             did
             never
             dream
             of
             ,
             namely
             these
             .
          
           
             
             Rogatianus
             a
             noble
             Senator
             of
             Rome
             ,
             having
             spent
             much
             mony
             in
             Physick
             to
             no
             good
             purpose
             ,
             fed
             afterwards
             (
             by
             his
             Friends
             advice
             )
             never
             but
             upon
             one
             dish
             :
             whereby
             he
             was
             quit
             of
             his
             grief
             for
             many
             years
             .
             Epicurus
             also
             placing
             all
             felicity
             in
             health
             and
             pleasure
             ,
             fed
             but
             sparingly
             
             and
             simply
             upon
             one
             dish
             ,
             were
             it
             roots
             ,
             apples
             ,
             peares
             ,
             plums
             or
             puls-pottadge
             (
             for
             he
             never
             eat
             fish
             nor
             flesh
             )
             also
             he
             did
             eate
             but
             one
             kind
             of
             Bread
             ,
             and
             never
             drank
             but
             one
             sort
             of
             drink
             ,
             were
             it
             wine
             or
             water
             .
             Iovinianus
             
             Pontanus
             being
             asked
             ,
             why
             he
             never
             fed
             but
             upon
             one
             dish
             :
             I
             abstaine
             (
             said
             he
             )
             from
             many
             meats
             ,
             that
             many
             ,
             nay
             that
             all
             Physitians
             may
             abstaine
             from
             me
             .
          
           
             A
             Cook
             in
             Lacon
             being
             bidden
             by
             his
             Master
             to
             dress
             
             him
             a
             peece
             of
             flesh
             ;
             he
             asked
             of
             him
             Cheese
             and
             Oile
             to
             make
             the
             sawce
             ;
             to
             whom
             his
             Master
             answered
             :
             away
             fool
             ,
             away
             ;
             if
             I
             had
             either
             Cheese
             or
             Oile
             ,
             what
             needed
             I
             to
             have
             bought
             a
             peece
             of
             flesh
             ?
             whereby
             we
             perceive
             that
             in
             old
             times
             men
             fed
             onely
             upon
             one
             dish
             ,
             thinking
             it
             folly
             to
             kill
             hunger
             with
             many
             meats
             ,
             when
             it
             may
             be
             killed
             with
             one
             .
          
           
             Epaminondas
             also
             being
             invited
             to
             a
             friends
             house
             ,
             
             seeing
             their
             variety
             of
             dishes
             ,
             departed
             with
             these
             flouting
             
             speeches
             :
             
               I
               will
               not
               trouble
               thee
               ,
               for
               I
               see
               thou
               art
               sacrificing
               to
               the
               Gods
               ,
               not
               making
               a
               dinner
               to
               thy
               friend
               .
            
             And
             yet
             the
             tables
             of
             the
             ancient
             Gods
             (
             being
             but
             indeed
             Divels
             )
             had
             no
             great
             variety
             upon
             them
             :
             For
             when
             the
             Athenians
             did
             celebrate
             the
             great
             festivals
             
             of
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             ,
             their
             dishes
             were
             onely
             these
             ,
             
               Cheese
               ,
               Mace
               ,
               Olives
            
             and
             Leeks
             ;
             afterwards
             when
             Solon
             (
             to
             imitate
             Agamemnons
             example
             in
             Homer
             )
             added
             a
             Spice-cake
             ,
             he
             was
             rather
             counted
             a
             giver
             of
             ill
             presidents
             to
             men
             ,
             then
             any
             whit
             the
             more
             bountiful
             to
             the
             
             Gods.
             
          
           
             The
             like
             may
             we
             say
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             offered
             first
             to
             their
             Gods
             no
             flesh
             nor
             fish
             ,
             but
             a
             little
             Orchard
             and
             Garden-fruit
             ;
             and
             of
             the
             Egyptians
             whilst
             the
             
             Mameluks
             ruled
             over
             them
             ;
             and
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             whose
             famous
             quaternal
             Feast
             consisted
             onely
             of
             four
             dishes
             ,
             Dry-figs
             ,
             Ripe-dates
             ,
             green-leeks
             ,
             and
             sour
             milk
             .
             Nay
             to
             come
             nearer
             to
             our
             owne
             selves
             ,
             the
             Scots
             (
             ●our
             fellow-Islanders
             and
             northern-countrymen
             )
             
             beginning
             the
             morning
             with
             a
             slender
             breakfast
             ,
             did
             in
             old
             times
             fast
             till
             Supper
             ,
             feeding
             then
             but
             onely
             of
             one
             dish
             ,
             using
             generally
             so
             temperate
             a
             diet
             ,
             that
             not
             Judges
             and
             Kings
             ,
             but
             Philosophers
             and
             Physitians
             seemed
             to
             have
             given
             them
             precepts
             ;
             what
             need
             I
             remember
             ,
             That
             
               Moschus
               Antimolus
            
             the
             great
             Sophister
             lived
             
             all
             his
             life
             time
             onely
             with
             figs
             ,
             Stilpo
             only
             with
             garlick
             ,
             Saint
             Genovefue
             the
             holy
             maide
             of
             Paris
             five
             and
             thirty
             years
             onely
             with
             Beanes
             ,
             and
             Zoroaster
             (
             that
             silverheaded
             Nestor
             )
             twenty
             years
             in
             the
             wilderness
             onely
             with
             Cheese
             ?
             or
             that
             the
             Kings
             of
             Egypt
             fed
             never
             upon
             
             more
             meats
             ,
             then
             either
             Veal
             or
             Goslings
             ?
             whereby
             we
             may
             understand
             that
             with
             one
             dish
             men
             lived
             a
             long
             and
             healthful
             life
             ,
             and
             that
             variety
             of
             diseases
             sprang
             
             first
             from
             confusion
             and
             variety
             of
             meats
             .
             It
             is
             written
             
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             that
             whilst
             their
             greatest
             feasts
             had
             but
             three
             dishes
             ,
             the
             people
             were
             sound
             ,
             healthful
             and
             sober
             ;
             but
             when
             Augustus
             the
             Emperor
             brought
             in
             three
             more
             ,
             and
             permitted
             the
             Romans
             to
             have
             three
             in
             their
             houses
             ,
             and
             six
             in
             their
             temple-feasts
             ,
             his
             riot
             is
             said
             to
             have
             corrupted
             Rome
             and
             brought
             in
             Physick
             .
             Also
             whilst
             the
             
             Laconians
             had
             little
             dishes
             and
             little
             tables
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             could
             neither
             have
             many
             guests
             ,
             nor
             much
             meat
             at
             their
             board
             ,
             thrift
             ,
             wealth
             and
             health
             embraced
             one
             another
             ;
             afterwards
             all
             went
             to
             ruine
             when
             variety
             of
             dishes
             were
             admitted
             their
             boards
             enlarged
             ,
             and
             after-courses
             induced
             
             by
             the
             Ionians
             .
             The
             people
             of
             Lituania
             were
             very
             frugall
             ,
             laborious
             and
             healthful
             saith
             
               Aeneas
               Sylvius
            
             ,
             
             till
             Switrigalus
             made
             them
             exceed
             by
             his
             owne
             example
             ,
             who
             had
             no
             fewer
             then
             a
             hundred
             and
             thirty
             dishes
             at
             a
             meal
             :
             whereupon
             his
             owne
             life
             ,
             and
             the
             happy
             estate
             of
             his
             subjects
             was
             soon
             shortned
             .
             What
             should
             I
             stand
             upon
             the
             Romans
             riot
             in
             
               Antoninus
               Geta
            
             ,
             
             
               Commodus
               (
               Adrians
            
             Son
             )
             Vitellius
             and
             Heliogabulus
             ,
             
             their
             dominions
             and
             times
             of
             governing
             the
             Empire
             ?
             when
             Dormise
             ,
             timber-worms
             and
             snails
             were
             served
             for
             dainties
             ;
             when
             the
             livers
             of
             great
             fishes
             ,
             the
             brains
             of
             Phesants
             and
             young
             Peacocks
             ,
             the
             kernels
             of
             Lampreys
             (
             brought
             by
             flyboats
             and
             light-horsemen
             out
             of
             Spain
             to
             Rome
             )
             when
             infinite
             numbers
             of
             nightingales
             tongues
             ,
             the
             brawnes
             of
             Kings-fishers
             ,
             Pheasants-Combs
             ,
             Peacocks-Gizards
             ,
             and
             Wrens-livers
             ,
             were
             made
             altogether
             into
             one
             Pie
             :
             when
             finally
             three
             courses
             came
             daily
             to
             Geta
             his
             boord
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             dishes
             at
             each
             course
             as
             there
             be
             letters
             in
             the
             Alphabet
             .
             But
             what
             followed
             ?
             Marry
             infinite
             diseases
             ,
             and
             infinit
             Physitians
             ;
             whereof
             some
             were
             so
             ignorant
             that
             they
             tormented
             the
             people
             worse
             then
             sickness
             ;
             in
             such
             sort
             
             that
             
               Galen
               ,
               Herophilus
               ,
               Erasistratus
            
             ,
             and
             divers
             Greek
             Physicians
             were
             sent
             for
             to
             recover
             them
             ,
             languishing
             and
             consumed
             almost
             with
             fevers
             ,
             whereinto
             through
             excess
             and
             variety
             of
             meats
             they
             were
             justly
             fallen
             .
          
           
             So
             likewise
             fell
             it
             out
             with
             the
             Israelites
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             wilderness
             longed
             first
             for
             the
             fish
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             then
             for
             cucumbers
             ,
             pompions
             ,
             leeks
             ,
             garlick
             and
             onions
             .
             Then
             being
             fed
             with
             Manna
             from
             heaven
             ,
             they
             loathed
             it
             because
             it
             was
             but
             one
             meat
             .
             East
             of
             all
             Quailes
             came
             down
             ,
             yet
             were
             they
             never
             satisfied
             with
             one
             meat
             were
             it
             never
             so
             good
             ,
             coveting
             still
             change
             and
             variety
             were
             it
             never
             so
             bad
             :
             wherein
             both
             they
             and
             we
             shew
             plainly
             from
             what
             root
             we
             are
             first
             sprung
             .
             For
             when
             our
             first
             Parents
             might
             eat
             of
             all
             trees
             and
             fruits
             in
             Paradise
             ,
             yet
             the
             shew
             ,
             lure
             and
             desire
             of
             variety
             made
             them
             touch
             and
             taste
             the
             unbidden
             fruit
             .
             After
             the
             floud
             when
             flesh
             ,
             fish
             and
             fruit
             were
             permitted
             to
             be
             indifferently
             eaten
             ,
             and
             blood
             and
             fat
             onely
             forbidden
             yet
             we
             gather
             up
             the
             blood
             and
             fat
             of
             beasts
             to
             make
             us
             puddings
             ,
             and
             abstain
             not
             (
             for
             recovery
             of
             consumptions
             )
             to
             suck
             the
             hot
             leaping
             and
             vital
             blood
             out
             of
             one
             anothers
             veins
             .
             Neither
             are
             we
             contented
             to
             feed
             (
             as
             wise
             men
             should
             do
             )
             upon
             wholesome
             meats
             ,
             but
             we
             mingle
             with
             them
             venison
             of
             wild
             bears
             ,
             the
             flesh
             of
             scabby
             Cuckoes
             ,
             the
             spawne
             of
             Whales
             ,
             Sturgians
             and
             Tunnies
             ,
             and
             other
             very
             loathsom
             things
             ,
             onely
             for
             varieties
             sake
             and
             delight
             of
             change
             .
             Licinius
             though
             he
             fed
             upon
             many
             dishes
             ,
             yet
             he
             must
             end
             his
             meals
             with
             a
             Lamprey-pye
             .
             Lucius
             never
             supt
             without
             Oisters
             ,
             nor
             Sergius
             without
             a
             Dorry
             :
             whereupon
             they
             were
             justly
             nicked
             by
             these
             names
             ,
             
               Licinius
               Lamprey
               ,
               Sergius
               Dorry
            
             ,
             and
             Lucius
             Oisterman
             .
          
           
             Thus
             im-borne
             impiety
             engraffed
             by
             propagation
             from
             Adam
             and
             Eve
             ,
             hath
             made
             us
             to
             lose
             the
             desire
             of
             unity
             in
             all
             things
             ;
             coveting
             variety
             of
             meats
             ,
             drinks
             
             and
             women
             ,
             yea
             of
             Gods
             and
             religion
             ;
             never
             contented
             with
             what
             is
             given
             for
             our
             good
             ,
             but
             desirous
             of
             that
             which
             we
             snatch
             for
             our
             own
             hurt
             .
          
        
         
           
             An
             apology
             for
             variety
             of
             meats
             ,
             answering
             the
             former
             objections
             .
          
           
             Hitherto
             I
             have
             spoken
             much
             from
             Philinus
             owne
             mouth
             ,
             and
             more
             from
             mine
             own
             in
             his
             behalf
             ,
             to
             oppugne
             the
             variety
             of
             meats
             :
             now
             read
             I
             pray
             you
             with
             the
             like
             patience
             ,
             How
             I
             shall
             defend
             Philo
             against
             Philinus
             ,
             and
             prove
             apparently
             that
             variety
             of
             meats
             is
             both
             at
             board
             ,
             and
             in
             our
             stomachs
             ,
             most
             agreeable
             to
             nature
             ,
             and
             consequently
             beneficial
             to
             maintain
             us
             in
             health
             .
          
           
             First
             therefore
             Philinus
             abused
             our
             ears
             ,
             in
             saying
             that
             all
             beasts
             feed
             onely
             upon
             some
             one
             kind
             of
             meat
             :
             For
             Eupolides
             his
             goats
             ,
             yea
             and
             ours
             to
             ,
             feed
             upon
             time
             ,
             mints
             ,
             hysope
             ,
             heath
             ,
             ivy
             ,
             oken
             buds
             ,
             beech
             ,
             ash
             ,
             mullen
             ,
             chervil
             and
             tamarisk
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             herbs
             differing
             no
             less
             in
             taste
             ,
             smell
             ,
             substance
             ,
             and
             vertue
             one
             from
             another
             .
             What
             Shepheard
             is
             ignorant
             ,
             that
             his
             flock
             feedeth
             upon
             filipendula
             ,
             daisies
             ,
             mouseare
             ,
             cowslaps
             ,
             lambs-tongue
             ,
             milk-wort
             ,
             Saxifrage
             and
             little
             mullen
             ?
             yet
             work
             they
             no
             worse
             effect
             in
             their
             stomachs
             ,
             then
             if
             they
             had
             onely
             been
             fed
             with
             grass
             ;
             what
             should
             I
             speak
             of
             the
             Ostrich
             ,
             which
             devoureth
             iron
             and
             pap
             together
             ,
             and
             refuseth
             no
             meat
             ,
             unless
             men
             had
             also
             an
             Ostriches
             stomach
             ?
             Onely
             let
             him
             serve
             to
             disprove
             Philinus
             avouching
             all
             beasts
             and
             birds
             to
             tye
             themselves
             as
             it
             were
             to
             one
             meat
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             eat
             at
             once
             of
             divers
             nourishments
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             where
             it
             was
             affirmed
             ,
             that
             brute
             beasts
             and
             birds
             out
             live
             men
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             of
             a
             simpler
             diet
             ;
             I
             must
             pardon
             Philinus
             being
             a
             heathen
             ,
             and
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Scriptures
             :
             wherein
             Methusalem
             and
             divers
             Patriarkes
             are
             registred
             to
             have
             lived
             longer
             ,
             then
             any
             beast
             
             or
             bird
             whatsoever
             ,
             called
             fitly
             of
             Homer
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Mortals
             ,
             as
             upon
             whom
             more
             rots
             ,
             murrens
             ,
             aches
             ,
             diseases
             
             and
             plagues
             do
             light
             ,
             then
             usually
             happen
             unto
             men
             .
             Nay
             go
             to
             your
             Raven
             and
             Stag
             ,
             those
             longestlivers
             of
             all
             the
             unreasonable
             breathers
             ;
             feeds
             not
             the
             Raven
             upon
             all
             flesh
             ,
             eats
             not
             the
             Stag
             of
             all
             herbs
             ,
             boughs
             and
             mast
             that
             comes
             in
             his
             way
             ?
             ye
             feedeth
             he
             not
             some
             times
             upon
             Snakes
             and
             Adders
             ?
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             the
             Physitians
             giving
             of
             simple
             meats
             to
             aguish
             persons
             ,
             proveth
             no
             more
             that
             variety
             is
             not
             good
             for
             most
             men
             ,
             then
             that
             because
             Thersites
             can
             hardly
             carry
             his
             single
             speare
             ,
             therefore
             Agamemnon
             shall
             not
             put
             on
             his
             compleat
             armour
             .
          
           
             Fourthly
             ,
             the
             sedition
             and
             tumults
             foolishly
             feared
             ,
             and
             rashly
             presupposed
             to
             be
             in
             meats
             of
             divers
             kinds
             ,
             afflicting
             the
             stomach
             either
             at
             the
             time
             of
             concoction
             or
             digestion
             ,
             that
             reason
             of
             all
             other
             is
             most
             unreasonable
             .
             For
             who
             would
             or
             can
             imagine
             ,
             that
             Man
             the
             Epitome
             or
             Abstract
             of
             the
             whole
             world
             ,
             in
             whom
             something
             of
             every
             thing
             (
             to
             speak
             Platonically
             and
             yet
             truly
             )
             is
             placed
             and
             inserted
             ,
             could
             live
             ever
             ,
             or
             long
             in
             health
             without
             variety
             of
             meats
             ?
             Hippocrates
             seeing
             such
             variety
             of
             simples
             rooted
             ,
             sprouted
             and
             quickned
             upon
             the
             earth
             ,
             gathereth
             thereupon
             very
             truly
             and
             learnedly
             ,
             that
             there
             lye
             hidden
             in
             the
             earth
             all
             kinds
             of
             tastes
             ,
             smells
             ,
             liquors
             ,
             and
             heats
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             is
             not
             (
             as
             some
             imagine
             )
             a
             dry
             and
             cold
             dust
             ,
             void
             of
             all
             tast
             ,
             heat
             and
             moisture
             .
          
           
             Much
             more
             then
             may
             I
             justly
             avouch
             ,
             that
             many
             meats
             may
             and
             do
             best
             agree
             with
             most
             mens
             stomachs
             ,
             in
             whose
             bodies
             not
             onely
             firm
             flesh
             ,
             but
             also
             thin
             blood
             ,
             sweet
             phlegm
             ,
             bitter
             gall
             ,
             and
             sourish
             melancholy
             is
             necessary
             to
             be
             preserved
             :
             wherefore
             let
             hot
             meats
             ,
             cold
             meats
             ,
             moist
             meats
             ,
             dry
             meats
             ,
             bitter
             ,
             meats
             ,
             salt
             
             meats
             ,
             light
             meats
             and
             heavy
             meats
             be
             mingled
             together
             in
             an
             indifferent
             stomach
             (
             so
             that
             they
             be
             well
             prepared
             ,
             orderly
             taken
             ,
             and
             no
             error
             committed
             in
             time
             ,
             measure
             and
             quantity
             )
             no
             sedition
             or
             tumult
             will
             arise
             ,
             no
             not
             so
             much
             as
             if
             the
             stomach
             had
             taken
             but
             one
             meat
             ;
             for
             (
             according
             to
             that
             Oeconomical
             distribution
             of
             Empedocles
             )
          
           
             
               Sweet
               straitwaies
               will
               it self
               to
               sweet
               apply
               ,
            
             
               Sharp
               runs
               to
               sharpe
               ,
               with
               gall
               doth
               bitter
               lye
               ,
            
             
               Hot
               drinks
               and
               meats
               to
               fiery
               parts
               ascend
               ,
            
             
               Whilst
               cold
               and
               moist
               to
               watry
               members
               tend
               .
            
          
           
             An
             no
             marvel
             ,
             considering
             that
             natural
             heat
             (
             like
             a
             good
             Stuard
             )
             dissolveth
             the
             mass
             into
             a
             creamy
             substance
             ,
             running
             thorough
             all
             himself
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             give
             unto
             all
             their
             due
             nourishment
             .
             Wherefore
             sith
             this
             little
             world
             of
             ours
             was
             created
             full
             of
             variety
             ,
             why
             should
             we
             tye
             our
             stomachs
             onely
             to
             fruit
             ,
             fish
             ,
             or
             flesh
             ,
             when
             God
             in
             his
             goodness
             hath
             given
             us
             all
             of
             them
             ?
          
           
             Nay
             furthermore
             ,
             sith
             man
             can
             digest
             more
             sorts
             of
             meats
             ,
             stones
             and
             mettles
             (
             being
             rightly
             prepared
             )
             then
             either
             the
             Goat
             ,
             Raven
             ,
             or
             Ostrich
             ,
             why
             should
             his
             power
             be
             bridled
             by
             any
             unnatural
             Edict
             ,
             proceeding
             rather
             from
             the
             brain
             of
             a
             sensless
             head
             ,
             then
             from
             the
             deep
             and
             mature
             judgment
             of
             any
             Physitian
             ?
             for
             sence
             teacheth
             us
             ,
             that
             most
             compound
             bodies
             must
             feed
             upon
             divers
             meats
             ,
             and
             that
             not
             variety
             but
             satiety
             ,
             not
             quality
             but
             quantity
             ,
             not
             simple
             taking
             ,
             but
             unorderly
             taking
             of
             them
             ,
             (
             out
             of
             time
             ,
             out
             of
             season
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             their
             due
             place
             and
             proportion
             )
             causeth
             that
             dissention
             and
             tumult
             in
             our
             bellies
             ,
             whence
             all
             manner
             of
             dislikings
             or
             discontentments
             
             arise
             ,
             and
             at
             which
             (
             to
             use
             Hippocrates
             his
             words
             )
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               Nature
               is
               
               distracted
               ,
               troubled
               and
               (
               as
               it
               were
               )
               ●gnasheth
               her
               teeth
               .
            
          
           
             As
             for
             that
             Simile
             of
             Diars
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             of
             Sweetoil
             ,
             and
             the
             third
             of
             Musick
             ;
             they
             are
             all
             more
             childish
             ,
             then
             worthy
             of
             an
             answer
             .
          
           
             For
             simple
             colours
             (
             as
             white
             and
             black
             )
             are
             not
             the
             purest
             ,
             for
             then
             the
             skies
             should
             bear
             them
             ;
             yea
             the
             purest
             jewels
             give
             most
             variety
             of
             colours
             and
             lights
             in
             their
             own
             kind
             .
             And
             whereas
             cloth
             died
             with
             some
             one
             simple
             keepeth
             longest
             his
             colour
             in
             Philinus
             opinion
             ,
             it
             is
             little
             material
             if
             it
             were
             true
             ;
             considering
             meat
             is
             not
             given
             to
             dye
             our
             bodies
             ,
             but
             to
             be
             transformed
             into
             our
             substance
             .
          
           
             Again
             ,
             though
             a
             sweet
             oil
             keepeth
             best
             his
             scent
             and
             perfection
             whilst
             it
             is
             unmingled
             ,
             yet
             that
             disproveth
             not
             the
             necessity
             of
             mixtures
             ,
             for
             whose
             sake
             simples
             were
             no
             less
             created
             ,
             then
             Consonants
             and
             Vowels
             appointed
             to
             bring
             forth
             syllables
             :
             wherefore
             I
             laugh
             whilst
             others
             praise
             and
             extol
             ,
             Guevarraes
             folly
             ,
             who
             like
             another
             Erasistratus
             (
             whom
             he
             Apishly
             followeth
             in
             
             many
             points
             )
             complaineth
             of
             compound
             medicins
             ,
             reducing
             all
             kind
             of
             agues
             to
             be
             cured
             with
             a
             plain
             Ptisan
             ,
             a
             thin
             Cucumber
             milke
             ,
             and
             a
             little
             water
             and
             oil
             mingled
             together
             .
             Foolish
             Bishop
             I
             deride
             thy
             ignorance
             ,
             because
             thou
             deservest
             not
             to
             be
             pitied
             deriding
             others
             .
             Go
             to
             the
             little
             Bee
             ,
             thou
             great
             Idiote
             ;
             and
             tell
             me
             if
             thou
             canst
             number
             ,
             out
             of
             how
             many
             flowers
             hony
             is
             made
             .
             Hony
             I
             say
             ,
             the
             sweetest
             meat
             ,
             and
             best
             medicin
             
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             yea
             the
             very
             quintesence
             (
             as
             Isaac
             the
             Netherlander
             writeth
             )
             and
             refined
             marrow
             of
             infinite
             wholsome
             and
             good
             vegitables
             .
             Can
             that
             imperfect
             Creature
             perfectly
             convert
             so
             many
             divers
             juices
             into
             one
             soveraign
             meat
             ,
             and
             may
             not
             man
             (
             the
             perfectest
             creature
             of
             all
             others
             )
             do
             the
             like
             in
             his
             stomach
             ,
             when
             he
             feedeth
             of
             many
             good
             and
             wholesome
             dishes
             ?
             As
             for
             
             Socrates
             his
             comparison
             (
             whom
             Apollo
             himself
             termed
             the
             Prince
             of
             Sages
             )
             I
             answer
             thus
             ,
          
           
             What
             though
             variety
             be
             to
             the
             stomach
             ,
             as
             choise
             of
             fair
             women
             in
             a
             Weak
             mans
             eye
             ,
             causing
             more
             strong
             an
             appetite
             then
             reason
             or
             nature
             would
             ?
             By
             the
             same
             argument
             we
             might
             as
             well
             reprove
             cleanliness
             in
             handling
             ,
             skill
             in
             seasoning
             ,
             and
             handsomness
             or
             neatness
             in
             serving
             in
             our
             meats
             ;
             because
             when
             these
             concur
             we
             feed
             more
             largely
             ;
             which
             if
             it
             be
             a
             fault
             ,
             let
             Philinus
             hereafter
             eat
             bread
             made
             of
             meal
             which
             was
             never
             boulted
             ;
             and
             parsneps
             and
             raddish
             never
             washt
             nor
             scraped
             ;
             let
             him
             eat
             of
             boil'd
             meat
             that
             was
             never
             scum'd
             ,
             and
             of
             
             dry
             ,
             lean
             birds
             (
             such
             as
             Q.
             Curtius
             threw
             out
             at
             the
             window
             )
             never
             basted
             ,
             and
             of
             bitter
             Feldefares
             never
             drawn
             .
          
           
             But
             I
             (
             and
             all
             wise
             men
             with
             me
             )
             will
             consider
             ,
             that
             as
             honesty
             and
             delight
             may
             be
             matcht
             together
             ,
             so
             cleanliness
             and
             variety
             is
             no
             hindrance
             to
             a
             good
             stomach
             or
             good
             digestion
             ,
             but
             rather
             an
             help
             and
             friend
             to
             both
             .
             Nay
             it
             fareth
             with
             our
             stomachs
             as
             it
             doth
             with
             Sailers
             ;
             who
             can
             easily
             pull
             in
             the
             sheet
             when
             they
             have
             too
             much
             wind
             ,
             but
             cannot
             enlarge
             it
             when
             they
             have
             too
             little
             :
             for
             so
             likewise
             it
             is
             a
             small
             labour
             or
             cunning
             to
             kill
             appetite
             by
             onely
             seeing
             and
             feeding
             upon
             one
             dish
             ,
             but
             to
             revive
             it
             being
             extinguished
             ,
             or
             to
             sharpen
             it
             being
             dulled
             ,
             requireth
             no
             little
             art
             ,
             and
             consisteth
             chiefly
             in
             variety
             and
             well
             dressing
             of
             meats
             .
          
           
             Item
             to
             answer
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             the
             law
             
               contra
               Alloenias
            
             ;
             I
             grant
             the
             thing
             ,
             but
             I
             deny
             the
             equity
             :
             for
             what
             greater
             reason
             have
             we
             to
             mingle
             wine
             and
             water
             (
             which
             was
             never
             forbidden
             but
             at
             drunken
             feasts
             )
             then
             to
             mingle
             a
             tart
             wine
             with
             a
             pleasant
             ,
             a
             temperate
             wine
             with
             a
             hot
             Sack
             ,
             and
             a
             scowrer
             (
             when
             occasion
             perswadeth
             )
             with
             Alegant
             or
             a
             harsh
             binder
             ?
             therefore
             to
             return
             
             Philinus
             his
             owne
             Sword
             into
             his
             own
             bosome
             :
             as
             it
             is
             not
             unlawfull
             (
             by
             the
             law
             of
             reason
             and
             nature
             )
             nay
             as
             it
             is
             necessary
             and
             expedient
             to
             mingle
             wines
             for
             some
             persons
             :
             so
             variety
             of
             meats
             taken
             orderly
             at
             one
             meal
             ,
             are
             lawful
             ,
             necessary
             and
             expedient
             .
          
           
             Moreover
             (
             to
             beat
             him
             again
             with
             his
             own
             Similes
             )
             I
             confess
             all
             instruments
             of
             musick
             to
             be
             tuned
             to
             one
             Harmony
             :
             but
             being
             so
             tuned
             ,
             if
             the
             Musicians
             play
             ever
             (
             like
             the
             Cuckoe
             )
             but
             one
             Song
             ,
             will
             not
             the
             ear
             and
             head
             be
             wearied
             and
             offended
             ?
             nay
             will
             they
             not
             in
             time
             be
             both
             sick
             ?
             Can
             the
             eye
             see
             at
             once
             many
             objects
             ,
             the
             ears
             hear
             many
             instruments
             playing
             together
             ,
             &
             
               (
               Philinus
            
             )
             shal
             not
             the
             stomach
             as
             well
             concoct
             ,
             keep
             and
             digest
             for
             the
             body
             many
             meats
             ?
             but
             when
             reason
             faileth
             ,
             thou
             hast
             almost
             daunted
             Philo
             with
             inartificial
             arguments
             ,
             drawn
             from
             antiquity
             ,
             examples
             ,
             customes
             ,
             and
             sanctions
             of
             Senators
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             by
             the
             like
             arguments
             I
             confirm
             Variety
             ,
             I
             doubt
             not
             but
             like
             a
             Scholler
             I
             may
             cry
             quittance
             ▪
             but
             if
             furthermore
             I
             confute
             thy
             Authorities
             ,
             as
             being
             either
             falsified
             or
             unaptly
             applied
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             live
             in
             my
             debt
             till
             the
             next
             Audit.
             
          
           
             Wherefore
             to
             begin
             with
             Rogatianus
             ,
             albeit
             for
             many
             years
             he
             was
             delivered
             of
             the
             gout
             ,
             yet
             Caelius
             avoucheth
             not
             that
             he
             was
             perfectly
             cured
             .
             And
             Epicurus
             though
             he
             fed
             but
             upon
             one
             dish
             at
             a
             meal
             ,
             yet
             perhaps
             at
             every
             meal
             he
             fed
             on
             a
             several
             dish
             .
             Pontanus
             also
             was
             a
             weak
             and
             sickly
             man
             ,
             to
             whom
             I
             confess
             many
             dishes
             (
             especially
             being
             of
             contrary
             kinds
             or
             qualities
             )
             are
             not
             to
             be
             permitted
             .
             Neither
             doth
             the
             Gentlemans
             answer
             in
             Lacon
             prove
             more
             the
             use
             then
             of
             one
             dish
             at
             a
             meal
             ,
             then
             his
             Cooks
             demand
             inferreth
             the
             use
             and
             mingling
             of
             many
             meats
             .
             But
             if
             by
             the
             few
             dishes
             upon
             the
             Alters
             of
             heathen
             Gods
             ,
             thou
             thinkest
             to
             prove
             that
             men
             
             at
             home
             feed
             onely
             upon
             one
             meat
             ,
             thou
             art
             much
             deceived
             ,
             for
             hereafter
             I
             will
             plainly
             demonstrate
             that
             they
             fed
             on
             many
             .
             As
             for
             the
             old
             Scotish
             custome
             ,
             suppose
             it
             were
             true
             ;
             yet
             sure
             I
             am
             ,
             that
             since
             King
             Arthurs
             dayes
             who
             lived
             years
             before
             Christ
             ,
             their
             owne
             
             Chronicler
             recordeth
             them
             to
             have
             used
             great
             variety
             of
             
             dishes
             .
             That
             
               Moschus
               Antimolus
            
             lived
             onely
             with
             figs
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             great
             marvel
             when
             he
             hated
             from
             his
             Cradel
             
             all
             other
             meat
             .
             Stilpo
             also
             fed
             onely
             on
             garlick
             ,
             because
             his
             poverty
             was
             such
             that
             he
             could
             buy
             nothing
             else
             .
             As
             for
             Genovefue
             the
             holy
             made
             of
             Paris
             ;
             albeit
             
             I
             suspect
             Marulus
             for
             a
             common
             lier
             ,
             yet
             he
             saith
             ,
             that
             her
             feeding
             so
             long
             upon
             one
             dish
             consumed
             her
             body
             ,
             and
             that
             upon
             the
             Bishops
             licence
             she
             was
             enforced
             to
             
             eat
             milk
             in
             Lent.
             Zoroaster
             was
             no
             doubt
             a
             most
             learned
             Philosopher
             ,
             who
             if
             he
             lived
             twenty
             years
             in
             the
             Wilderness
             onely
             with
             one
             Cheese
             ,
             no
             doubt
             it
             was
             some
             great
             Cheese
             like
             to
             Parmisan
             ,
             full
             of
             variety
             ,
             and
             not
             made
             of
             one
             but
             many
             milks
             .
             As
             for
             the
             monstrous
             riot
             of
             the
             
               Ionians
               ,
               Lituanians
            
             ,
             and
             latter
             Romans
             ,
             drawn
             from
             the
             example
             and
             imitation
             of
             those
             wicked
             Princes
             and
             Emperours
             :
             I
             detest
             and
             abhor
             it
             as
             much
             as
             Philinus
             ,
             ascribing
             unto
             excessive
             variety
             as
             many
             mischiefs
             of
             body
             and
             mind
             ;
             as
             temperate
             variety
             brings
             profit
             ,
             health
             ,
             refreshings
             and
             pleasures
             to
             them
             
             both
             .
             The
             Jewes
             murmuring
             doth
             as
             little
             please
             me
             ,
             for
             though
             nature
             told
             them
             that
             one
             meat
             could
             not
             conveniently
             nourish
             every
             man
             ,
             especially
             such
             as
             were
             accustomed
             fourty
             years
             together
             in
             Egypt
             to
             feed
             diversty
             ;
             yet
             when
             every
             man
             felt
             that
             one
             meat
             sent
             by
             God
             ,
             did
             miraculously
             preserve
             man
             ,
             woman
             and
             child
             ,
             agreeing
             with
             all
             ages
             ,
             times
             ,
             persons
             and
             complexions
             ,
             they
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             contented
             ;
             being
             as
             perfitly
             
             nourished
             with
             one
             dish
             ,
             as
             any
             of
             us
             can
             be
             with
             many
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             that
             example
             of
             Adam
             and
             Eve
             is
             most
             violently
             wrested
             against
             variety
             ,
             whereas
             rather
             it
             is
             an
             argument
             against
             unity
             :
             for
             suppose
             they
             had
             at
             once
             tasted
             of
             all
             fruits
             in
             the
             garden
             ,
             could
             they
             have
             been
             sick
             upon
             it
             ?
             no
             verily
             ,
             but
             the
             tasting
             of
             one
             alone
             (
             I
             mean
             the
             forbidden
             one
             )
             was
             the
             parent
             and
             author
             of
             all
             diseases
             :
             wherefore
             the
             variety
             of
             wholesome
             meats
             set
             down
             by
             Physitians
             are
             not
             offensive
             ,
             when
             one
             dish
             forbidden
             may
             prove
             dangerous
             :
             as
             I
             could
             prove
             by
             many
             reasons
             ,
             did
             not
             experience
             clear
             it
             with
             her
             sun-shine
             .
          
           
             Now
             to
             answer
             examples
             also
             with
             examples
             ;
             though
             the
             Kings
             of
             Egypt
             had
             no
             great
             variety
             of
             dishes
             ,
             yet
             that
             they
             ever
             fed
             on
             two
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             
               Diodorus
               Siculus
            
             
             reports
             .
             And
             if
             the
             old
             Romans
             fed
             not
             diversly
             ,
             why
             
             had
             they
             usually
             three
             dishes
             at
             their
             table
             ?
             The
             Persians
             though
             they
             had
             but
             few
             meats
             ,
             yet
             they
             abounded
             in
             Salades
             and
             Junckets
             .
             The
             old
             Grecians
             contrariwise
             ,
             used
             much
             meat
             and
             few
             Junckets
             :
             yea
             I
             read
             that
             Plato
             himself
             when
             Socrates
             and
             Menippus
             supped
             
             with
             him
             ,
             had
             six
             several
             dishes
             at
             his
             table
             (
             figs
             ,
             peason
             ,
             beans
             ,
             whortleberries
             ,
             roasted
             beech-nuts
             ,
             and
             wafers
             in
             the
             end
             to
             close
             up
             their
             stomachs
             )
             whereof
             they
             all
             fed
             ,
             saving
             that
             Menippus
             set
             aside
             the
             wafercakes
             with
             his
             hand
             ,
             saying
             ;
             that
             a
             sweet
             aftercourse
             makes
             a
             stinking
             breath
             :
             Another
             time
             I
             read
             ,
             that
             Plato
             set
             before
             his
             loving
             friends
             and
             fellow
             Citizens
             olives
             ,
             herb-salades
             ,
             divers
             kinds
             of
             flesh
             and
             fish
             ,
             and
             last
             of
             all
             new
             Cheese
             ;
             whereby
             any
             wiseman
             may
             gather
             ,
             that
             the
             ancients
             fed
             upon
             many
             dishes
             of
             opposite
             kindes
             ,
             and
             gratified
             their
             stomachs
             (
             which
             every
             mans
             stomach
             coveteth
             )
             with
             variety
             of
             meats
             .
             As
             for
             our
             owne
             Nation
             (
             for
             whom
             chiefly
             I
             write
             this
             Treatise
             )
             
               Hector
               Boethius
            
             avoucheth
             ,
             
             
             that
             English
             men
             from
             before
             King
             Arthurs
             dayes
             ,
             were
             accustomed
             to
             feed
             much
             and
             very
             diversly
             .
             
             And
             
               Paulus
               Iovius
            
             writeth
             thus
             .
             
               The
               whole
               nation
               of
               English
               men
               delight
               still
               (
               as
               ever
               they
               did
               heretofore
               )
               in
               feasting
               and
               making
               of
               good
               chear
               ,
               eating
               much
               meat
               and
               of
               many
               sorts
               ,
               prolonging
               their
               sittings
               with
               musick
               and
               merryments
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               sporting
               themselves
               in
               set
               dances
               .
            
          
           
             Wherefore
             sith
             we
             are
             naturally
             desirous
             of
             many
             meats
             ,
             and
             have
             stomachs
             above
             all
             other
             Nations
             ,
             able
             to
             digest
             them
             ;
             and
             custome
             also
             hath
             confirmed
             our
             variety
             of
             dishes
             (
             which
             cannot
             even
             in
             bad
             things
             be
             suddenly
             altered
             without
             a
             mischiefe
             )
             I
             perswade
             strong
             and
             indifferent
             stomachs
             to
             continue
             their
             used
             Diet
             ,
             feeding
             orderly
             and
             soberly
             of
             divers
             meats
             .
             Divers
             I
             say
             ,
             but
             not
             too
             many
             ;
             for
             I
             like
             not
             
               (
               Dubias
               Coenas
            
             )
             the
             doubtful
             feasts
             of
             Cardinal
             Wolsey
             ,
             nor
             the
             Abbot
             of
             Glastenburies
             Diet
             (
             who
             were
             served
             with
             so
             many
             sorts
             of
             dainties
             that
             one
             might
             stagger
             and
             doubt
             where
             first
             to
             begin
             his
             dinner
             )
             nor
             the
             ancient
             tables
             of
             London
             ;
             where
             (
             as
             Diogenes
             said
             of
             Maronia
             )
             every
             Citizens
             house
             (
             in
             a
             manner
             )
             was
             a
             cooks
             shop
             ,
             till
             plenty
             of
             mouths
             made
             penury
             of
             provision
             ,
             and
             dearth
             of
             Corne
             and
             Victuals
             lately
             taught
             them
             sobriety
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             where
             the
             Proverb
             saith
             ,
             
               That
               many
               dishes
               make
               many
               diseases
            
             ;
             it
             hurteth
             not
             our
             position
             and
             defence
             of
             variety
             :
             for
             not
             diversity
             but
             multitude
             offendeth
             our
             stomachs
             ,
             
               that
               is
               to
               say
            
             ,
             more
             diversity
             of
             meats
             then
             they
             can
             well
             abide
             :
             accordingly
             as
             much
             meat
             hurteth
             not
             concoction
             ,
             but
             that
             which
             is
             overmuch
             taken
             in
             too
             great
             a
             quantity
             ,
             whereof
             we
             are
             now
             to
             discourse
             in
             the
             next
             Chapter
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             variety
             of
             meats
             in
             the
             time
             of
             sickness
             ,
             let
             us
             hear
             what
             Galen
             saith
             .
             Diversity
             of
             meats
             are
             as
             necessary
             
             in
             sicknes
             (
             if
             it
             be
             a
             compound
             sickness
             )
             as
             variety
             of
             medicins
             .
             For
             a
             hot
             liver
             requireth
             a
             cooling
             meat
             ,
             and
             a
             cold
             stomach
             that
             which
             is
             hot
             ;
             and
             if
             a
             mixt
             disease
             have
             made
             a
             mixed
             distemperature
             in
             any
             part
             ,
             there
             divers
             and
             compounds
             meats
             be
             of
             necessity
             required
             .
             Otherwise
             many
             meats
             (
             especially
             of
             contrary
             kind
             ,
             substance
             and
             quality
             )
             are
             most
             hurtful
             and
             tumultuous
             .
             Com.
             in
             1.
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             in
             ac
             .
             cap
             3.
             
             &
             3.
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             in
             ac
             .
             cap.
             35.
             &
             primo
             in
             Eund
             .
             cap.
             18
             whereby
             we
             may
             easily
             perceive
             ,
             that
             variety
             of
             meats
             is
             permitted
             sometimes
             to
             the
             sick
             ,
             yea
             though
             it
             be
             joined
             with
             contrariety
             of
             kinds
             .
          
        
      
       
         
           CHAP.
           XXX
        
         
           Of
           the
           quantity
           of
           Meats
           .
        
         
           THat
           saying
           of
           the
           wiseman
           ,
           
             Eate
             not
             too
             much
             hony
          
           ,
           sheweth
           unto
           us
           ;
           that
           even
           the
           most
           wholesome
           and
           nourishing
           meat
           of
           all
           other
           will
           prove
           dangerous
           and
           hurtful
           to
           our
           health
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           not
           soberly
           and
           measurably
           eaten
           .
           Temperancy
           being
           not
           onely
           the
           carver
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           commander
           at
           our
           tables
           .
        
         
           We
           find
           likewise
           several
           sayings
           recorded
           ;
           as
           ,
           That
           we
           must
           eat
           by
           reason
           and
           not
           by
           appetite
           ;
           That
           straightgirding
           ,
           makes
           little
           eating
           ;
           That
           in
           time
           of
           Famine
           ,
           though
           we
           desire
           most
           ,
           satiety
           is
           most
           perillous
           ;
           That
           in
           rainy
           weather
           little
           meat
           ,
           little
           drink
           ,
           and
           much
           exercise
           within
           doores
           is
           best
           ;
           That
           melancholy
           persons
           eat
           much
           ,
           Cholerick
           drink
           much
           ,
           Phelgmatick
           sleep
           much
           ;
           Great
           Livers
           ,
           great
           Eaters
           ,
           that
           a
           lean
           Woman
           ,
           is
           a
           Tavern
           of
           blood
           ;
           That
           they
           which
           eate
           little
           ,
           are
           
           never
           good
           Travailers
           .
           The
           Spaniard
           eats
           ,
           the
           German
           drinks
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           exceeds
           in
           both
           .
        
         
           
             Temperance
             what
             it
             is
             .
          
           
             But
             would
             you
             know
             what
             Temperancy
             is
             ?
             It
             is
             a
             vertue
             ,
             timely
             ,
             moderately
             and
             comely
             using
             those
             things
             ,
             which
             be
             truely
             necessary
             and
             natural
             .
             For
             some
             things
             be
             both
             necessary
             and
             natural
             without
             which
             we
             cannot
             live
             ,
             as
             Meat
             and
             Drink
             ;
             others
             natural
             but
             not
             necessary
             ,
             without
             use
             of
             which
             many
             of
             us
             may
             live
             ,
             and
             live
             in
             health
             ,
             as
             Venus
             game
             :
             others
             necessary
             but
             not
             natural
             ,
             as
             strong
             exercises
             for
             some
             bodies
             :
             others
             neither
             natural
             nor
             necessary
             ,
             as
             over-curious
             Cookery
             ,
             making
             fine
             meat
             of
             a
             whetstone
             ,
             and
             quelque-choses
             of
             unsavory
             ,
             nay
             of
             bad
             and
             unwholesome
             meat
             .
             There
             be
             two
             vices
             equally
             opposite
             to
             this
             vertue
             ;
             Surfeiting
             ,
             when
             a
             man
             eateth
             more
             then
             either
             his
             stomach
             can
             hold
             or
             his
             strength
             digest
             ;
             and
             Self-pining
             ,
             when
             we
             eate
             less
             then
             our
             nature
             craveth
             and
             is
             able
             to
             overcome
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             of
             them
             (
             namely
             surfeiting
             and
             excess
             )
             though
             it
             be
             a
             vice
             of
             all
             other
             most
             hurtful
             to
             the
             body
             and
             consequently
             noisome
             to
             the
             mind
             ,
             yet
             we
             read
             that
             whole
             nations
             ,
             and
             Emperors
             ,
             and
             Potentates
             have
             both
             esteemed
             ,
             and
             honoured
             and
             rewarded
             it
             for
             a
             vertue
             .
             
             For
             the
             Sicilians
             dedicated
             a
             Temple
             to
             Gluttony
             ;
             and
             Aristophanes
             writeth
             thus
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             
               
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Them
                 onely
                 men
                 Barbarians
                 think
                 ,
              
               
                 That
                 can
                 devoure
                 most
                 meat
                 and
                 drink
                 ▪
              
            
          
           
           
             Of
             this
             crue
             was
             Maximinus
             the
             Emperour
             ,
             who
             (
             like
             our
             old
             Abby
             ▪
             lubbers
             )
             did
             eat
             till
             he
             sweat
             ;
             yea
             
             Sabellicus
             affirmeth
             ,
             that
             his
             one
             dayes
             sweat
             gathered
             up
             in
             goblets
             ,
             did
             amount
             to
             the
             measure
             of
             six
             
               Sextaries
               .
               Claudius
               Caesar
            
             and
             Vitellius
             the
             Emperour
             were
             
             like
             unto
             him
             ,
             eating
             commonly
             so
             much
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             forced
             once
             or
             twice
             in
             a
             meal
             to
             go
             out
             and
             vomit
             ;
             and
             then
             returned
             to
             the
             table
             again
             ,
             giving
             a
             fresh
             charge
             to
             a
             forelorne
             stomach
             .
             And
             though
             Aurelianus
             the
             
             Emperour
             fed
             moderately
             himself
             ,
             yet
             he
             exceedingly
             loved
             and
             honoured
             a
             great
             Gourmand
             ,
             who
             usually
             at
             one
             meal
             did
             eat
             a
             Hogg
             ▪
             two
             Weathers
             ,
             and
             a
             whole
             Brawn
             ,
             drinking
             upon
             it
             a
             whole
             firkin
             of
             wine
             poured
             down
             his
             throate
             thorough
             a
             funnel
             :
             Also
             Firmius
             
             Salencius
             did
             eat
             a
             whole
             Ostrich
             in
             a
             day
             :
             and
             
               Clodius
               Albinus
            
             (
             Commander
             for
             the
             Romans
             in
             France
             )
             is
             registred
             to
             have
             eaten
             at
             one
             sitting
             five
             hundred
             figs
             ,
             one
             hundred
             Peaches
             ,
             ten
             Musk-melons
             ,
             twenty
             pound
             weight
             of
             Raysins
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             one
             hundred
             Snites
             ,
             ten
             Capons
             ,
             and
             a
             hundred
             and
             fifty
             great
             Oisters
             .
          
           
             Neither
             was
             our
             Country
             alwaies
             void
             of
             a
             Woolmar
             ,
             who
             living
             (
             in
             my
             memory
             )
             in
             the
             Court
             ,
             seemed
             like
             another
             Pandareus
             ,
             of
             whom
             
               Antonius
               Liberalis
            
             writeth
             
             thus
             much
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             obtained
             this
             gift
             of
             the
             Goddess
             Ceres
             ;
             to
             eate
             Iron
             ,
             glass
             ,
             Oistershels
             ,
             raw-fish
             ,
             raw-flesh
             ,
             raw-fruit
             (
             and
             whatsoever
             else
             he
             would
             put
             into
             his
             stomach
             )
             without
             offence
             ;
             yea
             as
             
               Monica
               Augustine's
            
             Mother
             was
             given
             to
             excess
             of
             wine
             ,
             so
             himself
             (
             such
             are
             even
             Godly
             mens
             imperfections
             at
             some
             times
             )
             confesseth
             his
             own
             pronness
             and
             inclination
             to
             riot
             ,
             in
             these
             words
             .
             
               O
               Lord
               ,
               thou
               hast
               taught
               me
               to
               use
               meat
               not
               for
               lust
               and
               wantonness
               ,
               but
               for
               life
               and
               health
               .
               Nevertheless
            
             
             
               when
               I
               sit
               down
               for
               refections
               sake
               ,
               the
               snares
               of
               concupiscence
               and
               surfeit
               lie
               in
               my
               way
               like
               crafty
               fowlers
               ,
               
               and
               the
               Maid
               presumeth
               above
               her
               Mistris
               ;
               so
               that
               it
               is
               doubtful
               ,
               whether
               Necessity
               or
               Riot
               be
               commander
               ,
               and
               hardly
               can
               Iresist
               Riots
               desire
               ,
               no
               though
               it
               afterwards
               bringeth
               me
               to
               great
               pain
               .
            
          
           
             And
             no
             marvel
             ,
             Augustine
             ;
             for
             from
             whence
             cometh
             soreness
             and
             weariness
             ,
             heaviness
             of
             spirits
             ,
             dulness
             of
             sences
             ,
             stifness
             and
             pain
             of
             joints
             ,
             unweldiness
             ,
             belchings
             ,
             crudities
             ,
             fevers
             ,
             distastings
             of
             meat
             ,
             loss
             of
             appetite
             ,
             and
             o
             her
             tempestuous
             evils
             ,
             but
             from
             repletion
             ,
             surfeiting
             and
             satiety
             ?
             what
             weakness
             of
             body
             cometh
             by
             excess
             of
             eating
             ;
             we
             need
             no
             more
             examples
             then
             this
             of
             our
             own
             Countrymen
             ,
             which
             Boethius
             noteth
             (
             in
             his
             Scotish
             History
             )
             of
             King
             Arthur
             and
             his
             Knights
             ;
             who
             having
             recovered
             York
             from
             the
             Saxons
             and
             Picts
             in
             spight
             of
             their
             beards
             ,
             kept
             there
             such
             a
             grand
             Christmas
             ,
             that
             afterwards
             fighting
             again
             with
             the
             Saxons
             ,
             his
             Souldiers
             were
             found
             so
             weakned
             with
             surfeiting
             ,
             that
             their
             arrows
             could
             hardly
             peirce
             the
             Saxons
             furr
             d
             dubblets
             ,
             being
             able
             before
             to
             strike
             thorough
             their
             iron
             armour
             .
             What
             Scholer
             hath
             not
             read
             of
             Herodotus
             ,
             the
             minstril
             of
             Megara
             (
             whose
             girdle
             in
             the
             wast
             was
             three
             yards
             and
             a
             half
             long
             )
             or
             of
             Milo
             Crotoniates
             that
             
             great
             Pamphagus
             ?
             yet
             they
             died
             both
             very
             weak
             men
             and
             young
             ,
             by
             oppressing
             strong
             nature
             with
             too
             heavy
             burdens
             .
             I
             he
             Stoicks
             imputed
             all
             diseases
             to
             age
             ,
             but
             Erasistratus
             
             did
             not
             ill
             to
             ascribe
             ,
             either
             all
             or
             most
             of
             them
             to
             excess
             :
             for
             if
             a
             man
             feed
             too
             much
             ,
             three
             principal
             
             discommodities
             arise
             thereof
             .
             First
             ,
             all
             natural
             spirits
             leave
             their
             several
             standings
             ,
             and
             run
             headlong
             to
             the
             stomach
             to
             perfit
             concoction
             ;
             which
             if
             with
             all
             their
             forces
             they
             cannot
             perform
             ,
             then
             brain
             and
             body
             are
             over-mastered
             with
             heavy
             vapours
             and
             humours
             ;
             but
             suppose
             they
             perform
             it
             ,
             what
             followeth
             but
             foggy
             fat
             insteed
             of
             flesh
             ;
             or
             a
             the
             least
             ,
             such
             abundance
             of
             both
             ,
             that
             no
             soveraignty
             
             nor
             ability
             is
             left
             for
             the
             actions
             of
             the
             mind
             ?
             which
             (
             as
             Menander
             well
             noteth
             in
             one
             of
             his
             Comedies
             .
             )
             
               
                 Desireth
                 not
                 to
                 play
                 with
                 Swine
                 ,
              
               
                 Nor
                 dwells
                 in
                 hogsheads
                 full
                 of
                 wine
                 .
              
            
          
           
             For
             Heracletus
             was
             of
             a
             right
             opinion
             ,
             that
             the
             wisest
             soul
             dwelleth
             in
             the
             emptie
             body
             ;
             which
             we
             may
             partly
             illustrate
             by
             these
             examples
             .
             The
             moist
             eye
             seeth
             worst
             ;
             the
             fullest
             vessel
             soundeth
             least
             ,
             and
             the
             Sun
             hardly
             shineth
             thorough
             a
             clowdy
             aire
             :
             Even
             so
             in
             a
             full
             and
             troubled
             body
             ,
             overpeised
             with
             variety
             and
             plenty
             of
             meats
             ,
             the
             eye
             of
             our
             mind
             must
             needs
             be
             darkned
             ,
             the
             voice
             of
             reason
             cannot
             be
             heard
             ,
             and
             the
             Sun-shine
             of
             understanding
             cannot
             shine
             into
             our
             hearts
             ,
             being
             destitute
             of
             will
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             of
             ability
             to
             execute
             any
             thing
             that
             is
             good
             :
             Nay
             through
             surfeiting
             we
             live
             groveling
             and
             groping
             after
             base
             delights
             ,
             as
             Hoggs
             do
             for
             Acornes
             ,
             being
             disabled
             so
             much
             as
             to
             think
             a
             good
             thought
             .
          
           
             Hippocrates
             and
             Galen
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             bodys
             of
             ordinary
             great
             feeders
             stand
             upon
             a
             dangerous
             point
             ,
             or
             as
             you
             would
             say
             upon
             the
             Raysors
             edge
             ;
             for
             if
             they
             feed
             moderately
             ,
             alteration
             of
             custome
             hazards
             their
             health
             :
             if
             they
             persist
             in
             excess
             ,
             they
             are
             suddenly
             strangled
             with
             Apoplexies
             ,
             as
             Caelius
             hath
             well
             noted
             .
             
          
           
             To
             prevent
             all
             which
             sicknesses
             both
             of
             body
             and
             mind
             ,
             oh
             what
             severe
             and
             good
             laws
             were
             there
             made
             by
             
             
               Fannius
               Didius
               ,
               Licinius
               Crassus
               ,
               Cornelius
               Sylla
               ,
               Lepidus
               ,
            
             and
             
               Antius
               Restio
            
             against
             Riot
             ?
             yet
             the
             concord
             of
             vices
             so
             prevailed
             ,
             that
             lust
             continued
             excess
             ,
             excess
             brought
             forth
             unruliness
             ,
             unruliness
             contempt
             of
             Government
             ,
             whence
             came
             fatal
             destruction
             to
             the
             Roman
             Monarchy
             .
          
           
           
             
             The
             Scots
             punished
             their
             belly-gods
             in
             this
             sort
             ;
             first
             they
             filled
             their
             bellies
             as
             full
             of
             good
             meat
             as
             ever
             they
             could
             hold
             ,
             then
             they
             gagged
             them
             ,
             and
             threw
             them
             into
             the
             next
             river
             with
             their
             arms
             piniond
             ,
             saying
             ;
             
               Now
               as
               thou
               hast
               eaten
               too
               much
               ,
               so
               drink
               too
               much
               .
            
          
           
             Plutarch
             remembreth
             ,
             that
             (
             by
             the
             Athenians
             law
             )
             whosoever
             did
             flay
             a
             living
             beast
             ,
             he
             should
             be
             hang'd
             as
             a
             Felon
             ,
             because
             they
             would
             not
             have
             a
             beast
             tormented
             ;
             which
             punishment
             if
             it
             were
             just
             (
             as
             it
             seemed
             just
             in
             Xenocrates
             opinion
             )
             then
             what
             pains
             ought
             they
             to
             endure
             ,
             who
             by
             surfeiting
             not
             onely
             torture
             ,
             but
             also
             most
             unnaturally
             seek
             to
             kill
             themselves
             ,
             making
             their
             graves
             with
             their
             own
             teeth
             ,
             flaying
             and
             unskinning
             themselves
             as
             it
             were
             of
             reasons
             robe
             ,
             yea
             ensouling
             their
             bodies
             (
             being
             dedicated
             Temples
             to
             the
             holy
             Ghost
             )
             as
             much
             as
             in
             them
             lieth
             with
             the
             form
             of
             swine
             ?
          
           
             The
             second
             vice
             (
             namely
             Self-pining
             )
             is
             as
             far
             from
             Temperancy
             on
             the
             right
             hand
             ,
             as
             surfeiting
             erreth
             on
             the
             left
             .
             SoZomenus
             maketh
             mention
             of
             a
             Munck
             in
             Caelosyria
             ,
             
             called
             Battheus
             ,
             fasting
             voluntarily
             so
             long
             ,
             till
             his
             teeth
             were
             full
             of
             worms
             .
             And
             in
             the
             Legendary
             ,
             S.
             Francis
             ,
             S.
             Bennet
             ,
             S.
             Rainulph
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             men
             ,
             maids
             and
             women
             are
             highly
             extolled
             for
             consuming
             their
             bodies
             with
             excessive
             abstinence
             ;
             which
             being
             a
             thing
             against
             nature
             and
             Godliness
             (
             which
             forbiddeth
             us
             to
             scourge
             or
             mark
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             to
             consume
             our
             bodies
             )
             it
             shall
             need
             no
             confutation
             at
             all
             ,
             especially
             in
             this
             gluttonous
             age
             ,
             wherein
             we
             are
             so
             far
             from
             any
             such
             fasting
             ,
             that
             we
             wholly
             delight
             in
             Riot
             and
             Feasting
             .
             Onely
             let
             me
             say
             thus
             much
             out
             of
             Hippocrates
             ,
             that
             a
             very
             thin
             and
             precise
             Diet
             is
             not
             to
             be
             prescribed
             to
             any
             one
             of
             indifferent
             health
             and
             strength
             ;
             no
             scarce
             to
             any
             (
             except
             their
             disease
             be
             exceeding
             sharp
             )
             which
             are
             very
             weak
             .
             For
             the
             prescribing
             of
             meat
             by
             drams
             or
             ownces
             ,
             driveth
             
             many
             fears
             into
             a
             weak
             mans
             mind
             ,
             taketh
             al
             alacrity
             from
             the
             heart
             ,
             maketh
             ▪
             a
             man
             jealous
             of
             his
             owne
             fingers
             ,
             daring
             to
             eat
             nothing
             with
             chearfulness
             ,
             because
             he
             ever
             suspecteth
             that
             he
             eateth
             too
             much
             .
             Hence
             came
             that
             
             golden
             Aphorism
             (
             though
             not
             registred
             in
             his
             Aphorisms
             )
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             !
             
               
                 An
                 over-yeelding
                 lengthneth
                 the
                 grief
                 ,
              
               
                 But
                 timely
                 permission
                 maketh
                 it
                 brief
                 .
              
            
          
           
             As
             for
             Temperancy
             (
             which
             I
             can
             never
             enough
             reverence
             or
             commend
             )
             would
             to
             God
             it
             were
             as
             well
             practised
             of
             every
             particular
             man
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             necessarily
             required
             to
             be
             in
             Physitians
             .
             First
             that
             by
             long
             life
             they
             may
             (
             with
             Galen
             and
             Hippocrates
             )
             get
             perfection
             in
             that
             art
             which
             they
             profess
             :
             whereas
             now
             many
             Physicians
             are
             buried
             under
             a
             Doctors
             name
             ,
             before
             they
             ever
             tasted
             of
             Hygea
             her
             cup
             ,
             or
             saluted
             Panacea
             a
             far
             off
             .
             Secondly
             if
             they
             by
             surfeiting
             or
             fasting
             hurt
             their
             owne
             bodies
             ;
             how
             shall
             their
             doctrine
             be
             followed
             by
             their
             Patient
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             broken
             and
             crossed
             by
             themselves
             ?
          
           
             
             The
             rude
             Persians
             are
             recorded
             to
             have
             ever
             fed
             so
             temperately
             ,
             that
             to
             spit
             or
             blow
             their
             nose
             ,
             was
             both
             execrable
             and
             punishable
             amongst
             them
             .
             Likewise
             they
             (
             as
             also
             the
             Romans
             )
             permitted
             any
             man
             to
             give
             him
             that
             yawned
             a
             blow
             on
             the
             ear
             ;
             because
             spiting
             and
             sniveling
             and
             yawning
             ,
             are
             only
             the
             fruits
             of
             fulness
             or
             idleness
             :
             Much
             more
             should
             learned
             Physitians
             moderate
             themselves
             ,
             who
             give
             laws
             to
             others
             ,
             and
             not
             rashly
             run
             into
             that
             excess
             ,
             which
             even
             the
             savage
             Scythian
             and
             Persians
             ever
             abhorred
             .
          
           
             
             It
             is
             also
             recorded
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Women
             ,
             that
             a
             certain
             girdle
             is
             kept
             of
             some
             two
             foot
             long
             in
             every
             Town
             ,
             which
             if
             any
             womans
             belly
             exceeds
             in
             compass
             (
             unless
             
             it
             be
             by
             child-going
             )
             they
             are
             counted
             detestable
             and
             infamous
             :
             Let
             it
             be
             therefore
             a
             greater
             shame
             for
             us
             Physitians
             ,
             by
             ill
             example
             to
             purchase
             our
             owne
             discredit
             ,
             and
             also
             to
             lessen
             our
             skill
             ,
             and
             shorten
             our
             lives
             
             as
             much
             as
             lieth
             in
             our
             owne
             power
             :
             for
             Theophrastus
             falsly
             accused
             nature
             ,
             in
             that
             she
             gave
             long
             life
             to
             Ravens
             and
             Crows
             (
             whom
             it
             little
             profited
             )
             and
             but
             a
             short
             time
             to
             men
             ,
             and
             the
             shortèst
             of
             all
             to
             Students
             ,
             whom
             reason
             would
             have
             to
             live
             long
             for
             the
             mutual
             benefit
             one
             of
             another
             ,
             and
             the
             publick
             good
             of
             the
             Common-weal
             .
             More
             justly
             he
             might
             have
             accused
             men
             and
             Students
             themselves
             ,
             for
             abridging
             their
             natural
             dayes
             by
             surfeiting
             and
             drunkenness
             ,
             chambring
             and
             wantonness
             ,
             excess
             and
             riot
             ;
             considering
             that
             nature
             ever
             most
             preserveth
             and
             tendereth
             the
             most
             worthy
             creature
             ,
             did
             it
             not
             destroy
             and
             ruinate
             it self
             .
          
           
             Timotheus
             having
             supped
             with
             Plato
             ,
             and
             eaten
             (
             contrary
             to
             his
             custome
             )
             very
             moderately
             ,
             slept
             very
             quiely
             that
             night
             ,
             finding
             neither
             cholick
             to
             awake
             him
             ,
             nor
             belchings
             in
             the
             morning
             to
             annoy
             him
             ;
             wherefore
             assoon
             as
             he
             awaked
             ,
             he
             brake
             forth
             into
             this
             exclamation
             ,
             with
             a
             loude
             voice
             :
             How
             sweet
             ,
             how
             sweet
             are
             Platoes
             
             Suppers
             ,
             which
             makes
             us
             in
             the
             night
             time
             to
             sleep
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             morning
             to
             breathe
             so
             sweetly
             !
             Yea
             but
             (
             some
             will
             say
             )
             how
             shall
             we
             know
             when
             we
             have
             eaten
             enough
             ?
             At
             whom
             Democritus
             would
             have
             laughed
             a
             month
             together
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             have
             returned
             them
             this
             answer
             ;
             Fools
             and
             Idiotes
             that
             you
             are
             ,
             know
             you
             when
             your
             Horse
             and
             your
             Hawke
             and
             your
             Dog
             hath
             enough
             ,
             and
             are
             you
             ignorant
             what
             measure
             to
             allow
             your selves
             ?
             who
             will
             urge
             his
             Horse
             to
             eat
             too
             much
             ,
             or
             cram
             his
             Hawke
             till
             she
             be
             over
             gorged
             ,
             or
             feed
             his
             Hound
             till
             his
             tail
             leave
             waving
             ?
             and
             shall
             (
             man
             the
             measurer
             of
             Heaven
             and
             Earth
             )
             be
             ignorant
             how
             in
             Diet
             to
             measure
             the
             bigness
             
             signes
             or
             strength
             of
             his
             own
             stomach
             ?
             knows
             he
             by
             signes
             when
             they
             are
             over
             filled
             ;
             and
             is
             he
             ignorant
             of
             the
             signes
             of
             repletion
             in
             himself
             ?
             namely
             of
             satiety
             ,
             loathing
             ,
             drowsiness
             ,
             stiffness
             ,
             weakness
             ,
             weariness
             ,
             heaviness
             and
             belching
             ?
             Doth
             not
             every
             man
             know
             ,
             that
             Enough
             consisteth
             not
             in
             filling
             the
             paunch
             ,
             but
             in
             takeing
             sufficient
             to
             maintain
             nature
             ,
             which
             no
             doubt
             is
             satisfied
             
             with
             a
             little
             ,
             as
             Solon
             said
             at
             the
             wisemens
             feast
             ,
             
               Summum
               ,
               imo
               divinum
               bonum
               est
               nullo
               vesci
               alimento
               ;
               proximum
               vero
               &
               naturale
               quod
               a
               minimo
               .
               It
               is
               (
               said
            
             Solon
             )
             
               the
               greatest
               ,
               yea
               the
               divinest
               good
               thing
               of
               all
               other
               ,
               to
               eat
               no
               meat
               :
               and
               the
               next
               unto
               that
               and
               most
               natural
               is
               ,
               to
               feed
               as
               sparingly
               as
               may
               be
               .
            
          
           
             But
             can
             you
             not
             prescribe
             one
             certain
             measure
             or
             quantity
             fit
             for
             all
             men
             ?
             no
             verily
             ,
             for
             to
             prescribe
             to
             all
             men
             (
             or
             to
             one
             man
             at
             all
             times
             )
             one
             certain
             quantity
             of
             meat
             ,
             were
             to
             make
             a
             coat
             for
             the
             Moon
             ;
             which
             if
             either
             Jupiter
             her
             Father
             ,
             or
             Latona
             her
             Mother
             could
             have
             done
             ,
             they
             would
             long
             ere
             this
             with
             some
             robe
             or
             other
             have
             covered
             her
             inconstant
             body
             ,
             encreasing
             or
             decreasing
             every
             moment
             .
             And
             verily
             Hippocrates
             
             hath
             truly
             written
             .
             
               The
               quantity
               of
               meats
               ought
               not
               to
               be
               appointed
               by
               weight
               ,
               number
               nor
               measure
               ;
               but
               by
               sence
               and
               ability
               of
               our
               stomachs
               :
               for
               some
               cannot
               digest
               much
               ,
               others
               are
               offended
               at
               a
               little
               ;
               others
               are
               not
               satisfied
               till
               their
               maw
               be
               filled
               ,
               others
               have
               too
               much
               when
               it
               is
               half
               filled
               .
            
          
           
             It
             were
             strange
             to
             recite
             ,
             what
             great
             store
             of
             meat
             some
             have
             eaten
             and
             others
             daily
             ,
             do
             eat
             without
             offence
             ;
             Aristotle
             in
             his
             Politicks
             ,
             calleth
             the
             Fencers
             and
             Wrastlers
             Diet
             of
             his
             time
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               a
               necessary
               Gourmandise
            
             ;
             because
             through
             abundance
             of
             exercise
             (
             which
             consumeth
             spirits
             and
             humours
             )
             they
             were
             enforced
             to
             
             
             eat
             both
             much
             and
             often
             .
             Nay
             
               Cornelius
               Gemma
            
             affirmeth
             ,
             that
             he
             saw
             whilst
             he
             lived
             an
             aged
             woman
             ,
             which
             from
             her
             infancy
             fed
             in
             excessive
             measure
             ,
             eating
             something
             continually
             every
             hour
             ,
             besides
             her
             ordinary
             meals
             of
             breakfast
             ,
             dinner
             and
             supper
             ,
             which
             were
             of
             an
             incredible
             quantity
             :
             In
             the
             end
             dying
             with
             abundance
             of
             fat
             and
             flesh
             (
             for
             the
             caul
             of
             her
             belly
             weighed
             twenty
             pounds
             )
             they
             perceived
             all
             this
             to
             come
             from
             a
             peculiar
             and
             special
             temperature
             ,
             called
             of
             the
             Grecians
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             :
             for
             her
             liver
             was
             greater
             and
             heavier
             then
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             her
             bowels
             laid
             together
             ;
             exceeding
             red
             ,
             and
             swelling
             with
             store
             of
             blood
             and
             wind
             .
             Surius
             and
             Bruyrinus
             ,
             
             and
             Schengkius
             tell
             of
             many
             others
             ,
             who
             lived
             long
             in
             health
             though
             they
             fed
             excessively
             ,
             having
             as
             it
             were
             an
             Ostriches
             stomach
             joined
             with
             a
             Dogs
             appetite
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             contrary
             side
             ,
             some
             may
             as
             well
             live
             with
             hunger
             and
             long
             abstinence
             a
             great
             while
             ,
             according
             as
             I
             have
             
             read
             in
             many
             Authors
             .
             Hippocrates
             thinketh
             ,
             that
             if
             a
             man
             abstain
             from
             meat
             and
             drink
             seven
             dayes
             ,
             he
             cannot
             escape
             death
             ;
             yea
             when
             some
             afterwards
             were
             perswaded
             to
             eat
             ,
             their
             meat
             never
             passed
             thorough
             them
             ,
             because
             the
             hungry
             gut
             (
             called
             
               jejanum
               intestinum
            
             )
             was
             
             by
             abstinence
             clung
             together
             .
             But
             Pliny
             saw
             the
             contrary
             ,
             and
             Tinous
             Aunt
             lived
             two
             months
             together
             without
             meat
             or
             drink
             .
             
               Albertus
               ,
               Alexander
               Benedictus
            
             ,
             and
             
               Iacobus
               Sylvius
            
             ,
             write
             yet
             of
             more
             strange
             and
             incredible
             abstinence
             both
             of
             men
             and
             women
             ;
             which
             truely
             I
             would
             have
             registred
             amongst
             the
             lies
             of
             the
             golden
             Legend
             ,
             
             and
             the
             Abbot
             of
             Ursberg
             his
             Chronicles
             ,
             had
             not
             
               William
               Rondeletius
            
             and
             honest
             Ioubertus
             written
             the
             like
             of
             a
             French
             gentlewoman
             ,
             living
             almost
             three
             years
             without
             any
             sustenance
             of
             meat
             ,
             bread
             ,
             broth
             or
             drink
             ;
             who
             afterwards
             was
             married
             and
             conceived
             a
             child
             ,
             which
             she
             brougth
             well
             forth
             and
             happily
             alive
             :
             By
             all
             which
             
             amples
             we
             may
             easily
             gather
             ,
             how
             absurd
             the
             fashion
             and
             custome
             was
             before
             Plutarchs
             time
             :
             when
             every
             man
             did
             
             not
             carve
             for
             himself
             ,
             but
             was
             carved
             unto
             by
             another
             ;
             and
             that
             (
             after
             the
             Colledge
             fashion
             )
             so
             equally
             ,
             that
             none
             had
             more
             or
             less
             then
             his
             fellows
             :
             which
             order
             howsoever
             it
             pleased
             Hagias
             the
             Sophister
             ,
             because
             feasts
             in
             Greek
             are
             called
             Divisions
             ,
             and
             the
             Masters
             of
             feasts
             Great
             Dividers
             ,
             and
             Servants
             Carvers
             ,
             and
             Moera
             and
             Lachesis
             (
             being
             the
             Goddesses
             of
             feastings
             )
             were
             called
             so
             of
             equality
             of
             division
             ;
             and
             that
             peace
             is
             maintained
             where
             equality
             is
             kept
             ,
             and
             that
             Agamemnons
             Souldiers
             (
             as
             Homer
             testifieth
             in
             sundry
             places
             )
             had
             every
             one
             alike
             measure
             and
             weight
             of
             victuals
             :
             yet
             (
             by
             his
             leave
             )
             neither
             is
             humanity
             therein
             observed
             ,
             nor
             geometrical
             proportion
             kept
             ,
             nor
             nature
             imitated
             .
             For
             tell
             me
             ,
             what
             humanity
             can
             we
             call
             it
             ,
             to
             give
             a
             man
             less
             then
             his
             stomach
             wanteth
             ?
             what
             geometrical
             proportion
             is
             that
             ,
             which
             giveth
             as
             much
             to
             the
             half-full
             ,
             as
             the
             empty
             vessel
             ?
             and
             how
             dare
             we
             prescribe
             one
             quantity
             to
             all
             ,
             when
             mens
             stomachs
             be
             as
             divers
             in
             quantity
             of
             receit
             and
             ability
             of
             concoction
             ,
             as
             their
             faces
             be
             differing
             in
             appearance
             ?
             so
             that
             it
             is
             too
             little
             for
             one
             which
             is
             too
             much
             for
             another
             ,
             and
             no
             certain
             measure
             ,
             nor
             number
             ,
             nor
             weight
             is
             to
             be
             prescribed
             to
             any
             man
             :
             but
             every
             one
             to
             feed
             according
             as
             his
             stomach
             is
             able
             to
             concoct
             ;
             which
             (
             to
             use
             Hippocrates
             his
             phrase
             )
             though
             it
             have
             
             no
             ears
             ,
             yet
             hath
             it
             intelligence
             to
             beg
             his
             own
             ,
             and
             wisdome
             to
             discern
             when
             it
             hath
             enough
             ;
             willing
             us
             not
             to
             eat
             till
             we
             have
             an
             appetite
             ,
             nor
             to
             eat
             so
             long
             till
             we
             have
             none
             .
             This
             rule
             Galen
             observing
             (
             amongst
             many
             other
             )
             he
             was
             seldome
             sick
             ,
             and
             lived
             (
             as
             Sipontinus
             writeth
             )
             140
             years
             .
          
           
             Also
             let
             us
             remember
             ,
             that
             in
             youth
             ,
             health
             and
             winter
             we
             may
             feed
             more
             plentifully
             ,
             as
             also
             after
             exercise
             
             and
             at
             our
             own
             own
             ordinary
             table
             :
             But
             when
             we
             are
             at
             great
             feasts
             ,
             or
             forced
             to
             eat
             upon
             strange
             meats
             (
             be
             they
             never
             so
             finely
             dressed
             )
             let
             jealousy
             be
             our
             carver
             ,
             
             after
             the
             example
             of
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             and
             also
             of
             Plato
             :
             who
             at
             great
             feasts
             fed
             onely
             on
             some
             known
             dish
             .
             I
             have
             read
             somewhere
             ,
             when
             they
             of
             Thasis
             invited
             Alexander
             to
             a
             feast
             ,
             that
             he
             fed
             well
             upon
             their
             fat
             mutton
             &
             beife
             ,
             and
             gave
             away
             the
             forced
             dishes
             and
             curious
             Quelqchoses
             not
             to
             his
             own
             Countrimen
             and
             Souldiers
             ,
             but
             to
             his
             captives
             and
             slaves
             :
             saying
             ,
             That
             he
             would
             rather
             they
             were
             all
             dead
             ,
             then
             that
             any
             of
             his
             owne
             by
             surfeiting
             upon
             any
             unknown
             meat
             should
             be
             never
             so
             little
             sick
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             the
             just
             quantity
             of
             meats
             ;
             which
             Physitians
             may
             aim
             at
             by
             long
             experience
             ,
             prescribing
             a
             full
             Diet
             to
             them
             that
             be
             sound
             and
             strong
             ,
             and
             accustomed
             to
             much
             feeding
             ,
             a
             moderate
             diet
             to
             them
             that
             be
             indifferent
             ,
             and
             a
             thin
             diet
             to
             such
             weaklings
             and
             sick
             persons
             as
             require
             neither
             much
             nor
             often
             feeding
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXXII
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           quality
           of
           Meats
           .
        
         
           
           HIppocrates
           and
           Galen
           bids
           every
           man
           both
           in
           health
           and
           sickness
           ,
           beware
           what
           kind
           of
           meat
           he
           most
           commonly
           useth
           ;
           for
           like
           food
           like
           flesh
           ,
           like
           meat
           like
           nourishment
           .
        
         
           [
           And
           therefore
           we
           find
           that
           some
           have
           Quails
           stomachs
           ,
           and
           may
           eat
           poyson
           :
           A
           Woman
           by
           custome
           drank
           the
           juice
           of
           Hemlocks
           usually
           .
           Gal.
           lib.
           3.
           simpl
           .
           medic
           .
           cap.
           18.
           
           And
           a
           Maid
           fed
           usually
           (
           by
           custome
           )
           upon
           Napellus
           Spiders
           ,
           and
           other
           poysons
           ,
           Caelius
           lib.
           A.
           L.
           11.
           cap.
           18.
           
           Mithridates
           the
           younger
           used
           continually
           a
           counterpoyson
           made
           of
           poysons
           ,
           in
           so
           much
           that
           when
           he
           would
           have
           poysoned
           himself
           (
           being
           by
           his
           son
           Pharnaces
           vilany
           betrayed
           to
           Lucullus
           )
           he
           could
           not
           do
           it
           ,
           and
           therefore
           killed
           himself
           by
           the
           help
           of
           a
           Frenchman
           ,
           Plin.
           lib.
           23.
           cap.
           9.
           ]
        
         
           
           All
           which
           cautions
           are
           particularly
           set
           down
           by
           Hippocrates
           and
           Galen
           ,
           though
           scatteringly
           and
           by
           peices
           in
           several
           places
           ▪
           that
           I
           need
           not
           add
           to
           his
           own
           words
           ;
           which
           I
           have
           aphoristically
           set
           down
           in
           these
           sentences
           following
           ,
           because
           no
           man
           ever
           did
           the
           like
           .
        
         
           
           1.
           
           Let
           every
           man
           take
           heed
           ,
           what
           quality
           his
           meat
           is
           of
           ;
           for
           custome
           begetteth
           another
           nature
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           constitution
           of
           body
           may
           be
           changed
           by
           Diet.
           
        
         
           2.
           
           We
           should
           take
           those
           kinds
           of
           meats
           which
           are
           best
           for
           our
           own
           particular
           bodys
           ,
           for
           our
           own
           particular
           age
           ,
           temperature
           ,
           distemperature
           &
           complexion
           .
           For
           as
           every
           particular
           member
           of
           the
           body
           is
           nourished
           with
           a
           several
           
           juice
           :
           so
           labourers
           and
           idle
           persons
           ,
           children
           and
           striplings
           ,
           old
           men
           and
           yound
           men
           ,
           cold
           and
           hot
           bodies
           ,
           phlegmatick
           and
           cholerick
           complexions
           must
           have
           divers
           Diets
           .
        
         
           
           3.
           
           Young
           ,
           hot
           ,
           strong
           and
           labouring
           mens
           stomachs
           may
           feed
           of
           meats
           ,
           giving
           both
           an
           hard
           and
           a
           gross
           juice
           ,
           (
           as
           beife
           ,
           bacon
           ,
           poudred-flesh
           and
           fish
           ,
           hard
           cheese
           ,
           rye-bread
           and
           hard
           egs
           ,
           &c.
           )
           which
           may
           nourish
           slowly
           ,
           and
           be
           concocted
           by
           degrees
           ;
           for
           if
           they
           should
           eat
           things
           of
           light
           nourishment
           (
           as
           veal
           ,
           lamb
           ,
           capons
           ,
           chickens
           ,
           poacht-egs
           ,
           partridges
           ,
           pheasants
           or
           plovers
           ,
           &c.
           )
           either
           their
           meat
           would
           be
           too
           soon
           digested
           ,
           or
           else
           wholy
           
           converted
           into
           choler
           .
           Contrariwise
           milk
           is
           fittest
           for
           young
           children
           ,
           tender
           flesh
           for
           them
           that
           are
           growing
           ,
           and
           liquid
           meats
           for
           such
           as
           be
           sick
           of
           sharpe
           diseases
           .
        
         
           Furthermore
           if
           any
           mans
           bowels
           or
           body
           be
           too
           dry
           ,
           a
           moist
           diet
           of
           suppings
           ,
           and
           boild
           meats
           yeelds
           him
           a
           remedy
           ,
           but
           if
           it
           be
           too
           moist
           ,
           all
           his
           meats
           and
           diet
           must
           tend
           to
           driness
           .
        
         
           
           4.
           
           Sweet
           meats
           are
           unfit
           for
           young
           children
           and
           young
           men
           ,
           and
           hot
           .
           stomachs
           ;
           for
           they
           corrupt
           childrens
           teeth
           ,
           and
           turn
           most
           into
           choler
           in
           young
           mens
           stomachs
           ,
           but
           they
           are
           good
           for
           old
           men
           and
           cold
           complexions
           ;
           yea
           hony
           it self
           agreeth
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           
           5
           Bitter
           meats
           engender
           choler
           and
           burn
           blood
           ,
           giving
           no
           general
           nourishment
           to
           the
           whole
           ,
           howsoever
           they
           be
           acceptable
           to
           some
           one
           part
           .
        
         
           
           6.
           
           Sharp
           spices
           
             (
             which
             I
             have
             particularly
             named
             before
             in
             the
             fifth
             Chapter
             of
             this
             Book
             )
          
           are
           most
           unfit
           for
           tender
           bodies
           ,
           whose
           substance
           is
           easily
           melted
           and
           enflamed
           ,
           howsoever
           strong
           men
           may
           eat
           them
           with
           gross
           meats
           .
        
         
           
           7.
           
           Soure
           meats
           and
           sharp
           together
           (
           as
           limons
           ,
           orenges
           ,
           citrons
           and
           vinegar
           )
           offend
           cold
           stomachs
           and
           sinewy
           
           parts
           :
           but
           if
           they
           be
           cold
           and
           astringent
           (
           as
           sorrel
           ,
           quinces
           ,
           cervisses
           and
           medlers
           )
           they
           are
           not
           so
           offensive
           ,
           nay
           they
           are
           profitable
           to
           all
           stomachs
           being
           eaten
           last
           ,
           unless
           the
           body
           be
           subject
           to
           fluxes
           .
        
         
           
           8.
           
           Meats
           oversalted
           how
           dangerous
           they
           are
           ,
           inflamations
           ,
           leprosies
           ,
           sharpness
           of
           urine
           ,
           and
           great
           obstructions
           hapning
           to
           such
           as
           use
           them
           much
           ,
           do
           sufficiently
           declare
           ,
           agreeing
           with
           none
           but
           strong
           bodies
           ;
           as
           Sailers
           ,
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           husbandmen
           ,
           accustomed
           to
           
           hard
           labour
           and
           much
           toiling
           .
        
         
           
           9.
           
           Fatty
           meats
           are
           not
           good
           but
           for
           cold
           and
           dry
           stomachs
           ;
           for
           in
           sanguine
           and
           cholerick
           stomacks
           they
           
           are
           soon
           corrupted
           ,
           in
           phlegmatick
           stomacks
           they
           procure
           loosness
           and
           hinder
           retention
           :
           
             Only
             they
             are
             fit
             for
             men
             naturally
             melancholick
             ,
             giving
             to
             them
             a
             kindly
             warmth
             ,
             and
             also
             a
             most
             convenient
             and
             proper
             moisture
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             10.
             
             All
             meats
             should
             be
             given
             very
             hot
             to
             cold
             and
             raw
             stomachs
             ;
             but
             cold
             meats
             to
             cold
             stomachs
             are
             very
             hurtful
             .
          
           Pityllus
           had
           so
           cold
           a
           stomach
           (
           saith
           Suidas
           )
           that
           he
           made
           a
           sheath
           for
           his
           tongue
           ,
           to
           swallow
           down
           his
           pottage
           scalding
           hot
           :
           and
           Eunapius
           reporteth
           the
           like
           of
           Proaeresius
           the
           Sophister
           ;
           yea
           I
           my self
           have
           known
           a
           Shropshire
           gentleman
           of
           the
           like
           quality
           .
        
         
           
           11.
           
           When
           any
           man
           is
           sick
           or
           distempered
           ,
           let
           his
           meats
           be
           of
           contrary
           quallity
           to
           his
           disease
           :
           for
           health
           it self
           is
           but
           a
           kind
           of
           temper
           gotten
           and
           preserved
           by
           a
           convenient
           mixture
           of
           contrarieties
           .
        
         
           
             Now
             in
             what
             degree
             most
             particular
             meats
             be
             hot
             ,
             cold
             and
             dry
             or
             moist
             ,
             is
             sufficiently
             declared
             above
             in
             the
             fifth
             Chapter
             ,
             where
             I
             have
             largely
             set
             down
             the
             differencies
             of
             meat
             both
             in
             kind
             ,
             substance
             ,
             temperature
             and
             tast
             ,
             whereunto
             I
             refer
             you
             .
          
        
         
           12.
           
           Above
           all
           things
           take
           heed
           that
           you
           eat
           not
           
           through
           hunger
           of
           a
           meat
           ,
           which
           either
           naturally
           or
           accidentally
           
           you
           loath
           ;
           for
           as
           the
           pleasing
           meat
           is
           best
           concocted
           (
           yea
           though
           it
           be
           somewhat
           of
           the
           worst
           kind
           )
           so
           meats
           loathed
           ,
           turn
           into
           wind
           ,
           belchings
           ,
           vomitings
           and
           cruel
           gripings
           ,
           because
           the
           stoamch
           doth
           not
           affect
           
           them
           .
           But
           what
           meat
           is
           fittest
           ,
           and
           most
           agreeable
           to
           every
           mans
           tast
           ,
           humour
           and
           nature
           ;
           rather
           proper
           experience
           doth
           teach
           us
           ,
           then
           any
           mans
           judgement
           can
           direct
           us
           .
        
         
           13
           Let
           a
           strong
           and
           good
           stomach
           tast
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           
           but
           not
           feed
           upon
           them
           as
           nourishments
           ;
           yea
           ,
           it
           is
           good
           in
           health
           to
           tast
           every
           thing
           ,
           least
           we
           refuse
           that
           in
           sickness
           which
           perhaps
           we
           shall
           have
           most
           cause
           to
           feed
           on
           :
           
           
             as
             it
             hapned
             to
             Titus
             the
             Emperour
             ,
             whose
             over-nice
             feeding
             and
             bathing
             hastned
             his
             death
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           CHAP.
           XXXI
           .
        
         
           Of
           the
           Time
           ,
           Order
           and
           Manner
           of
           Eating
           .
        
         
           
           AThenaeus
           in
           his
           Feast
           of
           Sages
           saith
           ,
           that
           the
           old
           Grecians
           lived
           very
           temperately
           ;
           but
           yet
           he
           saith
           that
           usually
           they
           made
           three
           meals
           a
           day
           ,
           one
           early
           in
           the
           morning
           ,
           another
           at
           noon
           ,
           and
           the
           third
           at
           night
           .
           The
           first
           was
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           nothing
           but
           a
           sop
           of
           bread
           soked
           in
           a
           little
           wine
           .
           The
           second
           was
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           made
           of
           home-bread
           things
           ,
           which
           are
           thought
           to
           give
           the
           best
           and
           strongest
           nourishment
           .
        
         
           The
           last
           was
           called
           by
           two
           names
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           signifying
           a
           late
           eating
           ,
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           because
           it
           required
           care
           and
           cost
           .
           In
           Plutarchs
           time
           Breakfast
           was
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           because
           they
           did
           only
           tast
           and
           go
           .
           Dinner
           was
           termed
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           as
           being
           a
           noon-meal
           .
           Supper
           was
           called
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           for
           that
           it
           was
           not
           private
           (
           as
           Breakfast
           and
           Dinner
           )
           but
           either
           common
           amongst
           neighbours
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           with
           all
           their
           own
           household
           .
           How
           Beavers
           called
           procaenia
           ,
           and
           sleepdrinks
           called
           prohypnia
           and
           metacaenia
           came
           up
           ,
           none
           have
           yet
           thoroughly
           determined
           ,
           though
           here
           amongst
           labourers
           ,
           and
           in
           Germany
           amongst
           gentlemen
           they
           are
           ordinarily
           put
           in
           practise
           .
        
         
           Breakfasts
           are
           fit
           for
           all
           men
           in
           stinking
           houses
           or
           close
           Cities
           ,
           as
           also
           in
           the
           time
           of
           pestilence
           ,
           and
           before
           you
           visit
           the
           sick
           ;
           for
           empty
           veins
           draw
           deepest
           ,
           and
           what
           they
           first
           receive
           (
           be
           it
           good
           or
           bad
           )
           with
           that
           they
           clense
           or
           infect
           the
           blood
           .
           Contrariwise
           where
           the
           air
           is
           pure
           clear
           and
           wholesome
           ,
           it
           is
           best
           to
           fast
           till
           dinner
           ,
           unless
           you
           be
           either
           of
           growing
           years
           or
           of
           a
           cholerick
           stomach
           ,
           for
           then
           you
           must
           not
           in
           any
           case
           be
           long
           fasting
           .
        
         
           Dinners
           and
           Suppers
           are
           generally
           necessary
           and
           convenient
           
           for
           all
           ages
           ,
           times
           of
           the
           year
           ,
           and
           all
           complexions
           ;
           especially
           in
           these
           northern
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           where
           inward
           heat
           being
           multiplyed
           by
           outward
           coldness
           ,
           our
           radical
           moisture
           would
           be
           soon
           consumed
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           not
           restored
           by
           a
           double
           meal
           at
           the
           least
           .
        
         
           
             Whether
             Dinner
             or
             Supper
             should
             be
             largest
             .
          
           
             Now
             whether
             at
             Dinner
             or
             Supper
             we
             may
             feed
             more
             plentifully
             ,
             is
             a
             great
             question
             amongst
             Physitians
             ;
             either
             because
             they
             affirm
             too
             generally
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             or
             because
             they
             were
             ignorant
             of
             distinctions
             :
             
             Some
             are
             just
             of
             
               Leonard
               Fuchsius
            
             his
             opinion
             ,
             that
             our
             Supper
             should
             be
             the
             larger
             of
             both
             ,
             for
             these
             reasons
             .
             First
             ,
             because
             as
             we
             may
             eat
             more
             in
             Winter
             then
             in
             Sommer
             ,
             our
             inwards
             being
             then
             hottest
             ,
             through
             repercussion
             of
             heat
             by
             external
             coldness
             ;
             so
             the
             night
             
             resembling
             winter
             (
             as
             Hippocrates
             noteth
             )
             no
             reason
             but
             that
             then
             we
             should
             feed
             most
             .
             Secondly
             we
             may
             then
             feed
             more
             largely
             because
             sleep
             ensueth
             ,
             with
             whom
             blood
             ,
             heat
             and
             spirits
             return
             more
             inward
             to
             the
             belly
             ,
             
             bowels
             ,
             stomach
             and
             all
             parts
             of
             concoction
             ,
             then
             when
             by
             light
             exercise
             or
             musing
             they
             are
             distracted
             upward
             ,
             downeward
             ,
             and
             outward
             to
             other
             parts
             .
          
           
             
             Again
             ,
             
               look
               what
               exercise
               is
               to
               the
               joints
               and
               muscles
               ,
               that
               is
               sleep
               to
               the
               bowels
               :
            
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             look
             how
             labor
             and
             exercise
             doth
             warm
             the
             one
             ,
             so
             doth
             sleep
             and
             quietness
             
             warm
             the
             other
             .
             Galen
             likewise
             writeth
             thus
             ;
             whilst
             a
             man
             sleepeth
             all
             motive
             and
             sensible
             faculties
             seem
             to
             be
             idle
             ;
             but
             natural
             powers
             are
             then
             most
             active
             ,
             concocting
             meat
             not
             onely
             better
             in
             the
             stomach
             and
             guts
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             the
             veins
             and
             whole
             habit
             of
             the
             body
             .
             
             
               Paulus
               Aegineta
            
             is
             of
             the
             same
             judgement
             ,
             writing
             thus
             .
             Sleep
             is
             a
             ceasing
             or
             rest
             of
             animal
             faculties
             ,
             proceeding
             from
             the
             moistning
             of
             our
             brain
             with
             a
             sweet
             and
             profitable
             humour
             ;
             which
             whosoever
             taketh
             in
             due
             order
             
             quantity
             and
             time
             ,
             he
             receiveth
             thereby
             many
             singular
             commodities
             ;
             namely
             good
             concoction
             of
             meat
             ,
             and
             digestion
             of
             humours
             ,
             and
             ability
             to
             labour
             easily
             and
             chearfully
             after
             digestion
             :
             where
             he
             addeth
             this
             reason
             of
             better
             concoction
             in
             sleep
             out
             of
             Hippocrates
             .
             
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             &c.
             He
             that
             is
             broad
             waking
             is
             hottest
             outwardly
             ,
             but
             he
             that
             soundly
             sleepeth
             is
             hottest
             inw
             ardly
             .
          
           
             Now
             if
             any
             shall
             object
             ,
             that
             no
             sleep
             can
             be
             wholesome
             or
             sound
             after
             supper
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             taken
             upon
             a
             full
             gorge
             .
             I
             answer
             him
             thus
             ,
             Physitians
             write
             not
             to
             idiotes
             and
             fools
             ,
             but
             to
             men
             of
             sence
             and
             reason
             ;
             whom
             common
             sence
             may
             teach
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             not
             (
             like
             swine
             and
             beasts
             )
             first
             to
             fill
             their
             bellies
             ,
             and
             then
             presently
             to
             sleep
             upon
             it
             ,
             but
             to
             sit
             or
             walk
             easily
             after
             supper
             for
             an
             ▪
             hour
             or
             more
             ;
             to
             settle
             their
             meat
             to
             the
             bottome
             of
             their
             stomach
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             prove
             less
             vaporous
             to
             the
             head
             ,
             and
             be
             sooner
             concocted
             lying
             nearer
             the
             liver
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             when
             I
             said
             ,
             that
             we
             should
             feed
             more
             largely
             at
             Supper
             then
             at
             Dinner
             ,
             I
             meant
             nothing
             less
             then
             to
             counsel
             men
             to
             gorg
             themselves
             up
             to
             the
             top
             of
             their
             gullet
             ;
             but
             to
             advise
             them
             of
             both
             their
             meals
             to
             make
             Supper
             the
             larger
             ,
             for
             the
             reasons
             alledged
             ,
             and
             for
             infinite
             reasons
             besides
             which
             I
             could
             set
             down
             .
          
        
         
           
             For
             whom
             large
             ,
             or
             sparing
             Suppers
             be
             most
             convenient
             .
          
           
             Nevertheless
             I
             do
             not
             so
             generally
             set
             this
             down
             ,
             as
             that
             it
             is
             best
             for
             all
             persons
             ,
             but
             for
             them
             onely
             which
             be
             sound
             and
             in
             health
             :
             for
             if
             any
             be
             troubled
             with
             great
             headache
             ,
             or
             rhumes
             ,
             or
             nightly
             torments
             of
             any
             part
             ,
             their
             Supper
             ought
             to
             be
             very
             little
             ,
             slender
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             also
             to
             be
             taken
             very
             timely
             in
             the
             evening
             ;
             that
             nature
             being
             freed
             all
             night
             time
             of
             other
             offices
             ,
             may
             only
             attend
             concoction
             of
             the
             diseases
             cause
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             I
             except
             also
             them
             which
             have
             long
             been
             
             accustomed
             to
             small
             Suppers
             and
             long
             Dinners
             ;
             because
             
             the
             imitation
             of
             a
             long
             custome
             (
             though
             it
             be
             evill
             )
             breedeth
             no
             common
             or
             petty
             danger
             .
             
               Laurence
               Ioubert
            
             
             in
             his
             eigth
             Paradox
             written
             to
             Camusius
             the
             King
             of
             France
             his
             Secretary
             ,
             wonderfully
             striveth
             to
             oppugne
             this
             opinion
             ;
             but
             profitting
             no
             more
             with
             his
             head
             and
             hands
             ,
             then
             the
             mouse
             in
             the
             tar-barrel
             doth
             with
             her
             feet
             ;
             for
             when
             he
             hath
             done
             all
             that
             he
             can
             ,
             he
             onely
             proveth
             that
             better
             digestion
             is
             in
             the
             day
             time
             ,
             and
             not
             better
             concoction
             ,
             as
             hereafter
             (
             upon
             some
             other
             occasion
             )
             I
             will
             plainly
             demonstrate
             to
             the
             learned
             .
          
        
         
           
             How
             often
             a
             man
             should
             feed
             in
             a
             day
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             I
             would
             not
             in
             like
             manner
             have
             any
             man
             think
             ,
             that
             I
             prescribe
             two
             or
             three
             meals
             ,
             and
             neither
             more
             nor
             less
             to
             all
             persons
             :
             for
             Children
             may
             feed
             much
             and
             often
             ;
             old
             men
             little
             and
             often
             :
             where
             
             by
             the
             way
             note
             this
             out
             of
             Plutarch
             ,
             that
             old
             age
             is
             not
             ever
             to
             be
             stinted
             by
             years
             ,
             but
             by
             decay
             and
             loss
             of
             natural
             strength
             .
          
           
             For
             in
             some
             Nothern
             Countries
             (
             and
             he
             nameth
             ours
             )
             few
             men
             are
             old
             at
             half
             a
             hundred
             years
             ,
             when
             the
             Ethiopians
             and
             Southern
             people
             are
             old
             at
             thirty
             .
             They
             are
             long
             young
             and
             lusty
             ,
             because
             much
             feeding
             restoreth
             decay
             of
             moisture
             ,
             and
             outward
             coldness
             preventeth
             the
             loss
             of
             in-borne
             heat
             .
             These
             contrariwise
             are
             soon
             old
             ,
             because
             outward
             heat
             draweth
             out
             their
             inward
             moisture
             ,
             which
             should
             be
             the
             maintainer
             and
             food
             of
             their
             heat
             natural
             .
          
           
             Also
             I
             permit
             unto
             true
             labourers
             and
             workmen
             to
             feed
             often
             (
             yea
             four
             or
             five
             times
             a
             day
             if
             their
             work
             be
             ground-work
             or
             very
             toilsome
             )
             because
             continual
             spending
             of
             humours
             and
             spirits
             ,
             challenge
             an
             often
             restoring
             of
             the
             like
             by
             meat
             and
             drink
             .
          
           
             Finally
             whosoever
             by
             some
             natural
             and
             peculiar
             temperature
             ,
             
             or
             else
             upon
             any
             sickness
             ,
             is
             enforced
             to
             eat
             often
             ;
             it
             were
             against
             art
             ,
             reason
             and
             nature
             to
             number
             and
             stint
             his
             meals
             .
             
               Claudius
               Caesar
            
             had
             so
             gnawing
             a
             stomach
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             eat
             at
             all
             hours
             ,
             And
             
               Aulus
               Vitellius
            
             ,
             
             (
             even
             at
             his
             Gods
             service
             and
             sacrifice
             )
             could
             hardly
             refrain
             from
             snatching
             the
             meal
             and
             oil
             out
             of
             the
             Priests
             hand
             :
             yea
             he
             baited
             at
             every
             Village
             as
             he
             rid
             upon
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             swépt
             clean
             the
             Amery
             in
             every
             Inn.
             Contrariwise
             some
             either
             by
             nature
             or
             custome
             eat
             but
             once
             a
             day
             ,
             others
             onely
             twice
             ,
             and
             some
             thrice
             :
             as
             you
             may
             read
             in
             
               Benevenius
               ,
               Ferdinandus
               Mena
            
             and
             Bartholomaeus
             
             Anulus
             ;
             and
             as
             I
             my self
             can
             also
             witness
             by
             divers
             of
             our
             own
             Countrymen
             ,
             if
             I
             purposed
             or
             thought
             it
             needfull
             to
             produce
             their
             names
             .
             The
             like
             may
             I
             say
             of
             set
             hours
             ,
             to
             dine
             or
             sup
             in
             ;
             for
             albeit
             I
             could
             ever
             wish
             and
             think
             it
             generally
             wholesomest
             ,
             to
             dine
             before
             the
             highest
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             and
             to
             sup
             7.
             or
             8.
             hours
             after
             dinner
             ;
             yet
             if
             any
             be
             accustomed
             with
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             to
             
             eat
             onely
             then
             and
             as
             often
             as
             he
             is
             hungry
             I
             forbid
             him
             not
             to
             discontinue
             his
             own
             course
             ,
             albeit
             I
             rather
             impute
             it
             to
             a
             foolish
             use
             ,
             then
             to
             any
             inward
             prescript
             or
             motion
             of
             nature
             .
             Caelius
             therefore
             not
             unwittily
             termeth
             
             Courtiers
             by
             the
             name
             of
             Antipodes
             ;
             for
             as
             it
             is
             day
             with
             them
             when
             it
             is
             night
             with
             us
             ,
             so
             Courtiers
             and
             Princes
             eat
             when
             all
             others
             sleep
             ;
             and
             again
             (
             perverting
             the
             order
             of
             nature
             ,
             and
             setting
             as
             it
             were
             the
             Sun
             to
             School
             )
             sleep
             out
             the
             sweetest
             part
             of
             the
             day
             ,
             wherein
             others
             eat
             and
             work
             .
          
           
             
             
               Concerning
               the
               manner
               of
               eating
            
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             alike
             in
             all
             Countries
             .
             The
             Jews
             ,
             Grecians
             and
             old
             Romans
             did
             eat
             lying
             and
             declining
             to
             their
             right
             sight
             .
             Onely
             the
             Illyrians
             sat
             boult
             upright
             as
             we
             do
             now
             ,
             with
             a
             woman
             placed
             (
             after
             the
             new
             Hans
             fashion
             )
             betwixt
             every
             man.
             Masinissa
             did
             most
             commonly
             eat
             and
             walk
             ,
             yet
             somtime
             
             
             
             he
             did
             also
             eat
             standing
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             leaning
             after
             the
             Roman
             guise
             ,
             but
             he
             never
             sat
             at
             his
             meat
             :
             because
             he
             thought
             eating
             to
             be
             one
             of
             the
             slightest
             services
             to
             be
             don
             of
             men
             ,
             upon
             which
             they
             should
             neither
             stand
             ,
             lye
             nor
             sit
             long
             .
             For
             mine
             own
             part
             ,
             I
             prescribe
             no
             other
             manner
             of
             eating
             ,
             then
             we
             have
             recieved
             and
             kept
             by
             long
             tradition
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             that
             declining
             towards
             the
             right
             side
             was
             the
             best
             manner
             of
             position
             in
             feeding
             ,
             
             the
             example
             of
             Christ
             and
             his
             Apostles
             do
             sufficiently
             prove
             ,
             who
             (
             when
             they
             had
             choice
             of
             rites
             and
             manners
             )
             observed
             ever
             that
             which
             was
             most
             wholesome
             ,
             seemly
             and
             natural
             .
          
           
             Now
             how
             long
             we
             should
             sit
             at
             Dinner
             and
             Supper
             ,
             though
             it
             be
             not
             set
             down
             precisely
             by
             Physitians
             ,
             yet
             generally
             we
             may
             forbid
             too
             long
             or
             too
             short
             a
             time
             .
             Switrigalus
             Duke
             of
             Lituania
             never
             sat
             fewer
             then
             six
             hours
             at
             Dinner
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             at
             Supper
             :
             from
             whom
             I
             think
             the
             custome
             of
             long
             sitting
             was
             derived
             to
             Denmark
             ;
             for
             there
             I
             remember
             I
             sat
             with
             Frederic
             King
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             and
             that
             most
             honorable
             Peregine
             Lord
             Willoughby
             of
             Eresby
             (
             when
             he
             carried
             the
             Order
             of
             the
             Garter
             )
             7.
             or
             8.
             hours
             together
             at
             one
             meal
             .
             Others
             feed
             quickly
             and
             rise
             speedily
             ;
             but
             neither
             of
             those
             courses
             be
             allowable
             :
             for
             as
             too
             long
             sitting
             causeth
             dulness
             of
             spirits
             ,
             and
             hindereth
             the
             full
             descent
             of
             meat
             to
             the
             depth
             of
             our
             stomachs
             ;
             so
             too
             speedy
             rising
             causeth
             an
             overhasty
             setling
             ,
             and
             maketh
             it
             also
             to
             pass
             out
             before
             it
             be
             well
             concocted
             .
          
           
             To
             conclude
             ,
             mince
             or
             chaw
             your
             meat
             finely
             ,
             eat
             leisurely
             ,
             swallow
             advisedly
             ,
             and
             sit
             upright
             with
             your
             body
             for
             an
             hours
             space
             or
             less
             ;
             for
             longer
             sitting
             is
             not
             requisite
             for
             the
             body
             (
             howsoever
             some
             affect
             it
             )
             nay
             it
             is
             rather
             hurtful
             unless
             it
             be
             confirmed
             by
             long
             custome
             ,
             or
             made
             more
             tollerable
             by
             reason
             of
             some
             pastime
             ,
             
             game
             ,
             or
             discourse
             to
             refresh
             the
             mind
             .
             But
             of
             all
             
             long
             sitters
             at
             the
             table
             ,
             farewel
             
               Hugutia
               Fagiolanus
            
             ,
             who
             (
             as
             Petrarch
             reporteth
             )
             lost
             both
             the
             City
             of
             Pisa
             and
             Lukes
             at
             one
             Dinner
             ,
             because
             he
             would
             not
             arise
             (
             though
             a
             true
             Alarm
             was
             given
             )
             to
             repel
             the
             enemy
             ,
             till
             his
             dinner
             were
             fully
             ended
             ,
             which
             usually
             was
             protracted
             two
             or
             three
             hours
             .
          
           
             Last
             of
             all
             ,
             
               Concerning
               the
               order
               of
               taking
               of
               Meats
               ,
            
             The
             first
             course
             in
             old
             times
             was
             called
             
               frigida
               mensa
            
             ,
             the
             cold
             service
             ;
             because
             nothing
             but
             Oisters
             ,
             Lettice
             ,
             Spinache
             ,
             cold
             salades
             ,
             cold
             water
             and
             cold
             sawces
             were
             then
             set
             on
             the
             table
             ;
             which
             order
             was
             clean
             altered
             in
             Plutarchs
             time
             ,
             for
             they
             began
             their
             meals
             with
             wine
             ,
             
             hot
             pottage
             ,
             black
             or
             peppered
             broth
             ,
             and
             hot
             meat
             ,
             ending
             them
             with
             Lettice
             and
             Purcelane
             (
             as
             Galen
             did
             )
             to
             suppress
             vapours
             and
             procure
             sleep
             ;
             which
             example
             is
             diligently
             to
             be
             followed
             of
             cold
             stomachs
             ,
             as
             the
             other
             is
             to
             be
             imitated
             of
             them
             which
             are
             over
             hot
             .
          
           
             Likewise
             that
             the
             most
             nourishing
             meat
             is
             first
             to
             be
             eaten
             ,
             that
             ancient
             Proverb
             ratifieth
             
               Ab
               ovo
               ad
               mala
            
             ;
             
             from
             the
             eg
             to
             the
             Apples
             ;
             wherefore
             I
             utterly
             mislike
             our
             English
             custome
             ,
             where
             Pheasant
             ,
             Partridge
             and
             Plover
             are
             last
             served
             ,
             and
             meats
             of
             hard
             concoction
             and
             less
             good
             nourishment
             sent
             before
             them
             .
             As
             for
             fruit
             (
             if
             it
             be
             not
             astringent
             ,
             as
             tart
             apples
             ,
             pears
             ,
             soure-plums
             ,
             quinces
             ,
             medlers
             ,
             cervises
             ,
             cornels
             ,
             wardens
             ,
             sour
             pomgranates
             ,
             and
             all
             meats
             made
             of
             them
             )
             it
             should
             be
             eaten
             last
             .
          
           
             Contrariwise
             all
             sweet
             and
             moist
             ▪
             fruit
             (
             as
             ripe
             melons
             ,
             gourds
             ,
             cucumbers
             ,
             pompions
             ,
             old
             and
             sweet
             apples
             ,
             sweet
             pomgranates
             ,
             sweet
             orenges
             )
             and
             all
             things
             either
             fatty
             ,
             light
             ,
             liquid
             and
             thin
             of
             substance
             ,
             and
             easie
             of
             concoction
             ,
             should
             be
             first
             eaten
             ,
             unless
             we
             be
             subject
             to
             great
             fluxes
             of
             the
             belly
             ,
             or
             cholerick
             dispositions
             of
             stomach
             ,
             
             and
             then
             the
             contrary
             course
             is
             most
             warrantable
             .
             For
             if
             slippery
             and
             light
             meats
             went
             formost
             into
             hot
             stomachs
             ,
             they
             would
             either
             be
             burnt
             before
             the
             grosser
             were
             concocted
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             cause
             all
             to
             slip
             downwards
             over-soon
             ,
             by
             making
             the
             lower
             mouth
             of
             the
             stomach
             too
             too
             slippery
             .
             And
             verily
             I
             think
             that
             this
             is
             the
             best
             reason
             ,
             wherewithall
             to
             maintain
             our
             English
             custome
             ,
             in
             eating
             biefe
             and
             mutton
             formost
             before
             foul
             and
             fish
             ;
             unless
             the
             reason
             drawn
             from
             use
             and
             custome
             may
             seem
             more
             forcible
             ▪
          
           
             Finally
             let
             me
             add
             one
             thing
             more
             ,
             and
             then
             an
             end
             of
             this
             treatise
             ;
             namely
             that
             if
             our
             breakfast
             be
             of
             liquid
             and
             supping
             meats
             ,
             our
             dinner
             moist
             and
             of
             boiled
             meats
             ,
             and
             our
             supper
             chiefly
             of
             roasted
             meats
             ,
             a
             very
             good
             order
             is
             observed
             therein
             ,
             agreeable
             both
             to
             art
             and
             the
             natures
             of
             most
             men
             .
          
           
             FINIS
             .
          
           
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A89219-e1530
           
             
               Biesius
               lib.
               1.
               theor
               med
               .
               Jason
               Prait
               lib.
               1.
               
               Dier
               .
            
             
               Hippoc.
               lib
               de
               .
               Pri●c
               .
            
          
           
             Aristot
             .
             lib
             de
             ▪
             gen
             .
             anim
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             cap.
             2.
             lib.
             11.
             
             Comm.
             Hippoc.
             de
             na●
             .
             hum
             .
             Avicen
             .
             lib.
             1.
             
             Top.
             3.
             cap.
             7.
             
             All
             our
             life
             i●
             but
             a
             consumption
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             prisc
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             sol
             .
             anim
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gen.
             50.
             v.
             2.
             
          
           
             Hippoc.
             de
             vet
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             5.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             arte
             ▪
             
          
           
             Prov.
             27.
             
             Eccl.
             28.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             arte
             .
          
           
             Hippoc.
             de
             prisc
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             1.
             
             Aristoph
             .
             in
             Acan.
             Homer
             .
             Odyss
             .
             s.
             
          
           
             Hippoc.
             epistol
             .
             ad
             .
             Crate●
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             vulg●
             error
             .
          
           
             Cic.
             orat
             .
             cont
             .
             Ver.
             Plut.
             in
             Dion
             .
             Homer
             .
             i.
             Odyss
             .
             Herodorus
             .
             Ovid.
             14.
             metam
             .
             Plut.
             de
             sal
             .
             pr.
             Plut.
             ibidem
             ,
          
           
             Xiphil
             .
             in
             vitellio
             .
          
           
             Marsil
             .
             Fic
             .
             de
             tuend
             san
             .
          
           
             lib.
             de
             Diet.
             
          
           
             G●●
             .
             comm
             .
             2.
             in
             Hippoc.
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             Gal.
             lib
             5.
             cap.
             ●
             de
             tuend
             .
             san
             Sip●nt●us
             in
             vet
             .
             Gal.
             
          
           
             Soranus
             in
             ●jus
             vita
             .
          
           
             Siracid
             .
             cap.
             ●
             .
             v.
             15.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e2620
           
             
               How
               many
               kinds
               of
               Diet
               there
               be
               .
            
             
               Gal.
               com
               .
               in
               apho
               .
               4.
               lib.
               2.
               
               Com.
               6.
               in
               6.
               
               Epid.
               
            
          
           
             Com.
             4.
             in
             6.
             
             Epid.
             
          
           
             Com.
             in
             aph
             .
             4.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             
               The
               matter
               of
               Diet.
               
            
             
               Roger
               Bacon
               lib.
               de
               record
               .
               senect
               .
               accid
               .
            
          
           
             Hyppoc
             .
             de
             diaet
             sal
             .
          
           
             Paracelf
             de
             vit
             .
             long
             l.
             ●
             :
             c
             :
             4
             :
          
           
             August
             ▪
             de
             civit
             .
             dei
             .
          
           
             Phaedr
             .
             de
             aquila
             coel
             Michael
             Tox.
             com
             ▪
             in
             Para●
             ▪
             de
             vit
             .
             long
             .
          
           
             Io.
             Bonus
             Ter.
             ●●r
             .
             in
             Margar.
             philos
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             alim
             .
             ●ac
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             aer
             .
             loc
             .
             &
             aq
             .
          
           
             Whether
             Mettals
             be
             meat
             :
             
               vide
               supra
            
             :
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             2.
             
             Apol.
             lib.
             de
             hist
             .
             mir
             .
             Athen
             .
             lib.
             2.
             dipn.
             cap.
             2.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e3100
           
             lib.
             1.
             de
             rer
             .
             var.
             
          
           
             lib.
             2.
             de
             tu
             .
             san
             .
          
           
             Lu●tet
             .
             lib.
             10.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             lib
             de
             aeris
             potest
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             13.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             
               Plut.
               in
               vita
               Marii
               .
            
             
               Hieron
               .
               in
               epi●
               .
               Nepotiani
               .
            
          
           
             Hieron
             .
             Mercurial
             .
             in
             Gymnast
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             resp
             .
             ●su
             .
             ex
             Hipp.
             l.
             de
             loc
             .
             aer
             .
             &
             aq
             l.
             7
             polit
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             1.
             dr
             ▪
             tu
             ▪
             san
             
          
           
             Hip
             de
             aer
             .
             loc
             .
             &
             aq
             .
          
           
             Hippoc.
             de
             loc
             .
             aer
             ▪
             &
             aq
             .
          
           
             Hippoc.
             loco
             citato
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             1.
             
             Fen.
             2.
             d●st
             .
             11.
             
          
           
             The
             best
             Aire
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e4000
           
             Lib.
             cont
             .
             Epic
             P
             u●
             de
             u●
             .
             ex
             :
             host
             .
             cap.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             Isi
             .
             &
             Osir
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             2
             de
             ant●d
             ▪
             Plut.
             de
             Isid
             .
          
           
             Tract
             .
             de
             ▪
             ●rochis●
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             Isi
             .
             &
             Osir
             .
             Avic
             .
             Fen.
             2.
             
             Tract
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             Swe
             t
             waters
             perfumed
             ,
             and
             cakes
             against
             i●
             smels
             .
          
           
             Soranus
             in
             vita
             Hipp.
             
          
           
             How
             the
             aire
             is
             t●
             he
             corrected
             in
             the
             time
             of
             pestilence
             .
          
           
             Com.
             in
             Diosc
             .
             ho.
             1.
             cap.
             88.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             pesle
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             lepra
             .
          
           
             Aelian
             .
             7.
             de
             v
             r.
             hist
             .
             Plut.
             in
             vita
             .
             Phocion
             .
             Sabel
             .
             ▪
             l.
             2.
             c.
             10
             Plut.
             in
             vita
             .
             Porc.
             Cat.
             Coel.
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             23.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             10.
             de
             rer
             .
             var.
             
          
           
             Cardan
             .
             lib
             :
             10.
             de
             var
             :
             rer
             :
             c
             :
             8.
             
          
           
             In
             Idaea
             med
             .
             phil
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e4870
           
             How
             many
             kinds
             of
             meats
             ▪
             there
             be
             .
          
           
             Euseb
             lib.
             1.
             de
             praepar
             .
             evang
             Alex.
             ab
             .
             Alex.
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             primo
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             dees
             .
             carm
             
          
           
             Symp.
             8.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             lib.
             de
             dissol
             .
             cont
             .
             Gal.
             lib.
             cib
             .
             de
             enchy
             .
             et
             .
             1.
             de
             fac
             .
             alim
             .
          
           
             Avic
             .
             3.
             
             Fen.
             1.
             tract
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             ●
             .
             de
             alim
             .
             sac
             .
          
           
             Meats
             of
             peculiar
             and
             extraordinray
             tastes
             .
          
           
             Sueton.
             in
             Nerone
             .
          
           
             Sabel
             .
             lib.
             10.
             cap.
             10.
             
          
           
             Laert.
             lib.
             6.
             
             Naucl.
             de
             greg
             .
             3.
             pontif
             .
             Gaugen
             .
             lib.
             3.
             histor
             .
          
           
             Vergil
             3.
             Georg
             
          
           
             Gel.
             lib.
             28
             cap.
             5.
             
             A.
             L.
             Herodo
             .
             lib.
             4
             Plin.
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             24.
             
             Caelius
             lib.
             28.
             cap.
             2.
             
             A.
             L.
             Cardan
             .
             de
             .
             rer
             .
             var.
             Sabel
             .
             ex
             Herodot
             .
             lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             6.
             cap.
             3.
             
             Patholog
             .
          
           
             Trincavella
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             5.
             de
             cur
             .
             morb
             .
             ●entur
             .
             3
             :
             curat
             .
             86.
             
          
           
             lib.
             4
             :
             cap
             :
             hist
             .
             mir●b
             .
          
           
             Coel.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             13.
             ant
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             observ
             .
             propriarum
             .
          
           
             In
             epist
             ad
             Ioann
             .
             Scl
             :
             eng
             .
          
           
             Io.
             Mat.
             à
             Grad
             .
             ep
             .
             de
             appetit
             .
             Cromer
             .
             l
             20.
             
             Olaus
             ,
             l
             ▪
             20.
             c.
             7
             sept
             reg
             .
             Marant
             .
             l
             3
             de
             cogn
             .
             simp
             .
          
           
             Cranz
             .
             de
             reb
             .
             lituan
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             4.
             de
             fac
             .
             simp
             .
             cap.
             7.
             
          
           
             Isaac
             de
             univ
             .
             diet
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             4.
             de
             simp
             .
             fac
             .
             c.
             10.
             &
             s
             .
             ejusdem
             c.
             25.
             
          
           
             Avic
             2.
             can
             .
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal
             ,
             de
             fac
             .
             alim
             .
             c
             ult
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             2.
             de
             reg
             .
             ac
             .
             morb
             .
          
           
             Aristot
             :
             22.
             problematum
             .
          
           
             Anic
             in
             univers
             .
             Diaet
             .
          
           
             Homer
             1.
             
             Iliad
             .
             Plato
             in
             Timae
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             fac
             .
             alim
             .
             &
             3
             de
             loc
             .
             aff
             .
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             5
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             ▪
             Isaac
             de
             uni●
             .
             &
             partic
             .
             diaet
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             2.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e6800
           
             Athen
             l.
             1
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             l.
             4.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             quaest
             .
             Rom.
             
          
           
             Sat
             :
             3.
             c
             :
             13.
             
          
           
             Suet
             :
             in
             vit
             :
             Augusti
             :
          
           
             Plin
             :
             l.
             8.
             c.
             51
             :
          
           
             Diod
             :
             l
             :
             1
             :
             c
             :
             6
             :
          
           
             Pl●n
             :
             l
             :
             10
             :
             c.
             20
             &
             22
             :
          
           
             〈◊〉
             es
             :
             carn
             :
          
           
             Varro
             l
             :
             3
             :
             rer
             .
             rust
             :
          
           
             Avic
             :
             fen
             :
             ●
             :
             tract
             :
             12
             :
          
           
             Plut.
             lib.
             de
             es
             .
             carn
             .
          
           
             Sim.
             ●
             .
             quaest
             9.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             3
             Sim●os
             .
             quart
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             Eccle
             ▪
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Macrob.
             3
             sat
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             8.
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Laertius
             .
          
           
             Suet.
             in
             Ner.
             lib.
             4
             de
             .
             fac
             .
             simpl
             .
             med
             .
             cap
             8.
             
             &
             16.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             1.
             de
             .
             fac
             .
             simp
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e7650
           
             Whether
             flesh
             or
             fish
             be
             the
             more
             ancient
             pure
             and
             whlosome
             meat
             .
          
           
             Bald.
             in
             postillam
             Carthusianorum
             .
          
           
             ●
             .
             ●olychron
             .
          
           
             Exod.
             12.
             24
             ▪
             
          
           
             Lev.
             11.
             v.
             9
             ,
             10.
             
          
           
             1
             Epist
             .
             ad
             Timorh
             .
             cap.
             4.
             v.
             3.
             
          
           
             Hieronym
             :
             in
             Epist
             .
          
           
             Marul
             .
             lib.
             1.
             decad
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Polydor
             Verg
             lib
             :
             3.
             cap.
             de
             rer
             .
             invent
             .
          
           
             Plin
             lib.
             7.
             cap
             21.
             
             Diod.
             lib.
             3.
             ap
             .
             3.
             
             Herod
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             Cic.
             3.
             de
             nat
             .
             Dior
             .
          
           
             Heb.
             2.
             
          
           
             Ael
             .
             lib.
             1.
             de
             vac
             :
             h●ss
             .
          
           
             lib.
             de
             es
             carn
             .
          
           
             Euseb
             .
             1.
             de
             prap
             .
             eu
             .
          
           
             Alex.
             ab
             .
             Alex
             ▪
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             Ge●
             .
             18.
             v.
             8.
             
          
           
             Gen.
             9.
             v.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             lib.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             &
             Symp.
             quest
             .
             8.
             
          
           
             1
             ▪
             Tim.
             5.
             v.
             23.
             
          
           
             Sextus
             Aurel.
             
          
           
             Hieron
             in
             Ep.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e8750
           
             3
             de
             fac
             .
             alim
             .
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Valthas
             .
             Pisanellus
             l.
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             3
             ▪
             de
             alim
             .
             sac
             .
             c
             7.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             cib
             .
             bov
             .
             &
             mal
             ▪
             succi
             .
             &
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             ▪
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             Isaac
             .
             4
             de
             〈◊〉
             dieta
             .
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             Macrob
             3.
             sat
             cap.
             13.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Dealim
             .
             fac
             .
             est
             2
             :
             &
             temperam
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             28.
             cap.
             2.
             
             A
             L.
             
          
           
             Diod.
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             Tract
             .
             de
             Ver.
             vece
             .
          
           
             Why
             Mutton
             makes
             one
             live
             longer
             then
             ●●y
             meat
             .
          
           
             lib.
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             lib.
             1.
             de
             la.
             maison
             rushque
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             de
             .
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
          
           
             Haly
             abb
             .
             s.
             theor
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             genit
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             ●
             .
             cap.
             24.
             
          
           
             i●
             Quest
             Rom
             
          
           
             Sheep
             and
             Piggs
             ,
             the
             younger
             the
             better
             .
          
           
             Gal
             3
             ▪
             de
             alim
             .
             ●ac
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             lib.
             de
             es
             .
             carn
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             8.
             
             ●
             .
             51.
             in
             P●n
             ▪
             &
             Bucc●
             .
          
           
             De
             diaet
             .
             partic
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             l.
             de
             Isid
             .
          
           
             Plut
             5
             f
             ▪
             mp
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             5.
             symp
             .
          
           
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             c.
             13.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l
             ▪
             8.
             c.
             51.
             
          
           
             L.
             3.
             de
             orb
             ●it
             .
          
           
             L.
             2.
             de
             re
             rust
             .
          
           
             P.
             Iov
             .
             in
             vita
             ▪
             Leon.
             x.
             
          
           
             Schol.
             sal
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             28
             c.
             9.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e10380
           
             Lib.
             2.
             de
             victrat
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             25.
             
             L.
             5
             de
             vict
             .
             atten
             .
          
           
             L.
             de
             retard
             ▪
             fen
             .
          
           
             L.
             quaest
             .
             nat
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             sol
             .
             anim
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             25.
             
          
           
             Pisanel
             .
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             lib.
             6.
             de
             v
             ▪
             rer
             .
          
           
             In
             diaet
             univ
             .
          
           
             Lampridius
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             vict
             .
             atten
             .
          
           
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cab
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Hares
             be
             often
             leprous
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             fac
             .
             esc
             .
          
           
             Varro
             .
             3.
             lib.
             agric.
             
          
           
             Matthiolus
             .
             Com.
             in
             lib.
             2.
             
             Diosc
             .
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             Strab
             ▪
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             2
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
          
           
             Jas.
             Prat.
             
          
           
             Jo.
             Necker
             .
             Syntax
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             43
             
          
           
             Nauclerus
             .
          
           
             Virg.
             3.
             
             Georg.
             Guagnimus
             .
          
           
             lib
             :
             2.
             de
             gest
             .
             Emanu
             .
             Athen.
             lib.
             10.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             2
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             lib.
             3.
             de
             .
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             1.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e11420
           
             S.
             partic
             .
             Diaet
             .
          
           
             2
             can
             .
             &
             Fen.
             3.
             t●
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Pisanel
             ▪
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
             ex
             .
             Plinio
             .
          
           
             Joach
             .
             Curaeus
             .
             in
             situanim
             
          
           
             Platina
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             16.
             
             Bucinus
             lib
             :
             6
             :
             cap
             :
             9
             :
          
           
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             alim
             ▪
             fac
             .
          
           
             l.
             &
             vict
             .
             atten
             .
          
           
             Rhas
             .
             23.
             
             Cont.
             Avenz
             .
             1.
             
             &
             2.
             
             Theisir
             .
             Halya
             .
             s.
             theor
             .
          
           
             Elluch
             .
             c.
             2.
             l.
             3
             
          
           
             Rhas
             .
             24.
             Con.
             
          
           
             3
             de
             fac
             alim
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             10.
             c.
             1
             
          
           
             cap.
             de
             phthis
             .
             Dialog
             .
             3
             ▪
             
          
           
             lib.
             Creophag
             .
          
           
             lib.
             nat
             .
             histor
             .
          
           
             Macrob.
             3.
             sat
             .
             cap.
             13.
             
          
           
             Pli.
             l.
             10.
             
             ●
             .
             20.
             
          
           
             Paul
             Jov.
             in
             vita
             Leon.
             X.
             
          
           
             l.
             de
             civit
             .
             Dei.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             Halyab
             :
             s.
             theo
             .
          
           
             Plut
             symp
             .
             7
             ▪
             quest
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             de
             Enchym
             .
             &
             Caroch
             .
          
           
             l
             de
             .
             esc
             .
             &
             po●
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             22
             
          
           
             Diod.
             l.
             1.
             ca.
             6
             
          
           
             Jas.
             Prat.
             1.
             lib.
             Diaet
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             quest
             .
             Rom.
             
          
           
             Lege
             Heresbachium
             ,
             li.
             4.
             de
             re
             rust
             .
          
           
             In
             hort
             ▪
             san
             .
          
           
             Lege
             Davidem
             Chytr
             .
             in
             descript
             .
             Russiae
             .
          
           
             lib.
             volatilum
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             comp
             .
             in
             sec
             .
             gen
             .
          
           
             Isaac
             .
             in
             partic
             .
             diaet
             .
          
           
             Rhas
             .
             2.
             de
             ali
             .
          
           
             Rhas
             .
             com
             ▪
             〈◊〉
             4
             aphor
             Aveuz
             .
             1.
             
             &
             2.
             theisir
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e13090
           
             Albertus
             in
             hort
             .
             san
             .
          
           
             Gesn
             .
             3.
             de
             avib
             .
          
           
             Gesn
             .
             3.
             de
             avib
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             lib.
             de
             es
             .
             carn
             .
          
           
             Epist
             .
             ad
             Gesn
             .
          
           
             L
             de
             ●h
             eriac
             .
             ad
             Pison
             :
          
           
             Arnald
             .
             de
             Vil.
             nov
             .
          
           
             De
             es
             .
             &
             pot
             :
          
           
             Gal.
             5
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             Rhas
             :
             4
             :
             Aph
             :
          
           
             De
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Gal
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             De
             vict
             .
             atten
             .
          
           
             L
             :
             r●i
             rustic
             :
             1
             :
             c
             :
             90
             :
          
           
             Fen.
             3
             doct
             .
             14
             tract
             .
             21.
             
          
           
             De
             diaet
             partic
             
          
           
             Plin
             l.
             10.
             c.
             22
             Avicen
             Fen.
             14
             tr
             .
             3.
             c.
             21.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             9.
             c.
             15.
             
          
           
             Loco
             citato
             .
          
           
             L.
             1.
             
             Epist
             .
             8.
             
          
           
             3
             :
             Euporist
             :
          
           
             Nam
             :
             11
             :
             v
             :
             31
             :
          
           
             Tract
             :
             de
             avib
             :
          
           
             Lib
             :
             3
             de
             avib
             :
          
           
             Cael.
             l.
             28.
             c.
             2.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Epist
             ad
             Ge●n
             ▪
             
          
           
             Cael.
             l.
             6.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             Lucullo
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             avib
             .
          
           
             L.
             6.
             de
             tu
             .
             san
             .
             L.
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             sac
             .
          
           
             Monedula
             .
          
           
             Acanthis
             .
          
           
             Chloris
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Theor.
             c.
             22
             :
          
           
             Troglodytae
             ▪
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e16690
           
             Vulpan●eres
             .
          
           
             Gen.
             3.
             de
             avib
             .
          
           
             Boseades
             .
          
           
             Epist
             ad
             ▪
             Gesn
             .
          
           
             Phalacrocoraces
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e17690
           
             Ala
             mala
             ,
             Coxa
             noxa
             ,
             Crura
             dnra
             ,
             Cropium
             dubium
             .
             Collum
             bonum
             .
          
           
             Macr.
             3.
             Satur.
             
          
           
             lib.
             cap.
             37.
             
          
           
             Aveuz
             .
             1.
             
             &
             :
             2.
             
             Theisir
             .
             Gal.
             4.
             
             Eupor
             .
             Gal
             de
             comp
             .
             in
             sect
             .
             loc
             .
          
           
             Diocl.
             in
             7
             :
             sap
             .
             Conv.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Isaac
             .
             Jud.
             de
             part
             .
             diaet
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             es
             .
             carn
             .
          
           
             l.
             de
             Magister
             .
          
           
             Pli.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             61.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             .
             al.
             fa
             ▪
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             ●
             ,
             de
             alim
             fac
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             10
             :
             cap.
             22.
             
          
           
             lib.
             esc
             .
             &
             potu
             .
          
           
             Capi
             vaccius
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e18950
           
             Ex
             Higyno
             .
          
           
             Ovid.
             in
             rem
             .
             amor
             .
          
           
             Beasts
             milk
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l
             6.
             c.
             30.
             
          
           
             4
             de
             sac
             .
             simpl
             .
             cap.
             17.
             
          
           
             Politianus
             in
             Nutricia
             .
          
           
             Syl.
             p●et
             .
             l.
             14
             Aelian
             .
             lib.
             12.
             var.
             hist
             .
          
           
             Marulus
             .
             lib.
             4
             cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             Jo.
             Mat.
             a
             Grad
             .
             c.
             de
             appetitu
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             2
             Guagninus
             in
             Tart.
             Cael.
             l
             ▪
             b
             ●8
             .
             cap.
             2.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             san
             .
             tu
             .
          
           
             plin
             l.
             11.
             c
             41
             :
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             25
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             67.
             
             Card.
             lib.
             1.
             de
             rer
             ▪
             var.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e19840
           
             Lib.
             28.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             Olausl
             .
             13.
             sept
             .
             gent.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             l.
             28
             ▪
             c
             9.
             
          
           
             6
             de
             alim
             fac
             .
             Isa
             .
             de
             diaet
             .
             pt
             .
          
           
             L.
             3
             Trid.
             hist
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             42
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l
             11.
             c
             41
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             42
             
          
           
             Plin.
             loco
             citato
             .
          
           
             Strab.
             l.
             3
             ▪
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             42
             ▪
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e20550
           
             Plin.
             l.
             4.
             c.
             13.
             
          
           
             Polid.
             Vir.
             l.
             3.
             c.
             5.
             de
             rar
             .
             inv
             .
          
           
             Alex.
             Aphr.
             l.
             2
             problem
             .
             84.
             
          
           
             Pl.
             l.
             29
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Schol.
             Salem
             .
             &
             Horat.
             Serm.
             lib.
             2.
             
             Satyr
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Rha.
             4
             ad
             Alm.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             3.
             c
             ▪
             7.
             
          
           
             Avicenna
             &
             Albertus
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Ad
             Almans
             
          
           
             12
             de
             meth
             .
             med
             .
          
           
             lib
             2.
             de
             avib
             ▪
             
          
           
             Avic
             .
             Fen.
             1.
             tract
             :
             1.
             cap.
             8.
             
             Lib.
             de
             san
             tu
             ▪
             
          
           
             Pisanel
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             l.
             sym
             .
             2.
             quae
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             L●vit
             .
             7.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             13
             cap.
             ●
             .
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Virgil.
             3.
             
             Geo.
             Guag
             .
             in
             Tart.
             
          
           
             Pl.
             l.
             28.
             cap.
             9.
             
          
           
             Mars
             .
             Fic
             .
             de
             .
             studios●●n
             ●ue
             .
             I
             b.
             2.
             cap.
             1●
             .
          
           
             Avic
             .
             l
             ▪
             1.
             d●c
             .
             3
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             28.
             ca.
             1.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e21350
           
             Pis
             .
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
             Corn.
             cels
             .
             l.
             2.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             4.
             symp
             .
             qu
             4.
             
          
           
             Lev.
             11.
             v.
             9.
             10.
             
          
           
             Athen
             l.
             8.
             c.
             6.
             
             Caelius
             lib.
             23.
             
             〈◊〉
             5.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             lib.
             32.
             nat
             hist
             .
             cap.
             11.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             4.
             symp
             .
             4
             ▪
             quest
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             2.
             &
             lib.
             16.
             ca.
             1.
             
          
           
             Plin
             l.
             31.
             ca
             2.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             ca
             ▪
             ●
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             li.
             32
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Suet
             in
             vita
             ▪
             Severi
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             8
             c
             6.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             8.
             c.
             3
             ▪
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e22300
           
             Lib.
             32
             cap.
             7
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9.
             c.
             29.
             
          
           
             3.
             de
             simp
             .
             sac
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             8.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Vict.
             l.
             18.
             c.
             17.
             var.
             lect
             .
          
           
             Gal
             9.
             comp
             .
             sec
             .
             loc
             .
          
           
             de
             alim
             fac
             .
          
           
             lib.
             de
             af●●
             .
             in
             t
             .
          
           
             3.
             de
             .
             al.
             fa
             c.
             31
             
          
           
             cap.
             185.
             
          
           
             This
             Asellus
             is
             also
             by
             Jul.
             Scaliger
             ,
             aud
             ●ac
             .
             Cujacius
             rendred
             stockfish
             perhaps
             because
             like
             unto
             the
             Afse
             ,
             not
             serviceable
             or
             fit
             for
             use
             til
             wel
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             
          
           
             lib
             9.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             31.
             c.
             ●
             .
          
           
             Arnol.
             de
             vil
             .
             nou
             .
             com
             .
             in
             ▪
             Sch.
             Sal.
             
          
           
             Aelianus
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             L.
             de
             Venereis
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             9.
             c.
             17.
             
          
           
             L
             de
             diff
             .
             anim
             .
          
           
             lib.
             32
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             ca.
             6.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             ca.
             6.
             
          
           
             De
             cib
             bon
             .
             &
             .
             mal
             .
             succ
             .
          
           
             Loco
             citato
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l
             4
             c.
             3.
             
             Mac
             3.
             sat
             .
             c.
             13
             
          
           
             Su.
             in
             vita
             Ti●
             .
          
           
             C●lcus
             .
             Trallianus
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             5.
             de
             .
             sa
             .
             tu
             
          
           
             Gregr.
             hist
             .
             l.
             9.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             32.
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             Seneca
             in
             ep
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             8.
             de
             comp
             med
             .
             sec
             .
             loc
             .
          
           
             Apic.
             l.
             7.
             c.
             16.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             1.
             de
             morb
             ▪
             mul.
             
          
           
             Lae.
             in
             vit
             .
             Dio.
             
          
           
             Lib
             32
             cap.
             11
             
          
           
             Pli.
             lib
             9
             ▪
             c.
             51.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             li.
             9.
             
             ●
             .
             51.
             
          
           
             com
             1.
             epid
             .
             3
             ▪
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             pisc
             ▪
             
          
           
             Lib.
             colloq
             .
          
           
             cap.
             184.
             
          
           
             Suet.
             in
             vita
             .
             Sever.
             
          
           
             Gal
             ▪
             de
             Euchy
             &
             cacochym
             .
             cic
             .
             1.
             
             Tusculan
             quaest
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             morb
             .
             in
             t
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             8.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             De
             comp
             .
             med
             .
             sec
             .
             loc
             .
          
           
             li.
             de
             dif
             .
             anim
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e27550
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             ca.
             7.
             
          
           
             Terpsides
             lib.
             de
             Vener
             .
          
           
             Pisan
             .
             de
             .
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Li.
             de
             rect
             .
             rat
             .
          
           
             Com.
             in
             Sch.
             sal
             
          
           
             Jov.
             in
             desc
             .
             Hetrur
             .
          
           
             lib.
             9
             ▪
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Poly.
             Virgil.
             lib.
             11.
             hist
             .
          
           
             Lib
             9.
             cap.
             2●
             .
             Plin.
             l.
             32
             ca
             2.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             32.
             ca.
             2.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9.
             ca.
             55
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9.
             c.
             23
             ▪
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             1.
             c
             3.
             
          
           
             Hippoc.
             2.
             de
             rat
             .
             vict
             .
             Gal.
             3.
             de
             al.
             fa.
             
          
           
             3.
             sat
             .
             cap.
             16.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             esc
             ▪
             &
             potul
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e30050
           
             Plin.
             l.
             8.
             c.
             39.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             loc
             .
             citato
             
          
           
             Plin.
             li.
             9.
             c.
             55.
             
             Ex.
             M
             Varrone
             
          
           
             Pisanel
             .
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             30.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Supra
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l
             ▪
             8.
             c.
             29.
             
          
           
             Athen
             l.
             2.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             22.
             cap.
             24.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             28.
             cap.
             27.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Macr.
             2.
             sat
             .
             c.
             8.
             
             Gel.
             l.
             13.
             c.
             11.
             
          
           
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             What
             hony
             is
             best
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e30720
           
             Plin.
             l.
             15.
             c.
             1●
             .
          
           
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             27.
             ca●
             ▪
             17.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Athen
             l.
             7.
             c.
             1.
             
             Cael
             lib.
             13.
             cap
             ▪
             15
             ▪
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Lib
             15.
             cap.
             21
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             15.
             c.
             25.
             
          
           
             lib.
             15.
             c
             23.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             13.
             ca.
             1.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             23.
             ca.
             6.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             13.
             ca.
             4.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             15.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             5.
             
             Symp.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             12.
             ca.
             1
             ▪
             
          
           
             Alex.
             l.
             3.
             ca.
             11
             :
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             7.
             ca.
             1
             
          
           
             Pau
             ▪
             Jov
             ▪
             invita
             Colu●
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             15.
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             Matth.
             com
             .
             in
             Diosc
             .
          
           
             2
             de
             diaet
             .
             part
             .
          
           
             Pisanel
             .
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             15.
             c.
             20.
             
          
           
             Pis
             .
             de
             esc
             .
             &
             pot
             .
             ex
             Avicenna
             Aetio
             &
             Isa
             .
             aco
             Iudaeo
             .
          
           
             ●
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Laert.
             in
             Plut.
             vit
             .
          
           
             2
             de
             alim
             .
             sac
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     Amerinum
                     .
                  
                   
                     Plinij
                  
                
                 
                   
                     2.
                     
                     Signinum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     3.
                     Venereum
                  
                
                 
                   
                     4.
                     Crustuminum
                  
                
                 
                   
                     5.
                     Hordearium
                  
                
                 
                   
                     6.
                     Do●obellianum
                  
                
                 
                   
                     7.
                     
                     Superbum
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     8.
                     Cucurbitinum
                  
                
                 
                   
                     9.
                     Ampullaceum
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             Schol.
             sal
             .
             c.
             39.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             .
             la.
             mais
             .
             rust
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             l.
             8.
             simpl
             .
          
           
             Gal
             ex
             .
             Diosc
             .
             lib.
             1
             cap.
             127.
             
          
           
             3
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             ▪
             cap.
             22.
             
          
           
             2
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             ▪
             
          
           
             Lib.
             5.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             2.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap
             9.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             15.
             c.
             15.
             
          
           
             Mac.
             3
             sat
             .
             c.
             18.
             
             Plin.
             lib.
             23.
             c.
             8
             
          
           
             Pis
             .
             de
             ●scul
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e34300
           
             Dod.
             lib.
             4.
             
             Pla
             ▪
             
          
           
             Gal.
             2.
             de
             alim
             ▪
             fac
             .
          
           
             Dodon
             .
             lib.
             2.
             hist
             .
             pl.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             
          
           
             Alex.
             l.
             5.
             c
             ▪
             ●1
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             19.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             Galen
             .
          
           
             Horat.
             l.
             3.
             ●pod
             
          
           
             Suidas
             .
          
           
             Crinz
             .
             l.
             3.
             ca
             3.
             hist
             .
             saxon
             .
          
           
             lib.
             7.
             de
             med
             .
             sec
             .
             loc
             .
          
           
             Polemon
             lib.
             de
             Samothra●
             .
             Athen.
             l.
             9.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             2
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
          
           
             Pe●n
             .
             sac
             .
             lib.
             4.
             
             Ticin
             hist
             .
          
           
             C●spinianus
             .
          
           
             Cromerus
             .
          
           
             Platina
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             l.
             de
             Iside
             &
             Osiride
             .
          
           
             Dodon
             .
             lib.
             5.
             hist
             .
             plaut
             .
          
           
             3
             de
             alim
             fac
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9
             c.
             15.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             19.
             ca.
             ●
             .
          
           
             Pisanel
             .
             de
             .
             esc
             .
             &
             potul
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             9
             ca.
             15.
             
          
           
             1
             Cyropaed
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e37170
           
             Dios
             .
             l.
             2.
             c.
             78.
             
             Gal.
             1.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             9.
             
          
           
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             20.
             de
             rer
             .
             var.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             .
             Nat.
             Quest
             
          
           
             1
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             14.
             
          
           
             Suidas
             .
          
           
             Nicetas
             l.
             3.
             de
             reb
             .
             Immanuel
             .
          
           
             Athe.
             l.
             4.
             c.
             18.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e37930
           
             Plut.
             Symp.
             7.
             
          
           
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             56.
             
          
           
             in
             ▪
             Ar●ad
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             18.
             c.
             11.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             i.
             7.
             cap.
             2.
             
             Diod.
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             3.
             
             Herodot
             .
             li.
             2.
             
          
           
             2.
             lib.
             de
             gest
             .
             Emanuel
             .
          
           
             Herodot
             .
             li.
             2.
             
          
           
             Diod.
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             3
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             2.
             c.
             43.
             
          
           
             
               Alex.
               ab
               ▪
               Alex.
               lib
               3.
               c.
               11.
               ex
               .
               Plinio
               .
            
             
               Suet.
               in
               vita
               .
               Iul.
               Cae.
               
            
          
           
             Luc.
             in
             dial
             .
             de
             merc
             .
             cond
             
          
           
             Laer.
             in
             .
             vita
             .
             Diog.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             lib.
             1.
             
             Dionyss
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             ali
             .
             fac
             .
             Isaac
             .
             in
             partic
             .
             Diaet
             .
          
           
             Averrh
             .
             5.
             
             Col.
             Psel
             .
             de
             .
             pr.
             &
             caen
             .
             ●at
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             1.
             de
             .
             la.
             fa.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             1.
             de
             .
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             lib.
             Quae.
             Rom.
             
          
           
             Bread
             ▪
             of
             a
             day
             ,
             Wine
             of
             a
             year
             ,
             Meal
             of
             a
             month
             .
          
           
             Plin
             li.
             2.
             c.
             20.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             1.
             de
             al.
             sa
             .
          
           
             Avic
             .
             can
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             Haly
             abbas
             5.
             
             Theor.
             
          
           
             How
             and
             when
             Bread
             is
             to
             be
             eaten
             .
          
           
             Sueton.
             in
             Vita
             Anton.
             Pli.
             
          
           
             Cael
             l
             27
             c.
             2●
             .
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             9
             cap.
             13.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e39380
           
             Plut.
             4.
             
             Sympos
             quaest
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Hom.
             1.
             
             Iliad
             .
             Plat.
             in
             Timae
             ▪
             
          
           
             lib.
             Quaest
             .
             nat
             ▪
             Quaest
             .
             5.
             
          
           
             Herot
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             qu.
             nat
             .
          
           
             lib.
             8.
             cap.
             4.
             meth
             .
             med
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e40100
           
             Sym.
             ●
             .
             quae
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             13.
             cap
             25.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             Coron
             .
          
           
             lib.
             de
             opt
             .
             civ
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             sal
             .
             vict
             rat
             .
          
           
             lib.
             de
             tuen
             .
             san
             
          
           
             Plut
             ▪
             de
             san
             .
             tu
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             de
             sal
             .
             Diaet
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             li●
             .
             8.
             &
             lib
             9.
             nat
             hist
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e40720
           
             Hip.
             in
             Iure
             jur
             
          
           
             Objections
             against
             variety
             of
             meats
             .
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             9
             cap.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
             La.
             in
             vita
             Dio.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             7.
             cap.
             11.
             antiq
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Alex.
             ab
             Alex.
             lib.
             3
             cap.
             11.
             
          
           
             Corrozetus
             de
             dict
             .
             &
             fact
             .
             memor
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             Lac.
             Q●est
             .
          
           
             Plut
             in
             apo
             .
             thegm
             .
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             4.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             19.
             c.
             4
             ▪
             
          
           
             Sab.
             l.
             8.
             suppl
             ▪
             ●ov
             .
             l.
             33.
             hist
             .
          
           
             Hect.
             Boeth
             .
             in
             histor
             .
             Scot.
             
          
           
             Alex.
             ab
             .
             Alex.
             lib.
             3.
             cap
             ,
             11.
             
             Athen.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             4
             Mar.
             l.
             ●
             .
             dec
             .
             1.
             
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             4●
             .
          
           
             Diod.
             lib.
             1.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Alex.
             ab
             Alex.
             lib
             ▪
             5
             cap.
             21.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             8.
             ca.
             50.
             
          
           
             Valer.
             Max.
             
          
           
             2.
             com
             .
             in
             Pan.
             
          
           
             Read.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l
             8
             ca.
             57.
             
             Sabel
             .
             lib.
             4.
             ●nead
             .
             7.
             
             Cael.
             lib.
             8
             ca.
             7.
             
             A.
             L.
             Spar.
             in
             vita
             Ge●ae
             .
          
           
             Iliad
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Guevarra
             in
             his
             Epistles
             .
          
           
             Isaac
             .
             Belg.
             lib.
             de
             quint.
             mell
             .
             essent
             .
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             6.
             ant
             .
             lect
             .
          
           
             Hect.
             Boeth
             .
             l.
             9.
             
             Scot.
             hist
             .
          
           
             Alex.
             l.
             3.
             c.
             11.
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             4
             
          
           
             Marul
             .
             lib.
             1.
             decad
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c
             ▪
             42
             ▪
             
          
           
             Numb
             .
             11.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             1.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Alex
             l.
             5.
             c.
             21.
             
          
           
             Gell.
             l.
             13.
             c.
             11
             
          
           
             l.
             9
             Scot
             ▪
             hist
             ▪
             
          
           
             lib.
             2.
             histor
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e42820
           
             Athen.
             l.
             1.
             c.
             1.
             
             In
             A●can
             .
          
           
             l.
             6.
             c.
             10.
             en
             .
             7.
             
          
           
             Cael
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             2.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Flan.
             Vopisc
             .
          
           
             Sabel
             .
             lib.
             10.
             ex
             Capitolino
             .
          
           
             Ex
             Boet.
             in
             Ornithogon
             .
          
           
             Aug
             l.
             10.
             con
             .
          
           
             Athen
             l.
             10
             ▪
             c.
             
          
           
             Pl●t
             in
             Gryll
             .
          
           
             Marsil
             .
             Fici
             .
             de
             ●●end
             .
             stud
             san
             .
          
           
             Cael.
             lib.
             17
             ea
             .
             11.
             
             A
             L.
             
          
           
             Ma.
             sat
             .
             3.
             c.
             17.
             
          
           
             Hector
             .
             Boeth
             ▪
             hist
             .
             Scot.
             
          
           
             Sozom.
             lib.
             6.
             eccl
             .
             hist
             .
             c.
             34.
             
          
           
             Hippoc.
             
          
           
             Xenoph.
             1.
             
             Pae
             ▪
             
          
           
             Athen.
             l.
             2
             ▪
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Cic.
             3.
             
             Tusc
             .
          
           
             Marfil
             .
             Fic
             .
             de
             Sanit
             .
             stud
             .
             tu
             .
          
           
             
               Plut.
               4.
               sympo●
               Cloath
               your self
               warmly
               ,
               and
               feed
               sparingly
               .
            
             
               Vesti
               te
               cal●o
               &
               mangia
               poco
            
          
           
             Hip.
             de
             .
             vet
             .
             me
             
          
           
             lib
             ▪
             1.
             cap.
             6.
             
             Cosmocrit
             .
          
           
             Sur.
             com
             .
             rer
             .
             in
             orbe
             gest
             .
             B●u
             .
             lib.
             3.
             de
             re
             cib
             .
             cap.
             5.
             
             Schengh
             .
             lib.
             3.
             obs
             ▪
             med
             .
          
           
             Hip
             lib
             ▪
             de
             ca.
             
          
           
             Plin.
             l.
             11.
             c.
             54
             Athen.
             l.
             2.
             
             Dip
             Alb.
             l.
             7.
             de
             ani
             Alex.
             B.
             pract
             .
             lib.
             12
             c●p
             .
             11
             Jac.
             syl
             .
             Consil
             .
             contra
             famem
             .
          
           
             Ioub
             dec
             .
             1.
             ●a●ad●●
             ▪
             2.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             2.
             Symp.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             .
             sal
             .
             diaet
             .
          
           
             Suet.
             in
             vita
             .
             Aug.
             Laert.
             in
             vita
             Diog.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e44510
           
             Hipp.
             de
             sal
             Di.
             Galen
             com
             .
             in
             aph
             .
             so
             .
             lib
             1.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             .
             4
             ▪
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             in
             ac
             .
             cap.
             10.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             in
             aph
             .
             50.
             lib.
             1.
             
             Gal.
             com
             .
             in
             ap
             ▪
             12.
             l.
             1.
             &
             com
             .
             de
             sal
             .
             diaet
             .
             c.
             7
             ▪
             &
             com
             .
             5.
             in
             6.
             epi
             ▪
             c.
             ●
             .
             &
             com
             .
             in
             aph
             .
             3.
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             .
             in
             aph
             .
             18.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             Gal
             com
             .
             2.
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
             in
             .
             ac
             .
             cap.
             36.
             
          
           
             4.
             de
             fac
             .
             simp
             .
             cap.
             7.
             
          
           
             4.
             de
             simpl
             ▪
             fac
             .
             cap.
             19.
             
             &
             .
             5.
             ejusdem
             .
             cap.
             25
             
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             alim
             .
             fac
             .
             l.
             &
             ca.
             ult
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             2.
             de
             vict
             .
             rat
             in
             ac
             .
             ▪
             
          
           
             Gal.
             3
             de
             fac
             .
             alim
             .
             &
             3.
             de
             loc
             .
             af●
             .
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             in
             ap
             .
             18.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             Gal
             5.
             de
             .
             al.
             f●
             ▪
             
          
           
             Isa
             .
             de
             univers
             .
             &
             parti
             .
             diaeta
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             .
             in
             aph
             ▪
             3.
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             in
             .
             aph
             .
             3
             l.
             3.
             
          
           
             Gal
             com
             .
             in
             aph
             .
             38.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             Gal.
             com
             .
             4.
             de
             vict
             rat
             .
             in
             .
             ac
             .
             cap.
             89.
             
          
           
             Hip.
             de
             sal
             .
             vict
             .
             rat
             .
          
           
             Pl.
             desan
             .
             tu●n
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A89219-e45060
           
             Meat
             well
             chewed
             is
             half
             digested
             .
             It
             is
             ill
             to
             talk
             much
             at
             meat
             ▪
             Where
             an
             eg
             is
             best
             to
             be
             opened
             .
          
           
             lib.
             2.
             para
             .
             c
             ▪
             ●1
             
          
           
             lib.
             6.
             epi.
             sec
             .
             6.
             
             &
             1.
             aphor
             .
             15.
             
          
           
             Hip.
             6
             ▪
             ep
             .
             sec
             .
             5.
             &
             aph
             .
             29.
             
          
           
             Hip
             ibid.
             ap
             .
             10
             
          
           
             l.
             1.
             de
             ca.
             sym
             .
          
           
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             97.
             
          
           
             Hib.
             6.
             ep
             .
             tom
             .
             4
             aph
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             Hip.
             2.
             aph
             .
             50.
             
          
           
             Dec.
             1.
             parad
             .
             8.
             
          
           
             Plut.
             in
             Gryll
             .
          
           
             Suet.
             in
             vita
             claudii
             &
             vitel
             .
          
           
             Ben
             ▪
             c.
             108.
             de
             abdit
             .
             Ferd.
             Mena
             l.
             de
             med
             .
             feb
             .
             c.
             51.
             
             Barth
             .
             An
             in
             picta
             Po●si
             cir
             ▪
             ca
             finem
             .
          
           
             Sue
             ▪
             in
             .
             vit
             .
             Au.
             
          
           
             lib.
             9.
             c.
             3.
             
             A.
             L.
             
          
           
             Cael.
             l.
             7
             ▪
             c.
             9.
             
             A.
             C.
             
          
           
             Ath.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             1●
             ▪
             
          
           
             Leon●
             .
             l.
             4.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             Ioa.
             c
             ▪
             13.
             v.
             23.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             ▪
             remed
             .
             utr
             for
             t
             .
          
           
             Plut.
             8.
             symp
             .
          
           
             Cael
             liq
             ▪
             7.
             cap.
             17.
             
             A.
             L.