The cities aduocate in this case or question of honor and armes; whether apprentiship extinguisheth gentry? Containing a cleare refutation of the pernicious common errour affirming it, swallowed by Erasmus of Roterdam, Sir Thomas Smith in his common-weale, Sir Iohn Fern in his blazon, Raphe Broke Yorke Herald, and others. With the copies of transcripts of three letters which gaue occasion of this worke.
         Bolton, Edmund, 1575?-1633?
      
       
         
           1629
        
      
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         ESTC S106271
         99841989
         99841989
         6612
         
           
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             The cities aduocate in this case or question of honor and armes; whether apprentiship extinguisheth gentry? Containing a cleare refutation of the pernicious common errour affirming it, swallowed by Erasmus of Roterdam, Sir Thomas Smith in his common-weale, Sir Iohn Fern in his blazon, Raphe Broke Yorke Herald, and others. With the copies of transcripts of three letters which gaue occasion of this worke.
             Bolton, Edmund, 1575?-1633?
             Philipot, John, 1589?-1645, attributed name.
          
           [18], 61, [1] p. : ill.
           
             Printed [by Miles Flesher] for William Lee, at the signe of the Turkes Head next to the Miter and Phœnix in Fleet-street,
             London :
             1629.
          
           
             By Edmund Bolton.
             Sometimes attributed to John Philipot.
             Printer's name from STC.
             The title page is a cancel. Variant: t.p. uncancelled, with original reading "Honor or Armes".
             Reproduction of the original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Apprentices -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           England -- Social conditions -- 17th century -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           CITIES
           ADVOCATE
           ,
        
         
           IN
           THIS
           CASE
           OR
           QVEstion
           of
           Honor
           and
           Armes
           ;
           Whether
           Apprentiship
           extinguisheth
           Gentry
           ?
        
         
           Containing
           a
           cleare
           Refutation
           of
           the
           pernicious
           common
           errour
           affirming
           it
           ,
           swallowed
           by
           Erasmus
           of
           Roterdam
           ,
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Smith
          
           in
           his
           Common-weale
           ,
           
             Sir
             Iohn
             Fern
          
           in
           his
           Blazon
           ,
           
             Raphe
             Broke
             Yorke
          
           Herald
           ,
           and
           others
           .
        
         
           With
           the
           Copies
           or
           Transcripts
           of
           three
           Letters
           which
           gaue
           occasion
           of
           this
           worke
           .
        
         
           
             Lam.
             Ierem.
             cap.
             3.
             ver
             .
             27.
             
          
           Bonum
           est
           viro
           cum
           portauerit
           jugum
           ab
           adolescentia
           sua
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             William
             Lee
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Signe
           of
           the
           Turkes
           Head
           next
           to
           the
           Miter
           and
           Phoenix
           in
           
             Fleet
             street
          
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Monsieur
           FLORENTIN
           de
           THIERRIAT
           ,
           Escuyer
           ,
           Seigneur
           de
           LOCHEPIERRE
           ,
           LONOVET
           ,
           SAINCT
           NAVOIR
           ,
           RAON
           AV.
           BOYS
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             
               De
               la
               Noblesse
               de
               Race
            
             ,
             Num.
             99.
             
          
           En
           matiere
           de
           Noblesse
           il
           faut
           obseruer
           la
           Coustume
           du
           lieu
           ,
           et
           les
           moeurs
           des
           peuples
           ;
           dautant
           que
           les
           uns
           estiment
           une
           chose
           honneste
           et
           Noble
           que
           les
           autres
           tiennent
           pour
           sordide
           et
           dishonneste
           .
        
         
           
             
               Num.
               118.
            
             
          
           Les
           choses
           que
           derogent
           a
           la
           Noblesse
           ,
           qu'il
           faut
           tousiours
           mesurer
           ,
           sur
           les
           Coustumes
           des
           lieux
           ,
           parce
           qu'un
           peuple
           approuue
           souuent
           un
           exercice
           pour
           honneste
           ,
           qu'un
           autre
           defend
           et
           prohibe
           comme
           sordide
           ,
           et
           uicieux
           au
           Gentilhomme
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           HONORATISSIMO
           SENATVI
           POPVLO
           QVE
           ,
           AVGVSTAE
           VRBIS
           LONDINENSIS
           .
        
         
         
           
        
      
       
         
         
           RIGHT
           HONORABLE
           :
        
         
           THe
           Author
           of
           this
           work
           ,
           styling
           himselfe
           according
           to
           the
           nature
           of
           his
           part
           therein
           THE
           CITIES
           ADVOCATE
           ,
           after
           tenne
           ,
           or
           twelue
           yeares
           space
           from
           the
           first
           date
           of
           the
           accomplishment
           ,
           resoluing
           at
           last
           to
           permit
           the
           edition
           ,
           doth
           reuerently
           here
           aduance
           and
           present
           to
           the
           honorable
           good
           acceptance
           of
           your
           Lordship
           ,
           of
           all
           the
           Lords
           ,
           and
           other
           the
           worthy
           persons
           ,
           to
           whom
           ,
           in
           the
           qualitie
           of
           the
           cause
           ,
           the
           consideration
           reacheth
           ;
           
             The
             cleare
             refutation
             of
             that
             pestilent
             error
             ,
             which
             hauing
             some
             authority
             for
             it
             ,
             
             and
             many
             iniurious
             partakers
             ,
             layes
             vpon
             the
             hopefull
             ,
             and
             honest
             estate
             of
          
           APPRENTISHIP
           in
           LONDON
           ,
           
             the
             odious
             note
             of
             bondage
             ,
             and
             the
             barbarous
             penaltie
             of
             losse
             of
             Gentry
             :
          
           to
           the
           great
           reproach
           of
           our
           Kingdomes
           policie
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           manifold
           damage
           of
           the
           publike
           .
           In
           this
           one
           act
           of
           his
           ,
           the
           Aduocate
           therefore
           doth
           not
           onely
           seeme
           to
           be
           the
           Patron
           or
           Defendor
           of
           birth-rights
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           rights
           of
           fortunes
           ,
           but
           the
           Champion
           also
           of
           ciuill
           Arts
           ,
           &
           of
           flourishing
           Industrie
           among
           you
           :
           the
           sinewes
           ,
           and
           life
           it selfe
           of
           Common-weale
           .
           The
           occasion
           which
           induced
           him
           to
           enter
           the
           lists
           single
           against
           a
           multitude
           ,
           in
           this
           good
           quarell
           ,
           was
           priuate
           ,
           as
           appeares
           by
           the
           Letters
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           worke
           ,
           but
           the
           cause
           ,
           is
           absolutely
           such
           (
           according
           to
           his
           best
           vnderstanding
           )
           as
           he
           should
           not
           refuse
           to
           abett
           &
           second
           with
           his
           sword
           ,
           the
           strokes
           of
           his
           pen
           ,
           to
           that
           purpose
           .
           For
           ,
           though
           
           the
           Schooles
           ,
           and
           Camp
           ,
           are
           most
           proper
           for
           Honor
           and
           Armes
           ,
           yet
           the
           ancient
           wisedome
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ancient
           bounty
           of
           our
           Sages
           ,
           did
           euer
           leaue
           the
           gates
           of
           Honor
           open
           to
           City-Arts
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           mysteries
           of
           honest
           gaine
           ,
           as
           fundamentall
           in
           Common-weale
           ,
           and
           susceptiue
           of
           externall
           splendor
           :
           according
           to
           the
           most
           laudable
           examples
           of
           rising
           Rome
           ,
           vnder
           her
           first
           Dictators
           ,
           &
           Consuls
           .
           By
           which
           their
           such
           moderation
           and
           iudgement
           ,
           they
           happily
           auoided
           two
           opposite
           rockes
           ;
           tyrannicall
           appropriation
           of
           Gentry
           to
           some
           certaine
           old
           families
           ,
           as
           in
           Germanie
           ,
           and
           the
           confusion
           of
           allowing
           hereditarie
           Noblenesse
           ,
           of
           Gentry
           ,
           to
           none
           at
           all
           ,
           as
           vnder
           the
           Sultan
           ,
           in
           Turkey
           .
           With
           how
           true
           and
           entire
           a
           good
           will
           this
           free
           seruice
           is
           performed
           by
           the
           Author
           may
           easily
           be
           gathered
           from
           hence
           ,
           that
           hee
           willingly
           giues
           the
           obliuion
           of
           his
           owne
           name
           into
           
           the
           merit
           ;
           conscience
           of
           the
           fact
           ,
           sufficing
           .
           Now
           ,
           for
           him
           to
           informe
           your
           Lordships
           and
           the
           rest
           (
           out
           of
           the
           title
           
             de
             origine
             iuris
          
           ,
           in
           Caesarean
           Lawes
           )
           how
           the
           noble
           people
           of
           oldest
           Rome
           accepted
           the
           booke
           which
           
             Gnaeus
             Flauius
          
           dedicated
           to
           their
           name
           ,
           and
           vses
           ,
           what
           were
           it
           else
           ,
           but
           inofficiously
           to
           dictate
           your
           part
           ,
           and
           not
           humbly
           to
           offer
           his
           owne
           ;
           which
           neuerthelesse
           here
           he
           most
           officiously
           doth
           ,
           being
           truly
           able
           to
           say
           ,
           vpon
           his
           owne
           behalfe
           ,
           that
           he
           hath
           purloined
           no
           mans
           labours
           (
           as
           that
           Flauius
           did
           )
           but
           is
           through
           all
           the
           true
           and
           proper
           owner
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Author
             is
             your
             humble
             seruant
             .
          
           
             Valete
             in
             Christo
             Iesu.
          
           
           
             
               XI
               .
               
                 Cal.
                 Nouember
              
               .
               MCICXXVIII
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           Gentlemen
           of
           ENGLAND
           in
           generall
           .
        
         
           BE
           not
           displeased
           with
           this
           bold
           enterprise
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           were
           in
           fauour
           of
           the
           euill
           manners
           of
           a
           multitude
           ,
           who
           passe
           vnder
           the
           title
           of
           APPRENTISES
           .
           For
           neither
           the
           incorrigibly
           vicious
           ,
           who
           are
           pestilent
           to
           morall
           and
           ciuill
           vertue
           ;
           nor
           the
           incorrigibly
           forgetfull
           of
           their
           betters
           ,
           whom
           insolencie
           maketh
           odious
           ,
           haue
           any
           part
           herein
           at
           all
           .
           For
           first
           ,
           it
           wholly
           belongs
           to
           such
           ,
           among
           masters
           ,
           or
           Citizens
           ,
           as
           are
           generously
           disposed
           ,
           &
           worthily
           qualifide
           ,
           men
           who
           say
           with
           
             Publius
             Syrus
             ,
             Damnum
             appellandum
             est
             cum
             mala
             fama
             lucrū
          
           ;
           and
           then
           to
           such
           among
           Apprentises
           ,
           as
           resemble
           Putiphars
           chaste
           Ioseph
           ,
           or
           Saint
           Pauls
           conuerted
           Onesimus
           ;
           yongmen
           ,
           who
           say
           (
           with
           
             Statius
             Caecilius
          
           ,
           in
           his
           Plotius
           )
        
         
           
             Libere
             seruimus
             ,
             salua
             vrbe
             ,
             atque
             arce
             ,
          
           meaning
           by
           the
           Citie
           ,
           and
           the
           Citadel
           ,
           the
           bodie
           and
           the
           head
           of
           man.
           
        
         
           Valete
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           the
           happie
           Masters
           of
           Laudable
           Apprentises
           in
           LONDON
           .
        
         
           RIght
           worthy
           Citizens
           ,
           you
           shal
           not
           for
           this
           worke
           finde
           your
           honest
           seruants
           the
           lesse
           seruiceable
           ,
           but
           the
           more
           .
           For
           ,
           in
           good
           bloods
           ,
           and
           good
           natures
           ,
           praise
           ,
           and
           honor
           preuaile
           aboue
           rigour
           and
           blowes
           .
           And
           because
           your selues
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           were
           Apprentises
           once
           ,
           you
           may
           therefore
           behold
           herein
           ,
           with
           comfort
           ,
           the
           honesty
           of
           your
           estate
           when
           you
           were
           such
           ,
           and
           the
           splendour
           of
           what
           you
           are
           now
           in
           right
           .
           The
           vnthankefull
           (
           if
           any
           such
           should
           happen
           to
           rankle
           among
           you
           )
           may
           be
           warn'd
           ;
           that
           the
           iuyce
           of
           Ingratitude
           doth
           forfeit
           libertie
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           are
           truly
           bondmen
           ;
           if
           not
           according
           to
           the
           letter
           ,
           nor
           in
           their
           proper
           condition
           ,
           yet
           according
           to
           the
           figuratiue
           sense
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           improper
           basenesse
           .
        
         
           VALETE
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           MODEST
           APPRENtises
           of
           LONDON
           ,
           Schollars
           ,
           and
           Disciples
           in
           Citie-Arts
           ,
           during
           their
           seuen
           or
           more
           yeares
           Nouiceship
           .
        
         
           THe
           principall
           obiection
           against
           publishing
           either
           this
           or
           any
           other
           booke
           of
           like
           argument
           ,
           hath
           alwayes
           beene
           grounded
           (
           by
           the
           most
           wise
           and
           noble
           )
           vpon
           a
           feare
           ,
           that
           the
           insolencies
           of
           the
           youth
           ,
           and
           irregular
           frie
           of
           the
           Citie
           ,
           would
           thereby
           take
           encrease
           :
           which
           hauing
           heretofore
           beene
           intollerable
           (
           in
           common
           pollicie
           )
           and
           in
           no
           little
           measure
           scandalous
           to
           the
           Kingdome
           ,
           were
           hatefull
           to
           cherish
           ,
           or
           to
           giue
           the
           least
           way
           vnto
           .
           But
           it
           hath
           alreadie
           beene
           elsewhere
           answered
           ;
           that
           those
           Apprentises
           are
           of
           the
           dreggs
           ,
           and
           branne
           of
           the
           vulgar
           :
           fellowes
           voyd
           of
           worthy
           blood
           ,
           and
           worthy
           breeding
           ,
           and
           (
           to
           speake
           with
           fit
           freedome
           )
           no
           better
           then
           meerly
           rascall
           ;
           the
           ordinary
           balls
           ,
           plaid
           (
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           Iustice
           )
           into
           the
           Bridewells
           ,
           in
           or
           about
           the
           Citie
           :
           yea
           perhaps
           ,
           not
           Apprentises
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           forlorne
           companions
           ,
           masterlesse
           men
           ,
           tradelesse
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           ,
           who
           preying
           for
           mischiefe
           ,
           and
           longing
           to
           doe
           it
           ,
           are
           indeed
           the
           very
           Authors
           of
           all
           that
           is
           vile
           ;
           discourteous
           to
           honorable
           (
           all
           trauelling
           strangers
           ought
           to
           be
           generally
           vsed
           as
           such
           )
           rude
           towards
           Natiues
           ,
           seditious
           among
           their
           owne
           ,
           and
           villanous
           euerywhere
           .
           But
           you
           (
           none
           of
           that
           caitiue
           and
           vntrustie
           number
           )
           are
           the
           
           parties
           ,
           for
           whom
           this
           labour
           hath
           been
           vndergone
           ,
           whose
           behauiours
           (
           full
           of
           gentlenesse
           ,
           and
           of
           bounden
           dutie
           to
           superiors
           )
           commend
           you
           to
           the
           present
           times
           ,
           and
           maintaine
           in
           you
           that
           stocke
           of
           good
           hope
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           are
           in
           due
           time
           elected
           those
           successions
           of
           the
           whole
           ,
           which
           make
           the
           politicall
           bodie
           or
           state
           of
           a
           Citie
           immortall
           .
           Thinke
           therefore
           with
           your selues
           ,
           that
           by
           how
           much
           this
           most
           friendly
           office
           tends
           to
           your
           more
           defence
           ,
           and
           praise
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           you
           are
           the
           more
           bound
           to
           beare
           your selues
           honestly
           ,
           and
           humbly
           .
           In
           your
           so
           doing
           ,
           the
           Citie
           of
           London
           ,
           which
           (
           before
           Rome
           it self
           was
           built
           )
           was
           rockt
           in
           a
           Troian
           Cradle
           ,
           by
           the
           founder
           ,
           and
           Father
           thereof
           (
           as
           the
           most
           ancient
           extant
           monuments
           ,
           setting
           all
           late
           phansies
           aside
           ,
           beare
           witnesse
           )
           heroicke
           Brute
           ,
           or
           Brytus
           ;
           vnder
           
             Claudius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           the
           Metropolis
           of
           the
           Trinobants
           ;
           vnder
           other
           Caesars
           afterwards
           ,
           Augusta
           ,
           or
           the
           maiesticall
           Citie
           ;
           which
           ,
           for
           hugenesse
           ,
           concourse
           ,
           nauigation
           ,
           trade
           ,
           and
           populosity
           ,
           very
           hardly
           giuing
           place
           to
           any
           one
           in
           Europe
           ,
           doth
           absolutely
           excell
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           the
           world
           for
           good
           gouernment
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           doth
           match
           and
           equall
           them
           ;
           that
           very
           London
           so
           venerable
           for
           the
           antiquitie
           ,
           so
           honorable
           for
           the
           customes
           ,
           so
           profitable
           for
           life
           ,
           noble
           in
           renowne
           ,
           euen
           beyond
           the
           names
           both
           of
           our
           Countrey
           it selfe
           ,
           and
           of
           our
           nation
           ,
           the
           birth-place
           of
           Constantine
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           inmost
           recesse
           ,
           or
           chamber
           of
           her
           Kings
           ,
           that
           very
           City
           ,
           that
           very
           London
           whether
           your
           locall
           parent
           ,
           or
           louing
           foster-mother
           ,
           shall
           not
           grace
           ,
           or
           honor
           you
           more
           ,
           then
           you
           shall
           grace
           ,
           and
           honor
           her
           ,
           and
           England
           also
           .
        
         
           VALETE
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           From
           Sir
           WILLIAM
           SEGAR
           Knight
           ,
           GARTER
           ,
           principall
           King
           of
           Armes
           of
           ENGLAND
           ,
           a
           speciall
           Letter
           to
           the
           Author
           ,
           concerning
           the
           present
           worke
           .
        
         
           
             Sir
             :
          
        
         
           I
           Haue
           viewed
           and
           reuiewed
           your
           book
           with
           good
           deliberation
           ,
           and
           find
           ,
           that
           you
           haue
           done
           the
           office
           of
           a
           very
           worthy
           Aduocate
           to
           plead
           so
           well
           for
           so
           famous
           a
           Client
           as
           the
           City
           of
           London
           in
           her
           generality
           ,
           which
           as
           I
           gratulate
           vnto
           her
           ,
           and
           to
           all
           interessed
           parties
           ,
           so
           I
           shall
           much
           more
           gratulate
           to
           her
           ,
           and
           you
           ,
           the
           honour
           and
           vse
           of
           so
           faire
           a
           labour
           ,
           if
           I
           may
           once
           see
           that
           publike
           :
           And
           for
           my
           part
           ,
           considering
           that
           you
           define
           nothing
           ,
           but
           lye
           onely
           vpon
           the
           defensiue
           ,
           and
           affirmatiue
           ,
           against
           assaylers
           ,
           and
           denyers
           ,
           with
           due
           submission
           for
           the
           iudiciall
           part
           to
           the
           proper
           Court
           of
           Honor
           ,
           the
           illustrious
           high
           
           
           I
           see
           no
           cause
           why
           your
           learned
           worke
           ,
           may
           not
           receiue
           the
           glory
           of
           publike
           light
           ,
           and
           that
           most
           renowned
           Citie
           the
           benefit
           of
           honors
           encrease
           ,
           for
           incouragement
           of
           enriching
           endustrie
           ;
           And
           so
           with
           my
           hearty
           respects
           I
           rest
           .
        
         
           
             
               Your
               very
               louing
               friend
            
             WILLIAM
             SEGAR
             Garter
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           TRVE
           COPIES
           OF
           the
           Letters
           mentioned
           after
           the
           Booke
           .
        
         
           
             The
             first
             letter
             ,
             from
             the
             Citizen
             in
             the
             behalfe
             and
             cause
             of
             his
             eldest
             sonne
             ,
             to
             a
             speciall
             friend
             ,
             of
             whose
             loue
             ,
             and
             learning
             he
             rested
             confident
             .
          
           
             
               Right
               Worthy
               Sir
               ,
            
          
           
             IF
             hauing
             beene
             at
             no
             small
             charge
             ,
             and
             some
             care
             ,
             to
             breed
             my
             sonne
             vp
             in
             Gentleman
             like
             qualities
             ,
             with
             purpose
             the
             rather
             to
             enable
             him
             for
             the
             seruice
             of
             God
             ,
             his
             Prince
             ,
             and
             Countrey
             ,
             I
             am
             very
             curious
             to
             remoue
             from
             him
             as
             a
             Father
             ,
             all
             occasions
             ,
             which
             might
             either
             make
             him
             lesse
             estemed
             of
             others
             ,
             or
             abate
             the
             least
             part
             of
             his
             edge
             ;
             I
             say
             ,
             not
             towards
             the
             honesty
             of
             life
             onely
             ,
             but
             towards
             the
             splendor
             thereof
             ,
             and
             worship
             also
             ,
             my
             hope
             is
             ,
             that
             I
             shall
             not
             in
             your
             worthy
             iudgement
             ,
             seeme
             either
             insolent
             ,
             or
             vaine
             glorious
             .
          
           
             Truth
             and
             Iustice
             are
             the
             onely
             motiues
             of
             my
             stirring
             at
             this
             present
             .
             For
             ,
             as
             I
             mortally
             hate
             that
             my
             Son
             should
             beare
             himselfe
             ,
             aboue
             himself
             so
             should
             I
             disclaime
             my
             part
             in
             him
             ,
             if
             being
             vniustly
             sought
             to
             be
             embased
             ,
             he
             sillily
             lost
             any
             inch
             of
             his
             due
             .
             He
             hath
             beene
             disgraced
             as
             no
             Gentleman
             borne
             ,
             when
             yet
             not
             hee
             but
             I
             his
             Father
             was
             the
             Apprentise
             ,
             thankes
             be
             to
             God
             for
             it
             .
             They
             cannot
             obiect
             to
             him
             want
             of
             fashion
             ;
             they
             cannot
             obiect
             to
             him
             the
             common
             vices
             ,
             badges
             rather
             of
             reprobates
             then
             of
             Gentlemen
             :
             They
             cannot
             obiect
             to
             him
             cowardise
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             well
             knowne
             that
             he
             dares
             defend
             himselfe
             :
             nor
             any
             thing
             else
             vnworthy
             of
             his
             name
             ,
             which
             is
             neither
             new
             ,
             nor
             ignoble
             :
             But
             mee
             his
             poore
             father
             they
             obiect
             vnto
             him
             ,
             because
             I
             was
             once
             an
             Apprentise
             .
          
           
           
             Wise
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Moore
            
             teacheth
             vs
             ,
             vnder
             the
             names
             ,
             and
             persons
             of
             his
             Eutopians
             ,
             that
             victories
             ,
             and
             atchieuements
             of
             wit
             are
             applauded
             ,
             farre
             aboue
             those
             of
             forces
             :
             and
             seeing
             reuerence
             to
             God
             ,
             &
             to
             our
             Prince
             ,
             commandeth
             vs
             ,
             (
             as
             his
             Maiesties
             booke
             of
             Duells
             doth
             affirme
             (
             not
             to
             take
             the
             office
             of
             iustice
             from
             Magistrates
             ,
             by
             priuate
             rash
             reuenges
             ,
             I
             haue
             compelled
             my
             sonne
             ,
             vpon
             Gods
             blessing
             ,
             and
             mine
             ,
             to
             forbeare
             the
             sword
             till
             by
             my
             care
             he
             may
             be
             found
             not
             to
             be
             in
             the
             wrong
             .
             For
             if
             it
             be
             true
             ,
             
               that
               by
               Apprentiship
               we
               forfeit
               our
               titles
               to
               natiue
               Gentrie
               :
            
             God
             forbid
             that
             my
             sonne
             should
             vsurpe
             it
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             not
             true
             ,
             then
             shall
             be
             haue
             a
             iust
             ground
             to
             defend
             himselfe
             ,
             and
             his
             aduersaries
             shall
             stand
             conuicted
             of
             ignorance
             ,
             if
             not
             of
             enuie
             also
             .
          
           
             These
             are
             therefore
             very
             earnestly
             to
             pray
             you
             ,
             to
             cleare
             this
             question
             .
             For
             ,
             in
             the
             City
             of
             London
             there
             are
             at
             this
             present
             many
             hundreds
             of
             Gentlemens
             children
             Apprentises
             ,
             infinite
             others
             haue
             beene
             ,
             and
             infinite
             will
             be
             :
             and
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             England
             are
             full
             of
             families
             ,
             either
             originally
             raised
             to
             the
             dignity
             of
             Gentlemen
             out
             of
             this
             one
             most
             famous
             place
             :
             or
             so
             restored
             ,
             and
             enriched
             as
             may
             well
             seeme
             to
             amount
             to
             an
             originall
             raising
             .
             And
             albeit
             I
             am
             very
             confident
             ,
             that
             by
             hauing
             once
             beene
             an
             Apprentise
             in
             London
             ,
             I
             haue
             not
             lost
             to
             be
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             birth
             ,
             nor
             my
             sonne
             ,
             yet
             shall
             I
             euer
             wish
             ,
             and
             pray
             rather
             to
             resemble
             an
             heroicke
             Walworth
             ,
             a
             noble
             Philpot
             ,
             an
             happie
             Capel
             ,
             that
             learned
             Sheriffe
             of
             London
             Mr.
             Fabian
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             famous
             Worthies
             of
             this
             royall
             City
             ,
             out
             of
             any
             whatsoeuer
             obscurest
             parentage
             ,
             then
             that
             being
             descended
             of
             great
             Nobles
             ,
             to
             fall
             by
             vice
             farre
             beneath
             the
             rancke
             of
             poorest
             Prentises
             .
          
           
             In
             requitall
             of
             your
             care
             in
             this
             point
             ,
             you
             shall
             shortly
             receiue
             (
             if
             I
             can
             obtain
             my
             desire
             )
             out
             of
             the
             records
             &
             monuments
             of
             London
             ,
             a
             Roll
             of
             the
             names
             ,
             and
             Armes
             of
             such
             principall
             friends
             as
             haue
             beene
             aduanced
             to
             Honor
             ,
             and
             Worship
             ,
             throughout
             the
             Realme
             of
             England
             ,
             from
             the
             degree
             of
             Citizens
             .
             A
             warrantable
             designe
             ,
             by
             the
             example
             of
             the
             Lord
             chiefe
             Iustice
             Cooke
             ,
             who
             hath
             bestowed
             vpon
             the
             world
             (
             in
             some
             one
             or
             other
             of
             his
             bookes
             of
             reports
             )
             a
             short
             Catologue
             of
             such
             as
             haue
             beene
             eminently
             beholding
             to
             the
             Common
             Lawes
             ,
             and
             if
             I
             should
             faile
             in
             that
             ,
             yet
             doe
             I
             promise
             you
             a
             list
             or
             Alphabet
             of
             Apprentises
             names
             ,
             who
             by
             their
             enrollments
             will
             appeare
             vpon
             good
             Record
             ,
             to
             haue
             beene
             sonnes
             of
             Gentlemen
             from
             all
             the
             parts
             of
             England
             .
          
           
           
             Neither
             let
             your
             approued
             vertue
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             in
             the
             meane
             time
             you
             shall
             finde
             vs
             very
             ready
             to
             shew
             our
             free
             ,
             and
             honest
             mindes
             ,
             in
             all
             commendable
             ,
             and
             disenuious
             emulations
             ,
             with
             the
             best
             Gentlemen
             whosoeuer
             .
             Which
             disposition
             measure
             not
             by
             the
             few
             Angells
             you
             receiue
             in
             this
             Letter
             .
             For
             what
             are
             twenty
             in
             such
             a
             case
             ?
          
           
             If
             this
             my
             sute
             ,
             and
             request
             ,
             cary
             the
             lesse
             regard
             ,
             because
             it
             comes
             but
             from
             a
             priuate
             Citizen
             ,
             be
             pleased
             I
             pray
             to
             vnderstand
             ,
             that
             in
             me
             ,
             though
             being
             but
             one
             man
             ,
             multitudes
             speake
             ,
             and
             that
             out
             of
             a
             priuate
             pen
             ,
             a
             publike
             cause
             propounds
             it selfe
             .
             And
             yet
             I
             come
             not
             single
             .
             For
             with
             this
             Letter
             of
             mine
             ,
             I
             send
             you
             two
             other
             .
             The
             one
             from
             a
             worshipfull
             friend
             ,
             and
             kinsman
             of
             mine
             ,
             written
             to
             me
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             of
             my
             Cousin
             his
             second
             sonne
             ,
             much
             what
             of
             one
             nature
             with
             this
             of
             mine
             .
             And
             so
             with
             my
             loue
             ,
             and
             best
             respects
             remembred
             ,
             I
             commit
             you
             to
             Gods
             holy
             keeping
             ,
             and
             rest
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             true
             Copies
             of
             those
             two
             other
             Letters
             ,
             whereof
             in
             the
             former
             there
             is
             mention
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Fathers
               Letter
               .
            
             
               Cousin
               ,
               I
               pray
               peruse
               the
               enclosed
               ,
               which
               troubleth
               me
               as
               much
               as
               it
               doth
               my
               sonne
               ,
               and
               seeke
               satisfaction
               of
               such
               as
               are
               skilfull
               indeed
               .
               I
               care
               not
               for
               charge
               ,
               for
               looke
               whatsoeuer
               it
               costs
               I
               will
               beare
               it
               .
               In
               the
               meane
               while
               comfort
               my
               childe
               ,
               for
               if
               it
               bee
               so
               as
               hee
               writes
               ,
               hee
               shall
               not
               stay
               in
               London
               ,
               though
               it
               cost
               me
               fiue
               hundred
               Pounds
               .
               And
               so
               in
               great
               hast
               I
               leaue
               you
               to
               our
               Lord
               Christ
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               Apprentises
               Letter
               to
               his
               Father
               .
            
             
               MOst
               deare
               ,
               and
               most
               louing
               Father
               ,
               my
               most
               humble
               dutie
               remembred
               vnto
               you
               .
               These
               are
               to
               giue
               you
               to
               vnderstand
               ,
               that
               my
               body
               is
               in
               good
               health
               ,
               praised
               he
               God
               ,
               but
               my
               minde
               ,
               and
               spirits
               are
               not
               ,
               for
               they
               are
               very
               much
               troubled
               .
               For
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               Sir
               ,
               that
               albeit
               my
               Master
               be
               a
               very
               worthy
               ,
               and
               an
               honest
               Citizen
               ,
               and
               that
               my selfe
               ,
               doing
               as
               an
               Apprentise
               ought
               (
               which
               I
               doe
               willingly
               ,
               not
               refusing
               any
               thing
               ,
               as
               remembring
               St.
               Peters
               precept
               ,
               
                 Serui
                 ,
                 subditi
                 estote
                 in
                 timore
                 Domini
                 )
              
               am
               as
               well
               vsed
               in
               this
               house
               ,
               as
               if
               I
               were
               with
               you
               ;
               yet
               by
               reading
               certaine
               bookes
               ,
               at
               spare
               houres
               ,
               and
               conferring
               with
               some
               who
               take
               vpon
               them
               to
               be
               very
               well
               skill'd
               in
               Heraldry
               ,
               I
               am
               brought
               to
               beleeue
               ,
               that
               by
               being
               a
               Prentise
               ,
               I
               lose
               my
               birth
               right
               ,
               and
               the
               right
               of
               my
               blood
               both
               by
               father
               ,
               and
               mother
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               be
               a
               Gentlemen
               ,
               which
               I
               had
               rather
               dye
               ,
               then
               to
               endure
               .
               This
               is
               my
               griefe
               ,
               and
               this
               the
               cause
               why
               my
               minde
               is
               so
               troubled
               ,
               as
               I
               cannot
               eat
               ,
               nor
               sleepe
               in
               quiet
               :
               Teares
               hinder
               me
               from
               writing
               more
               ,
               and
               therefore
               most
               humbly
               crauing
               pardon
               ,
               and
               your
               most
               fatherly
               blessing
               ,
               I
               commit
               you
               to
               God
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               From
               London
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           CITIES
           ADVOCATE
           ,
           In
           a
           question
           of
           Honor
           ,
           and
           Armes
           .
        
         
           Whether
           Apprentiship
           extinguisheth
           Gentrie
           .
        
         
           
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               this
               first
               part
               .
            
             
               1
               THe
               present
               question
               very
               important
               for
               many
               great
               causes
               .
               Two
               Crowned
               Queenes
               of
               England
               ,
               &
               much
               of
               the
               Nobility
               parties
               to
               it
               .
               Bullen
               &
               Calthorpe
               L.
               Majors
               of
               London
               ;
               their
               interesses
               in
               royall
               blood
               .
               What
               
                 Quaestio
                 status
              
               ,
               and
               what
               the
               least
               
                 capitis
                 diminutio
              
               is
               .
               Only
               the
               base
               neglect
               it
               .
               
                 Honour
                 a
                 faire
                 Starre
                 .
                 Disparagement
                 odious
                 .
              
               Preuention
               of
               mischiefes
               by
               determining
               this
               question
               .
               
                 Proud
                 Citie-races
                 vnworthy
                 of
                 the
                 Citie
                 .
              
            
             
               2
               The
               Cities
               Honors
               in
               Armes
               proued
               out
               of
               ancient
               Monuments
               .
               The
               
                 L.
                 Fitz
                 Walter
              
               ,
               Standard-bearer
               of
               
                 London
                 .
                 Claurie
              
               and
               Biallie
               two
               termes
               in
               old
               blazon
               .
            
             
               3
               The
               transcendent
               power
               of
               opinion
               .
               To
               derogate
               from
               the
               splendor
               of
               birth
               ,
               reputed
               a
               wrong
               .
               Whence
               comes
               the
               present
               question
               of
               Apprentiship
               .
            
             
               
               4
               The
               maine
               reason
               why
               some
               doe
               hold
               ,
               that
               
                 Apprentiship
                 extinguisheth
                 Gentrie
              
               .
               Apprentiship
               no
               bondage
               either
               in
               truth
               ,
               or
               at
               all
               .
               The
               case
               truely
               propounded
               .
               The
               skill
               of
               honest
               gettings
               a
               precious
               mystery
               .
               What
               kinde
               of
               contract
               that
               seemes
               to
               be
               ,
               which
               is
               betweene
               Master
               and
               Apprentise
               .
            
             
               5
               An
               obiection
               that
               Apprentiship
               is
               a
               kinde
               of
               bondage
               .
               The
               fine
               folly
               of
               Erasmus
               in
               his
               Etymologie
               of
               an
               Apprentise
               .
               The
               comparison
               betweene
               Seruus
               among
               Ciuilians
               ,
               and
               Apprentises
               among
               Englishmen
               ,
               holds
               not
               .
               What
               the
               word
               Apprentise
               meanes
               .
               Sir
               
                 Thomas
                 Smiths
              
               error
               in
               confounding
               seruitude
               and
               discipline
               .
            
             
               6.
               7.
               8.
               
               Particular
               points
               touching
               Seruus
               .
               Sanctuarie
               at
               the
               Princes
               image
               .
               Manumission
               ,
               and
               Recaptiuitie
               by
               Law.
               None
               of
               those
               points
               concerne
               Apprentises
               more
               then
               Souldiers
               ,
               Schollers
               ,
               or
               religious
               nouices
               .
            
             
               9.
               10.
               
               The
               finall
               cause
               denominates
               the
               action
               ,
               and
               proues
               Apprentiship
               not
               to
               be
               base
               .
               The
               contrarie
               opinion
               pernicious
               to
               manners
               ,
               and
               to
               good
               Commonweale
               among
               vs
               ,
               chiefly
               now
               .
               The
               different
               face
               of
               both
               opinions
               in
               daily
               experience
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             First
             Part.
             
          
           
             THE
             present
             question
             ,
             
               Whether
               Apprentiship
               extinguisheth
               Gentry
            
             being
             now
             not
             so
             much
             a
             paradox
             ,
             as
             growne
             in
             secret
             to
             be
             of
             late
             a
             common
             opinion
             ,
             I
             am
             bold
             to
             call
             a
             weighty
             and
             important
             question
             vniustly
             grounded
             vpon
             the
             learned
             folly
             of
             Erasmus
             of
             Roterdam
             ,
             and
             the
             incircumspection
             of
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Smith
            
             Knight
             ,
             in
             his
             booke
             
               de
               Republica
               Anglorum
            
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             certaine
             wandring
             conceits
             hatcht
             among
             trees
             &
             tillage
             ,
             as
             shall
             appeare
             hereafter
             .
             Weighty
             and
             important
             I
             am
             bold
             to
             call
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             so
             .
             Because
             in
             looking
             out
             vpon
             the
             concernings
             of
             the
             case
             ,
             I
             finde
             that
             prospect
             so
             spacious
             ,
             that
             within
             the
             compass
             thereof
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             greater
             as
             the
             lesser
             Nobilitie
             of
             England
             are
             very
             notably
             ,
             and
             very
             inexplicably
             enwrapped
             .
             What
             doe
             I
             say
             of
             the
             subalternall
             Nobilitie
             ,
             when
             the
             Royall
             name
             it selfe
             (
             with
             all
             humble
             reuerence
             be
             it
             spoken
             )
             was
             deeply
             interessed
             in
             the
             proposition
             ?
             For
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             ,
             though
             a
             free
             Monarch
             ,
             and
             chiefe
             of
             the
             English
             in
             her
             turne
             ,
             was
             a
             party
             of
             the
             cause
             ,
             which
             shee
             ingenuously
             ,
             and
             openly
             acknowledged
             ,
             calling
             Sir
             
               Martin
               Calthorpe
            
             ,
             kinsman
             ,
             (
             as
             indeed
             he
             was
             )
             
             being
             at
             that
             time
             Knight
             ,
             and
             Lord
             Maior
             of
             London
             :
             Yea
             Sir
             
               Godfrey
               Bullen
            
             (
             Knight
             also
             and
             Lord
             Maior
             of
             London
             )
             was
             lineall
             Ancestor
             to
             Queene
             Anne
             her
             mother
             (
             saith
             Camden
             in
             his
             Annals
             )
             no
             longer
             before
             then
             in
             the
             reigne
             of
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             King
             of
             England
             .
             Both
             which
             Knights
             (
             being
             also
             Gentlemen
             borne
             ,
             &
             of
             right
             Worshipfull
             Families
             )
             ascended
             by
             due
             degrees
             from
             the
             condition
             of
             Apprentises
             to
             the
             greatest
             annuall
             honor
             of
             this
             Kingdome
             .
             It
             is
             weighty
             and
             important
             ,
             because
             without
             much
             impropriety
             of
             speech
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             called
             
               quaestio
               status
            
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             ancient
             phrase
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Iustinian
             ,
             is
             as
             much
             to
             say
             as
             a
             tryall
             ,
             whether
             one
             is
             to
             be
             adiudged
             bond
             ,
             or
             free
             ,
             seruile
             ,
             or
             ingenuous
             ,
             and
             implieth
             that
             odious
             ,
             and
             vnnaturall
             sequel
             ,
             which
             by
             Textuists
             hath
             to
             name
             ,
             
               Capitis
               diminutio
            
             :
             wherof
             though
             the
             Romane
             lawes
             make
             a
             threefold
             diuision
             ,
             yet
             in
             this
             our
             question
             ,
             if
             but
             onely
             the
             third
             and
             lowest
             degree
             were
             incurred
             ,
             which
             hapneth
             ,
             
               cum
               qui
               sui
               juris
               fuerunt
               ,
               coeperunt
               alieno
               iuri
               subiecti
               esse
               ,
            
             that
             alone
             should
             keepe
             vs
             from
             neglect
             .
             It
             is
             weighty
             and
             important
             ,
             and
             can
             appeare
             none
             other
             ,
             because
             it
             directly
             tends
             to
             darken
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             to
             intercloud
             the
             luminous
             body
             of
             that
             beauteous
             planet
             HONOR
             ,
             with
             not
             onely
             foule
             but
             lasting
             spots
             .
             For
             what
             
             can
             lightly
             be
             a
             more
             disparagement
             ,
             then
             for
             the
             free
             to
             become
             a
             kind
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             or
             to
             be
             come
             of
             such
             ?
             Nay
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             without
             vs
             ,
             which
             can
             bee
             of
             so
             great
             disparagement
             .
             Finally
             ,
             it
             is
             weighty
             ,
             and
             important
             for
             very
             many
             other
             reasons
             ,
             and
             particularly
             because
             it
             is
             not
             onely
             fit
             that
             states
             of
             opinions
             should
             be
             rectified
             in
             this
             kinde
             ,
             as
             breeding
             bad
             affections
             among
             people
             of
             the
             same
             nation
             (
             from
             whence
             great
             mischiefes
             often
             rise
             ,
             euen
             to
             hatred
             ,
             quarrels
             ,
             and
             homicides
             )
             but
             that
             such
             also
             ,
             as
             through
             vanity
             ,
             or
             other
             sicknesse
             of
             the
             wit
             ,
             or
             iudgement
             ,
             disdaine
             to
             seeme
             either
             Citie-borne
             ,
             or
             Citie-bred
             ,
             or
             to
             owe
             any
             thing
             of
             their
             worship
             ,
             or
             estate
             ,
             either
             to
             the
             City
             ,
             or
             to
             Citizens
             ,
             may
             vnderstand
             their
             owne
             place
             ,
             and
             true
             condition
             ,
             lest
             they
             be
             conuinced
             to
             be
             among
             them
             ,
             who
             are
             vnworthy
             of
             so
             honest
             either
             originall
             or
             accession
             as
             the
             Citie
             yeeldeth
             .
          
           
             But
             let
             vs
             first
             behold
             the
             Cities
             Honour
             in
             Armes
             ,
             as
             it
             stands
             displayed
             in
             ancient
             Heraldry
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             is
             commented
             vpon
             out
             of
             authenticke
             Monuments
             in
             that
             worthily
             well
             commended
             Survey
             of
             LONDON
             ,
             composed
             by
             that
             diligent
             Chronologer
             ,
             and
             vertuous
             Citizen
             M.
             
               Iohn
               Stowe
            
             ;
             The
             present
             figure
             with
             the
             same
             words
             as
             here
             they
             stand
             ,
             is
             a
             copy
             of
             that
             which
             an
             old
             imperfect
             larger
             volume
             at
             the
             Office
             of
             Armes
             containeth
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               BADGES
               LONDON
            
             
               OF
               THE
               CITIE
               OF
               LONDON
               THE
               LORD
               FITZ-WALTER
               BANNERER
            
          
           
           
             There
             needs
             no
             greater
             demonstration
             of
             the
             Cities
             ancient
             honor
             ,
             and
             of
             her
             peoples
             free
             qualitie
             ,
             then
             this
             ,
             that
             a
             principall
             Baron
             of
             the
             Realm
             of
             England
             was
             by
             tenure
             her
             Standard-bearer
             .
             The
             figure
             of
             St.
             Paul
             (
             titularie
             patron
             of
             London
             )
             aduanced
             it selfe
             in
             the
             Standard
             ,
             and
             vpon
             the
             shield
             those
             famous
             well-knowne
             Armories
             of
             the
             Crosse
             ,
             and
             Weapon
             .
             The
             like
             picture
             of
             which
             Apostle
             was
             also
             embroidered
             in
             the
             caparisons
             of
             that
             horse
             of
             warre
             ,
             which
             for
             the
             purpose
             of
             the
             Cities
             seruice
             he
             receiued
             of
             gift
             at
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Lord
             Maior
             .
             Vpon
             the
             Standard-bearers
             coat
             armour
             are
             painted
             the
             hereditarie
             ensignes
             of
             his
             owne
             illustrious
             Familie
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               Or
               ,
               a
               Fesse
               betweene
               two
               Cheuerns
               Gules
               .
            
             Which
             kind
             of
             field
             the
             ancients
             called
             Claurie
             ,
             perhaps
             
               à
               claritate
            
             ,
             because
             such
             fields
             as
             were
             all
             of
             one
             colour
             made
             their
             charges
             the
             more
             clearely
             seene
             ,
             and
             perspicuous
             .
             And
             as
             they
             gaue
             to
             that
             species
             of
             blazon
             a
             peculiar
             name
             for
             the
             dignitie
             ,
             so
             did
             they
             also
             assigne
             to
             this
             manner
             of
             bearing
             two
             Cheuerns
             ,
             the
             terme
             Biallie
             ,
             or
             a
             coat
             
               Biallie
               ,
               a
               numero
               binario
            
             .
             In
             which
             braue
             times
             had
             that
             noble
             Gentleman
             ,
             but
             slightly
             ,
             and
             farre
             off
             suspected
             ,
             that
             he
             displayed
             that
             banner
             ,
             for
             a
             kind
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             or
             as
             for
             their
             seruice
             ,
             his
             great
             heroick
             spirit
             
             would
             rather
             haue
             trodden
             such
             an
             office
             vnder
             foot
             .
             In
             good
             assurance
             therefore
             of
             this
             common
             causes
             iustice
             ,
             we
             proceed
             .
          
           
             Sound
             opinion
             (
             meaning
             doctrine
             )
             is
             the
             anchor
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             opinion
             (
             meaning
             a
             worthy
             conceit
             of
             this
             or
             that
             person
             )
             is
             the
             principall
             ingredient
             which
             makes
             words
             ,
             or
             actions
             relish
             well
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Graces
             are
             ,
             without
             it
             ,
             little
             worth
             .
             To
             take
             the
             fame
             from
             any
             man
             that
             hee
             is
             a
             Gentleman-borne
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             disenablement
             ,
             and
             preiudice
             ,
             at
             leastwise
             among
             the
             weake
             (
             who
             consider
             no
             further
             then
             seemings
             )
             that
             is
             to
             say
             among
             almost
             all
             .
             Consequently
             a
             wrong
             .
             And
             if
             a
             wrong
             then
             due
             to
             be
             redressed
             .
             To
             find
             iniurie
             ,
             we
             must
             first
             enquire
          
           
             Whether
             Apprentiship
             extinguisheth
             Gentrie
             .
          
           
             4
             The
             maine
             reason
             ,
             certainly
             the
             most
             generall
             ,
             vsed
             to
             proue
             ,
             that
             it
             doth
             ,
             is
             ,
             
               That
               Apprentiship
               is
               a
               kinde
               of
               bondage
               ,
            
             and
             bondage
             speciallie
             voluntarie
             (
             in
             which
             case
             the
             Imperiall
             law-rule
             ,
             
               non
               officit
               natalibus
               in
               seruitute
               fuisse
               ,
            
             may
             bee
             perhaps
             defectiue
             )
             extinguisheth
             natiue
             Gentrie
             .
             But
             I
             denie
             that
             Apprentiship
             is
             either
             
               vera
               seruitus
            
             ,
             or
             
               omnino
               servitus
            
             .
          
           
             For
             explication
             of
             this
             difficultie
             ,
             I
             will
             set
             before
             your
             eyes
             the
             case
             as
             it
             is
             .
             A
             Gentleman
             hath
             
             a
             sonne
             ,
             whom
             he
             meanes
             to
             breed
             vp
             in
             an
             Art
             of
             thrift
             ,
             not
             rising
             meerely
             out
             of
             a
             stocke
             of
             wit
             ,
             or
             learning
             ,
             but
             out
             of
             a
             stocke
             of
             money
             ,
             and
             credit
             ,
             managed
             according
             to
             that
             Art
             ;
             and
             for
             this
             cause
             hee
             brings
             his
             child
             at
             15.
             or
             16.
             yeares
             old
             ,
             more
             ,
             or
             lesse
             ,
             to
             the
             Citie
             of
             London
             ,
             prouides
             him
             a
             Master
             ,
             and
             the
             youth
             ,
             by
             his
             fathers
             counsel
             ,
             willingly
             becomes
             an
             Apprētise
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             interchangeably
             seales
             a
             written
             contract
             with
             his
             Master
             by
             an
             indented
             instrument
             .
             That
             he
             ,
             for
             his
             certaine
             yeares
             true
             and
             faithfull
             seruice
             ,
             shall
             learne
             that
             precious
             mystery
             of
             how
             to
             gaine
             honestly
             ,
             and
             to
             raise
             himselfe
             .
             Let
             the
             legal
             and
             ordinarie
             forme
             of
             that
             instrument
             (
             extant
             in
             
               Wests
               Precedents
            
             ,
             and
             familiar
             euery
             where
             )
             be
             duly
             pondered
             ,
             and
             it
             will
             appeare
             a
             meere
             ciuill
             contract
             ,
             which
             as
             all
             the
             world
             knowes
             ,
             a
             bondman
             is
             vncapable
             of
             .
             If
             you
             would
             know
             vnder
             what
             kinde
             ,
             or
             species
             of
             contract
             that
             doth
             fall
             ;
             I
             answer
             :
             That
             it
             seemes
             to
             be
             a
             contract
             of
             permutation
             ,
             or
             interchange
             :
             In
             which
             mutuall
             obligation
             ,
             or
             conuention
             ,
             the
             act
             of
             binding
             is
             no
             more
             ,
             but
             that
             (
             as
             reason
             and
             iustice
             would
             )
             the
             Master
             might
             be
             determinately
             for
             the
             time
             ,
             and
             sufficiently
             for
             the
             manner
             ,
             sure
             to
             enioy
             his
             Apprentise
             .
             Apprētiship
             being
             therfore
             ,
             but
             an
             effect
             
             of
             a
             ciuill
             contract
             ,
             occasioned
             ,
             and
             caused
             by
             that
             prudent
             respect
             which
             the
             Contrahents
             mutually
             haue
             to
             their
             lawfull
             and
             honest
             commodity
             ,
             and
             such
             onely
             as
             are
             free-borne
             ,
             being
             capable
             to
             make
             this
             contract
             with
             effect
             ,
             
               Apprentiship
               doth
               not
               extinguish
               Gentry
            
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             contrarie
             ,
             it
             is
             vrged
             :
             That
             although
             Apprentiship
             bee
             not
             a
             true
             bondage
             to
             all
             constructions
             ,
             and
             purposes
             ,
             yet
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             a
             temporary
             bondage
             ,
             and
             equall
             (
             for
             the
             time
             it
             lasteth
             )
             to
             very
             seruitude
             .
             In
             which
             opinion
             Erasmus
             is
             ,
             making
             his
             Etymologie
             of
             our
             Prentises
             to
             be
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             are
             like
             to
             such
             as
             are
             bought
             with
             money
             ,
             
               pares
               emptitijs
            
             ,
             which
             conceipt
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             more
             literate
             ,
             then
             happie
             ,
             so
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             set
             to
             sale
             ,
             would
             find
             few
             Chapmen
             ,
             but
             to
             laugh
             at
             it
             .
             For
             Erasmus
             is
             aswell
             proued
             to
             be
             
               errans
               mus
               in
               obscurorum
               virorum
               Epistolis
               ,
            
             as
             Apprentises
             in
             England
             to
             be
             
               pares
               emptitijs
            
             .
             But
             we
             absolutely
             deny
             that
             Apprentiship
             is
             in
             any
             sort
             a
             kinde
             of
             bondage
             .
             For
             notwithstanding
             that
             to
             proue
             it
             be
             so
             ,
             they
             make
             a
             parallel
             between
             the
             ancient
             Roman
             seruitude
             ,
             and
             the
             London
             apprentiship
             ,
             yet
             will
             these
             comparata
             ,
             be
             found
             disparata
             ,
             if
             not
             disparatissima
             .
             For
             seruus
             among
             the
             old
             Romans
             ,
             was
             so
             called
             of
             seruando
             of
             preseruing
             or
             sauing
             ,
             and
             not
             of
             seruiendo
             ,
             of
             
             seruing
             ,
             saith
             the
             Law-maker
             himselfe
             ,
             the
             Emperor
             Iustinian
             .
             But
             the
             word
             Apprentise
             commeth
             of
             Aprenti
             ,
             the
             French
             word
             ,
             a
             raw
             souldier
             ,
             or
             young
             learner
             ,
             
               Tyro
               ,
               rudis
               discipulus
            
             ;
             or
             of
             the
             French
             verbē
             ,
             which
             signifies
             to
             learne
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Latine
             word
             apprehendo
             ,
             or
             apprendo
             ,
             which
             properly
             is
             to
             lay
             hold
             of
             ,
             and
             translatiuely
             to
             learne
             ,
             which
             deriuations
             are
             consonant
             to
             the
             thing
             ,
             and
             true
             howsoeuer
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Smith
            
             in
             his
             bookes
             
               de
               Republica
               Anglorum
            
             ,
             not
             remembring
             to
             distinguish
             betweene
             seruitude
             and
             discipline
             ,
             bondage
             ,
             and
             regular
             breeding
             ,
             iniuriously
             defined
             them
             to
             be
             a
             kind
             of
             bondmen
             (
             meaning
             meere
             slaues
             ,
             and
             not
             as
             in
             some
             places
             of
             England
             ,
             bondsmen
             are
             taken
             for
             such
             as
             are
             in
             bonds
             for
             actionable
             causes
             )
             and
             such
             bondmen
             as
             differ
             onely
             thus
             from
             very
             bondmen
             (
             whose
             like
             words
             for
             signification
             are
             those
             foulest
             ones
             ,
             slaues
             and
             villaines
             )
             that
             Apprentises
             be
             but
             for
             a
             time
             certaine
             .
             An
             ouersight
             which
             I
             could
             haue
             wished
             far
             off
             from
             so
             graue
             and
             learned
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             as
             that
             Knight
             ,
             who
             was
             of
             priuy
             Counsell
             ,
             in
             the
             place
             of
             Secretarie
             ,
             to
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             that
             which
             did
             constitute
             a
             bondman
             among
             the
             old
             Romans
             ,
             was
             such
             a
             power
             and
             right
             ,
             vested
             in
             the
             Lord
             ,
             ouer
             the
             very
             body
             of
             his
             
             bondman
             ,
             or
             slaue
             ,
             as
             descending
             to
             him
             vnder
             some
             receiued
             title
             ,
             or
             other
             
               iure
               gentium
            
             ,
             was
             maintained
             to
             him
             ,
             
               iure
               ciuili
               Romanorum
            
             .
             By
             vertue
             whereof
             he
             became
             proprietarie
             in
             the
             person
             of
             his
             bondman
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             body
             of
             his
             oxe
             ,
             horse
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             beast
             he
             had
             ,
             which
             proprietariship
             was
             indeterminable
             ,
             but
             only
             by
             manumission
             ,
             and
             that
             act
             meerely
             depended
             vpon
             the
             will
             of
             his
             Lord
             ,
             without
             any
             endentment
             ,
             or
             condition
             on
             behalfe
             of
             the
             slaue
             ,
             which
             a
             right
             Roman
             would
             neuer
             endure
             to
             heare
             of
             from
             his
             bondman
             .
             Finally
             (
             which
             in
             the
             qualitie
             of
             that
             seruitude
             was
             most
             base
             ,
             )
             seruus
             among
             them
             ,
             
               nullum
               caput
               habuit
            
             ,
             had
             no
             head
             in
             law
             ,
             and
             neither
             was
             
               in
               censu
            
             ,
             nor
             
               in
               lustro
               condito
            
             ;
             asmuch
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             out
             of
             the
             number
             of
             men
             ,
             their
             names
             being
             neither
             put
             ,
             as
             among
             such
             as
             had
             wherewith
             to
             pay
             ,
             in
             the
             Rolles
             of
             their
             Exchequer
             ,
             or
             tables
             of
             their
             Capitol
             ,
             nor
             ,
             as
             bodies
             wherewith
             to
             serue
             in
             the
             generall
             musters
             of
             their
             Commonweale
             ,
             but
             (
             to
             bee
             briefe
             )
             were
             reputed
             
               ciuilitèr
               mortui
            
             ,
             dead
             in
             Law
             ,
             death
             ,
             and
             bondage
             being
             alike
             among
             them
             ,
             without
             any
             more
             reputation
             of
             being
             members
             in
             the
             body
             politique
             ,
             then
             brute
             cattell
             ,
             for
             bondmen
             were
             reputed
             no
             body
             ,
             
               serui
               pro
               nullis
               habiti
            
             .
          
           
           
             And
             albeit
             the
             authority
             of
             the
             commonweale
             vpon
             this
             good
             ground
             of
             State
             ,
             
               interest
               reipublicae
               ne
               quis
               re
               sua
               male
               vtatur
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Maiestie
             of
             Soueraigne
             Princes
             ,
             meerly
             as
             in
             honor
             ,
             and
             as
             moued
             with
             commiseration
             of
             humane
             miseries
             ,
             did
             sometime
             interpose
             it selfe
             vpon
             iust
             causes
             ;
             as
             ,
             where
             the
             Lord
             did
             immeasurably
             tyrannise
             ,
             or
             the
             bondman
             tooke
             Sanctuary
             at
             the
             Emperours
             statue
             ,
             and
             image
             ,
             or
             ,
             at
             the
             altar
             of
             some
             one
             or
             other
             of
             their
             gods
             (
             an
             example
             whereof
             is
             in
             Plautus
             )
             yet
             the
             bondman
             after
             manumission
             ,
             continued
             in
             such
             relation
             to
             his
             late
             Lord
             ,
             that
             in
             certaine
             cases
             ,
             (
             as
             ingratitude
             )
             he
             who
             was
             once
             enfranchised
             was
             adiudged
             backe
             to
             his
             patron
             ,
             and
             condemned
             againe
             to
             a
             farre
             more
             miserable
             seruitude
             then
             euer
             .
          
           
             These
             things
             considered
             ,
             and
             nothing
             being
             like
             in
             Apprentiship
             ,
             who
             liues
             so
             carelesse
             of
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             English
             name
             ,
             as
             to
             bring
             the
             disciples
             of
             honest
             Arts
             ,
             and
             Schollers
             of
             mysteryes
             in
             ciuill
             trade
             ,
             and
             commerce
             for
             vertuous
             causes
             ,
             all
             called
             by
             the
             faire
             title
             of
             Apprentises
             ,
             into
             the
             state
             or
             qualitie
             of
             bondmen
             ?
             Faire
             I
             call
             it
             ,
             because
             that
             title
             is
             common
             to
             them
             with
             the
             Inns
             of
             Court
             ,
             where
             Apprentises
             at
             Law
             ,
             are
             not
             the
             meanest
             Gentlemen
             .
             Apprentiship
             therefore
             is
             no
             voluntarie
             bondage
             ,
             because
             it
             is
             no
             bondage
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             a
             
             title
             onely
             of
             politicke
             or
             ciuill
             discipline
             .
             Apprentiship
             therefore
             doth
             not
             extinguish
             Gentry
             .
             So
             then
             ,
             Apprentises
             ,
             whether
             Gentlemen
             of
             birth
             or
             others
             ,
             whatsoeuer
             their
             Indentures
             doe
             purport
             ,
             and
             howsoeuer
             they
             seeme
             conditionall
             seruāts
             ,
             are
             in
             truth
             not
             boūd
             to
             do
             ,
             or
             to
             suffer
             things
             more
             grieuous
             then
             yong
             souldiers
             in
             armies
             ,
             or
             schollers
             in
             rigorous
             schooles
             ,
             or
             nouices
             in
             nouiceships
             :
             each
             of
             whom
             in
             their
             kind
             vsually
             do
             ,
             and
             suffer
             things
             as
             base
             and
             vile
             in
             their
             owne
             quality
             ,
             simply
             ,
             &
             in
             themselues
             considered
             ,
             without
             respect
             to
             the
             finall
             scope
             ,
             or
             aime
             of
             the
             first
             institution
             ,
             as
             perhaps
             the
             very
             meanest
             of
             fiue
             thousand
             Apprentises
             in
             London
             .
          
           
             The
             finall
             cause
             therefore
             of
             euery
             ordination
             qualifies
             the
             course
             ,
             and
             the
             end
             denominates
             the
             meanes
             and
             actions
             tending
             to
             it
             .
             For
             if
             that
             be
             noble
             ,
             no
             worke
             is
             base
             prescribed
             
               in
               ordine
            
             ,
             or
             as
             in
             the
             way
             to
             that
             end
             .
             Though
             abstracting
             frō
             that
             consideration
             ,
             the
             worke
             wrought
             ,
             in
             the
             proper
             nature
             of
             it
             ,
             be
             seruile
             .
             As
             ,
             for
             a
             souldier
             to
             dig
             or
             carie
             earth
             to
             a
             rampire
             ,
             or
             for
             a
             student
             to
             goe
             bare-headed
             to
             a
             fellow
             of
             the
             house
             within
             the
             Colledge
             ,
             as
             far
             off
             as
             he
             can
             see
             him
             ,
             omitting
             the
             more
             deformed
             necessitie
             ,
             of
             suffering
             priuate
             ,
             or
             publike
             disciplines
             :
             or
             for
             a
             nouice
             in
             a
             nouiceship
             to
             wash
             dishes
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             seeming-base
             workes
             ,
             
             as
             by
             report
             ,
             is
             vsuall
             .
             If
             then
             the
             generall
             scope
             ,
             or
             finall
             reason
             of
             Apprentiship
             be
             honest
             ,
             and
             worthy
             of
             a
             Gentlemā
             (
             as
             will
             appeare
             hereafter
             that
             it
             is
             )
             what
             can
             be
             clearer
             then
             that
             Apprentiship
             doth
             not
             extinguish
             Gentry
             ?
          
           
             I
             am
             the
             more
             feruent
             in
             this
             case
             ;
             because
             this
             one
             false
             conceit
             (
             at
             all
             times
             hurtful
             ,
             but
             chiefly
             in
             these
             latter
             times
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             meanes
             of
             easie
             maintenance
             are
             infinitely
             straitned
             )
             that
             
               for
               a
               Gentleman
               borne
               ,
               or
               one
               that
               would
               aspire
               to
               bee
               a
               Gentleman
               ,
               for
               him
               to
               be
               an
               Apprentise
               to
               a
               Citizen
               ,
               or
               Burgensis
               ,
               is
               a
               thing
               vnbeseeming
               him
               ,
            
             hath
             fill'd
             our
             England
             with
             more
             vices
             ,
             and
             sacrificed
             more
             seruiceable
             bodies
             to
             odious
             ends
             ,
             and
             more
             soules
             to
             sinfull
             life
             ,
             then
             perhaps
             any
             
               one
               other
               vnciuill
               opinion
            
             whatsoeuer
             .
             For
             they
             who
             hold
             it
             better
             to
             rob
             by
             land
             ,
             or
             sea
             ,
             then
             to
             beg
             ,
             or
             labour
             ,
             doe
             daily
             see
             ,
             and
             feele
             ,
             that
             out
             of
             Apprentises
             rise
             such
             ,
             as
             sit
             vpon
             them
             ,
             standing
             out
             for
             their
             liues
             as
             malefactors
             ,
             when
             they
             (
             a
             shame
             ,
             and
             sorrow
             to
             their
             kinred
             )
             vndergoe
             a
             fortune
             too
             vnworthy
             ,
             euen
             of
             the
             basest
             ,
             of
             honest
             bondmen
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               this
               second
               part
               .
            
             
               1
               APprentiship
               a
               laudable
               policie
               of
               discipline
               ,
               not
               a
               bondage
               .
               The
               contrarie
               opinion
               ouer
               throwes
               one
               maine
               pillar
               of
               Commonweale
               Seueritie
               of
               discipline
               more
               needfull
               to
               be
               recalled
               ,
               then
               relaxed
               .
            
             
               2
               The
               aduersaries
               conceipts
               brand
               our
               founders
               .
               Mechanicall
               qualities
               Gods
               speciall
               gifts
               .
            
             
               3
               Of
               Tubal-Cain
               ,
               and
               the
               dignitie
               ,
               and
               necessitie
               of
               crafts
               .
               Hiram
               ,
               the
               brasse
               founder
               .
               S.
               Pauls
               handy
               Art
               ,
               and
               the
               cause
               shewed
               out
               of
               the
               Rabbins
               .
               Of
               other
               ennoblements
               touching
               them
               .
            
             
               4
               The
               wisedome
               of
               instituting
               Apprentiship
               defended
               by
               the
               argument
               
                 a
                 minori
                 ad
                 maius
              
               .
            
             
               5
               London
               the
               palace
               of
               thriuing
               Arts.
               Concerning
               Hebrew
               bondmen
               .
               The
               qualitie
               of
               Masters
               power
               ouer
               
                 Apprentises
                 .
                 Masters
              
               nos
               Lords
               ,
               but
               Guardians
               and
               Teachers
               rather
               .
            
             
               6
               The
               aduersaries
               manifest
               follie
               .
               Of
               corruption
               in
               blood
               the
               onely
               meanes
               of
               extinction
               ,
               and
               disenablement
               to
               Gentry
               .
               Of
               bondmen
               ,
               or
               villaines
               in
               England
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Second
             Part.
             
          
           
             THese
             things
             considered
             ,
             how
             should
             it
             fall
             into
             the
             minde
             of
             any
             good
             ,
             or
             wise
             discouser
             ,
             
               That
               Apprentises
               are
               a
               kind
               of
               bondmen
               ,
            
             and
             consequently
             ,
             
               That
               Apprentiship
               extinguisheth
               natiue
               Gentry
               ,
               and
               disenableth
               to
               acquisitiue
               ?
            
             For
             ,
             if
             that
             opinion
             bee
             not
             guilty
             of
             impiety
             to
             our
             Mother
             Countrey
             ,
             where
             that
             laudable
             policie
             of
             Apprentiship
             necessary
             for
             our
             nation
             ,
             is
             exercised
             as
             a
             point
             of
             seuere
             discipline
             ,
             warrantable
             in
             Christianitie
             ;
             certainly
             it
             hath
             in
             it
             a
             great
             deale
             of
             iniurious
             temeritie
             ,
             and
             inconfiderance
             ;
             and
             why
             not
             impietie
             also
             ,
             if
             they
             wilfully
             wrong
             the
             wisdome
             of
             England
             ,
             their
             naturall
             common
             parent
             ,
             whose
             children
             are
             free-borne
             ?
             Surelie
             ,
             notorious
             inconsiderance
             is
             apparent
             ,
             because
             there
             are
             but
             two
             maine
             pillars
             of
             Common-weale
             ,
             PRAEMIVM
             &
             PAENA
             ,
             Reward
             and
             Punishment
             .
             Of
             which
             ,
             in
             ciuill
             rewards
             ,
             Honor
             is
             highest
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             of
             the
             most
             eloquent
             Tullie
             in
             his
             perished
             workes
             ,
             
               de
               republica
            
             ,
             (
             as
             S.
             Augustine
             citeth
             them
             )
             as
             that
             thing
             with
             which
             
               hee
               would
               his
               Prince
               should
               bee
               fed
               ,
               and
               
               nourished
            
             ;
             and
             in
             his
             Philosophie
             hath
             vttered
             that
             famous
             sentence
             concerning
             the
             same
             ,
             
               Honos
               alit
               artes
               ,
               omnesque
               accenduntur
               ad
               studia
               gloria
               .
            
             Among
             vs
             therefore
             coats
             of
             Armes
             ,
             and
             titles
             of
             Gentlemen
             (
             which
             point
             the
             Knight
             beforesaid
             ,
             howsoeuer
             erring
             in
             Apprentises
             estate
             ,
             hath
             truely
             noted
             to
             be
             commodious
             for
             the
             Prince
             )
             being
             the
             most
             familiar
             part
             of
             Honor
             ,
             they
             rip
             vp
             ,
             and
             ouerturne
             the
             principall
             of
             those
             two
             pillars
             of
             common-weale
             ,
             frō
             the
             very
             basis
             .
             A
             strange
             ouersight
             ,
             specially
             of
             professors
             of
             skill
             in
             the
             Arts
             of
             publike
             gouernment
             ,
             vnlesse
             perhaps
             they
             speake
             it
             because
             they
             would
             haue
             things
             reformed
             ,
             or
             changed
             in
             this
             particular
             of
             Apprentiship
             .
             But
             we
             do
             not
             remember
             ,
             that
             either
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Eliot
            
             in
             his
             Gouernor
             ,
             or
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Chaloner
            
             ,
             (
             Leigier
             Ambassador
             for
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             in
             Spaine
             )
             in
             his
             bookes
             of
             Latine
             Hexameters
             
               de
               rep
               .
               Anglorum
               instaurandâ
            
             ,
             (
             published
             with
             the
             verses
             of
             the
             Lord
             Treasurer
             Burghley's
             before
             it
             )
             or
             any
             other
             Author
             rightly
             vnderstanding
             our
             England
             ,
             and
             her
             generous
             people
             ,
             did
             euer
             once
             taxe
             our
             Countries
             policie
             in
             this
             point
             .
             Yea
             ,
             some
             make
             it
             a
             quaere
             ,
             whether
             the
             Cities
             discipline
             had
             not
             more
             need
             to
             be
             reduced
             neerer
             to
             the
             ancient
             seuerity
             thereof
             ,
             considering
             with
             what
             vices
             London
             flowes
             ,
             
             and
             ouerflowes
             ,
             then
             that
             it
             should
             bee
             abduced
             ,
             though
             but
             a
             little
             ,
             from
             it
             .
          
           
             Now
             then
             let
             any
             one
             but
             rightly
             weigh
             with
             what
             conscience
             ,
             or
             common
             sense
             ,
             the
             first
             institutors
             ,
             or
             propagators
             of
             the
             English
             forme
             of
             gouernment
             could
             lay
             vpon
             Industry
             ,
             and
             ciuill
             Vertue
             (
             whose
             subiect
             are
             the
             lawfull
             things
             of
             this
             life
             ,
             and
             whose
             neerest
             obiect
             is
             honor
             ,
             and
             honest
             wealth
             )
             so
             foule
             a
             note
             as
             the
             brand
             of
             bondage
             ,
             or
             any
             the
             least
             disparagement
             at
             all
             ?
             whereas
             to
             quicken
             ,
             &
             inflame
             affections
             in
             that
             kind
             ,
             all
             wise
             Masters
             in
             the
             most
             noble
             ciuill
             Art
             gouernement
             ,
             and
             all
             founders
             of
             Empire
             ,
             and
             States
             ,
             haue
             bent
             their
             counsels
             ,
             and
             courses
             ,
             to
             cherish
             such
             as
             are
             vertuously
             industrious
             ,
             yea
             ,
             God
             himselfe
             ,
             (
             the
             onely
             best
             patterne
             of
             gouernours
             )
             hath
             made
             it
             knowne
             ,
             that
             euen
             Mechanicall
             qualities
             are
             his
             speciall
             gifts
             ,
             and
             his
             infused
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             charismata
             .
          
           
             3
             For
             Moses
             hauing
             put
             into
             eternall
             monuments
             ,
             that
             Iabel
             was
             
               pater
               pastorum
            
             (
             the
             most
             an-Art
             of
             encrease
             )
             and
             that
             Iubal
             was
             
               pater
               canentium
            
             (
             the
             first
             of
             which
             inuentions
             was
             for
             necessary
             prouisions
             of
             food
             ,
             and
             raiment
             ,
             &
             the
             second
             to
             glorifie
             God
             ,
             and
             honestly
             to
             solace
             men
             ,
             towards
             sweetning
             the
             bitter
             curse
             which
             Adam
             
             drew
             vpon
             humane
             life
             ,
             )
             it
             is
             thirdly
             vnder
             added
             in
             accomplishment
             of
             the
             three
             maine
             heads
             to
             which
             mortalls
             vse
             to
             refer
             all
             their
             worldly
             endeuors
             (
             necessitie
             ,
             profit
             ,
             &
             pleasure
             )
             that
             
               Tubal
               Cain
            
             was
             Malleator
             ,
             and
             
               faber
               ferrarius
            
             ,
             an
             hammer-Smith
             ,
             or
             worker
             in
             yron
             ,
             that
             being
             one
             of
             those
             Arch-mysteries
             ,
             
               sine
               quibus
               non
               aedificatur
               ciuitas
            
             ,
             as
             the
             words
             are
             in
             Ecclesiasticus
             ,
             Nay
             ,
             there
             belonged
             in
             Gods
             owne
             iudgement
             so
             great
             praise
             to
             the
             particular
             excellency
             of
             some
             artificers
             ,
             as
             that
             ,
             in
             the
             building
             of
             Salomons
             Temple
             ,
             they
             are
             registred
             to
             all
             posterities
             in
             Scripture
             ;
             and
             their
             skill
             is
             not
             onely
             made
             immortally
             famous
             ,
             but
             a
             more
             curious
             mention
             is
             put
             downe
             of
             their
             parentage
             ,
             and
             birth
             place
             ,
             then
             of
             many
             great
             Princes
             ,
             as
             in
             Hirams
             case
             ,
             not
             he
             the
             King
             ,
             but
             the
             brasse-founder
             .
             And
             in
             the
             new
             Testament
             ,
             
               S.
               Paul
            
             ,
             (
             being
             a
             Gentlemen
             borne
             of
             a
             noble
             familie
             ,
             as
             the
             Ancients
             write
             )
             had
             the
             manuall
             Art
             of
             Scoenopoea
             ,
             commonly
             englished
             ,
             Tent-making
             :
             vpon
             which
             place
             of
             St.
             Pauls
             trade
             (
             whereof
             in
             his
             Epistles
             he
             doth
             often
             glorie
             )
             it
             is
             declared
             to
             vs
             out
             of
             the
             Rabbins
             ,
             that
             S.
             Paul
             (
             who
             himselfe
             tells
             King
             Agrippa
             that
             he
             had
             liued
             a
             Pharisee
             ;
             according
             to
             the
             most
             certaine
             way
             of
             Iewism
             )
             was
             brought
             vp
             so
             ,
             by
             a
             traditionall
             precept
             ,
             binding
             such
             a
             would
             studie
             
             sacred
             letters
             ,
             to
             learne
             some
             one
             or
             other
             mysterie
             in
             the
             Mechanicks
             .
             And
             at
             this
             present
             among
             other
             things
             which
             the
             Turks
             retaine
             of
             the
             Iewish
             rites
             ,
             this
             seemes
             one
             ,
             when
             euen
             the
             Sultan
             himselfe
             ,
             or
             
               Grand
               Signior
            
             (
             as
             all
             his
             progenitors
             )
             is
             said
             to
             exercise
             a
             manuall
             trade
             ,
             little
             ,
             or
             much
             ,
             commonly
             once
             a
             day
             .
             And
             in
             fresh
             memorie
             Rodulphus
             the
             Emperour
             had
             singular
             skill
             in
             making
             Dials
             ,
             Watches
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             fine
             works
             of
             Smith-craft
             ,
             as
             also
             a
             late
             great
             Baron
             of
             England
             ,
             which
             they
             practised
             .
          
           
             4
             If
             then
             such
             honor
             be
             done
             by
             God
             (
             as
             beforesaid
             )
             not
             onely
             to
             those
             which
             are
             necessarie
             handy-crafts
             ,
             but
             to
             those
             also
             which
             are
             but
             the
             handmaids
             of
             magnificence
             ,
             and
             outward
             splendor
             ,
             as
             engrauers
             ,
             founders
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             ;
             hee
             shall
             be
             very
             hardie
             who
             shall
             embase
             honest
             Industry
             with
             disgracefull
             censures
             ;
             and
             too
             vniust
             ,
             who
             shall
             not
             cherish
             ,
             or
             encourage
             it
             with
             praise
             and
             worship
             ,
             as
             the
             ancient
             excellent
             policie
             of
             England
             did
             ,
             and
             doth
             ,
             in
             constituting
             corporations
             ,
             &
             adorning
             Companies
             with
             banners
             of
             Armes
             and
             speciall
             men
             with
             notes
             of
             Noblesse
             .
          
           
             5
             And
             ,
             as
             of
             all
             commendable
             Arts
             all
             worthy
             Common-weales
             haue
             their
             vse
             ,
             so
             ,
             in
             London
             they
             haue
             as
             it
             were
             their
             palace
             .
             But
             into
             the
             bodie
             
             of
             the
             Citie
             none
             generally
             are
             encorporated
             ,
             but
             such
             onely
             as
             through
             the
             strait
             gates
             of
             Apprentiship
             aspire
             to
             the
             dignitie
             and
             state
             of
             Citizens
             .
             That
             Hebrew
             bondmen
             were
             not
             ,
             in
             MOSES
             law
             ,
             among
             themselues
             ,
             like
             to
             our
             Apprentises
             (
             howsoeuer
             the
             seuenth
             yeare
             agrees
             in
             time
             with
             the
             ordinarie
             time
             of
             our
             Apprentises
             obligation
             )
             is
             euident
             both
             in
             the
             bookes
             of
             Exodus
             ,
             and
             Deuteronomie
             .
             For
             ,
             first
             ,
             their
             title
             to
             their
             bondmen
             grew
             to
             their
             Lords
             by
             a
             contract
             of
             bargaine
             ,
             and
             sale
             ,
             which
             was
             indeed
             a
             kind
             of
             seruitude
             .
             For
             ,
             when
             the
             seuenth
             yeare
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             bondage
             was
             to
             determine
             ,
             and
             expire
             ,
             if
             then
             he
             resolued
             not
             to
             continue
             a
             bondman
             for
             euer
             ,
             he
             was
             compelled
             to
             leaue
             his
             wife
             (
             if
             maried
             in
             his
             Lords
             house
             during
             bōdage
             )
             together
             with
             his
             children
             ,
             borne
             in
             that
             mariage
             behinde
             him
             ,
             though
             himselfe
             departed
             free
             ,
             but
             withall
             rewarded
             also
             .
             So
             that
             voluntarie
             bondage
             is
             not
             onely
             
               de
               iure
               gentium
            
             (
             as
             the
             Romane
             lawes
             import
             ,
             by
             which
             a
             man
             might
             sell
             himselfe
             ,
             
               ad
               participandum
               precium
            
             )
             but
             also
             
               de
               iure
               diuino
               positiuo
            
             .
             By
             which
             notwithstanding
             it
             doth
             not
             appeare
             ,
             that
             such
             a
             bondage
             was
             any
             disparagement
             ,
             or
             disenablement
             in
             Iewish
             blood
             among
             the
             Iewes
             ,
             because
             in
             Exodus
             wee
             read
             of
             a
             
             prouision
             made
             for
             the
             Hebrew
             bond-woman
             ,
             whom
             her
             Lord
             might
             take
             in
             mariage
             to
             himselfe
             ,
             or
             bestow
             her
             vpon
             his
             son
             ,
             if
             he
             so
             thought
             good
             ,
             but
             might
             not
             violate
             her
             chastitie
             ,
             as
             if
             hee
             had
             
               ius
               in
               corpus
            
             .
             But
             the
             condition
             of
             an
             Apprentise
             of
             London
             resembleth
             the
             condition
             of
             no
             persons
             estate
             in
             either
             of
             the
             lawes
             ,
             Diuine
             or
             Imperiall
             ;
             For
             he
             directly
             contracteth
             with
             his
             Master
             to
             learne
             his
             mysterie
             ,
             or
             Art
             of
             honest
             liuing
             ,
             neither
             hath
             his
             Master
             (
             who
             therefore
             is
             but
             a
             Master
             ,
             &
             not
             a
             Lord
             )
             
               Despoticū
               imperium
            
             ouer
             his
             Apprentise
             (
             that
             is
             ,
             such
             a
             power
             as
             a
             Lord
             hath
             ouer
             slaue
             )
             but
             
               quasi
               curaturam
            
             ,
             or
             a
             Guardianship
             ,
             and
             is
             in
             very
             truth
             a
             meere
             Discipliner
             ,
             or
             Teacher
             ,
             with
             authority
             of
             vsing
             moderate
             correction
             as
             a
             Father
             ,
             not
             as
             a
             Tyrant
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             .
             Immoderate
             correction
             whosoeuer
             doth
             vse
             ,
             is
             (
             by
             a
             gracious
             statute
             of
             the
             fifth
             of
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             )
             subiect
             to
             be
             punished
             with
             the
             losse
             of
             the
             Apprentise
             ,
             by
             absolutely
             taking
             him
             away
             .
          
           
             6
             Which
             things
             ,
             so
             often
             as
             I
             deeply
             ponder
             ,
             I
             cannot
             but
             hold
             it
             as
             loose
             ,
             and
             as
             wandring
             a
             conceit
             ,
             and
             as
             vnciuill
             a
             proposition
             in
             ciuill
             matters
             as
             any
             :
             
               That
               Apprentiship
               should
               be
               imagined
               either
               to
               extinguish
               ,
               or
               to
               extenuate
               the
               right
               of
               natiue
               Gentrie
               ,
               or
               to
               disable
               any
               worthy
               ,
               or
               fit
               person
               to
               acquisitiue
               
               Armories
               .
            
             For
             how
             can
             it
             in
             Gods
             name
             worke
             that
             effect
             ,
             vnlesse
             it
             be
             criminall
             to
             be
             an
             Apprentise
             ?
             Because
             no
             man
             loseth
             his
             right
             to
             beare
             Armes
             ,
             or
             to
             write
             Gentleman
             ,
             vnlesse
             hee
             be
             attainted
             in
             Law
             for
             such
             a
             cause
             ,
             the
             conuiction
             whereof
             doth
             immediately
             procure
             corruption
             in
             blood
             ,
             which
             as
             in
             this
             case
             no
             man
             yet
             hath
             dreamed
             of
             .
          
           
             Againe
             ,
             when
             by
             the
             old
             common
             Law
             of
             England
             there
             are
             onely
             two
             sorts
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               villaines
               in
               grosse
            
             ,
             and
             
               villaines
               regardant
               to
               a
               Mannour
            
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             most
             certaine
             ,
             that
             our
             Apprentise
             ,
             or
             Schollar
             in
             Citie-mysteries
             ,
             is
             neither
             one
             nor
             other
             of
             them
             ,
             what
             ignorance
             then
             ,
             or
             offence
             was
             mother
             at
             first
             of
             this
             ,
             not
             paradox
             ,
             but
             palpable
             absurditie
             ,
             that
             
               Apprentiship
               extinguisheth
               Gentry
            
             ,
             or
             that
             Apprentises
             are
             as
             with
             vs
             a
             kind
             of
             bondmen
             ?
          
        
         
           
           
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               this
               third
               part
               .
            
             
               1.
               2.
               
               FOr
               clearer
               vnderstanding
               the
               question
               ,
               the
               seruice
               of
               an
               Apprentise
               described
               .
            
             
               3
               
                 The
                 foure
                 maine
                 points
                 of
                 the
                 Indenture
                 discussed
                 ,
              
               the
               seruice
               ,
               the
               time
               ,
               the
               contract
               ,
               the
               condition
               .
            
             
               4
               The
               case
               of
               Laban
               ,
               and
               Iacob
               weighed
               .
            
             
               5
               Of
               the
               mutuall
               bond
               betweene
               Master
               and
               Apprentise
               .
            
             
               6
               An
               Apprentise
               proued
               to
               be
               in
               no
               respect
               a
               bondman
               .
               Of
               the
               right
               of
               blood
               in
               Gentrie
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               right
               of
               wearing
               gold-rings
               among
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               7
               The
               Masters
               power
               ouer
               the
               Apprentises
               body
               ,
               obiected
               and
               solued
               .
               Aristotles
               errour
               about
               bondmen
               .
               Of
               young
               Gentlemen
               ,
               Wards
               in
               England
               .
               Of
               Vniuersitie
               Students
               ,
               and
               of
               Souldiers
               ,
               in
               respect
               of
               their
               bodies
               .
            
             
               8
               Apprentiship
               a
               degree
               in
               commonweale
               .
            
             
               9
               Of
               the
               tokens
               ,
               or
               ensignes
               of
               that
               degree
               ,
               the
               flat
               round
               cap
               ,
               and
               other
               .
            
             
               10
               Vnwisely
               discontinued
               .
            
             
               11
               Resumption
               of
               Apprentiships
               markes
               ,
               or
               habits
               ,
               rather
               wished
               then
               hoped
               .
            
             
               12
               The
               iniurious
               great
               absurditie
               of
               the
               Aduersaries
               opinion
               ,
               and
               the
               excellency
               of
               London
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             third
             Part.
             
          
           
             1
             THough
             in
             the
             premisses
             wee
             seeme
             to
             our selues
             ,
             to
             haue
             said
             enough
             for
             establishing
             our
             Negation
             in
             this
             importāt
             question
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             
               That
               Apprentiship
               is
               not
               a
               kinde
               of
               bondage
               ,
            
             consequently
             ,
             that
             it
             cannot
             worke
             any
             such
             effects
             as
             is
             before
             supposed
             ,
             yet
             to
             leaue
             no
             tollerable
             curiositie
             vnsatisfied
             ,
             wee
             will
             set
             before
             vs
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             table
             ,
             the
             whole
             condition
             of
             an
             Apprentise
             .
             Meaning
             chiefly
             such
             an
             Apprentise
             as
             being
             the
             son
             of
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             is
             bound
             to
             a
             Master
             ,
             who
             exerciseth
             the
             worthier
             Arts
             of
             Citizens
             ,
             as
             Merchants
             by
             sea
             ,
             Assurers
             ,
             Whole-sale-men
             ,
             &
             some
             such
             few
             others
             which
             may
             more
             specially
             stand
             in
             the
             first
             classe
             of
             the
             most
             generous
             mysteries
             ,
             as
             those
             in
             which
             the
             wit
             or
             minde
             hath
             a
             farre
             greater
             part
             then
             bodily
             labour
             .
          
           
             2
             Such
             an
             Apprentise
             therefore
             when
             first
             he
             comes
             to
             his
             Master
             is
             commonly
             but
             of
             those
             yeares
             which
             are
             euery
             where
             subiect
             to
             correction
             .
             His
             ordinarie
             seruices
             these
             .
             Hee
             goes
             bare-headed
             ,
             stands
             bare-headed
             ,
             waytes
             bare-headed
             ,
             
             before
             his
             Master
             and
             Mistresse
             ,
             and
             ,
             while
             as
             yet
             he
             is
             the
             yongest
             Apprentise
             ,
             hee
             doth
             perhaps
             (
             for
             discipline
             sake
             )
             make
             old
             leather
             ouer-night
             shine
             with
             blacking
             for
             the
             morning
             ,
             brusheth
             a
             garment
             ,
             runs
             of
             errands
             ,
             keeps
             silence
             till
             he
             haue
             leaue
             to
             speake
             ,
             followes
             his
             Master
             ,
             or
             vshereth
             his
             Mistresse
             ,
             and
             sometime
             my
             young
             Mistresses
             their
             daughters
             (
             among
             whom
             some
             one
             ,
             or
             other
             of
             them
             doth
             not
             rarely
             proue
             the
             Apprentises
             wife
             )
             walkes
             not
             farre
             out
             but
             with
             permission
             ,
             and
             now
             ,
             and
             then
             (
             as
             offences
             happen
             )
             he
             may
             chance
             to
             be
             terribly
             chidden
             ,
             or
             menaced
             ,
             or
             (
             which
             sometime
             must
             be
             )
             worthily
             corrected
             ;
             though
             all
             this
             but
             onely
             
               in
               ordine
            
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             way
             to
             Mastership
             ,
             or
             to
             the
             estate
             of
             a
             Citizen
             ,
             which
             last
             worst
             part
             of
             this
             Apprentises
             condition
             continues
             peraduenture
             for
             a
             yeare
             ,
             or
             two
             ,
             and
             while
             hee
             is
             commonly
             but
             at
             the
             age
             of
             a
             boy
             ,
             or
             at
             the
             most
             but
             of
             a
             lad
             ,
             or
             stripling
             .
             And
             ,
             take
             things
             at
             the
             very
             worst
             ,
             hee
             doth
             nothing
             as
             an
             Apprentise
             vnder
             his
             Master
             ,
             which
             ,
             when
             himselfe
             comes
             to
             be
             a
             Master
             his
             Apprentises
             shal
             not
             doe
             ,
             or
             suffer
             vnder
             him
             .
             Such
             or
             the
             like
             is
             the
             bitterest
             part
             of
             an
             Apprentises
             happy
             estate
             in
             this
             world
             ,
             being
             honestly
             prouided
             ,
             at
             his
             Masters
             charge
             of
             all
             things
             necessarie
             ,
             and
             decent
             .
             The
             
             Master
             in
             the
             meane-while
             seruing
             his
             Apprentises
             turne
             with
             instruction
             ,
             and
             vniuersall
             conformation
             ,
             or
             moulding
             of
             him
             to
             his
             Art
             ,
             as
             the
             Apprentise
             serues
             his
             Masters
             turne
             with
             obedience
             ,
             faith
             ,
             and
             industrie
             .
          
           
             3
             Here
             haue
             we
             a
             representation
             of
             an
             Apprentises
             being
             ,
             or
             rather
             the
             well-being
             of
             a
             child
             vnder
             his
             father
             ,
             who
             hath
             right
             of
             correction
             .
             Vpon
             view
             whereof
             we
             demand
             ,
             why
             it
             should
             be
             supposed
             
               That
               Apprentiship
               extinguisheth
               Gentry
            
             ?
             For
             if
             an
             Apprentise
             in
             London
             (
             since
             to
             haue
             Apprentises
             is
             a
             power
             not
             deriued
             to
             corporations
             out
             of
             prerogatiue
             ,
             and
             royall
             priuiledge
             ,
             but
             out
             of
             common
             Law
             )
             bee
             in
             their
             conceipts
             a
             kinde
             of
             bondman
             ,
             it
             must
             either
             be
             ,
             
               ratione
               generis
               obsequij
            
             ,
             or
             
               ratione
               temporis
               adiecti
            
             ,
             or
             contractus
             ,
             or
             conditionis
             ,
             or
             for
             all
             together
             ;
             a
             fifth
             cause
             being
             hard
             to
             be
             either
             assigned
             ,
             or
             imagined
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             first
             point
             (
             which
             is
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             kind
             of
             seruice
             )
             that
             is
             but
             an
             effect
             of
             the
             contract
             ,
             or
             bargaine
             ,
             and
             consequently
             depends
             thereon
             ,
             or
             participates
             in
             nature
             with
             it
             ;
             which
             not
             importing
             any
             kind
             of
             bondage
             ,
             neither
             can
             the
             seruice
             it selfe
             ,
             due
             by
             that
             agreement
             ,
             bee
             the
             seruice
             of
             a
             bondman
             .
             So
             that
             as
             on
             the
             one
             side
             wee
             grant
             ,
             that
             Apprentises
             ,
             as
             Apprentises
             ,
             doe
             some
             things
             ,
             
             which
             Gentlemen
             would
             not
             doe
             ,
             that
             liued
             
               sui
               iuris
            
             ,
             specially
             vpon
             a
             necessity
             to
             obey
             ,
             yet
             on
             the
             other
             side
             we
             constantly
             deny
             ,
             that
             they
             doe
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             either
             as
             seruile
             ,
             or
             as
             seruilely
             ,
             but
             
               propter
               finem
               nobilem
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             learne
             an
             honest
             mysterie
             to
             enable
             them
             for
             the
             seruice
             of
             God
             and
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             in
             the
             station
             ,
             place
             ,
             or
             calling
             of
             a
             Citizen
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             second
             (
             which
             is
             in
             respect
             of
             a
             certaine
             time
             (
             as
             of
             seuen
             yeeres
             at
             least
             )
             added
             and
             limited
             in
             the
             contract
             ,
             that
             is
             meerely
             but
             a
             circumstance
             of
             the
             agreement
             ,
             and
             
               per
               consequens
            
             cannot
             alter
             the
             substance
             of
             the
             question
             .
             For
             if
             Apprentises
             are
             not
             a
             kind
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             abstracting
             from
             the
             time
             which
             they
             are
             bound
             to
             serue
             ,
             the
             addition
             of
             time
             ,
             addeth
             nothing
             to
             the
             quality
             of
             the
             contract
             ,
             to
             make
             it
             seruile
             .
          
           
             For
             the
             third
             (
             which
             is
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             contract
             ,
             as
             it
             raiseth
             a
             relation
             ,
             or
             the
             titles
             betweene
             two
             ,
             of
             Master
             ,
             and
             seruant
             )
             if
             the
             very
             act
             of
             binding
             to
             performance
             ,
             be
             a
             sufficient
             reason
             to
             make
             Apprentises
             a
             kinde
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             disenable
             them
             to
             Gentry
             ,
             either
             deriuatiue
             ,
             or
             acquisitiue
             ,
             the
             Masters
             themselues
             are
             also
             a
             kinde
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             because
             ,
             
               suo
               genere
            
             they
             aswell
             are
             bound
             as
             the
             Apprentises
             .
          
           
           
             For
             the
             fourth
             (
             which
             is
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             condition
             either
             vocally
             exprest
             ,
             or
             vertually
             implide
             in
             the
             contract
             )
             there
             is
             in
             it
             no
             proofe
             of
             bondage
             ,
             but
             the
             contrarie
             .
             For
             in
             that
             the
             obligation
             is
             mutuall
             ,
             it
             proues
             the
             Apprentise
             free
             as
             from
             bondage
             ,
             though
             (
             for
             the
             Apprentises
             owne
             good
             )
             not
             free
             from
             subiection
             to
             discipline
             .
             Because
             onely
             free
             men
             can
             make
             contracts
             ,
             and
             challenge
             the
             benefit
             of
             them
             .
             The
             verbe
             ,
             not
             ,
             seruire
             ,
             but
             the
             verbe
             ,
             deseruire
             (
             which
             is
             of
             farre
             lesse
             weight
             )
             comprised
             in
             the
             instrument
             ,
             or
             Indenture
             ,
             and
             containing
             the
             whole
             force
             of
             the
             obligation
             ,
             hath
             onely
             in
             that
             place
             the
             sense
             of
             
               obsequi
               ,
               &
               facere
            
             ,
             to
             obey
             ,
             and
             doe
             as
             an
             Apprentise
             ,
             and
             not
             according
             to
             the
             ancient
             sense
             ,
             which
             it
             had
             among
             the
             Romanes
             .
             This
             ought
             not
             to
             seeme
             a
             paradox
             .
             For
             the
             word
             dominari
             ,
             to
             which
             seruire
             is
             a
             relatiue
             ,
             and
             the
             word
             dominus
             ,
             haue
             in
             tract
             of
             time
             beene
             so
             softened
             ,
             and
             familiarised
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             growne
             to
             be
             words
             of
             singular
             humanity
             .
             And
             what
             so
             common
             among
             the
             noble
             as
             to
             professe
             to
             serue
             ?
             But
             the
             relation
             constituted
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             is
             peculiar
             ,
             and
             proper
             ,
             the
             odious
             word
             dominus
             is
             not
             there
             at
             all
             ,
             nor
             seruus
             ,
             no
             nor
             famulus
             ;
             the
             relation
             constituted
             is
             directly
             named
             betweene
             Master
             ,
             and
             Apprentise
             :
             a
             cleare
             case
             that
             
             all
             iniuries
             to
             blood
             ,
             and
             nature
             ,
             are
             of
             purpose
             auoided
             in
             those
             conuentions
             ;
             and
             conuentiones
             they
             are
             called
             in
             the
             interchangeably
             sealed
             instrument
             it selfe
             .
             So
             cleare
             a
             case
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             Oath
             which
             all
             freemen
             make
             in
             the
             Chamber
             of
             London
             at
             their
             first
             admission
             ,
             this
             clause
             among
             many
             others
             ,
             is
             sworne
             vnto
             by
             them
             ,
             That
             they
             shall
             take
             None
             Apprentise
             ,
             but
             if
             he
             be
             
               Free
               borne
            
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             no
             Bondmans
             sonne
             :
             which
             are
             the
             very
             words
             of
             the
             oath
             .
             Thus
             carefully
             open
             was
             the
             eye
             of
             institution
             in
             this
             noble
             point
             of
             the
             Cities
             policy
             ,
             to
             preuent
             that
             no
             staine
             ,
             no
             blemish
             ,
             nor
             indignitie
             should
             wrong
             the
             splendor
             thereof
             .
             A
             thing
             which
             could
             not
             but
             follow
             ineuitably
             ,
             if
             they
             who
             prouided
             against
             admission
             of
             bondmens
             issue
             ,
             into
             the
             estate
             of
             apprentiship
             ,
             should
             themselues
             by
             making
             apprentises
             ,
             make
             bondmen
             ;
             or
             should
             in
             any
             sort
             embase
             their
             blood
             ,
             whose
             Masters
             they
             were
             to
             be
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             purpose
             of
             comming
             to
             bee
             Citizens
             in
             time
             .
             They
             neuer
             meant
             to
             make
             any
             man
             bond
             ,
             who
             would
             haue
             none
             but
             the
             sonnes
             of
             free-borne
             persons
             bound
             apprentises
             .
             It
             shall
             be
             wilfull
             ignorance
             or
             malice
             from
             hence
             forth
             to
             maintaine
             the
             contrary
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             A
             most
             memorable
             exāple
             in
             Scripture
             to
             the
             purpose
             of
             the
             present
             question
             is
             that
             of
             Iacob
             and
             
             Laban
             in
             the
             nine
             and
             twentieth
             Chapter
             of
             Genesis
             ,
             where
             the
             time
             
               (
               seuen
               yeares
            
             )
             yea
             ,
             &
             the
             very
             word
             
               (
               seruire
            
             )
             are
             plaine
             in
             that
             contract
             which
             was
             made
             betweene
             the
             vncle
             ,
             and
             the
             nephew
             :
             yet
             who
             did
             euer
             say
             that
             Iacob
             was
             for
             this
             a
             kind
             of
             bondman
             ?
             The
             reason
             why
             he
             was
             not
             ,
             riseth
             from
             consideration
             of
             the
             finall
             cause
             ,
             or
             intention
             of
             the
             contract
             ,
             which
             is
             recorded
             to
             haue
             beene
             honorable
             ;
             the
             obtaining
             of
             a
             worthy
             wife
             ,
             and
             of
             an
             estate
             to
             maintaine
             her
             with
             .
             Neither
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             no
             longer
             defrauded
             of
             Rahel
             then
             seuen
             daies
             after
             his
             first
             seuen
             yeares
             ,
             and
             when
             in
             the
             fruition
             of
             Rahel
             he
             serued
             also
             other
             seuen
             yeares
             ,
             was
             he
             a
             kind
             of
             bondman
             ,
             by
             as
             it
             were
             a
             relapse
             ,
             or
             as
             by
             a
             cessation
             of
             expecting
             his
             reward
             ,
             which
             he
             enioyed
             in
             enioying
             her
             .
             Out
             of
             which
             it
             followeth
             ,
             that
             as
             Iacob
             was
             no
             kind
             of
             bondman
             though
             he
             serued
             ,
             and
             serued
             out
             all
             his
             time
             twice
             ouer
             ,
             so
             neither
             are
             Apprentises
             .
             And
             from
             this
             place
             of
             the
             Bible
             it
             is
             vnanswerablie
             proued
             that
             bodily
             seruice
             ,
             is
             a
             laudable
             meanes
             to
             atchieue
             any
             good
             ,
             or
             honorable
             purpose
             ;
             a
             meanes
             truly
             worthy
             of
             a
             Gentleman
             .
          
           
             5
             Hereunto
             we
             finally
             adde
             ,
             and
             repeat
             ,
             that
             as
             an
             Apprentise
             tyes
             himselfe
             to
             his
             Master
             in
             the
             word
             deseruire
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             
               to
               obey
            
             ,
             and
             doe
             ,
             restrictiuely
             
             to
             the
             ancient
             reason
             ,
             and
             traditionall
             discipline
             of
             Apprentiship
             in
             London
             ,
             so
             the
             Master
             tyes
             himselfe
             to
             his
             Apprentise
             in
             the
             word
             docere
             ,
             in
             lieu
             of
             his
             honest
             seruice
             ,
             to
             teach
             him
             his
             Art
             to
             the
             vtmost
             .
             Which
             Masters
             part
             is
             growne
             to
             such
             estimation
             as
             that
             Apprentises
             now
             come
             commonly
             like
             wines
             with
             portions
             to
             their
             Masters
             .
             If
             then
             Apprentiship
             be
             a
             kinde
             of
             seruitude
             ,
             it
             is
             either
             a
             pleasing
             bondage
             ,
             or
             a
             strange
             madnesse
             to
             purchase
             it
             with
             money
             .
          
           
             6
             An
             Apprentise
             therefore
             ,
             as
             an
             Apprentise
             ,
             being
             neither
             
               ratione
               obsequij
               ,
               temporis
               ,
               contractus
               ,
            
             nor
             conditionis
             in
             any
             kinde
             a
             bondman
             ,
             is
             in
             no
             respect
             a
             bondman
             :
             and
             hath
             therefore
             no
             more
             lost
             his
             title
             ,
             and
             right
             to
             Gentrie
             ,
             then
             hee
             hath
             done
             to
             any
             goods
             ,
             chattels
             ,
             lands
             ,
             royalties
             ,
             or
             any
             thing
             else
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             hee
             had
             neuer
             beene
             an
             Apprentise
             ,
             either
             had
             ,
             might
             ,
             or
             ought
             to
             haue
             come
             vnto
             him
             .
             Nay
             ,
             much
             lesse
             can
             Gentry
             bee
             lost
             in
             this
             case
             ,
             then
             right
             to
             lands
             ,
             and
             goods
             ,
             how
             much
             more
             inherent
             the
             rights
             of
             blood
             are
             then
             the
             rights
             of
             fortune
             .
             For
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             law-rule
             ,
             
               iura
               sanguinum
               nullo
               iure
               ciuili
               dirimi
               possunt
            
             ;
             whereas
             those
             other
             may
             be
             dissolued
             .
             And
             ,
             that
             Gentry
             is
             a
             right
             of
             blood
             may
             appeare
             by
             this
             ,
             that
             no
             man
             can
             truely
             alienate
             the
             same
             ,
             or
             
             vest
             another
             in
             it
             ,
             though
             legally
             he
             may
             ,
             in
             case
             of
             Adoption
             ,
             which
             is
             but
             an
             humane
             inuention
             in
             imitation
             of
             nature
             ,
             and
             therefore
             ,
             
               in
               rei
               veritate
            
             ,
             no
             alienation
             at
             all
             ,
             but
             a
             fiction
             ,
             or
             an
             acception
             in
             law
             as
             if
             it
             were
             such
             .
             So
             that
             none
             can
             any
             more
             passe
             away
             his
             gentrie
             ,
             to
             make
             another
             a
             Gentleman
             thereby
             ,
             who
             was
             not
             a
             Gentleman
             before
             ,
             then
             he
             can
             passe
             away
             any
             habit
             ,
             or
             quality
             of
             the
             minde
             ,
             as
             vertue
             ,
             or
             learning
             ,
             to
             make
             another
             honest
             ,
             or
             learned
             ,
             who
             was
             vnlearned
             ,
             or
             dishonest
             before
             .
             For
             Gentry
             is
             a
             quality
             of
             blood
             ,
             or
             name
             ,
             as
             vertue
             ,
             and
             learning
             are
             of
             the
             minde
             .
             Vpon
             which
             reason
             that
             rule
             of
             law
             is
             grounded
             ,
             which
             teacheth
             vs
             ,
             that
             
               annulus
               signatorius
               ornamenti
               appellatione
               non
               continetur
               .
            
          
           
             7
             To
             all
             this
             if
             it
             bee
             replied
             :
             That
             Apprentiship
             is
             a
             kind
             of
             bondage
             ,
             for
             that
             if
             an
             Apprentise
             abandon
             his
             Masters
             seruice
             ;
             his
             Master
             may
             both
             fetch
             him
             backe
             ,
             as
             Lord
             for
             the
             time
             ouer
             his
             seruants
             body
             ,
             and
             compell
             him
             also
             to
             liue
             vnder
             obedience
             .
             We
             answer
             thus
             .
             That
             such
             a
             power
             ouer
             the
             bodie
             of
             an
             Apprentise
             is
             not
             sufficient
             to
             constitute
             a
             bondman
             ,
             though
             the
             seruice
             of
             the
             Apprentise
             belongs
             to
             the
             Master
             ,
             Gods
             partin
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Commonweales
             being
             first
             deducted
             .
          
           
           
             Aristotle
             held
             ,
             that
             onely
             the
             Grecians
             were
             free
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             barbarous
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             all
             not
             Grecians
             ,
             were
             bond
             .
             Some
             among
             vs
             seeme
             Aristototelians
             in
             this
             point
             ,
             who
             as
             he
             gloriously
             ouer-valued
             his
             Country-men
             ,
             so
             these
             ouer-value
             their
             paragon-Gentry
             ,
             and
             repute
             none
             worthie
             of
             Armes
             ,
             and
             Honor
             but
             themselues
             ,
             we
             supposing
             on
             their
             behalfe
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             indeed
             not
             vaine-pretenders
             onely
             ,
             but
             true
             descendents
             from
             the
             most
             vnquestionable
             noble
             races
             ,
             howsoeuer
             troubled
             perhaps
             with
             some
             little
             of
             the
             spirit
             of
             vanitie
             ,
             and
             of
             too
             too
             much
             scorne
             of
             others
             .
             But
             as
             the
             Italians
             in
             our
             time
             ,
             notwithstanding
             they
             thinke
             meanely
             of
             all
             who
             are
             not
             Italians
             ,
             calling
             them
             (
             in
             Aristotles
             humor
             )
             Tramontani
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             word
             implying
             them
             to
             be
             barbarous
             ,
             doe
             commit
             an
             error
             ,
             aswell
             as
             that
             great
             Philosopher
             ,
             so
             those
             Gentlemen
             (
             how
             eminently
             noble
             soeuer
             )
             will
             be
             likewise
             found
             to
             liue
             in
             errour
             ,
             for
             that
             others
             also
             may
             bee
             truely
             Gentlemen
             ,
             for
             any
             thing
             which
             as
             yet
             is
             spoken
             in
             the
             former
             Sophisme
             :
             
               videlicet
               ;
               The
               Master
               hath
               power
               ouer
               his
               Apprentises
               bodie
               :
            
             Ergo
             ,
             
               Apprentises
               are
               a
               kinde
               of
               bondmen
               .
            
             Because
             if
             such
             a
             power
             bee
             enough
             to
             constitute
             a
             bondman
             ,
             wee
             will
             say
             nothing
             of
             those
             free-borne
             persons
             being
             in
             minoritie
             ,
             
             whose
             bodies
             their
             Guardians
             ,
             may
             not
             onely
             by
             a
             right
             in
             law
             ,
             fetch
             backe
             after
             escape
             ,
             or
             flight
             ,
             but
             giue
             away
             also
             in
             mariage
             .
             Nay
             ,
             if
             for
             that
             reason
             Apprentises
             ,
             borne
             Gentlemen
             ,
             shall
             bee
             thought
             to
             haue
             forfeited
             their
             Gentry
             ,
             in
             what
             estate
             are
             all
             the
             sonnes
             ,
             and
             children
             of
             good
             houses
             in
             England
             ,
             whose
             bodies
             their
             parents
             by
             a
             right
             of
             nature
             ,
             may
             fetch
             back
             after
             flight
             ,
             &
             exercise
             their
             pleasure
             ,
             or
             displeasure
             vpon
             thē
             ,
             euen
             to
             disinherison
             ?
             Nay
             ,
             in
             what
             case
             are
             souldiers
             (
             to
             whom
             most
             properly
             ,
             and
             most
             immediately
             the
             Honor
             of
             Armes
             doth
             belong
             )
             who
             for
             withdrawing
             themselues
             from
             their
             banner
             ,
             or
             Captaine
             without
             leaue
             ,
             may
             not
             only
             be
             forced
             backe
             to
             serue
             ,
             but
             (
             according
             to
             the
             vsuall
             discipline
             of
             warre
             )
             may
             be
             martiall
             Law
             bee
             hanged
             vp
             ,
             or
             shot
             at
             the
             next
             tree
             ,
             or
             wheresoeuer
             ,
             depriued
             of
             breath
             at
             once
             ,
             and
             of
             braue
             reputation
             together
             ?
             So
             absurd
             it
             is
             to
             dispute
             ,
             that
             the
             power
             of
             a
             Master
             ,
             by
             the
             title
             of
             a
             contract
             ouer
             the
             body
             of
             an
             Apprentise
             ,
             in
             case
             of
             discipline
             ,
             doth
             conuince
             a
             seruilitie
             of
             condition
             in
             the
             sufferer
             .
             For
             if
             the
             right
             to
             exercise
             corporall
             coerction
             should
             absolutely
             constitute
             a
             state
             of
             bondage
             in
             the
             subiect
             ,
             the
             iniurie
             of
             that
             vntrue
             assertion
             would
             reach
             to
             persons
             of
             farre
             higher
             marke
             
             then
             City-prentises
             ,
             as
             is
             most
             plainely
             proued
             .
             And
             therefore
             they
             must
             alledge
             somewhat
             else
             besides
             subiection
             of
             bodie
             to
             draw
             the
             estate
             of
             Apprentiship
             into
             that
             degree
             of
             reproach
             ,
             which
             as
             they
             cannot
             doe
             ,
             wee
             hauing
             preuented
             those
             obiections
             ,
             so
             must
             they
             leaue
             it
             cleare
             from
             taint
             ,
             or
             scandall
             .
          
           
             8
             We
             lay
             it
             downe
             therefore
             out
             of
             all
             the
             antecedences
             for
             a
             cleare
             conclusion
             :
             That
             Apprentises
             are
             so
             farre
             from
             being
             a
             kinde
             of
             bondmen
             ,
             as
             that
             in
             our
             Common-weale
             they
             then
             first
             begin
             
               habere
               caput
            
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             aliqui
             :
             to
             bee
             of
             account
             ,
             and
             some
             bodie
             .
             For
             Apprentiship
             in
             London
             is
             a
             degree
             ,
             or
             order
             of
             good
             regular
             subiects
             ,
             out
             of
             whose
             as
             it
             were
             Nouiceships
             ,
             or
             Colledges
             ,
             Citizens
             are
             supplied
             .
             Wee
             call
             them
             Colledges
             according
             to
             the
             old
             Romane
             Law-phrase
             ,
             or
             fellowships
             of
             men
             ,
             for
             so
             indeed
             they
             are
             ,
             comprehended
             within
             seuerall
             corporations
             ,
             or
             bodies
             of
             free
             persons
             ,
             intended
             to
             bee
             consociated
             for
             commerce
             ,
             according
             to
             conscience
             ,
             and
             iustice
             ,
             and
             named
             Companies
             ,
             each
             of
             them
             seuerally
             bearing
             the
             title
             of
             their
             seuerall
             worthy
             Monopolies
             ,
             as
             Drapers
             ,
             Salters
             ,
             Clothworkers
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             .
             Wee
             say
             as
             before
             ,
             that
             Apprentises
             in
             the
             reputation
             of
             our
             Commonweale
             ,
             when
             
             first
             they
             come
             to
             bee
             Apprentises
             then
             first
             begin
             to
             be
             some
             bodie
             ,
             and
             that
             Apprentiship
             is
             a
             degree
             ,
             to
             which
             out
             of
             youth
             ,
             and
             yong
             men
             ,
             who
             haue
             no
             vocation
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             they
             are
             aduanced
             and
             that
             out
             of
             Apprentises
             ,
             by
             other
             ascents
             or
             steps
             ,
             as
             
               donari
               ciuitate
            
             ,
             to
             come
             to
             bee
             free
             of
             London
             ,
             or
             Citizens
             ,
             from
             thence
             to
             be
             of
             their
             companies
             Liuerie
             ,
             the
             gouernours
             of
             Companies
             ,
             as
             Wardens
             ,
             and
             Masters
             ,
             and
             gouernors
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             as
             Common-counsel-men
             ,
             Aldermens-deputies
             ,
             Sheriffes
             ,
             and
             Aldermen
             ;
             and
             lastly
             the
             principall
             gouernour
             ,
             or
             head
             of
             the
             Citie
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Maior
             ;
             yea
             sometimes
             also
             Counsellors
             of
             Estate
             to
             the
             Prince
             (
             whereof
             Master
             Stowe
             hath
             examples
             )
             are
             very
             orderly
             elected
             ;
             and
             the
             whole
             policie
             disposed
             after
             as
             excellent
             a
             forme
             as
             most
             at
             this
             day
             vnder
             heauen
             .
          
           
             9
             True
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             Apprentiship
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             a
             degree
             ,
             so
             is
             it
             the
             lowest
             degree
             ,
             or
             classe
             of
             men
             in
             London
             .
             Lowest
             wee
             say
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             come
             to
             the
             highest
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             of
             S.
             Augustine
             ,
             and
             of
             common
             sense
             ,
             that
             those
             buildings
             rise
             highest
             ,
             and
             stand
             fasteth
             ,
             whose
             foundations
             are
             deepest
             .
             And
             as
             Apprentipish
             is
             the
             first
             in
             order
             ,
             &
             meanest
             in
             dignity
             ,
             so
             can
             that
             be
             no
             title
             to
             embase
             the
             vocation
             ,
             because
             there
             must
             be
             a
             first
             in
             all
             things
             .
             
             Of
             this
             degree
             the
             flat
             round
             Cap
             ,
             haire
             close-cut
             ,
             narrow
             falling-band
             ,
             course
             side-coat
             ,
             close-hose
             ,
             cloath
             stockings
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             that
             seuere
             habite
             was
             in
             antiquitie
             ,
             not
             more
             for
             thrift
             ,
             and
             vsefulnesse
             ,
             then
             for
             distinction
             ,
             and
             grace
             ,
             and
             were
             originally
             arguments
             ,
             or
             tokens
             of
             vocation
             ,
             or
             calling
             ,
             which
             point
             of
             ancient
             discipline
             the
             Catoes
             of
             England
             ,
             graue
             common
             Lawyers
             ,
             to
             their
             high
             commendation
             therein
             ,
             retaine
             in
             their
             profession
             ,
             and
             professors
             at
             this
             present
             ,
             euen
             to
             the
             partie-coulored
             coates
             of
             seruing
             men
             at
             Serieants
             Feasts
             .
             An
             obiect
             ,
             far
             more
             ridiculous
             among
             the
             new-shapes
             of
             our
             time
             (
             enemie
             of
             rigour
             ,
             and
             discipline
             )
             then
             that
             of
             Apprentises
             .
             At
             which
             retained
             signes
             ,
             and
             distinctiue
             notes
             among
             Lawyers
             ,
             though
             younglings
             ,
             and
             friuolous
             nouices
             ,
             may
             somewhat
             wonder
             ,
             till
             the
             cause
             be
             vnderstood
             ,
             yet
             is
             the
             thing
             it selfe
             so
             farre
             in
             it selfe
             from
             deseruing
             contempt
             ,
             as
             that
             they
             who
             should
             offer
             it
             ,
             would
             themselues
             bee
             laughed
             at
             .
             For
             the
             late
             Lord
             Coke
             ,
             in
             the
             preface
             of
             his
             third
             booke
             of
             Reports
             ,
             hath
             affirmed
             for
             the
             dignitie
             of
             the
             word
             Apprentise
             ,
             that
             an
             Apprentise
             at
             Law
             is
             a
             double
             reader
             ,
             whose
             degree
             is
             next
             to
             that
             of
             a
             Serieant
             at
             Law
             ,
             who
             is
             only
             inferiour
             to
             a
             Iudge
             ,
             and
             to
             no
             other
             degree
             of
             Lawyers
             .
          
           
           
             10
             Here
             now
             let
             me
             be
             bold
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             Apprentises
             seeme
             to
             haue
             drunke
             and
             sacrificed
             too
             deepely
             to
             their
             new
             Goddesse
             ,
             Saint
             
               Fashion
               ▪
            
             An
             Idoll
             which
             was
             alwayes
             noted
             fatall
             to
             the
             English
             .
             As
             at
             the
             periods
             ,
             or
             vniuersall
             concussions
             of
             Empire
             in
             our
             portion
             of
             great
             Britaine
             ,
             may
             in
             old
             Writers
             bee
             obserued
             .
             This
             they
             doe
             not
             without
             wrong
             in
             our
             opinions
             to
             the
             honestie
             of
             their
             degree
             ,
             at
             leastwise
             in
             so
             farre
             abandoning
             their
             proper
             ornament
             ,
             the
             Cap
             (
             anciently
             a
             note
             of
             libertie
             among
             the
             Romans
             )
             as
             not
             to
             haue
             one
             day
             at
             least
             in
             the
             yeare
             ,
             wherein
             to
             celebrate
             the
             feast
             of
             their
             Apprentiship
             in
             the
             peculiar
             garbe
             thereof
             ,
             which
             they
             should
             doe
             well
             and
             wisely
             to
             frequent
             for
             downe-bearing
             of
             contumelie
             ,
             and
             scorne
             ,
             by
             making
             profession
             in
             this
             wise
             ,
             that
             they
             glorie
             in
             the
             ensignes
             of
             their
             honest
             calling
             .
          
           
             11
             For
             reuocation
             of
             which
             into
             vse
             though
             wee
             see
             no
             manner
             of
             hope
             ,
             yet
             are
             those
             late
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Citie
             who
             laboured
             to
             reduce
             Apprentiship
             to
             practise
             this
             laudable
             point
             of
             outward
             conformitie
             ,
             not
             the
             lesse
             to
             bee
             commended
             :
             and
             it
             were
             to
             be
             wished
             perhaps
             ,
             that
             instead
             of
             scattering
             Libels
             ,
             and
             of
             discouering
             inclinations
             to
             tumult
             ,
             Apprentises
             had
             rather
             submitted
             
             their
             vnderstandings
             ,
             and
             resigned
             their
             wills
             in
             this
             particular
             to
             their
             louing
             superiours
             ,
             making
             humble
             ,
             and
             wise
             obedience
             the
             glorie
             of
             their
             persons
             ,
             much
             rather
             then
             apparell
             in
             the
             fashion
             .
             For
             they
             who
             are
             not
             ashamed
             of
             their
             profession
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             ashamed
             of
             the
             ensignes
             ,
             and
             tokens
             of
             their
             profession
             ,
             or
             degree
             .
             They
             indeed
             are
             out
             of
             fashion
             who
             are
             not
             in
             that
             fashion
             which
             is
             proper
             to
             their
             qualitie
             .
             The
             flat
             round
             Cap
             ,
             in
             it selfe
             considered
             as
             a
             Geometricall
             figure
             ,
             is
             far
             more
             worthy
             than
             the
             square
             ,
             according
             to
             that
             ground
             in
             the
             
               Mathematicks
               ,
               figurarum
               spaerica
               est
               optima
               ,
            
             and
             in
             Hieroglyphickes
             ,
             is
             a
             symbol
             of
             eternity
             ,
             and
             perfection
             ,
             &
             a
             resemblance
             of
             the
             worlds
             rotunditie
             .
             But
             I
             will
             make
             no
             encomium
             for
             caps
             .
             This
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             square
             capp
             is
             retained
             not
             onely
             in
             the
             Vniuersities
             ,
             but
             also
             abroad
             among
             vs
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             Ecclesiasticall
             persons
             in
             high
             places
             ,
             as
             by
             Iudges
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             so
             the
             round
             capp
             being
             but
             a
             note
             in
             London
             ,
             of
             Apprentises
             ,
             and
             Citizens
             of
             London
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             of
             
               Students
               ,
               Barresters
               ,
               Benchers
            
             ,
             and
             Readers
             ,
             in
             the
             Innes
             of
             Court
             ,
             so
             the
             wearing
             thereof
             by
             Londoners
             cannot
             be
             a
             reproach
             ,
             but
             an
             ornament
             .
             But
             
               communis
               error
               facit
               ius
            
             ,
             and
             how
             freely
             soeuer
             these
             thoughts
             come
             from
             me
             out
             of
             abundant
             
             loue
             to
             the
             preseruation
             of
             vertue
             in
             that
             most
             honorable
             City
             ,
             which
             ciuill
             discipline
             is
             ablest
             to
             doe
             ,
             yet
             as
             much
             pietie
             as
             it
             is
             to
             wish
             the
             best
             ,
             so
             great
             is
             the
             vanity
             to
             thinke
             to
             stoppe
             the
             generall
             streame
             of
             predominant
             custome
             by
             priuate
             wishes
             .
             Apprentises
             moreouer
             ,
             and
             Citizens
             ,
             because
             they
             are
             alwaies
             conuersant
             in
             the
             light
             of
             action
             ,
             and
             concourse
             ,
             and
             not
             shut
             vp
             in
             Colledges
             for
             studies
             sake
             ,
             may
             thinke
             by
             this
             contrary
             way
             the
             more
             to
             honor
             their
             Citie
             ,
             and
             to
             enioy
             thēselues
             .
          
           
             12
             Well
             may
             they
             in
             the
             meane
             time
             blush
             at
             their
             temeritie
             ,
             who
             by
             teaching
             that
             Apprentises
             are
             called
             Apprentises
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             
               pares
               emptitijs
            
             ,
             doe
             dishonour
             and
             highly
             wrong
             the
             excellent
             old
             policie
             of
             this
             land
             .
             For
             they
             (
             as
             much
             as
             lyeth
             in
             the
             credit
             of
             their
             words
             )
             most
             dangerously
             discourage
             flourishing
             Industrie
             ,
             who
             cast
             such
             an
             aspersion
             vpon
             any
             ciuill
             profession
             ,
             and
             order
             of
             men
             (
             assembled
             to
             vphold
             a
             kingdome
             by
             cōmerce
             ,
             according
             to
             Iustice
             )
             as
             the
             least
             conceipt
             of
             so
             hatefull
             a
             note
             as
             bondage
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             temeritie
             to
             cast
             it
             vpon
             any
             renowned
             ,
             or
             other
             corporation
             vniustly
             ,
             it
             is
             singular
             iniquitie
             (
             let
             it
             not
             be
             called
             madnesse
             )
             to
             lay
             it
             vpon
             London
             ,
             which
             shines
             among
             all
             Cities
             within
             the
             Empire
             of
             Britain
             .
             
               
                 —
                 velut
                 inter
                 ignes
                 ;
              
               
                 Luna
                 minores
                 —
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             
               The
               Contents
               of
               this
               fourth
               part
               .
            
             
               1
               THe
               Author
               meanes
               not
               to
               erect
               a
               new
               Babylon
               by
               confounding
               degrees
               .
               Horaces
               monster
               .
               The
               common
               lawes
               distinction
               .
            
             
               2
               Citizens
               as
               Citizens
               not
               Gentlemen
               ,
               but
               a
               particular
               species
               .
               The
               Gentleman
               the
               naturall
               subiect
               of
               all
               Nobilitie
               .
               The
               Authors
               meaning
               explained
               .
               Encouragement
               of
               honest
               
                 Industrie
                 .
                 Ius
                 annulorum
              
               ,
               that
               among
               the
               Romans
               ,
               which
               bearing
               of
               Armes
               among
               vs.
               The
               causes
               compared
               .
               The
               distinction
               of
               a
               meere
               Citizen
               .
               Disparagement
               of
               Wards
               how
               to
               bee
               vnderstood
               in
               this
               case
               .
               King
               Edward
               the
               first
               his
               displeasure
               an
               efficient
               of
               what
               effects
               .
               Armories
               to
               symbolise
               with
               the
               first
               bearers
               quality
               .
               Antiquities
               sacred
               care
               in
               point
               of
               ennoblements
               .
            
             
               3
               The
               Authors
               Apostrophe
               to
               Fathers
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               Gentlemen
               borne
               ,
               or
               not
               .
               No
               cause
               why
               the
               Great
               should
               be
               ashamed
               of
               City-beginnings
               .
               Martiall
               vertue
               principal
               owner
               of
               Armories
               .
               The
               Chamber
               of
               the
               King.
               
            
             
               4
               Kings
               of
               England
               ennoble
               the
               Companies
               of
               London
               with
               their
               persons
               ,
               by
               a
               singular
               fauour
               .
               Henrie
               the
               seuenth
               his
               admirable
               sociabilitie
               ,
               or
               configuration
               of
               himselfe
               to
               popular
               formes
               .
               Clothworkers
               his
               late
               Maiesties
               brotherhood
               .
            
             
               
               5
               London-Companies
               denominated
               of
               their
               Monopolies
               ,
               but
               not
               embased
               thereby
               .
               Of
               Circensian-games
               and
               colors
               .
               Plinius
               his
               complaint
               .
               Gentlemens
               meanes
               if
               properly
               entituled
               are
               as
               meane
               as
               London-Mysteries
               .
               Nor
               ,
               in
               that
               respect
               ,
               any
               great
               disparilitie
               betweene
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               Citie-Gentlemen
               .
            
             
               6
               The
               Ecclipticke
               line
               of
               Londons
               Zodiacke
               .
               The
               minde
               ,
               and
               not
               names
               is
               essentiall
               to
               qualifications
               .
            
             
               7
               The
               Authors
               second
               Apologie
               for
               his
               meaning
               in
               this
               case
               .
               His
               scope
               to
               beate
               downe
               iniurious
               vanity
               ,
               not
               to
               wrong
               vocations
               .
               
                 London
                 Companies
              
               best
               so
               called
               as
               they
               are
               .
               The
               first
               Roman
               Consul
               ,
               not
               being
               a
               Patrician
               ,
               free
               of
               Butchers
               .
               Where
               Maiestie
               is
               ,
               there
               can
               be
               no
               basenesse
               .
               The
               glorie
               of
               wit
               ,
               and
               armes
               due
               to
               London
               .
            
             
               8
               All
               honest
               natures
               loue
               glorie
               ,
               and
               no
               glorie
               good
               but
               as
               subordained
               to
               God.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             fourth
             Part.
             
          
           
             THough
             thus
             I
             haue
             been
             the
             Aduocate
             ,
             and
             Defender
             of
             the
             credit
             of
             the
             City
             ,
             yet
             desire
             I
             not
             to
             be
             mistaken
             .
             For
             it
             is
             very
             far
             from
             my
             thoughts
             ,
             by
             this
             Apologie
             ,
             or
             patronisation
             ,
             to
             confound
             degrees
             in
             common-weale
             ,
             so
             to
             set
             vp
             as
             it
             were
             a
             new
             Babylon
             of
             mine
             owne
             .
             I
             am
             not
             ignorant
             therefore
             ,
             that
             Citizens
             ,
             as
             Citizens
             ,
             are
             not
             Gentlemen
             ,
             but
             Cizens
             ;
             To
             hold
             otherwise
             were
             to
             take
             one
             order
             ,
             or
             degree
             of
             men
             out
             of
             the
             Realme
             ,
             or
             like
             Horaces
             monster
             (
             a
             mans
             head
             ,
             and
             a
             birds
             bodie
             )
             to
             create
             a
             thing
             which
             had
             halfe
             one
             ,
             and
             halfe
             another
             ,
             and
             our
             lawes
             giue
             a
             proper
             name
             both
             to
             the
             tenure
             ,
             and
             person
             ,
             calling
             the
             tenure
             of
             Citizens
             in
             Cities
             ,
             Burgage
             ,
             and
             their
             persons
             ,
             Burgenses
             ,
             among
             whom
             the
             more
             eminent
             of
             them
             in
             London
             had
             of
             old
             not
             onely
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             title
             of
             Citizens
             ,
             or
             Burgesses
             ,
             but
             of
             Barons
             also
             .
          
           
             2
             The
             ordinarie
             Citizen
             therefore
             ,
             is
             of
             a
             degree
             beneath
             the
             meere
             Gentlemen
             ,
             as
             the
             Gentleman
             is
             among
             vs
             in
             the
             lowest
             degree
             ,
             or
             classe
             of
             Nobilitie
             in
             England
             .
             And
             all
             
             Citizens
             as
             Citizens
             ,
             yea
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Maior
             himselfe
             ,
             simply
             as
             a
             Citizen
             ,
             is
             not
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             but
             Burgenfis
             .
             As
             the
             greatest
             Princes
             ,
             and
             Despots
             that
             euer
             were
             ,
             or
             euer
             shall
             be
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             considered
             in
             their
             first
             naturall
             condition
             ,
             are
             at
             most
             but
             Ingenui
             ,
             or
             free-borne
             ,
             in
             which
             respect
             all
             are
             equall
             ,
             for
             
               omnes
               natura
               aequales
            
             ,
             and
             their
             first
             ciuill
             degree
             ,
             or
             generall
             state
             ,
             which
             either
             comprehends
             all
             the
             orders
             of
             Nobilitie
             ,
             or
             is
             capable
             of
             them
             ,
             is
             among
             vs
             the
             Gentleman
             .
             In
             which
             respect
             he
             who
             shall
             say
             ,
             That
             this
             or
             that
             King
             ,
             or
             Emperour
             is
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             speakes
             rightly
             ,
             and
             as
             the
             thing
             is
             .
             For
             Gentleman
             is
             the
             title
             ,
             about
             which
             all
             other
             titles
             ,
             as
             they
             concerne
             honor
             ,
             and
             conueigh
             no
             iurisdiction
             ,
             are
             put
             as
             robes
             and
             ornaments
             .
             This
             therefore
             is
             my
             meaning
             ;
             That
             some
             Citizens
             may
             be
             a
             Citizen
             ,
             and
             yet
             truely
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             as
             one
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             man
             may
             in
             seueral
             respects
             be
             both
             a
             Lord
             and
             Tenant
             .
             Citizen
             in
             regard
             of
             his
             encorporation
             in
             London
             ,
             Gentleman
             in
             regard
             of
             birth
             ,
             or
             of
             Armories
             assigned
             for
             encouragement
             of
             Industrie
             ,
             to
             ennoble
             his
             honest
             riches
             and
             titles
             of
             honor
             ,
             or
             worship
             ,
             in
             that
             City
             ,
             whereof
             he
             is
             a
             qualified
             member
             .
             Neither
             is
             the
             communication
             of
             rewards
             ,
             which
             consist
             of
             painted
             distinctiōs
             ,
             composed
             according
             to
             the
             
             receiued
             rules
             of
             Heraldrie
             ,
             iniurious
             to
             ancient
             Gentrie
             any
             more
             then
             the
             promiscuous
             permission
             of
             wearing
             gold-rings
             on
             their
             fingers
             alike
             to
             freed-men
             ,
             as
             to
             freemen
             ,
             granted
             by
             the
             Emperour
             in
             the
             authentickes
             :
             the
             reason
             of
             gold-rings
             among
             Romanes
             ,
             and
             of
             Armories
             among
             vs
             being
             the
             same
             .
             Nor
             is
             it
             a
             new
             thing
             in
             our
             Commonweale
             ,
             that
             speciall
             Citizens
             ,
             not
             borne
             to
             armories
             ,
             but
             the
             sonnes
             of
             yeomen
             ,
             or
             not
             of
             Gentlemen
             ,
             should
             haue
             armes
             assigned
             them
             .
             For
             there
             is
             perhaps
             scarce
             any
             record
             of
             Armes
             granted
             in
             England
             more
             ancient
             then
             testimonies
             in
             the
             Halles
             of
             London
             ,
             that
             speciall
             Citizens
             haue
             bin
             honourd
             with
             particular
             bearings
             .
             And
             these
             are
             aduanced
             vpon
             the
             Lord
             Maiors
             day
             by
             the
             speare-men
             of
             that
             companie
             of
             which
             his
             Lordship
             is
             a
             member
             ,
             not
             all
             of
             them
             specially
             giuen
             of
             old
             ,
             but
             some
             vndoubtedly
             borne
             by
             right
             of
             blood
             ,
             as
             descendents
             of
             Gentlemen
             ,
             but
             other
             againe
             as
             vndoubtedly
             assigned
             for
             excellency
             in
             City-Arts
             .
             Of
             which
             number
             there
             are
             at
             this
             day
             not
             a
             few
             ,
             whose
             
               seri
               nepotes
            
             whose
             great-grand-childrens
             children
             are
             reputed
             amōg
             the
             oldest
             and
             best
             families
             of
             their
             Shires
             ,
             without
             any
             relation
             to
             London
             ,
             which
             notwithstanding
             raised
             them
             .
             Hence
             it
             followes
             ,
             that
             as
             an
             Apprentise
             being
             a
             Gentleman-borne
             remaineth
             
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             which
             addition
             of
             splendor
             ,
             and
             title
             ,
             as
             God
             blesseth
             his
             labours
             ,
             so
             a
             worthy
             Citizen
             is
             capable
             of
             honor
             and
             Armes
             ,
             notwithstanding
             his
             Apprentiship
             .
             And
             by
             this
             distinction
             made
             betweene
             a
             Citizen
             meerely
             as
             a
             Citizen
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Citizen
             ,
             as
             hee
             may
             also
             be
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             that
             obiection
             which
             some
             bring
             out
             of
             a
             Statute
             enacted
             vnder
             one
             of
             our
             Kings
             ,
             which
             forbidding
             the
             disparagement
             offered
             by
             the
             Guardian
             to
             marie
             the
             Ward
             borne
             gentle
             ,
             to
             a
             Burgensis
             ,
             may
             easily
             bee
             salued
             and
             answered
             .
             For
             in
             that
             Statute
             the
             word
             Burgensis
             is
             spoken
             in
             the
             natiue
             ,
             and
             more
             narrow
             sense
             thereof
             ,
             that
             is
             of
             one
             who
             is
             simply
             Burgensis
             ,
             without
             any
             consideration
             of
             him
             as
             hee
             may
             otherwise
             bee
             a
             Gentleman
             ,
             Esquire
             ,
             or
             Knight
             ,
             which
             in
             some
             places
             happens
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             famous
             corporation
             of
             
               Droit
               Wiche
            
             in
             Worcestershire
             .
             But
             howsoeuer
             ,
             cerainely
             Burgensis
             here
             nothing
             concernes
             Citizens
             of
             London
             ,
             who
             by
             an
             excellency
             of
             their
             calling
             had
             the
             honor
             in
             antiquity
             to
             beare
             the
             name
             of
             Barons
             ,
             and
             were
             styled
             so
             ;
             and
             weighing
             that
             ,
             the
             Citizen
             is
             a
             distinct
             degree
             from
             Burgensis
             ,
             and
             aboue
             it
             ;
             and
             therfore
             that
             law
             concernes
             them
             not
             .
             For
             the
             proofe
             of
             their
             title
             to
             the
             appellation
             of
             Barons
             ,
             by
             way
             of
             Hexoche
             (
             as
             artists
             in
             eloquence
             call
             
             it
             )
             most
             famous
             is
             that
             place
             in
             the
             Histories
             of
             
               Mathew
               Paris
            
             ,
             where
             speaking
             of
             the
             Londoners
             of
             his
             time
             ,
             vnder
             King
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             these
             words
             are
             eminent
             in
             him
             :
             
               Londonienses
               quos
               propter
               ciuitatis
               dignitatem
               ,
               &
               ciuium
               antiquitatem
               ,
               Barones
               consueuimus
               appellare
               .
            
             As
             for
             the
             distinct
             degree
             of
             a
             Citizen
             from
             a
             Burgensis
             ,
             that
             appeares
             in
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             City
             of
             London
             doth
             not
             send
             Burgesses
             to
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             but
             Knights
             ,
             or
             Citizens
             ;
             and
             the
             enumeration
             of
             the
             rankes
             is
             cleare
             in
             a
             Statute
             of
             King
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             enacted
             the
             fift
             yeare
             of
             his
             raigne
             ,
             and
             the
             fourth
             Chapter
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             ,
             
               Count
               ,
               Baron
               ,
               Banneret
               ,
               Cheualier
               de
               Counte
               ,
               Citizen
               de
               Citie
               ,
               Burgeis
               de
               Burgh
               .
            
             The
             Princes
             before
             that
             time
             ,
             but
             specially
             the
             Princes
             following
             (
             as
             the
             worthinesse
             of
             Citizens
             inuited
             )
             did
             ennoble
             them
             exceedingly
             ,
             and
             continue
             more
             and
             more
             so
             to
             doe
             .
             Yet
             ,
             in
             conferring
             Armes
             ,
             and
             arguments
             of
             honor
             vpon
             Cizens
             ,
             not
             borne
             Genlemen
             ,
             reason
             requireth
             that
             they
             should
             not
             haue
             coats
             of
             the
             fairest
             bearing
             assigned
             to
             them
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             either
             in
             Canton
             ,
             Chiefe
             ,
             Border
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             might
             carie
             some
             testimonie
             ,
             marke
             ,
             or
             signe
             to
             shew
             the
             Art
             by
             which
             they
             were
             aduanced
             ,
             as
             Merchant-Aduenturers
             to
             beare
             Anchors
             ,
             Grocers
             Cloues
             ,
             
             Clothworkers
             a
             Tezel
             ,
             Merchantaylors
             a
             robe
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             ;
             which
             those
             Gentlemen
             ought
             in
             honestie
             ,
             and
             thankfulnesse
             to
             choose
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             to
             accept
             ;
             and
             rather
             striue
             to
             match
             the
             best
             in
             goodnesse
             ,
             and
             worth
             of
             spirit
             then
             in
             the
             silent
             tokens
             of
             it
             .
             Posteritie
             thriuing
             ,
             there
             may
             then
             some
             change
             be
             also
             made
             in
             the
             coat
             for
             the
             better
             .
             Specially
             considering
             what
             pretty
             riddance
             hath
             beene
             in
             our
             times
             made
             of
             surcharges
             in
             armories
             granted
             about
             the
             end
             of
             King
             Henry
             the
             eight
             ;
             what
             encroachments
             vpon
             old
             Gentlemens
             rights
             ,
             by
             new
             ones
             ,
             because
             their
             names
             onely
             haue
             beene
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             many
             other
             inuentions
             to
             blanch
             or
             beautifie
             newnesse
             .
             According
             to
             which
             notion
             and
             dictamen
             ,
             coats
             of
             Armes
             haue
             beene
             deliuered
             from
             their
             originall
             deformities
             ,
             surfets
             ,
             and
             surcharges
             ,
             by
             their
             proper
             Physitian
             ,
             the
             prouinciall
             King
             of
             Armes
             ;
             So
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Kitsons
            
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             whose
             Chief
             ,
             now
             simply
             gold
             ,
             was
             heretofore
             ouerladen
             with
             three
             ogresses
             ,
             and
             they
             with
             an
             Anchor
             (
             the
             badge
             or
             argument
             of
             the
             originall
             )
             and
             two
             Lyons
             rampant
             argent
             ;
             as
             at
             this
             houre
             is
             publikely
             extant
             to
             be
             seene
             in
             Trinitie
             Hall
             at
             Cambridge
             ,
             whereunto
             he
             was
             a
             benefactor
             :
             and
             besides
             that
             Gentlemans
             ,
             the
             coat
             armours
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Peeres
             of
             
             this
             land
             ,
             and
             of
             others
             also
             ,
             not
             a
             few
             :
             very
             many
             more
             needing
             the
             like
             reliefe
             ,
             or
             remedie
             .
             The
             rule
             of
             proportion
             seemes
             diligently
             obserued
             in
             antiquitie
             among
             vs
             ,
             where
             the
             principall
             ,
             and
             most
             noble
             charges
             ,
             and
             formes
             of
             Armories
             were
             not
             appropriated
             but
             to
             analogicall
             competencies
             of
             honourable
             qualitie
             .
          
           
             3
             Such
             therefore
             being
             the
             nature
             of
             Apprentiship
             ,
             and
             such
             the
             condition
             of
             Citizens
             estate
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             purposes
             of
             honor
             ,
             and
             armes
             ,
             let
             Fathers
             who
             are
             Gentleman
             put
             their
             children
             ,
             who
             are
             not
             rather
             inclining
             to
             Armes
             ,
             or
             letters
             ,
             to
             Apprentiship
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             to
             the
             discipline
             ,
             and
             Art
             of
             honest
             gaine
             ,
             giuing
             them
             a
             title
             of
             being
             somewhat
             in
             our
             Countrey
             .
             For
             it
             is
             a
             vocation
             simply
             honest
             ,
             and
             may
             proue
             a
             stay
             to
             posteritie
             ,
             and
             giue
             credit
             to
             their
             names
             ,
             when
             licentious
             and
             corrupted
             eldest
             sonnes
             haue
             sold
             their
             birth-rights
             away
             .
             For
             albeit
             many
             Citizens
             thriue
             not
             ,
             but
             breake
             ,
             yet
             those
             fathers
             ,
             or
             such
             who
             are
             in
             place
             of
             Fathers
             ,
             worke
             more
             probably
             ,
             who
             put
             their
             children
             ,
             or
             Orphans
             into
             a
             certaine
             method
             of
             life
             ,
             then
             others
             who
             leaue
             them
             at
             large
             .
             And
             as
             some
             riotous
             ,
             foolish
             ,
             or
             vnfortunate
             Citizens
             miscarrie
             ,
             so
             ten
             to
             one
             more
             yonger
             brethren
             in
             the
             Country
             .
             And
             fathers
             ,
             such
             of
             you
             are
             not
             gentlemen
             ,
             
             put
             your
             children
             to
             be
             Apprentises
             ,
             that
             so
             as
             God
             may
             blesse
             their
             iust
             ,
             true
             ,
             and
             vertuous
             industrie
             ,
             they
             may
             found
             a
             new
             family
             ,
             and
             both
             raise
             themselues
             and
             theirs
             to
             the
             precious
             and
             glittering
             title
             of
             Gentlemen
             bearing
             Armes
             lawfully
             .
             For
             which
             cause
             no
             Lord
             ,
             nor
             Peere
             of
             this
             Land
             ,
             who
             may
             perchance
             owe
             his
             worldly
             estate
             ,
             and
             as
             well
             the
             completiue
             ,
             as
             the
             fundamentall
             greatnesse
             ,
             or
             amplitude
             of
             meanes
             ,
             to
             such
             as
             haue
             beene
             Citizens
             of
             London
             ;
             nor
             those
             other
             ,
             whose
             originalls
             were
             from
             cheualrie
             ,
             and
             martiall
             seruice
             (
             the
             most
             pure
             ,
             and
             proper
             Noblesse
             of
             all
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             purpose
             of
             bearing
             Armes
             )
             and
             yet
             since
             haue
             beene
             mixt
             with
             Citie-races
             ,
             ought
             to
             thinke
             it
             the
             least
             disparagement
             to
             owne
             their
             benefactors
             and
             ancestors
             ,
             Citizens
             of
             London
             .
             On
             the
             other
             part
             it
             will
             worthily
             well
             become
             them
             ,
             freely
             and
             thankfully
             to
             acknowledge
             so
             honest
             originalls
             ,
             and
             accession
             to
             originalls
             ,
             as
             all
             this
             Realme
             from
             thence
             is
             filled
             with
             .
             Because
             among
             them
             the
             vertues
             of
             commutatiue
             iustice
             ,
             and
             of
             commendable
             industrie
             flourish
             ,
             and
             ,
             the
             sinewes
             of
             warre
             ,
             and
             peace
             ,
             abundance
             of
             treasure
             ,
             are
             stored
             vp
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Chamber
             of
             the
             King.
             
          
           
             4
             Which
             acknowledgment
             ,
             besides
             that
             it
             is
             in
             
             the
             lawes
             of
             honor
             ,
             an
             act
             of
             bounden
             duty
             ,
             they
             may
             the
             rather
             take
             it
             for
             a
             glorie
             ,
             because
             our
             Princes
             haue
             vouchsafed
             to
             be
             incorporated
             ;
             as
             members
             of
             seuerall
             Companies
             in
             the
             Citie
             ,
             comming
             thereby
             as
             it
             were
             vnder
             that
             banner
             .
             Nor
             onely
             so
             ,
             but
             Henrie
             the
             seuenth
             (
             whom
             all
             of
             vs
             will
             easily
             confesse
             to
             haue
             well
             enough
             vnderstood
             what
             he
             did
             )
             is
             credibly
             said
             to
             haue
             beene
             in
             person
             ,
             at
             the
             election
             of
             Master
             &
             Wardens
             ,
             and
             himselfe
             to
             haue
             sitten
             openly
             among
             them
             in
             a
             gowne
             of
             crimson
             veluet
             ,
             Citie-fashion
             ,
             with
             a
             Citizens
             hood
             of
             veluet
             on
             his
             shoulders
             
               a
               la
               mode
               de
               Londres
            
             ,
             vpon
             their
             solemne
             feast-day
             ,
             in
             the
             common
             hall
             of
             his
             Company
             ,
             Merchantailers
             .
             Moreouer
             ,
             his
             grand-childe
             ,
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             (
             no
             way
             inferior
             to
             her
             ancestor
             in
             high
             pollicie
             )
             was
             free
             of
             Mercers
             .
             Lastlie
             (
             which
             is
             more
             to
             our
             present
             purpose
             )
             our
             late
             dread
             Soueraigne
             himselfe
             King
             Iames
             more
             learned
             then
             they
             both
             (
             though
             learning
             hath
             beene
             a
             Royall
             abilitie
             in
             our
             ancient
             Princes
             ,
             &
             so
             flourishing
             in
             Sebert
             ,
             King
             of
             East-England
             ,
             that
             our
             venerable
             countreyman
             BEDE
             ,
             affirmes
             him
             to
             haue
             been
             ,
             
               per
               omnia
               doctissimus
            
             )
             encorporated
             himselfe
             into
             one
             the
             most
             important
             society
             of
             this
             kingdome
             Clothworkers
             ,
             as
             men
             dealing
             in
             the
             principall
             and
             
             noblest
             Staplewares
             of
             all
             these
             Ilands
             ;
             wooll
             ,
             and
             cloath
             .
          
           
             5
             Nor
             let
             the
             names
             of
             Companies
             ,
             because
             they
             seeme
             not
             to
             sound
             honorably
             enough
             as
             appellations
             of
             degrees
             in
             Gentry
             ,
             and
             Nobility
             ,
             auert
             the
             mind
             from
             them
             as
             things
             ignoble
             and
             vnworthy
             the
             dignity
             of
             generous
             dispositions
             ,
             a
             thing
             erroniously
             holden
             in
             
               Fernes
               Blazon
            
             of
             Gentry
             .
             For
             all
             renowned
             Cities
             euer
             had
             in
             them
             
               vrbana
               nobilitas
            
             ,
             and
             yet
             their
             citizens
             could
             not
             but
             bee
             distributed
             into
             orders
             ,
             tribes
             ,
             or
             titles
             of
             professions
             ,
             yea
             sometimes
             also
             in
             their
             games
             ,
             For
             the
             Circensian
             companies
             in
             Rome
             ,
             called
             factiones
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             companies
             ,
             and
             denominated
             from
             the
             seuerall
             colors
             of
             their
             seueral
             clothings
             ,
             
               White
               ,
               blew
               ,
               greene
            
             ,
             and
             red
             ,
             to
             which
             Domitian
             added
             two
             other
             ,
             purple
             ,
             and
             gold
             ,
             were
             the
             speciall
             delights
             and
             exercises
             of
             Prince
             &
             people
             ;
             which
             grew
             to
             such
             excesse
             ,
             no
             longer
             after
             then
             in
             Traians
             time
             ,
             that
             
               Plinius
               secundus
            
             held
             it
             a
             matter
             worthy
             of
             his
             complaint
             ,
             and
             censure
             ,
             as
             in
             one
             of
             his
             Epistles
             is
             extant
             ,
             where
             he
             saith
             
               nunc
               panno
               fauent
               ,
               nunc
               pannum
               amant
               .
            
             Againe
             ,
             such
             of
             the
             Gentry
             ,
             who
             liue
             not
             in
             the
             citie
             ,
             and
             doe
             most
             of
             all
             eleuate
             themselues
             with
             contempt
             of
             others
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Arts
             ,
             and
             wayes
             of
             maintenance
             ,
             were
             they
             
             but
             incorporated
             vnder
             the
             true
             titles
             of
             their
             meanes
             ,
             in
             which
             we
             will
             not
             speake
             of
             the
             prodigious
             eating
             vp
             of
             whole
             houses
             ,
             townes
             ,
             and
             people
             ,
             by
             a
             thousand
             wicked
             deuises
             proper
             to
             the
             mysterie
             of
             depopulation
             (
             against
             whose
             consuming
             works
             so
             many
             statutes
             of
             this
             land
             haue
             long
             time
             warred
             in
             vaine
             )
             the
             names
             of
             those
             citie-brotherhoods
             ,
             or
             Companies
             would
             easilie
             sound
             ,
             in
             a
             most
             curious
             eare
             ,
             full
             out
             as
             faire
             ,
             and
             well
             .
             
               Corne
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Butter
               ,
               Cheese
               ,
               Hay
               ,
               Wood
               ,
               Wooll
               ,
               Coles
               ,
            
             and
             the
             like
             ,
             the
             materialls
             of
             their
             maintenance
             ,
             all
             of
             them
             inseparable
             to
             Countrey-Commonweales
             ,
             and
             without
             which
             they
             can
             no
             more
             subsist
             then
             Drapers
             ,
             as
             Drapers
             without
             cloath
             ,
             Glodsmiths
             ,
             as
             Goldsmiths
             without
             Iewels
             ,
             or
             plate
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             .
             Neither
             doth
             it
             create
             any
             great
             odds
             in
             this
             point
             touching
             honour
             betweene
             parties
             in
             this
             dispute
             ,
             that
             Gentlemen
             ,
             by
             their
             officers
             ,
             as
             Bailiffes
             ,
             Reeues
             ,
             or
             the
             like
             ,
             doe
             order
             their
             affaires
             for
             their
             more
             ease
             ,
             &
             dignities
             .
             For
             besides
             ,
             that
             the
             wisest
             among
             them
             exercise
             that
             superintendency
             in
             their
             owne
             persons
             ,
             so
             herein
             the
             worthy
             Citizen
             is
             no
             way
             behind
             ,
             dispatching
             his
             businesses
             by
             Factors
             ,
             Iourneymen
             ,
             or
             expert
             Apprentises
             ,
             reseruing
             onely
             to
             himselfe
             the
             oueruiew
             ,
             and
             controll
             all
             their
             doings
             .
             Citie-noblesse
             
             so
             apparent
             ,
             that
             the
             Knights
             or
             Gentlemen
             of
             Rome
             ,
             professing
             Merchandise
             ,
             and
             others
             among
             them
             that
             way
             bent
             ,
             had
             their
             Hall
             ,
             or
             seat
             of
             their
             Colledge
             ,
             or
             companie
             vpon
             Mount
             Capitoline
             it selfe
             ,
             dedicated
             to
             their
             patron
             Deity
             ,
             or
             tutelarie
             God-head
             ,
             Mercurie
             .
             Other
             encorporated
             societies
             there
             also
             were
             ,
             as
             Goldsmiths
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             who
             liued
             so
             far
             from
             being
             excluded
             out
             of
             the
             power
             of
             common-weale
             ,
             or
             from
             honors
             ,
             and
             signes
             of
             noblenesse
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             right
             in
             some
             cases
             euen
             to
             ouertop
             the
             Lords
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             their
             owne
             body
             to
             choose
             not
             only
             Consuls
             ,
             but
             euen
             Dictators
             also
             ,
             their
             super-soueraigne
             &
             most
             absolute
             Magistrate
             before
             their
             Emperors
             times
             .
             Yea
             so
             mighty
             were
             they
             growne
             in
             respect
             of
             elections
             and
             negatiue
             authoritie
             ,
             that
             Clodius
             to
             be
             reuenged
             vpon
             Cicero
             ,
             left
             his
             owne
             rancke
             of
             Patritians
             ,
             and
             Lords
             ,
             and
             turned
             Commoner
             .
          
           
             6
             To
             conclude
             ,
             such
             Gentlemen
             are
             much
             deceiued
             ,
             which
             no
             sooner
             heare
             one
             named
             to
             be
             of
             this
             ,
             or
             that
             Societie
             ,
             or
             Colledge
             of
             trade
             in
             London
             ,
             as
             of
             
               Grocers
               ,
               Haberdashers
               ,
               Fishmongers
            
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             other
             of
             the
             twelue
             principall
             Monopolies
             (
             the
             Zodiacke
             of
             the
             citie
             ,
             in
             whose
             Eclipticke
             line
             their
             Lord
             Maior
             must
             euer
             runne
             his
             yeares
             course
             )
             but
             they
             forthwith
             entertaine
             a
             low
             conceit
             
             of
             the
             parties
             quality
             ,
             as
             too
             too
             much
             beneath
             their
             owne
             ranck
             ,
             and
             order
             ,
             without
             further
             examinatiō
             ;
             
               when
               it
               often
               happens
               ,
               that
               he
               who
               is
               titularlie
               of
               this
               ,
               or
               that
               Fraternity
               ,
               neuer
               was
               bred
               vp
               in
               it
               ,
               nor
               vnderstands
               any
               more
               what
               it
               meanes
               then
               the
               remotest
               Gentleman
               ,
               their
               Masters
               themselues
               hauing
               been
               Merchants
               ,
               or
               of
               other
               profession
               of
               life
               diuerse
               from
               their
               title
               ,
               vnder
               which
               they
               are
               marshall'd
               ,
            
             the
             law
             of
             the
             citie
             imposing
             an
             absolute
             necessity
             that
             all
             who
             are
             free
             of
             the
             city
             should
             cary
             the
             name
             of
             some
             one
             ,
             or
             other
             of
             their
             brotherhoods
             .
             Againe
             ,
             what
             doe
             the
             constellations
             of
             heauen
             shine
             the
             worse
             ,
             or
             the
             lesse
             ,
             because
             they
             carrie
             the
             names
             of
             Ramm
             ,
             of
             a
             Water-bearer
             ,
             of
             Fishes
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             ?
             Or
             how
             many
             the
             fewer
             are
             their
             seuerall
             lights
             for
             that
             ?
             Answerably
             to
             which
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             if
             the
             parties
             mind
             be
             adorn'd
             with
             the
             starre-lights
             of
             vertue
             and
             honor
             ,
             what
             basenesse
             is
             it
             for
             him
             to
             bee
             marshall'd
             vnder
             any
             of
             the
             names
             comprehending
             one
             ,
             or
             other
             of
             the
             honest
             Arts
             of
             worldly
             life
             ?
          
           
             7
             In
             disputing
             thus
             ,
             let
             me
             not
             be
             thought
             to
             set
             vp
             an
             enuious
             comparison
             betweene
             these
             two
             worshipfull
             degrees
             ,
             or
             qualificatiōs
             of
             men
             .
             That
             is
             very
             farre
             from
             me
             .
             For
             it
             must
             euer
             bee
             granted
             ,
             to
             the
             authority
             of
             general
             opinion
             founded
             
             vpon
             custome
             among
             vs
             ,
             that
             the
             true
             Countrey-Esquire
             
               caeteris
               paribus
            
             ,
             is
             in
             his
             proper
             place
             before
             the
             Citie-Esquire
             ,
             which
             with
             the
             perpetuall
             clause
             beforesaid
             of
             
               caeteris
               paribus
            
             holds
             also
             ,
             throughout
             the
             other
             degrees
             of
             the
             inferior
             Noblesse
             in
             England
             .
             I
             reason
             here
             ,
             as
             reason
             bids
             ,
             not
             against
             the
             right
             ,
             or
             dignities
             of
             persons
             either
             as
             in
             parallell
             ,
             or
             as
             in
             disparagement
             ,
             but
             against
             the
             vanity
             ,
             and
             offences
             rising
             out
             of
             causelesse
             elatiō
             ,
             and
             arrogance
             ,
             and
             against
             their
             errours
             ,
             who
             not
             vnderstanding
             the
             things
             of
             their
             owne
             countrey
             ,
             are
             indeed
             meere
             Meteoroscopers
             ,
             and
             houer
             in
             the
             clowdy
             region
             of
             admiration
             vpon
             rude
             ,
             and
             vnlearned
             fansies
             ,
             for
             which
             cause
             as
             minds
             needing
             to
             be
             healed
             ,
             so
             would
             I
             sincerely
             that
             they
             were
             healed
             .
             Such
             are
             theirs
             ,
             who
             would
             perhaps
             think
             the
             Companies
             ,
             or
             Monopolies
             of
             the
             citie
             more
             worthy
             of
             their
             acknowledgement
             ,
             if
             where
             now
             they
             are
             denominated
             of
             some
             particular
             ware
             ,
             or
             craft
             ,
             they
             were
             named
             of
             
               Eagles
               ,
               Vultures
               ,
               Lions
               ,
               Beares
               ,
               Panthers
               ,
               Tygers
               ,
            
             or
             so
             forth
             ,
             as
             the
             seuerall
             orders
             of
             the
             Noble
             in
             Mexico
             (
             which
             
               Iosephus
               Acosta
            
             writes
             )
             vnder
             their
             Emperor
             :
             yet
             much
             better
             ,
             because
             more
             truly
             ,
             these
             fellowships
             of
             London
             cary
             the
             names
             of
             men
             as
             they
             haue
             vocations
             in
             professions
             ,
             which
             onely
             men
             can
             execute
             .
             
             Or
             they
             would
             peraduenture
             thinke
             more
             noblie
             of
             them
             ,
             if
             those
             societies
             were
             denominated
             of
             
               Eyes
               ,
               eares
               ,
               hands
               ,
               feet
               ,
            
             or
             of
             other
             members
             ,
             as
             Philostratus
             ,
             in
             the
             life
             of
             that
             impostor
             
               Apollonius
               Tianaeus
            
             ,
             saith
             ,
             the
             officers
             ,
             and
             instruments
             of
             a
             Philosophical
             King
             in
             India
             were
             .
             But
             as
             those
             were
             called
             of
             their
             King
             his
             
               eyes
               ,
               eares
            
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             ,
             so
             haue
             these
             mysteries
             some
             one
             ,
             or
             other
             professor
             in
             each
             among
             them
             ,
             from
             the
             higher
             trade
             to
             the
             lowest
             eminently
             designed
             out
             with
             the
             addition
             of
             King
             ,
             as
             the
             Kings
             Mercer
             ,
             the
             Kings
             Draper
             ,
             and
             so
             forth
             .
             Againe
             ,
             how
             much
             more
             worthy
             the
             whole
             is
             then
             the
             parts
             ,
             because
             the
             parts
             are
             in
             the
             whole
             ,
             so
             by
             that
             argument
             it
             is
             more
             honourable
             to
             be
             marshall'd
             as
             a
             man
             among
             societies
             of
             ciuill
             men
             ,
             then
             to
             be
             distinguisht
             by
             allusions
             to
             particular
             members
             .
             At
             leastwise
             ,
             those
             singular
             Gentlemen
             might
             certainin
             their
             most
             contempt
             of
             the
             City
             remēber
             that
             of
             
               Plato
               ,
               Nemo
               Rex
               non
               ex
               seruis
               ,
               nemo
               non
               seruus
               ex
               Regibus
            
             ;
             and
             that
             also
             rare
             and
             reall
             worth
             may
             bee
             in
             the
             persons
             of
             Citizens
             themselues
             ,
             seeing
             Terentius
             (
             Consul
             of
             old
             Rome
             ,
             with
             that
             noble
             
               Paulus
               Aemilius
            
             )
             was
             free
             of
             the
             Butchers
             company
             ,
             and
             our
             Walworth
             Lord
             Maior
             of
             old
             London
             was
             free
             of
             the
             Fishmongers
             .
             And
             they
             were
             
             not
             onely
             the
             Lords
             ,
             Knights
             ,
             and
             Gentlemen
             of
             Rome
             ,
             who
             had
             voice
             in
             election
             of
             their
             principall
             yearly
             Magistrates
             ,
             but
             euen
             handycrafts-men
             ▪
             and
             Artificers
             ,
             as
             is
             most
             manifest
             by
             that
             place
             of
             Salust
             in
             his
             Iugurthine
             warre
             ,
             where
             Marius
             was
             chosen
             Consul
             ,
             by
             the
             speciall
             affection
             of
             that
             sort
             of
             Roman
             Citizens
             ,
             who
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               sua
               necessaria
               post
               illius
               honorem
               ducebant
               ,
            
             preferred
             his
             election
             by
             their
             voices
             ,
             before
             the
             trades
             by
             which
             they
             earnd
             their
             liuings
             .
             Finally
             ,
             they
             may
             remēber
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             posterity
             of
             Citizens
             many
             right
             noble
             ,
             and
             worthy
             Gentlemen
             are
             often
             found
             ,
             and
             that
             ,
             besides
             the
             vniuersall
             mixture
             with
             Citie-races
             thorow
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             it
             may
             not
             be
             denyed
             that
             true
             nobless
             shineth
             often
             very
             bright
             among
             thē
             .
             For
             they
             are
             Companies
             of
             free
             Citizens
             ,
             in
             which
             ,
             soueraigne
             Maiesty
             it selfe
             is
             incorporated
             ,
             making
             them
             at
             once
             to
             be
             sacred
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             and
             certainly
             magnificent
             .
             For
             euen
             as
             where
             the
             Sun
             is
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             darknes
             ,
             so
             where
             soueraign
             Princes
             are
             interressed
             parties
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             basenes
             .
             And
             as
             the
             Philosophers
             Medicine
             purgeth
             vilest
             metals
             ,
             turning
             all
             to
             gold
             ,
             so
             the
             operation
             of
             Princes
             intention
             to
             ennoble
             Societies
             with
             his
             personall
             presence
             ,
             transmetalls
             the
             subiect
             ,
             and
             clearly
             takes
             away
             all
             ignobilitie
             .
             Which
             things
             as
             they
             are
             most
             true
             in
             
             London
             ,
             so
             ,
             for
             that
             ,
             the
             Emperour
             
               Constantinus
               magnus
            
             (
             if
             our
             ancient
             
               Fitz
               Stephan
            
             reports
             the
             right
             )
             Henry
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             sonne
             of
             king
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             that
             braue
             great
             Prince
             Edward
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             whosoeuer
             else
             ,
             were
             borne
             in
             the
             Citie
             ,
             they
             giue
             to
             it
             the
             glory
             of
             Armes
             :
             and
             
               Ieffrey
               Chaucer
            
             ,
             Sir
             
               Thomas
               Moore
            
             knight
             ,
             with
             others
             borne
             in
             London
             ,
             communicate
             thereunto
             the
             glorie
             of
             wits
             and
             letters
             .
             To
             nourish
             vp
             both
             which
             most
             excellent
             titles
             to
             reall
             nobilitie
             in
             the
             Citie
             ,
             the
             Artillery-yard
             ,
             and
             Gressam
             Colledge
             were
             instituted
             .
          
           
             8
             Thus
             this
             question
             of
             Honor
             ,
             and
             Armes
             ,
             vndertaken
             at
             the
             instance
             of
             interessed
             parties
             ,
             but
             more
             for
             loue
             to
             that
             great
             Citie
             ,
             and
             her
             children
             ,
             being
             by
             Gods
             assistance
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             sufficiently
             discussed
             ,
             the
             end
             of
             all
             is
             this
             ,
             that
             albeit
             the
             loue
             of
             humane
             praise
             ,
             and
             of
             outward
             splendor
             in
             the
             markes
             ,
             and
             testimonies
             of
             it
             ,
             are
             very
             vehement
             fires
             in
             all
             worthiest
             natures
             ,
             yet
             haue
             they
             no
             beatitude
             ,
             nor
             (
             so
             to
             say
             )
             felicitation
             ,
             but
             onely
             as
             with
             referment
             to
             this
             of
             the
             blessed
             Apostle
             ,
          
        
      
       
         Soli
         Deo
         Honor
         ,
         &
         Gloria
         .
      
       
         Amen
         .
      
    
     
       
         
           I
           haue
           viewed
           this
           booke
           ,
           and
           perused
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           finde
           nothing
           therein
           dissonant
           to
           reason
           ,
           or
           contrary
           to
           the
           Law
           of
           Honor
           or
           Armes
           .
        
         
           
             
               William
               Segar
            
             Garter
             princip
             .
             King
             of
             Armes
             .
          
        
         
         
         
         
      
       
         
         
           Errata
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Masters
           .
        
         
           For
           iuice
           of
           ingratitude
           ,
           read
           vice
           of
           ingratitude
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           Epistle
           to
           the
           Prentises
           .
        
         
           For
           preying
           ,
           read
           prying
           .
        
         
           For
           honourable
           (
           all
           ,
           read
           honorable
           strangers
           (
           all
           .
        
         
           Page
           5
           For
           larger
           volume
           ,
           read
           leger
           volume
           .
        
         
           17.
           
           For
           discouser
           ,
           read
           discourser
           .
        
         
           19.
           
           For
           ciuill
           Art
           gouernment
           ,
           read
           ciuill
           Art
           of
           gouernment
           .
           ●ad
           For
           most
           an
           -
           Art
           of
           encrease
           ,
           read
           most
           ancient
           Art
           of
           encrease
           .
        
         
           20.
           
           For
           a
           would
           ,
           read
           as
           would
           .
        
         
           23.
           
           For
           ouer-slaue
           ,
           read
           ouer
           his
           slaue
           .
        
         
           38.
           
           For
           fasteth
           ,
           read
           fastest
           .
        
         
           51.
           
           For
           you
           are
           read
           you
           as
           are
           .
        
         
           55.
           
           For
           controll
           all
           read
           controll
           of
           all
           .
        
         
           57.
           
           For
           Ramme
           ,
           read
           a
           Ramme
           .
        
         
           58.
           
           For
           certaine
           ,
           read
           certainly
           .