Certain questions propounded to the assembly, to answer by the Scriptures whether corporall punishments may be inflicted upon such as hold errours in religion. / By S.R. Richardson, Samuel, fl. 1643-1658. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A91790 of text R210206 in the English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E1182_6). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 21 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 9 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A91790 Wing R1404A Thomason E1182_6 ESTC R210206 99869025 99869025 170682 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A91790) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 170682) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 256:E1182[6]) Certain questions propounded to the assembly, to answer by the Scriptures whether corporall punishments may be inflicted upon such as hold errours in religion. / By S.R. Richardson, Samuel, fl. 1643-1658. [16] p. [s.n.], London : printed anno Dom. 1646. S.R. = Samuel Richardson. Signatures: A. Annotation on Thomason copy: "Dec: 10". Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng Freedom of religion -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800. Dissenters, Religious -- England -- Early works to 1800. A91790 R210206 (Thomason E1182_6). civilwar no Certain questions propounded to the assembly, to answer by the Scriptures: whether corporall punishments may be inflicted upon such as hold Richardson, Samuel 1646 3832 3 0 0 0 0 0 8 B The rate of 8 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 2007-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-06 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2007-06 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion CERTAIN QUESTIONS PROPOUNDED To the ASSEMBLY , to answer by the Scriptures : whether corporall punishments may be inflicted upon such as hold Errours in Religion . 1. that no man might buy or sell , save he that had the marke , or the name of the Beast , or the number of his name , Rev. 13. 17. See Rev. 14. 8 , 9 , 10. 2 , Ye are bought with a price ; be not the servants of men , 1 Cor. 7. 23. 3. Ye suffer fooles gladly , 2 Cor. 11. 19. and yet I may not be suffered . By S. R. LONDON , Printed Anno Dom. 1646. To the impartiall READER . IF in this life only we had hope in Christ , we are of all men most miserable : for almost every man thinkes himself most happy , that can doe us the most mischiefe : so that scarce any place can hardly be found in which we can be let alone : notwithstanding , we eat our own bread , and wear our own cloathing : ( to say no more ) live quietly , & do no man wrong . We are dayly unjustly accused , and lyable to be stripped of outward comforts ; because we will not believe and practise that which is in our understandings a lye . And is it not strange , that some dare affirme that to be truth , and would have others compelled to believe it : notwithstanding , they cannot read it unto us out of the holy Scriptures , Neither can they prove themselves to be our spiritual masters . If they can , we are content to be their spiritual servants , and believe , and practice , what and how much of any Religion they please to appoint . But untill they can prove to us , to have such power , it will be to no purpose for thē to appoint us what to believe , &c. & that that which is truth , may more clearly appear . I desire they would give a plain and full answer ( to these Questions I have propounded ) according to the Scriptures ; That so if we be mistaken , we trust we shall be glad to see it , and embrace it , &c. Certaine QUESTIONS propounded to the SYNOD . QUEST . 1. VVHether corporall punishments can open blind eyes , and give light to dark understandings ? 2 Whether carnall punishments can produce any more then a carnall repentance and obedience ? 3 Whether the destroying of mens bodies for errors , be not a means to prevent their conversion ; seeing some are not called untill the eleventh houre : and if they should bee cut off for their errors the seventh houre . how should they have come in ? Mat. 20 6. 4 Whether those who would force other mens consciences , be willing to have their own forced ? 5 Whether it be wisdome and safe to make such sole Judges in matte●s of Religion , who are not infallible , but as liable to erre as others ? 6 If a a Father , or Magistrate have not power to force a virgin to marry one shee cannot love ; whether they have power to force one where they cannot believe , against the light and checks of their own consciences ? 7 Whether the Scripture makes the Magistrate Judge of our faith ? 8 If the Magistrate may determine what is truth ; whether we must not beleeve , and live by the Magistrotes faith , and change our Religion at their pleasures ? And if nothing must bee preached , nor no bookes of Religion printed , nor be allowed to passe , unlesse certain men may please to approve , and give their allowance thereto , under their hands ; whether such do not by this practice , tell God , that unlesse hee will reveale his truth fitst to them , they will not suffer it to be published , & so not known to be ( even with him ) notwithstanding the Magistrate may and ought to hinder the printing and publishing of that which shall be against the safety and welfare of the State . But we must distinguish between matters civill and religious : wee question their power in the latter . Also , whether the Licencer setting his hand to the book to licence it , ( he being a Priest by his ordination and from the Pope ) be not the mark of the Beast , spoken of Revel. 13. 17 ? And whether all such as have gone to them to licence the truth ought not to repent of it , and do so no more ? Also whether these men be fit to be Licencers of the truth , who when the truth hath been tendered them to be licensed , they have confessed the truth of it , as they have been free to licence it ; but refused , because they durst not ? And whether it can be made appeare , that God hath revealed his truth first to these Ministers of England , and so the first spreaders of it ? Instance , who opposed the Prelats , the Ministers , or the people ; first ? And so of the rest . 9 Whether it be not the command of Christ , that the tares ( those that walk in lies ) and the wheat ( those that walk in the truth ) should be let alone ; and the blind ( led in a false Religion ) which are offended at the declaring of the truth , should be let alone ? Mat. 13. 30. 38. Mat. 15. 14 10 Whether hee was not reproved , that would have fire from heaven to devoure those that reject Christ , Luke 9. 54 , 55. 11 Whether the servants of the Lord are not forbidden to strive , but to be gentle towards all ? 2 Tim. 4. 2. 12 Whether the Saints weapons against errors , be carnall or no ? 2 Cor. 10. 4. 13 Whether it was not Christs command , that his Disciples when they were persecuted , they should pray ; and if cursed , blesse ? 14 Whether the Scriptures declare , that the Saints should persecute others ; and whether the gentle lambs of Christ can serve the Wolves so , seeing hee sent his as sheep among wolves , and not as wolves among sheep , to kill and imprison , Matth. 10. 16. 15 Whether Christ hath said , He will have an unwilling people compelled to serve him ? 16 Whether ever God did plant his Church by violence and blood-shed ? 17 Whether tares may not become wheat , and the blind see , and those that now oppose and resist Christ , afterwards receive him : and he that is now in the Divels snare , may get out , and come to repentance : and such as are Idolaters , as the Corinthians were , may become true worshippers , as they that are strangers may become Gods people ? 18 Whether to convert an heretick , and to cast out unclean spirits , be done any other way then by the finger of God , by the mighty power of the Spirit in the word ? 19 Whether he that is not conformable to Christ , may not at the same time bee a good subject to the State , and as profitable to it as any ? 20 Whether men that differ in Religion , may not be tollerated , seeing Abraham abode among the Canaanites along time ; yet contrary to them in religion , Genes . 13. 7. & 16. 13. and he sojourned in Gezer , and King Abimel●ch gave him leave to abide in his land , Gen. 20. 21. 23. 24. And Isaac dwelt in the same land , yet contrary in Religion Gen. 31. The people of Israel were about 430. yeares in Egypt , and afterwards in Babylon , all which time they differed in Religion from the State , Exod. 12. 2 Chron. 36. Christ and his Disciples differed from the common religion of the State , Acts 19. 20. and when the enemies of the truth raised up any tumults , the wisdom of the Magistrate most wisely appeased them , Acts 18. 14. & 19. 15. 21 Wether it be not better for us , that a patent were granted to monopolize all the corne and cloath , and to have it measured out unto us at their price and pleasure , which yet were intollerable ; as for some men to appoint and measure out unto us what and how much we shall beleeve and practice in matters of religion . 22. Whether there be not the same reason that they should bee appointed by us what they shall believe and practice in religion , as for them to doe so to us , seeing we can give as good grounds for what wee beleeve and practice ( as they can doe for what they would have ) if not better . 23 Whether men heretofore have not in zeale for religion , persecuted the Son of God , in stead of the son of perdition ? 24 Whether it is not a burden great enough for the Magistrate to govern and judge in civill causes , to preserve the subjects rights , peace and safety ? 25 If the Magistrate must judge and punish in matters of religion , the Magistrate must ever be troubled with such persons and such causes : & if after his conscience be convinced , he had no such power , or see that it was truth hee punished ; what horrors of conscience is he like to possesse ? 26 Whether hee is fit to appoint punishments , that is not fit to judge ? 27 If the Magistrate must punish errors in religion , whether it doth not impose a necessity that the Magistrate is to have a certainty of knowledge in all intricate cases ? and whether God calls such to that place , whom he hath not furnished with abilities for that place ? And if a Magistrate bee in darknesse , and spiritually blind , and dead ; bee fit to judge of light , of truth and error ? and whether such be fit for the place of the Magistracy ? then whether it be not a scruple to a tender conscience to submit to such in civill causes , because not appointed to that place by God ? whereas if the Magistrates power be onely civill , the doubt is resolved , because such as may be fit for Magistrates , and men ought in conscience in civil things to submit unto them . 28 Whether there bee any Scripture that saith , that any mans conscience is to be constrained , and whether the Magistrate can reach mens consciences ; and whether he be fit to make a law to conscience , who cannot know when conscience keeps it , and that cannot reward conscience for keeping it , nor punish the conscience for the breaking of it ? 29 Whether it be not in vain for us to have Bibles in English , if against our souls perswasions from the Scriptures we must beleeve as the Church beleeves ? 30 Whether the Magistrate be not wronged , to give him the Title of Civill Magistrate onely , if his power be spirituall ? 31 Whether lawes made meerly concerning spirituall things , be not spirituall also ? 32 Whether if no civill law be broken , the civil peace be hurt or no ? 33 Whether in compulsion for conscience , not onely the guilty , but the innocent suffer also ? As if the husband be an heretick , his sufferings may cause the innocent wife and children shall suffer as deeply also . 34 Whether such as are spiritually dead , be capable to be spiritually infected ? 35 Whether God will accept of a painted Sepulcher , a shadow , a meere complement of obedience , when the heart is dead and rotten , and hates God , and all that is good ? God hath no need of hypocrites ; much lesse of forced ones : God will have those to worship him as can worship him in spirit and truth , John 4. 36 Whether the Scriptures appoint any other punishment to be inflicted upon Heretickes , then rejection and excommunication ? Tit. 3. 10. 37 Whether freedome of conscience would not joyn all sorts of persons to the Magistrate , because each shared in the benefit ? 38 Whether those States ( as the Low-Countries , ) who grant such liberty , do not live quietly , and flourish in great prosperity ? 39 Whether persecution for Conscience doe not harden men in their way , and make them cry out of oppression and tyranny ? 40 Whether some Corporall punishments would not make thousands in England face about to Popery , as it did in Queen Maries time . 41 Whether lawes made concerning religion , have not alwayes catched the most holy men ; witnesse Daniel and the three children : the rest will be of what religion you will . 42 Whether the Saints crave the help of the powers of this world to bring Christ to them , or feare their powers to keep him from them ? 43 If no Religion is to be practised , but that which the Common-wealth shall approve on : what if they will approve of no Religion ? shal men have no Religion at all ? 44 Whether the Saints ought not to continue their Assemblies of their worship of God , without , or against the consent of the Magistrates ; they being commanded to do so , Mal. 28. 18 , 19 , 20. Heb. 10. 25. By an Angel from God , Acts 5. 20. It was the Apostles practice ( who were not rebellious nor seditious ) Act. 4. 18 , 19 , 20 , 23. and 5. 22 , 28. 45 Whether Vniformity in Religion in the State , do not oppresse millions of soules , and impoverish the Saints bodies . 46 Whether Gods people have not disputed and taught a Religion new and worship , contrary to the State they lived in , and spread it in travelling and open places ; as appears Act. 17. 2. 17. and 18. 48. yet no origancy and impetuousnesse . Yea , contrary to publike authority in the Nations Vniformity , in false worship , Dan. 3. the three children ; so the Apostle , Act. 4 , 5. The Saints have opēly witnessed , that in matters spirituall , Jesus was King , Act. 17 7. and for this Christ suffered ; as appeares by his accusation , Iohn 9. 19. Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews , Psal. 2. 6. Act. 2. 36. Gods People have seemed the disturbers of the civill State , upon the Apostles preaching , there followed uprores , and Tumults , and uprores , at Iconium , at Ephesus , at Ierusalem , Act. 14. 4. Act. 19. 29 , 40 , Act. 21 , 30 , 31. 47 Whether Jesus Christ , appointed any materiall Prisons for Blasphemers of him ? Whether notwithstanding the confidence of the truth they have , to which they would force others , whether the Bishops , their Fathers , &c. have not been as deeply mistaken ; for now they , are found to be Antichristian . 48 Whether it be not a natural Law for every man that liveth , to worship that wch he thinketh is God , & as he thinketh he ought to worship ; and to force otherwise , will be concluded an oppression of those persons so forced . Whether it be best for us to put out our eyes , and see by the eyes of others who are as dim-sighted ? In my judgment , your judgment is a lye : will ye compell me to believe a lye ? compell ye a man to be present at a worship which he loaths ? 49 Either the Civill , or the Spiritual State must be supream : which of these must judge the other in spirituall matters ? if the Magistrate , then he is above the Church , and so the head of the Church ; and he hath his power from the People : ( to govern the Church ) whether it will not follow , that the People , as a People , have originally as men a power to governe the Church , to see her do her duty , to reform & correct her ; and so the Spouse of Christ , the wife of Christ must be corrected according to the pleasure of the world , who lye in wickednesse ? 1 Iohn 5. What power a Church hath over a Magistrate , if he be a Member of the Church : if members , they may be excommunicated , if so discerning . Reason 1. Because Magistrates must be subject to Christ , but Christ censures all offendors , 1 Cor. 5. 4 , 5. 2. Every brother must be subject to Christs censure , Mat. 18. 15 , 16 , 17. but Magistrates are Brethren , Deut. 17. 15. 3. They may censure all within the Church , 1 Cor. 5. 12. 4. The Church hath a charge of all the souls of the Church , and must give account of it , Heb. 13. 17. 5. Christs censures are for the good of soules 1 Cor. 5. 6. but Magistrates must not be denied any priviledge for their soules , else they by being Magistrates , should lose a priviledge of Christs . 6. In which priviledges , Christians are all one , Gal. 2. 28. Col. 3. 11. Sins of Magistrates are hatefull and condemned , Esay 10. 1. Mich. 3. 1. It s a Paradox , that a Magistrate may be punished by the Church , and yet that they are Judges of the Church . 50 Whether every man upon that Religion , which in his conscience he is perswaded is true , whether he doth not upon the truth thereof venter his soule . If that Religion the Magistrate , be perswaded be true , he owes a three-fold duty . First , Approbation , Esa 49. Rev. 21. with a tender respect to the truth , and the Professors of it . Secondly , Personall submission of his soule to the power of Jesus his government , Matth. 18. 1 Cor. 5. Thirdly , protection of them , and their estates from violence and injury , Rom. 13. to a false Religion he owes . 1. Permission ( for approbation he owes not to what is evill ) as Mat. 13. 30. for publike peace and quietnesse . 2. Protection of the Persons of his subjects ( though of a false worship ) that no injury be offered to the persons or goods of any , Rom. 13. Object . The Kings of Inda compelled men to serve the Lord . ergo , Kings may now compell , &c. Answ . They who lived under the Jewish worship only were compelled , strangers were not . Secondly , they were not compelled to any thing , but what they knew and confessed was their duty , 2 Chron. 16. 12 , 13 , 14 , 15. Thirdly , if they did compell , their actions were not morall to obliege other Kings to doe so . May not the Prelates by the same reason alleadge the Order of the Priest-hood for their Episcopacy , as you for the Kingly . Fourthly , the Kings of Israel did not imprison Schismatikes , Pharices , Herodians , &c. Fifthly , the Kings of Israel had extraordinary profits to direct them what to do infallibly ; these Kings have none such to direct them . Sixthly , If the Law be morall ; where is it set down in Christs Testament ( which is to be our Rule ) that the Magistrate shall compell all to his Religion : for to another he will not . Object . Then every man may live as he list . Answ . Had not he as good live as he list ; as live as you list ? Object . Then it seemes errours may be suffered . Answ . If truth may be suffered also , it will prevaile against Errors . It s no more in their power to hinder Errors , then it was in the power of the Prelates to hinder mens preaching writing , and speaking against them . If you can hinder Sathans suggestions , and the vain imaginations of mens hearts , and expell the darknesse in men , and place light in stead thereof , and hinder men from speaking each to other ; then you can suppresse erors ▪ else not , the Lord only can surprise Errors by the mighty power of his spirit with his word , and we believe he will certainly do it in his time to his glory , and the comfort of his people amen . One thing more I desire to know why the Priests of England asume to themselves the title of a ( Divine ) is it because they are exercised in Divine truths , or because they pertake of the Divine nature , or both , if so , then many Tradesmen may as well have the title of Divine given them as well as they because they pertake of the Divine nature , and are as much exercised in matters Divine , as the most of them , but it is a question to me , whether the title Divine is to be given to any man , but only to God alone ; whose being , is onely Divine . FINIS Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A91790e-160 Cor. 1. 9.