The case of the allegiance due to soveraign powers further consider'd, and defended with a more particular respect to the doctrine of non-resistance and passive-obedience : together with a seasonable perswasive to our New Dissenters / by Will. Sherlock ...
         Sherlock, William, 1641?-1707.
      
       
         
           1691
        
      
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             The case of the allegiance due to soveraign powers further consider'd, and defended with a more particular respect to the doctrine of non-resistance and passive-obedience : together with a seasonable perswasive to our New Dissenters / by Will. Sherlock ...
             Sherlock, William, 1641?-1707.
          
           [3], 27, [1] p.
           
             Printed for W. Rogers,
             London :
             1691.
          
           
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           Divine right of kings.
           Allegiance -- Great Britain.
           Great Britain -- History -- William and Mary, 1689-1702.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           CASE
           OF
           THE
           ALLEGIANCE
           DUE
           TO
           Soveraign
           Powers
           ,
           Further
           Consider'd
           ,
           and
           DEFENDED
           :
           WITH
           A
           more
           particular
           Respect
           to
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           NON-RESISTANCE
           and
           PASSIVE-OBEDIENCE
           .
        
         
           TOGETHER
           ,
           With
           a
           Seasonable
           Perswasive
           to
           our
           New
           Dissenters
           .
        
         
           By
           
             WILL.
             SHERLOCK
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           Master
           of
           the
           Temple
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             W.
             Rogers
          
           ,
           1691.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           D
           R.
           Sherlock's
           DEFENCE
           OF
           HIS
           CASE
           of
           ALLEGIANCE
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
         
         
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           CASE
           OF
           THE
           ALLEGIANCE
           DUE
           TO
           Soveraign
           Powers
           ,
           DEFENDED
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           THere
           is
           nothing
           more
           evident
           ,
           than
           that
           GOD
           set
           up
           a
           Supreme
           and
           Soveraign
           Power
           in
           the
           Jewish
           Nation
           ,
           as
           could
           not
           ,
           and
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           resisted
           by
           the
           Fundamental
           Laws
           of
           their
           Government
           ;
           not
           that
           the
           Supreme
           and
           Soveraign
           Power
           is
           alwaies
           to
           be
           in
           a
           single
           Person
           ,
           but
           that
           where-ever
           it
           is
           ,
           it
           is
           irresistible
           ;
           and
           that
           whenever
           this
           Supreme
           Power
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Nation
           is
           invested
           in
           a
           single
           person
           ,
           such
           a
           Prince
           must
           not
           ,
           upon
           any
           Pretence
           whatsoever
           ,
           be
           resisted
           .
        
         
           To
           prove
           this
           ,
           I
           shall
           begin
           with
           Examples
           out
           of
           the
           Old
           Testament
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Governour
           God
           set
           over
           the
           Children
           of
           Israel
           ,
           when
           he
           brought
           them
           out
           of
           the
           Land
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           was
           Moses
           ;
           and
           I
           think
           I
           need
           not
           prove
           how
           sacred
           and
           irresistible
           his
           
           Authority
           was
           .
           This
           is
           sufficiently
           evident
           in
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           
             Korah
             ,
             Dathan
          
           ,
           and
           Abiram
           ,
           against
           Moses
           and
           Aaron
           ,
           when
           God
           caused
           the
           Earth
           to
           open
           her
           Mouth
           and
           swallow
           them
           up
           ,
           Numb
           .
           16.
           
           And
           least
           this
           should
           be
           thought
           an
           extraordinary
           cafe
           ,
           Moses
           and
           Aaron
           being
           ●xtraordinary
           persons
           ,
           immediately
           appointed
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           governed
           by
           his
           immediate
           Direction
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           St.
           Jude
           alledges
           this
           Example
           against
           those
           in
           his
           daies
           ,
           who
           were
           turbulent
           and
           factious
           ,
           who
           despised
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           spake
           evil
           of
           Dignities
           ,
           Jud.
           v.
           11.
           which
           he
           could
           not
           have
           done
           ,
           had
           not
           this
           Example
           extended
           to
           all
           ordinary
           as
           well
           as
           extraordinary
           Cases
           ;
           had
           it
           not
           been
           a
           lasting
           Testimony
           of
           God's
           Displeasure
           against
           all
           those
           who
           oppose
           themselves
           against
           the
           Soveraign
           Powers
           .
           But
           Moses
           was
           not
           alwaies
           to
           rule
           over
           them
           ,
           and
           therefore
           God
           expresly
           provides
           for
           a
           Succ●ssion
           of
           Soveraign
           Powers
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           must
           all
           submit
           .
           The
           ordinary
           Soveraign
           Power
           of
           the
           Jewish
           Nation
           aft●r
           
           Moses's
           death
           ,
           was
           devolved
           either
           on
           the
           High
           Priest
           ,
           or
           those
           extraordinary
           persons
           ,
           whom
           God
           was
           pleased
           to
           raise
           up
           ,
           such
           as
           Joshua
           ,
           and
           the
           several
           Judges
           ,
           till
           in
           
           Samuel's
           days
           it
           settled
           in
           their
           Kings
           .
           For
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           Jewish
           Sanhedrim
           ,
           whose
           Power
           is
           so
           much
           extolled
           by
           the
           Jewish
           Writers
           ,
           who
           are
           all
           of
           a
           late
           date
           ,
           many
           years
           since
           the
           destruction
           of
           Jerusalem
           ,
           and
           therefore
           no
           competent
           Witnesses
           of
           what
           was
           done
           so
           many
           Ages
           before
           ;
           it
           does
           not
           appear
           from
           any
           Testimony
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           any
           such
           Court
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           till
           after
           their
           return
           from
           the
           Babylonish
           Captivity
           .
        
         
           But
           yet
           God
           took
           care
           to
           secure
           the
           Peace
           and
           good
           Government
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           by
           appointing
           such
           a
           Power
           as
           should
           receive
           the
           last
           Appeals
           ,
           and
           whose
           Sentence
           in
           all
           Controversies
           should
           be
           final
           and
           uncontroulable
           ;
           as
           you
           may
           see
           in
           the
           17th
           .
           of
           Deut
           8
           ,
           9
           ,
           10
           ,
           11
           ,
           12.
           ver
           .
           There
           were
           inferiour
           Magistrates
           and
           Judges
           appointed
           in
           their
           several
           Tribes
           and
           Cities
           ,
           which
           Moses
           did
           by
           the
           advice
           of
           Jeth●o
           his
           Father-in-law
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           approbation
           of
           God
           ,
           Exod.
           18.
           
           But
           as
           the
           Supreme
           Power
           was
           still
           reserved
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           Moses
           ,
           while
           he
           lived
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           here
           secured
           to
           the
           High
           Priest
           or
           Judges
           after
           his
           death
           ;
           for
           ,
           it
           is
           expresly
           appointed
           ,
           That
           if
           those
           inferiour
           Judges
           could
           not
           determine
           the
           Controversie
           ,
           they
           should
           come
           unto
           the
           Priests
           and
           Levites
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           Priests
           of
           
           the
           Tribe
           of
           Levi
           ,
           (
           who
           by
           the
           12.
           ver
           .
           appears
           only
           to
           be
           the
           
             High
             Priests
             )
             ●nd
             to
             the
             Judge
             that
             shall
             be
             in
             those
             days
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           if
           it
           shall
           be
           at
           such
           a
           time
           ,
           when
           there
           is
           an
           extraordinary
           Judge
           raised
           by
           God
           (
           for
           there
           were
           not
           alwaies
           such
           Judges
           in
           Israel
           ;
           as
           is
           evide●t
           to
           any
           one
           who
           reads
           the
           Book
           of
           Judges
           )
           and
           of
           them
           they
           should
           enquire
           ,
           
             and
             they
             shall
             sh●w
             the
             sentence
             of
             judgment
             ,
             and
             thou
             shalt
             do
             according
             to
             the
             sentence
             which
             they
             of
             that
             place
             (
             which
             the
             Lord
             shall
             chu●●
             )
             shall
             shew
             thee
             ;
             and
             thou
             shalt
             observe
             to
             do
             according
             to
             all
             they
             shall
             inform
             thee
             .
          
        
         
           Where
           the
           Place
           which
           God
           shall
           chuse
           ,
           signifies
           the
           Place
           which
           he
           should
           appoint
           for
           the
           Ark
           of
           the
           Covenant
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           
             L●vitic●l
             Worship
          
           ;
           which
           was
           the
           place
           where
           the
           High
           Priest
           ,
           and
           the
           
             chief
             Judge
          
           or
           Ruler
           of
           Israel
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           any
           such
           person
           ,
           had
           their
           ordinary
           residence
           ;
           which
           was
           first
           at
           Shilo
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           at
           Jerusalem
           .
        
         
           The
           Authority
           of
           the
           chief
           Priests
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Judge
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           one
           ,
           in
           those
           days
           ,
           was
           as
           absolute
           Authority
           as
           the
           most
           absolute
           Monarch
           in
           the
           World
           can
           challenge
           ,
           v.
           12.
           
           That
           Disobedience
           to
           their
           last
           &
           final
           Determination
           ,
           whatever
           the
           cause
           be
           ,
           shall
           be
           punisht
           with
           Death
           :
           And
           what
           place
           can
           there
           be
           for
           Resistance
           in
           such
           a
           Constitution
           of
           Government
           as
           this
           ?
           It
           is
           said
           indeed
           ,
           in
           v.
           11.
           
             according
             to
             the
             sentence
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             which
             they
             shall
             teach
             thee
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             the
             judgment
             that
             they
             shall
             tell
             thee
             ,
             thou
             shalt
             do
             .
          
           And
           hence
           some
           conclude
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           bound
           to
           abide
           by
           their
           Sentence
           ,
           nor
           were
           punishable
           if
           they
           did
           not
           ,
           but
           only
           in
           such
           cases
           ,
           when
           they
           gave
           Sentence
           according
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           God.
           But
           these
           Men
           do
           not
           consider
           ,
           that
           the
           matter
           in
           controversie
           is
           supposed
           to
           be
           doubtful
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           could
           not
           be
           determined
           by
           the
           
             inferiour
             Courts
          
           ,
           and
           therefore
           is
           submitted
           to
           the
           decision
           of
           the
           
             Supreme
             Judge
          
           ,
           and
           as
           he
           determined
           ,
           so
           they
           must
           do
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           ,
           under
           the
           penalty
           of
           Death
           ,
           must
           presume
           to
           do
           otherwise
           :
           Which
           takes
           away
           all
           liberty
           of
           judging
           from
           private
           persons
           ,
           though
           this
           
             Supreme
             Judge
          
           might
           possibly
           mistake
           in
           his
           Judgment
           ,
           as
           all
           
             human
             Judicatures
          
           are
           liable
           to
           mistakes
           ;
           but
           it
           seems
           God
           Almighty
           thought
           it
           necessary
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           be
           some
           final
           Judgment
           ,
           from
           whence
           there
           should
           be
           no
           Appeal
           ,
           notwithstanding
           the
           possibility
           of
           a
           ●istake
           in
           it
           .
        
         
         
           So
           that
           there
           was
           a
           Supreme
           and
           Soveraign
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           unaccountable
           and
           irresistable
           Power
           in
           the
           Jewish
           Nation
           appointed
           by
           God
           himself
           ;
           for
           indeed
           it
           is
           not
           possible
           that
           the
           publick
           Peace
           and
           Security
           of
           any
           Nation
           should
           be
           preserved
           without
           it
           .
           And
           I
           think
           it
           is
           as
           plain
           ,
           That
           when
           the
           Jews
           would
           have
           a
           King
           ,
           their
           Kings
           were
           invested
           with
           this
           supreme
           and
           
             irresistible
             Power
          
           ;
           for
           when
           they
           desired
           a
           King
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           desire
           a
           meer
           nominal
           and
           
             titular
             King
          
           ,
           but
           
             a
             King
             to
             judge
             them
          
           ,
           and
           
             to
             go
             out
             before
             them
             ,
             and
             fight
             their
             Battels
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           a
           King
           who
           had
           the
           Supreme
           and
           Soveraign
           Authority
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           8.6
           ,
           19
           ,
           20.
           a
           King
           who
           should
           have
           all
           that
           Power
           of
           Government
           ,
           excepting
           the
           peculiar
           Acts
           of
           the
           Priestly
           Office
           ,
           which
           either
           their
           High
           Priest
           or
           their
           Judges
           had
           before
           .
        
         
           And
           therefore
           ,
           when
           Samuel
           tells
           them
           what
           shall
           be
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           
             King
             ,
             v.
          
           11.
           though
           what
           he
           saies
           does
           necessarily
           suppose
           the
           translation
           of
           the
           soveraign
           and
           
             irresistible
             Power
          
           to
           the
           Person
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           yet
           it
           does
           not
           suppose
           that
           the
           King
           had
           any
           New
           Power
           given
           him
           ,
           more
           than
           what
           was
           exercised
           formerly
           by
           their
           Priests
           and
           Judges
           .
           He
           does
           not
           deterr
           them
           from
           chusing
           a
           King
           ,
           because
           a
           King
           should
           have
           greater
           Power
           ,
           and
           be
           more
           unaccountable
           and
           irresistible
           than
           their
           other
           Rulers
           were
           ;
           for
           Samuel
           himself
           had
           had
           as
           soveraign
           and
           irresistible
           a
           Power
           as
           any
           Ki●g
           ,
           being
           the
           Supreme
           Judge
           in
           Israel
           ,
           whose
           Sentence
           no
           man
           could
           disobey
           or
           contradict
           ,
           but
           he
           incurred
           the
           Penalty
           of
           Death
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           
             Mosaical
             Law.
          
           But
           the
           reason
           why
           he
           dissuades
           them
           from
           chusing
           a
           King
           ,
           was
           because
           the
           external
           Pomp
           and
           Magnificence
           of
           Kings
           was
           like
           to
           be
           very
           chargeable
           and
           oppressive
           to
           them
           .
           
             He
             will
             take
             your
             Sons
             ,
             and
             appoint
             them
             for
             himself
             ,
             for
             his
             Chariots
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             his
             Horsemen
             ,
             and
             some
             shall
             run
             before
             his
             Chariots
             .
             And
             he
             will
             appoint
             him
             Captains
             over
             thousands
             ,
             and
             Captains
             ov●r
             fif●ies
             ,
             and
             will
             set
             them
             to
             ear
             his
             Ground
             ,
             and
             to
             reap
             his
             Harvest
             .
          
           And
           thus
           in
           several
           particulars
           he
           acquaints
           them
           what
           Burthens
           and
           Exactions
           they
           will
           bring
           upon
           themselves
           by
           setting
           up
           a
           King
           ,
           which
           they
           were
           then
           free
           from
           :
           And
           if
           any
           Prince
           should
           be
           excessive
           in
           such
           Exactions
           ,
           yet
           they
           had
           no
           way
           to
           help
           themselves
           :
           They
           must
           not
           resist
           ,
           nor
           rebel
           against
           him
           ,
           nor
           expect
           ,
           that
           what
           Inconvenience
           they
           might
           find
           in
           Kingly
           Government
           ,
           God
           would
           
             relieve
             and
             deliver
             them
             from
             it
             ,
             when
             once
             they
             had
             chose
             a
             King
             :
             Ye
             shall
             cry
             out
             in
             that
             day
             ,
             because
             of
             your
             King
             which
             
             ye
             have
             chosen
             you
             ,
             and
             the
             Lord
             will
             not
             hear
             you
             in
             that
             day
             ,
          
           v.
           18.
           
           That
           is
           ,
           God
           will
           not
           alter
           the
           Government
           for
           you
           again
           ,
           how
           much
           soever
           you
           may
           complain
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           This
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           is
           a
           plain
           Proof
           that
           there
           Kings
           were
           invested
           with
           that
           Soveraign
           Power
           which
           must
           not
           be
           resisted
           ,
           though
           they
           oppress
           their
           Subjects
           to
           maintain
           their
           own
           State
           ,
           and
           the
           Grandeur
           and
           Magnificence
           of
           their
           Kingdom
           .
           But
           I
           cannot
           think
           that
           these
           words
           contain
           the
           Original
           Grant
           and
           Charter
           of
           Regal
           Power
           ,
           but
           only
           the
           translation
           of
           that
           Power
           which
           was
           formerly
           in
           their
           
             High
             Priests
          
           or
           Judges
           ,
           to
           Kings
           .
           Kings
           had
           no
           more
           Power
           than
           their
           other
           Governours
           had
           ;
           for
           there
           can
           be
           no
           Power
           greater
           than
           that
           which
           is
           irresistible
           ;
           but
           th●s
           Power
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           Kings
           was
           likely
           to
           be
           more
           burthensome
           and
           oppressive
           to
           them
           ,
           than
           it
           was
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           their
           Priests
           and
           Judges
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           different
           way
           of
           living
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           only
           Argument
           Samuel
           uses
           to
           dissuade
           them
           from
           transferring
           the
           Supreme
           and
           
             Soveraign
             Power
          
           to
           Princes
           .
           And
           therefore
           I
           rather
           chuse
           to
           translate
           Mishpat
           ,
           as
           our
           Translators
           do
           ,
           by
           
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             King
          
           ,
           than
           as
           other
           learn●d
           men
           do
           ,
           by
           the
           right
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           thereby
           understanding
           the
           Original
           Charter
           of
           Kingly
           Power
           :
           for
           it
           is
           not
           a
           Regal
           Power
           which
           Samuel
           here
           blames
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           other
           but
           the
           very
           same
           which
           he
           himself
           had
           ,
           while
           he
           was
           Supreme
           
             Judge
             of
             Israel
          
           ;
           but
           their
           pompous
           way
           of
           living
           ,
           which
           would
           prove
           very
           oppressive
           and
           burthensome
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           b●
           apt
           to
           make
           them
           complain
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           been
           used
           to
           such
           Exactions
           .
        
         
           Let
           us
           now
           proceed
           to
           consider
           ,
           how
           sacred
           and
           irresistible
           the
           Persons
           and
           Authority
           of
           Kings
           were
           under
           the
           
             Jewish
             Government
          
           ;
           and
           there
           cannot
           be
           a
           plainer
           Example
           of
           this
           ,
           than
           in
           the
           Case
           of
           David
           .
           He
           was
           himself
           anointed
           to
           be
           
             King
             after
             Saul's
             death
          
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           was
           grievously
           persecuted
           by
           Saul
           ,
           pursued
           from
           one
           place
           to
           another
           ,
           with
           a
           design
           to
           take
           away
           his
           Life
           .
           How
           now
           does
           David
           behave
           himself
           in
           this
           extremity
           ?
           What
           course
           does
           he
           take
           to
           secure
           himself
           from
           Saul
           ?
           Why
           ,
           he
           takes
           the
           only
           course
           that
           is
           left
           a
           Subject
           ;
           he
           flies
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           hides
           himself
           from
           Saul
           in
           the
           Mountains
           and
           Caves
           of
           the
           Wilderness
           ;
           and
           when
           he
           found
           he
           was
           discovered
           in
           one
           place
           ,
           he
           removes
           to
           another
           :
           He
           kept
           Spies
           upon
           Saul
           ,
           to
           observe
           his
           motions
           ,
           not
           that
           he
           might
           meet
           him
           to
           give
           him
           Battel
           ,
           or
           to
           take
           him
           at
           an
           advantage
           ,
           but
           that
           
           he
           might
           keep
           out
           of
           his
           way
           ,
           and
           not
           fall
           unawares
           into
           his
           hands
           .
        
         
           Well
           ,
           but
           this
           wa●
           no
           thanks
           to
           David
           ,
           because
           he
           could
           do
           no
           otherwise
           .
           He
           was
           too
           weak
           for
           Saul
           ,
           and
           not
           able
           to
           stand
           against
           him
           ;
           and
           therefore
           he
           had
           no
           other
           Remedy
           but
           Flight
           .
           But
           yet
           we
           must
           consider
           ,
           that
           David
           was
           a
           Man
           of
           War
           ,
           he
           slew
           Goliah
           ,
           and
           fought
           the
           Battels
           of
           Israel
           with
           great
           success
           ;
           he
           was
           an
           admired
           and
           beloved
           Captain
           ,
           which
           made
           Saul
           so
           jealous
           of
           him
           ;
           the
           Eyes
           of
           Israel
           were
           upon
           him
           for
           their
           next
           King
           ,
           and
           how
           easily
           might
           he
           have
           raised
           a
           potent
           and
           formidable
           Rebellion
           against
           Saul
           !
           But
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           this
           ,
           that
           he
           invites
           no
           man
           to
           his
           assistance
           ;
           and
           when
           some
           came
           uninvited
           ,
           he
           made
           no
           use
           of
           them
           in
           an
           offensive
           or
           defensive
           War
           against
           Saul
           .
           Nay
           ,
           when
           God
           delivered
           Saul
           two
           several
           times
           into
           
           David's
           hands
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           as
           easily
           have
           killed
           him
           ,
           as
           have
           
             cut
             off
             the
             skirts
             of
             his
             garment
             at
          
           Engedi
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           24.
           or
           as
           have
           
             taken
             that
             spear
             away
             which
             stuck
             in
             the
             ground
             at
             his
             bolster
             ,
             as
             he
             did
             in
             the
             hill
             of
          
           Hachilah
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           26.
           
           Yet
           he
           would
           neither
           touch
           Saul
           himself
           ,
           nor
           suffer
           any
           of
           the
           People
           that
           were
           with
           him
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           very
           importunate
           with
           him
           for
           liberty
           to
           kill
           Saul
           ;
           nay
           ,
           though
           they
           urged
           him
           with
           an
           Argument
           from
           Providence
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           a
           plain
           Evidence
           that
           it
           was
           the
           will
           of
           God
           that
           he
           should
           kill
           Saul
           ,
           because
           God
           had
           now
           delivered
           his
           Enemy
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           promise
           He
           had
           made
           to
           David
           ▪
           1
           Sam.
           24.4.26
           .
           
             ch
             .
             ver
          
           .
           8.
           
           We
           know
           what
           use
           some
           men
           have
           made
           of
           this
           Argument
           of
           Providence
           ,
           to
           justifie
           all
           the
           Villanies
           they
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           act
           :
           but
           David
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           did
           not
           think
           that
           an
           opportunity
           of
           doing
           evil
           ,
           gave
           him
           license
           and
           authority
           to
           do
           it
           .
           Opportunity
           ,
           we
           say
           ,
           makes
           a
           Thief
           ,
           and
           it
           makes
           a
           Rebel
           ,
           and
           it
           makes
           a
           Murderer
           .
           No
           man
           can
           do
           any
           Wickedness
           ,
           which
           he
           has
           no
           opportunity
           of
           doing
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           puts
           such
           opportunities
           into
           Mens
           hands
           ,
           justifies
           the
           wick●dness
           they
           commit
           ,
           no
           man
           can
           be
           chargeable
           with
           any
           Guilt
           whatever
           he
           does
           ;
           and
           certainly
           opportunity
           will
           as
           soon
           justifie
           any
           other
           Sin
           as
           Rebellion
           ,
           and
           the
           Murder
           of
           Princes
           .
           We
           are
           to
           learn
           our
           Duty
           from
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           ,
           not
           from
           his
           Providence
           ;
           at
           least
           ,
           this
           must
           be
           a
           settled
           Principle
           ,
           that
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           will
           never
           justifie
           any
           action
           which
           this
           Law
           forbids
           .
        
         
         
           And
           therefore
           ,
           notwithstanding
           this
           opportunity
           which
           God
           had
           put
           into
           his
           hands
           to
           destroy
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           the
           Crown
           for
           his
           Reward
           ,
           David
           considers
           his
           Duty
           ,
           remembers
           ,
           that
           though
           Saul
           were
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           that
           very
           unjustly
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           the
           
             Lord's
             Anointed
             .
             The
             Lord
             forbid
             ,
          
           saies
           he
           ,
           
             that
             I
             should
             do
             this
             unto
             my
             Master
             ,
             the
             Lord
             's
             Anointed
             ,
             to
             stretch
             forth
             my
             hand
             against
             him
             ,
             seeing
             he
             is
             the
             Lord
             's
             Anointed
             .
          
           Nay
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           taking
           away
           his
           Life
           ,
           that
           his
           Heart
           smote
           him
           for
           cutting
           off
           the
           Skirt
           of
           his
           Garment
           .
           And
           we
           ought
           to
           observe
           the
           Reason
           David
           gives
           ,
           why
           he
           durst
           not
           hurt
           Saul
           ,
           Because
           he
           was
           the
           Lord's
           Anointed
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           very
           Reason
           the
           Apostle
           gives
           in
           the
           13.
           
           Rom.
           12.
           
           
             Because
             the
             Powers
             are
             ordained
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             he
             that
             resisteth
             the
             Power
             ,
             resisteth
             the
             ordinance
             of
             God.
          
           For
           to
           be
           anointed
           of
           God
           ,
           signifies
           no
           more
           ,
           than
           that
           he
           was
           made
           King
           by
           God.
           Thus
           Josephus
           expounds
           beinganointed
           by
           God
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           one
           who
           had
           the
           Kingdom
           bestowed
           on
           him
           by
           God
           ;
           and
           in
           another
           place
           ,
           One
           who
           was
           ordained
           by
           God
           :
           For
           it
           seems
           by
           this
           Phrase
           ,
           he
           looked
           upon
           the
           external
           Ceremony
           of
           Anointing
           ,
           to
           be
           like
           Imposition
           of
           Hands
           ,
           which
           in
           other
           cases
           consecrated
           Persons
           to
           peculiar
           Offices
           :
           For
           this
           external
           Unction
           was
           only
           a
           visible
           sign
           of
           God's
           designation
           of
           them
           to
           such
           an
           Office
           ;
           and
           when
           that
           was
           plain
           ,
           they
           were
           as
           much
           
             God's
             Anointed
          
           without
           this
           visible
           Unction
           as
           with
           it
           .
           Cyrus
           is
           called
           God's
           Anointed
           ,
           though
           he
           never
           was
           anointed
           by
           any
           Prophet
           ,
           but
           only
           designed
           for
           his
           Kingdom
           by
           Prophecy
           ,
           45.
           
           Isa.
           1.
           
           And
           we
           never
           read
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           that
           any
           Kings
           had
           this
           external
           Unction
           ,
           who
           succeeded
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           by
           right
           of
           Inheritance
           ,
           unless
           the
           Title
           and
           Succession
           were
           doubtful
           ;
           and
           yet
           they
           were
           the
           Lord
           's
           Anointed
           too
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           were
           placed
           in
           the
           Throne
           by
           him
           .
           So
           that
           this
           is
           an
           eternal
           Reason
           against
           resisting
           ▪
           
             Soveraign
             Princes
          
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           set
           up
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           invested
           with
           his
           Authority
           ,
           and
           therefore
           their
           Persons
           and
           Authority
           are
           sacred
           .
        
         
           But
           yet
           there
           are
           some
           men
           ,
           who
           from
           the
           example
           of
           David
           ,
           think
           they
           can
           prove
           the
           lawfulness
           of
           a
           defensive
           ,
           though
           not
           an
           offensive
           War.
           For
           David
           ,
           when
           he
           fled
           from
           Saul
           ,
           made
           himself
           Captain
           of
           four
           hundred
           men
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           22.2
           .
           which
           number
           soon
           encreased
           to
           six
           hundred
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           23.13
           .
           
           and
           still
           every
           day
           encreased
           by
           new
           additions
           ,
           1
           Chron.
           12.1
           .
           Now
           ,
           why
           should
           he
           entertain
           these
           men
           ,
           but
           to
           defend
           himself
           against
           the
           Forces
           of
           Saul
           ?
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           defensive
           War
           whenever
           he
           was
           assaulted
           by
           him
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           In
           answer
           to
           this
           ,
           I
           obs●rve
           ,
           That
           David
           invited
           none
           of
           these
           men
           after
           him
           ,
           but
           they
           came
           Voluntiers
           after
           a
           beloved
           Captain
           and
           General
           ;
           which
           shews
           how
           formidable
           he
           could
           have
           made
           himself
           ▪
           when
           such
           numbers
           resorted
           to
           him
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           When
           he
           had
           them
           ,
           he
           never
           used
           them
           for
           any
           Hostile
           Acts
           against
           Saul
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           his
           Forces
           ;
           he
           never
           stood
           his
           ground
           ,
           when
           he
           heard
           Saul
           was
           coming
           ,
           but
           alwaies
           fled
           ,
           and
           his
           Men
           with
           him
           ;
           Men
           who
           were
           never
           used
           to
           flee
           ,
           and
           were
           very
           ready
           to
           have
           served
           him
           against
           Saul
           himself
           ,
           would
           he
           have
           permitted
           them
           .
           And
           ,
           I
           suppose
           they
           will
           not
           call
           this
           a
           Defensive
           War
           ,
           to
           flie
           before
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           to
           hide
           themselves
           in
           Caves
           and
           Mountains
           ;
           and
           yet
           this
           was
           the
           only
           Defensive
           War
           which
           David
           made
           with
           all
           his
           Men
           about
           him
           :
           Nay
           ,
           all
           that
           he
           would
           make
           ,
           according
           to
           his
           professed
           Principles
           ,
           
             That
             it
             was
             not
             lawful
             to
             stretch
             out
             his
             hand
             against
             the
             Lord
             's
             Anointed
             .
          
           And
           when
           these
           men
           are
           pursued
           ,
           as
           David
           was
           ,
           by
           an
           inraged
           and
           jealous
           Prince
           ,
           we
           will
           not
           charge
           them
           with
           Rebellion
           ,
           though
           they
           flie
           before
           him
           by
           thousands
           in
           company
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Yet
           there
           was
           sufficient
           reason
           why
           David
           should
           entertain
           these
           men
           ,
           who
           voluntarily
           resorted
           to
           him
           ,
           though
           he
           never
           intended
           to
           use
           them
           against
           Saul
           :
           for
           some
           of
           them
           served
           for
           Spies
           ,
           to
           observe
           
           Saul's
           motions
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           be
           surprized
           by
           him
           ,
           but
           have
           timely
           notice
           to
           make
           his
           escape
           .
           And
           the
           very
           presence
           of
           such
           a
           number
           of
           men
           about
           him
           ,
           without
           any
           hostile
           act
           ,
           preserved
           him
           from
           being
           seized
           on
           by
           some
           officious
           persons
           ,
           who
           otherwise
           might
           have
           delivered
           him
           into
           
           Saul's
           hands
           .
           And
           he
           being
           anointed
           by
           Samuel
           to
           be
           King
           after
           
           Saul's
           death
           ,
           this
           was
           the
           first
           Step
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           have
           such
           a
           Retinue
           of
           valiant
           Men
           about
           him
           ;
           which
           made
           his
           advancement
           to
           the
           Throne
           more
           easie
           ,
           and
           discouraged
           any
           opposition
           which
           might
           otherwise
           been
           made
           against
           him
           ;
           as
           we
           see
           it
           proved
           in
           the
           event
           ,
           and
           have
           
           reason
           to
           believe
           that
           it
           was
           thus
           ordered
           by
           God
           ,
           for
           that
           very
           end
           .
           It
           is
           certain
           ,
           that
           Gad
           the
           Prophet
           ,
           and
           Abiathar
           the
           Priest
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           only
           man
           who
           escaped
           the
           fury
           of
           Saul
           ,
           when
           he
           destroyed
           the
           Priests
           of
           the
           Lord
           ,
           were
           in
           
           David's
           Retinue
           ;
           and
           that
           David
           enterprized
           nothing
           ,
           without
           first
           asking
           Counsel
           of
           God
           :
           But
           he
           who
           had
           anointed
           him
           to
           be
           King
           ,
           now
           draws
           Forces
           after
           him
           ,
           which
           after
           
           Saul's
           death
           should
           facilitate
           his
           advancement
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           2
           dly
           ,
           It
           is
           objected
           further
           ,
           That
           David
           intended
           to
           have
           stayed
           in
           Keilah
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           fortified
           it
           against
           Saul
           ,
           had
           not
           he
           been
           informed
           ,
           That
           the
           Men
           of
           the
           City
           would
           have
           saved
           themselves
           ,
           by
           delivering
           him
           up
           to
           Saul
           ,
           1
           Sam.
           23.
           
           Now
           ,
           to
           maintain
           any
           strong
           Hold
           against
           a
           Prince
           ,
           is
           an
           act
           of
           War
           ;
           though
           it
           be
           but
           a
           defensive
           War.
           And
           I
           grant
           it
           is
           so
           ,
           but
           deny
           that
           there
           is
           any
           Appearance
           ,
           that
           David
           ever
           intended
           any
           such
           thing
           .
           David
           and
           his
           Men
           ,
           by
           God's
           appointment
           and
           direction
           ,
           had
           fought
           with
           the
           Phil●●tins
           ,
           and
           smote
           them
           with
           a
           great
           slaughter
           ,
           and
           saved
           Keilah
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           as
           it
           is
           probable
           ,
           did
           intend
           to
           have
           stayed
           some
           time
           in
           Keilah
           :
           But
           David
           had
           heard
           that
           Saul
           intended
           to
           come
           against
           Keilah
           ,
           to
           destroy
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           take
           him
           ,
           and
           enquires
           of
           the
           Lord
           about
           it
           ,
           and
           receives
           an
           answer
           ,
           That
           Saul
           would
           come
           against
           the
           City
           .
           He
           enquires
           again
           ,
           whethe●
           the
           Men
           of
           Keilah
           would
           deliver
           him
           up
           to
           Saul
           ,
           and
           was
           an●wered
           ,
           That
           they
           would
           .
           And
           upon
           this
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           Men
           leave
           Keilah
           ,
           and
           betake
           themselves
           to
           the
           strong
           Holds
           in
           the
           Wilderness
           .
        
         
           But
           now
           ,
           it
           is
           likely
           ,
           That
           if
           David
           had
           had
           any
           design
           to
           have
           fortified
           Keilah
           against
           Saul
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           been
           afraid
           of
           the
           Men
           of
           the
           City
           :
           He
           had
           six
           hundred
           Men
           with
           him
           in
           Keilah
           ,
           a
           victorious
           Army
           ,
           which
           had
           lately
           destroyed
           the
           Philistines
           ,
           who
           oppressed
           them
           ;
           and
           therefore
           could
           easily
           have
           kept
           the
           Men
           of
           Keilah
           too
           in
           awe
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           pleased
           ,
           and
           have
           put
           it
           out
           of
           their
           power
           to
           deliver
           him
           to
           Saul
           .
           But
           all
           that
           David
           designed
           was
           ,
           to
           have
           stayed
           there
           as
           long
           as
           he
           could
           ,
           and
           ,
           when
           Saul
           had
           drawn
           nigh
           ,
           to
           have
           removed
           to
           some
           other
           place
           :
           But
           when
           he
           understood
           the
           Treacherous
           Inclinations
           of
           the
           Men
           of
           Keilah
           ,
           and
           being
           resolved
           against
           all
           
           acts
           of
           Hostility
           ,
           he
           hastened
           his
           remove
           ,
           before
           Saul
           drew
           near
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           these
           men
           must
           find
           some
           other
           Example
           than
           that
           of
           David
           ,
           to
           countenance
           their
           Rebellion
           against
           their
           Prince
           :
           for
           David
           never
           rebelled
           ,
           never
           fought
           against
           Saul
           ;
           but
           when
           he
           had
           a
           very
           potent
           Army
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           Men
           alwaies
           fled
           ,
           and
           ●●d
           themselves
           in
           the
           Wilderness
           and
           places
           of
           difficult
           access
           .
        
         
           The
           Sum
           is
           this
           :
           God
           ,
           from
           the
           very
           beginning
           ,
           set
           up
           such
           a
           Supreme
           and
           Soveraign
           Power
           in
           the
           
             Jewish
             Nation
          
           ,
           as
           could
           not
           ,
           as
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           resisted
           .
           This
           Power
           was
           at
           ●●rst
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           Moses
           ,
           and
           when
           Korah
           and
           his
           company
           rebelled
           against
           him
           ,
           God
           vindicated
           his
           Authority
           by
           a
           miraculous
           Destruction
           of
           those
           Rebels
           ;
           
             for
             the
             Earth
             opened
             her
             mouth
             and
             swallowed
             them
             up
             .
          
           Afterwards
           ,
           when
           they
           came
           into
           Canaan
           ,
           the
           ordinary
           Exercise
           of
           his
           Power
           was
           in
           the
           High
           Priests
           and
           Judges
           ,
           whom
           God
           raised
           up
           ,
           whose
           Sentence
           and
           Judgment
           was
           final
           ,
           and
           must
           not
           be
           resisted
           ,
           under
           penalty
           of
           death
           ,
           when
           the
           Children
           of
           Israel
           desired
           a
           King
           ,
           this
           soveraign
           and
           irresistible
           Power
           was
           transferred
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           settled
           in
           his
           Person
           .
           Saul
           was
           the
           first
           King
           who
           was
           chosen
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           anointed
           by
           Samuel
           ;
           but
           for
           his
           Disobedience
           ,
           was
           afterwards
           rejected
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           David
           the
           Son
           of
           Jess●
           ,
           was
           anointed
           King
           to
           succeed
           after
           
           Saul's
           death
           :
           But
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           David
           was
           persecuted
           by
           Saul
           ,
           who
           sought
           after
           his
           Life
           .
           And
           though
           he
           himself
           was
           anointed
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           Saul
           rejected
           by
           him
           ,
           yet
           he
           durst
           not
           p●rsist
           nor
           oppose
           him
           ,
           nor
           defend
           himself
           by
           force
           against
           the
           most
           unjust
           violence
           ,
           but
           fled
           for
           his
           life
           ,
           and
           hid
           himself
           in
           Caves
           and
           Mountains
           .
           Nay
           ,
           when
           Saul
           was
           delivered
           into
           his
           hands
           by
           God
           ,
           he
           durst
           not
           stretch
           out
           his
           hand
           against
           the
           Lord
           's
           Anointed
           .
        
         
           Let
           us
           now
           consider
           what
           Christ
           and
           his
           Apostles
           taught
           and
           practised
           about
           Obedience
           to
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ;
           whereby
           we
           may
           learn
           how
           far
           Christians
           are
           obliged
           by
           these
           Laws
           of
           Subjection
           and
           Non-Resistance
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           I
           shall
           consider
           the
           Doctrine
           of
           Christ
           ,
           while
           he
           lived
           on
           Earth
           :
           And
           here
           are
           several
           things
           very
           fit
           to
           be
           obser●●d
           .
        
         
         
           First
           ,
           We
           have
           no
           reason
           to
           suspect
           ,
           that
           Christ
           would
           alter
           the
           Rights
           of
           
             Soveraign
             Power
          
           ,
           and
           the
           measures
           of
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           ,
           which
           were
           fixt
           and
           determin'd
           by
           God
           himself
           .
           This
           was
           no
           part
           of
           his
           Commission
           ,
           to
           change
           the
           external
           Forms
           and
           Polities
           of
           Civil
           Governments
           ,
           which
           is
           an
           act
           of
           Secular
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           and
           does
           not
           belong
           to
           a
           
             Spiritual
             Prince
          
           .
           He
           who
           would
           not
           undertake
           to
           decide
           a
           petty
           Controversie
           ,
           or
           to
           divide
           an
           Inheritance
           between
           two
           contending
           Brethren
           ,
           12.
           
           Luk.
           13
           ,
           14.
           can
           we
           think
           that
           he
           would
           attempt
           any
           thing
           of
           that
           vast
           consequence
           ,
           as
           the
           Changes
           and
           Alterations
           of
           Civil
           power
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           unsettled
           the
           Fundamental
           Constitutions
           of
           all
           the
           Governments
           of
           the
           World
           at
           that
           time
           ?
        
         
           Our
           Saviour
           tells
           us
           ,
           
             That
             he
             came
             not
             to
             destroy
             the
             Law
             and
             the
             Prophets
             ,
             but
             to
             fulfil
             it
          
           ;
           to
           fill
           it
           up
           ,
           to
           compleat
           and
           perfect
           it
           ;
           Mat.
           5.17
           .
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           fulfill
           the
           anci●nt
           Types
           and
           Prophesies
           in
           his
           own
           person
           ,
           to
           perfect
           an
           external
           and
           ceremonial
           by
           a
           real
           and
           Evangelical
           Righ●●ousness
           ;
           to
           perfect
           the
           Moral
           Laws
           with
           new
           instances
           and
           degrees
           of
           Vertue
           ;
           but
           He
           abrogated
           no
           Moral
           Law
           ,
           and
           therefore
           not
           the
           Laws
           of
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           to
           Princes
           ,
           which
           has
           alwaies
           been
           reduced
           to
           the
           Fifth
           Commandment
           .
           Nay
           ,
           he
           abrogated
           no
           Laws
           ,
           but
           by
           perfecting
           and
           fulfilling
           them
           ;
           and
           therefore
           he
           could
           make
           no
           alteration
           in
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           Non-R●sistance
           ,
           which
           is
           as
           perfect
           Subjection
           as
           can
           or
           ought
           to
           be
           paid
           to
           Soveraign
           Princes
           .
           His
           Kingdom
           was
           not
           of
           this
           World
           ,
           as
           he
           told
           Pilate
           :
           Though
           he
           was
           a
           King
           ,
           he
           neither
           was
           an
           Enemy
           nor
           Rival
           to
           Caesar
           ;
           but
           had
           he
           absolved
           his
           Disciples
           from
           their
           Obedience
           to
           Princes
           ,
           had
           he
           made
           it
           in
           any
           case
           lawful
           to
           Resist
           (
           which
           was
           so
           expresly
           forbid
           the
           Jews
           by
           God
           himself
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           such
           a
           contradiction
           to
           the
           very
           Nation
           of
           Soveraign
           Power
           )
           he
           had
           been
           somewhat
           worse
           than
           a
           Rival
           to
           all
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Earth
           ;
           for
           though
           he
           had
           set
           up
           no
           Kingdom
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           yet
           he
           had
           pulled
           down
           theirs
           .
           Whereas
           he
           took
           great
           care
           that
           his
           Religion
           should
           give
           no
           disturbance
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           nor
           create
           any
           reasonable
           Jealousies
           and
           Suspicions
           to
           Princes
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           very
           excusable
           for
           their
           aversion
           to
           Christianity
           ,
           had
           he
           invaded
           the
           Rights
           and
           Royalties
           of
           their
           Crowns
           .
        
         
         
           This
           makes
           it
           very
           improbable
           ,
           that
           our
           Saviour
           should
           make
           any
           Alterations
           in
           Civil
           Powers
           ,
           or
           abridge
           the
           Rights
           of
           Soveraignty
           ;
           which
           is
           so
           foreign
           to
           his
           design
           of
           coming
           into
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           so
           incongruous
           to
           the
           Person
           which
           he
           sustained
           ;
           and
           yet
           he
           could
           not
           alter
           the
           Duties
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           but
           he
           must
           alter
           the
           Rights
           of
           Princes
           too
           ;
           he
           must
           take
           away
           the
           Soveraign
           Power
           of
           Princes
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           that
           he
           makes
           it
           lawful
           for
           Subjects
           in
           any
           case
           whatsoever
           to
           resist
           .
           We
           may
           safely
           then
           conclude
           ,
           That
           our
           Saviour
           has
           left
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           World
           as
           he
           found
           it
           :
           He
           has
           indeed
           given
           such
           admirable
           Laws
           ,
           as
           will
           teach
           Princes
           to
           govern
           ,
           and
           Subjects
           to
           obey
           better
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           most
           effectual
           way
           to
           secure
           the
           publick
           Peace
           and
           Happiness
           ,
           to
           prevent
           the
           Oppression
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           Rebellions
           against
           Princes
           :
           but
           he
           has
           not
           interposed
           in
           new
           modelling
           the
           Governments
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           whic●
           is
           not
           of
           such
           consequence
           as
           some
           men
           imagine
           ▪
           It
           is
           not
           the
           external
           form
           of
           Government
           ,
           but
           the
           Fatherly
           Care
           ,
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           an●
           Justice
           of
           Governours
           ,
           and
           the
           dutiful
           Obedience
           of
           Subjects
           ,
           which
           can
           make
           any
           People
           happy
           .
           If
           Princes
           and
           Subjects
           be
           good
           Christians
           ,
           they
           may
           be
           happy
           ●nder
           most
           forms
           of
           Government
           ;
           if
           they
           be
           not
           ,
           they
           can
           be
           happy
           under
           none
           .
           Had
           our
           Saviour
           given
           Subjects
           Liberty
           to
           Resist
           ,
           to
           Depose
           ,
           to
           Murder
           
             Tyrannical
             Princes
          
           ,
           he
           had
           done
           them
           no
           kindness
           at
           all
           ;
           for
           ,
           to
           give
           liberty
           to
           Subjects
           to
           Resist
           ,
           is
           only
           to
           proclaim
           an
           Universal
           License
           to
           Factions
           and
           Seditions
           ,
           and
           Civil
           Wars
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           Man
           can
           think
           this
           su●h
           a
           mighty
           Blessing
           to
           the
           World
           ,
           yet
           methinks
           it
           is
           not
           a
           Blessing
           proper
           for
           the
           
             Prince
             of
             Peace
          
           to
           give
           :
           But
           he
           who
           instructs
           Princ●s
           to
           Rule
           as
           God's
           Ministers
           and
           Vicegerents
           ,
           and
           to
           express
           a
           Fatherly
           Care
           and
           Concernment
           for
           the
           Happiness
           of
           their
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           that
           teaches
           Subjects
           to
           reverence
           ▪
           and
           obey
           their
           Princes
           ,
           as
           the
           Image
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           quietly
           submit
           and
           yield
           to
           his
           Authority
           ,
           and
           that
           enforces
           these
           Laws
           ,
           both
           on
           Princes
           and
           Subjects
           ,
           in
           the
           Name
           and
           Authority
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           consideration
           of
           the
           future
           Judgment
           ,
           when
           Princes
           who
           abuse
           their
           Power
           ,
           shall
           give
           an
           account
           of
           it
           to
           their
           great
           Master
           ,
           when
           Subjects
           who
           resist
           ,
           shall
           receive
           to
           themselves
           Damnation
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           patiently
           and
           quietly
           suffer
           for
           God's
           sake
           ,
           shall
           have
           their
           Injuries
           redrest
           ,
           and
           their
           Obedience
           rewarded
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           such
           a
           person
           
           as
           this
           takes
           a
           more
           effectual
           course
           to
           reform
           the
           Abuses
           of
           the
           Civil
           Power
           ,
           and
           to
           preserve
           good
           Government
           in
           the
           World
           ▪
           than
           all
           our
           
             wise
             Politicians
          
           and
           State-menders
           ,
           who
           think
           to
           reform
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           World
           by
           some
           State-Spells
           and
           Charms
           ,
           without
           reforming
           those
           who
           govern
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           are
           governed
           .
           This
           our
           Saviour
           has
           done
           ,
           and
           this
           is
           the
           best
           thing
           that
           could
           be
           done
           ,
           nay
           ,
           this
           was
           all
           that
           he
           could
           do
           in
           this
           matter
           .
           He
           never
           usurpt
           any
           Civil
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           and
           therefore
           could
           not
           new
           model
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           World
           :
           He
           never
           offers
           any
           external
           Force
           and
           Compulsion
           to
           make
           Men
           obey
           his
           Laws
           ,
           and
           therefore
           neither
           forces
           Princes
           ▪
           to
           Rule
           well
           ,
           nor
           Subjects
           to
           Obey
           ;
           but
           he
           has
           taken
           the
           same
           care
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           he
           has
           done
           of
           all
           the
           other
           Duties
           of
           Piety
           and
           Vertue
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           he
           has
           given
           very
           good
           Laws
           ,
           and
           has
           threatned
           those
           that
           break
           them
           with
           eternal
           punishments
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Laws
           and
           Religion
           of
           our
           Saviour
           prevail
           ,
           so
           will
           the
           Governments
           of
           the
           World
           mend
           ,
           without
           altering
           the
           Model
           and
           Constitution
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           But
           yet
           we
           have
           some
           positive
           Evidence
           what
           our
           Saviour
           taught
           about
           Obedience
           to
           the
           Higher
           Powers
           ;
           I
           shall
           give
           you
           two
           Instances
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           are
           as
           plain
           and
           express
           as
           can
           be
           desired
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           The
           first
           is
           that
           Answer
           our
           Saviour
           gave
           to
           the
           Pharisees
           and
           Herodians
           ,
           when
           they
           consulted
           together
           to
           intangle
           him
           in
           his
           Talk
           ,
           Mat.
           22.15
           ,
           &c.
           they
           come
           to
           him
           with
           great
           Ceremony
           and
           Address
           ,
           as
           to
           an
           infallible
           Oracle
           ,
           to
           consult
           him
           in
           a
           very
           weighty
           Case
           of
           Conscience
           .
           They
           express
           a
           great
           esteem
           and
           assurance
           of
           his
           Sincerity
           ,
           and
           Faithfulness
           ,
           and
           Courage
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           his
           unerring
           Judgment
           ,
           in
           declaring
           the
           Will
           of
           God
           to
           them
           .
           
             Master
             ,
             we
             know
             that
             thou
             art
             true
             ▪
             and
             teachest
             the
             way
             of
             God
             in
             truth
             ,
             neither
             carest
             thou
             for
             any
             Man
             ,
             for
             thou
             regardest
             not
             the
             person
             of
             Man
             :
          
           that
           is
           ,
           thou
           wilt
           not
           conceal
           nor
           pervert
           the
           Truth
           for
           fear
           nor
           favour
           :
           and
           then
           they
           propose
           an
           insnaring
           Question
           to
           him
           ;
           
             Tell
             us
             therefore
             ,
             what
             thinkest
             thou
             ?
             is
             it
             lawful
             to
             give
             Tribute
             to
             Caesar
             ,
             or
             not
             ?
          
           They
           thought
           it
           impossible
           that
           he
           should
           give
           any
           Answer
           to
           this
           ,
           which
           would
           not
           make
           
           him
           obnoxious
           ,
           either
           to
           the
           Roman
           Governours
           ,
           if
           he
           denied
           that
           the
           Jews
           might
           lawfully
           pay
           Tribute
           to
           Caes●r
           ,
           or
           ●o
           the
           Pharisees
           and
           people
           if
           he
           affirmed
           that
           they
           might
           :
           for
           there
           was
           a
           very
           potent
           Faction
           among
           th●m
           ,
           who
           thought
           it
           unlawful
           for
           the
           Jews
           to
           own
           the
           Authority
           or
           Usurpations
           of
           any
           
             Foreign
             Prince
          
           ,
           or
           to
           pay
           Tribute
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           King
           ▪
           They
           being
           expresly
           forbid
           by
           their
           Law
           ,
           
             to
             set
             a
             stranger
             over
             them
             for
             their
             King
             ,
             who
             is
             not
             their
             Brother
             ,
             (
             i.
             e.
             )
          
           who
           is
           not
           a
           natural
           Jew
           ,
           Deut.
           17.15
           .
           and
           it
           seems
           they
           could
           not
           distinguish
           between
           their
           own
           voluntary
           Act
           in
           chusing
           a
           Stranger
           for
           their
           King
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           indeed
           forbid
           by
           their
           Law
           )
           and
           their
           submitting
           to
           a
           
             Foreign
             Prince
          
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           conquered
           by
           him
           .
           Our
           Saviour
           ,
           who
           knew
           their
           wicked
           intention
           in
           all
           this
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           not
           come
           with
           an
           honest
           design
           to
           b●
           instructed
           in
           their
           Duty
           ,
           but
           to
           seek
           an
           Advantage
           against
           him
           ,
           expresses
           some
           indignation
           at
           it
           ;
           
             Why
             tempt
             ye
             me
             ,
             ye
             Hypocrites
             ?
          
           But
           yet
           ,
           to
           return
           them
           an
           Answer
           to
           that
           their
           Question
           ,
           he
           bids
           them
           shew
           him
           the
           Tribute-Money
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           the
           Money
           in
           which
           they
           used
           to
           pay
           Tribute
           ,
           and
           enquires
           whose
           Image
           and
           Superscription
           it
           had
           ;
           for
           coining
           of
           Money
           was
           as
           certain
           a
           Mark
           of
           Soveraignty
           ,
           as
           making
           Laws
           ,
           or
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Sword.
           Well
           ,
           they
           acknowledg
           that
           the
           Image
           and
           Superscription
           on
           the
           Tribute-Money
           was
           
           Caesar's
           ;
           upon
           which
           he
           replies
           ,
           
             Render
             therefore
             unto
             Caesar
             the
             things
             that
             are
             Caesar's
             ,
             and
             unto
             God
             the
             things
             that
             are
             God's
             .
          
           The
           plain
           meaning
           of
           which
           Answer
           is
           this
           ,
           That
           since
           by
           the
           very
           Impres●ion
           on
           their
           Money
           ,
           it
           is
           evident
           ,
           that
           Caesar
           is
           their
           Soveraign
           Lord
           ,
           they
           must
           render
           to
           him
           all
           the
           Rights
           of
           Soveraignty
           ,
           among
           which
           ,
           Tribute
           is
           one
           ,
           as
           St.
           Paul
           tells
           us
           ,
           
             Render
             therefore
             unto
             all
             their
             dues
             ,
             tribute
             to
             whom
             tribute
             is
             due
             ,
             custom
             to
             whom
             custom
             ,
             fear
             to
             whom
             fear
             ,
             honour
             to
             whom
             honour
             ,
             Rom.
          
           13.7
           .
           Whatever
           is
           due
           to
           
             Soveraign
             Princes
          
           ,
           and
           does
           not
           interfere
           with
           their
           Duty
           to
           God
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           give
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           who
           at
           this
           time
           was
           their
           Soveraign
           .
           In
           which
           Answer
           there
           are
           several
           things
           observable
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           our
           Saviour
           does
           not
           examine
           into
           
           Caesar's
           Right
           ,
           nor
           ●ow
           he
           came
           by
           this
           Soveraign
           Power
           ;
           b●t
           as
           〈◊〉
           found
           him
           in
           possession
           of
           it
           ,
           so
           he
           leaves
           him
           ,
           and
           requires
           them
           to
           render
           to
           him
           all
           the
           Rights
           of
           Soveraignty
           .
        
         
         
           2.
           
           That
           he
           does
           not
           particularly
           determine
           what
           the
           things
           of
           
             Caesar
             are
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           what
           his
           
             Right
             is
          
           ▪
           as
           a
           
             Soveraign
             Prince
          
           .
           Hence
           some
           men
           conclude
           ,
           that
           this
           Text
           can
           prove
           nothing
           ;
           that
           we
           cannot
           learn
           from
           it
           ,
           what
           our
           Saviour's
           Judgment
           was
           in
           this
           Point
           ;
           that
           it
           is
           only
           a
           subtil
           Answer
           ,
           which
           those
           who
           ask
           the
           Question
           could
           make
           nothing
           of
           ;
           which
           was
           a
           proper
           return
           to
           their
           ensnaring
           Question
           .
           This
           I
           think
           is
           as
           great
           a
           Reproach
           to
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           as
           they
           can
           well
           cast
           upon
           him
           ,
           that
           He
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           great
           Pro●het
           and
           Teacher
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           should
           return
           as
           Sophistical
           and
           doubtful
           Answers
           as
           the
           
             Heathen
             Oracles
          
           and
           that
           in
           a
           Case
           ,
           which
           required
           ,
           and
           would
           admit
           a
           very
           plain
           Answer
           .
           It
           is
           true
           ,
           many
           times
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           when
           He
           discourst
           of
           what
           concern'd
           His
           own
           Person
           ,
           or
           the
           Mysteries
           of
           His
           Kingdom
           ▪
           which
           were
           not
           fit
           at
           that
           time
           to
           be
           publisht
           in
           plain
           terms
           ,
           used
           a
           Mistical
           Language
           ;
           as
           when
           he
           called
           his
           Body
           the
           Temple
           ,
           or
           he
           taught
           them
           by
           Parables
           ,
           which
           were
           not
           obvious
           at
           the
           first
           hearing
           ,
           but
           still
           what
           he
           said
           ,
           had
           a
           certain
           and
           determined
           sense
           ,
           and
           what
           was
           obscure
           and
           difficult
           ,
           he
           explained
           privately
           to
           his
           Apost●es
           ,
           that
           in
           due
           time
           they
           might
           explain
           it
           to
           others
           ;
           but
           to
           assert
           ,
           as
           these
           men
           must
           do
           ,
           that
           Christ
           gave
           them
           such
           an
           answer
           as
           signified
           nothing
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           intended
           they
           should
           understand
           nothing
           by
           ,
           shews
           that
           they
           are
           not
           so
           civil
           to
           our
           Saviour
           as
           these
           Pharis●es
           and
           Herodians
           were
           ,
           who
           at
           least
           owned
           in
           compliment
           ,
           
             Master
             we
             know
             that
             thou
             ar●
             true
             .
             and
             teachest
             the
             way
             of
             God
             in
             Truth
             ,
             neither
             carest
             thou
             for
             any
             Man
             ,
             for
             thou
             regard●st
             not
             the
             Person
             of
             Men.
             
          
        
         
           But
           certainly
           the
           Pharisees
           did
           believe
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           something
           in
           our
           Saviours
           answer
           ,
           for
           
             they
             marvelled
             ,
             and
             left
             him
             ,
             and
             went
             their
             way
          
           :
           And
           yet
           those
           who
           had
           wit
           enough
           to
           ask
           such
           ensnaring
           Questions
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           so
           dull
           as
           to
           be
           put
           off
           wi●h
           a
           Sophistical
           Answer
           ,
           (
           an
           Art
           below
           the
           gravity
           of
           our
           Saviour's
           Pers●n
           and
           Office
           )
           but
           would
           have
           urged
           it
           a
           little
           f●r●her
           ,
           had
           they
           not
           been
           sensible
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           sufficiently
           answered
           ,
           and
           had
           nothing
           to
           reply
           .
        
         
           For
           indeed
           can
           any
           thing
           be
           plainer
           than
           our
           Saviour's
           Answer
           ?
           They
           ask
           him
           whether
           it
           were
           lawful
           to
           pay
           Tribute
           to
           Caesar
           ?
           he
           does
           not
           indeed
           in
           express
           words
           say
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           pay
           Tribute
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           but
           he
           gives
           them
           such
           an
           Answer
           ,
           as
           withal
           convinc'd
           them
           of
           the
           Reason
           and
           Necessity
           of
           
           it
           .
           He
           asks
           whose
           Image
           and
           superscription
           was
           on
           the
           Tribute-Money
           ;
           they
           tell
           him
           Caesars
           ;
           from
           whence
           he
           infers
           ,
           
             Render
             therefore
             unto
          
           Caesar
           
             the
             things
             that
             are
          
           Caesar's
           .
           
             Therefore
             ?
             Wherefore
          
           ?
           because
           the
           Tribute-Money
           had
           Caesars
           Image
           on
           it
           ;
           therefore
           they
           must
           render
           to
           
             Caesar
             the
             things
             that
             are
             Caesars
          
           ;
           which
           certainly
           signifies
           that
           Tribute
           was
           one
           of
           those
           things
           which
           belonged
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           rendred
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           appeared
           by
           having
           
           Caesar's
           Image
           :
           Not
           as
           if
           every
           thing
           that
           had
           
           Caesar's
           Mark
           and
           Stamp
           on
           it
           ,
           did
           belong
           unto
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           must
           be
           given
           to
           him
           ,
           (
           as
           some
           Men
           profanely
           enough
           ,
           how
           wittily
           soever
           they
           imagine
           ,
           burlesque
           and
           Ridicule
           our
           Saviour's
           Answer
           )
           for
           at
           this
           Rate
           all
           the
           Mony
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           which
           bore
           his
           Image
           ,
           was
           Caesars
           ;
           but
           the
           Money
           which
           was
           stampt
           with
           
           Caesar's
           Image
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           current
           Money
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           was
           a
           plain
           sign
           ,
           as
           I
           observed
           before
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           their
           Soveraign
           ,
           and
           paying
           Tribute
           was
           a
           known
           Right
           due
           to
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           very
           Money
           which
           they
           used
           ,
           with
           
           Caesar's
           Image
           on
           it
           ,
           resolved
           that
           Question
           ,
           not
           only
           of
           the
           lawfulness
           ,
           but
           the
           necessity
           of
           paying
           Tribute
           :
           and
           this
           was
           so
           plain
           an
           Answer
           ,
           that
           the
           Pharisees
           were
           ashamed
           of
           their
           Question
           ,
           and
           went
           away
           without
           making
           any
           Reply
           ;
           for
           they
           no
           more
           dared
           to
           deny
           that
           Caesar
           was
           their
           King
           ,
           than
           they
           thought
           he
           dared
           either
           to
           own
           or
           deny
           the
           lawfulness
           of
           paying
           Tribute
           to
           Caesar.
           And
           this
           was
           all
           the
           subtilty
           of
           our
           Saviour's
           Answer
        
         
           But
           then
           ,
           our
           Saviour
           not
           confining
           his
           Answer
           meerly
           to
           the
           Case
           of
           paying
           Tribute
           ,
           but
           answering
           in
           general
           ,
           That
           we
           must
           
             render
             to
             Caesar
             the
             things
             that
             are
          
           Caesar's
           ,
           extends
           this
           to
           all
           the
           Rights
           of
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ,
           and
           so
           becomes
           a
           standing
           Rule
           in
           all
           Cases
           ,
           to
           give
           to
           Caesar
           what
           is
           
           Caesar's
           due
           .
           And
           when
           our
           Saviour
           commands
           us
           to
           
             render
             to
             Caesar
             the
             things
             which
             are
             Caesar's
             ,
          
           w●thout
           telling
           us
           what
           
           Caesar's
           things
           are
           ,
           this
           is
           so
           f●r
           from
           making
           his
           Answer
           doubtful
           and
           ambiguous
           ,
           and
           of
           no
           use
           in
           this
           present
           Controversie
           ,
           that
           it
           suggests
           to
           us
           three
           plain
           and
           natural
           Consequences
           ,
           which
           are
           sufficient
           to
           end
           this
           whole
           Dispute
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           our
           Saviour
           did
           not
           intend
           to
           mak●●ny
           alteration
           in
           the
           Rights
           of
           Sove●aignty
           ,
           but
           what
           Rights
           he
           found
           Soveraign
           Princes
           possest
           of
           ,
           he
           leaves
           them
           in
           the
           quiet
           possession
           
           of
           ;
           for
           had
           he
           intended
           to
           make
           any
           change
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           have
           given
           such
           a
           general
           Rule
           ,
           to
           
             render
             to
          
           Caesar
           
             the
             things
             which
             are
          
           Caesar
           's
           ,
           without
           specifying
           what
           these
           things
           are
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           And
           therefore
           he
           leaves
           them
           to
           the
           known
           Laws
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           to
           determine
           what
           is
           
           Caesar's
           Right
           .
           Whatever
           is
           essential
           to
           the
           Nation
           of
           Soveraign
           Power
           ,
           whatever
           the
           Laws
           an●
           Customs
           of
           Nations
           determine
           to
           be
           
           Caesar's
           Right
           ,
           that
           they
           must
           render
           to
           him
           ;
           for
           he
           would
           make
           no
           alteration
           in
           this
           matter
           .
           So
           that
           subjection
           to
           Princes
           ,
           and
           Non-Resistance
           ,
           is
           as
           plainly
           determined
           by
           our
           Saviour
           in
           this
           Law
           ,
           as
           paying
           of
           Tribute
           ;
           for
           Subjection
           and
           Non-Resistance
           is
           as
           essential
           a
           Right
           of
           
             Soveraign
             Power
          
           ,
           and
           as
           inseparable
           from
           the
           notion
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           any
           thing
           can
           be
           .
           So
           it
           is
           acknowledged
           by
           the
           Laws
           and
           Customs
           of
           Nations
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           is
           determined
           by
           the
           Apostle
           St.
           Paul
           ;
           as
           I
           shall
           shew
           hereafter
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           I
           observe
           farther
           ,
           That
           when
           our
           Saviour
           enjoins
           our
           Duty
           to
           our
           Prince
           ,
           with
           our
           Duty
           to
           our
           
             God
             ,
             render
             to
          
           Caesar
           
             the
             things
             which
             are
          
           Caesar
           
             's
             ,
             and
             to
             God
             ,
             the
             things
             which
             are
             God's
             .
          
           He
           excepts
           nothing
           from
           
             Caesar's
             Rights
          
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nations
           is
           due
           to
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           a
           violation
           of
           ,
           and
           an
           encroachment
           on
           God's
           Right
           and
           Soveraignty
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           we
           must
           pay
           all
           that
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           to
           Princes
           ,
           which
           is
           consistent
           with
           our
           Duty
           to
           God.
           This
           is
           the
           only
           limit
           our
           Saviour
           sets
           to
           our
           Duty
           to
           Princes
           .
           If
           they
           should
           command
           us
           to
           renounce
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           worship
           false
           gods
           ;
           if
           they
           sho●ld
           challenge
           Divine
           Honours
           to
           themselves
           ,
           as
           some
           of
           the
           Roman
           Emperors
           did
           ;
           this
           we
           must
           not
           do
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           to
           renounce
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           to
           God
           ,
           who
           has
           a
           more
           Soveraign
           power
           ,
           and
           a
           greater
           Right
           in
           us
           than
           our
           Prince
           :
           But
           all
           Active
           and
           
             Passive
             Obedience
          
           ,
           which
           is
           consistent
           with
           a
           good
           Conscience
           towards
           God
           ,
           and
           required
           of
           us
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           our
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           essential
           Rights
           of
           Soveraignty
           ,
           is
           what
           we
           owe
           to
           our
           Prince
           ,
           and
           what
           by
           our
           Saviour's
           Command
           we
           must
           render
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           This
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           is
           sufficient
           for
           the
           explication
           of
           our
           Saviour's
           Answer
           to
           the
           Pharisees
           and
           Herodians
           ;
           which
           evidently
           
           contains
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           to
           Princes
           ,
           enforced
           on
           us
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           our
           Saviour
           himself
           .
        
         
           Having
           seen
           what
           the
           Doctrin
           of
           our
           Saviour
           was
           ,
           let
           us
           now
           consider
           his
           Practice
           :
           And
           we
           need
           not
           doubt
           ,
           but
           our
           Saviour
           lived
           as
           he
           preacht
           .
           He
           taught
           his
           Disciples
           by
           his
           Example
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           by
           his
           Laws
           .
           His
           Life
           was
           the
           best
           Comment
           upon
           his
           Sermons
           ;
           was
           a
           visible
           Lecture
           of
           Universal
           Righteousness
           and
           Goodness
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           impossible
           to
           conceive
           a
           more
           perfect
           and
           absolute
           example
           of
           Subjection
           and
           Non-Resistance
           ,
           than
           our
           Saviour
           has
           set
           us
           .
        
         
           When
           our
           Saviour
           appeared
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           the
           Jews
           were
           very
           weary
           of
           the
           
             Roman
             Yoke
          
           ,
           and
           in
           earnest
           expectat●on
           of
           their
           Messias
           ,
           who
           ,
           as
           they
           thought
           ,
           would
           restore
           the
           Kingdom
           again
           unto
           Ifrael
           ;
           and
           this
           expectation
           of
           their
           Messias
           ,
           whom
           they
           mistook
           for
           a
           Temporal
           Prince
           ,
           made
           them
           very
           apt
           to
           joyn
           with
           any
           one
           ,
           who
           pretended
           to
           be
           the
           Messias
           ,
           and
           to
           rebel
           ag●inst
           the
           Roman
           Government
           .
           Su●h
           most
           likely
           were
           Th●●d●s
           and
           Judas
           of
           Galilee
           ,
           of
           whom
           we
           have
           mention
           ,
           Ast.
           5.36
           ,
           37.
           an●
           it
           is
           not
           impossible
           ,
           but
           the
           Egyptian
           ,
           who
           led
           4000
           men
           into
           the
           Wilde●n●ss
           ,
           Act.
           38.
           either
           pretended
           to
           be
           the
           Messias
           ,
           or
           some
           fore-runner
           of
           him
           :
           to
           be
           sure
           ,
           such
           were
           those
           
             false
             Christs
          
           ,
           and
           
             false
             P●ophets
          
           ,
           of
           whom
           our
           Saviour
           warns
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           Mat.
           24.23
           .
           
             Then
             if
             any
             man
             shall
             s●y
             unto
             you
             ,
             Lo
             ,
             here
             is
             Christ
             ,
             or
             there
             ;
             be●ieve
             him
             not
             .
          
        
         
           This
           being
           the
           temper
           of
           the
           
             Jewish
             Nation
          
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           so
           extreamly
           inclined
           to
           S●ditions
           and
           Rebellion
           against
           the
           Roman
           Powers
           ,
           how
           easie
           had
           it
           been
           for
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           had
           he
           pleased
           ;
           to
           have
           made
           himself
           very
           potent
           and
           formidable
           ?
           How
           easie
           cou●d
           he
           have
           gained
           even
           the
           Scribes
           and
           Pharisees
           to
           his
           party
           ,
           (
           whose
           great
           quarrel
           was
           at
           his
           meanness
           and
           poverty
           )
           would
           he
           once
           have
           declared
           himself
           a
           Temporal
           Prince
           ,
           and
           invaded
           the
           Throne
           ?
           But
           he
           was
           so
           far
           from
           this
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           perceived
           the
           people
           had
           an
           intention
           to
           take
           him
           by
           force
           ;
           and
           make
           him
           a
           King
           ,
           he
           withdrew
           himself
           privately
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           departed
           into
           a
           Mountain
           himself
           alone
           ,
           John
           ▪
           6.15
           .
           and
           yet
           I
           presume
           there
           might
           have
           been
           as
           many
           plau●●ble
           preten●es
           to
           have
           justi●ied
           a
           Rebellion
           then
           ,
           as
           ever
           there
           were
           in
           any
           Nation
           since
           .
           He
           had
           at
           that
           time
           fed
           
             five
             thousand
             men
             
             besides
             women
             and
             children
             ,
             with
             five
             barly
             loaves
             ,
             and
             two
             small
             fishes
             :
          
           and
           what
           a
           formidable
           Enemy
           would
           he
           have
           been
           ,
           who
           could
           Victual
           an
           Army
           by
           Miracles
           ,
           and
           could
           ,
           when
           he
           pleased
           ,
           conquer
           by
           the
           same
           miraculous
           Power
           also
           ?
           This
           the
           people
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           miraculously
           fed
           ,
           were
           very
           sensible
           of
           ,
           and
           did
           hence
           conclude
           ,
           That
           
             he
             was
             the
          
           Prophet
           
             that
             should
             come
             into
             the
             World
             ,
          
           and
           that
           it
           was
           time
           to
           take
           him
           ,
           and
           set
           him
           upon
           the
           Throne
           :
           But
           though
           our
           Saviour
           was
           indeed
           the
           Messias
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           not
           such
           a
           Messias
           ,
           as
           they
           expected
           ;
           he
           was
           not
           a
           Temporal
           Prince
           ,
           and
           therefore
           would
           not
           countenance
           their
           Rebellion
           against
           Caesar
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           to
           make
           himself
           a
           King.
           
        
         
           It
           is
           sufficiently
           known
           ,
           That
           Christ
           submitted
           to
           the
           most
           unjust
           Sentence
           ,
           to
           the
           most
           ignominious
           and
           painful
           death
           ,
           rather
           than
           resist
           the
           
             Higher
             Powers
          
           ,
           though
           he
           could
           so
           easily
           have
           
             called
             for
             Legions
             of
             Angels
             to
             his
             rescue
             ;
             but
             he
             went
             as
             a
             lamb
             to
             the
             slaughter
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             sheep
             before
             the
             shearer
             is
             dumb
             ,
             so
             he
             opened
             not
             his
             mouth
             :
             when
             he
             was
             reviled
             ,
             he
             reviled
             not
             again
             :
             when
             he
             suffered
             ,
             he
             threatned
             not
             ,
             but
             committed
             himself
             to
             him
             who
             judgeth
             righteously
             .
          
           He
           rebuked
           Peter
           when
           he
           drew
           his
           Sword
           in
           his
           defence
           ,
           and
           tells
           Pilate
           the
           reason
           why
           he
           was
           so
           easily
           apprehended
           ,
           and
           used
           at
           their
           pleasure
           ,
           without
           any
           resistance
           and
           opposition
           ,
           though
           he
           had
           been
           formerly
           attended
           with
           such
           crowds
           of
           his
           Disciples
           ;
           because
           he
           was
           no
           Temporal
           Prince
           ,
           and
           therefore
           did
           not
           require
           his
           Disciples
           to
           fight
           for
           him
           ,
           as
           other
           Temporal
           Princes
           used
           to
           do
           .
           
             Iesus
             answered
             ,
             my
             Kingdom
             is
             not
             of
             this
             World
             :
             if
             my
             Kingdom
             were
             of
             this
             world
             ,
             then
             would
             my
             servants
             fight
             ,
             that
             I
             should
             not
             be
             delivered
             to
             the
             Jews
             ;
             but
             now
             is
             my
             Kingdom
             not
             from
             hence
             ,
          
           Joh.
           18.36
           .
           Which
           plainly
           shews
           ,
           That
           our
           Saviour's
           subjection
           was
           not
           matter
           of
           force
           and
           constraint
           ,
           because
           he
           wanted
           power
           to
           resist
           ;
           but
           it
           was
           matter
           of
           choice
           ,
           that
           which
           was
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           to
           be
           propagated
           by
           carnal
           Weapons
           ,
           but
           by
           Suffering
           and
           Death
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           our
           Saviour
           has
           set
           us
           such
           an
           Example
           as
           this
           ,
           it
           is
           wonderful
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           any
           ,
           who
           call
           themselves
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           can
           think
           it
           lawful
           to
           rebel
           against
           their
           Prince
           ,
           and
           defend
           themselves
           from
           the
           most
           unjust
           Violence
           ,
           by
           a
           more
           unjust
           Resistance
           .
           But
           there
           are
           few
           men
           ,
           who
           are
           contented
           
           to
           follow
           Christ
           to
           the
           Cross
           ;
           they
           do
           not
           like
           that
           part
           of
           his
           Example
           ,
           and
           are
           willing
           to
           perswade
           themselves
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           not
           bound
           to
           imitate
           it
           .
           And
           there
           are
           two
           things
           which
           I
           find
           urged
           by
           some
           men
           to
           this
           purpose
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           briefly
           considered
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           it
           is
           no
           wonder
           ,
           that
           Christ
           suffered
           patiently
           and
           quietly
           ,
           without
           resisting
           the
           most
           unjust
           Violence
           ,
           because
           he
           came
           into
           the
           World
           to
           die
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           his
           Soul
           an
           Offering
           for
           Sin.
           And
           how
           could
           so
           innocent
           a
           person
           die
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Hands
           of
           Vnjust
           and
           
             Tyrannical
             Powers
          
           ?
           And
           it
           was
           inconsistent
           with
           his
           Design
           of
           dying
           for
           Sin
           ,
           to
           resist
           and
           oppose
           .
           This
           is
           the
           account
           our
           Saviour
           himself
           gives
           of
           his
           patient
           suffering
           .
           When
           St.
           Peter
           drew
           his
           Sword
           in
           his
           defence
           ,
           he
           tells
           him
           ,
           
             Thinkest
             thou
             that
             I
             cannot
             now
             pray
             to
             my
             Father
             ,
             and
             he
             sha●l
             pres●ntly
             give
             me
             more
             than
             twelve
             Legions
             of
             Angels
             ?
             But
             how
             then
             sh●ll
             the
             Scriptures
             be
             fulfilled
             ,
             that
             thus
             it
             must
             be
             ?
          
           Mat.
           26.43
           ,
           54.
           
           
             And
             the
             Cup
             which
             my
             Father
             has
             given
             me
             ,
             shall
             I
             not
             drink
             it
             ?
          
           John
           18.11
           .
        
         
           Having
           thus
           concluded
           what
           the
           Doctrin
           and
           Example
           of
           o●r
           Saviour
           was
           ,
           about
           subjection
           to
           the
           higher
           Powers
           ,
           let
           us
           now
           consider
           the
           Doctrin
           and
           Example
           of
           h●s
           Apostle
           St.
           Paul
           ;
           not
           as
           if
           the
           Authority
           and
           Example
           of
           our
           Saviour
           were
           not
           sufficient
           ,
           of
           it self
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           Law
           ,
           but
           stood
           in
           need
           of
           the
           Confirmation
           and
           additional
           Authority
           of
           his
           own
           Apostles
           ;
           but
           we
           might
           justly
           suspect
           our selves
           mistaken
           in
           the
           Meaning
           of
           our
           Saviour's
           words
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Intention
           and
           Design
           of
           his
           Sufferings
           ,
           had
           none
           of
           his
           Apostles
           ,
           who
           were
           immediately
           instructed
           by
           him●elf
           ,
           and
           acquainted
           with
           the
           most
           secret
           Mysteries
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           ever
           preacht
           any
           such
           Doctrine
           as
           this
           ,
           of
           Subjection
           to
           Princes
           .
           And
           therefore
           to
           give
           you
           the
           more
           abundant
           assurance
           of
           this
           ,
           I
           shall
           plainly
           shew
           you
           ,
           That
           the
           Apostles
           taught
           the
           same
           Doctrin
           ,
           and
           imitated
           the
           Example
           of
           their
           Master
           .
           St.
           Paul
           has
           as
           fully
           declared
           himself
           in
           this
           matter
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           possible
           any
           Man
           can
           do
           by
           words
           ,
           Rom.
           13.1
           ,
           2.
           
           
             Let
             every
             Soul
             be
             subject
             unto
             the
             higher
             powers
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             no
             power
             but
             of
             God
             :
             the
             powers
             that
             be
             ,
             are
             ordained
             of
             God.
             Whosoever
             therefore
             resisteth
             the
             Power
             ,
             resisteth
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             they
             that
             resist
             ,
             shall
             receive
             to
             themselves
             Damnation
             .
          
        
         
         
           This
           is
           a
           very
           express
           Testimony
           against
           Resistance
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           consider
           it
           at
           large
           ;
           for
           there
           have
           been
           various
           Arts
           used
           to
           pervert
           every
           word
           of
           it
           and
           to
           make
           this
           Text
           speak
           quite
           contrary
           to
           the
           Design
           and
           Intention
           of
           the
           Apostle
           in
           it
           :
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           divide
           the
           words
           into
           three
           ge●eral
           parts
           .
           1.
           
           The
           Doctrine
           the
           Apostle
           instructs
           them
           in
           :
           
             Le●
             every
             soul
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             higher
             powers
             .
          
           2.
           
           The
           reason
           why
           he
           proves
           and
           forces
           this
           Doctrin
           :
           
             For
             there
             is
             no
             power
             but
             of
             God
             ;
             the
             powers
             that
             be
             ,
             are
             ordained
             of
             God.
             Whoso●v●r
             therefore
             resisteth
             the
             Power
             ,
             resisteth
             the
             Ordinance
             of
             God.
          
           3.
           
           The
           Punishment
           of
           such
           Resistance
           :
           
             And
             they
             that
             resist
             ,
             shall
             receive
             to
             themselves
             Damnation
             .
          
        
         
           1.
           
           I
           shall
           begin
           with
           the
           Doctrin
           ,
           
             That
             every
             Soul
             must
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             higher
             powers
             .
          
           And
           here
           are
           three
           things
           to
           be
           explained
           :
           1.
           
           Who
           are
           contained
           under
           this
           general
           expression
           of
           
             every
             soul.
          
           2.
           
           Who
           are
           meant
           by
           the
           
             higher
             Powers
          
           .
           3.
           
           What
           is
           meant
           by
           being
           subject
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Who
           are
           contained
           under
           this
           general
           expression
           of
           
             ●v●ry
             soul
          
           ,
           which
           by
           an
           ordinary
           Hebraism
           ,
           signifies
           
             every
             man
          
           ;
           for
           M●n
           is
           a
           compounded
           Creature
           of
           Body
           and
           Soul
           ,
           and
           either
           part
           of
           him
           is
           very
           often
           in
           Scripture
           put
           for
           the
           whole
           .
           Some●imes
           Flesh
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           Soul
           signifies
           the
           Man
           ;
           and
           when
           
             eve●y
             soul
          
           is
           opposed
           to
           the
           
             higher
             powers
          
           ,
           it
           must
           sig●ifie
           all
           Men
           ,
           of
           what
           Rank
           or
           Condition
           soever
           they
           be
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           invested
           with
           this
           higher
           Power
           .
           Popes
           and
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           Bishops
           and
           Priests
           ,
           as
           well
           spiritual
           as
           secular
           persons
           ;
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           every
           single
           Individual
           :
           for
           ,
           when
           every
           Soul
           is
           commanded
           to
           be
           subject
           ,
           without
           any
           exception
           or
           limitation
           ,
           this
           must
           reach
           them
           in
           all
           capacities
           and
           conditions
           .
        
         
           The
           design
           of
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           as
           you
           shall
           hear
           more
           presently
           ,
           was
           to
           forbid
           all
           Resistance
           of
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ;
           and
           had
           he
           known
           of
           any
           men
           ,
           who
           might
           lawfully
           r●sist
           ,
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           exprest
           it
           in
           such
           general
           terms
           ,
           as
           to
           forbid
           all
           without
           exception
           .
           Had
           St.
           Paul
           known
           the
           Prerogative
           of
           St.
           Peter
           ,
           and
           his
           Successors
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           ,
           would
           he
           have
           written
           to
           the
           C●ristians
           of
           Rome
           ,
           to
           be
           subje●t
           to
           their
           Emperors
           ,
           without
           making
           any
           provision
           for
           the
           greater
           Authority
           of
           their
           Bishops
           ?
        
         
         
           The
           reason
           he
           assigns
           why
           every
           soul
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           higher
           Powers
           ,
           is
           ,
           Becaus●
           
             all
             powers
             are
             of
             God
          
           ;
           so
           that
           whosoever
           is
           bound
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           God
           ,
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           their
           Prince
           ,
           who
           is
           in
           God's
           stead
           .
           And
           this
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           will
           reach
           the
           Pope
           of
           Rome
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           any
           private
           Christian
           ;
           unless
           he
           will
           pretend
           to
           have
           more
           Authority
           on
           Earth
           than
           God
           himself
           has
           ;
           for
           the
           Prince
           has
           God's
           Authority
           ,
           and
           therefore
           cannot
           be
           resisted
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           greater
           Authority
           than
           God's
           .
           And
           ,
           by
           the
           same
           reason
           ,
           if
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           the
           people
           be
           subject
           to
           God
           ,
           they
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           their
           Prince
           too
           ,
           because
           he
           acts
           by
           God's
           Au●hority
           and
           Commission
           .
           Were
           a
           Soveraign
           Prince
           the
           Peoples
           Creature
           ,
           that
           might
           be
           a
           good
           Maxim
           :
           
             Rex
             major
             singulis
             ,
             sed
             minor
             universis
          
           ;
           that
           the
           King
           is
           greater
           than
           any
           particular
           Subject
           ,
           but
           less
           than
           All
           together
           :
           but
           if
           he
           be
           God's
           Minister
           ,
           he
           is
           upon
           that
           account
           as
           much
           greater
           than
           All
           ,
           as
           God
           is
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           the
           whole
           Body
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           all
           together
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           one
           by
           one
           ,
           are
           equally
           concerned
           in
           this
           Command
           ,
           of
           being
           subject
           to
           the
           
             Higher
             Powers
          
           ,
           is
           evident
           ,
           from
           this
           consideration
           :
           That
           nothing
           less
           than
           this
           will
           secure
           the
           Peace
           and
           Tranquility
           of
           Human
           Societies
           :
           The
           Resistance
           of
           single
           persons
           is
           more
           dangerous
           to
           themselves
           than
           to
           the
           Prince
           ,
           but
           a
           powerful
           Combination
           of
           Rebels
           is
           formidable
           to
           the
           most
           puissant
           Monarchs
           .
           The
           greater
           number
           of
           Subjects
           rebel
           against
           their
           Prince
           ,
           the
           more
           too
           they
           distress
           his
           Government
           ,
           and
           threaten
           his
           Crown
           and
           Dignity
           ,
           and
           his
           Person
           and
           Authority
           be
           sacred
           ,
           the
           greater
           the
           Violence
           is
           which
           is
           offered
           to
           him
           ,
           the
           greater
           is
           his
           Crime
           .
        
         
           Had
           the
           Apostle
           exhorted
           the
           Romans
           after
           this
           manner
           :
           Let
           no
           private
           and
           single
           man
           be
           so
           foolish
           ,
           as
           to
           rebel
           against
           his
           Prince
           ,
           who
           will
           be
           too
           strong
           for
           him
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           can
           raise
           sufficient
           Forces
           to
           oppose
           against
           him
           ;
           if
           you
           can
           all
           consent
           to
           depose
           or
           murder
           him
           ,
           this
           is
           very
           innocent
           ▪
           and
           justifiable
           ,
           nay
           ,
           an
           Heroical
           Atchievement
           ,
           which
           becomes
           a
           free
           born
           people
           :
           How
           would
           this
           secure
           the
           Peace
           and
           Quiet
           of
           the
           World
           ?
           How
           would
           this
           have
           agreed
           with
           what
           follows
           ,
           That
           Princes
           are
           advanced
           by
           God
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           resist
           our
           Prince
           ,
           is
           to
           resist
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           that
           such
           men
           shall
           be
           severely
           punisht
           for
           it
           ,
           in
           this
           World
           or
           the
           next
           ?
           For
           ,
           can
           the
           Apostle
           be
           thought
           absolutely
           to
           condemn
           Resistance
           ,
           if
           he
           
           makes
           it
           only
           unlawful
           to
           resist
           ,
           wh●n
           we
           want
           power
           to
           conquer
           ?
           Which
           yet
           is
           all
           that
           can
           be
           made
           of
           it
           ,
           if
           by
           
             every
             soul
          
           ,
           the
           Apostle
           means
           only
           particular
           men
           ,
           not
           the
           united
           force
           and
           power
           of
           the
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Nor
           can
           there
           be
           any
           Reason
           assigned
           ,
           why
           the
           Apostle
           should
           lay
           so
           strict
           a
           Command
           on
           particul●r
           Christians
           ,
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           higher
           Powers
           ,
           which
           does
           not
           equally
           concern
           whole
           Na●ions
           ;
           for
           if
           it
           can
           ever
           be
           lawful
           for
           a
           whole
           Nation
           to
           resist
           a
           Prince
           ,
           it
           may
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           circumstances
           ,
           be
           equally
           lawful
           f●r
           a
           particular
           man
           to
           do
           it
           .
           If
           a
           Nation
           may
           conspire
           against
           a
           Prin●e
           ,
           who
           invades
           their
           Rights
           ,
           their
           Liberties
           ;
           or
           their
           Religion
           ,
           why
           may
           not
           any
           Man
           ,
           by
           the
           same
           Reason
           ,
           resist
           a
           Prince
           ,
           when
           his
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           are
           invaded
           ?
           It
           is
           not
           so
           safe
           and
           prudent
           indeed
           ,
           for
           a
           private
           man
           to
           resist
           ▪
           as
           for
           great
           and
           powerful
           numbers
           ;
           but
           this
           makes
           Resistance
           only
           a
           Matter
           of
           Discretion
           ,
           not
           of
           Conscience
           :
           If
           it
           be
           lawful
           for
           th●
           whole
           Body
           of
           a
           Nation
           to
           resist
           in
           such
           Cases
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           equally
           lawful
           for
           a
           particular
           man
           to
           do
           it
           ;
           but
           he
           does
           it
           at
           his
           own
           peril
           ,
           when
           he
           has
           only
           his
           one
           single
           force
           to
           oppose
           aga●nst
           his
           Pri●ce
           .
           So
           that
           our
           Apostle
           must
           forbid
           Resistance
           in
           all
           or
           none
           ;
           for
           ,
           single
           persons
           do
           not
           use
           to
           resist
           or
           rebel
           ,
           or
           there
           is
           no
           grea●
           danger
           to
           the
           Publick
           if
           they
           do
           ;
           but
           the
           Authority
           of
           Princes
           ,
           and
           the
           Security
           of
           publick
           Government
           ,
           is
           only
           endangered
           by
           a
           Combination
           of
           Reb●ls
           ,
           when
           the
           whole
           Nation
           ,
           or
           any
           considerable
           part
           for
           numbers
           ,
           power
           ,
           and
           in●erest
           ,
           take
           Arms
           against
           their
           Prince
           .
        
         
           If
           Resistance
           of
           our
           Prince
           be
           a
           sin
           ,
           it
           is
           not
           the
           less
           ,
           but
           the
           grea●er
           sin
           ,
           the
           greater
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           formidable
           ,
           the
           Resistance
           is
           ;
           and
           it
           would
           very
           much
           unbecome
           the
           Gravity
           and
           Sacredness
           of
           an
           Apostolical
           Precept
           ,
           to
           enjoin
           sub●ection
           to
           private
           Christians
           ,
           who
           dare
           not
           ,
           who
           cannot
           resist
           alone
           ,
           but
           to
           leave
           a
           powerful
           Combination
           of
           Rebels
           at
           liberty
           to
           resist
           :
           so
           that
           
             every
             Soul
          
           ,
           must
           signifie
           
             all
             Subjests
          
           ,
           whether
           single
           or
           united
           :
           for
           ,
           whatever
           is
           unlawful
           for
           every
           single
           person
           ,
           considered
           as
           a
           Subject
           ,
           is
           unlawful
           for
           them
           all
           together
           ;
           for
           the
           whole
           Nation
           is
           as
           much
           a
           Subject
           to
           the
           higher
           Powers
           ,
           as
           any
           single
           man.
           
        
         
         
           Thus
           I
           am
           sure
           it
           is
           in
           our
           Government
           ,
           where
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           assembled
           in
           Parliament
           own
           themselves
           the
           Subjects
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           have
           by
           publick
           Laws
           disclaimed
           all
           Power
           of
           raising
           any
           War
           ,
           either
           offensive
           or
           
             defensive
             against
             the
             King.
          
           
        
         
           Having
           heard
           what
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Doctrine
           was
           ,
           let
           us
           now
           consider
           what
           St.
           Peter
           taught
           about
           this
           matter
           :
           he
           had
           as
           much
           reason
           to
           learn
           this
           Lesson
           as
           any
           of
           the
           Apostles
           ,
           our
           Saviour
           having
           severally
           rebuked
           him
           for
           drawing
           his
           Sword
           against
           the
           lawful
           Powers
           ,
           as
           you
           have
           already
           heard
           .
           And
           indeed
           his
           rash
           and
           intemperate
           zeal
           in
           this
           Action
           cost
           him
           very
           dear
           ;
           for
           we
           have
           reason
           to
           believe
           ,
           that
           this
           was
           the
           chief
           thing
           ,
           that
           tempted
           him
           to
           deny
           his
           Master
           .
           He
           was
           afraid
           to
           own
           himself
           to
           be
           his
           Disciple
           ,
           or
           that
           he
           had
           been
           in
           the
           Garden
           with
           him
           ;
           because
           he
           was
           conscious
           to
           himself
           ,
           that
           by
           drawing
           his
           Sword
           ,
           and
           smiting
           the
           Servant
           of
           the
           High-Priest
           ,
           he
           had
           incurred
           the
           penalty
           of
           the
           Law
           ,
           and
           had
           he
           been
           discovered
           ,
           could
           expect
           nothing
           less
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           severely
           punish'd
           for
           it
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           to
           have
           lost
           his
           Life
           for
           his
           resistance
           .
           And
           indeed
           ,
           this
           has
           very
           often
           been
           the
           fate
           of
           those
           men
           ,
           who
           have
           been
           transported
           with
           a
           boistrous
           and
           intemperate
           Zeal
           to
           draw
           their
           Swords
           for
           their
           Master
           and
           his
           Religion
           ,
           against
           the
           lawful
           Powers
           ,
           that
           they
           commonly
           deny
           their
           Master
           ,
           and
           despise
           his
           Religion
           ,
           before
           they
           put
           their
           swords
           up
           again
           .
        
         
           But
           St.
           Peter
           having
           ,
           by
           our
           Saviour's
           Reproof
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           dear-bought
           Experience
           ,
           learnt
           the
           Evil
           of
           Resistance
           ,
           neve●
           drew
           his
           Sword
           more
           ,
           and
           took
           great
           care
           to
           instruct
           Christians
           ,
           not
           to
           do
           so
           ;
           1
           Pet.
           2.13
           ,
           14
           ,
           15
           ,
           16.
           
           
             Submit
             your selves
             to
             every
             Ordinance
             of
             Man
             ,
             for
             the
             Lord's
             sake
             ,
             whether
             it
             be
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             as
             supreme
             ;
             or
             unto
             Governours
             ,
             as
             to
             them
             that
             are
             sent
             by
             him
             ,
             for
             the
             punishment
             of
             evil-doers
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             praise
             of
             them
             that
             do
             well
             .
             For
             so
             is
             the
             will
             of
             God
             ,
             that
             with
             well-doing
             ye
             may
             put
             to
             sil●nce
             the
             ignorance
             of
             foolish
             men
             .
             As
             free
             ,
             and
             not
             using
             your
             liberty
             as
             a
             cloak
             of
             maliciousness
             ,
             but
             as
             the
             s●rvants
             of
             God.
             
          
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           very
           same
           Doctrin
           which
           St.
           Paul
           taught
           the
           
             Romans
             :
             Let
             every
             soul
             be
             subj●ct
             to
             the
             higher
             powers
          
           ;
           for
           the
           same
           word
           is
           used
           in
           the
           Original
           ,
           and
           therefore
           to
           submit
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           subject
           ,
           is
           the
           same
           thing
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           St.
           Paul
           tells
           us
           ,
           signifies
           Non-Resistance
           ;
           only
           St.
           Paul
           speaks
           of
           not
           resisting
           the
           
           
             Higher
             Powers
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           Emperors
           and
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ,
           herein
           including
           all
           those
           who
           act
           by
           their
           Authority
           ;
           S.
           Peter
           ,
           to
           prevent
           all
           Cavils
           and
           Exceptions
           ,
           distinctly
           mentions
           both
           ,
           That
           we
           must
           submit
           to
           all
           humane
           Power
           and
           Authority
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           the
           
             King
             as
             Supreme
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           phrase
           ,
           to
           the
           
             Higher
             Powers
          
           ,
           to
           all
           Soveraign
           Princes
           ,
           who
           are
           invested
           with
           the
           supreme
           Authority
           ;
           but
           also
           to
           those
           who
           are
           sent
           by
           him
           ,
           who
           receive
           their
           Authority
           and
           Commission
           from
           the
           Soveraign
           Prince
           .
        
         
           St.
           Paul
           tells
           us
           at
           large
           ,
           That
           
             all
             Power
             is
             of
             God
          
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           power
           is
           the
           Minister
           of
           God
           ;
           
             and
             he
             that
             resisteth
             the
             power
             ,
             resisteth
             the
             ordin●nce
             of
             God
             ;
             and
             therefore
             we
             must
             needs
             be
             subjest
             ,
             not
             only
             for
             Wrath
             ,
          
           (
           that
           is
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           being
           punisht
           by
           Men
           )
           
             but
             also
             for
             Conscience
             sake
          
           ,
           out
           of
           reverence
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           fear
           of
           his
           Judgment
           .
           This
           St.
           Peter
           comprises
           in
           one
           word
           ,
           which
           includes
           it
           all
           ▪
           
             Submit
             your self
             to
             every
             Ordinance
             of
             Man
             ,
             for
             the
             Lord's
             sake
          
           :
           for
           ,
           How
           is
           God
           concerned
           in
           our
           Obedience
           to
           Princes
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           not
           his
           Ministers
           ,
           who
           are
           appointed
           and
           advanced
           by
           him
           ,
           and
           act
           by
           his
           Authority
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           be
           not
           his
           Will
           and
           Command
           that
           we
           should
           obey
           them
           ?
           and
           therefore
           he
           adds
           ,
           
             For
             this
             is
             the
             will
             of
             God
             ,
             that
             with
             well-doing
             ,
          
           (
           that
           is
           by
           obedience
           and
           subjection
           to
           Princes
           )
           
             ye
             may
             put
             to
             silence
             the
             ignorance
             of
             foolish
             men
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           that
           you
           may
           put
           to
           silence
           those
           foolish
           men
           ,
           who
           ignorantly
           accuse
           you
           ,
           as
           fond
           of
           Changes
           ,
           and
           troublesome
           and
           dangerous
           to
           Government
           .
           But
           then
           ,
           St.
           Peter
           observing
           ,
           that
           Christian
           Liberty
           was
           made
           a
           pretence
           for
           Seditions
           and
           Treasons
           ,
           he
           cautions
           them
           against
           that
           also
           ;
           
             As
             free
             ,
             but
             not
             using
             your
             liberty
             for
             a
             cloak
             of
             maliciousness
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           to
           cover
           and
           excuse
           such
           wickedness
           as
           Rebellion
           against
           Princes
           ,
           but
           as
           the
           servants
           of
           God
           :
           You
           must
           remember
           whatever
           Freedom
           Christ
           has
           purchased
           for
           you
           ,
           he
           has
           not
           delivered
           you
           from
           Obedience
           and
           Subjection
           to
           God
           ;
           you
           are
           His
           servants
           still
           ,
           and
           therefore
           must
           be
           subject
           to
           those
           ,
           who
           receive
           their
           Power
           and
           Authority
           from
           God
           ,
           as
           all
           Soveraign
           Princes
           do
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           as
           plain
           ,
           one
           would
           think
           ,
           as
           words
           can
           make
           it
           ;
           but
           nothing
           can
           be
           so
           plain
           ,
           but
           that
           Men
           ,
           who
           are
           unwilling
           to
           understand
           ,
           and
           who
           set
           their
           wits
           on
           work
           to
           avoid
           the
           force
           and
           evidence
           of
           it
           ,
           may
           be
           able
           to
           find
           something
           to
           say
           ,
           to
           deceive
           
           themselves
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           are
           willing
           to
           be
           deceived
           :
           and
           therefore
           it
           will
           be
           necessary
           to
           consider
           what
           false
           Colours
           some
           men
           have
           put
           upon
           these
           words
           ,
           to
           elude
           and
           baffle
           the
           plain
           scope
           and
           design
           of
           the
           Apostle
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           As
           ,
           first
           ,
           they
           observe
           ,
           that
           St.
           Peter
           calls
           Kings
           and
           subordinate
           Governours
           an
           Ordinance
           of
           Man
           ,
           or
           a
           human
           Creature
           ,
           and
           from
           hence
           they
           conclude
           ,
           that
           Kings
           are
           only
           the
           
             Peoples
             Creatures
          
           ;
           they
           are
           made
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           receive
           their
           Power
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           therefore
           are
           accountable
           to
           them
           if
           they
           ●●use
           their
           Power
           .
           In
           answer
           to
           this
           ,
           we
           may
           consider
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           this
           Interpretation
           of
           St.
           
           Peter's
           words
           ,
           is
           a
           direct
           contradiction
           to
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           who
           expresly
           asserts
           ,
           That
           
             there
             is
             no
             power
             but
             of
             God
             ,
             the
             powers
             that
             be
             ,
             are
             ord●ined
             of
             God
          
           ;
           but
           ,
           according
           to
           this
           Exposition
           of
           
             Hu●an
             Creature
          
           ,
           or
           the
           
             Ordin●nce
             of
             Man
          
           ,
           there
           is
           no
           power
           of
           God
           ,
           but
           all
           pow●r
           is
           derived
           from
           the
           people
           .
           Kings
           and
           Princes
           may
           be
           chosen
           by
           Men
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           in
           
             Elective
             Kingdoms
          
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           was
           at
           that
           time
           in
           the
           
             Roman
             Empire
          
           ,
           but
           they
           receive
           their
           power
           from
           God
           :
           and
           thus
           St.
           Paul
           ▪
           and
           St.
           Peter
           may
           be
           reconciled
           .
           But
           to
           affirm
           ,
           That
           St.
           Peter
           calls
           Kings
           an
           Ordinance
           of
           Man
           ,
           because
           they
           receive
           their
           ower
           and
           Authority
           from
           Men
           ,
           is
           an
           irreconcilable
           contradiction
           to
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           who
           affirms
           ,
           That
           they
           ●eceive
           their
           power
           from
           God
           ;
           That
           they
           are
           God's
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           peoples
           Ministers
           .
           Now
           ,
           though
           St.
           Peter
           and
           St.
           Paul
           did
           once
           differ
           upon
           a
           matter
           of
           Prudence
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           of
           ill
           consequence
           to
           Religion
           ,
           to
           make
           them
           differ
           in
           so
           material
           a
           Doctrine
           as
           this
           is
           ;
           and
           yet
           there
           is
           no
           way
           to
           reconcile
           them
           ,
           but
           by
           expounding
           St.
           
           Peter's
           words
           ,
           so
           as
           to
           agree
           with
           St.
           
           Paul's
           ;
           for
           St.
           
           Paul's
           words
           can
           never
           be
           reconciled
           with
           that
           sence
           which
           these
           men
           give
           of
           St.
           
           Peter's
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           a
           good
           Argument
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           the
           true
           interpretation
           of
           St.
           Pe●er
           ;
           for
           I
           verily
           believe
           ,
           that
           these
           two
           great
           Apostles
           did
           not
           differ
           in
           this
           point
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           St.
           Peter
           exhorts
           them
           to
           
             submit
             to
             every
             Ordinance
             of
             Man
             ;
             for
             the
             Lord's
             sake
          
           ;
           which
           plainly
           signifies
           ,
           that
           whatever
           hand
           Men
           may
           have
           in
           modelling
           Civil
           Governments
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           the
           
           Ordinance
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           Princes
           receive
           their
           power
           from
           him
           .
           For
           it
           is
           no
           act
           of
           Disobedience
           to
           God
           ,
           to
           resist
           our
           Prince
           ,
           nor
           of
           Obedience
           to
           God
           to
           submit
           to
           him
           ,
           if
           he
           does
           not
           derive
           his
           power
           from
           God
           ,
           and
           act
           by
           his
           Authority
           and
           Commission
           ;
           especially
           in
           such
           cases
           ,
           when
           he
           opposes
           the
           Government
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Interest
           of
           Rel●gion
           ,
           and
           oppresses
           not
           only
           God's
           Creatures
           ,
           but
           his
           most
           faithful
           and
           obedient
           People
           ,
           who
           are
           his
           peculiar
           care
           and
           charge
           :
           In
           such
           cases
           as
           these
           ,
           if
           Princes
           do
           not
           receive
           their
           power
           from
           God
           ,
           they
           are
           oppo●●te
           and
           rival-powers
           ,
           and
           we
           can
           no
           more
           submit
           to
           them
           for
           God's
           sake
           ,
           than
           we
           can
           submit
           to
           a
           Reb●l
           ,
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           —
           that
           is
           ,
           out
           of
           Duty
           and
           Loyalty
           to
           our
           Natural
           Prince
           .
           And
           therefore
           ,
           when
           the
           Apostle
           exhorts
           them
           ,
           for
           God's
           sake
           ,
           to
           submit
           to
           their
           King
           ,
           he
           plainly
           supposes
           what
           St.
           Paul
           did
           particularly
           express
           ,
           That
           Kings
           receive
           their
           p●wer
           from
           God
           ,
           and
           therefore
           are
           God's
           Ministers
           ,
           even
           when
           they
           abuse
           their
           power
           ;
           and
           he
           that
           resists
           ,
           resists
           the
           Ordinance
           and
           Authority
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           3.
           
           But
           suppose
           we
           should
           grant
           ,
           That
           when
           St.
           Peter
           calls
           Kings
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           Man
           ,
           he
           means
           ,
           That
           they
           receive
           their
           Power
           and
           Authority
           from
           Men
           ;
           yet
           I
           cannot
           see
           what
           good
           this
           will
           do
           them
           ;
           for
           he
           plainly
           disowns
           their
           consequence
           ,
           That
           therefore
           Princes
           are
           accountable
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           Superiors
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           resisted
           ,
           deposed
           ,
           and
           brought
           to
           condign
           punishment
           ,
           if
           they
           abuse
           this
           power
           ;
           as
           will
           appear
           from
           these
           two
           Observations
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Tha●
           He
           gives
           the
           King
           the
           Title
           of
           Supreme
           ,
           who
           is
           above
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           is
           invested
           with
           the
           supreme
           and
           soveraign
           power
           .
           Now
           ,
           the
           supreme
           power
           ,
           in
           the
           very
           notion
           of
           it
           ,
           is
           i●resistible
           and
           unaccountable
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           it
           is
           not
           supreme
           ▪
           but
           subject
           to
           some
           superiour
           Jurisdiction
           ;
           which
           ,
           it
           is
           ev●dently
           known
           ,
           the
           
             Roman
             Emperors
          
           ,
           of
           whom
           the
           Apostle
           here
           speaks
           ,
           were
           not
           .
           And
           ,
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           he
           requires
           Subjection
           to
           this
           Human
           Ord●nance
           ;
           which
           ,
           as
           appears
           from
           St.
           Paul
           ,
           signifies
           Non-Resistance
           :
           so
           that
           tho'
           we
           should
           grant
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           derives
           his
           Power
           from
           the
           people
           ,
           yet
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           God
           confirms
           and
           establishes
           the
           Crown
           on
           his
           Head
           ,
           and
           will
           not
           suffer
           people
           to
           take
           it
           off
           again
           ,
           when
           the●
           please
           .
        
         
           
           
             A
             Seasonable
             Admonition
             to
             our
             new
             Dissenters
             .
          
           
             LET
             us
             have
             a
             care
             of
             our
             Zeal
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             not
             mistake
             an
             earthly
             Fire
             ,
             which
             burns
             and
             consumes
             ,
             for
             that
             Divine
             and
             harmless
             flame
             ,
             which
             is
             kindled
             at
             God's
             Altar
             .
             A
             true
             Zeal
             for
             Religion
             is
             nothing
             more
             ,
             nor
             less
             ,
             than
             such
             a
             hearty
             Love
             for
             it
             ,
             as
             makes
             us
             very
             diligent
             in
             the
             practice
             of
             it
             our selves
             ,
             and
             very
             industrious
             to
             promote
             the
             knowledg
             and
             practice
             of
             Religion
             in
             the
             World
             ,
             by
             all
             lawful
             and
             prudent
             means
             .
             A
             true
             Christian
             Zeal
             will
             not
             suffer
             us
             to
             transgress
             the
             strict
             bounds
             of
             our
             Duty
             to
             God
             ,
             or
             of
             our
             Duty
             to
             Men
             ,
             especially
             to
             Kings
             and
             Princes
             ,
             whatever
             flattering
             prospect
             of
             Advantage
             it
             may
             give
             .
             To
             lye
             ,
             to
             forswear
             our selves
             ,
             to
             hate
             and
             revile
             each
             other
             ;
             to
             reproach
             and
             libel
             Governours
             in
             Church
             and
             State
             ;
             to
             stir
             up
             or
             countenance
             ,
             with
             the
             least
             thought
             ,
             any
             seditious
             practices
             against
             the
             King
             or
             Government
             ,
             is
             not
             a
             Zeal
             for
             God
             ,
             nor
             for
             Religion
             ;
             for
             ,
             
               this
               Wisdom
               is
               not
               from
               above
               ,
               but
               is
               earthly
               ,
               sensual
               ,
               and
               devilish
            
             ;
             for
             where
             Strife
             and
             Contention
             is
             ,
             there
             is
             C●nfusion
             ,
             and
             every
             evil
             work
             .
             Let
             us
             be
             wary
             how
             we
             begin
             to
             entertain
             ,
             or
             to
             whisper
             our
             Discontents
             ;
             how
             we
             begin
             to
             listen
             to
             Suspicions
             of
             our
             Prince
             ,
             or
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             and
             to
             hear
             with
             pleasure
             any
             scandalous
             stories
             or
             reflections
             on
             either
             .
          
           
             
               
                 GOD
                 ,
                 of
                 His
                 infinite
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 preserve
                 our
                 King
                 and
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 our
              
               Liberties
               ,
               Laws
               ,
               and
               Religion
               ,
               
                 from
                 the
                 wicked
                 Conspiracies
                 of
                 all
                 our
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               Which
               is
               the
               last
               thing
               I
               shall
               recommend
               to
               you
               ,
               to
               praise
               God
               for
               his
               Preservation
               of
               our
               King
               hitherto
               ,
               and
               earnestly
               beg
               ,
               that
               the
               same
               Providence
               would
               still
               watch
               over
               him
               for
               the
               time
               to
               come
               .
               Let
               us
               bless
               God
               ,
               and
               let
               us
               honour
               our
               King
               ,
               and
               receive
               him
               with
               Joy
               and
               Thanksgiving
               ,
               as
               a
               new
               Gift
               and
               Present
               from
               the
               hands
               of
               God.
               When
               we
               are
               heartily
               thankful
               for
               the
               Mercies
               we
               have
               already
               received
               ,
               this
               will
               ma●e
               our
               Prayers
               more
               effectual
               for
               the
               continuance
               of
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               O
               Lord
               ▪
               save
               the
               King
               and
               Queen
               ,
            
             who
             putteth
             their
             Trust
             in
             thee
             ;
             
               send
               them
               help
               ●rom
               thy
               Holy
               Place
               ,
               and
               evermore
               mightily
               defend
               them
               :
               let
               their
               Enemies
               have
               no
               advantage
               against
               them
               ,
               nor
               the
               Wicked
               approach
               to
               hurt
               them
               .
               Which
            
             God
             
               of
               His
               infinite
               Mercy
               grant
               ,
               through
               our
               Lord
               Jesus
               Christ
               ,
               to
               whom
               ,
               with
               the
               Father
               ,
            
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .