A treatise wherein is demonstrated, I. That the East-India trade is the most national of all foreign trades, II. That the clamors, aspersions, and objections made against the present East-India company, are sinister, selfish, or groundless, III. That since the discovery of the East-Indies, the dominion of the sea depends much upon the wane or increase of that trade, and consequently the security of the liberty, property, and protestant religion of this kingdom, IV. That the trade of the East-Indies cannot be carried on to national advantage, in any other way than by a general joynt stock, V. That the East-India trade is more profitable and necessary to the kingdom of England, than to any other kingdom or nation in Europe by Philopatris.
         Child, Josiah, Sir, 1630-1699.
      
       
         
           1681
        
      
       Approx. 76 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 24 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2004-05 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A32839
         Wing C3866
         ESTC R19413
         11760708
         ocm 11760708
         48676
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A32839)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 48676)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 486:17)
      
       
         
           
             A treatise wherein is demonstrated, I. That the East-India trade is the most national of all foreign trades, II. That the clamors, aspersions, and objections made against the present East-India company, are sinister, selfish, or groundless, III. That since the discovery of the East-Indies, the dominion of the sea depends much upon the wane or increase of that trade, and consequently the security of the liberty, property, and protestant religion of this kingdom, IV. That the trade of the East-Indies cannot be carried on to national advantage, in any other way than by a general joynt stock, V. That the East-India trade is more profitable and necessary to the kingdom of England, than to any other kingdom or nation in Europe by Philopatris.
             Child, Josiah, Sir, 1630-1699.
          
           [2], 43 p.
           
             Printed by T.F. for Robert Boulter,
             London :
             1681.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           East India Company.
           Great Britain -- Commerce -- East Indies.
        
      
    
     
        2004-01 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2004-01 Apex CoVantage
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2004-03 Amanda Watson
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2004-03 Amanda Watson
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2004-04 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           TREATISE
           Wherein
           is
           Demonstrated
           ,
        
         
           
             I.
             That
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             is
             the
             most
             National
             of
             all
             Foreign
             Trades
             .
          
           
             II.
             That
             the
             Clamors
             ,
             Aspersions
             ,
             and
             Objections
             made
             against
             the
             present
             East-India
             Company
             ,
             are
             Sinister
             ,
             Selfish
             ,
             or
             Groundless
             .
          
           
             III.
             That
             since
             the
             discovery
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea
             depends
             much
             upon
             the
             Wane
             or
             Increase
             of
             that
             Trade
             ,
             and
             consequently
             the
             Security
             of
             the
             Liberty
             ,
             Property
             ,
             and
             Protestant
             Religion
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             IV.
             That
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             cannot
             be
             carried
             on
             to
             National
             advantage
             ,
             in
             any
             other
             way
             than
             by
             a
             General
             Joynt-Stock
             .
          
           
             V.
             That
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             is
             more
             profitable
             and
             necessary
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             ,
             than
             to
             any
             other
             Kingdom
             or
             Nation
             in
             Europe
             .
          
        
         
           By
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             T.
             I.
          
           for
           
             Robert
             Boulton
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Turks
             Head
          
           in
           Cor●●●
           ,
           1681.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           TREATISE
           Concerning
           the
           
             East-India
             Trade
          
           .
        
         
           BEfore
           I
           enter
           upon
           the
           particular
           proof
           of
           the
           Propositions
           in
           the
           Frontispiece
           ,
           I
           shall
           desire
           the
           Readers
           leave
           to
           mention
           some
           few
           general
           Opinions
           of
           my
           own
           concerning
           Trade
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           long
           since
           entertained
           ;
           and
           the
           older
           I
           grow
           in
           Experience
           ,
           the
           more
           I
           am
           confirmed
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           Trading
           Merchants
           while
           they
           are
           in
           the
           busie
           and
           eager
           prosecution
           of
           their
           particular
           Trades
           ,
           although
           they
           be
           very
           wise
           and
           good
           Men
           ,
           are
           not
           always
           the
           best
           Judges
           of
           Trade
           ,
           as
           it
           relates
           to
           the
           Profit
           or
           Power
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           .
           The
           reason
           may
           be
           ,
           because
           their
           Eyes
           are
           so
           continually
           fixt
           ,
           and
           their
           Minds
           intent
           upon
           what
           makes
           for
           their
           pecuiiar
           Gain
           or
           Loss
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           not
           leasure
           to
           expatiate
           or
           turn
           their
           thoughts
           to
           what
           is
           most
           Advantageous
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           general
           .
           This
           I
           am
           told
           was
           the
           Opinion
           anciently
           of
           
             M.
             T.
             Cicero
          
           ,
           and
           also
           Boden
           ,
           that
           learned
           French
           Author
           ,
           and
           lately
           of
           the
           Lord
           Chief
           Justice
           
             St.
             John
          
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           principal
           Engineer
           in
           the
           first
           Act
           of
           Navigation
           .
           But
           whether
           it
           was
           their
           Opinion
           or
           not
           ,
           I
           am
           sure
           it
           's
           true
           by
           manifold
           Experience
           ;
           of
           which
           I
           could
           give
           pregnant
           Instances
           in
           the
           Age
           we
           
           live
           in
           ,
           and
           former
           Councils
           of
           Trade
           since
           his
           Majesties
           happy
           Restauration
           ,
           but
           that
           I
           design
           brevity
           ,
           and
           to
           avoid
           all
           Personal
           reflections
           .
           The
           like
           may
           be
           said
           of
           all
           Shopkeepers
           ,
           Artificers
           ,
           Clothiers
           ,
           and
           other
           Manufacturers
           ,
           until
           they
           leave
           off
           their
           Trades
           ,
           and
           being
           Rich
           ,
           by
           the
           purchase
           of
           Lands
           ,
           become
           of
           the
           same
           common
           Interest
           with
           most
           of
           their
           Countrey-men
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           And
           upon
           the
           same
           reason
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           and
           have
           found
           by
           Experience
           ,
           that
           a
           mixt
           Assembly
           of
           Noblemen
           ,
           Gentlemen
           ,
           and
           Merchants
           ,
           are
           the
           best
           Constitution
           that
           can
           be
           established
           for
           the
           making
           Rules
           ,
           Orders
           ,
           and
           By-Laws
           ,
           for
           the
           carrying
           on
           any
           Trade
           for
           the
           publick
           Utility
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           That
           all
           Domestick
           or
           Foreign
           Trade
           ,
           to
           any
           Place
           or
           Countrey
           ,
           that
           doth
           not
           in
           the
           Result
           and
           Consequences
           of
           it
           ,
           increase
           the
           value
           of
           our
           English
           Lands
           (
           the
           good
           plight
           whereof
           is
           the
           main
           Basis
           of
           our
           Wealth
           ,
           Freedom
           ,
           and
           Safety
           )
           ought
           not
           only
           to
           be
           discouraged
           ,
           but
           totally
           rejected
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           That
           all
           Monopolies
           ,
           of
           what
           Nature
           or
           Kind
           soever
           ,
           are
           Destructive
           to
           Trade
           ,
           and
           consequently
           Obstructive
           to
           the
           increase
           of
           the
           value
           of
           our
           Lands
           ;
           and
           that
           therefore
           ,
           if
           there
           be
           any
           thing
           in
           the
           East-India
           Company
           's
           Charter
           ,
           or
           any
           Charter
           of
           Incorporated
           Merchants
           ;
           that
           hinders
           any
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Subjects
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           or
           Ireland
           ,
           from
           coming
           into
           that
           Trade
           ,
           upon
           as
           good
           Terms
           as
           others
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Subjects
           did
           ,
           or
           yet
           may
           ,
           it
           would
           tend
           to
           the
           general
           good
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           that
           such
           Barrs
           or
           Hinderances
           were
           removed
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           I
           am
           clearly
           of
           opinion
           (
           be
           it
           said
           without
           offence
           )
           that
           if
           all
           Strangers
           inhabiting
           in
           any
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Kingdoms
           (
           so
           they
           be
           not
           suffered
           to
           be
           of
           
           Government
           )
           had
           as
           free
           liberty
           to
           enter
           into
           any
           of
           our
           Incorporated
           Foreign
           Trades
           ,
           as
           any
           of
           his
           Majesties
           Native
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           is
           practiced
           in
           the
           
             United
             Netherlands
          
           ,
           it
           would
           greatly
           encrease
           the
           Trade
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           improve
           the
           value
           of
           Land.
           
        
         
           6.
           
           That
           those
           narrow
           Clauses
           in
           the
           Turkey
           Companies
           and
           other
           Charters
           ,
           which
           limit
           the
           Traders
           to
           be
           Freemen
           of
           London
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           Shop-keepers
           ,
           or
           other
           than
           such
           as
           they
           call
           Legitimate
           Merchants
           ;
           as
           also
           the
           practice
           of
           admitting
           no
           Man
           to
           be
           free
           of
           the
           Turkey
           Company
           under
           25
           l.
           if
           he
           be
           under
           25
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           or
           50
           l.
           if
           above
           ,
           are
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           Nation
           in
           general
           ,
           tho
           they
           may
           be
           for
           the
           advantage
           of
           the
           particular
           Traders
           ,
           for
           which
           I
           suppose
           they
           were
           calculated
           .
        
         
           7.
           
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           
             Nationally
             speaking
          
           ,
           are
           the
           wisest
           People
           now
           extant
           ,
           for
           the
           contriving
           and
           carrying
           on
           their
           Trades
           for
           the
           publick
           advantage
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
           If
           any
           shall
           here
           object
           ,
           that
           if
           it
           be
           so
           ,
           I
           am
           mistaken
           in
           my
           former
           Notion
           ,
           That
           Merchants
           are
           not
           always
           the
           best
           Judges
           of
           Trade
           ;
           for
           the
           Dutch
           have
           most
           Merchants
           in
           their
           Councils
           .
           The
           Honourable
           Sir
           
             William
             Temple
          
           hath
           already
           answered
           for
           me
           ,
           that
           their
           Councils
           are
           made
           up
           of
           very
           few
           or
           no
           trading
           Merchants
           ,
           but
           of
           Civilians
           ,
           or
           Sons
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           that
           have
           long
           since
           lest
           off
           their
           active
           Trades
           ,
           and
           have
           only
           now
           Stocks
           in
           their
           East
           and
           
             West
             India
          
           Companies
           ,
           or
           in
           their
           Banks
           and
           Cantores
           ,
           or
           other
           publick
           Fonds
           .
        
         
           8.
           
           That
           tho
           the
           Dominion
           of
           the
           Sea
           may
           be
           obtained
           by
           Arms
           ,
           and
           fortunate
           Battels
           at
           Sea
           ,
           it
           can
           never
           be
           retained
           ,
           preserved
           ,
           and
           maintained
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Excess
           and
           Predominancy
           of
           Forreign
           Trade
           .
        
         
         
           9.
           
           That
           Domestick
           and
           Foreign
           Trade
           do
           (
           as
           we
           vulgarly
           say
           of
           Twins
           ,
           but
           more
           truly
           of
           Trade
           )
           wax
           and
           wain
           together
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           were
           not
           an
           impropriety
           of
           Speech
           ,
           Land
           might
           be
           coupled
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           10.
           
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           Silver
           and
           Gold
           ,
           coined
           or
           uncoined
           ,
           tho
           they
           are
           used
           for
           a
           Measure
           of
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           are
           no
           less
           a
           Commodity
           than
           Wine
           ,
           Oyl
           ,
           Tobacco
           ,
           Cloth
           ,
           or
           Stuffs
           ;
           and
           may
           in
           many
           Cases
           be
           exported
           as
           much
           to
           National
           Advantage
           as
           any
           other
           Commodity
           .
        
         
           11.
           
           That
           no
           Nation
           ever
           was
           or
           will
           be
           considerable
           in
           Trade
           ,
           that
           prohibits
           the
           Exportation
           of
           Bullion
           .
        
         
           12.
           
           That
           though
           it
           may
           be
           best
           to
           be
           left
           free
           and
           indifferent
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           for
           the
           publick
           advantage
           to
           export
           Gold
           or
           Silver
           coined
           than
           uncoined
           :
           By
           the
           former
           we
           gain
           the
           Manufacture
           ,
           and
           something
           of
           Honour
           and
           Magnificence
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           have
           his
           Majesties
           Royal
           Stamp
           pass
           current
           in
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           13.
           
           I
           am
           confident
           ,
           whatever
           Nation
           hath
           the
           
             lowest
             Interest
          
           ,
           will
           certainly
           have
           their
           Lands
           in
           highest
           esteem
           and
           price
           ;
           and
           that
           no
           Nation
           shall
           ever
           over-match
           the
           Dutch
           in
           Trade
           ,
           till
           they
           mate
           them
           in
           the
           rate
           of
           Interest
           of
           Money
           .
        
         
           14.
           
           That
           the
           Dutch
           gain
           much
           more
           by
           Bullion
           and
           Foreign
           Commodities
           exported
           from
           their
           Provinces
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           chief
           are
           Wines
           ,
           East-India
           Goods
           ,
           English
           Herrings
           ,
           Greenland
           Oyl
           and
           Fins
           ,
           than
           by
           all
           their
           own
           native
           Productions
           and
           Manufactures
           .
        
         
           15.
           
           That
           it
           is
           as
           probable
           an
           attempt
           to
           wash
           a
           Blackamore
           White
           ,
           as
           to
           hope
           that
           ever
           we
           can
           cope
           with
           the
           Dutch
           in
           White
           Herrring
           Fishing
           ,
           Salt-droaging
           
           from
           St.
           Uvals
           to
           the
           East-Land
           ,
           or
           the
           Russia
           or
           Greenland
           Trade
           ,
           till
           the
           Interest
           of
           our
           Money
           be
           as
           low
           as
           theirs
           .
        
         
           16.
           
           I
           always
           bear
           that
           deference
           to
           the
           consent
           of
           Nations
           and
           Numbers
           ,
           that
           when-ever
           I
           see
           wise
           and
           great
           Nations
           ,
           having
           different
           Interests
           ,
           and
           various
           Forms
           of
           Government
           ,
           yet
           conspire
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           means
           ,
           to
           accomplish
           the
           same
           ends
           of
           Profit
           .
           ,
           Power
           and
           Honour
           ,
           I
           conclude
           ,
           they
           are
           nearer
           the
           right
           way
           to
           those
           ends
           ,
           than
           the
           wisest
           and
           best
           private
           Men
           living
           ,
           that
           hold
           contrary
           Opinions
           ,
           swayed
           by
           personal
           Profit
           or
           Loss
           ,
           Pique
           or
           Prejudice
           .
        
         
           17.
           
           I
           am
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           with
           submission
           to
           better
           Judgments
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           just
           as
           much
           need
           of
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           in
           England
           as
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           no
           more
           .
           Where
           Companies
           are
           necessary
           the
           Dutch
           have
           them
           ;
           and
           in
           such
           manner
           as
           is
           most
           necessary
           to
           the
           Nature
           and
           Commerce
           of
           the
           Countreys
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           are
           incorporated
           .
           And
           I
           never
           heard
           of
           any
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           there
           ,
           but
           those
           of
           the
           East
           and
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           and
           both
           in
           Joynt
           Stocks
           ;
           protected
           and
           defended
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           are
           of
           the
           same
           force
           as
           Acts
           of
           Parliaments
           with
           us
           .
        
         
           18.
           
           That
           there
           is
           a
           necessity
           of
           a
           Joynt
           Stock
           in
           all
           Foreign
           Trade
           ,
           where
           the
           Trade
           must
           be
           maintained
           by
           Force
           and
           Forts
           on
           the
           Land
           ;
           and
           where
           his
           Majesty
           cannot
           conveniently
           maintain
           an
           Amity
           and
           Correspondence
           by
           Embassadors
           ;
           and
           not
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           now
           return
           to
           what
           was
           proposed
           to
           be
           proved
           in
           the
           Title
           page
           ,
           viz.
           
        
         
           
           
             I.
             
               That
               the
            
             East-India
             
               Trade
               is
               the
               most
               National
               of
               all
               Foreign
               Trades
               .
            
          
           
             Which
             I
             prove
             thus
             :
             Viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             WHat
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             French
             ,
             Danes
             ,
             Portugals
             ,
             and
             which
             ,
             not
             long
             since
             ,
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             and
             now
             the
             D.
             of
             Brandenburgh
             ,
             have
             with
             so
             great
             Charge
             and
             Expence
             attempted
             ,
             and
             hedged
             about
             with
             Laws
             and
             Encouragements
             ,
             must
             certainly
             be
             a
             Matter
             of
             the
             greatest
             National
             Consequence
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             This
             Trade
             employs
             more
             great
             Warlike
             English
             Ships
             ,
             that
             may
             carry
             from
             50
             to
             70
             Guns
             a-piece
             ,
             than
             all
             the
             Trades
             of
             the
             World
             from
             England
             besides
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             This
             Trade
             alone
             furnisheth
             us
             with
             Saltpetre
             ,
             a
             Commodity
             so
             necessary
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             late
             Kings
             time
             the
             Nation
             suffered
             greatly
             by
             the
             want
             of
             it
             ;
             as
             is
             too
             well
             known
             and
             remembred
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Above
             four
             fifth
             parts
             of
             the
             Commodities
             Imported
             by
             this
             Trade
             ,
             are
             again
             Exported
             into
             Foreign
             parts
             ;
             by
             which
             the
             Navigation
             and
             Trade
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             is
             vastly
             encreased
             into
             
               Turkey
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               France
               ,
               Holland
               ,
            
             and
             other
             parts
             of
             Christendom
             ;
             by
             the
             Returns
             of
             which
             ,
             more
             than
             treble
             the
             Bullion
             is
             Imported
             ,
             that
             was
             first
             Exported
             to
             India
             ;
             and
             the
             Wealth
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             is
             as
             greatly
             encreased
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             direct
             Trade
             to
             and
             from
             the
             East-Indies
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Most
             of
             the
             East-India
             Commodities
             are
             of
             so
             small
             bulk
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             were
             
             not
             in
             English
             hands
             ,
             the
             Commodities
             ,
             notwithstanding
             any
             Laws
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             would
             come
             in
             from
             Holland
             (
             as
             the
             French
             Silks
             now
             do
             )
             with
             this
             difference
             only
             ;
             then
             we
             should
             pay
             as
             much
             for
             Pepper
             ,
             which
             we
             now
             sell
             for
             8
             d.
             the
             pound
             ,
             as
             we
             do
             for
             Nutmegs
             ,
             Cloves
             ,
             Mace
             ,
             Cinnamon
             which
             is
             from
             6
             s.
             to
             15
             
               s.
               per
            
             pound
             ;
             tho
             some
             of
             them
             are
             cheaper
             at
             the
             places
             of
             their
             Growth
             than
             Pepper
             is
             at
             Bantam
             ;
             but
             enhaunsed
             to
             that
             price
             by
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             having
             the
             sole
             Trade
             for
             them
             .
             By
             which
             I
             conclude
             this
             saves
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             that
             respect
             only
             ,
             500000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             that
             otherwise
             they
             would
             be
             outwitted
             of
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             All
             Riches
             and
             Power
             in
             Nations
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             private
             Families
             ,
             consists
             in
             comparison
             .
             A
             Gentleman
             in
             the
             Countrey
             may
             be
             accounted
             Rich
             ,
             if
             he
             be
             much
             richer
             than
             other
             Gentlemen
             ,
             his
             Neighbours
             ,
             tho
             but
             of
             moderate
             Estate
             .
             So
             England
             may
             be
             said
             to
             be
             Rich
             or
             Strong
             ,
             as
             our
             Strength
             or
             Riches
             bears
             a
             proportion
             with
             our
             Neighbour
             Nations
             ,
             French
             ,
             Dutch
             ,
             &c.
             and
             consequently
             whatever
             weakens
             or
             depopulates
             them
             ,
             enricheth
             and
             strengtheneth
             England
             .
             And
             most
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             That
             no
             Foreign
             Trade
             doth
             so
             work
             upon
             the
             Manufactures
             of
             our
             Neighbour
             Nations
             ,
             as
             this
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             ;
             for
             the
             Staple
             Countreys
             for
             Silks
             and
             Fine
             Linnen
             ,
             are
             
               Italy
               ,
               France
               ,
               Holland
               ,
               Flanders
               ,
            
             &c.
             insomuch
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             reasonably
             computed
             ,
             those
             Countreys
             ,
             by
             the
             Importation
             of
             East-India
             Silks
             and
             Callicoes
             ;
             not
             only
             into
             England
             ,
             but
             from
             England
             into
             their
             own
             Countreys
             ,
             are
             abated
             in
             those
             fine
             Manufactures
             above
             a
             Million
             of
             Pounds
             
               Sterling
               per
               Annum
            
             .
          
           
           
             7.
             
             And
             which
             is
             a
             consideration
             of
             great
             weight
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             of
             immense
             advantage
             to
             the
             strength
             ,
             populousness
             and
             riches
             of
             this
             Nation
             in
             a
             few
             years
             .
             England
             hath
             already
             the
             principal
             Trade
             of
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             and
             now
             a
             quicker
             vent
             and
             export
             for
             them
             than
             ever
             it
             had
             in
             the
             memory
             of
             any
             man
             living
             .
             But
             throughout
             Christendom
             I
             have
             ever
             been
             of
             Opinion
             that
             generally
             speaking
             ,
             there
             are
             more
             Men
             and
             Women
             imployed
             in
             Silk
             Manufactures
             than
             in
             Woollen
             :
             of
             which
             likewise
             England
             hath
             obtained
             a
             considerable
             part
             ,
             considering
             the
             short
             time
             since
             our
             Silk
             Broad
             Weaving
             began
             ;
             which
             was
             but
             since
             Mr.
             Burlimach
             brought
             in
             Silk-Diers
             and
             Throwsters
             ,
             towards
             the
             end
             of
             the
             late
             King
             James
             ,
             or
             beginning
             of
             King
             Charles
             the
             First
             's
             Regn.
             And
             I
             am
             credibly
             informed
             the
             number
             of
             Families
             already
             imployed
             therein
             in
             England
             ,
             doth
             amount
             to
             above
             40000.
             
             Now
             what
             should
             hinder
             ,
             but
             that
             in
             a
             few
             years
             more
             ,
             this
             Nation
             may
             treble
             that
             number
             in
             such
             Manufactures
             ;
             since
             the
             East-India
             Company
             have
             of
             late
             years
             found
             out
             a
             way
             of
             bringing
             Raw
             Silk
             of
             all
             sorts
             into
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             cheaper
             than
             it
             can
             be
             afforded
             in
             
               Turkey
               ,
               France
               ,
               Spair
               ,
               Italy
               ,
            
             or
             any
             other
             place
             where
             it
             is
             made
             .
             Insomuch
             ,
             as
             with
             East-India
             Silks
             ,
             we
             serve
             
               Holland
               ,
               Flanders
            
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             Markets
             from
             England
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             This
             Trade
             pays
             his
             Majesty
             about
             60000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             Custom
             ;
             aad
             carries
             out
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             yearly
             ,
             about
             60
             or
             70000
             l.
             in
             Lead
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Cloth
             ,
             Stuffs
             ;
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             of
             the
             Production
             and
             Manufacture
             of
             England
             :
             Which
             is
             not
             so
             considerable
             ,
             with
             respect
             to
             the
             quantity
             ,
             as
             in
             this
             ,
             That
             what
             we
             send
             to
             the
             East-Indies
             of
             our
             own
             Manufactures
             ,
             would
             not
             be
             sent
             at
             all
             ,
             if
             the
             English
             Nation
             were
             
             deprived
             of
             this
             Trade
             ;
             because
             neither
             Dutch
             nor
             French
             would
             enure
             the
             East-Indians
             to
             our
             English
             Manufactures
             :
             Of
             which
             we
             have
             clear
             instance
             in
             the
             Dutch
             Trade
             to
             Japan
             ;
             where
             they
             industriously
             avoid
             introducing
             our
             English
             Cloth.
             Which
             Countrey
             being
             exceeding
             large
             ,
             rich
             and
             populous
             ,
             and
             lying
             in
             such
             a
             Northern
             Latitude
             ,
             might
             vent
             as
             much
             of
             our
             English
             Manufactures
             ,
             as
             Spain
             and
             Portugal
             ,
             if
             we
             could
             gain
             a
             footing
             into
             that
             Trade
             :
             in
             the
             endeavour
             whereof
             the
             Company
             have
             already
             lost
             above
             Fifty
             thousand
             pounds
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             9.
             
             Tho
             the
             Company
             have
             lost
             so
             much
             in
             the
             attempt
             of
             the
             Trade
             with
             Japan
             ,
             they
             have
             lately
             got
             an
             Entrance
             into
             the
             Trade
             of
             Couchin-China
             and
             China
             :
             and
             have
             ,
             for
             a
             few
             years
             past
             ,
             settled
             Factories
             in
             three
             Ports
             thereof
             ,
             
               viz.
               Tywan
               ,
               Tonqueen
            
             and
             Amoy
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             Charge
             and
             Expence
             ,
             without
             reaping
             any
             Profit
             thereby
             to
             this
             time
             ,
             but
             a
             certain
             and
             constant
             Loss
             ,
             which
             they
             did
             and
             do
             continue
             notwithstanding
             ,
             out
             of
             a
             Zeal
             they
             have
             to
             promote
             the
             Consumption
             of
             our
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             ,
             in
             a
             Climate
             not
             altogether
             so
             hot
             as
             most
             parts
             of
             India
             are
             .
             Which
             probably
             may
             in
             some
             time
             turn
             to
             the
             publick
             advantage
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             when
             those
             raging
             and
             bloody
             Wars
             are
             ended
             between
             the
             Chineses
             and
             Tartars
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             II.
             
               That
               the
               Clamors
               ,
               Aspersions
               ,
               and
               Objections
               made
               against
               the
               present
            
             East-India
             
               Company
               ,
               are
               sinister
               ,
               selfish
               ,
               or
               groundless
               .
            
          
           
             BEfore
             I
             engage
             into
             the
             Discourse
             of
             Objections
             against
             the
             present
             East-India
             Company
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             stick
             to
             declare
             (
             though
             it
             be
             against
             the
             Sense
             of
             most
             of
             the
             now
             Adventurers
             )
             that
             in
             my
             judgment
             I
             am
             for
             a
             New
             Stock
             ,
             provided
             we
             can
             come
             honestly
             by
             it
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             without
             Injustice
             to
             the
             now
             Adventurers
             (
             who
             will
             be
             found
             to
             have
             deserved
             worthily
             of
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             when
             their
             Actions
             and
             Themselves
             shall
             come
             to
             be
             impartially
             considered
             )
             and
             without
             Detriment
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             general
             .
             Which
             notwithstanding
             is
             a
             Matter
             of
             great
             difficulty
             ;
             it
             being
             in
             Trade
             ,
             as
             with
             Trees
             ;
             great
             care
             is
             to
             be
             taken
             in
             removing
             an
             old
             one
             ,
             least
             upon
             the
             removal
             it
             die
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             suffer
             a
             shrewd
             stunt
             .
             Yet
             if
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             our
             Nation
             in
             that
             august
             Assembly
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             now
             convened
             ,
             shall
             incline
             to
             any
             a
             teration
             of
             the
             present
             Constitution
             ,
             I
             think
             this
             time
             may
             be
             as
             opportune
             as
             any
             .
             1st
             .
             Because
             our
             Neighbours
             are
             not
             now
             at
             leasure
             (
             the
             French
             being
             very
             low
             in
             India
             and
             the
             Dutch
             not
             altogether
             so
             Rampant
             as
             formerly
             )
             to
             make
             their
             Advantage
             of
             our
             Unsettlement
             ,
             during
             the
             Transition
             from
             one
             Stock
             to
             another
             .
             2ly
             .
             Because
             the
             Profits
             of
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             were
             never
             so
             much
             cried
             up
             as
             now
             they
             are
             :
             So
             that
             ,
             I
             hope
             ,
             the
             Subscriptions
             may
             prove
             the
             larger
             to
             the
             ensuing
             
             Stock
             .
             And
             yet
             I
             must
             desire
             to
             be
             excused
             ,
             if
             I
             think
             those
             that
             complain
             most
             of
             the
             Old
             ,
             will
             not
             be
             found
             the
             forwardest
             Subscribers
             to
             a
             New
             Stock
             .
             3ly
             .
             Because
             when
             we
             tell
             Gentlemen
             or
             others
             ,
             they
             may
             buy
             Stock
             ,
             and
             come
             into
             the
             Company
             when
             they
             please
             :
             They
             presently
             reply
             ,
             They
             know
             that
             ,
             but
             then
             they
             must
             pay
             280
             l.
             for
             100
             l.
             And
             when
             we
             say
             the
             intrinsic
             Value
             is
             worth
             so
             much
             ;
             which
             is
             as
             true
             as
             2
             and
             2
             makes
             4
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             not
             so
             soon
             Demonstrated
             to
             their
             apprehensions
             ,
             notwithstanding
             it
             is
             no
             hard
             task
             to
             make
             out
             ,
             that
             the
             quick
             Stock
             of
             the
             
               English
               East-India
            
             Company
             is
             at
             this
             time
             more
             than
             the
             Dutch
             quick
             Stock
             proportionable
             to
             their
             respective
             first
             Subscriptions
             ;
             and
             yet
             their
             Actions
             now
             are
             currant
             at
             440
             l.
             or
             450
             
               l.
               per
               Cent.
            
             In
             truth
             ,
             I
             that
             have
             reason
             to
             inspect
             and
             know
             as
             much
             of
             it
             as
             any
             Man
             ,
             had
             rather
             buy
             in
             this
             Stock
             ,
             now
             it
             is
             ,
             at
             300
             l.
             for
             100
             l.
             then
             come
             into
             any
             New
             Stock
             at
             even
             Money
             .
             Therefore
             ,
             for
             general
             satisfaction
             ,
             I
             could
             wish
             the
             Experiment
             of
             a
             New
             Subscription
             were
             tried
             .
             4ly
             .
             If
             a
             New
             Stock
             were
             now
             establish'd
             ,
             to
             please
             the
             Generality
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             I
             should
             not
             despair
             but
             that
             such
             New
             Stock
             would
             have
             a
             Parliamentary
             Sanction
             ;
             which
             this
             only
             wants
             ,
             to
             be
             as
             strong
             in
             its
             Foundation
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             in
             all
             other
             Nations
             ;
             and
             which
             being
             obtained
             ,
             I
             am
             persuaded
             would
             in
             less
             than
             an
             Age
             ,
             render
             his
             Majesty
             as
             indubitably
             Sovereign
             of
             the
             Ocean
             ,
             as
             he
             is
             now
             of
             
               Great
               Britain
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             the
             Seas
             adjacent
             .
             5ly
             .
             If
             an
             English
             Company
             were
             settled
             upon
             such
             a
             Foundation
             ,
             there
             would
             be
             more
             Encouragement
             to
             maintain
             and
             defend
             some
             Trades
             by
             Arms
             ,
             which
             cannot
             otherwise
             be
             enjoyed
             or
             secured
             :
             Which
             no
             Company
             built
             upon
             an
             uncertain
             Basis
             ,
             can
             be
             
             supposed
             to
             adventure
             the
             Charge
             or
             Hazard
             of
             ;
             while
             they
             are
             not
             sure
             to
             enjoy
             their
             Acquests
             in
             case
             of
             Success
             .
          
           
             But
             to
             return
             to
             my
             Theme
             ,
             and
             muster
             up
             all
             the
             Objections
             I
             can
             remember
             to
             have
             heard
             against
             the
             present
             Company
             .
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               1.
               
               The
               first
               that
               comes
               to
               my
               Mind
               ,
               is
               that
               of
               some
               of
               the
               Turkey
               Merchants
               :
               They
               say
               ,
               
                 The
                 bringing
                 in
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 Silk
                 and
                 so
                 cheap
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 publick
                 Nusance
                 ,
                 and
                 destroys
                 their
                 Trade
                 ,
                 which
                 depends
                 wholly
                 upon
                 the
                 Exportation
                 of
                 Woollen
                 Manufacture
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
              
               East-India
               
                 Company
                 send
                 out
                 little
                 Manufacture
                 and
                 much
                 Bullion
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               1.
               
               Lanswer
               ,
               First
               ,
               That
               it
               's
               strange
               Doctrine
               to
               any
               sort
               of
               Men
               skill'd
               in
               the
               Political
               part
               of
               Trade
               ,
               That
               the
               making
               of
               a
               Material
               cheap
               ,
               that
               is
               to
               be
               Manufactured
               at
               Home
               ,
               or
               Exported
               again
               into
               Foreign
               Countreys
               ,
               should
               be
               to
               the
               publick
               Damage
               of
               any
               Countrey
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               the
               Turkey
               Merchants
               do
               Ship
               out
               much
               Cloth
               ,
               I
               deny
               not
               ;
               but
               as
               true
               it
               is
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               Shipt
               out
               more
               Yearly
               since
               the
               great
               encrease
               of
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               ,
               and
               since
               themselves
               have
               made
               this
               Complaint
               ,
               than
               they
               did
               in
               former
               Years
               .
               So
               that
               in
               Fact
               it
               doth
               not
               follow
               that
               the
               encrease
               of
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               ,
               and
               particularly
               of
               their
               Importation
               of
               Silk
               ,
               doth
               hinder
               or
               diminish
               the
               Exportation
               of
               Cloth
               to
               Turkey
               ,
               but
               rather
               the
               contrary
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               question
               is
               not
               now
               ,
               Which
               Company
               sends
               out
               most
               Woollen
               Manufactures
               ,
               but
               which
               is
               the
               most
               profitable
               Trade
               to
               the
               Nation
               :
               Which
               I
               hope
               ,
               I
               have
               proved
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               to
               be
               ;
               especially
               if
               the
               before-mentioned
               Consideration
               be
               taken
               in
               ,
               that
               what
               English
               Commodities
               the
               East-India
               Company
               exports
               ,
               
               would
               not
               be
               exported
               at
               all
               ,
               if
               the
               English
               had
               no
               Trade
               thither
               :
               Because
               other
               Nations
               that
               Trade
               thither
               are
               under
               Joynt-Stocks
               ,
               and
               Political
               Councils
               ,
               and
               consequently
               would
               send
               none
               of
               our
               Manufactures
               .
               But
               as
               long
               as
               there
               is
               a
               Market
               for
               our
               English
               Cloth
               in
               Turkey
               ,
               if
               the
               English
               did
               not
               send
               it
               thither
               ,
               the
               Dutch
               would
               ;
               because
               in
               Holland
               there
               is
               no
               Turkey
               Company
               ;
               but
               any
               Man
               ,
               Native
               or
               Foreigner
               may
               send
               what
               Commodities
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               please
               ,
               for
               Turkey
               ,
               except
               they
               be
               staied
               for
               Convoy
               by
               some
               Act
               of
               State.
               And
               where
               all
               Men
               have
               liberty
               to
               Trade
               at
               Discretion
               ,
               they
               will
               naturally
               deal
               in
               those
               Commodities
               they
               can
               get
               most
               by
               ,
               be
               they
               Foreign
               or
               Domestick
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               If
               Bullion
               be
               exported
               ,
               and
               that
               hinder
               not
               the
               exportation
               of
               our
               English
               Manufactures
               ,
               as
               in
               fact
               doth
               appear
               :
               And
               if
               for
               every
               10
               s.
               value
               sent
               out
               ,
               30
               s.
               be
               brought
               in
               Bullion
               at
               the
               long
               run
               ,
               which
               is
               most
               evident
               in
               the
               course
               of
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               ;
               who
               can
               doubt
               but
               the
               exportation
               of
               Bullion
               in
               such
               a
               Trade
               ,
               is
               a
               real
               and
               great
               advantage
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Besides
               their
               Cloth
               ,
               the
               Turkey
               Merchants
               do
               send
               out
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Bullion
               themselves
               ;
               as
               appears
               by
               their
               Entries
               at
               the
               Custom-House
               :
               In
               which
               they
               do
               well
               for
               themselves
               and
               their
               Countrey
               ,
               but
               not
               well
               in
               complaining
               of
               others
               at
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               for
               the
               same
               thing
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               truth
               of
               the
               Case
               at
               bottom
               is
               but
               this
               ,
               The
               Importation
               of
               better
               and
               cheaper
               Raw
               Silk
               from
               India
               ,
               may
               probably
               touch
               some
               Turkey
               Merchants
               profit
               at
               present
               ,
               though
               it
               doth
               benefit
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               not
               hinder
               the
               exportation
               of
               Cloth.
               What
               then
               ?
               Must
               one
               Trade
               be
               interrupted
               because
               it
               works
               upon
               another
               ?
               At
               that
               rate
               there
               would
               be
               nothing
               but
               confusion
               in
               a
               Nation
               
                 ad
                 infinitum
              
               .
               The
               Italian
               Merchants
               
               
               
               
               
               may
               quarrel
               the
               Portugal
               Merchants
               ,
               because
               they
               do
               now
               in
               a
               plentiful
               Year
               Import
               from
               Portugal
               4000
               Pipes
               of
               Oyl
               
                 per
                 Annum
              
               ;
               as
               formerly
               they
               did
               not
               use
               to
               import
               above
               100
               Pipes
               annually
               .
               The
               Shoemakers
               pull
               down
               the
               Coblers
               ;
               those
               that
               make
               Red
               Herrings
               destroy
               those
               that
               dry
               Sprats
               ,
               because
               quantities
               of
               the
               latter
               pull
               down
               the
               price
               of
               the
               former
               .
               Of
               the
               same
               kind
               was
               the
               late
               project
               of
               the
               Inn-keepers
               to
               pull
               down
               the
               Haokney
               Coaches
               ;
               and
               so
               might
               peradventure
               with
               much
               more
               probability
               of
               truth
               ,
               the
               Portugal
               Merchants
               pretend
               that
               our
               Plantation
               Sugars
               spoil
               their
               Trade
               ,
               and
               hinder
               the
               exportation
               of
               our
               Woollen
               Manufactures
               to
               Portugal
               .
               Of
               which
               in
               reality
               the
               first
               part
               only
               is
               true
               .
               Our
               Plantation
               Sugars
               have
               brought
               down
               their
               Lisbon
               Sugars
               from
               8
               l.
               10
               
                 s.
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               to
               2
               l.
               10
               
                 s.
                 per
                 Cent.
              
               within
               my
               memory
               :
               and
               yet
               the
               exportation
               of
               Woollen
               Manufactures
               to
               Portugal
               ,
               is
               now
               greater
               than
               ever
               it
               was
               since
               England
               was
               a
               trading
               Nation
               .
               Just
               as
               it
               is
               and
               will
               prove
               in
               the
               Turkey
               trade
               ;
               the
               Similie
               holds
               ,
               and
               will
               hold
               thorowout
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               If
               those
               Turkey
               Merchants
               think
               the
               East-India
               Trade
               so
               good
               ,
               why
               do
               they
               not
               come
               into
               it
               themselves
               .
               The
               door
               is
               open
               always
               to
               them
               and
               all
               the
               Kings
               Subjects
               ,
               buying
               and
               selling
               there
               is
               daily
               ;
               and
               some
               Noblemen
               ,
               Gentlemen
               ,
               and
               others
               of
               quality
               and
               place
               ,
               have
               lately
               bought
               Stock
               ,
               and
               the
               East-India
               Company
               have
               taken
               nothing
               for
               their
               Freedom
               .
               The
               most
               they
               can
               take
               is
               5
               l.
               But
               if
               any
               East-India
               Merchants
               desire
               to
               trade
               for
               Turkey
               ,
               they
               must
               answer
               several
               hard
               questions
               before
               they
               can
               be
               let
               in
               .
               1.
               
               How
               old
               are
               you
               ?
               2.
               
               Are
               you
               a
               Freeman
               of
               London
               ?
               3.
               
               Are
               you
               no
               Shopkeeper
               ,
               or
               a
               Legitimate
               Merchant
               ?
               When
               you
               have
               answered
               all
               these
               questions
               to
               their
               
               content
               ,
               if
               you
               are
               above
               25
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               there
               's
               50
               l.
               to
               pay
               before
               you
               can
               trade
               ;
               which
               is
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               money
               to
               part
               with
               ,
               before
               one
               knows
               whether
               he
               shall
               get
               or
               lose
               by
               the
               Bargain
               .
            
          
           
             
               Obj.
               2.
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 above
              
               80
               
                 Legitimate
                 Merchants
                 in
                 the
              
               East-India
               Company
               .
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               First
               ,
               I
               answer
               ,
               First
               ,
               By
               Legitimate
               Merchants
               ,
               I
               suppose
               they
               mean
               such
               as
               have
               served
               Apprenticeships
               to
               Merchants
               ,
               in
               the
               number
               whereof
               I
               believe
               they
               reckon
               short
               above
               half
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               That
               it
               matters
               not
               two
               straws
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               legitimate
               in
               their
               sense
               ,
               or
               illegitimate
               .
               In
               the
               whole
               they
               are
               now
               Five
               hundred
               fifty
               and
               six
               which
               is
               more
               by
               a
               great
               many
               than
               the
               Turkey
               Merchants
               ,
               and
               more
               by
               above
               half
               then
               they
               would
               be
               ,
               if
               the
               Trade
               were
               not
               managed
               in
               a
               Joynt
               Stock
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               3.
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 the
                 Company
                 have
                 half
                 the
                 known
                 World
                 in
                 their
                 Charter
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 's
                 too
                 much
                 for
                 any
                 Company
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               I
               answer
               First
               ,
               This
               Company
               have
               no
               more
               in
               their
               Charter
               ,
               than
               all
               the
               East-India
               Companies
               in
               Christendom
               have
               in
               their
               Charters
               :
               and
               from
               thence
               infer
               ,
               that
               either
               so
               much
               as
               is
               in
               the
               Charter
               ought
               to
               be
               for
               publick
               Utility
               ;
               or
               elle
               all
               Christendom
               ,
               except
               those
               few
               Gentlemen
               that
               complain
               ,
               are
               mistaken
               in
               their
               Politicks
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Tho
               the
               Charter
               run
               in
               the
               stile
               of
               ,
               
                 The
                 Merchants
                 of
              
               London
               
                 trading
                 to
                 the
              
               East-Indies
               ;
               yet
               in
               truth
               the
               Company
               is
               a
               Company
               of
               all
               ,
               or
               so
               many
               of
               the
               Kings
               Subjects
               ,
               as
               did
               desire
               to
               be
               concerned
               in
               that
               Trade
               ,
               or
               yet
               do
               ;
               they
               buying
               the
               Stock
               of
               any
               dead
               Person
               ,
               or
               other
               that
               is
               willing
               to
               sell.
               
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               3.
               
               
                 But
                 it
                 s
                 dear
                 buying
                 at
                 280
                 l.
              
               per
               Cent.
               
            
          
           
             
               Answ
               1.
               
               It
               's
               less
               than
               the
               intrinsique
               value
               ,
               if
               the
               
               Stock
               were
               now
               to
               be
               broke
               up
               ,
               if
               I
               can
               calculate
               aright
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               If
               it
               be
               too
               dear
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               but
               any
               Man
               may
               be
               as
               justly
               compelled
               to
               sell
               his
               House
               or
               Land
               at
               the
               Buyers
               price
               ,
               or
               else
               be
               disseized
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               his
               Stock
               in
               the
               East-India
               Company
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               4.
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 the
                 Charter
                 hath
                 exorbitant
                 and
                 illegal
                 Clauses
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Answ
               1.
               
               I
               believe
               no
               Charter
               in
               Europe
               hath
               less
               of
               that
               kind
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               It
               's
               absolutely
               necessary
               for
               the
               Publick
               Good
               ,
               that
               who-ever
               governs
               a
               Trade
               so
               remote
               from
               England
               ,
               and
               by
               such
               a
               multitude
               of
               hands
               as
               the
               Company
               are
               forced
               to
               imploy
               ,
               should
               have
               some
               extraordinary
               Power
               committed
               to
               them
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Whatever
               is
               in
               the
               Charter
               ,
               I
               never
               knew
               or
               heard
               of
               any
               arbitrary
               Act
               that
               ever
               the
               Company
               did
               ;
               nor
               any
               Ships
               or
               Goods
               that
               ever
               they
               seized
               by
               vertue
               of
               their
               Charter
               ,
               tho
               they
               have
               had
               cause
               often
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               4.
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 the
                 Company
                 hath
                 imposed
                 and
                 exacted
                 great
                 Fines
                 ,
                 Mulcts
                 and
                 Forfeitures
                 ,
                 to
                 an
                 immense
                 value
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               I
               never
               knew
               them
               take
               any
               Fine
               or
               Forfeiture
               ,
               but
               what
               any
               man
               might
               do
               in
               the
               same
               case
               ,
               without
               a
               Charter
               :
               What
               they
               do
               take
               in
               any
               case
               ,
               being
               either
               by
               submission
               of
               the
               party
               ,
               by
               agreement
               with
               the
               Master
               and
               Owners
               in
               Charterparty
               ,
               or
               by
               Arbitrations
               ;
               and
               always
               in
               pursuance
               of
               Legal
               Obligations
               ,
               sealed
               and
               delivered
               .
               The
               manner
               whereof
               is
               briefly
               this
               :
               They
               agree
               with
               all
               their
               Factors
               and
               Servants
               ,
               and
               also
               with
               Masters
               of
               Ships
               ,
               before
               they
               entertain
               them
               into
               their
               Service
               ,
               that
               they
               shall
               not
               carry
               or
               bring
               home
               prohibited
               Goods
               ;
               and
               if
               they
               do
               ,
               they
               shall
               subduct
               out
               of
               their
               Freight
               a
               
               certain
               rate
               for
               each
               piece
               or
               sort
               of
               prohibited
               Commodities
               :
               which
               they
               do
               accordingly
               subduct
               out
               of
               the
               Freight
               ;
               which
               in
               effect
               is
               from
               themselves
               :
               for
               most
               of
               the
               Owners
               of
               the
               Ships
               ,
               imployed
               by
               the
               Company
               ,
               are
               East-India
               Adventures
               :
               Which
               I
               know
               by
               experience
               ,
               being
               a
               Part-Owner
               my self
               of
               a
               considerable
               number
               of
               Ships
               ,
               employed
               by
               them
               .
               And
               yet
               ,
               to
               do
               the
               Company
               right
               ,
               I
               must
               acknowledge
               that
               the
               Ships
               imployed
               by
               them
               (
               such
               deductions
               notwithstanding
               )
               make
               better
               Voyages
               and
               gain
               more
               Mone●jeor
               their
               Owners
               ,
               than
               any
               Ships
               whatsoever
               ,
               that
               sail
               out
               of
               England
               :
               And
               the
               Commanders
               and
               Officers
               of
               such
               Ships
               ,
               generally
               grow
               much
               richer
               in
               a
               short
               time
               ,
               than
               any
               others
               ,
               of
               any
               Trade
               or
               Nation
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               And
               so
               indulgent
               are
               the
               Company
               to
               common
               Seamen
               ,
               that
               they
               allow
               every
               Man
               or
               Boy
               that
               will
               ,
               in
               their
               several
               Ships
               ,
               to
               bring
               5
               pieces
               free
               of
               stated
               Damage
               ,
               erroneously
               called
               Mulct
               .
               And
               if
               any
               Seaman
               happen
               to
               bring
               10
               or
               15
               Pieces
               ,
               the
               Committees
               entrusted
               with
               that
               Affair
               ,
               commonly
               stretch
               that
               Order
               to
               the
               allowing
               the
               Seaman
               5
               Pieces
               for
               himself
               ,
               5
               Pieces
               for
               his
               Wife
               ,
               and
               5
               Pieces
               for
               his
               Child
               ,
               if
               he
               have
               any
               ;
               and
               if
               he
               have
               none
               ,
               they
               usually
               ask
               the
               party
               whether
               he
               have
               not
               a
               Father
               ,
               Mother
               ,
               or
               other
               Relation
               :
               so
               that
               they
               invent
               ways
               to
               favour
               him
               ,
               above
               the
               Companies
               Rule
               afore-said
               ,
               of
               only
               5
               Pieces
               to
               one
               Person
               .
            
             
               To
               encourage
               likewise
               the
               importation
               of
               Gold
               from
               China
               ,
               from
               whence
               small
               quantities
               do
               come
               every
               year
               ,
               and
               very
               great
               quantities
               will
               come
               in
               a
               few
               years
               ;
               the
               Company
               do
               not
               only
               permit
               the
               entrance
               of
               it
               free
               of
               stated
               Damage
               ,
               but
               give
               the
               Fraight
               of
               it
               gratis
               .
            
             
               The
               Company
               do
               likewise
               allow
               to
               all
               their
               Commanders
               ,
               
               President
               ,
               Agents
               ,
               Factors
               and
               Servants
               ,
               all
               kind
               of
               Trade
               in
               India
               ,
               from
               and
               to
               any
               Port
               or
               Place
               within
               the
               Limits
               of
               their
               Charter
               ,
               except
               to
               and
               from
               Europe
               :
               Whereas
               on
               the
               contrary
               the
               Dutch
               ,
               tho
               they
               are
               a
               People
               known
               to
               be
               as
               tenacious
               and
               as
               obstinate
               defenders
               of
               their
               Liberty
               ,
               as
               any
               People
               in
               Europe
               ,
               do
               restrain
               all
               those
               that
               serve
               them
               in
               India
               ,
               from
               all
               the
               most
               profitable
               trades
               from
               place
               to
               place
               ,
               within
               the
               limits
               of
               their
               Charter
               ;
               and
               indulge
               no
               kind
               of
               private
               or
               permissive
               trade
               whatsoever
               ,
               to
               or
               from
               Europe
               .
            
             
               Now
               let
               any
               indifferent
               Man
               judge
               ,
               besides
               that
               whatever
               the
               Company
               doth
               in
               the
               case
               of
               stated
               Damages
               ,
               every
               private
               man
               may
               do
               ,
               that
               can
               Freight
               a
               whole
               Ship
               by
               himself
               and
               Partners
               ;
               whether
               it
               be
               not
               highly
               reasonable
               ,
               that
               seeing
               the
               Company
               are
               at
               above
               100000
               l.
               yearly
               charge
               in
               East-India
               and
               England
               ,
               that
               whoever
               participates
               of
               that
               Trade
               ,
               should
               proportionably
               contribute
               to
               the
               Expences
               that
               necessarily
               attend
               the
               preservation
               of
               it
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               5.
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 besides
                 Raw
                 Silk
                 ,
                 the
                 Company
                 imports
                 Wrought
                 Silk
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Silk
                 Manufacture
                 in
              
               England
               .
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               1.
               
               This
               Objection
               lies
               as
               much
               and
               more
               against
               all
               other
               Wrought
               Silks
               ,
               imported
               into
               England
               from
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Holland
              
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               part
               of
               the
               World.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Silks
               ,
               which
               the
               Company
               commonly
               bring
               in
               ,
               are
               ,
               the
               main
               part
               of
               them
               Taffaties
               ,
               and
               other
               plain
               or
               striped
               Silks
               and
               Pelongs
               ,
               such
               as
               are
               not
               usually
               made
               in
               England
               ,
               but
               imported
               from
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Italy
              
               ,
               and
               Holland
               ;
               where
               lately
               ,
               when
               Pelongs
               were
               scarce
               ,
               many
               were
               made
               and
               imitated
               at
               Harlem
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               imported
               into
               England
               .
               So
               this
               importation
               works
               upon
               our
               Neighbours
               ,
               preserves
               the
               ballance
               of
               
               our
               Trade
               ;
               and
               consequently
               encreaseth
               the
               Capital
               of
               our
               Nation
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               And
               which
               is
               beyond
               all
               contradiction
               ,
               as
               will
               appear
               by
               the
               Entries
               at
               the
               Custom-house
               ,
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Wrought
               Silks
               ,
               imported
               by
               the
               East-India
               Company
               ,
               are
               again
               shipt
               out
               to
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Holland
              
               ,
               and
               other
               foreign
               parts
               ;
               which
               is
               a
               great
               and
               growing
               advantage
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               Kingdom
               in
               general
               :
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               because
               for
               all
               Foreign
               Goods
               re-exported
               ,
               his
               Majesty
               hath
               in
               consequence
               ,
               the
               half
               Custom
               paid
               him
               by
               strangers
               ,
               without
               taking
               a
               penny
               out
               of
               his
               Subjects
               Purses
               :
               and
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               by
               preserving
               and
               meliorating
               the
               ballance
               of
               our
               Trade
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               :
               Besides
               the
               gain
               of
               Freight
               ,
               Portage
               ,
               Wharfage
               ,
               Ware-house-room
               ;
               and
               all
               other
               petty
               Charges
               :
               amongst
               which
               may
               be
               reckoned
               the
               advantage
               accrewing
               by
               the
               expence
               of
               such
               Foreigners
               ,
               while
               they
               stay
               here
               ,
               as
               the
               Companies
               Sales
               do
               necessarily
               draw
               over
               hither
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               6.
               
               
                 Some
                 Clothiers
                 complain
                 that
                 the
              
               East-India
               
                 Company
                 hinders
                 the
                 vent
                 of
                 Cloth.
                 
              
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               1.
               
               This
               indeed
               is
               a
               fine
               practice
               ,
               and
               deserves
               a
               thorow
               inspection
               .
               1.
               
               Who
               they
               are
               that
               complained
               .
               2.
               
               When
               and
               how
               they
               began
               to
               complain
               .
               3.
               
               Why
               they
               complain
               .
               1.
               
               For
               the
               time
               when
               ;
               it
               was
               in
               the
               year
               1674
               ,
               or
               1675
               ,
               as
               I
               remember
               :
               Then
               they
               had
               the
               confidence
               to
               tell
               the
               Parliament
               ,
               the
               Company
               would
               spoil
               the
               trade
               of
               Cloth
               ;
               and
               bring
               the
               price
               of
               Wooll
               to
               nothing
               .
               But
               in
               fact
               ,
               the
               Company
               hath
               now
               stood
               Five
               or
               six
               years
               since
               that
               time
               ,
               and
               much
               augmented
               their
               trade
               for
               India
               ,
               but
               Wooll
               is
               advanced
               in
               price
               above
               50
               
                 per
                 Cent
              
               :
               and
               such
               a
               trade
               there
               is
               and
               hath
               been
               for
               woollen
               Manufactures
               ,
               as
               England
               never
               see
               in
               any
               former
               Age.
               2.
               
               Who
               
               they
               were
               that
               complained
               ;
               not
               the
               poor
               Kentish
               Clothiers
               ,
               that
               have
               lost
               their
               Trade
               ;
               nor
               the
               Suffolk
               men
               ,
               that
               have
               lost
               their
               Manufacture
               of
               Blew
               Cloth
               ;
               but
               the
               
                 Worcestershire
                 ,
                 Glocestershire
              
               and
               Somersetshire
               men
               ,
               that
               do
               now
               make
               and
               vend
               above
               twenty
               times
               the
               quantity
               of
               Cloth
               ,
               which
               they
               did
               before
               this
               Company
               was
               erected
               .
               3.
               
               How
               they
               began
               to
               complain
               ;
               which
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               been
               informed
               ,
               was
               thus
               :
               Their
               first
               Petition
               was
               drawn
               only
               against
               the
               Turkey
               Company
               ,
               for
               making
               but
               one
               Cloth
               Shipping
               in
               a
               year
               :
               but
               entertaining
               a
               certain
               Council
               (
               since
               famous
               for
               other
               matters
               )
               he
               told
               them
               ,
               for
               some
               reasons
               best
               known
               to
               himself
               ,
               they
               should
               draw
               their
               Petition
               against
               the
               East-India
               Company
               likewise
               ;
               which
               accordingly
               they
               did
               :
               but
               whether
               they
               were
               Dutch
               or
               English
               that
               paid
               the
               best
               Fees
               ,
               that
               I
               could
               never
               discover
               .
               4.
               
               Why
               they
               complained
               .
               That
               I
               believe
               few
               of
               them
               understood
               :
               It
               could
               not
               be
               because
               their
               Trade
               sunk
               ;
               for
               that
               was
               manifestly
               and
               wonderfully
               increased
               .
               It
               could
               not
               be
               because
               the
               East-India
               Company
               ,
               as
               a
               Company
               ,
               sent
               out
               less
               Cloth
               than
               was
               sent
               for
               India
               in
               the
               open
               trade
               :
               for
               the
               Entries
               at
               Custom-house
               will
               evidence
               ,
               that
               the
               Company
               ,
               since
               their
               last
               Incorporation
               ,
               have
               sent
               out
               in
               some
               one
               year
               ,
               above
               ten
               times
               as
               much
               Cloth
               ,
               as
               was
               ever
               sent
               out
               in
               the
               time
               of
               open
               trade
               .
               But
               why
               then
               did
               they
               complain
               ?
               Really
               I
               cannot
               tell
               ;
               but
               peradventure
               their
               Council
               aforesaid
               ,
               or
               some
               Turkey
               Merchants
               ,
               their
               Customers
               ,
               might
               inform
               them
               ,
               that
               if
               the
               Trade
               of
               India
               were
               open
               ,
               there
               would
               be
               a
               new
               world
               for
               Cloth
               ,
               that
               would
               vent
               as
               much
               as
               the
               old
               World.
               And
               if
               they
               had
               any
               Dutch
               or
               French
               Customers
               ,
               no
               question
               they
               would
               not
               be
               backward
               to
               encourage
               so
               good
               a
               work
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Object
               .
               7.
               
               
                 They
                 complain
                 that
                 the
                 present
                 Stock
                 is
                 ingrossed
                 into
                 a
                 few
                 hands
                 ;
                 some
                 single
                 Adventurers
                 having
              
               16
               or
               17000
               
                 l.
                 principal
                 Stock
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 names
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               An.
               1.
               
               If
               this
               be
               true
               ,
               the
               Complaint
               of
               it
               would
               sound
               better
               out
               of
               the
               mouth
               of
               an
               old
               Leveller
               ,
               than
               a
               Merchants
               ,
               living
               under
               a
               free
               and
               Royal
               Monarchy
               .
               And
               yet
               to
               give
               the
               maddest
               of
               men
               their
               due
               ,
               neither
               the
               late
               English
               Levellers
               ,
               nor
               their
               Elder
               Brethren
               ,
               the
               Tribunes
               of
               the
               People
               of
               Rome
               ;
               nor
               yet
               the
               more
               Ancient
               Lacedemonians
               or
               other
               Greeks
               ;
               none
               of
               them
               had
               ever
               that
               Excess
               of
               Indiseretion
               ,
               as
               to
               pretend
               to
               Stint
               ,
               much
               less
               to
               Level
               Personal
               Estates
               :
               Which
               if
               they
               could
               be
               made
               even
               at
               noon
               ,
               would
               be
               unequal
               before
               night
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               If
               there
               were
               any
               thing
               in
               this
               Objection
               ,
               certainly
               the
               Dutch
               ,
               being
               a
               Republick
               ,
               would
               have
               found
               a
               Remedy
               for
               it
               before
               this
               time
               :
               Whereas
               on
               the
               contrary
               they
               think
               whoever
               adventures
               most
               in
               their
               Joynt
               Stocks
               ,
               doth
               most
               oblige
               the
               Common-wealth
               ,
               tho
               he
               be
               a
               stranger
               ;
               insomuch
               as
               one
               Swasso
               a
               Jew
               ,
               now
               or
               late
               living
               in
               Amsterdam
               ,
               I
               am
               Informed
               hath
               had
               at
               one
               time
               in
               their
               East-India
               Stock
               above
               the
               value
               of
               300000
               l.
               Sterling
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               more
               any
               Adventurer
               hath
               in
               the
               Stock
               ,
               the
               more
               he
               is
               engaged
               to
               study
               and
               promote
               the
               good
               of
               it
               ,
               by
               all
               possible
               means
               within
               his
               power
               .
               An
               Adventurer
               that
               hath
               the
               smallest
               interest
               ,
               may
               be
               as
               just
               and
               true
               to
               the
               Stock
               ,
               as
               he
               that
               hath
               the
               greatest
               :
               but
               I
               can
               never
               believe
               that
               a
               small
               interest
               will
               awaken
               a
               man
               so
               often
               in
               the
               night
               ,
               nor
               keep
               him
               so
               long
               from
               sleeping
               ,
               in
               the
               meditation
               of
               any
               business
               ;
               as
               a
               very
               great
               and
               principal
               concern
               may
               do
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Notwithstanding
               the
               largeness
               of
               any
               of
               the
               Adventurers
               
               Stocks
               ,
               there
               are
               yet
               Five
               hundred
               fifty
               six
               Adventurers
               :
               which
               is
               a
               greater
               number
               than
               are
               to
               be
               found
               in
               any
               trade
               ,
               that
               hath
               not
               a
               Joynt
               Stock
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               8.
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 other
                 Ports
                 and
                 Places
                 within
                 the
                 limits
                 of
                 the
                 Companies
                 Charter
                 ,
                 where
                 English
                 Commodities
                 would
                 vend
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Company
                 do
                 not
                 trade
                 unto
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               1.
               
               I
               believe
               there
               can
               never
               be
               any
               Society
               that
               will
               more
               industriously
               expatiate
               and
               enlarge
               the
               Trade
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               in
               those
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               than
               this
               hath
               done
               ,
               by
               all
               peaceable
               means
               .
               I
               am
               sure
               100000
               l.
               will
               not
               excuse
               them
               for
               the
               losses
               they
               have
               sustained
               in
               such
               attempts
               .
               Many
               Factories
               they
               haue
               settled
               ,
               and
               after
               a
               vast
               loss
               have
               been
               forced
               to
               with-draw
               them
               .
               
                 Tywan
                 ,
                 Tonqueen
                 ,
                 Siam
              
               ,
               and
               Amoy
               ,
               before-mentioned
               ,
               they
               settled
               within
               these
               Six
               or
               seven
               years
               past
               ;
               and
               lost
               a
               year
               or
               two
               before
               ,
               50000
               l.
               in
               their
               attempt
               of
               a
               settlement
               at
               Japan
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               As
               there
               be
               many
               Ports
               in
               England
               ,
               but
               a
               Foreigner
               that
               trades
               to
               and
               from
               London
               ,
               may
               if
               he
               will
               ,
               participate
               of
               all
               the
               English
               Trade
               ,
               without
               having
               particular
               Factories
               in
               the
               Out-ports
               :
               So
               in
               East-India
               ,
               a
               Factory
               at
               Suratt
               ,
               will
               share
               in
               all
               the
               Trades
               of
               the
               
                 Red
                 Sea
              
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Moca
               ,
               and
               other
               parts
               within
               the
               Correspondency
               of
               that
               Presidency
               .
               The
               same
               may
               be
               said
               of
               Bantam
               ,
               and
               many
               other
               places
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               Suratt
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               In
               very
               many
               places
               of
               India
               ,
               where
               the
               Company
               do
               prudently
               avoid
               settling
               English
               Factories
               ;
               they
               do
               notwithstanding
               carry
               on
               a
               Trade
               and
               Correspondency
               by
               Bannians
               ,
               Vakeels
               and
               other
               Natives
               .
               By
               which
               means
               they
               avoid
               the
               charge
               of
               Presents
               to
               Governours
               ,
               and
               that
               ostentatious
               expensive
               way
               ,
               which
               the
               Companies
               Factors
               are
               necessitated
               to
               appear
               
               in
               ,
               in
               all
               places
               where
               they
               settle
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               mode
               of
               that
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               honour
               of
               the
               English
               Nation
               ,
               and
               the
               East-India
               Company
               .
            
          
           
             
               Object
               .
               9.
               
               
                 It
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Company
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 Joynt
                 Stock
                 ,
                 many
                 more
                 Ships
                 might
                 be
                 imployed
                 in
              
               India
               ,
               
                 from
                 one
                 Port
                 to
                 another
                 in
                 trading
                 Voyages
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               1.
               
               The
               Company
               want
               neither
               Stock
               nor
               Skill
               ,
               or
               will
               ,
               to
               imploy
               as
               many
               Ships
               as
               they
               can
               gain
               by
               :
               and
               have
               almost
               doubled
               the
               quantity
               of
               their
               Stock
               and
               Tunnage
               within
               these
               ten
               years
               ,
               and
               are
               like
               yearly
               to
               increase
               ,
               to
               the
               Nations
               greater
               advantage
               ;
               if
               they
               be
               not
               interrupted
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Company
               have
               now
               25
               Ships
               and
               Vessels
               trading
               in
               the
               East-Indies
               ,
               from
               Port
               to
               Port
               ,
               besides
               11
               great
               Ships
               sent
               out
               last
               year
               ,
               hereafter
               particularly
               mentioned
               ;
               which
               are
               abundantly
               enough
               to
               answer
               all
               the
               Companies
               occasions
               of
               that
               kind
               ;
               the
               rather
               ,
               because
               the
               Company
               do
               generously
               allow
               ,
               not
               only
               to
               their
               President
               ,
               Agents
               ,
               Factors
               ,
               and
               Merchants
               ,
               but
               to
               all
               the
               English
               Nation
               living
               in
               any
               places
               within
               their
               Charter
               ;
               
                 being
                 the
                 King
                 of
              
               Englands
               
                 Subjects
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 hundred
                 of
                 Families
                 )
              
               free
               liberty
               of
               Trade
               ,
               to
               and
               from
               all
               Ports
               and
               Places
               in
               India
               ;
               and
               in
               any
               Commodities
               whatsoever
               without
               exception
               .
               By
               which
               means
               many
               scores
               of
               small
               Ships
               and
               Vessels
               are
               imployed
               in
               those
               trades
               ;
               and
               the
               trade
               fully
               supplied
               .
               By
               this
               means
               our
               Native
               Commodities
               are
               dispersed
               ;
               and
               all
               India
               Goods
               collected
               from
               the
               several
               less
               considerable
               Ports
               of
               India
               ,
               do
               at
               length
               center
               in
               the
               principal
               Ports
               ;
               where
               the
               Company
               have
               Factories
               ,
               Forts
               ,
               Cities
               and
               Garisons
               :
               and
               from
               thence
               do
               come
               for
               Europe
               ,
               in
               the
               Companies
               returned
               Ships
               .
               And
               if
               this
               be
               not
               directly
               after
               the
               Dutch
               mode
               ,
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               think
               ,
               in
               a
               few
               
               years
               more
               ,
               if
               the
               Company
               be
               not
               interrupted
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               found
               to
               be
               a
               better
               .
               And
               I
               have
               been
               told
               ,
               their
               late
               Ancient
               ,
               Learned
               ,
               and
               Experienced
               General
               of
               
                 Batavia
                 ,
                 Matsuker
              
               ,
               did
               before
               his
               Death
               ,
               write
               to
               the
               Committees
               of
               the
               
                 Dutch
                 East-India
              
               Company
               ,
               to
               this
               or
               the
               like
               purpose
               :
            
          
           
             
               Obj.
               10.
               
               
                 Since
                 the
              
               East-India
               
                 Company
                 was
                 Incorporated
                 ,
                 Coinage
                 hath
                 abated
                 in
              
               England
               .
            
          
           
             
               Answ.
               This
               is
               a
               meer
               groundless
               Chimaera
               ,
               and
               will
               appear
               so
               ,
               if
               the
               old
               Mint-Master
               as
               well
               as
               the
               new
               ones
               ,
               be
               Examined
               .
               The
               proportion
               of
               Coinage
               (
               except
               when
               we
               Coined
               the
               King
               of
               Spains
               Money
               for
               his
               Wars
               in
               Flanders
               )
               having
               generally
               in
               my
               observation
               ,
               born
               a
               proportion
               to
               ,
               and
               followed
               the
               Price
               of
               Corn
               in
               
                 England
                 ;
                 viz.
              
               when
               Corn
               was
               dear
               ,
               we
               had
               little
               Coinage
               ;
               in
               all
               cheap
               years
               of
               Corn
               ,
               the
               Mint
               hath
               been
               greatly
               supplied
               .
            
             
               I
               can
               remember
               no
               more
               Objections
               against
               the
               East-India
               Company
               or
               Trade
               ,
               and
               therefore
               must
               proceed
               to
               the
               next
               particular
               ,
               viz.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             III.
             
               That
               since
               the
               Discovery
               of
               the
            
             East-Indies
             ,
             
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Sea
               depends
               much
               upon
               the
               wain
               or
               increase
               of
               that
               Trade
               ;
               and
               consequently
               the
               security
               of
               the
               Liberty
               ,
            
          
           
           
             
               Property
               ,
               and
               Protestant
               Religion
               of
               this
               Kingdom
               .
            
          
           
             THe
             first
             part
             of
             this
             Proposition
             is
             meerly
             Historical
             ;
             and
             so
             well
             known
             to
             all
             that
             look
             beyond
             the
             present
             Age
             we
             live
             in
             ,
             that
             the
             proof
             of
             it
             will
             require
             little
             pains
             .
             While
             the
             Spaniards
             had
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             the
             Trade
             of
             India
             ,
             they
             were
             able
             to
             invade
             England
             with
             a
             Navy
             ,
             by
             them
             called
             Invincible
             :
             and
             so
             it
             was
             ,
             as
             to
             mans
             understanding
             ,
             if
             the
             strength
             of
             it
             be
             barely
             considered
             ;
             but
             their
             Skill
             was
             not
             good
             ,
             nor
             their
             Ships
             of
             a
             Fabrick
             fit
             for
             our
             Seas
             :
             their
             Cause
             was
             naught
             ,
             and
             the
             Providence
             of
             Almighty
             God
             blasted
             them
             .
             The
             Dutch
             ,
             since
             the
             Portugals
             sunk
             in
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             ,
             have
             grown
             so
             potent
             in
             and
             by
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             Indies
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             in
             three
             great
             and
             bloody
             Wars
             ,
             contended
             with
             us
             for
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea
             ;
             and
             yet
             secretly
             do
             not
             allow
             us
             the
             predominancy
             .
             Tho
             they
             are
             not
             now
             at
             leisure
             to
             try
             the
             fourth
             War
             for
             it
             ,
             yet
             if
             through
             the
             folly
             or
             madness
             of
             a
             few
             unthinking
             or
             self-interested
             men
             ,
             we
             should
             deprive
             our selves
             of
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             (
             which
             God
             in
             mercy
             to
             England
             forbid
             )
             we
             should
             certainly
             save
             them
             the
             experiment
             of
             fighting
             with
             us
             the
             fourth
             time
             .
             They
             would
             carry
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Sea
             clear
             ,
             and
             hold
             it
             for
             ever
             ;
             or
             until
             their
             Common-wealth
             should
             be
             destroyed
             by
             Land
             force
             ,
             or
             intestine
             Broils
             .
          
           
             If
             any
             man
             shall
             say
             ,
             Why
             then
             ?
             Are
             the
             East-India
             Ships
             of
             such
             a
             mighty
             auxiliary
             Force
             ,
             that
             without
             their
             aid
             we
             cannot
             over-ballance
             the
             Dutch
             in
             Naval
             Power
             ?
             I
             answer
             ,
             Those
             Ships
             ,
             and
             the
             Men
             
             in
             them
             ,
             are
             of
             very
             great
             Force
             ;
             as
             will
             hereafter
             appear
             .
             But
             he
             that
             looks
             no
             further
             than
             into
             the
             bare
             force
             of
             the
             Ships
             and
             Men
             now
             employed
             by
             the
             Company
             ,
             doth
             not
             see
             the
             tenth
             part
             of
             the
             way
             into
             this
             great
             Business
             :
             For
             if
             we
             should
             throw
             off
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             ,
             the
             Dutch
             would
             soon
             treble
             their
             strength
             and
             power
             in
             India
             ,
             and
             quickly
             subdue
             all
             other
             European
             Nations
             in
             that
             Trade
             ;
             as
             they
             lately
             did
             the
             French
             ,
             notwithstanding
             their
             great
             strength
             at
             Home
             ;
             and
             have
             since
             ,
             I
             hear
             ,
             quarrelled
             the
             Danes
             .
             By
             means
             whereof
             they
             would
             become
             sole
             Masters
             of
             all
             those
             rich
             and
             necessary
             Commodities
             of
             the
             East
             ;
             and
             make
             the
             European
             World
             pay
             five
             times
             more
             for
             them
             ,
             than
             now
             they
             do
             ;
             as
             they
             have
             already
             done
             by
             Cloves
             ,
             Mace
             ,
             Cinnamon
             ,
             and
             Nutmegs
             .
             Which
             would
             so
             vastly
             encrease
             their
             Riches
             ,
             as
             to
             render
             them
             irresistible
             .
             All
             Wars
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             sense
             Land-Wars
             ,
             since
             the
             Artillery
             used
             ,
             is
             become
             so
             chargeable
             ,
             being
             in
             effect
             but
             dropping
             of
             Doits
             ;
             that
             Nation
             that
             can
             spend
             most
             and
             hold
             out
             longest
             ,
             will
             carry
             the
             Victory
             at
             last
             ,
             with
             indifferent
             Counsels
             .
             If
             it
             be
             said
             ,
             Where
             shall
             they
             have
             Men
             ?
             I
             answer
             ,
             If
             they
             have
             Trade
             and
             Money
             enough
             ,
             they
             cannot
             want
             Men.
             Seamen
             are
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Universe
             ;
             and
             where
             ever
             they
             are
             bred
             ,
             will
             resort
             to
             the
             best
             Pay
             ,
             and
             most
             constant
             Employment
             ;
             especially
             in
             a
             Countrey
             where
             they
             cannot
             be
             prest
             or
             compelled
             into
             any
             Service
             against
             their
             Wills.
             
          
           
             But
             it
             must
             be
             further
             considered
             ,
             That
             all
             other
             Foreign
             Trade
             in
             Europe
             ,
             doth
             greatly
             depend
             upon
             East-India
             Commodities
             ;
             and
             if
             we
             lose
             the
             Importation
             of
             them
             into
             Europe
             ,
             we
             shall
             soon
             abate
             in
             all
             our
             other
             Foreign
             Trade
             and
             Navigation
             :
             and
             the
             Dutch
             will
             more
             than
             proportionably
             increase
             theirs
             .
             The
             proportion
             
             of
             our
             Decay
             and
             their
             Increase
             ,
             in
             such
             a
             Case
             ,
             would
             indeed
             be
             exactly
             the
             same
             ;
             but
             that
             the
             excess
             of
             price
             which
             they
             would
             make
             the
             European
             World
             pay
             for
             East-India
             Commodities
             more
             than
             now
             they
             do
             ,
             would
             cause
             a
             disproportionable
             and
             greater
             increase
             of
             their
             Riches
             .
             The
             augmentation
             whereof
             would
             further
             enable
             them
             to
             overballance
             us
             and
             all
             others
             ,
             in
             Trade
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             in
             Naval
             strength
             .
          
           
             If
             it
             shall
             be
             said
             ,
             Admit
             all
             that
             is
             writ
             upon
             this
             Head
             to
             be
             probable
             ,
             is
             not
             the
             Consequence
             
               (
               viz.
            
             the
             security
             of
             the
             Liberty
             ,
             Property
             ,
             and
             Protestant
             Religion
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             )
             far
             fetcht
             ,
             and
             brought
             in
             as
             popular
             phrases
             ,
             to
             gain
             and
             please
             a
             Party
             ,
             as
             the
             Clothiers
             and
             Artificers
             Petition
             was
             formerly
             on
             the
             other
             side
             .
             I
             answer
             ,
             I
             cannot
             hinder
             Men
             from
             thinking
             their
             own
             way
             :
             but
             God
             Almighty
             ,
             that
             knows
             my
             Heart
             ,
             knows
             that
             I
             scorn
             to
             use
             any
             such
             sacred
             terms
             to
             or
             for
             any
             such
             sinister
             or
             selfish
             respect
             ,
             or
             to
             please
             any
             sort
             of
             Men
             living
             .
             All
             that
             I
             have
             or
             shall
             write
             in
             this
             Treatise
             ,
             is
             what
             I
             do
             really
             and
             stedfastly
             believe
             ,
             upon
             very
             long
             and
             serious
             Meditation
             ,
             and
             many
             Years
             conference
             with
             almost
             all
             sorts
             of
             Men
             ,
             English
             and
             Strangers
             :
             And
             if
             notwithstanding
             I
             do
             err
             in
             some
             things
             (
             as
             
               humanum
               est
            
             )
             it
             is
             for
             want
             of
             better
             understanding
             .
             But
             to
             return
             to
             the
             Matter
             ,
             Can
             any
             man
             that
             looks
             abroad
             into
             the
             World
             ,
             doubt
             of
             the
             truth
             of
             that
             Observation
             ,
             viz.
             That
             Trade
             never
             thrives
             in
             any
             Countrey
             that
             is
             not
             Protestant
             ;
             though
             not
             in
             all
             that
             are
             so
             ;
             for
             reasons
             which
             I
             could
             offer
             ,
             but
             that
             they
             are
             not
             necessary
             here
             .
             Is
             it
             not
             obvious
             to
             every
             Man's
             understanding
             ,
             that
             since
             Queen
             
             Elizabeth's
             time
             ,
             our
             Customs
             are
             encreased
             from
             14000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             to
             above
             700000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ?
             Is
             it
             not
             evident
             that
             the
             People
             of
             the
             United
             
             Netherlands
             ,
             since
             their
             being
             Protestant
             ,
             are
             increased
             more
             in
             Trade
             and
             Wealth
             in
             100
             Years
             ,
             than
             the
             ancient
             and
             fortunate
             Romans
             did
             in
             400
             Years
             after
             the
             foundation
             of
             their
             flourishing
             Commonwealth
             ?
             Have
             not
             the
             French
             ,
             since
             they
             were
             but
             
               Partie
               par
               paile
            
             ,
             part
             Protestants
             and
             part
             Papists
             ,
             increased
             more
             in
             Trade
             and
             Shipping
             in
             100
             Years
             ,
             then
             they
             did
             in
             500
             Years
             before
             ?
             I
             once
             discoursed
             a
             Popish
             Lord
             ,
             soon
             after
             his
             Majestie
             's
             happy
             Restauration
             ,
             who
             is
             since
             dead
             ,
             who
             told
             me
             it
             was
             never
             well
             in
             England
             ,
             nor
             would
             be
             ,
             while
             we
             kept
             such
             a
             stir
             about
             promoting
             of
             Trade
             .
             I
             confess
             I
             liked
             his
             Lordship
             the
             worse
             for
             that
             expression
             ,
             but
             I
             thought
             the
             better
             of
             his
             Parts
             .
             A
             Naval
             Power
             never
             affrights
             us
             ;
             Seamen
             never
             did
             nor
             ever
             will
             destroy
             the
             Liberty
             of
             their
             own
             Countrey
             :
             They
             naturally
             hate
             Slavery
             ,
             because
             they
             see
             so
             much
             of
             the
             misery
             of
             it
             in
             other
             Countreys
             .
             All
             Tyrannies
             in
             the
             World
             are
             supported
             by
             Land-Armies
             :
             No
             absolute
             Princes
             have
             great
             Navies
             ,
             or
             great
             Trades
             :
             very
             few
             of
             them
             ,
             though
             they
             have
             large
             Territories
             ,
             can
             match
             that
             little
             Town
             of
             Hamburgh
             in
             Shipping
             .
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             is
             powerful
             and
             populous
             ,
             and
             is
             arrived
             to
             the
             height
             of
             Military
             Vertue
             ;
             by
             which
             they
             are
             become
             formidable
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             to
             our
             Neighbours
             .
             Who
             do
             we
             fear
             may
             destroy
             our
             Liberty
             ,
             Property
             and
             Religion
             ?
             (
             which
             three
             are
             one
             in
             substance
             )
             but
             the
             Papists
             and
             the
             French
             ;
             which
             likewise
             are
             two
             names
             for
             one
             thing
             ;
             and
             so
             we
             should
             have
             found
             it
             ,
             if
             God
             Almighty
             had
             not
             disappointed
             them
             .
             Now
             under
             God's
             Providence
             ,
             what
             can
             best
             secure
             us
             from
             them
             but
             our
             Naval
             Strength
             ,
             and
             what
             doth
             especially
             increase
             and
             support
             that
             ,
             but
             our
             East-India
             Trade
             :
             which
             I
             think
             I
             have
             sufficiently
             
             proved
             to
             the
             conviction
             of
             every
             impartial
             and
             unbiassed
             Englishman
             :
             And
             if
             so
             ,
             the
             Consequence
             in
             this
             Proposition
             is
             most
             natural
             and
             irrefragable
             .
          
           
             But
             if
             notwithstanding
             it
             shall
             be
             replied
             upon
             me
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             former
             part
             of
             the
             Discourse
             on
             this
             Inference
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             That
             Trade
             thrives
             in
             Protestant
             Countries
             ;
             therefore
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             is
             the
             cause
             of
             our
             so
             great
             increase
             in
             Trade
             and
             Navigation
             ,
             and
             not
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             .
             I
             answer
             ,
             First
             ,
             That
             the
             great
             increase
             of
             Trade
             ,
             is
             not
             a
             constant
             and
             infallible
             consequence
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ;
             because
             it
             proves
             not
             so
             in
             all
             Protestant
             Countreys
             :
             But
             whatever
             Nation
             increaseth
             in
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             ,
             never
             fails
             proportionably
             to
             increase
             in
             other
             Foreign
             Trade
             and
             Navigation
             .
             Secondly
             ,
             Admit
             that
             our
             Reformation
             to
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             were
             one
             principal
             cause
             at
             first
             of
             our
             advance
             in
             Trade
             and
             Navigation
             ;
             yet
             now
             it
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             the
             increase
             of
             our
             Trade
             and
             Navigation
             ,
             is
             a
             great
             means
             ,
             under
             God
             ,
             to
             secure
             and
             preserve
             our
             Protestant
             Religion
             :
             Foreign
             Trade
             produceth
             Riches
             ,
             Riches
             Power
             ,
             Power
             preserves
             our
             Trade
             and
             Religion
             ;
             they
             mutually
             work
             one
             upon
             and
             for
             the
             preservation
             of
             each
             other
             :
             As
             was
             well
             said
             by
             the
             late
             learned
             Lord
             Bacon
             ,
             though
             in
             a
             different
             Case
             ,
             in
             his
             History
             of
             Henry
             the
             7th
             ,
             That
             that
             Kings
             Fortune
             work'd
             upon
             his
             Nature
             ,
             and
             his
             Nature
             upon
             his
             Fortune
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             IV.
             
               That
               the
               Trade
               of
               the
            
             East-Indies
             
               cannot
               be
               carried
               on
               to
               National
               Advantage
               by
               a
               Regulated
               Company
               ,
               or
               in
               any
               other
               way
               than
               by
               a
               Joynt
               Stock
               .
            
          
           
             BEfore
             I
             ingage
             in
             this
             Argument
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             necessary
             to
             explain
             ,
             What
             's
             the
             Constitution
             of
             a
             Regulated
             Trade
             ,
             such
             as
             the
             Turkey
             Company
             ,
             and
             other
             like
             Companies
             of
             Merchants
             of
             London
             are
             .
             2ly
             .
             What
             a
             Company
             United
             in
             a
             Joynt-Stock
             is
             .
             To
             begin
             with
             the
             first
             ,
             A
             Regulated
             Company
             is
             hard
             to
             define
             ,
             and
             harder
             to
             resemble
             .
             It
             s
             the
             Confinement
             of
             a
             Trade
             to
             a
             certain
             number
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             exclusive
             to
             above
             99
             parts
             of
             100
             ;
             with
             power
             in
             the
             major
             part
             to
             hinder
             the
             lesser
             ,
             from
             shipping
             out
             any
             Goods
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             greater
             number
             think
             fit
             ;
             and
             to
             levy
             a
             Tax
             upon
             the
             Trade
             at
             the
             discretion
             of
             the
             greater
             number
             of
             Votes
             .
             In
             brief
             ,
             it
             is
             a
             Heteroclite
             ,
             unto
             which
             (
             out
             of
             England
             )
             there
             is
             nothing
             now
             in
             the
             World
             like
             ,
             in
             any
             other
             Kingdom
             or
             Commonwealth
             whatsoever
             ,
             that
             ever
             I
             could
             read
             or
             hear
             of
             :
             All
             those
             Trades
             that
             are
             regulated
             and
             confined
             to
             certain
             Persons
             in
             England
             ,
             being
             open
             and
             free
             to
             all
             People
             ,
             in
             all
             other
             Kingdoms
             and
             States
             .
             Their
             Courts
             are
             perfect
             Democracies
             ;
             where
             one
             that
             trades
             but
             for
             100
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             hath
             as
             good
             a
             Vote
             as
             another
             that
             trades
             for
             20000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             .
             In
             those
             Courts
             they
             appoint
             the
             time
             of
             Shipping
             ,
             choose
             their
             Embassador
             and
             two
             Consuls
             ;
             settle
             a
             Tax
             ,
             which
             they
             call
             Leviations
             ,
             upon
             the
             Trade
             .
             And
             although
             I
             have
             a
             profound
             veneration
             for
             all
             
             things
             then
             settled
             in
             Church
             and
             State
             ,
             and
             for
             those
             wise
             and
             worthy
             Councellors
             that
             assisted
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             in
             those
             infant
             times
             of
             our
             Reformation
             and
             Trade
             ;
             and
             am
             apt
             to
             think
             ,
             when
             those
             Constitutions
             were
             made
             ,
             they
             were
             useful
             and
             proper
             to
             that
             time
             :
             Yet
             I
             must
             acknowledge
             that
             in
             my
             opinion
             ,
             if
             all
             those
             Trades
             that
             are
             Regulated
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Confined
             to
             certain
             Persons
             only
             ▪
             were
             free
             and
             open
             to
             all
             the
             King's
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             in
             Holland
             and
             all
             other
             places
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             infinitely
             more
             for
             the
             general
             good
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             Neither
             do
             I
             see
             any
             reason
             why
             the
             Trades
             of
             
               Turkey
               ,
               Hamburgh
               ,
               East-land
               ,
               Russia
               ,
            
             and
             Greenland
             ,
             which
             in
             England
             are
             Limited
             or
             Regulated
             ,
             as
             they
             call
             it
             ,
             should
             need
             such
             Limitation
             ,
             or
             Regulation
             ,
             more
             in
             England
             than
             they
             do
             in
             other
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             or
             more
             than
             other
             Trades
             to
             
               Italy
               ,
               France
               ,
               Spain
            
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             part
             of
             the
             World.
             And
             if
             something
             might
             be
             alledged
             for
             a
             Regulation
             ,
             what
             can
             be
             said
             why
             it
             is
             not
             for
             the
             publick
             Utility
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             King's
             Subjects
             might
             Trade
             to
             any
             Countrey
             if
             they
             please
             ;
             whether
             they
             be
             Noblemen
             ,
             Gentlemen
             ,
             Men
             of
             the
             Gown
             ,
             Shop-keepers
             ,
             or
             whatever
             they
             be
             :
             the
             more
             the
             better
             for
             the
             Common
             Good.
             To
             enforce
             which
             ,
             much
             more
             might
             be
             said
             ;
             but
             that
             's
             not
             my
             Business
             now
             .
          
           
             A
             Company
             in
             Joynt-Stock
             are
             a
             Corporation
             by
             Charter
             (
             and
             if
             it
             were
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             much
             better
             for
             the
             Kingdom
             in
             general
             ,
             as
             hath
             been
             said
             )
             into
             which
             Stock
             all
             the
             King's
             Subjects
             ,
             of
             what
             condition
             soever
             ,
             have
             at
             the
             foundation
             of
             it
             ,
             liberty
             to
             Adventure
             what
             sum
             of
             Money
             they
             please
             .
             The
             Stock
             and
             Trade
             is
             managed
             by
             a
             Select
             Council
             ,
             or
             Committee
             ,
             consisting
             of
             a
             Governor
             ,
             Deputy
             ,
             and
             24
             Committees
             ,
             chosen
             annually
             
             by
             the
             Generality
             ;
             in
             which
             every
             Adventurer
             doth
             not
             Vote
             a
             like
             ,
             but
             proportionably
             to
             his
             Stock
             ,
             viz.
             Every
             250
             l.
             Original
             Stock
             ,
             hath
             one
             Vote
             ;
             500
             l.
             paid
             in
             ,
             hath
             two
             Votes
             ,
             &c.
             
             After
             the
             first
             Stock
             is
             settled
             ,
             no
             Man
             can
             come
             in
             but
             by
             Purchase
             ;
             which
             every
             Englishman
             hath
             an
             equal
             liberty
             to
             do
             ;
             and
             for
             which
             he
             pays
             nothing
             if
             he
             be
             a
             Freeman
             :
             if
             unfree
             ,
             never
             above
             5
             l.
             In
             England
             the
             Company
             hath
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             our
             late
             Civil
             Wars
             and
             Confusions
             ,
             been
             interrupted
             several
             times
             ,
             and
             there
             have
             been
             new
             Subscriptions
             :
             But
             in
             Holland
             ,
             since
             the
             first
             settlement
             thereof
             ,
             in
             Anno
             1602
             ,
             there
             has
             been
             no
             interruption
             or
             breaking
             up
             of
             the
             Stock
             ,
             or
             new
             Subscription
             ;
             and
             such
             continuance
             is
             certainly
             best
             for
             the
             Publick
             .
          
           
             Having
             described
             the
             nature
             of
             these
             two
             sorts
             of
             Companies
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             I
             shall
             now
             descend
             to
             the
             proof
             of
             the
             Proposition
             ,
             viz.
             That
             a
             United
             Stock
             is
             absolutely
             necessary
             to
             the
             carrying
             on
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             to
             National
             Advantage
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             1.
             
             My
             first
             Argument
             I
             shall
             draw
             from
             the
             Practice
             and
             Experience
             of
             all
             other
             Nations
             .
             Certainly
             all
             the
             World
             are
             not
             weak
             in
             their
             Intellects
             whatever
             those
             Gentlemen
             think
             that
             complain
             of
             the
             East-India
             Company
             .
             If
             any
             shall
             tell
             me
             ,
             this
             Argument
             will
             not
             hold
             universally
             ;
             for
             the
             Portugals
             have
             a
             Trade
             for
             East-India
             ,
             and
             yet
             have
             no
             Joynt-Stock
             .
             I
             answer
             ,
             under
             those
             Gentlemens
             favour
             ,
             I
             know
             there
             is
             a
             Joynt-Stock
             for
             this
             Trade
             in
             Portugal
             ;
             or
             else
             there
             could
             have
             been
             no
             Trade
             worth
             speaking
             of
             .
             But
             true
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             Joynt-Stock
             in
             Portugal
             ,
             is
             the
             King's
             Exchequer
             ,
             who
             reserves
             Pepper
             ,
             Diamonds
             ,
             Silk
             ,
             Callicoes
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             considerable
             India
             Commodities
             to
             himself
             ;
             and
             leaves
             only
             some
             few
             Toys
             and
             trivial
             Commodities
             to
             his
             
             Subjects
             :
             and
             yet
             for
             want
             of
             a
             more
             perfect
             National
             Constitution
             ,
             we
             have
             seen
             how
             the
             Portugal
             Trade
             in
             India
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             great
             Roots
             it
             had
             drawn
             in
             a
             long
             uninterrupted
             course
             of
             time
             ,
             dwindled
             to
             nothing
             ,
             when
             it
             came
             to
             be
             confronted
             and
             out-done
             ,
             by
             the
             more
             National
             and
             better
             constituted
             Joynt
             Stocks
             of
             England
             and
             Holland
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             Nation
             peradventure
             ,
             were
             never
             governed
             by
             wiser
             Counsels
             for
             their
             own
             good
             ,
             than
             under
             the
             present
             King.
             They
             were
             some
             years
             past
             ,
             zealously
             set
             upon
             the
             East-India
             Trade
             ;
             and
             I
             am
             assured
             ,
             spared
             for
             neither
             pains
             nor
             cost
             ,
             to
             arrive
             at
             the
             best
             method
             ;
             but
             gave
             immense
             rewards
             to
             any
             that
             could
             give
             them
             any
             rational
             light
             or
             information
             ,
             to
             lay
             such
             a
             foundation
             of
             Trade
             ,
             as
             might
             be
             proper
             for
             those
             Eastern
             Countreys
             .
             See
             what
             ,
             how
             ,
             and
             why
             they
             did
             resolve
             at
             last
             by
             the
             printed
             Translation
             of
             the
             French
             Treatise
             ,
             relating
             to
             that
             settlement
             ;
             which
             will
             save
             me
             the
             labour
             of
             inlarging
             upon
             this
             Argument
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             2.
             
             The
             English
             East-India
             Company
             ,
             have
             now
             (
             as
             every
             body
             knows
             )
             their
             money
             at
             
               3
               per
               Cent.
            
             interest
             .
             Every
             English
             Man
             that
             trades
             in
             an
             open
             or
             regulated
             Trade
             ,
             must
             value
             his
             own
             money
             at
             
               6
               per
               Cent.
            
             at
             least
             (
             or
             pay
             so
             much
             if
             he
             takes
             up
             money
             )
             because
             he
             can
             gain
             so
             much
             by
             it
             sleeping
             or
             playing
             :
             Those
             that
             work
             ,
             or
             run
             hazards
             ,
             hope
             to
             do
             better
             .
             Now
             if
             the
             Company
             ,
             with
             their
             united
             Stock
             and
             Counsels
             ,
             and
             money
             at
             
               3
               per
               Cent
            
             ;
             have
             much
             a
             do
             to
             hold
             up
             against
             the
             subtil
             Dutch
             ;
             what
             shall
             poor
             private
             Merchants
             ,
             of
             divided
             ,
             various
             ,
             and
             contrary
             interests
             ,
             do
             with
             their
             little
             separate
             Stocks
             at
             
               6
               per
               Cent.
               per
               Anuum
            
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             3.
             
             Suppose
             the
             Trade
             of
             India
             might
             be
             carried
             
             on
             in
             an
             open
             or
             regulated
             way
             ,
             if
             other
             Nations
             did
             so
             (
             which
             is
             never
             to
             be
             granted
             )
             yet
             in
             regard
             that
             all
             other
             European
             Nations
             ,
             do
             at
             this
             time
             trade
             there
             in
             Joynt
             Stocks
             ;
             is
             it
             not
             as
             great
             madness
             to
             enter
             raw
             and
             private
             Persons
             ,
             against
             such
             compacted
             and
             united
             Constitutious
             of
             experienced
             Councellors
             ,
             as
             to
             fight
             a
             disordered
             undisciplined
             multitude
             ,
             against
             a
             well
             governed
             Veteran
             Army
             ,
             supported
             with
             an
             inexhaustible
             Treasure
             ;
             or
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             to
             imagine
             ,
             as
             some
             men
             fondly
             do
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             maintain
             and
             defend
             our
             Protestant
             Religion
             against
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             without
             a
             National
             Church
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             4.
             
             If
             the
             Company
             should
             be
             destroyed
             ,
             and
             the
             Trade
             left
             open
             ,
             the
             Companies
             Priviledges
             and
             Immunities
             in
             East-India
             would
             be
             lost
             ;
             which
             have
             cost
             this
             Company
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             their
             Predecessors
             ,
             vast
             sums
             of
             money
             to
             maintain
             and
             retrieve
             ,
             after
             they
             were
             almost
             ruined
             in
             the
             late
             three
             years
             open
             Trade
             .
             If
             I
             am
             asked
             what
             those
             Priviledges
             and
             Immunities
             are
             ?
             They
             are
             
               so
               many
            
             and
             
               so
               great
            
             ,
             as
             is
             scarce
             credible
             to
             any
             not
             acquainted
             with
             the
             Trade
             of
             India
             .
             For
             publick
             satisfaction
             ,
             I
             shall
             mention
             some
             few
             of
             them
             ;
             all
             would
             burden
             me
             to
             write
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Reader
             .
             We
             have
             the
             liberty
             of
             Coining
             Money
             for
             our selves
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Nations
             ;
             which
             passeth
             currant
             in
             all
             the
             King
             of
             
             Gulconda's
             Countreys
             .
             We
             are
             Custom-free
             in
             almost
             all
             places
             ,
             and
             in
             some
             ,
             where
             the
             Dutch
             and
             all
             other
             Nations
             pay
             a
             constant
             Custom
             :
             particularly
             in
             all
             places
             of
             the
             Bay
             of
             Bengall
             ,
             and
             up
             the
             great
             River
             of
             Ganges
             .
             At
             Fort
             St.
             George
             and
             Bombay
             ,
             we
             have
             a
             right
             ,
             and
             do
             impose
             a
             Custom
             upon
             the
             Natives
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Nations
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             Empire
             of
             Persia
             we
             are
             Custom-free
             ,
             and
             have
             yearly
             from
             the
             Emperor
             1000
             Tomans
             ,
             which
             is
             above
             3000
             
               l.
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             in
             lieu
             of
             the
             half
             Custom
             of
             his
             
             own
             People
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Nations
             that
             trade
             thither
             .
             Of
             right
             it
             should
             be
             the
             full
             half
             Customs
             of
             that
             Port
             ,
             which
             is
             more
             in
             value
             ;
             and
             we
             should
             have
             an
             Officer
             in
             his
             Custom-house
             to
             receive
             our
             half
             part
             ;
             but
             we
             rather
             content
             our selves
             with
             the
             1000
             Tomans
             aforesaid
             ,
             than
             fight
             with
             him
             again
             for
             a
             right
             ,
             which
             we
             are
             uncertain
             how
             long
             we
             may
             enjoy
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             groundless
             Clamours
             against
             the
             Company
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             At
             Bantam
             we
             are
             at
             the
             set
             rate
             of
             4000
             Dollars
             
               per
               Annum
            
             ,
             for
             all
             our
             Customs
             ,
             tho
             we
             increase
             our
             Trade
             never
             so
             much
             .
             In
             most
             places
             in
             India
             ,
             we
             are
             in
             effect
             our
             own
             Law-makers
             ,
             and
             can
             arrest
             and
             imprison
             any
             Natives
             that
             deal
             with
             us
             ,
             or
             owe
             us
             money
             ;
             and
             can
             inflict
             corporal
             punishments
             upon
             them
             (
             without
             controul
             of
             any
             of
             the
             Native
             or
             Moor
             Governours
             )
             till
             they
             pay
             or
             do
             us
             right
             ,
             if
             our
             People
             there
             see
             cause
             for
             it
             .
          
           
             All
             our
             Black
             Servants
             there
             ,
             which
             are
             very
             numerous
             ,
             and
             all
             others
             imployed
             by
             us
             ,
             or
             trading
             with
             us
             ,
             are
             free
             and
             exempted
             from
             the
             jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Native
             and
             other
             Governours
             .
          
           
             We
             are
             in
             all
             places
             free
             in
             our
             Persons
             and
             Goods
             ,
             and
             all
             imployed
             or
             priviledged
             by
             us
             ,
             from
             all
             Inland
             Customs
             and
             Duties
             ,
             in
             the
             Towns
             and
             Provinces
             we
             pass
             or
             bring
             our
             Goods
             thorow
             :
             which
             are
             very
             great
             in
             those
             Countreys
             ,
             and
             paid
             by
             the
             Natives
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             5.
             
             My
             fifth
             Argument
             is
             drawn
             from
             the
             great
             Losses
             ,
             Damages
             ,
             and
             Depredations
             ,
             that
             this
             Nation
             sustained
             in
             that
             short
             time
             of
             three
             years
             open
             Trade
             ,
             which
             are
             sufficiently
             known
             ,
             besides
             the
             loss
             of
             Priviledges
             ,
             increase
             of
             Presents
             to
             Governours
             ,
             lowering
             our
             English
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             advancing
             the
             Indian
             Commodities
             to
             such
             an
             odious
             excess
             ,
             that
             
             at
             length
             the
             very
             private
             Traders
             themselves
             ,
             were
             the
             forwardest
             Petitioners
             for
             a
             return
             to
             a
             Joynt
             Stock
             ;
             of
             the
             truth
             of
             which
             ,
             there
             be
             many
             yet
             alive
             that
             can
             attest
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             6.
             
             This
             I
             draw
             from
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Eastern
             Governments
             .
             There
             are
             above
             100
             Kings
             and
             Raja's
             ,
             which
             are
             Gentu
             Princes
             ,
             but
             governing
             with
             absolute
             Power
             in
             their
             own
             Dominions
             ;
             and
             as
             many
             Ports
             and
             Places
             of
             Trade
             :
             whereas
             in
             Turkey
             there
             are
             but
             
               two
               or
               three
               principal
               places
               of
               Trade
               and
               one
               Prince
            
             ;
             with
             whom
             his
             Majesty
             by
             his
             Ambassador
             may
             conveniently
             have
             his
             Subjects
             there
             vindicated
             and
             righted
             ,
             if
             there
             were
             no
             Company
             ;
             as
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             and
             the
             Dutch
             do
             .
             Whereas
             in
             India
             there
             would
             be
             need
             of
             Forty
             Embassadors
             ;
             and
             all
             must
             have
             Instructions
             ,
             and
             carry
             large
             Presents
             .
             The
             Companies
             Agents
             ,
             &c.
             in
             India
             ,
             do
             many
             times
             find
             cause
             to
             send
             Embassies
             ,
             Instructions
             ,
             and
             splendid
             trains
             of
             Attendance
             and
             Presents
             ,
             before
             the
             Committee
             in
             England
             know
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             Arg.
             7.
             
             This
             is
             drawn
             from
             the
             distance
             of
             the
             places
             .
             Letters
             do
             pass
             freely
             to
             and
             from
             Turkey
             in
             a
             short
             time
             :
             and
             in
             case
             of
             injuries
             done
             the
             English
             ,
             his
             Majesties
             Men
             of
             War
             may
             soon
             go
             down
             from
             Tangier
             to
             revenge
             them
             .
             But
             India
             is
             at
             a
             far
             greater
             distance
             :
             no
             certain
             return
             of
             a
             Letter
             to
             be
             had
             once
             in
             Twelve
             moneths
             :
             and
             the
             Princes
             and
             Ports
             there
             ,
             are
             at
             a
             wider
             distance
             one
             from
             another
             ,
             than
             it
             is
             from
             England
             to
             Turkey
             ;
             and
             much
             more
             difficult
             to
             maintain
             a
             Correspondence
             by
             Letters
             in
             India
             from
             Port
             to
             Port
             ;
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             set
             Monsons
             or
             Trade-winds
             ,
             that
             blow
             six
             moneths
             together
             one
             way
             .
          
           
           
             Arg.
             8.
             
             Where-ever
             the
             English
             or
             any
             Europeans
             settle
             a
             Factory
             in
             India
             ,
             they
             must
             presently
             build
             them
             large
             Houses
             ,
             Ware-houses
             ,
             &c.
             take
             many
             Servants
             ,
             and
             maintain
             the
             appearance
             and
             splendour
             of
             a
             petty
             Court
             :
             and
             in
             many
             places
             where
             the
             Company
             have
             not
             fixt
             Garrisons
             ,
             they
             are
             forced
             to
             fortifie
             their
             Houses
             ,
             or
             else
             they
             will
             be
             despised
             and
             trampled
             upon
             by
             the
             Natives
             .
             If
             it
             be
             said
             ,
             this
             may
             be
             done
             by
             a
             regulated
             Company
             .
             I
             answer
             ,
             First
             ,
             How
             shall
             they
             raise
             a
             Stock
             to
             buy
             those
             the
             Company
             have
             already
             ;
             with
             their
             Lands
             ,
             Islands
             ,
             Towns
             ,
             Garrisons
             ,
             Guns
             and
             Ammunition
             :
             which
             I
             am
             sure
             (
             their
             Priviledges
             being
             put
             in
             likewise
             )
             have
             cost
             the
             Company
             above
             300000
             l
             ?
             Next
             ,
             How
             shall
             they
             maintain
             and
             defend
             them
             ?
             By
             Leviations
             upon
             Goods
             .
             What
             ?
             before
             there
             are
             any
             Goods
             to
             taxe
             .
             No
             ,
             they
             shall
             raise
             a
             Joynt
             Stock
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             first
             Purchase
             ;
             and
             after
             ,
             take
             only
             a
             Taxe
             upon
             Goods
             to
             maintain
             them
             .
             These
             are
             absurd
             ,
             incongruous
             ,
             and
             impracticable
             Notions
             ;
             for
             in
             a
             time
             of
             War
             and
             Danger
             ,
             Men
             will
             forbear
             trading
             ;
             as
             hath
             been
             ingeniously
             observed
             by
             the
             Author
             of
             the
             printed
             Letter
             :
             So
             that
             there
             will
             be
             no
             Goods
             to
             taxe
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             most
             need
             of
             Money
             .
             Whereas
             the
             Governours
             or
             Committees
             ,
             have
             always
             in
             their
             hands
             a
             real
             Fond
             of
             above
             a
             Million
             of
             Money
             ;
             and
             can
             borrow
             so
             much
             more
             in
             India
             in
             a
             few
             days
             ,
             if
             they
             want
             it
             ,
             their
             Credit
             there
             ,
             being
             as
             currant
             as
             ready
             Gold
             :
             having
             never
             been
             so
             much
             as
             stained
             .
             I
             shall
             say
             no
             more
             upon
             this
             Argument
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             printed
             Letter
             ,
             afore-said
             ,
             hath
             so
             copiously
             and
             convincingly
             cleared
             this
             point
             ,
             beyond
             all
             contradiction
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             no
             room
             left
             me
             to
             enlarge
             ;
             but
             have
             reason
             to
             beg
             the
             Authors
             pardon
             ,
             for
             what
             ,
             in
             this
             ,
             I
             have
             borrowed
             of
             him
             .
          
           
           
             Arg.
             9.
             
             The
             East-India
             Company
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Holland
            
             ,
             and
             all
             European
             Nations
             that
             trade
             to
             India
             ,
             have
             power
             ,
             by
             their
             Charters
             ,
             to
             make
             War
             upon
             any
             Nation
             in
             India
             ,
             at
             their
             Discretion
             ;
             but
             not
             upon
             any
             European
             Nation
             ,
             without
             his
             Majesties
             consent
             .
             This
             power
             they
             must
             and
             ought
             to
             have
             for
             the
             well
             carrying
             on
             of
             their
             Trades
             .
             This
             power
             the
             English
             Company
             have
             sometimes
             ,
             but
             not
             often
             exercised
             :
             but
             if
             it
             were
             not
             known
             in
             India
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             such
             a
             power
             ,
             they
             should
             be
             continually
             affronted
             and
             abused
             by
             the
             Natives
             .
             Now
             who
             shall
             this
             Power
             be
             delegated
             unto
             ,
             in
             a
             regulated
             Company
             ?
             To
             all
             English
             Men
             ,
             or
             to
             a
             single
             Embassador
             ,
             or
             to
             many
             Embassadors
             and
             Consuls
             ?
          
        
         
           
             V.
             
               That
               the
            
             East-India
             
               Trade
               is
               more
               profitable
               and
               necessary
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               of
            
             England
             ,
             
               than
               to
               any
               other
               Kingdom
               or
               Nation
               in
            
             Europe
             .
          
           
             FIrst
             ,
             This
             is
             so
             as
             we
             are
             an
             Island
             ,
             and
             have
             our
             principal
             Security
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             increase
             of
             our
             Riches
             from
             our
             Trade
             and
             Strength
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             And
             which
             I
             take
             to
             be
             a
             main
             consideration
             ,
             The
             Trade
             of
             India
             is
             to
             England
             not
             only
             a
             great
             ,
             but
             an
             unmixt
             Advantage
             :
             Whereas
             to
             all
             our
             Neighbours
             ,
             though
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             be
             a
             great
             Advantage
             ,
             and
             accordingly
             courted
             and
             coveted
             
             by
             them
             ;
             yet
             they
             cannot
             have
             it
             without
             some
             mixture
             of
             Loss
             in
             other
             respects
             ;
             because
             some
             of
             them
             have
             the
             growth
             and
             production
             of
             Silk
             among
             themselves
             ,
             as
             Italy
             and
             France
             .
             They
             have
             likewise
             the
             sole
             Manufacture
             of
             plain
             Silks
             ,
             such
             as
             Taffateis
             ,
             Sarcenets
             ,
             &c.
             which
             are
             brought
             from
             India
             cheaper
             than
             they
             can
             make
             them
             at
             Home
             .
             Whereas
             in
             England
             ,
             our
             Silk
             Manufacture
             consists
             not
             in
             those
             plain
             Silks
             ,
             but
             in
             Flowred
             Silks
             and
             Fancies
             ,
             changed
             still
             as
             often
             as
             the
             Fashion
             alters
             .
             
               Holland
               ,
               Flanders
            
             ,
             (
             and
             France
             ,
             in
             some
             measure
             )
             have
             their
             principal
             Manuctures
             in
             fine
             Linnens
             ,
             Cambricks
             ,
             Lawns
             and
             Hollands
             ;
             which
             only
             Callicoe
             works
             upon
             ,
             to
             the
             putting
             them
             very
             much
             out
             of
             request
             ,
             in
             their
             own
             Countreys
             and
             and
             all
             other
             parts
             of
             Christendom
             .
             Whereas
             the
             Linnen
             we
             make
             in
             England
             is
             of
             the
             strong
             course
             sorts
             ,
             generally
             used
             by
             the
             meaner
             People
             ;
             which
             Callicoe
             doth
             not
             prejudice
             to
             any
             sensible
             degree
             .
             Neither
             is
             the
             Linnen
             Manufacture
             in
             England
             a
             matter
             worth
             taking
             notice
             of
             (
             whatever
             a
             few
             Gentlemens
             opinion
             is
             )
             But
             in
             
               Holland
               ,
               Flanders
               ,
               France
            
             ,
             and
             some
             parts
             of
             Germany
             ,
             it
             is
             their
             main
             Concern
             ;
             being
             the
             subsistence
             of
             the
             Majority
             of
             their
             People
             ,
             as
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             is
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             The
             Dutch
             have
             a
             standing
             Contract
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             for
             all
             his
             Silk
             ;
             which
             may
             amount
             to
             600
             Bales
             yearly
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             Bengall
             Silk
             in
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             can
             be
             brought
             to
             Europe
             cheaper
             than
             Persia
             Silk
             :
             the
             Dutch
             by
             bringing
             Silk
             from
             Bengall
             ,
             must
             of
             necessity
             in
             some
             kind
             prejudice
             that
             Contract
             in
             the
             price
             of
             Silk
             ;
             though
             it
             be
             the
             Dutch
             Companies
             own
             Contract
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             the
             Turkey
             Merchants
             .
             Whereas
             we
             having
             no
             such
             Contract
             in
             Persia
             ,
             do
             not
             work
             upon
             our selves
             ,
             as
             they
             
             must
             of
             necessity
             :
             And
             yet
             they
             are
             wiser
             than
             to
             slight
             the
             Trade
             of
             Bengall
             for
             that
             cause
             .
             This
             Argument
             concerning
             the
             Dutch
             Contract
             in
             Persia
             ,
             is
             so
             fully
             confirmed
             by
             the
             Companies
             Advices
             lately
             received
             from
             Persia
             ,
             that
             the
             Dutch
             there
             did
             lately
             desire
             to
             be
             excused
             from
             receiving
             their
             Quota
             of
             Silk
             ,
             which
             is
             600
             Bales
             yearly
             ,
             upon
             pretence
             of
             their
             want
             of
             Money
             to
             pay
             for
             it
             ;
             which
             notwithstanding
             was
             forced
             on
             them
             by
             
               Sheeke
               Ally
               Cawne
            
             ,
             the
             Emperor's
             Governor
             there
             .
             If
             it
             be
             here
             askt
             me
             ,
             Why
             the
             
               English
               East-India
            
             Company
             ,
             seeing
             Persia
             is
             within
             their
             Charter
             ,
             are
             not
             as
             wise
             as
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             Contract
             likewise
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ?
             I
             answer
             ,
             The
             Dutch
             got
             the
             start
             of
             us
             in
             that
             long
             before
             this
             Company
             was
             constituted
             ;
             and
             we
             cannot
             possibly
             retrieve
             it
             yet
             :
             The
             Persians
             being
             a
             People
             most
             difficult
             to
             remove
             from
             any
             thing
             they
             have
             once
             determined
             .
             If
             it
             be
             here
             further
             retorted
             upon
             me
             ,
             That
             by
             my
             own
             confession
             ,
             the
             Importation
             of
             Silk
             from
             India
             ,
             doth
             prejudice
             the
             
               English
               Turkey
            
             Merchants
             in
             the
             price
             of
             their
             Silk
             here
             .
             I
             grant
             it
             :
             But
             what
             is
             that
             to
             England
             in
             general
             ?
             It
             's
             the
             interest
             of
             England
             that
             we
             should
             have
             Silk
             here
             (
             being
             a
             material
             to
             be
             Manufactured
             )
             cheaper
             than
             in
             any
             other
             part
             of
             Europe
             ,
             where
             it
             grows
             :
             and
             so
             we
             shall
             infallibly
             ,
             if
             the
             Company
             stand
             .
             But
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             I
             do
             expresly
             deny
             that
             the
             making
             of
             Silk
             cheap
             in
             England
             ,
             doth
             hinder
             the
             Exportation
             of
             our
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             to
             Turkey
             :
             The
             contrary
             being
             as
             evident
             as
             the
             Sun
             at
             Noon-day
             ,
             to
             any
             Man
             that
             has
             not
             the
             mist
             of
             private
             Gain
             or
             Loss
             hanging
             before
             his
             Eyes
             ;
             as
             before
             is
             demonstrated
             in
             those
             two
             pregnant
             ,
             experienced
             ,
             unanswerable
             Instances
             ,
             viz.
             That
             as
             the
             price
             of
             Portugal
             Sugars
             hath
             abated
             (
             in
             which
             formerly
             almost
             
             all
             our
             returns
             from
             that
             Countrey
             were
             made
             )
             we
             have
             increased
             exceedingly
             in
             the
             Exportation
             of
             Woollen
             Manufactures
             to
             that
             Countrey
             ;
             and
             even
             in
             the
             Trade
             of
             Turkey
             it self
             for
             many
             years
             :
             And
             to
             this
             very
             time
             ,
             as
             the
             price
             of
             Turkey
             Silk
             hath
             abated
             ,
             the
             Exportation
             of
             our
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             hath
             increased
             :
             and
             so
             it
             will
             still
             ,
             though
             Silk
             should
             come
             to
             half
             the
             price
             it
             bears
             now
             in
             England
             .
             Upon
             the
             proof
             whereof
             ,
             by
             time
             ,
             I
             dare
             hazard
             all
             that
             little
             I
             have
             in
             the
             World.
             Besides
             ,
             when
             all
             is
             done
             ,
             and
             if
             the
             Turkey
             Merchants
             might
             have
             their
             Will
             ,
             to
             the
             irrepairable
             damage
             of
             their
             Common
             Countrey
             ;
             what
             would
             they
             be
             the
             better
             ?
             Except
             by
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             we
             could
             as
             well
             hinder
             the
             
               French
               ,
               Dutch
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Neighbours
             from
             trading
             in
             East-India
             Silk
             ,
             as
             we
             can
             the
             
               English
               East-India
            
             Company
             .
             Is
             not
             this
             dealing
             our
             Childrens
             Bread
             to
             Strangers
             ?
             Weakning
             our Selves
             ,
             and
             strengthening
             our
             Enemies
             ,
             whilst
             they
             laugh
             and
             stand
             amazed
             at
             our
             Indiscretion
             ?
          
           
             For
             a
             Conclusion
             ,
             That
             the
             present
             and
             future
             Ages
             may
             know
             in
             what
             Condition
             the
             English
             East-India
             Trade
             stood
             ,
             when
             the
             Company
             was
             assaulted
             by
             the
             private
             designs
             of
             parcicular
             Men
             ;
             I
             shall
             add
             an
             Account
             of
             the
             present
             posture
             of
             their
             Affairs
             ,
             viz.
             Last
             year
             the
             Company
             sent
             out
             (
             which
             are
             not
             yet
             returned
             )
             for
             the
             Coast
             of
             Cormandel
             ,
             and
             the
             Bay
             of
             Bengall
             ,
             Four
             three
             Deck-Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Eagle
             ,
             burden
             590
             Tuns
             ,
             and
             118
             Seamen
             ,
             besides
             Passengers
             .
             The
             Sampson
             ,
             burden
             600
             Tuns
             ,
             120
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Berkley-Castle
             ,
             burden
             530
             Tuns
             ,
             106
             Seamen
             .
             The
             President
             ,
             burden
             550
             Tuns
             ,
             110
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             For
             Suratt
             and
             the
             Coast
             of
             India
             ,
             three
             Three-Deck
             
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Williamson
             ,
             burden
             550
             tuns
             ,
             110
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Lancaster
             ,
             burden
             450
             tuns
             ,
             90
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Johanna
             ,
             burden
             530
             tuns
             ,
             106
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             For
             Bantam
             ,
             two
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Society
             ,
             burden
             600
             tuns
             ,
             100
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Nathaniel
             ,
             burden
             600
             tuns
             ,
             100
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             South
             Seas
             and
             China
             ,
             two
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Faulcon
             ,
             burden
             430
             tuns
             ,
             64
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Barnardiston
             ,
             burden
             350
             tuns
             ,
             69
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             And
             in
             all
             of
             them
             the
             Stock
             of
             479946
             l.
             15
             s.
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             This
             Year
             the
             Company
             are
             sending
             out
             for
             the
             Coast
             of
             Cormandel
             ,
             and
             the
             Bay
             of
             Bengall
             ,
             5
             Three-Deck
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Bengall
             ,
             burden
             570
             tuns
             ,
             114
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Ann
             ,
             burden
             460
             tuns
             ,
             92
             Seamen
             .
             The
             
               Golden
               Fleece
            
             ,
             burden
             575
             tuns
             ,
             115
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Caesar
             ,
             burden
             520
             tuns
             ,
             104
             Seamen
             .
             The
             George
             ,
             burden
             580
             tuns
             ,
             116
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             For
             Suratt
             ,
             and
             the
             Coast
             of
             India
             ,
             three
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             Josia
             ,
             600
             tuns
             ,
             120
             Seamen
             .
             The
             Massingbird
             ,
             480
             tuns
             ,
             88
             Seamen
             .
             And
             the
             Success
             ,
             460
             tuns
             ,
             92
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             For
             Bantam
             ,
             three
             Ships
             ,
             viz.
             The
             
               New
               London
            
             ,
             600
             tuns
             ,
             100
             Seamen
             .
             The
             
               Scipio
               Africanus
            
             ,
             360
             tuns
             ,
             74
             Seamen
             .
             And
             the
             Persia
             Merchant
             ,
             360
             tuns
             ,
             and
             74
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             the
             South-Seas
             and
             China
             ,
             one
             other
             great
             Ship
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             yet
             resolved
             upon
             .
          
           
             And
             in
             all
             of
             them
             the
             Stock
             of
             above
             600000
             
               l.
               Ster
            
             .
          
           
             Note
             that
             the
             Ships
             are
             generally
             bigger
             than
             they
             are
             let
             for
             ,
             and
             the
             Company
             employ
             none
             but
             English-built
             Ships
             ;
             and
             that
             besides
             what
             they
             sent
             out
             last
             Year
             ,
             and
             are
             sending
             this
             ,
             they
             have
             always
             a
             considerable
             Stock
             left
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             to
             make
             and
             provide
             Goods
             before-hand
             .
             Besides
             ,
             likewise
             their
             
             Islands
             ,
             Towns
             ,
             Garrisons
             ,
             Houses
             ,
             Buildings
             ,
             Ammunition
             ,
             &c.
             The
             just
             number
             of
             their
             Adventurers
             now
             ,
             is
             556
             ,
             and
             new
             ones
             daily
             coming
             in
             :
             The
             Companies
             Doors
             being
             never
             shut
             against
             any
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             Regulated
             Companies
             are
             .
             And
             they
             have
             what
             Money
             they
             will
             at
             3
             
               per
               Cent
            
             ;
             which
             will
             be
             the
             worst
             News
             of
             all
             in
             Holland
             .
          
           
             If
             ,
             notwithstanding
             all
             that
             hath
             been
             said
             ,
             the
             Company
             must
             be
             destroyed
             ,
             Gods
             Will
             be
             done
             .
             To
             write
             what
             I
             have
             ,
             I
             thought
             my
             Duty
             to
             my
             Countrey
             ;
             which
             having
             satisfied
             my self
             in
             the
             performance
             of
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             careful
             for
             events
             :
             being
             always
             confident
             ,
             that
             whatever
             the
             Parliament
             does
             ,
             they
             will
             do
             it
             justly
             ;
             and
             so
             wisely
             as
             to
             make
             the
             best
             of
             a
             bad
             Bargain
             .
             I
             am
             persuaded
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             to
             have
             this
             feat
             done
             ,
             would
             ease
             our
             Lands
             a
             while
             ,
             by
             giving
             us
             a
             Million
             of
             Pounds
             Sterling
             ,
             if
             they
             knew
             where
             to
             find
             Chapmen
             (
             which
             God
             grant
             they
             never
             may
             )
             ;
             and
             I
             am
             sure
             ,
             if
             they
             did
             pay
             two
             Millions
             ,
             they
             would
             have
             too
             good
             a
             Bargain
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .