Thrēnoikos the house of mourning furnished with directions for the hour of death ... delivered in LIII sermons preached at the funerals of divers faithfull servants of Christ / by Daniel Featly, Martin Day, John Preston, Ri. Houldsworth, Richard Sibbs, Thomas Taylor, doctors in divinity, Thomas Fuller and other reverend divines. 1660 Approx. 2651 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 313 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2009-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A41017 Wing F595 ESTC R30449 11322882 ocm 11322882 47453 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A41017) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 47453) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1460:29) Thrēnoikos the house of mourning furnished with directions for the hour of death ... delivered in LIII sermons preached at the funerals of divers faithfull servants of Christ / by Daniel Featly, Martin Day, John Preston, Ri. Houldsworth, Richard Sibbs, Thomas Taylor, doctors in divinity, Thomas Fuller and other reverend divines. Featley, Daniel, 1582-1645. Newly corrected and amended with several additions. [12], 610 p. Printed by G. Dawson and are to be sold by John Williams ..., London : 1660. Title in Greek characters. Numerous errors in paging. Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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THE House of Mourning : FURNISHED With DIRECTIONS for PREPARATIONS to MEDITATIONS of CONSOLATIONS at the Hour of Death . DELIVERED IN LIII . SERMONS , Preached at the FUNERALS of divers faithfull SERVANTS of CHRIST . By Daniel Featly , Martin Day , John Preston , Doctors in Divinity . Ri. Houldsworth , Richard Sibbs , Thomas Taylor . Thomas Fuller . And other Reverend Divines . ECCLES . 7.4 . The heart of the wise , is in the house of Mourning : but the heart of fools , is in the house of mirth . Ambr. de obit . frat . Non amitti sed praemitti videntur quos sed non absumptura mors , sed aeternitatas receptura est . Seneca Ep. 77. Iter imperfectum est , si in media parte aut citra petitum locum steterit : vita non est imperfecta si honesta , ubicunqque desieris , si benè desieres , tota est . Newly Corrected and Amended with several ADDITIONS . LONDON , Printed by G. Dawson , and are to be sold by John Williams , at the Sign of the Crown in St. Pauls-Chruch-Yard , 1660. TO THE CHRISTIAN READER . THere is no man that can plead Ignorance to the universal Decree of God concerning the necessity of Mans Mortality : It is appointed for all men once to die : and every man can say as that wise Woman of Tekoaeh , we are all as water spilt upon the ground . There is no Age , Estate , Condition , or rank of Men , but have been foyled with that invincible Champion Death ; who riding up and down the World upon his pale Horse above these five thousand years , hath with an impartial stroke laid all flat before him ; some in there Infancy have proved what it is to die before they knew what it was to live ; others in the strength of Youth ; some in their old Age : rich and poor , high and low , of all sorts ; young men may die , old men must die ; even those that are stiled Gods ( and that by no fawning Sycophant , but by God himself ) their Mortality proves them to be men to themselves , though they be as Gods to others : and as Epictetus once told the Emperour , That to be born , and to die , was common both to Prince and Beggar . The sicknesses and miseries of this World have made the proudest Painims to confess with St. Peter to Cornelius , Even I my self also am a mortal man : So that experience ( as well as Scripture ) concludes , what man is he that liveth and shall not see death ? There are no ingredients in the shop of Nature that are sufficiently cordial to fortifie the heart against this King of terrors or his harbingers : the velvet slipper cannot sence the foot from the gout , nor the gold ring the finger from a fellon ; the richest Diadem cannot quit the head-ach , nor the purple Robe prevent a Fever : Beauty , strength , riches , honour , friends , nor any , nor all can repeal that sentence , Dust thou art , and to dust thou shalt return . Every fit of an Ague , and every distemper of this frail constitution being as a light skirmish before the main battel of Death , wherein weak man being vanquished , is led captive to his long home : and when once the lines of Mortality are drawn upon the face of the fairest mortal , he becomes a ghastly spectacle ( how lovely soever before ) and the conclusion is , Bury my dead out of my sight . This inevitable necessity , however it be confessed and acknowledged of all ; yet lamentable experience teacheth , that in the Christian world most men so live as though they should never die , and at length they so die as though they should never live again , and when the time of their dissolution cometh , their souls are rather chased out by violence , then yielded to God in obedience . Indeed to a wicked man , Death is the beginning of sorrows , it is a trap-door to let him down to the everlasting dungeon of Hell ; but the children of God ( though they cannot scape the stroke , yet ) they are freed from the sting of death , they can play upon the hole of this Aspe without danger , and welcome the grimmest approach of this Gyant with a smile , being freed from the hurt of him , by Him that is the Captain of the Lords Host , who hath abolished death , and brought life and immortality to light ; so that the sting of it being plucked out , and the suffering sanctified by Christ , death is become to every Believer but a dark entry to the glorious Pallace of Heaven . Now as it is Gods tender mercy to his Children , that their conflict and misery should be temporary , but their perfect happiness eternal ; so it should be their care in this little space of time alotted them , ( whereupon their everlasting condition depends ) so to provide that they may live happily where they shall live eternally : and since we cannot escape death , to prepare for it , that we may get the sight of this Basilisk before it approach , and so avoid the danger of it . Wretched is the estate of that man , who when these spiritual Philistims ( the terrors of death ) make war upon him , shall have just cause to say , The Lord is departed from me : the death of such a one will be like the sleep of a frantick man , who when the malignant humor is concocted , awakes in a greater rage than he lay down ; whereas to him that is wise to consider his latter end , death is no way dreadful ; death may kill him , but it cannot hurt him ; it doth free him from temporary misery , but cannot hinder him from eternal felicity : and as that noble Captain of Thebes , who having gotten the victory over his enemies , but withal , received his mortal wound , he made this his grand enquiry , whether his weapons were safe or not ? whether his buckler was not in his enemies hands ? and when it was replied all was safe , he died with a great deal of chearfulness and fortitude . So when a Christian is to grapple with death , his main care is , that his Buckler of Faith , and the Helmet of his Salvation , his Hope , that they be safe to guard his Soul , and then he passeth not much what becomes of his outward man , he dies in peace and confidence . Now that we may be fitted to encounter with this last enemy , ( besides the manifold helps which God hath reached to us in his Word , in the passages of his providence , in the frequent examples of mortality before us continually , and in our own sensible approaches to the gates of death ; I say , besides these and infinite more , ) this ensuing Volumn ( with so much care and pains compiled ) by Gods blessing , and our endeavours , may prove no small furtherance in our Pilgrimage ; Each Sermon therein being as a several Legasie bequeathed by those , upon the occasion of whose deaths they were Preached , as by so many Testators , who themselves have made a reall experiment of Mortality , and left these for our instruction that survive them . It is true , the dayly examples of Mortality are so many real Lectures , that by a kind of dumb Oratory perswade us to expect our end , but as they are transient , so our thoughts of them vanish ; therefore it can be no small advantage to have in continual readiness that which may furnish us abundantly with meditations in this kind . It was a custome in former times for men to make their Sepulchres in their Gardens , to mind them of death in the midst of the pleasures of this life . This present Work may not unfitly be termed a Garden , wherein whosoever takes a dayly walk , may gather in the several beds thereof those wholsome flowers and hearbs , which being distilled by serious meditation , will prove water of life to a fainting spirit : in some he shall find instruction , in some incitation , in others consolalion , in all profit . Here thou shalt find that Lethall Gourd sprung up by Adam his trausgression , that makes all his posterity cry out , There is Death in the Pot. There thou mayst gather Hearbs of Grace , as a counterpoyson against the malignity of death : in a third there is the spiritual Heliotropium opening with joy to the Son of Righteousness , the hope of a blessed Resurrection . Do the glittering shews of outward things make thee begin to over-fancy them ? here thou shalt find how little they will avail in death : the consideration whereof will make them like that precious stone which being put into the mouth of a dead man loseth its vertue : art thou over-burthened with afflictions ? here thou art supported in the expectation of a far more exceeding weight of glory : art thou ready to faint under thy labours ? here thou shalt find a time of rest , and of reaping : doth the time seem over-long , that thy patience begins to flag ? here thou hast a promise of thy Saviours speedy coming : In a word , be thy estate and condition what it will be ; here thou mayst have both directions to guide thee , and comforts to support thee in thy journey on earth , till thou arrive at thy Country in Heaven . Certainly , there is no man can sleight and undervalue so deserving a Work , but he shall discover himself either to be ignorant , or idle , or ill affected ; especially when so judicious and learned men have thought it a fit concomitant for their several Labours , which they have added for the accomplishment of it : Therefore take it in good worth , improve it for the good of thy Soul ; that being armed and prepared for death when it shall approach ; thou mayst have no more to do but to die , and mayst end thy dayes in a stedfast assurance , That thy sins shall be blotted out , when the time of Refreshing shall come from the presence of the LORD . Thine in Him who is the Resurrection and the Life . H. W. THE TABLE . THE Stewards Summons . Page 1. TEXT . LUKE 16.2 . Give an Account of thy Stewardship , for thou mayst be no longer Steward . The Praise of Mourning . Page 17. ECCLESIASTES 7.2 . It is better to go to the House of Mourning , then to the House of Feasting : for that is the end of all men , and the living will lay it to his heart . Deliverance from the King of Fears . Page 33. HEBREWS 2.14 , 15. 14. For as much then as the Children are partakers of flesh and blood , he also himself likewise took part of the same , that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death , that is the Devil . 15. And deliver them who ( through the fear of death ) were all their life time subject to bondage . The Perfection of Patience . Page 47. JAMES 1.4 . But let patience have her perfect work , that you may be perfect and entire , wanting nothing . A Restraint of exorbitant Passion . Page 61. 2 SAM . 12.22 , 23. 22. And he said , while the Child was yet alive , I fasted and wept , for I said , who can tell whether God will be gracious to me that the Child may live ? 23. But now he is dead , wherefore should I fast ? Can I bring him back again ? I shall go to him , but he shall not return to me . The Sting of Death , &c. Page 73. 1 COR. 15.56 . The sting of Death is Sin , and the strength of Sin is the Law. The Destruction of the Destroyer , &c. Page 81. 1 COR. 15.16 . The last Enemy that shall be destroyed is Death . The Worlds Losse , and the Righteous Mans Gain . Page 91. ISAIAH 57.1 . And merciful men are taken away , none considering that the righteous is taken away from the evil to come . The Good-Mans Epitaph , &c. Page 107. REVEL . 14.13 . I heard a voice from Heaven saying unto me , Write , Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord , from henceforth , yea , saith the Spirit , that they may rest from their labours , and their Works do follow them . The Christians Center , &c. Page 117. ROM . 14.7 , 8. 7. For none of us liveth to himself , and no man dieth to himself . 8. For whether we live , we live to the Lord ; and whether we die , we die unto the Lord ; whether we live therefore or die , we are the Lords . The Improvement of Time , &c. Page 129. 1 COR. 7.29 , 30 , 31. 29. But this I say Brethren , the time is short , it remaineth that both they that have wives , be as though they had none . 30. And they that weep as though they wept not ; and they that rejoyce as if they rejoiced not , and they that buy , as though they possessed not . 31. And they that use this world , as not abusing it ; for the fashion of this world passeth away . Security Surprized , &c. Page 143. 1 THESSAL . 5.3 . For when they shall say peace and safety : then sudden destruction cometh upon them as travail upon a woman with child , and they shall not escape . A Christians Victory , or Conquest over Deaths Enmity . Page 159. 1 COR. 15.26 . The last Enemy that shall be destroyed is Death . The great Tribunal ; or Gods Scrutiny of Mans Secrets . Page 171. ECCLES . 12.14 . For God will bring every work into Jungement , with every secret thing , whether it be good , or whether it be evill . A Tryall of Sincerity , &c. Page 181. ISAIAH 26.8 , 9. 8. Yea , in the way of thy judgments ( O Lord ) have we waited for thee : the desire of our soul is to thy name , and to the remembrance of thee . 9. With my soul have I desired thee in the night , yea , with my spirit within me will I seek thee early ; for when thy judgments are in the earth , the Inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness . The Expectation of Christs Coming , &c. Page 195. PHIL. 3.20 , 21. 20. For our conversation is in Heaven , from whence we look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ . 21. Who shall change our vile body , that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body , according to the working , whereby he is able to subdue all things unto himself . Christs Precept and Promise , or Security against Death . Page 211. JOHN 8.51 . Verily verily I say unto you , if a man keep my saying , he shall never see Death . The Young-mans Liberty and Limits , &c. Page 223. ECCLESIAST . 11.9 . Rejoyce O young man in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the dayes of thy youth , and walk in the wayes of thine heart , and in the sight of thine eyes : but know thou that for all these things God will bring thee into Judgment . Abrahams Purchase , &c. Page 233. GEN. 23.4 . I am a stranger and a sojourner among you , give me a possession of a burying place with you , that I may bury my dead out of my sight . Gods Esteem of the Death of his Saints . Page 243. PSAL. 116.15 . Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his Saints . The desire of the Saints after immortal Glory . Page 251. 2 COR. 5.2 . For in this we groan earnestly , desiring to be cloathed upon , with our house which is from heaven . The Careless Merchant , &c. Page 265. MAT. 16.26 . What is man profited , if he shall gain the whole world , and lose his soul . Christs second Advent , &c. Page 273. REVEL . 22.12 . Behold I come shortly , and my reward is with me , to give every man according to his works . The Saints longing for the great Epiphany . Page 263. TITUS 2.13 . Looking for that blessed hope , and the glorious appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . Lifes Apparition , and Mans Dissolution . Page 291. JAMES 4.14 . For what is your life ? it is even a vapour that appeareth for a little while , and then vanisheth away . Saint Pauls Trumpet , &c. Page 303. ROM . 13.11 . And that knowing the time , that now it is high time to awake out of sleep . The Righteous Mans resting-place , &c. Page 313. GEN. 15.1 . After these things the word of the Lord came to Abraham , saying , Fear not Abraham , I am thy shield , and thy exceeding great reward . The righteous Judge , &c. Page 323. JAM . 2.12 . So speak ye , and so do , as they that shall be judged by the law of liberty . Sins Stipend , and Gods Munificence . Page 335. ROM . 6.23 . For the wages of sin is death , but the gift of God is eternal life , through Jesus Christ our Lord. The Profit of Afflictions , &c. Page 343. HEB. 12.10 . For they verily for a few dayes chastened us after their own pleasure ; but he for our profit , that we might be partakers of his holiness . Spiritual Hearts-ease , &c. Page 355. JOHN 14.1 , 2 , 3. 1. Let not your hearts be troubled , believe in God , believe also in me . 2. In my Fathers house are many mansions , if it were not so , I would have told you , I go to prepare a place for you . 3. And if I go to prepare a place for you , I will come again and receive you unto my self , that where I am , there you may be also . Faiths Triumph over the greatest Tryals . Page 367. HEB. 11.17 . By Faith Abraham when he was tryed , offered up his Son Isaac , and he that had received the promise offered up his only begotten Son. The Priviledge of the Faithful , &c. Page 377. IPET . 3.7 . As Heirs together of the grace of life . Peace in Death , &c. Page 387. LUKE 2.29 . Lord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace according to thy word . The Vital Fountain , &c. Page 399. JOHN 11.25 , 26. 25. Jesus said unto her , I am the resurrection and the life ; he that believeth in me , though he were dead yet shall he live . 26. And whosoever liveth and believeth in me , shall never die . Death in Birth , &c. Page 411. GEN. 35.19 . And Rachel died . The Death of Sin , and life of Grace . Page 419. ROM . 6.11 . Likewise reckon ye also your selves to be dead unto sin , but alive unto God through Jesus Christ our Lord. Hopes Anchor-Hold , &c. Page 433. 1 COR. 15.19 . If in this life only we have hope in Christ , we are of all men most miserable . The Platform of Charity , &c. Page 445. GAL. 6.10 . As we have therefore opportunity , let us do good to all , especially to them that are of the houshold of faith . Death prevented , &c. Page 463. JOB 14.14 . All the dayes of my appointed time will I wait till my change shall come . Iter Novissimum ; or Man his last Progress . Page 473. ECCLESIAST . 12.5 . Man goeth to his long home , and the mourners go about the streets . Tempus putationis ; or the ripe Almond gathered . Page 485. GEN. 15.15 . And thou shalt go to thy Fathers in peace , thou shalt be buried in a good old age . Io Paean , or Christs Triumph over Death . Page 493. 1 COR. 15.55 . O Death where is thy sting ? O Grave where is thy victory ? Fato Fatum ; The King of Fears frighed , &c. Page 501. HOS . 13.14 . O Death I will be thy plagues . Vox Coeli , The Deads Herauld . Page 509. APOC. 14.13 . And I heard a voyce from Heaven , saying unto me , Write , blessed are the dead which die in the Lord , from henceforth , &c. Victoris Brabaeum , or The Conquerours Prize . Page 517. APOC. 14.13 . So saith the Spirit , that they may rest from their labours , and their works follow them . Faith's Eccho , or The Souls AMEN . Page 527. REVEL . 22.19 . AMEN , Even so come Lord Jesus . Deaths Prerogative . Page 539. GEN. 3.19 . For dust thou art , and unto dust thou shalt return . The Patriarchal Funeral . Page 549. GEN. 50.10 . And he made a mourning for his Father seven dayes . The true Accountant . Page 559. PSAL. 90.12 . So teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisdome . The Just-Mans Funeral . Page 575. ECCLES . 7.15 . All things have I seen in the dayes of my vanity ; there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness ; and there is a wicked man , that prolongeth his life in his wickedness . The Righteous Mans Service to his Generation . Page 587. ACTS 13.36 . For David after he had served his own Generation after the will of God , fell asleep , &c. The Crown of Righteousness , &c. Page 597. 2 TIM . 4.7 , 8. I have fought a good fight , I have finished my course , I have kept the faith ; henceforth there is laid up for me a Crown of Righteousness , which the Lord , the righteous Judge , shall give me at that day ; and not to me only , but unto them also who love his appearing . THE STEVVARDS SUMMONS SERMON I. LUKE 16.2 . Give an account of thy Stewardship for thou maist be no longer Steward . IN the Chapter going before , our blessed Lord and Saviour had preached the Doctrine of the Free Grace of God in the Remission of Sin , and receiving of Repenting and Returning Sinners , in the Parable of an indulgent Fathers receiving of a prodigal Son. The Pharisees were a People that hardned their own hearts , and scoffed at every thing that Christ delivered : therefore now in this Chapter , he cometh to summon and warn them to appear before God , the great Master of the world , to give an account of their stewardship ; that by the consideration of Gods proceeding in the day of Judgment , they might know the better how to prize the Remission of Sins in the day of Grace ; This he doth , by presenting to them a Parable , of a certain rich man , that had a steward who was accused unto him , that he had wasted his goods , calleth him to an account : and to the end that the Pharisees might not think that it was a matter to be jested withal , and that such considerations as these were to be slighted ; he telleth them , how the unjust steward having received this summons and warning from his Master , that he must come to a reckoning , he forthwith for his own temporal good , casteth about that he may the better be fitted to give up his account : thereby teaching them , and in them all the world , that if this steward here , ( for his own temporal benefit ) was thus careful to prepare himself , how much more should they , and every one be careful to prepare themselves for that great day of Account , wherein God will come to judge the World , and bring to light all things that are hid in darkness . In these words ye have two things considerable . A Narration , and An Application of the Parable . The Narration is two-fold . Of the Persons . Of the Proceedings . Of the Persons : in the first verse . A rich man , and his Steward . Of the Proceeding ; in the second verse : the Rich Man , upon the information made against his Steward that he had wasted his goods , calleth him to an account . Give an account of thy Stewardship , for thou maist be no longer Steward . The Steward ( in the third and fourth verses ) upon his summons falleth first to consult , and after to resolve , as we shall see afterward . In this verse then that I have read , you see here is first the Summons or warning . Give an account : Secondly , the reason of that Sammons , for thou mayest be no longer Steward , The day is ended , now give an account of thy work thou must go out of thy office ; now give an account how thou hast behaved thy self in thy office : thou must be no longer steward ; therefore give an account of thy stewardship . In the first , the Summons and calling of this Steward to an Account , ye have clearly offered to ye these two Propositions , Considerations , of Conclusions . First , That every man in the World is Gods Steward . Secondly , That every one of Gods Stewards must be brought to a reckoning . First , ( I say ) Every man in the World is Gods Steward . If ye ask me who it is that is called a Steward : The text tels ye , that it is he that must give an account to his Master . If you ask me who is the Master ? It is God. If then God be the Master , and if every man must give an account and reckoning to God , then every man is the Steward here intended in this Text. That every man must give a reckoning to God , it appeareth 2 Cor. 5.10 . We must all appear before the Judgement seat of Christ , to give an account of the things me have done in this life , whether they be good or evil . All men : That which is here expressed by the Apostle in plain terms , All men . Is more parrabollically and obscurely expressed by Christ in this word Steward . Give an account of thy Stewardship . So that the Conclusion remaineth clear , and is directly gathered from the Text. That every man in the World is Gods Steward . There is no man or woman in the world , but in some respect or other , is the Steward here , that must be called to an account . That every man is a Steward , will appear if we consider two things . First , what every man receiveth from God. Secondly , what God expects from every man. Man receiveth from God , that which a Steward doth from his Lord. God expects from every man , that which a Lord expects from his Steward . First ( I say ) man receiveth from God that which a Steward doth from his Master : That is , such goods , such abilities , as whereby he may be of use for such a place , as the Master shall set him in the family . All the World is but Gods great Family , all the fittings and endowments of men , are the talents , the gifts , that God hath intrusted men with : some have the gifts of the world , riches , and places of authority , these are gifts committed to those kind of Stewards : Others have the gifts of the body , as health and strength , their senses , and lives , and the like : these are gifts committed to these kind of Stewards : others have the gifts of the mind , understanding , and wisdome , and policy : and to all these some have spiritual graces . According as men are furnished with these gifts , and according to their several qualifications with these endowments , they all receive them from God as Stewards . Secondly , if we consider what God expects from men : he expects that which a Lord doth from his Steward . First , that they acknowledge him to be the chief , to acknowledge that they hold all from him , that they have it not from themselves or for themselves , this is that which every Master expects from him to whom he committeth his treasure : And this would God have all men do . God speaks that truly that Benhadad spake proudly , and falsly to the King of Israel : thy silver is mine , and thy gold is mine , and thy daughters and wives are mine , and thy vineyards and thy orchards are mine . So may God say truly , All are his , the earth ( saith David ) is the Lords and the fulness thereof . He is the great possessor of all things . God ( as he possesseth all things ) so he letteth out parcels of his possessions to the sons of men . To some a larger portion of the earth than to others , yet they are but Tenants at will ; and Tenants upon certain conditions and reservations , wherein this great Lord bindeth those that hold any thing of him . And the first Condition , or Reservation that he ties all his Stewards unto , is this , that they waste not his goods , that they scatter them not abroad vainly or unprofitably . Now a man that hath riches , if he relieveth not the poor : a man that hath authority , and helpeth not the oppressed : a man that hath wisdome , and instructeth not the ignorant . In a word , A man that hath any abilities , if he be not of use unto others with it , this man scattereth his Masters goods , and is like that unprofitable servant , that hid his Talent in a napkin , and therefore was bound hand and foot , and cast into utter darkness . This was the accusation that was brought against this Steward here , that he had wasted the goods of his Lord ; that is , that he had spent them vainly , he was no honour to his Master , there came no profit to the houshold by it . That 's the first . The second thing that this great Lord expects of all his Stewards , is , that as they do not scatter his goods , nor vainly waste them , so that they should not abuse them to ill ends . There are a generation of men in the world that fight against God with his own weapons , and that use all their strength , and wisdome , and power , to maintain a faction of rebellion against him : that side with the wicked of the world against his Laws and Ordinances : and this is the greatest unthankfulness that can be . If a King should raise a servant to honour , and bestow offices and dignities upon him , and yet if he should raise an Army against him , and set himself against all his Laws , What greater unthankfulness ? What greater enmity ? Therefore it was the speech of that parrabolical King in Luke 19. ( which is Christ the King of the Church ) these mine enemies that would not that I should reign over them , bring them hither , and stay them before me . Such is the state of all those men that have wealth and abuse it , consume it upon their lusts , ( as Saint James speaks ) upon their pride , in excess in apparel , meats ; &c. that have wit , and spend it like Turtullus to cry down the wayes of God , to harden themselves and others in the course of sin : that have greatness and authority , and mis-imploy it to the crushing of good persons , and good causes : these and the like are Stewards that abuse their Masters goods , mis-imploy them to his dishonour , these Christ counteth his enemies , and he will not bear it . There is a third thing that God expects of all his Stewards , and that is this , that they should do him Homage , that they should appear at his Court dayes . Gods Sabbaths are Gods Court dayes , wherein he calleth and assembleth his servants together . He will have every one to wait there upon him , that they may know his will : as Cornelius bringeth his family together , and saith he , We are all present to hear what is commanded thee of God. So God ( I say ) will have his servants present at his Court dayes : and not only so , not only to be present there , to here his will , and to understand his mind , but to submit to his orders , to yeeld obedience to his Laws , to be governed by his rules . God hath certain rules to which he will have every man subject , there be rules for Magistrates , for Ministers , for Masters , for Parents , for Servants , for Children , for all : and he is a rebel , and carrieth not himself as Gods Steward , that doth not keep the rules that God hath set up in his own house . Again fourthly ; God expects this from all his Stewards , that whensoever he sendeth his Bayliffs for rent , that they return him the fruit of his own ground . Every soul is Gods ground , from which God expects some fruit or other , and he sends his Bayliffs , his Servants , continually to gather these fruits from men . When he sends a poor man to the rich , there 's a Bayliff sent to him , to gather some fruit of his wealth . When he sends an oppressed man to those that are in authority , there 's a Bayliff sent to him , to gather the fruit of his power and greatness . When he sends an ignorant man to those that have wisdom and knowledg , there 's a Bayliff sent to him , to gather the fruit of his Knowledge . And so we may say of all things whatsoever : whatsoever endowments of body , or mind , or estate , any man hath , if another need it , that other is Gods Bayliff , sent to him to call for his rent , to call for the fruit of his ground , and thou must return it by such a one , for thou art but a Steward : and you know how fearful the proceedings of the great King was in Matt. 21. He sent his servants to the Husbandmen , to those to whom he had let out his ground , to receive the fruits of it , and there was none ; what was the issue of it ? He was full of wrath : and cometh upon the Husbandmen and slew them . So when God shall send the poor to thee for relief , and thou helpest him not : shall send the ignorant to thee for instrustion , and thou informest him not : shall send any one to thee that may have use of thy gifts and abilities , and thou doest not imploy them that way , thou deniest the great Lord the fruit of his own ground , and art of the number of those Husband-men that must expect this at his hands to be slain in his wrath . Ye see the Point opened , That all men are Gods Stewards , both in respect of what God hath bestowed on them , and what God doth expect from them . I come briefly now to make some use of this . Are all men Gods Stewards ? Then certainly there is some work required of every man in the world by vertue of this title put upon him , that he is Gods Steward . It concerns therefore , Every one to look to his place . There are two things required of every Steward . First , a dispensation . Secondly , a right ordering of his dispensations . First a Dispensation . For a Steward ye know is appointed for laying out , he is made for others , not for himself , for the good of the Family in which he is set , not for his own benefit . God hath made every creature to be for the use of others , and not for it self : those heavenly bodies , the Sun , and Moon , and Stars , their motion and influences are for us , for the service of the world : the Earth with the fruits of it ; the Beasts , and all are for the service of man. So every man in his several place , hath some work to do for others , some abilities given him for the service of others . Hence it is , that the Magistrate is said to be the Minister of God for the peoples good . Hence it is , that Ministers are said to be the servants of the Churches . I am a debtour ( saith Paul ) to the Jew , and to the Gentiles , to the Greeks , and to the Barbarians . Hence it is , that a Master of a Family is said to be worse than an Infidel , if he provide not for those of his own house . And every other Christian ( though he stand not in these relations to others ) he hath some gifts or other , that are to be laid forth for the use and advantage of others , and every private person in the world , he may be of some use or other in the place in which he is set . Hence it is , that the name of Brother is common to all Christians , and ye know Joseph acknowledged that he was preferred to those honours , and that authority and place , for the good of his Brethren , for his Fathers house : so should all Gods ' people acknowledge other Christians their Brethren , and that whatsoever parts they have , they have them for the good of the Family . Hence it is , that Christians are called Members one of another ; Every Member is of use to the whole body , so must every Christian be of use to another , to some by the riches of the body , to some by the riches of the mind , to some by the abilities of their estates , every one according to the treasure he is intrusted with , and the Talent that is committed to him . This is the first thing , that men must make conscience to do , to be dispencers of their goodness , of any thing they have , to be communicative , to defuse and extend themselves to others , as occasion shall be offered . And indeed where there is any goodness in a man , he will express it this way , by doing all the good to others he can . Secondly , it is required of a Steward , that he consider of the manner , and right ordering of his dispensations . There be two Rules for that . That he dispense Faithfully . Wisely . Who ( saith the Lord in that 12 Luke 42. ) is a faithful and wise Steward , whom his Lord shall make ruler over his houshold , &c. Gods Stewards ye see must in their dispensations be faithful and wise . First , they must be faithful . Fidelity appears in this , when they have a right End , and a right Rule to walk by . What is the End and Rule of a faithful Steward in all his dispensations in the house of his Master ? His Masters credit , and his Masters will ; His Masters honour , and his Masters command . So it must be in the house of God. If we would be faithful in our places , let Gods glory be our end , and his Word our rule . That is , let a man consider , what God in his Word commands him in such a place , in such a qualification , having such endowments , such parts , such abilities , and let him dispense these by that Rule , according to that Command , to the glory of God that gave them him . Thus was Moses a faithful Steward , faithful as a servant in all the house of God , so the Apostle saith of him , Heb. 3.5 . His Masters glory was his end , and therefore when once he saw his Master dishonoured by Idolatry , he could not then contain himself , but his Anger waxed hot , though he was the meekest man upon earth . And his Masters Will was his Rule , therefore he came down from the Mountain with the Tables in his hand , that it might appear what he made his guide , and direction in all his carriage amongst the people : and we shall find that in all the doubts of the people , either in matter of Command or punishment , he alwayes sought direction from God. He is no faithful Servant that doth not do this . Secondly , As he must be a faithful Steward in dispensing , so he must be wise in his dispensing too . What is the wisdom of Gods Stewards ? Not the wisdom drawn from the writings of Machivile , or the wisdome of the World , or of the flesh , for that is enmity against God , not drawn from the rules that politicians walk by : But that wisdome that is drawn out of the Scriptures , the Word of God : The Word of God ( saith the Apostle ) is able to make the man of God wise to salvation : this is the wisdom that Gods servants must express , and manifest in dispensing of their gifts , they must be made wise by the Word , they must seek wisdom from the Word the rule of Wisdom , from the Examples in the Word , of those that were guided by the Spirit of Wisdom , if they would be wise Stewards . They must compare the precepts of the Word , and the practise of the Saints together : see what God commandeth in such a place , in such a condition , see what Gods servants that are gone before have done in such a condition . Mark how Abraham and Job , and others of Gods Saints have imployed their wealth and authority , it was for the relieving of the poor , for the furtherance of Gods glory , for the ease of those that were opprest : Mark how Nehemiah bestirred himself for the sanctifying of the Sabbath , for the furtherance of Gods worship : Mark again how St. Paul , as a Minister watched against the Wolves , and how he spends himself to the uttermost for the Church of God. Mark how Abraham as a Master of a Family , governed his Family teaching and commanding his children and his houshold to walk in the way of the Lord : Mark how other of Gods servants have imployed their gifts ; As Sampson , all his strength for the Church : and so Solomon , all his wisdom , and whatsoever gift any of them had , they acknowledged that the Talents that were committed to them , were for God , and for the service of his Church , for the furtherance of his glory in the particular places that he had set them in . I say if men would be wise Stewards they must doe thus . But I cannot stand upon this , lest I be prevented in that which I most intend in that that followeth . Ye have heard who is the Steward : It is every one that hath received any ability from God to do him service ; God expects that he should employ that ability in his service . We come now in the second place to consider the reckoning which every Man must make , the account that every man must give of his Stewardship . And that ( as ye have heard ) in the second point of Doctrine that offers it self to us out of the first part of the Text , viz. That all Gods Stewards must give a reckoning one time or other unto God. As every Man in the world is Gods Steward , so every Steward must give an account . In opening of this I will shew ye two things . First , I will shew ye what time of Reckoning God hath with his Stewards . Secondly , I will shew ye why God judiciously proceedeth in this manner , called a Reckoning , or an Account . For the first . There are two times of Reckoning that God will have with his Stewards . The first in this Life . The second after death . First , he calleth them to account in this life , while they live on the Earth , and that two ways ; By his Word . By his Rodd . First , by his Word , hastning every man to an Account by the Gospel , and the Doctrine of Repentance . This course God himself took with Adam , called him to account for his carriage in the Garden : Adam ( saith he ) where art thou ? who told thee that thou were naked ? hast thou eaten of the tree whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat ? Afterwards when God sent his Prophets into the World , they took the same course , so Elijah when he came to Ahab , hast thou killed , and also taken possession ? as if he should have said , know that God hath found out thy sin , and now calleth thee to a reckoning . So John Baptist , when he came to the Pharisees , and those hard-hearted sinners , he calleth them to a reckoning , Oh Generation of vipers , who hath warned ye to flee from the wrath to come ? So Peter called those three thousand souls in Acts 2. to a Reckoning for crucifying of Christ ; him ( saith he ) who is the Lord of life , ye have taken , and with wicked hands have crucified and slain . And because there are many , that like the Adder , stop their ears at the voice of the Charmer ; and if God speak but in his Word , they pass it by , as Elihu in job saith , God speaks once , yea twice , yet man perceiveth it not , therefore when the Word doth not prevail , God calleth them to a reckoning by his Rodd , Mic. 6.9 . Hear the rodd , and him that appointeth it , that is : God hath appointed scourges and afflictions for men , to awake them to hearken to the voice that calleth them to a Reckoning . Now afflictions are outward or inward , corporal or spiritual . God sometimes calleth men to an account by corporal afflictions : He smiteth man ( as he saith ) with paines upon his bed , and the multitude of his bones with strong pains . What 's the reason of this , but that man may come to this conclusion with himself , that he may bring his own heart to a reckoning for his former carriage ? This is that the Apostle faith , for this cause many are weak and sickly among you , and many sleep : some were taken with sickness , upon others there was a consuming weakness , and others were strucken with death , what is the end that God propounds in all this ? For this reason , that we should judge our sevles , for if we judge our selves , wee shall not be judged of the Lord , but when we are judged wee are chastned of the Lord , that we should not be condemned of the world . As if he should say ; God now calleth you to a reckoning in this life , to the end you may prevent that heavy and grievous one that comes after this life . Againe , when outward afflictions prevail not , God hath spiritual afflictions to awaken men . Thus David , when he was in a deepe sleep of securitie , God awakned him with a spiritual judgment : see his speech in the 32 Psal . When I kept close my sinnes my boues were consumed , and I roared for the disquietnesse of my soul ; what followed ? God by this means brought him to confession , I will confesse my transgressions to the Lord , and thou forgavest the iniquitie of my sinne . Thus God in this life calleth men to a reckoning , sometimes by the preaching of the Word , sometimes by judgments upon the outward man , or by terrours upon the soule . But , if all this prevaile not to make a man reckon with himselfe in this life , then God hath another reckoning after this life , where every man must give an account , and cannot avoid it , and there he must abide the sentence of the Judg , that would not prevent it before . That there is such a Judgment to come it appeareth ; By the Equitie of it By the Necessitie of it In respect of God. In respect of the Saints . In respect of the wicked . First ( I say ) in respect of God , there is a necessitie of it . That his Decree may be fulfilled and executed . Hee hath appointed a day wherein he will judge the world in righteousnesse . And his counsell shall stand , and he will doe all his pleasure . Secondly , it is necessary , that Gods honour may be vindicated . Now things seeme to go in some confusion and disorder in the world ; good men , the children of God are not alwayes best in the place of judgment , I have seene ( saith Solomon ) an evil under the Sunne , that in the place of judgment wickednesse was there , and in the place of righteousnesse , that iniquitie was there ; this observation Solomon makes , therefore I said , God will bring to judgement every thing , both good and evill , for there is a time for every work , and every purpose . God hath a time to doe that great work that he hath now purposed : What is that work ? that is to bring every work to judgement , whether it be good or evill . I say if we consider this , it is necessary that there should come a judgment , that shall set all right againe . It is necessarie likewise in respect of the Saints . The very tribulations of the Saints , in 2 Thes . 1.5 . are called Indigma , an evident demonstration , or a manifest token of the righteous judgment of God. There is a necessitie of it in respect of them , in two regards . First , that there innocencie that is traduced here may be manifest . They undergoe many disgraces , and hard censures amongst men : the world accounts them proud , hypocrites , singular , foolish , vaine-glorious , and I know not what : now saith Iob , my witnesse is in heaven ; and saith Saint Paul , I care not to be judged of you , or of mans judgment ; he that judgeth me is the Lord. The Word in the Greek is , mans day ; as if he should say , Men have their day here , but God hath a greater day after , the Lord will judg in another manner , and upon other grounds than men doe . Secondly , it is necessary also , That their works may be rewarded . When we speak of reward , wee meane not the reward of merit , wee meane the reward of grace , called a reward , because God is tied to it by his promise . The servants of God , though they serve him with all care , they have not the fatt of the earth as sometimes the Ishmaels of the world have , they doe not abound with outward things as many others doe : nay , sometimes they are in the worst condition , and that makes Gods wayes the more despised , as if God were not able to maintaine his servants in the world in his wayes and worke . God therefore hath a time when his servants shall have full measure heaped up , pressed down , shaken together , and running over . When God shall make up his jewels ( as he saith in Malac. 3. ) then shall yee discerne between the righteous and the wicked , between him that serveth God , and him that serveth him not . Marke , yee shall discerne , God will make it appeare to the whole world , in the day when he makes up his jewels , that not withstanding his servants are dispised and lie here under divers pressures , yet that they are a people whom he delights in , and accounteth as his treasures . Thirdly , it is necessarie in respect of the wicked too : that is , First , that Gods righteousnesse may fully be manifested . Secondly , that their unrighteousnesse may fully bee punished . First I say , that Gods righteousnesse may fully bee manifested , therefore the day of Judgment in Rom. 2.5 . is called a day of wrath and revelation of the righteous Judgment of God : As if he should say : As God will manifest his wrath against the vessels of wrath , so he will make it appear to the world , that he proceedeth in a right manner , and by a right rule in judging . For wee must know , that howsoever God cannot bee unjust , and how soever that the ungodly men in this life contend with their owne consciences , such is the hardnesse of their hearts , and abundance of corruption that they would faine justifie themselves amongst men : and againe , howsoever it bee true that the soule when it is departed out of the body is under Gods particular judgment by an intelectuall elevation of it , that it may receive the sentence of the Judge , by an illumination , and by such a spiritual , and contemplative discourse , and observation , and understanding of Gods actions , as that by reflection upon it selfe , it may know it selfe to be accursed , or acpuitted , and accordingly is entred into the possession either of happinesse or miserie . Yet all this is secret in the world , till the day of Gods tribunall come , wherein secret things shall be made manifest , and things that have beene done in darknesse , shall appeare before men and Angels . Secondly , Gods justice must be cleared , and fully manifested , so the wicked and unrighteous must be fully punished ; They are not fully punished , when they are under the sense of Gods wrath in this life , or when the soule is judged at death , there must be yet a further degree for all this . And there be these two reasons for it . The first is , because the wicked not only sinne in soule , but in body too , the body hath beene the instrument of the soule in sinning , and therefore it cannot serve the turne , that the soule is punished , and the body lie in the grave ; no , but those that have joyned in sin , must also joyne in Punishment . Secondly , howsoever the sinfull actions of the wicked are transcient , and seem to die with them , yet in respect of the contagion and evill effects , these actions worke upon others , and upon posteritie bp the ill example of their predecessors ; the actions , I say of those wicked men continue to the day of Judgement . Thus wee shall see the Iewes , in Ierem. 44. revived the sinnes of their fathers . Our fathers ( say they ) made cakes to the Queene of heaven , and so will wee . So the succeeding Kings of Israel , that went on in the steps of Ieroboam , who made Israel to sin , they continued the sin of Ieroboam . As long as men goe on in the steps , and sins of their forefathers , the sins of their forefathers live . So that some mens sinnes by a continued imitation , are perpetuated to the day of Judgment , therefore their must be a judgment then , that may fill up a measure proportionable to their sin . This was that that Dives feared in Hell , and that made him crie out as he did , that one might goe and tell his bretheren upon earth , that they might not come into that place ; Why would he have them tell his brethren ? was there such love to the kingdome of Christ in hell , that Dives would have his brethren converted ? no such matter . Was it love to the souls of his brethren , that he would not have them damned ? no such matter neither . What then ? Certainly it was nothing else , but a sence of his own guilt , he knew what evill example he had given , and what a counseller he had been to his brethren , and if they should go on in his steps , and their children follow the same steps , all this would but adde to his punishment , and torment in the great day , when soule and body shall be joyned together , to make up the full measure of their torment . For this reason , I say , it is therefore necessary that their should be a judgement after this life , at the end of the world . The second thing remaineth , and that is , why the holy Ghost expresseth Gods proceedings , by way of reckoning , or calling to an account ? What need the Lord reckon with men , he may proceed by way of a Judge , but he saith , come give an account of thy Stewardship ? I answer ; There are four things implied in this , all shewing the manner of Gods proceedings , at the day of Judgment with his Stewards , that it shall be like the proeedings of a Master with his servants in an account and reckoning . The first is this , that it shall be a proceeding in particulars . God shall then proceed not by grosse sums , and in the total ; ye have done evil in the general : none will deal thus with an Accountant , but he will run over the particulars , and Account for pounds , for pence , for every thing . Thus God will deal with all his Stewards , when he bringeth them to a reckoning , he will reckon on particulars , for all things that he hath enabled them with for his service . Those that are rich men ; first , how they have gotten their estates , whether they have built their houses as a moth , as Job speaks , that is , raised their estates , to the hurt of others , as men do that raise themselves by usury , and oppression , and fraud , and bribery , and such like courses . Secondly , how they have kept their wealth , whether with the injury of others with-holding the goods from the owners thereof , from the poor , for I call them in case of want the owners of their goods , because God hath given them to his Stewards for their sakes : therefore mark how Saint James expresseth it ; Go to now yee rich men , weepe and houle , why so ? your riches are corrupted , and your garments moth eaten , your gold and silver is cankered , &c. As if he should say , you have been hoarding up your treasures , you had rather be laying of it up , then laying of it out , and therefore because you have not laid out your estates for the service of your master , rust is come upon your gola , and the moth hath eaten into your garments , ye have heaped treasure together for the last day . Thirdly , how they have spent what they have had , whether on their lusts or no ; Ye ask and have not ( faith S. James ) because ye ask amiss , to spend it on your lusts ; so ye lay out amiss , ye spend it on your lusts . When men for pride in apparel , for excesse at their tables , for vain buildings , for sinfull upholding of wickednesse , for unnecessary , and injurious proceedings in law sutes , or in what soever indirect course men lay out their estates , it is a mis-spending of their Masters goods . And as he that hath got his wealth unjustly , and he that keepeth it unjustly , shall give an account , so he that layeth it out in a confused , sinful , profuse way , shall be called to give a reckoning for that . And not only for matter of a estate , but besides , for matter of place and authority . Moses knew this well enough , and therefore when he was to go out of the world , he first cleares all reckonings with the people of Israel : I have been a Ruler thus long , let any man come and stand up and say , I have done him wrong : let every man come & clear me this day before the Lord , that I have walked all my life-time unblameably , inoffensively , promoting the glory of God , and suppressing all the evill that I could with my might : this was the account that Moses made with the people of Israel before he died , that he might lift up his head with comfort in the day of the Lord. Thus it must be with you , ye must give an account of your places . And so for the state of your bodies . The health thou hast had : how hast thou spent thy strength and thy health ? Mark the speech of the Wise man to the young man , Rejoyce ( faith he ) in the dayes of thy youth ; as if he should say : Doe if thou wilt ; do if thou dare , but know that for all these things thou must come to judgment . Now thou hast a great deale of health , a great deal of strength , but hast thou been the better for Gods service ? hast thou imployed it fot Gods glory or no ? And so for the members of thy body , thou must give an account for thy imployment of those instruments . Thy tongue : every idle word ( faith Christ ) that men shall speak , they shall give an account of , at the day of judgment . If for every idle word , what then for thy swearing and cursing , and lying ? what for the abundance of filthy obscene , and rotten communication that cometh out of thy mouth . Thou must give an account for thy tongue . And so for every member and for every sense , I cannot stand upon particulars . Thou must give an account likewise for the gifts of thy mind , how thou hast imployed thy wisdome and learning , and experience , &c. For all thy passions : he that is angry with his brother unadvisedly , is in danger of judgment . For all the disposition , and inclinations of thy heart , for out of the heart cometh thefts and murthers , and adulteries . In a word , whatsoever ability thou hast , whereby thou mightest have been benificial , and serviceable to the Church and Common-wealth , thou must give an account of it in particular unto God , he will call thee to a reckoning of every parcel by it selfe . The Master ( in the Gospel ) that gave the talents to his servants , he called them to an account for every talent he gave them : so there must be a particular enumeration to God of all those severall abilities wherewith he hath fitted thee for his service , how thou hast behaved thy selfe in matter of health , strength , and time ; in thy senses , in the members of thy body , how with thy mind , how with the dispositions of thy soule , how in all the gifts and endowments he hath intrusted thee with , for the service of the Church and Common-wealth . Secondly , it is called a reckoning , because in this reckoning , God will go by a method , keep an order , such an order as men doe in reckoning with their accountants , every thing hath his due place : God will proceed to give every one in the day of judgment his due place ; and ye shall find then , many sinnes that ye have accounted the lightest of all , will be the most heaviest , and grievous at that day . I will set thy sinnes in order before thee , saith God in Psal . 50. He had reckoned them up confusedly here , these things thou hast done , but , I will set them in order before thee . God will observe such an order , as every thing shall have its due place , its due head . In the first place shall be that Apostacie , whereof all Adams posterity are guilty . This David saw , and therefore when he judged himselfe , he judged himselfe as one born in sinne . I was borne in sinne , and in sinne hath my mother conceived me . In the next place shall bee that concupiscence , that depravation of nature , from whence all actual sinnes proceed . This Saint Paul knew , and therefore he bewaileth it as the original , and root of all other actual sinnes , Rom. 7. God will begin first with the sins of the heart , because thence cometh all the outward actions of the whole man. Then all the outward actions . Hee will begin first with those against the first Table , Atheisme , Infidelity , Prophanenesse , contempt of God , and his service , neglect of his glory , and the opportunites he hath given us . And when the Law and the Gospel come together , he will proceed more severely , for the sinnes against the Gospel , then the Law. That is the reason that our Saviour telleth us , that it shall be easier for Sodome and Gomorah , then Capernaum at the day of Iudgment . Why so ? Sodome and Gomorah had the Law , but Capernaum had the Law and the Gospel too : And ( faith the Apostle Heb. 10. ) If they that obeyed not Moses law died , of how much s●…rer judgment shall they be guiltie of , that disobey the Gospel of Christ , the Law of faith ? Thus God will proceed . And therefore , when ye would exercise repentance , follow Gods order , mourn more for impenitency , and infidelity , then for other things . Be more humbled for sinnes against the first Table ; for prophannesse , for Atheisme , and neglect of God , then for sinnes against the second , though these must be lamented ; and repented of too . Againe , be more in lamenting the inward sinful disposition of thy heart , then thy outward sinful actions : and forget not the original root of all , which we brought with us into the world . I say , mark Gods method , and his order : that which he takes most notice of at the day of judgment , lay that to thy thoughts , and take greatest notice of it now . It is a grievous thing for a man to be borne in sinne , but to adde actual sinnes to that , it is more grievous . For a man to sinne in thought , and in heart is grievous , but to adde actual sinnes to those , it is more grievous . It is a grievous thing for a man to sin against righteousnesse , to deale unjustly with men , but to deale unrighteously with God in point of his worship , is more grievous . It is a grievous sinne for a man to disobey the law of God , but to disobey the law of faith , to delay repentance , to deferre turning unto God , is far more grievous . Thus we should mark Gods order , that he will observe , when he bringeth us to a reckoning . Thirdly , It is called a reckoning , because God will proceed with men at that day ( as Masters with their servants ) by writings , by books . In the tenth of Daniel , the booke was opened , and in the 20. Revel . there is mention made of bookes that should be opened . God will proceed with all his Stewards , upon books that shall be opened . The bookes are either the book of the law , that shewes what wee should have done : The words that I speak ( faith Chirst ) the same shall judge you at the last day . And there is one that judgeth you , even Moses that is read daily . And then secondly , there is the book of conscience , that shewes what wee have done here : God will put the memories of men to the taske , as Abraham did Dives , Son remember that thou in thy life-time hadest thy pleasure . So remember that thou in thy life time haddest riches , but how didst thou imploy them ? remember that thou hadest Authority , and office , and place in the Church of the Common-wealth , but what service didest thou doe to God ? remember that thou haddest wisedome , and learning , and knowledg , but what good had the Church or Common-wealth by it ? God I say , will put every mans memory to the task , what opportunities are lost carelesly ; nay , what opportunities he avoyded wilfully , when he might have done God better service , yet lest he should be disadvantaged in his by-respects in the world he bauked them : remember this . The sins of Judah ( saith God ) are written with a pen of Iron , and with the point of a Diamond , they are graven upon the table of their hearts . God hath the sins of men graven on the table of their hearts . Little dost thou that art an old man , think of a thousand things , that God will bring against thee , that were done in thy youth . Job little thought till the day of his affliction , when God made him possesse the sins of his youth , that there was such aboundance of guilt against him as there was . God will remember that , that thou hast forgot . God will proceed by bookes , and this will clear Gods justice in his proceedings , and make every thing appeare righteous in the sight of men and Angels , because every mans conscience shall testifie against himselfe , and therefore the mouth of all ungodly men shall be stopped at the day of the Lord , they shall have nothing to say for themselves , why justice should not proceed against them . Here ( will god say ( I find so much given to usury ; so much gotten by usury ; so much spent in vain ; so much kept injuriously from the furtherance of Gods worship , and planting the Gospel where it was wanting ; so much kept from benefiting the Church and Common-wealth , in publick , in private ; so much from helping the poor : here I find it , how comes it here ? was it not written with thy own hand ? was it not thy selfe that made this impression upon thy conscience by thy owne guilt ? What wilt thou say for thy selfe ? hath any one accused thee wrongfully ? hath any one wrote it by mistake ? No , all is done with thy own hand , and you cannot deny your own hand writing , when it is brought to your face . Hath any one had the keeping of this book of thy conscience ? hast thou not alwayes had it in thy owne Possession ? what canst thou alledge for thy selfe ? . I know ( beloved ) and it is true , that there are many other waies whereby ungodly men shall be accused at the last day : God himselfe shall accuse thee , and be a swift witness against thee , the Saints shall accuse thee , wicked men shall accuse thee , the Divels shall accuse thee : but the main proceeding , and that that shall cleare Gods justice , and stop the mouthes of all ungodly men , is this , that the accusation is by their owne hand-writing , their owne book shall accuse them , that they have wasted their Lords goods and mis-spent them . The fourth and last thing wherein this proceeding at the last day , shall be like a reckoning is this : That there shall an account be made in measure , and proportion to the trust committed to men . The Master when he reckoneth with his servant , he calleth him to account , not for some lesser sums , or for some one or two things , but for all that he hath intrusted him with , and if one servant have more then another , his account shall be greater then anothers , according to the greatnesse of that that is committed to him , so shall the largnesse of his reckoning be ; to whom much is given , of them much is expected , and to whom little , little is expected ; but of every one something is expected , because every one is a Steward . The reckoning , I say , it shall be according to the difference of gifts and endowments , wherewith we are intrusted . When the Master in the Gospel , called his servants to an account for the Talents , we see he that had ten Talents , made account for ten , and he that had five , for five , and he that had one , was called to an account but for one , every one for so much as he had received . He that hath received bodily abilities of health , and strength shall account for that : He that hath had wealth and an estate in the world , shall make an account further for that . He that hath had all these , and authority and place , wherein he had power to doe right , and to glorifie God amongst men , he must make an account for so much the more . Alas beloved , if men consider , that the more wealth , they heap up , and the more places of authority , and preferments , they have in the world , their accounts shall be greater at the day of the Lord , certalnly it would make them more sober , and walke more humbly , and watchfully , it would make them so much the more industrious , to improve their talents , to the best advantage of their Lord that intrusted them with them . So much for the opeining of the point . I will conclude briefly with a few uses of it . Ye see ( Beloved ) not onely that all are Gods Stewards , but that all Gods Stewards shall be brought to a reckoning , brought to it in this life , and in a nother . Ye see why it is called a reckoning , why God will proceed with men in this manner . The first Use then shall be for confutation of those Atheists , that put farr from them the feare of the day of Judgment . Is it possible that there should be a generation of the world , that should doubt of the Judgment to come ? Nay , shall we go further and come neerer , not only in the world but in the Church , that there should be such as doubt of the time and day ? By that that is done daily , it appears that there be many at this day in the Church , that doubt of a Judgment day . First , do but try mens courses . What sins do they most fear , and most avoid ? by that ye shall know what Judgment they fear and what they fear not . They fear only such sins as in the course of justice , men and their laws take hold of : such as are only a breach of the second Table . Men will not be injurious to men , lest men proceed in mans justice against them . But how cometh it to passe that there is so little regard of God ? of reverence of his name ? of setting up his worship in their houses , and in their hearts ? Certainly you doe not think that God will be as exact in his judgment , in matters that concerne his owne honour immediately , as any man will be in cases that are brought before him . Againe , do not men feare those outward actions which expose them to the censure of men on earth , and unto punishment here ? But in the meane time they feare not evill affections , and the motions of sin in their owne hearts . A man would not be took with open these , yet neverthelesse he useth fraud , when men cannot discerne it . A man would not be tooke with murther , yet neverthelesse he is full of malice and envie , and repining , Why is this , but because men acknowledg not a judgment to come ? They feare not the judgment of God , wherein he will bring the breaches of the first Table to an account , as well as those of the second , and the secret thoughts , and sinnes of the heart , to a reckoning , as well as outward actions . Such mockers there were in the time of Saint Peter , against whom he speakes in his second Egistle , and third chapter . We will a little observe the method of the Apostle , that we may see how he discovereth them . ●…ay the mockers , there shall be no Judgment . There shall , saith the Apostle . How can that be ? ●…ve not all things continued as they were , since the begining of the Creation for so many thousand yeares ? And why should we think that there should come any alteration after , more then before ? Yee are deceived ( saith he ) all things have not continued alike , the world was drowned by water . But if they doe continue , it is by the word of God , and that Word that gave a beeing to them , that Word will put an end to them , God can as easily by his Word destroy all things , as by his Word he made all things . But some will say , by what instrument will he destroy the world ? By sire . How can that be , for that is one of the main parts , the main matter whereof things were made , and shall that be the destruction of that whereof it is made ? Yes ( saith the Apostle , ) All things were made by water too , and yet they were destroyed by water , and why not then by fire ? But God deserreth the promise of his coming ? What of that ? He putteth it not quite off , though he deferre , yet it is not long with God , for there is no time long to him that is eternal . and in that he deserreth , it is that some men may be brought to salvation , and others made inexcusable . Thus the Apostle takes off all objections of the Atheists of the world , and sheweth that there shall be a day of Judgment . Secondly , it serveth for instruction . If there shall be such a Judgment to come , if God will have such a time of rekconing with all his Stewards in the world , Then it teacheth us first , not to busie our selves in judging one another , why ? because there shall a time come of Gods Judgment . Who art thou ( saith the Apostle ) that judgest thy brother ? we shall all stand before the Judgment seate of Christ . As if he should say ; What a bold part ? what a presumptuous part is this , that thou shouldest judg thy brother ? Dost thou not know that there is one that shall judge him and thee ? is it fit that he that is a prisoner at the Barre should come and leap up into the place of the Judg , and sit in his seat ? Ye are all fellow prisoners together , and ye must all stand before the Judgment fear of Christ . So in another place the same Apostle , when he would take men off from judging , saith he , Judg nothing before the time : Why ? for the Lord will come , who both will bring to light , the hidden things of darknesse , and will make manifest the counsels of the hearts , and then shall every man have praise of God. As if he should say ; Thou art not able to judg aright , it may be that man that thou dispraisest , at that day may find praise with God. Secondly , Turn the Judgment on thy own heart , be more in Judging of thy self , that thou mayest not be Judged of the Lord. Will God call thee to a reckoning ? then begin to call thy self to a reckoning first . How shall that be done ? There is a double reckoning that every man must undergoe , that will avoid this reckoning with God. First , he must reckon with his own heart . Secondly with others . First with his own heart . Every man must take all the advantages , opportunities that God hath given , to reckon with himselfe . Doth God awaken thy conscience by the preaching of his word : Descend into thy own heart ? It is that that the Lord looks for , that a man should say , What have I done ? Doth God smite thee with some afflictions , if with losses ? reckon with thy self how thou hast gained thy wealth : If with disgraces , reckon with thy selfe about thy pride , and ambition , and vanitie of thy heart . If God smite thy body with sicknesse : reckon with thy self about the imployment of thy health , and the well usage of the times and seasons of grace . Every evening call thy self to an account ; What have I done this day ? where have I been ? In what company ? how have I carried my self there ? what good have Idone ? what good have I received ? In the matters of thy calling , reckon with thy self , with what heart thou hast followed it , with what care to conforme thy selfe to Gods word , the rule of righteousnesse . If thou hast been in pleasures , whether they were lawful , and if they were , whether they were lawfully used . Thus must every man reckon with his own heart ; as the Church in Lament . 3.39 . Wherefore is the living man sorrowful ? Man suffereth for his sin●… let us search our wayes ? and turne again to the Lord. There are many that 〈◊〉 to out-face God , and men , in their sins : but know this who-ever thou art , that if thou forbear to reckon with thy own heart , God will assuredly reckon with thee , thou must reckon here , or hereafter with thy self , or with God : therefore saith David Psal . 4 . Commune with your own hearts upon your beds ; that is , be sure to take time from your sleep , rather then to neglect this businesse of reckoning with your own hearts . Secondly , Reckon with others too . Let that man that is in authority , a Magistrate , so carry himself in his imployments , that he may reckon with the people , and give an account to them if need be , as Samuel did , Whose oxe have I taken ? or whose asse have I taken ? or whom have I defrauded ? whom have I oppressed ? or of whose hand have I received any bribe to blind mine eyes therewith ? The Lord ( saith he ) is a witnesse that ye have not found any thing in my hand . And not only so , but that they may be able to witnesse , that they have been great instruments of Gods glory , and of the good of others . Let Ministers reckon with the people committed to their charge , as Paul did , when he took his leave of the Ephesians , and was to go up to Jerusalem ; I take you to record this day ( saith he ) that I am pure from the blood of all men , for I have not shunned to declare to you the whole counsel of God , and I have kept back nothing that was profitable unto you , but have shewed you , and tought you publikely , and from house to house . And because I know that after my departure , there will somewhat remain to be done for Grievous wolves will enter in , not sparing the flock ; therefore I will be carefull that there be a succession of faithfull Ministers afther me , and therefore I give carge to the rest that follow , that they take heed to themselves and to the stook over which the holy Ghost hath made them overseers , to feed the Church of God , which he hath purchased with his own bloud . Let Masters , reckon with their Familes , their servants and children , whether they have done their duty as faithful Masters , not only in furthering the service of God , but also in furthering of them by instruction , and example to all good . Let those that are in a way of traffique , learn to reckon with those that they deal withal . If thou hast wronged any by unjust gain , thou must reckon with him by restitution : there is nothing that thou hast gotten unjustly , for which thou dost not reckon now , but ( as Saint James saith ) at that day shall eat they flesh as it were fire . Therefore Zacheus , when salvation was brought to his house , If I have done uujustly , and wronged any , I restore it . Doubtless there are many men that cloath themselves in Sattin and Velvet , and abound in all variety and bravery , that would now be houseless , and moneyless , and apparelless , it may be , if they should make restitution of their unjust gain . Well , do it , as ye love your own souls : you shall reckon as you are Gods Stewards with him , how you have come by every penny that you have in the world , and therefore goe about it now . Reckon with others also for works of mercy , what thou hast been wanting in to thy brethren : thou hast lived thus long in a plentifull estate , what hast thou done wich thy estate ? Josephus reckons up three several tenths that were expected and exacted of the Jews . Wouldest thou be less liberal now in the time of the Gospel , then they were under the law ? Is God lesse merciful ? or hath he less interest in thy estate ? Thou hast so many thousands , What hast thou done out of this to releeve the poor ? or to set up those in a course of traffique , and trade , that want a stock . Beloved you cannot ( if you look about you ) want objects of mercy , and means to further your reckoning at the day of the Lord. And if you would be faithful stewards to God , say thus : I have been thus much behind-hand in paying the due I owe to the poor , to the Church , &c. I will pay it while I live , and if that be not enough , when I die I will pay it . But I hasten . That is the second thing , Let every man reckon thus with his own heart . The third thing is , the daily exercise of repentance upon the sight of your former evils : God now ( saith the Apostle ) calleth all men every where to repentance , because he hath appointed a day , in which he will judge the world in righteousness . Let this then stir us up to repentance . God expects that men should judge themselves now . Fourthly , If you would stand at that great day of Judgement , when there shall be such an exact reckoning . Interest now your selves in Christ . There is no way to escape the Judgement to come , but by making peace with the Judge now . There is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Iesus . This was prefigured in the Mercy-seate , that was to be compassed about with the wings of the Cherubins , all covering the two tables of the Testament , one Cherubin to look toward another : shewing us thus much , that there is no covering of our transgressions committed against the commandements of God , the tables of the Testimony , but by the great Mercy-seat the Lord Jesus Christ , upon whome the Fathers of the times before Christ , and Beleevers since look , expecting the covering of the guilt of their sins from the wrath of God by no other means , but by this propitiator or Mercy-seat , that covereth the Arke of the Testimony . Lastly , it serveth also for instruction in another point , that is , To teach us to lead a holy conversation . This use the Apostle Peter made of the Doctrin of the day of Judgement , Seeing ( saith he ) that we locke for these things , what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godlidesse ? Alas ( beloved ) little do you know whether this be the last Sermon that many of you may heare , whether this be the last day wherein God will ever call upon you to repent , and amend your lives . There shall be a fearful dissolution , and destruction of all things that you see . There shall be a naked appearance made before the Judge at that day of reckoning : let every man therefore say within himself , How shall I stand at that time , at that Judgement ? All our care should be that of the Apostle Pauls , Whether we be absent from the body , or present in the body , we labour that we may be accepted of the Lord : Whether we live a day longer , or die this day before the morrow , that we may be found acceptable before the Lord. And for this cause ( saith he in another place ) because there shall be a resurrection from the dead , both of the just and unjust , I exercise my self to have alwayes a conscience void of offence toward God , and toward men . Look to it in your places , and in your hearts , that you may have a good conscience , void of offence toward God and men : for the time shall come , that nothing in the world shall stand you in stead , but a good conscience : and if then when the books are opened , it be found that your reckonings are even , and the accounts clear , between you and your Master , by obedience and repentance , by works and by faith , happy shall that servant be whome his Master at that day shall find so doing . The last Use , is a use of comfort to all the servants of God. Let them quietly , and cheerfully , suffer that portion of miserie , and affliction that the Lord dealeth out unto them . Let them not grudge at the prosperity of ungodly men , or at the variety of changes , that themselves are exposed unto ; because there is a day of reckoning , and account , when all things shall be made even . The Apostle Saint James exhorteth Christians to patience upon this very ground , because the day of the Lord draweth nigh . If therefore you see wicked men prosper , and bring their enterprises to passe , be not troubled at the matter . A man doth not much envy an enemy that is now in prison , though he have some good chear there , though he have some friends , that come and see him there , because he knows he is but a Prisoner , and he shall be brought out at the Assizes , and then he shall be righted . The world is the common Jayle , whereinto Adam was cast after he had sinned , and we are all prisoners in this prison-house : the enemies of Gods glory , and of his Church and people , they cannot escape out of this prison , here they are tied , Gods chains are upon them , and he will bring them to an account before his Judgement seate , and that before all men and Angels . With these things let us comfort and support our selves . A word concerning the present occasion . Yee have heard that all men are Gods Stewards : yee have heard that God hath a time , wherein he will call all his Stewards to an account : the fore-runners of this great account , shall be in this life , and after death , when God strikes men down by death , it is that they may be brought into his presence , and there receive the sentence , either of absolution or condemnation , as I shewed you before concerning the soul o man , in that intelectual manner receiving the sentence . It is appointed to all men once to die , and after that the Judgement . You have now a spectacle of mortality before you : one of Gods stewards took away , and called by death to give up his account . Concerning whom , it cannot be expected that I should say much , or any thing at all , specially by those that know both the condition of his living , and of his dying . For his living . It was not in the Citie , but for the most part , it was from us in the Country . For his dying . He was here but a day or two before he was taken hence . Hee came to the Citie in the extremity of his weaknesse , and it took him with some violence , as the nature of that disease , the stone , is . There was much expression expected from him : but it pleased God to make a sudden change more then we looked for , for ( as I said ) his disease seized on him with such violence , and extremity , that he had no space for any thing but to pray us , to pray with him , and for him That which we may learn from such examples as these , is this ; That we therefore be good Stewards in the time of our life . We know not what violent sicknesse may seize upon us , and how it may dis-inable us , to expresse our selves to men , or to set our reckonings even with God. Be serious therefore in the point , while you have health and strength . All of you are now called to a reckoning by the preaching of the Word and Gospel , if this will not prevail , expect another calling by sicknesse , by terrours of conscience , by death . You are not sure but that the next calling may be by death , as it was with this our brother ; let me put this therefore as a remembrance to every one of you , that you behave your selves as dying daily ; Remember thou art a Steward , and must give an account of thy Stewardship . Alexander had his Remembrancer . Saint Jerome had another Remembrancer , Whether I eat or drink ( saith he ) or whatsoever I do , me thinks I hear the voyce of the last trumpet , and of the Arch-Angel ; Arise you dead , and come to Judgment . Let me now be thy Remembrancer . Remember thou art a Steward , and that thou must be called to an account of thy Stewardship . When thou art in holy duties , remember thou must give an account with what strength thou servest God. When thou art in business , in thy family , remember thou must give an account how thou hast walked toward thy servants , toward thychildren , toward them that God hath given the. Thou that hast an estate , remember that thou must give an account to the great Lord , of the gitting , and of the spending of that estate . Thou that art in places of authoritie over others ; remember thou must give an account how thou comest to them , how thou hast behaved thy self in them . Let every one remember , that he must give an account of what service he hath done to his Master ; of what use he hath been unto God , and what to others : The more God hath been glorified , and others benefited , th● more shall our souls be comforted at that great day of appearance , when the lea●● smile of GODS countenance , will be worth a thousand worlds , and the testimony o● a good conscience , will be preferred before all the treasures of the Eearth . THE PRAISE OF MOURNING OR , MOURNING Preferred before MIRTH. SERMON II. ECCLESIASTES , 7.2 . It is better to go to the House of Mourning , than to the House of Feasting : for that is the end of all men , and the living will lay it to his heart . IN the former Chapter , the Wise Man had been shewing the vanity , and insufficiency of all earthly things to make a man happy , and how much the World is mistaken , in seeking happiness in any thing here below . In this Chapter , and those that follow , he cometh to direct men in the right way to find it , and sheweth them where they should seek it , and where they should find it : First he telleth them of a good name , in the first verse . A good name is better than pretious ointment . The second means is , a good death ; the day of death is better than the day of ones birth . The third is a right mourning ; it is better to go to the house of mourning , than to the house of feasting . Afterward he proceedeth to other particulars . But this he bringeth in upon the former , to prevent an objection that some might make : for having said that the day of death , is better then the day of ones birth ; some might object : What goodnesse can there be in death ? as for those that are dead , they cease to be , and they that are alive reap no benefit by it , but mourning , and there is little good , little happinesse in this , to exercise a mans thoughts about mournful objects ; Yes ( saith he ) it is better to go to the house of mourning , then to the house of feasting , for the living will lay it to his heart . And upon this he spendeth some time , because naturally we are exceeding backward , to beleeve that it is good for a man to be mourning upon earth . Others make the dependance of the words thus ; That Solomon having before shewed the vanity of riches , he doth in the six former verses of this Chapter , prefer even death it selfe , before wealth and abundance . And he sheweth wherein it is better . First in the Adjuncts . The Adjunct of death is mourning : the Adjunct of wealth and abundance is feasting : yet mourning is better then feasting . And because it seemeth a Parradox to every natural man , he cometh to confirm and prove it . By the Effects . In the third verse ; Sorrow is better then laughter , for by the sadnesse of the countenance , the heart is made better . Sorrow can do that for us that wealth cannot , it makes the heart better . By the different subjects in which they are . That same worldly mirth is in the heart of fooles . In the fourth verse : the heart of fooles , is in the house of mirth : but this mourning it is in the heart of the wise : the heart of the wise is in the house of mourning . By the Efficient cause . One cause of mourning is the rebukes of the wise . In the fifth verse ; It is better to hear the rebukes of the wise , then for a man to hear the song of fools . And then in the sixth verse by a Prolepsis , he prevents an objection that some might make . For whereas he had said that mourning was better then joy , some might say . It seemeth otherwise , there is delight in joy , there is none in mourning . He telleth them that that delight , it is but a very short delight , but as the cracking of thorns under a pot , it is but vanity . As the cracking of thorns under a pot , so is the laughter of a fool , this also is vanity . We will not stand much about the matter . So many severall men as handle this book , do severally connect and joyn the words together , according to their own conceits and opinions of them . It is evident , that in this verse that I have now read to you , the Wise man speaks of such a mourning , as is occasioned by the death of freinds . And he saith of that mourning , that it is better then to be in the house of feasting . That he speaks of such a mourning , appears by that which followeth : first he saith , that that is the end of all men , he speaks therefore of such a mourning , as is upon the end of men , upon the departure of men out of this world : and secondly he saith , the living will lay it to his heart : he speaks of such an end of men , as is opposite to the life of men . In a word . By the house of mourning , he meaneth a house wherein some one is dead , which giveth occasion to the parties that dwell there , of sorrow and mourning for their departed friend . It is better to go to such a house . By the house of feasting , he meaneth not only such a house wherein there is feasting , but also all manner of abundance : as commonly men shew their wealth in feasting . By the end of all men , he meaneth that which the Schools calls the end of termination . Now there is a twofold end of termination ( as they speak ) either Positive , or Privative . A Positive end , as a point is the end of a line , and an instant is the end of time : because the line resolveth it selfe into a point at last , and all time resolveth it self at last into an instant . A Privative end , and that is that that causeth a cessation of beeing , that is the end of action , wherein all the work , and invention , and enterprizes of a man cease . Of such an end here he speaks , such an end of a man as that he ceaseth to be as he was upon earth , and ceaseth to do as he did upon earth . By laying to heart , he meaneth more then a bare konwing , or a bare observing , and taking notice of things . There is to be understood here , a serious pondering an often considering of it , as it is said of Marie , She layed those sayings to heart ; and so Iacob , he layed the sayings of Joseph to heart . It is such a serious considering , and pondering , and discussing of every thing , as they may bring it to some use , may draw some fruit , and benefit out of it to themselves . So that the summe and substance of the words is thus much ; It is a better thing for a man to be conversant about the thoughts of death , and to take hold of all occasions that may bring the serious consideration thereof into his heart , then to delight himselfe in those worldly pleasures , and sensual delights , wherein for the most part men spend their lives . The reason is , because their is some benefit that ariseth thereby to the inward man , some advantage gained to the soule : whereas by the other , there is none at all , there is much hinderance and hurt , but no furtherance and benefit . The words then you see consist of a Proposition ; And a proof or confirmation of that Proposition . The Proposition . It is better to go to the house of mourning , then to go to the house of feasting . The confirmation or proofe of it , is double ; first , because this is the end of all men : secondly , because the living will lay it to his heart . This latter part is that which I purpose most to insist upon . In the former . He calleth the house wherein any one dies , the house of mourning . It is better to go to the house of mourning . Where you see ; That the Death of men , with whom we live , is a just occasion of mourning to some . The holy Ghost would not have described the house wherin a man dies in this manner , if their were not some equity , and justice in mourning , upon such an occasion . For he speaks not here ( as I conceive ) only with reference , and respect to the common custome of natural and worldly men ; but with respect to the natural disposition , and affection , that is in the heart of man , and the equity of the thing . There should be mourning , and there is in it a just occasion , when men are taken away by death . When Sarah died , the text saith that Abraham came to mourn for Sarah , & to weep for her . And Esau , when he speaks of the death of his father Isaac , he calleth the time of his death , the time of mourning , the dayes of mourning for my father are at hand . So Ioseph when his father was dead , it is said that he mourned for his father seven dayes . When Samuel was dead , all the Israelites were gathered together and lamented him . When Iosiah was dead , there was such a great lamentation for him , that it became a pattern of excessive mourning ; In that day there shall be a great mourning in Ierusalem , as the mourning of Hadadrimmon in the valley of Megiddon . Our Saviour Christ , when he looked upon Lazarus , he wept , because he was dead . And those Ephesians , this was it that broke their hearts , they sorrowed most of all for the words which S. Paul spake , that they should see his face no more . I need not stand upon the proof of the point . There is great reason for it , first if we respect men in their usefulnesse to others . There is no man but is of some use : and so farre as a man is useful to another , there is just ground of mourning , for the losse of such a one . Therefore David , he mourned for the death of Saul , though he was a wicked man , because he was useful in his time by way of goverment . And as there is more usefulnesse , so there is more cause of mourning , as we see in the death of Samuel , and Iosiah , and others . Secondly , because when those that are useful , are taken away , a man seeth some effects partly of his own guilt , and partly of Gods displeasure . Of his own guilt If those die that are evil , that he did not do them that good that he might , while they lived , he did not converse so profitably , as he might have done , to further their spiritual good . If they be good and gracious , that he received not benefit by them , that he did not mannage the opportunities , as he might have done , to have made that use of their society and conference , of their prayers , and spiritual helps , of all those gifts and endowments that they had . And as in the defect , so likewise in the excesse there is guilt . When a man idoliseth the creature too much , and trusteth too much to the arm of flesh : when he setteth too great a price upon men , he may apprehend the displeasure of God , taking away his brother , that was ( as it were ) a curtain that stood between God and him , taking away those that hid God from his eyes . Upon these occasions and grounds the servants of God have reflected upon themselves , seeing the death of others , that are near , and dear unto them , and have drawn from thence , matter and cause of mourning . Nay , it is a thing that the Lord looks for : Thou hast smitten them , and they have not grieved . When God takes away any that are usefull to us , there is a smiting , and a correction in it , even to those that live , to those that were intimate and inward with him , and God expects that men should mourne , and grieve for it . I briefly note this ( for I intend not to stand upon it ) against that Stoicall Apethy , that stupidity , I cannot say whether it have seized on the spirits of men , or whether men affect it in themselves : but they account this a matter of praise , a vertue praise-worthy , to see nothing doleful , nothing worthy of mourning in the death of any one . We see it is quite contrary to the very course of the Scripture . But it will be objected . We are bid to mortifie our earthly affections ; and if we must mortifie our affections , we must mortifie all our affections , that of sorrow , as well as anger , and the like . I answer briefly . The Scripture indeed biddeth us mortifie our affections , but it doth not bid us take away our affections : it biddeth us only mortifie , and purge out the corruption of our affections . Now there is a twofold corruption , and distemper in the affections of men . The first is , when they are misplaced , and setupon wrong objects : so we mourn for that we should rejoyce in , or we rejoyce in that we should mourn for . Secondly , when they are either excessive or defective : either we over-do , or we do not , either not at all , or not in that proportion , and measure that we should . Thus , when we over-grieve for worldly crosses , and too little for sin ; too much for the losse of earthly friends and too little for the losse of Gods favour , and spiritual wants : this is a distemper of the affections in the defect , the heart grows earthly , and fixed upon the creature , and is drawn away , and estranged from God. Then there is the excesse : that the Apostle speakes of , when he exhorts them , not to mourn as men without hope : whether he spake there of the Gentiles , as some think ; that cut their heads , and made themselves bald , in the day of their mourning , an affected kind of outward shew they had to mourn , which the Lord forbad the people of Israel to do : or whether ( as indeed it is ) because they did not restrain inwardly , and bridle the exorbitant excesse of their affection , we should not mourn as the Gentiles , but as men of hope : mourn as men that can see the changes that God makes in the earth , and in your Families , and can see how neer God cometh to you , and what use God would have you make of every particular tryal and affliction : mourn so far as you see your own guilt , in not making use of the opportunities you have had in enjoying your friends , and so far as you see any evidence of displeasure from God : so far we should mourn , but not as men without hope . But I briefly passe this , intending not to insist upon it , only by occasion , because Solomom makes the place where any die , the house of morning . We come now to the proof of the point , why going to the house of morning , taking these occasions to affect our hearts , is better then to go to the house of feasting , then to take occasions of delighting our selves in outward things . What 's the reason ? It is double . First , This is the end of all men . What is the end of all men ? The house of mourning . That which he meaneth by the house of mourning here , is that which he calleth the end of all men , that which putteth an end to all men , and to their actions upon earth , and that is Death . So that the main point , that in this place the wise man intendeth , is but thus much , I will deliver it in the very words of the Text , we need not varie from them at all . Death is the end of all men . Death is that which every man must expect , to be the end of his life , and of his actions . It is the common , the last condition of all men upon earth . I will give you but two places of Scripture , that include all men in Death . One in Job the third , from the fourteenth verse , to the 20. Verse of that Chapter , Job sheweth there how Death is the End of all men he beginneth with the Kings and Counsellers of the Earth , with Princes and great Warriors , and descendeth afterward to prisoners and mean persons , to labourers , to servants , to small and great , all ( saith he ) lie down in the dust , and go to the place of silence . The other place is in Zachar. 1.5 . Your fathers where are they ? and the Prophets , do they live for ever ? That is , look to all your fore-fathers , that have been in all times before you , whether they be those Fathers that you glory in , Abraham , Isaac , and Jacob , and the rest , or those Fathers that disobeyed the word of Prophesie ( which indeed is the principall thing here intended ) all these Ancient persons they are dead ; or as S. Peter speaks , of those that were disobedient in the dayes of Noah , they are in prison , they are in the grave : yea , and the Prophets too , that preached to you , they are dead : the generations before you , both of Prophets and people , are all dead . You see then , that Death is the common condition of all men . Kings and Subjects , Prophets and people , this is the last thing that shall be said of them all , they are dead . And it must be so ; First in regard of Gods decree . It is that that God hath appointed , and determined , concerning all men , that they must die : there is a statute for it in heaven , that can never be reverst . It is appointed to all men once to die , Heb. 9.17 . Secondly , in regard of that matter whereof all men are made , of earth : Dust thou art , and to dust thou shalt return , Your remembrances ( saith Job ) are like unto ashes , & your bodies , to bodyes of clay . How easie is it for the wind to blow away ashes ? for a potter to break in pieces a vessel of clay ? so easie it is to put an end to the memories and bodies of men , they are but ashes and clay . Thirdly , in regard that every man hath in him , that that is the cause of Death : sin . It is that that is as poison in the spirits , and as rottennesse in the bones . Sin brought in Death , and Death seizes upon all men ; it consumeth all men from the very beginning by degrees . Shew me a man without sin : without it either in the committing of it , or without it in the guilt of it , you may then shew a man that shall not die : while all men are under sin , they are under Death . Even our blessed Saviour Jesus Christ himself , though he did not sin actually , yet because he stood guiltie of our sins , Death seized upon him . So then . Look to Gods decree , that is , All men shall die . Look to the matter whereof every man is made ; that is , a decaying dying substance . And look to the cause of death in all men , that is sin ; If any man can either escape Gods decree , or bring a man that is not made of such a mouldring matter , or produce , and shew a man that hath no sin in him : then you may shew a man that shall not die : but till then this conclusion remaineth , that the wise man setteth down , this is the end of all men , that they shall die . But here it will be objected ; We find some men that did not die . It is said of Enoch , that he was translated , that he should not see death , Heb , 11.5 . And of Elijah , that he went up by a whirle-wind into heaven in a chariot of fire , 2 Kings 2.11 . These men did not die . To this , I answer briefly . Particular and extraordinary examples , do not frustrate general rules : God may sometimes dispence with some particular men , and yet the rule remain firm ; I say it may be so . But secondly we answer . They had that that was in stead of Death to them , some change , though they did not die after the manner of other men . So at the end of the world , it is said , that those that are alive shall be caught up and changed , in the twinckling of an eye ? there shall be a sudden , and almost undiscernable , unperceivable change , which shall be to them instead of death . But it will be objected further . There is a promise made in Joh. 11. That those that believe shall never die . To this I answer with that common distinction ; There is a twofold death , which the Scripture calleth , the first and the second death : The first death , is the death of the body , that ariseth from a dis-junction , and separation of the body from the soule ; And there ie a second death , that ariseth from the dis-junction , and separation of the soule from God. The first death , is no death properly , the second death is that which is truly Death : and so they shall not die . A man may have a body separated from the soule , and yet not his soul separated from God , nor himselfe from Christ . Who shall separate us from the love of God in Christ ? neither life nor death , nor principalities nor powers , &c. Death you see shall not be able to separate us from God : it cannot separate the soule : Nay , it doth not separate the body from Christ : the body remaineth a member of Christ , as well while it is still in the grave , as before : God is not the God of the dead , but of the living , saith Christ , Mat. 22. And therefore he proveth , that even Abraham was not dead in that sense , that they then took it , but he remaineth yet alive , in as much as God was his God. Abraham ( whole Abraham ) was Gods by vertue of Covenant , so are all his posterity , the children of Abraham by faith , in a spiritual sense they remain with Christ , and they are united to him , as members to the head , even when their bodies are in the grave . So that ( I say ) they die not in that sense , so as to have their soule separated from God ; though they die in the first sense , that is , to have their bodies separated from the soule . But our Saviour in that place of John , speaks of the second ; of that death , which is an everlasting separation of the soul from God. As we say of wicked men , that while they are alive , they are dead ; so the Apostle speaks of the widdow that lived in pleasures , while she lived she was dead ? and the Church of Sardis , had a name to live , but she was dead . This is true death indeed , when that the soul of a man is separated , and dis-joyned from God , and from Christ : And it is the state of every man by nature , of every man under sin , though they walk up and down , and do the actions of the living , yet they are but dead men . And as truly , as they are said to be dead while they live , so truly it may be said of the children of God , that while they are dead , they live as it said of Abraham , so it may be said of all Gods servants , they die not properly , but remain still in union with God , and with Christ : with God through Christ , they are Christs , and therefore Gods in him , and therefore they die not . Look what the soule is to the body , that is God to the soul : the soul is the life of the body , and God is the life of the soul ; they are still living men , that have God ; the soul is alive , even when the body lieth down in the grave . This shall serve for the opening of that , they are not dead , but alive : they do die in the first sense , and in the common acceptation , in respect of the separation of the body from the soul ; but they do not die in the second sense , in respect of the separation of the soul from God ; they do not die eternally , they do not die properly . Now briefly to make some use of this , and to hasten to that I most intend to stand upon . Is it so then , that Death is the end of all men . Let us make account of it for our selves . This seemeth but a plain point , and so indeed it is : but I know there is nothing more useful , and I know there is nothing lesse regarded , and lesse considered of seriously then this , that we must die . It is true , we all acknowledge it in the general , and every man , the very worst , the most ignorant , and most prophane in the world will yeeld to this in the general , that all men must die , and let a man come and tell them , that they themselves must die , they will grant it too , but this is that that undoes us all , we rest in generals , and do not seriously insist upon a serious application of it , to a mans own particular case , and bring it home to a mans self ; to conclude thus I must die , I may die soon , this may be the last day of my life upon earth , this may be the last time I may breath , this may be the last word that I shall speak , the last action that I shall do ; I know I must die , and it may be I may die now . This is that we should principally intend , and labour most after , that when we read the stories of the Scripture , and see that Death is the end of all men , that all must die , and their houses must be houses of mourning , to conclude the same for our selves . All those worthies spoken of in Heb. 11. it is said , they all died in faith ; I read such a man was a King , but he died ; such a man was a Prophet , but he died ; such a man was Noble , but he died ; such a one died in his youth , such a one in his strength , these died , and I must die ; the same thing must be said of me , that is said of them . I say , let us not only say it , but resolve , and conclude upon it ; conclude for our selves , that the same thing must be said of us , that is said of all men ; All men must die , we must die . The benefit that floweth from it will be this ; First , when a man bringeth it to his own particular case , it will make sin more odious to him . What is it that brought Death into the world ? what bringeth death upon us ? Sin. By one man sin entered into the world , and death by sin , and so death passed upon all men , for that all have finned . This I say is it , that will make sin odious to a man , it will make a man look upon sin as a deadly evil . A man will avoid an infections disease , that is mortall and deadly , and pestilential , and the like ; Why ? because it is deadly , it is as much as his life is worth . The same is sin , it is that that brought death upon all man-kind , and will bring it upon thee . When doth the creature forfeit his beeing to the Creator , but when he doth not use it in the service , and for the glory of the Creator . God hath given the creature a beeing for himself , I have forfeited my beeing , when I glorifie not God with it ; that man forfeiteth his wit , his memory , his strength , his time , his life , and all that he is or hath , when he doth not imploy them in Gods service , to Gods glory . Now sin is that that makes us deny the service and glory we owe to God ; sin is that that makes a forfeiture of our lives , and all unto him . Here is the first thing , God hath given the creature a beeing for himself , he preserveth the creature in beeing for himselfe , when the creature therefore sinneth it forfeiteth its life and beeing to the Creator . This makes sin odious . Secondly , this is it , that declareth the wonderful justice , and truth of God. He said to Adam in the beginning , assoon as ever he had fallen , he should die : and we find it true on him , and all his posterity : for Adam stood and represented the person of all men before God , that one man was all men : in him all men were under the sentence of death . And we see it is true to this day . We find God true in this , let this make us beleeve his word in every thing else . He hath been as good as his word , he hath declared his justice , and his truth in the death of all man-kind upon the sin of Adam : he will declare it in every thing else , in every promise , in every threatning , in every passage of his word : let us give him the glory of his truth , as we find it in this . Thirdly , it is advantagious very much for our selves , as a means to prepare us for death the better . When a man seriously concludeth , Death is the end of all men ; then if I reckon and account my self amongst men , it will be my end too , and it may be my end now . And we shall see what use Job makes of this : All the dayes of my appointed time , I will wait till my change shall come . I make account a great change shall come , such as hath been upon all my fathers before me , so it will come upon me , I will make account of it , and therefore I will wait all my dayes : So should we , make account every day , that this may be the day of my change ; in every thing you do , make account that your change may begin then in that very action , and this will be a means to make you wait for your change , make you prepare for death . It is that that Drusius noteth of Rabbi Eleazer , that he gave his counsel and advice , that , a man should be sure to repent one day before he died . He meant not that a man should defer his repentance till it did evidently , that Death had seized upon him , But because a man may conclude , if it be possible I may live to day , it is probable I may die to morrow , therefore I will repent to day . Do it now , and do not delay it till to morrow . This is that we are to do , to account of every day , as that which may be the day of our change , and so to carry our selves in all our actions and occasions , as if we should have no more time to do our work . And this is especially to be observed in three things . First , in matter of sinning , be careful to amend sin every day , labour to mortifie sin this day , as if thou shouldest have no more dayes to mortifie it in , take heed of sinning now as if thou shouldest die now . Some we see have been taken away in the very act of sin : Ananias and Saphirah were taken away in the very act of sinning , when they were telling a lie to the Apostle they died : Zimri and Cosbie were slain in the very act of uncleannesse : Corah and his company , they died in the act of murmuring , and resisting of God , and his ordinances , and ministers . Let a man now reason with himself , these were taken away in their sins , it may be my case as well as theirs , if I be found in sin . That is the first . Secondly , bring it home to this particular also , in another case , and that is , in redeeming of the opportunities of the time of our life . Besides , the general time of life , there be certain opportunities , certain advantages of time , that the Scripture calleth seasons : be careful to redeem them : though you may enjoy your lives , yet you may have none of these ; such as are seasons of glorifying God , seasons of doing good , seasons of gaining good to a mans self , be careful therefore ( I say ) to mannage those opportunities , and advantages of time , so that you may glorifie God : Whether you eat or drink , or what soever you do , do all to the glory of God. Which way soever you may most advance Gods glory , and pormote his worship , which way soever ye may promote the cause of God ; drawing men to God , and incouraging them in the wayes of God ; which way soever you may be useful , employ your self at that time , the present time , because you must die , and you may die now , you may have no more opportunities to do it in . And so likewise in all advantages , wherein men may do good to men , Exhort one another while it is called to day , and while you have time do good unto all : Do all the spiritual good , and all the outward good that you can , while you have seasons to do good . Happy is that servant , that his master shall find so doing , when he cometh , leading a fruitful and profitable life . So , do good to your own souls while you have time : pray , while you have time to pray , hear the Word while you have time to hear it : exercise repentance , while you have time to repent : perfect the work of mortification , while you have time to mortifie your corruptions : do your souls all the good you can , by the advantages of all the ordinances , of all the opportunities that God hath given you . This is the end of all men ? it hath been the end of good and bad before ; and it shall be the end of good and bad now ; men must die , their houses will be houses of mourning , therefore mannage the time in doing all the good you can , that God may be glorified , men may be benefited , and your own souls furthered ; that is the second thing . Lastly , in the manner of your conversation , consider the time that you have to do every thing in . Will a man be found idleing in the market-place , when he should be working in the Vineyard ? Would you be feasting , when God would have you mourning ? you shall see some that have been taken away , when they little thought of it : Belshazzer , he was in his feasts , and then cometh the sentence of death against him , and other the like examples you may see in the Scripture . Consider therefore the particular actions that you doe , whether they be such as hold agreement with the state of a dying man. So for the manner of doing holy duties Would you be found praying pefunctorily , and carelesly ? Would you be found coming to the Sacrament unprepared ? What though you do holy actions , that are good for the matter , would you be found doing of them , with unfit and unprepared hearts ? You see what the Apostle saith , 1. Cor. 11. For this cause many are sick , and weak , and many sleep : they slept , they were dead for this , even because they came unworthily to receive the Sacrament of the Lords Supper . Would you therefore be found doing of holy duties , and not in a right manner ? The serious consideration of this , that Death is the end of all men , with the particular application of it to a mans selfe , that as it is the state of all men , so it is mine in particular , I must die , and I may die now ; it hath an influence into all the actions of a mans life . To conclude . In the last place ; This point is of use to us , also in the death of others . First , to moderate the mourning of Christians for the death of others . Why ? It is the end of all men , it is that that is the common condition of all men , it should not be too grievous , not too doleful to any man. We would not have our freinds to be in another condition in their birth then others , we would not have them have more fingers , or more members then a man , and would we have them have more dayes ? Let this serve as a brief touch upon that . Secondly , it teacheth us to make good use of our fellowship while we are together . Not only we may die , but those that are useful to us may die also : let us make good use of one another , while we live therefore . This will make the death of others bitter , and will be worse than the death , and losse of our freinds , the guilt upon a mans conscience , that he hath not made that use of them while they were alive , that he might have done : let us therefore make the death of our freinds easie , by making good use of them while they live . It did smite the heart of those Ephesians , that they should see the face of Paul no more ; specially above the rest it grieved them , that they should see him no more , how would it have grieved them think you , if they had alwayes hardned themselves against his ministry before ? Think with your selves seriously , here is such a Minister , such a Christian freind , that husband and wife , that parent and child , a time of parting will come ; let us make it easie now , by making good use of one another while we live , that when freinds are took away , we may have cause to thank God , that we have had communion , and confort of their fellowship and society , the benefit of their graces , the fruit of their lives : and not sorrow for the want of them by death . So much for that . I come now to the second , and principal reason , why it is better to go to the house of mourning , then to the house of feasting , it is this , because the living shall lay it to his heart , What shall he lay to his heart ? That that is the end of all mèn ; he shall lay the death of all men to heart . The point I observe from hence is thus much . It is the dutie of those that live , to lay to heart the death of others . That is , seriously ro consider , and make use for themselves of the death of others . You see the Text is clear for the point . And there is good reason why it should be so . First , in respect of the glory that cometh to God. Secondly , in respect of the good that cometh to our selves by it . First , God is glorified by this , when we lay to heart the death of others : there is a dishonour to God to slight any of his actions : this is one of Gods works in the world , the death of men : this is a thing wherein Gods hand is seen : he saith to the sons of Adam , Return . The spirit returneth to God that gave it . It is he that hath the power of life and death . If a sparrow fall not to the ground , without the providence of God ; much lesse the servants of God , the precious ones upon the earth , the excellent ones , as David calleth them . I say , God is seen much in these works , and it is a great dishonour to God , when men do not consider the works of his hands : David by the spirit of prophesie in Psal . 28.5 . wisheth a curse upon ungodly men , and for this reason among the rest , because they consider not the operation of his hands : this is that that puts men into a curst estate , and exposeth them to the wrath of God , when they regard not the works of the Lord. The actions of Princes , and great men upon earth , every man considereth of them , and weigheth them : It is that , wherein we give God the glory of his wisdome , and of his truth , of his power , of his justice , of his mercy , of his soveraignty and dominion , and Lordship over the whole earth , when we labour to draw to a particular use to our selves , the works of God in the world , specially the death of men , of all men good and bad , for we must give it the same latitude , and extent , and scope that the Text doth here : he speaks here of the death of men in general , and he saith of all men , that their death shall be laid to heart by the living . Secondly , as their is reason that we should take to heart the death of others , in respect of the glory that cometh to God thereby : so in respect of our selves also , much benefit cometh to our selves , by laying to heart the death of other men . There be three special things considerable in the death of any one , that is matter of profit , and benefit to those that live , and survive after them . Therein we see the Certainty , of Death . Therein we see the Nature , of Death . Therein we see the Cause & End of Death . First , therein we see the certainty of death : For now we have not only the word of God that tels us that we shall die , but the works of God taking others before us : that as the Sacraments are called visible instructions , because they teach by the eye , and the outward senses : so the death of others are visible instructions to the living , it teacheth by the eye : a man is guided by the eye , to see his own condition , and as it were in a glasse , there is represented to him his own state : what we are , they were once : the time was that they converst with men as we do , that they spake for Gods glory upon earth as we do ; and what they are now we shall be , there will come a time when our works shall cease as theirs do , when we shall be in the place of silence , as they are . I say , it confirmeth to us the former certainty , and assurance of our death , when we see others fall before us . And there is great profit and benefit that ariseth out of this . This is necessary to awaken mens drowsinesse , and to quicken up mens dulnesse to a serious consideration of that that is so usefull to themselves . A man would wonder , that in the Wildernesse , where so many thousands died , ( for the hand of God was out against them for their murmuring and rebellion , and they were destroyed by the destroyer , as the Apostle speaks 2 Cor. 10. ) that there Moses should pray , Lord teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisdome : though they had a sight of so many dying before them , and that continually , yet they needed to be stirred up to pray , that God would teach them to make use of it . So it is with us . We have seen not only one or two die before us , but there was a time not long since ( and you cannot forget it ) wherein the destroying Angel did walk at liberty about the Citie , and kill thousands in our streets , yet when so many died , what security was there even among those that lived ? in so much that after awhile the sicknesse grew common , and usual , and so , unregarded . Have we not need then as much as ever Moses had in the Wildernesse , to crie to God , to teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisdome ? Nay , much more now , when there is scarce one , or none , in comparison of those multitudes that were swept away in that visitation , we have need of such helps as these are , and to joyn our prayers with them too , that we may be stirred up to a serious application of it to our selves . That 's the first thing ; it is necessary for living men to take to heart the death of those that are departed , that they may see , and be brought seriously to think of the certainty of their own death . Secondly , therein also we see the nature of death , what the proper work of it in the world is ; It is of singular use too . The nature of death , the proper work of it , is to dis-unite , to separate , to dis-joyn things : here you have the soul separated from the body : the estate separated from the man ; the man separated from his friends , and all by Death . First ( I say ) ye have the body separated from the soul : and this is a useful consideration . The soul and the body , while they keep together in a man , they may be helpful , and useful one to another ; the time will come when they must be separated . Alas ! the not considering of this , is the cause of those great errours , that are in the lives of men : that they bestow so much time upon their bodies , that they so much mind the present things of this life and their outward welfare , as if they had no souls at all to regard ; as if there never should be a separation of body and soul one from another . What is the reason that there is all that care took , for food for the body ? for apparel for the body ? for health for the body ? and such an utter neglect of the soul ? but because that men doe not dream , do not thing of a time of separation , of a time of dis-junction , of a time of parting these two . All the work of a mans life , should now be to make a good use of the faculties of his soul , that the body may be happy by it : the soul will draw the body after it to its own estate . Now they are together , if they joyne now in sin : after there separation , there shall come a time , when they shall be joyned in punishment : if they joyn now in the service of God ; after they have been separated a while by death , there will come a time , when they shall be again joyned in glory and happinesse . That is the first ; There will be a separation of soul and body : therefore make good use of them , while they are together : let the body be serviceable to the soul , by all its senses and members : let the soul rule , and order the body , by its understanding and affections , &c. that both body and soul may be made blessed in an eternall conjunction together after death , and in an everlasting union in the sight of God. Secondly , Death makes a separation between a man , and all his outward estate in the world . The rich man in Saint Luke 12. thought not upon this : Soul , thou hast much goods laid up for many years ; he thought his soul , and his goods , should never have parted , therefore take now thine ease , saith he . See what the end of it was ; Thou fool ( saith the Lord ) this night they shall fetch away thy soul , and then whose shall these things be ? The time is coming , that these things shall be none of thine , they shall be another mans , they shall be some bodies else , they shall be taken from thee . How necessary is this consideration , to take off mens affections from the world , and to stir them up to use their wealth , and their estates , while they have them , so as may make for the glory of God ? A time shall come , that they shall not have it to use , that nothing shall be left them , but a bare account to be given up , Give an account of thy Stewardship , Luke 16. The main businesse is now to be done , while a man and his wealth are together , while a man and his estate continueth together , to use it to Gods glory , otherwise it will be a woeful , and heavy parting , when death shall come to make a separation . The young man went away sorrowful , when Christ would have his wealth from him , because he had great possessions . How sorrowful will a man go out of the world , when he hath a great deal of wealth , but he hath not prepared his account : he cannot give up a reckoning of his getting of it , of his using & imploying of it ? it is necessary therefore ( I say ) that men take to heart the death of those that die before them , that when they see the bodies , and souls of men parted , men and their estates parted , they may learn how to use their bodies & souls , themselves and their estates , while they are yet joyned together . Thirdly , Death doth not only part a mans body and soul , a mans self and his wealth , but it parteth a man from his friends , from all his worldly accquaintance , from all those that he took delight in upon earth : Death makes a separation between husband and wife : see it in Abraham and Sarah , though Abraham loved Sarah dearely , yet Death parted them , Let me have a place to bury my dead out of my sight . It parteth father and child , how unwilling soever they be : see it in David and Absolom , Oh Absolom , my son , would God I had died for thee : and Rachel mourned for her children , and would not be comforted , because they were not . It parteth the Minister and the people : see it in the case of the people of Israel lamenting the death of Samuel ; and in the case of the Ephesians , at the parting of S. Paul , sorrowing especially when they heard they should see his face no more . It parteth those friends who were so united together in love , as if they had but one soul in two bodies ; see it in the separation that was made by death , between David and Jonathan , that were so knit together in their love , that he bewaileth him , Woe is me for my brother Jonathan . This is a necessary consideration for us that live , that we may learn to know how to carry ourselves towards our wordly friends , and how to moderate our selves in our enjoyment of these worldly comforts . Look upon every worldly thing as a mortal , as a dying comfort . Look upon children and friends , as dying comforts . Look upon your estates , as that that hath wings , and will be gone . Look upon your bodies , that now you make so much of , as a thing that must be parted from the soul by death , and that ere long . See what advice the Apostle giveth , 1 Cor. 7.19 . the time is short ( saith he ) therefore let those that marry , be as if they married not : and they that rejoyce , as though they rejoyced not : and they that buy , as though they possessed not : and they that use this world as not abusing it . A man abuseth the world , when he useth it beyond the consideration of the shortnesse of enjoying these things : when he looks upon these things , as things that he shall enjoy alwayes . But if we would use it aright , look upon things , as things that we shall enjoy , but for a short time . This body that seemeth now to have some beauty in it , yet it must die , & be laid in the dust : these friends that seem now to have some pleasure , and delight in them , yet I must die , and be took from them : this estate and wealth , that now I set so much price upon , I must die , and death will part me and it . So I say , look upon every thing as separable from us . Moderate your affections likewise to them . Use them onely as comforts in the way , as a traveller doth the pleasures of his Inn , he stands not to build himself houses against every pleasant walk he looks upon , he stands not to purchase lands , and to lay them to every Inn he comes to lie at ; No , he knows that he is now but in his passage , in his way , he knows that he is not at home , that is the place he is going to , and after a time he shall come thither . So make account that you are not now at home , it is death that must help you to your home . Let this therefore take you off from all these things that are in the way . It is a strange thing , to see how Sathan besotteth , and befooleth men . They strive , and labour to compasse many worldly things , as if their happinesse stood in the enjoyment of them , as if they should have their wealth , and their comforts for ever . What care is there amongst men to get wealth , and many times lose their souls in getting the world ? Alas ! Death will part soul and body , them and their wealth and all . Do we not see this daily in the death of others before us : such a one is dead , where is his body now ? in the dust . Where are his friends , and his companions now ? Where is his wealth and his estate , for which many flattered him and fawned upon him ? are they not all separated from him ? they have nothing now to do with him : he cannot dispose of one penny of his estate now , it is left he knows not to whom , others now have the mannaging of it . As now you can say this of others , so there will a time come , that other men will say the like of you , I had such a friend , but death hath parted him from me , he had such an estate , but death hath parted him and his estate . Let us therefore make this use of the death of others , to conclude with our selves , that there will be a parting of all those outward things , that now we are so apt to dote upon . The third special thing considerable in the death of others , that will be matter of profit , and benefit to those that live , and survive after them is , the end and cause for which God sendeth Death abroad into the world with such a large commission , that it goeth on with such liberty to every family , to every place , that it seizeth upon every person . What 's the reason of it ? You shall see in the several deaths of men , several causes . There is judgement and mercy ; sometime a mixture of both , and sometime but of one of these . Sometimes , we see an apparant judgement of God in the death of some . A judgement of God upon themselves . Thus the young Prophet that disobeyed the word of the Lord , a Lyon met him in the way and slew him . So those Corinths , that did eat and drink unworthily in the Lords Supper , though they were such as were saved after , yet neverthelesse for this very cause ( saith the Apostle ) some of them were sick and weak , and some slept ; they died , they were judged of the Lord , that they might not be condemned with the world . When you see death seizing upon men , as an act of divine judgement , of divine displeasure , let it make you more fearful of sinning against God , lest you provoke against your selves the same warth , in the very act of sin . Sometimes again , it is a judgement of God upon others . Thus God takes away divers of his servants , because the world is not worthy of them . And as this is an act of judgement upon the world , so it is an act of mercy to them ; God in mercy taking of them away from the evil to come , and from the evil present . A judgement of God to others that are udworthy of them : A mercy to themselves , that they are took away , from their own evil , from sin , from temptations , from all the effects and fruits of sin ; and taken away from the evil that is to come upon others . An act ( I say ) of mercy to them . So it was to the child of Jeroboam , he should die , and should not see the judgement that was to come upon his fathers house , because there was found some good thing in him toward the Lord. So it was to Josiah , He should be gathered to his fathers in peace , and his eyes should not see all that evill which the Lord would bring upon Jerusalem , and upon the inhabitants thereof . An act of judgement to others . Righteous and merciful men are taken away , and no man layeth it to heart : they consider not the causes wherefore God takes away those good men . A Land , a Kingdom , a State , a People , a place is much weakned , when those that are righteous , and merciful men ; when those that stand in the gap , and use their endeavours to prevent judgments , are taken away . The house will certainly fall , when the Pillars are removed . They are the people of God only , that hold up a state ; that hold up the world . Assoon as Noah is put into the Ark , presently cometh the deluge upon the World. Assoon as ever Lot was got up to Zoar , presently the Lord rained down fire and brimstone upon Sodom and Gomorrah . Assoon as ever the mourners are marked , presently cometh the destroying Angel upon the rest . Beloved , when we see those that are mourners for the evils of the times , and places where they live look away , we should lay it to heart , and consider it as a sign of Gods displeasure , as a sign that he is a going , and departing , when he takes away his jewels , as a sign that he is a coming to judge the world , when he beginneth to separate , to take to himself his own . Certainly , as soon as ever that number of the elect shall be accomplished , when the company of those that God hath determined to eternal life shall be fulfilled , when the sheep of Christ , that are yet to be brought into his fold , are gathered together , when the fulnesse of the Gentiles is come in , and the nation of the Jewes added , then the world shall he burnt with fire , and the day of Judgement shall come , nothing shall hinder that general destruction , that shall be the end of all things here below . As it is with the general Judgement of the world , so with particular Judgements upon Nations , when God takes away his people , when the Saints go out of Jerusalem to Pila , then cometh the sword of the enemie upon Jerusalem : when God drawes out his own people , presently cometh judgement upon the rest . It is good to observe Gods method and order , that he takes in governing of the world at this day , that in the death of the servants of God , we may consider our own time , that we may prepare for those evils that are a coming , and for those greater judgments that are hastning . Thus you see what use may be made of laying to heart the death of others ; God is much glorified thereby . For all his attributes are seen in all his works , and the glorifying of God , is a declaring of God to be as glorious , as he hath revealed himself to be in his attributes , which is , by shewing of them forth in his works . When men can see the wisedome , the justice , the power , the mercy , the truth , the soveraignty of God , and all in the death of others , then they glorifie God in taking to heart the death of others . You see likewise what good cometh to a mans self by laying to heart the death of others . He sees thereby the certainty of his own death . He sees the nature of death , and what the proper work of it is , viz. to separate between him and all those outward comforts , all those props and staies whereupon his heart rested too much on earth , in the dayes of his vanity . And lastly , he sees the end , and cause , why God sendeth Death into the world : sometime in judgement , that men should take heed of sin : sometimes in mercy ; in mercy to the men themselves , and in mercy also to those that live , that they seeing the servants of God lodged up before the tempest , may learn to fear , and to hide and secure themselves under Gods special providence , who can either hide them amongst the living , or the dead , in the worst times . Now let us conclude with some application to our selves . In the first place , it serveth for the just reproof of that great neglect that is in the world at this day , that men lay not to heart the death of others . I wish that this were only the sin of worldly men . I know to a worldly man it is of all things the most unpleasant thought that can be to think of death : he cannot indure to hear this , they shall fetch thy soul from thee . It is as unpleasant to him , as it is to a Bankrupt to hear of a Sergeant coming to arrest him : as unpleasant as it is to a Malefactor to hear of being brought before the Judge . And that is the reason why men in the time of feasting , cannot endure such discourses at their Tables , as might put sad thoughts of death into them ; oh ! these are too melancholly thoughts . Yea , but in the mean time it is thy folly , thy want of wisedome . He that was guided by the spirit of wisedome , and had now bought some wisdome at a deare rate , by woeful experience of his former follies ; he now seeth that it was farre better to go to the house of mourning , that is , seriously to consider of that , which men account the most ordinary cause of mourning , that is , the death of others , and of themselves : then to go to the house of feasting , that is , to sport a mans selfe in the pleasures of the world , and to give liberty to a mans selfe to all manner of delights . But ( I say ) I wish that this were their fault onely , and that it may die with them . But it is too much the fault of Gods own people . Moses is fain to pray for Israel in the Wildernesse , where they saw so many die before them , that God would give them wisdom to number their dayes . And Ministers have still the same cause to pray for the people , and Christians to pray one for another , that God would give them wisdome to lay to heart the death of other men . Have you well considered of Death , when you can only discourse , that such a one that was profitable in his instruction , is dead : such a one by whom we have had good in conversing with , is dead : such a one that was young , and likely to live many years longer , is dead ? What of all this ? this is but idle , and empty discourse . What use makest thou of this to thy self ? dost thou gather from thence the certainty of thy own death ? Dost thou consider what death will do to thee when it cometh ? how that it will separate between thee and all things in the world , as it hath done them . Dost thou consider for what cause God sendeth Death abroad into the world ? Dost thou consider this with thy selfe , as thou oughtest to do ? This is an act of wisdome , This is that we call due consideration , when the soul reflects upon it self ; it is their case now , and it will be mine , and mine in the same manner , therefore it is good for me , to set my accounts strait with God. When thou accompaniest another to the grave , dost thou conclude thus with thy self , the very next time that any death is spoken of , it may be mine , or as Saint Peter speaks to Saphirah after the death of Annanias , the feet of those that have buried thy husband are at the door , and shall carry thee out also ? This is reason of all that worldly-mindednesse , of all that earnestnesse , and invention , to gain the favour of men by indirect means , this is the reason of all that immoderate care about our businesse with the neglect of our souls , this is the reason of all that carnal security , of all that forgetfulnesse of God , and the account that shall be made at the day of Judgment , this is the reason of the unfruitfulnesse of our lives , of our unprofitable spending of our times , or of whatsoever else it be , this is even the very reason of all , because even those that professe themselves to be the people of God , and to give God the glory of his attributes in all his works , yet they lay not to heart the death of those that are before them . Men durst not , they could not , passe away their time in such unprofitablenesse , and unfruitfulnesse as they do , if they did seriously consider , and lay to heart , the death of others before them . Again secondly ; As it condemnes the general neglect that is amongst men of this duty , so it serves to reprove , that sinful laying to heart of the death of others that is too frequent and common in the world , That is , first , when men with too much fondnesse , and with too great excesse and distemper of affection , look upon their dead friends , as if God could never repair the losse , nor make amends for that he hath done in taking of them away . Rachel mourneth , and will not be comforted . David mourneth , and will scarce be comforted . Oh Absalom , my son , my son , would God I had died for thee . What is all this , but to look on freinds , rather as Gods then men , as if all sufficiency were included in them only ? Men look on their freinds , as Micah did upon his Idol , when they had bereaved him of it , they took away all his comfort and quiet , You have taken away my Gods ( saith he ) and what have I more ? or as Laban , that when his Idols were stoln away , his heart was dead , he could not stay in his house , he could not enjoy himselfe , wherefore have you stollen away my Gods ? saith he . So , I say , men look on their dead freinds as they should look upon the Creatour , and not as upon the creature ; they take their death to heart , but not in a right manner . This is the very reason why God many times makes your Christian freinds so unprofitable to you when they live , because you idolize them , you advance them above God. This is the reason also , why you are so unable to bear the losse of them when they die , God beating you now with your own rod , and making you feel the fruit and effect of your own folly . This now is an ill taking to heart the death of freinds , to mourn as men without hope . Secondly , there is a taking to heart , and considering of the death of men , but it is an unrighteous considering , an unrighteous judging of the death of others . If men see one die , it may be a violent death , then they conclude , certainly there is some apparent token of Gods judgment on such a one . If they see another die , with some extremity of torment , and vehement pains , certainly there is some apparent evidence of Gods wrath upon this man. If they see another in some great and violent tentation , strugling against many tentations , they conclude presently , certainly such are in a worser case then others . I may say to all these , as Christ said once to those that told him of the eighteen men upon whom the Tower in Siloe fell think you that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem ? Or rather as Solomon saith , All things come alike unto all , there is one event to the righteous , and to the wicked ; to the clean , and to the unclean ; to him that sacrificeth , and to him that sacrificeth not ; as is the good , so is the sinner ; and he that sweareth , as he that feareth an oath . Learn to judge righteous judgment , to judge wisely of the death of others , take heed of condemning the generation of the just . But rather , in the last place . Make this use of the death of every one . Doth such a man die by an ordinary sicknesse , having his understanding , and memory continued to the end ? Doth such a man die in inward peace and comfort , with cleare and evident apprehensions of Gods love , so that he can with Simeon say , Lord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace ? What use shouldest thou that livest make of this now ? Certainly , let the sweetnesse of their death , make thee in love with the goodnesse of their lives . That is the only way to a happy death , to a comfortable end indeed , the leading of a fruitful and profitable life . Again , dost thou see the Children of God full of temptations , full of fears and disquietnesse of spirit in their death ? Sometimes so overcome with the violence of the disease , as that ( it may be ) they speak impertinently and idely , it may be sinfully ? What use shouldest thou make of this now ? Certainly let the terribleness of the example of such a mans death , let it be a terrour to thee , and a means to stir thee up to more carefulnesse of making good use of thy time in this life . Nabal dieth , and his heart is in him as a stone . If ever God quicken thee , if ever God breath upon thy soule , or enliven thee by the inward motions of his Spirit , embrace those opportunities , and seasons of grace , lest God smite thee with an everlasting deadnesse . Again , hath God caused the light of his countenance to shine upon thy heart ? Doth he offer a gracious message of peace to thy soule ? Doth he speak peace at any time by the ministery of his Word ? Imbrace those offers , yeeld to those conditions of peace , lest thou be deprived of peace at the end . Againe , hath GOD given thee any strength over temptations ? Hast thou prevailed over the assaults of Sathan , and other of thy enemies ? Hath he made thee a conquerour ? take heed how thou insnarest thy selfe againe , how thou inthrallest thy self in yeelding to Sathans yoke , lest he buffet thee by him in a worse manner at thy end . Thus ( I say ) thou canst see nothing befal any of Gods servants in their death , or in the manner of their death , whether in be more pleasing , or more sorrowful , more calm and quiet , or more tempestuous , and full of trouble ; whether it be more comfortable , or more lamentable , but it may be useful unto thee . If it be good , it may be it shall be so with thee , if it be bad , it may be it shall be so with thee too . The main businesse that a man hath to do , is to make sure of himself in this life . It was the question that Saint Austin made to those that told him of a violent death that seized upon one . But how did he live ? ( saith he ) He made no matter how he went out , but how he carried himself in the world . And truly this is the great Question , that every man should put to his soule . I must out of the world , how have I lived when I was in the world ? had GOD any glory by me ? had men any good by me ? have I furthered my account against the day of reckoning , that I may give it up with joy ? it makes no matter how I go out of the world , I am sure if my life have been serviceable to God , and beneficial to men , my departure shall be for gain and advantage , it is for a better world . Thus much shall serve briefly for the opening of these words , and for that that is appliable from them . For the present occasion a word . Funeral Sermons are not intended for the praise of the dead , but for the comfort of the living . Therefore I have chosen such an argument to handle at this time , as might be of use , and profit to you that live . Besides that , I am in particular , and by particular order , debarred of speaking any thing concerning our deceased Sister , though I might have spoken much , and that very useful to you . The best use that you can make will be this , to consider the life that she led amongst you . She was a pattern , and example of holinesse , of a wise and upright carrirge in her wayes : follow her in that : Mark the Godly and upright man , the end of that man is peace . There was none that knew her , but upon good assurance are perswaded of her happinesse now . Would you then have the same happinesse after ? take the same course that she did , be much in prayer , and dependance upon the ordinances , and in fellowship with the servants of God ; be profitable in doing good , profitable in receiving good : mannage the opportunities and times well that God giveth you , as she did , gaining much in little : she did much work in a short space : let that be your care , and then this will be your comfort in the end . Thus if you make this use of the death of others before you , you shall prepare for your own death , and that shall be only a passage for you to Eternal life . DELIVERANCE FROM THE KING of FEARS OR , FREEDOME FROM THE FEAR OF DEATH . SERMON III. HEBR. 2.15 . For as much then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood , he also himself likewise took part of the same , that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death , that is the Devil : and deliver them , who through the fear of death , were all their life-time subject to bondage . IN these words that I have read , ( to let pass other parts of the Chapter ) the Apostle sets down the humiliation of Christ with the fruit of it ; His humiliation in his Incarnation and death . The fruit of it in subduing him that had the power of death , and delivering those that were kept under the fear of death in bondage all their life . At this time we will speak only of the last part , the fruit of Christs death , in delivering those that were kept under the fear of death . The persons that are kept under this fear , are said to be the children ; Gods own children , those for whom Christ died , yet they were kept under the fear of death , and that not at some particular time , when tentation had got some special advantage over them , but it was a trouble , and a burden to them all their life long , and that not a small burden , or an easie trouble , but such as kept them as in bondage . The words ( you see ) are easie ; There are two points that arise from them . First , that Gods children , those for whom Christ died , are many times hold strongly under the fear of death . Secondly , that Christ by his death freeth them from those fears . I shall onely insist at this time principally on the first ; That Gods own children , the Children that were partakers of flesh and bloud ( it is taken either for the humane nature , or the infirmities of that nature ) even these children were held under the feare of death . I will shew the grounds of it . The fear of death in the children of God , ariseth either from some causes without , or from somewhat within them . From without them , and so the fear ariseth from God , an act of his providence upon his children . Or from Sathan , a work of his malice . These are the causes from without . For the first , God in his providence , and that in his special and fatherly providence , whereby he doth order all things for the good of his children , for the present increase of their grace , and the fitting them for glory hereafter ; He ( I say ) in his providence ordereth it thus , that they shall be kept ( many of them ) a great while under the feare of death , and this he doth for special good ends . The first is , to humble them . Adam as soon as he had sinned against God , as his fall was by pride ( he would have had a higher condition then he was in ) so when God would bring him back again , he beginneth first to humble him : and how doth he that ? Dust thou art ( saith he ) and to dust thou shalt return : he sheweth him , that he was a dead man by sin , and so would have the meditation of death to humble Adam , and in him all his posterity after him . So David , when he desired that some means might work upon his enemies for their good , he prayeth , Put them in fear , that they may know that they are but men : He doth not onely pray that mortality might be presented to them , but so presented , that it might leave an impression of fear upon their affections , that they might know what they are , that they have not their beeing , or the power of subsisting in themselves , but that they must look for it above themselves , to him that hath the issues of life and death in his own hand . And this is necessary , that all the servants of God should be kept humble by some means or other . The Apostle Paul ( you see ) he had attained a great measure of grace , yet he standeth in need of something to humble him , therefore the messenger of Sathan was sent to buffet him , that he should not be exalted above measure , that he might be kept humble . God intendeth to raise up his children to a glorious estate , therefore as men lay a low foundation , when they intend to erect a high building ; so God layeth the foundation , of all grace and comfort in his servants , in humiliation : therefore he will not only have them mortal , but he will have them apprehend their mortality , and dying condition with fear , that they may be humbled by this fear . That is the first thing . Secondly , God aymeth at the strengthening of faith in his servants . While a man looks to sense , and is upheld by sensible comforts , there is not that exercise of faith : now every grace is strengthened by exercise , that God therefore may have faith exercised , and so strengthened in his servants , he will expose them to the fear of death . The Apostle Paul found this : we received ( saith he ) the sentence of death , that we might not turst in our selves , but in him that raiseth us up from the dead . He doth not onely say thus , we acknowledge this to be a truth , that we must die ; but we received the sentence of death , received it as a man receiveth a sentence of death from a Judge , received it so , as it made some impression upon our hearts , received it with some inward sense , with some inward feare : which was a violent work , such a work as knocks us off of all holds , and takes us off from all sensible , and visible props , and humane supports , and makes us to see nothing in the creature to do us that good we look for , to make us eternal happy : therefore we were taught ( saith he ) not to trust in our selves ; if a man trust any , he might trust himselfe first ; yea , but we are dying , and cannot enjoy our selves long , therefore we trust in him that raiseth us up from the dead . Thirdly , another end that God aymeth at , in holding his servants , many times under the fear of death , is , that he may make them more watchful , and holy in the course of their lives . This our Saviour expresseth under two parables , the one of the Virgins that were to watch for the coming of the Bridegroom , they knew that he would come , but they knew not when , therefore they were alwayes to keep their watch , with oyle in their lamps . And the other of a Master , that left Talents with his servants , he told them that he would come , but he told them not when , that they might be sure to employ them to the best advantage . And the Apostle Peter raiseth an exhortation to this purpose , on this very ground : Since ( saith he ) that all these things must be dissolved , what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godlinesse , looking for , and hastning to the appearance of our Lord Jesus Christ ? We know that the Lord Jesus Christ will come , but he hath concealed the particular time of his coming , that we might alwayes keep our watch , and be prepared for him , whensoever he cometh . Now , this is necessary for all the servants of God , for they are apt to be secure , and to be carried away with worldly business , and delights , and to neglect that which concerns their eternal good ; and therefore God will affect them with the fear of death , that they may be stirred up to more watchfulnesse and holinesse , in a godly course of life . Fourthly , God doth it , that by the fear of Death they may be better prepared for death , that it may not come upon them as a stranger , that they never thought on before , that it may not come as an armed man upon them : therefore is it that God will have thim , not onely to have thoughts of it , but fear of it ; fear ( you know ) is an affection , that quickneth a man to action , keeps him to a constant observing of God. Jehosaphat , when God did not onely bring a multitude of enemies upon him , but also sent the report of them to him , and that in such a manner , as he might be affected with fear ; What did all this work in him ? The text saith ; Jehosaphat did seek the Lord with all his heart , and proclaimed a fast in Judah , and provided such other defence , as was necessary ; he saw nothing but fear and danger in the creature ; We know not what to do with this great company , that cometh against us , this set him awork to seek the Lord with all his heart , and to make other provision against them . So the Lord will have his servants apprehend death as an Armed enemy coming upon them , that they may be better prepared to receive it , that they may get evidences of comfort , and assurance of heaven , and so may be fitted upon good grounds to entertain death with joy when it cometh . And this the servants of God have need of , because if there be not somewhat to quicken to this , there are other things enough to pervert them from it : and then when men are most weak , and full of pain and wearinesse , the divel takes advantage to cast them off from all comfort , so that at the least we shall die uncomfortably ; if not miserably , if they be not prepared beforehand to receive Death , and have gotten assurance , and evidence of a better condition afterward . Thus you have the first thing , that is , Gods act , and for what reasons he keepeth his servants in this bondage of the fear of death . Again secondly , another cause from without , is from the malice of Sathan . His main aim is , to keep men from a Christian course altogether : if that cannot be done ; his next work is to make men go on as uncomfortably in it , as he can possible ; therefore he will present them with as many fears , as may be : and because that this is that that nature most abhorreth , ( for it is the most natural desire of man to preserve his beeing ) I say , because nature most abhorreth this ; this dissolution and destruction of it self , therefore the striveth to affect them with the fear of death , especially and above all other . I say , this is Sathans malice . Saint Paul when he came to Macedonia , that he might do the work of the Lord , with lesse diligence and comfort , saith he , We had fears on every side , horrors within , and terrors without : It was Sathans devise , that the Apostle might do the work of the Lord with lesse strength and comfort , to afflict them with as many fears and horrors as he could . And he hath the same malice still , and still getteth much advantage of men , making men to go on with lesse comfort in a godly life , adorning their profession of religion lesse , with unchearful walking , because they have been held under the fear of death . These are the causes that are from without . Secondly , there are some causes from within , from the servants of God themselves . And these causes whence the fear of death ariseth , are either natural or sinful . First , the natural causes of it are ; The apprehension of Death , as a thing contrary to nature : and according to the strength of mens apprehension , so is there fear . Now Death in this natural respect , is fearful to every man , whether we consider the object , or the subject , the thing or the person in whom it is , we shall find a natural cause of this , even in the servants of God. First for the object , look upon Death it self , it hath all that in it , which makes it a fit object of fear . There be three things which makes a thing the object of fear , which makes a thing affect the heart with fear . First , when it is considered as an ill . Secondly , when it is considered as an ill , difficult , and hard to be avoided . Thirdly , when it is considered as an ill to come . For if it be not conceived a thing that is ill , but good ; it is not feared , but rather desired . And then again , if it be but a slight ill , such as hath but a weak strength in it , which a man may easily master , it is not fearful , but disdained . And then thirdly , if it be an ill that hath strength in it , and can hardly be resisted and overcome , if it be present , it is not feared , but grieved for . It must be evil apprehended as future , appreheneed as difficult , and apprehended as ill , if it be a thing that is to be feared . Now all these things are in Death , in the apprehension of Gods servants while they live . First , I say , they apprehend it as Ill. Ill is twofold , either that which is contrary to mans will , and so it is called Malum tristitivum ; or else contrary to mans nature , and so it is Malum corruptivum . Now Death is contrary to man in both these senses , both to his nature , and to his will. It is a thing he would not have , because it is contrary to his nature : and that is contrary to his nature , that seeks the destruction of nature . Now , when a man apprehendeth Death , as a thing that would destroy nature , that would overthrow , and dissolve , and break in pieces , that goodly Fabrique , ( as he conceiveth it ) and make that something to become nothing , it is a thing that nature cannot bear , it abhorreth . So the servants of God , as they have nature in them , they have this natural affection to preserve their beeing : and this in it self is not simply sinful , but so far as it exceedeth the rule . Therefore you see that because men apprehend Death , as an Ill contrary to nature , they prefer other things that are Ill , in a lesse regard , in a lesse degree before that : A man would rather part with his wealth , then part with his life , as we see in Psal . 49. A man would give God a ransome for his soul if he could , he would give all his goods to ransome his life . He would rather be poor then not at all : Nay , a man will part with his ease , with his health , rather then with his life : he will be in paine , rather then he will not be : Skin for skin , and all that a man hath , will be give for his life : Nay , a man will part with his credit and estimation , rather then with his life , he will rather be disgraced , then not be : A living dog , is better then a dead lyon ; this is the speech of a man naturall : he preferreth a dog that hath life in him , before a Lyon that is dead ; he would rather be a mean living man , then a dead Prince . That is ths first thing , men naturally conceive Death , as a thing contrary to nature . So it is a natural Ill. Secondly , as a man conceiveth Death an Ill contrary to nature , so he apprehendeth it an Ill not easily overcome . When Goliah looked on David , on the meannesse of his stature , and the slendernesse of his prepartation to fight , he considered him as an enemie , but as a weak one , and therefore instead of fearing , he disdained him ; Dost thou come to me as a dog ? I will give thy flesh to the fowles of the heaven , and to the beasts of the earth , he scorned him : But when the Host of Israel looked on Goliah , as a mighty enemy , that they could not easily resist , much lesse overcome ; the Text saith they were full of fear , because of Goliah : the strength of the adversary was that that filled them with fear . So when a man looks upon Death , and seeth it come as a mighty armed man , provided with all weapons of war , seeth it come in to the most populous Cities ( as in the pestilence ) and slayeth ten thousand before it , seeth it come on the most strong and valiant men , and breaks their bones , and destroyeth them ; Who can stand before this Goliah , he that defieth the Host of God , the host of Israel ? not only the wicked , but the servants of God are overcome by this enemy : I say , thus nature discourseth , and thus a natural man apprehendeth Death , and therefore he conceiveth Death to be a fearful Ill , because it is a thing that he cannot easily overcome ; That is the second . Thirdly , he conceiveth it as a thing Future , as an Ill to come . I am yet living and in health , but how soon this health may turn to sicknesse , and this life to Death , 〈◊〉 know not ; this is that that holdeth down the spirit under fear . As David said , I shall sall one day by the hand of Saul : one day ; so saith a man that liveth now in the multitude of his businesse , in abundance of strength , and ability every way , I shall one day fall into the Grave , I shall one day fall into the hands of Death . Peter we know how he affected Saphira , with telling her of the death of her husband , and saith he , the feet of those that carried out thy husband , shall carry thee out ; this affected her with fear so that she fell down dead upon the apprehension of it . Thus , I say , if we look upon the object , Death considered as an Ill , that is , a thing contrary to nature . Death considered again , as a strong and mighty Gyant that none can overcome , but it overcometh them . And then considered again as a thing coming upon men now in the approach , and we know not how soon he will grasp a man in his hands , and seize upon him : this is that , I say , that causeth that natural fear , that is in the children of God. Then again consider the Subject , the person in whom the apprehension of such an object is , and so likewise we shall see somewhat in the dispositions of men , or in their state and condition here , that may affect them with a natural fear of Death . The first is , some men by constitution are more melancholy , and are naturally of a more fearful temper , indeed distemper . The brain is distempered , the heart is distempered . The brain apprehends things , and looks upon them through a false glass , through a deluded fancie , and so makes a false report to the heart , presenteth things more terrible then they are : so sometimes the heart is ill affected , by the misreport that is brought to it by the understanding : sometimes both are distempered , as that humor prevaileth more strongly in the body . So also there are sometimes raised up turbulent , and disquieting , and voilent passions that make some full of fear , as we see in Belshazzar , whose knees did smite together , and all through the apprehension of death ; and so Felix when he heard of death and judgement to come , he trembled . Though the fear of these men did not rise from melancholy , but from inward guilt of conscience , yet the effect sheweth , that when men are affected with the apprehension of Death in the worst sight and opprehension of it , it causeth fear and terrour . Secondly , it cometh in others , and generally in all from weakness of nature , which in some is more then others , according to their different constitutions and educations ; so the rich many times are more fearful of death then the poor , because they have more to lose ; so likewise voluptuous persons , are more fearful of Death , then those that are more temperate , because by voluptuousness they have dis-joynted , and weakned their spirits . So young men many times are more fearful of Death , then those that are old , as we see in the story , Judg. 8.20 . Jether the sonne of Gideon , when he should have killed Zeba , and Zalmunna , the Text saith , He was afraid because he was a young man ; but Gideon , that was elder did it willingly , as a man better accustomed , and experienced with observations of changes , and varieties of accidents amongst men . We shall see the servants of God themselves have discovered this weakness of spirit , specially upon sudden apprehensions of things . Abraham upon the sudden and violent apprehension of Death , was put to a sinful shift : I thought ( saith he ) the fear of God is not in this place , and they will slay me for my wives sake , therefore I said this is my sister . So Samuel , when God sent him to anoynt David , he discovered this weakness , If Saul should know what I am a doing , he will slay me ; therefore he desired to have some other message , under the colour whereof he might put Saul off . So Peter out of a sudden apprehension of death , and fear of it , he denyed his Master : This weakness of spirit is in man naturally . Further , there is another thing that causeth this natural fear , and that is , the unacquaintedness men have with Death , there is somewhat in this matter , that is strange to men ; notwithstanding they hear , and see many die before them daily , they hear things spoken of by the Minister , and they read the Scripture , & many excellent comforts , but who hath seen these ? what becometh of these men ? they see Death the strict Porter of the world , let men out of the earth , but he locks the door of the Grave upon them , and none cometh back again to tell what is done in that place of silence , to tell what is become of men , when they are in the Grave , how they speed in that world of souls ; there is no man returneth from the dead to report these things to them . Now this affecteth the natural man , nay all men naturally are affected with the fearful apprehension of death , because they know not what will come after , as the natural man speaks in Ecclesiastes . When Joram set out a watch-man to see what was abroad , and spied an army coming , he sent a servant , but Jehu biddeth him go behind him , he sendeth another , and he goeth behind him still : saith he , I see the men go but they come not back : the Text saith , he was afraid . Make ready the Chariot , saith Joram ; If this be the issue that men go , but never come back again , it is high time to look about us . Certainly ( beloved ) such are the apprehensions of death : We see men ( saith the natural man ) go down to the Grave , and not come back again , we see that a man ceaseth to be , and to do those actions that we do , when we are upon the earth , therefore let us consider the matter more seriously . When the Captain of the fifty , that came to the Mount to Elijah , saw the two former Captaines , and their companies consumed , saw that they were all dead , that they ceased to be , but he saw not what became of them afterward , therefore he cometh with fear to the Prophet , and intreateth him that his life might be precious in his sight . All strange things we know affect men , and every thing , as it is more strange ; so it more affecteth man naturally : Let there but come a beast out of the Wildernesse , assoon as ever he cometh unto a man and seeth him , he flieth from him , because he is not used to the sight of man , it is strange to him ; but now take a beast that is brought up in the pasture , in the field , he will come to a man without fear , because he is used to the sight of him . So it is here : Death is apprehended as a strange thing , as a thing that a man never knew by experience ; Men have seen thus much , that people have died , but they never heard of any that came back again to tell them how it fared with them after death . This ( I say ) that men should go to the place of silence and have all matters hushed , all things kept secret down there , there cometh no report thence , this affecteth men with fear . These are the natural causes . Secondly , there are other causes within , that affect men with the fear of death , and those are sinful causes . First , the want of the fear of God , and as this is lesse , so the fear of death is more ; Therefore we shall find that wicked men that cast off the fear of God in their lives , they are slavishly held under the fear of death , this you shall see in those examples of Belshazzar , a man that set himself with a high hand against God , went on in a contemptuous course against God , and prophaned the holy vessels , when there was a hand writing upon the wall , some terrible thing presented to him , his knees smote together , he could not hold his joynts still : And so Felix , a man that lived without the fear of God , when he heard of judgment , and other things ; the text saith , he trembled ; and so likewise Cain , and divers others , I need not stand on it . It was one of the Judgments threatned in part , Deut. 28. Because thou dost not fear the the Lord thy God , therefore wheresoever thou goest , thou shalt find no ease , neither shall the sole of thy foot have any rest , but the Lord shall give thee a trembling heart , and thy life shall hang in doubt before thee , ( that is , thou shalt be in continual fear of death ) and thou shalt fear day and night , and shall have none assurance of thy life ; in the Morning thou shalt say , would God it were Even , and at even thou shalt say , would God it were morning , because of the fear of thine heart wherewith thou shalt fear ; and for the sight of thine eyes which thou shalt see . This is the first thing . Secondly , another thing is this , when mens hearts are too much glued to the world , and mark it , according as there is worldly affections , and worldly-mindedness in the the hearts of Gods servants , so the feare of Death is more in them : according to the strength of the one , is the fear of the other . What is it that disquieteth men ordinarily , and makes them that they cannot think of Death with comfort , but this ? now they must lose their company , part with all their freinds when they die once . Hezekiah complained of that , I shall see man no more ( saith he ) with the inhabitants of the world . This I say , is that that affecteth the heart exceedingly , that they must lose all their freinds , specially when husband and wife must part , parents and children must part , and familiar and deare acquaintance must part , this causeth the fear of death , because the heart is too much set upon the creature . So likewise worldly business , when a man loveth much employment , much business , he cannot abide to think of death , Why so ? because all work , all enterprises cease in the grave , ( as Job saith ) A man hath neither the works of his hands , nor the enterprises of his head in the grave , all actions cease , both of the mind and body there . So when a mans heart is set upon pleasures below , there is neither love nor hatred in the grave ( saith Solomon ) That is , those things that affected the heart that men love , they cease there , all his pleasures and comforts are gone . So if a man love honour , and applause amongst men , it ceaseth in the grave , all honour there is laid in the dust , contempt is cast upon Princes : this is that that affecteth men exceedingly , that they shall lose their honours and pleasures , and acquaintance , and business , and all when they come to the grave , and that because mens hearts are set too much upon these things . That is the second reason . There is a third thing , which is a sinful cause of this fear of Death , and that is the want of Assurance . There be two things that a man not being assured of , makes him fear Death ; and these may be in the children of God , and as they are more in any one , so the fear of death is more in them . The first is , when they are not assured of reconciliation with God , that God is at peace with them , pleased with them in Christ . The want of this assurance makes death fearful , for now they look upon Death , as a Sergeant , as a Jaylor ; either it is a Sergeant to take them off their present comforrs , or as a Jaylor to hold them under those bonds and fetters , that they would fain escape : Now when a man looks upon Death either way , it is terrible . As a Sergeant ; so the rich man in the Gospel , This night they shall fetch thy soul from thee : they shall come to thee as a Sergeant to a Debtour , to require a debt , they shall require thy soul of thee ; Now , we all know , that a man that is in debt , and either hath not to pay , or is unwilling to part with that he hath , such a man cannot indure the sight of a Sergeant above all men , because he cometh to fetch that from him , that he would not part with . Or if he look upon Death as a Jaylor , so Christ saith ; Agree with thy adversary quickly , lest he deliver thee to the Judg , and he give thee to the Jaylor , and then he holdeth thee in prison from whence thou shalt not go out , till thou hast paid the utmost farthing . Now when a man looks on Death as a Jaylor , that holdeth all in the grave , till the great Judg of heaven and earth calleth for them , at the generall day of Assizes , that great day of appearance , when all the world shall be gathered together , and every prison shall give up their prisoners , The sea and the grave shall give up their dead . I say , when a man standeth thus as unreconciled to God , or at least , as one that doth not apprehend this reconciliation , is not perswaded of this , that God is reconciled to him , it is no marvel if Death be terrible to him . Therefore in the sixth of the Revelation ; The Kings and Captains , and the great and mighty men , they cryed to the mountains to fall upon them , and to hide them , from the presence of the Lamb ; because the great day of wrath was come , and who could stand . So we see in 33. Isa . 14. there is crying out concerning the coming of God , the sinners in Sion , the hypocrites are afraid , what is their fear ! who shall dwell with everlasting burnings ? and who shall remain with cousuming fire ? when they shall see nothing but terrour and wrath in God , fire and consumption , when they see nothing but such terrible things , then feare cometh upon them . Now mark , hypocrites stand all together unreconciled , and therefore it is no marvel if they be afraid : and the Saints of God , so farre as they are defective in the assurance of Gods love , so farre they conceive themselves in the state of Hypocrites , and therefore they are so full of fears . Again , a second thing that they stand unresolved of , is concerning the future estates of their souls and bodies after death , they are not sure of this , that there is a better condition afterwards : this is that great question , Whither go we ? I go now out of the body , and whither then ? I go out of the world , and whither then ? I am going out of the company of men , and whither then ? shall I go to Angels and Saints , or to divels ? shall I go to Heaven or to Hell ? shall I have a beeing or not , in misery or in happiness ? They know not what shall become of them , they are unresolved of this point , of their own state to come , whether they shall be in happiness or horrour after death , and therefore Death is terrible . You have the point opened ; I will answer an objection or two , and then come to the use . It may be objected : It seemeth the servants of God are not kept under the fear of death : all those that are in the state of grace , have faith ; faith , that spendeth these fears , and therefore since they are in the state of beleevers , how can they be held under the fear of death ? To this I answer briefly ; there is faith in all the children of God that are effectually called , but we must know that Faith is considerable two wayes , first as it is in conflict , and secondly as it is out of conflict . Now the Faith of Gods servants in conflict , so sometime it is in conflict with fear , and sadness of spirit ; Why art thou cast down oh my soul ? why art thou disquieted within me ? &c. Sometime it is in conflict with reason and sense ; thus the people of Israel , when they came into the Wilderness ; they looked for nothing but dying , and destruction of nature ( for sense presented it to them , ) therefore saith Moses ( which is the voice of faith ) Stand still , and see the salvation of God , &c. Now in this conflict the success is doubtful , sometime ( as it was between Amalek and Israel fighting together ) Amalek prevailed , and Israel had the worst : sometime Israel prevailed , and Amalek had the worst , so somtime , Faith prevaileth against sense , and those fears that arise from sense , and sometime again carnal fears , and Sense prevaileth against Faith ; now accordingly are those effects in the hearts of Gods children . But secondly , sometime Faith is out of conflict , it now triumpheth in assurance , it is come now to full assurance of Faith , as it is called in the Scripture , and then there is nothing so comfortable , and desirable as death it self to the servants of God. So we see David in the 23. Psal . Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear none ill , for thou Lord art with me : And so the Apostle Saint Paul , triumpheth over all things , Nothing shall separate us from the love of God in Christ , neither principalities nor powers , nor life , nor death , nor things to come ; nothing shall do it , the Apostles faith now was out of conflict , it had got the field , the day of Sense , and now he looks on Death with comfort . So that I say in that measure that Faith works , in that measure , fear of death ceaseth . Secondly , it may be objected . But we see the servants of God are said to love the appearance of our Lord Iesus Christ , and the Apostle Paul is said to desire to be dissolved , and to be with Christ ; How can these stand with the fear of death , under which Gods servants are held ? To this I answer briefly . Gods servants must be considered in their desires two waies . First , in their general desires ; Secondly , in a particular state wherein they are . In their general course , their desire is most for the appearing of Christ , they most desire to be with him as best for them : but take them in some particular state wherein they are less provided , and less fitted and prepared , then , they may be at a stand in their desires , they may have the fear of death in them . As a wife , her general desire is for nothing so much as for the presence of her husband , yet she may be under some particular unfitness , there may be something or other in the way , that she would not have him come in at that instant , though her desire be for nothing so much as for his company . So it may be the case of the servants of God , they may say somtimes , Lord spare me a little before I go hence , to strengthen my faith , to perfect my repentance and holiness , to do some particular work , and the like . David considered this , that there was something that he might doe that he had not done , and that he would faine doe before he went : and so Hezekiah , and the rest of the servants of God. The point is clear . I come to the Application . It shall be a word of exhortation ( to cut of other uses ) and that is this . To stir up the servants of God , that if they be disposed to distempers under which they are held , that they are afraid to die , that therefore they labour by all good meanes , to shake off the feare of death . Why ? Consider and note well those two things that are in the Text. The first is this , that it is an uncomfortable state to be held under the feare of Death , you see it is called a Bondage here , and that is enough to show the uncomfortableness of it , he saith , by the feare of death , they were held in bondage all their life long . Now the fear of Death is a bondage principally in these two respects , first , because it is with them , as it is with a Bond-slave . A Bond-slave is afraid to looke on him that hath the command of him , he apprehendeth him as no freind , therefore he doth not love to looke on him : so it is in this case , when a man lookes upon Death as a thing that is no freind to him , he cannot abide to look on him , every thought of Death , is a presenting of death to him , and it is a miserable bondage , when a man cannot present Death to himself without fear . Secondly , there is this in it that makes it a bondage , it holdeth downe the spirit of a man. A bond-slave ( you know ) is bound with fetters and chaines in his captivity , so that he hath neither freedome of spirit , nor freedome of action : So it is with a man that is held under the fear of death , he cannot doe what he would , he cannot rejoyce in God ; he cannot delight in the apprehension of glory to come , he cannot entertain a thought of parting with things present , with that security , and comfort of heart , that he should doe , and all because this fear , ( as the setters ) bindeth his hands and his feet , and keepeth him in bondage . This is the first thing , the fear of death , to be held under it , it is an uncomfortable state . Secondly , as it is uncomfortable , so it is possible that the servants of God , may be free from these fears under which they are held . We see the text sheweth it , Christ came for this end , that having destroyed him that hath the power of death , that is the devil , he might deliver those , that for fear of death were held under bondage . Did Christ come for this end ? then it is possible to be had , for certainly Christ would not lose his end he came for : this was his end , not only to deliver them from eternal death but also from the fear of temporal death ; It is possible therefore ; The servants of God have found it , and therefore you shall see them brought in insulting , and triumphing , and glorying over Death ; Oh death , where is thy sting ? Oh Grave , where is thy victory , thanks be to God that hath given us victory , through Christ our Lord : When they looked upon Death through Christ , they looked on it without this fear , the sting and power is took out , the very nature of it is changed , and it is made now every way beneficial . I say it is possible , for we are regenerate , and begotten again to a lively hope , to an inheritance immortal and undefiled , and in what measure the hope of heaven is in the heart of man , in that measure the fear of death falleth in that heart , now it is possible that we may attain this fulness of hope , and therefore it is possible that we may be freed quite from the fear of Death . This may suffice by way of motive . A word or two by way of direction . If this be possible to be had , how shall the servants of God get it ? you see some of Gods servants are held under the fear of death , and that all their life long ; how shall we be freed from this fear ? I should now orderly take up the particulars laid down as causes , and shew that by these it is cured : as for instance . Doth God do this for this end , that he may humble a man ? then the more humble thou art , the less thou shalt be in the fear of Death , for God layeth these fears upon men to humble them , therefore labour for perfect humiliation , and thou shalt perfectly rid these fears out of thy heart : as we see plainly , the servants of God , the more humble they have grown , the less careful they have been of life , and the less fearful of Death : And so those servants of God that have been brought to deny themselves , and to renounce all their worldly expectation and advancements , they have alwaies been ready to die . Saint Paul was grown humble , and the Lord had prevailed upon him , kept down his spirit from being exalted above measure , and now ( faith he ) my life is not dear to me , he was content to lay down his life and all when he was humbled . Beloved , pride in some outward excellencies or other , setteth a man above his place , therefore when a man is took off from all that puffs up the spirit of a man , he will be content , to lay down any of those things , even life it selfe if need be . Again secondly ; Doth God do it to strengthen faith in a man ? then the more thou strengthenest faith , the more thou shalt be freed from these fears ; you know faith looks upon Christ as the proper object of it , and the more a man interesteth himself in Christ , the more by Christ , he is freed from the fear of Death , Christ hath redeemed us from the Grave and from Death , and therefore when by faith he looks upon Christ , and through him upon Death ; he looks upon that , as a thing made , instead of poison a medicine ; instead of a destroyer , a Saviour and deliverer , as a means to free him from the bondage of sin and misery and afflictions , &c. Thirdly ; Doth God do this , that he may make men more holy and watchful in their course ? then certainly the more thou canst purge out thy sin in the course of thy life , the less thou shalt fear death . The sting of Death is sin , then if thou wilt have Death comfortable , let thy life be conformable to Gods rule and word , or else every sin will present it selfe in death before thee , specially those sins , thou allowest thy self in , will make Death as bitter as Hell. Fourthly ; Doth God do it for this end , that he may make thee better prepared for death ? Then the more thou art prepared for Death beforehand , the less thou shalt fear it , when it cometh upon thee , it will not come as a stranger , but thou wilt be ready to receive it , as one with whom thou art acquainted already . It is a great matter if men could learn this wisdome to die daily ; that is , be every day imployed , as dying daily : I mean for the manner of your carriage , not for the matter , for the substance of the duty . If a man were sure to die this day he would lay aside all business , and set himself to be prepared for judgment , and would lay aside the use of any other comforts and delights . But this is not the meaning , but this , that we carry our selves in business every day , as if death should seize upon us in that business , that we might be found well-doing ; that is , when a man followeth his earthly business with a heavenly mind , when he keepeth to the rule of righteousness , and truth in his ordinary calling , when he is doing , or receiving good in his company , when he useth his pleasures and recreations , as the whet-stone to the Sithe , to make him fitter for God ; I say , when thus we do things to a right end , and in a right manner ; if Death now should seize upon us in such an action , it should find us well-doing : And this is that we perswade you to , if you would have death comfortable , and not tertible , be so imployed , as that your actions may be good , both for matter and forme , that you are now about , because Death may stricke you in such an action . But I cannot stand on these particulars . Again , for the causes in our selves ; If you would be freed from the terrours of Death , then rectifie your apprehensions and opinions of Death , think of it as it is , as it is I say to beleevers , to those that are in Christ . It is not the destruction of nature , and so a natural Ill , as you account it ; It is rather a cure of nature ; for assoon as ever we live , we are dying , and all our life , it is but a living death , a continual decaying and dying . Now when death cometh , it putteth an end to all the decayes of nature , and setteth all right again . It is but a sleep , and sleep it is not a destruction , but a help of the body , and that which inableth to vigour and strength , and fitnesse to action . Again , it is not the distruction of any part of a man , the body it self is not destroyed : indeed it is in the Grave , but it is in the grave , as in a bed of peace , They shall come and rest in their beds ( saith the Prophet ; ) The grave is but as a bed wherein the body lies asleep , and no man ( you know ) is troubled with fear that he goeth to bed . The grave is but as Gods chest to keep in all his Treasure , whereof the bodies of his servants are a part , precious to him , even in the grave , in death , Precious in the sight of the Lord , is the death of his Saints ; and God will open this Cabinet , and the Chest of the Grave , in the great day of the Resurrection , and bring the body out again , and then it shall be as good as ever it was ; nay , I say not only as good , but much better too , for our vile bodies shall be made like the glorious body of Christ . Phil 3. No man when he goeth to bed , thinks much to have his old cloathes taken off , that they may be mended , and made better against morning . When we sleep in the Grave , it is no more but this , the garment of the soul , the body , the old apparel , that is taken off , that it may be made better , and a more glorious body , this is all , we lose nothing by it , but our estates , even our bodily estate is bettered by it . And for the Soul , Death doth not destroy that neither , for know this , the soul liveth for ever , the bodie indeed returneth to the Earth as it was , but the soul returneth to God that gave it ; The soul I say liveth , that is the thing that Christ himself proveth in 22. Mat. Abraham is alive , why so ? for God is not the God of the dead , but of the living ; for God said , I am the God of Abraham , &c. How can this be , that God is the God of Abraham , and yet he is dead ? Indeed he is dead , if we looke to the separation of the soul and body , in the cessation of bodily actions ; but if we looke to the better part of Abraham , his soul , that continueth , the everliving God hath made an everlasting Covenant with him , and therefore he dieth not . Again it is not only , not the destruction of nature , but not of your actions neither , Death doth not destroy them neither ; Indeed there is a cessation of bodily actions , but it is , that the body may have better strength , and be the fitter instrument of holiness after : But for those actions of the soul , that depend not upon the body ; they are as perfectly done , when we are dead , as when we are alive , and better too , When a man liveth upon the earth ( you see , ) his soul is much hindered by the body ; A distempered sick crazie body , or a full well-fed body , is a hinderance to the soul , because of that tie that is between the body , and the soul , and the spirit : so there is a simpathy , the soul is affected somewhat in this sense . But it is not so then , the soul shall be loosed from the body , and so freer for spiritual actions then now it is . The souls under the Altar , they crie , How long Lord , holy and just , wilt thou not revenge our bloud upon them that are upon the earth ? The souls of Gods servants you see then are glorified , when they are out of the body , and therefore shall glorifie God more prefectly , and enjoy God more freely and fully , then now while their souls are in these mortal bodies . And at that very instant , when the soul of Cods servant is carried out of the body to heaven , it more perfectly injoyeth Christ , and is more sensible , and more fit to answer the love of Christ to him , then ever when it was in the body . So then here is a cessation of baser actions and imployments , to give place to more noble , and heavenly , and excellent actions , wherein the soul shall be employed in heaven . There is then no losse of actions neither . Again , there is no losse of company . This is a thing that troubleth men , husband and wife to part , friends to part . But we lose no company by death , howsoever we lose the company of men , that we cannot assure ourselves friends indeed : for of all the friends we speak of in the main point , when they come to be tryed , there are few to be found to be friends : But then , we go to them whose love is perfect , than you may be sure of , and have the truth of their love . Again , how little comfort , nay how little have you company with those friends you desire ? Is not much part of our life spent without any sight of our friends ? Is not half of it spent in sleep in the night ? and the other half in businesse and pleasure ? Alas ! how little time have we to enjoy our friends we rest on ? But then , we shall perfectly enjoy them , when there shall be no need of sleep , when there shall be perfection of love , and freedom from distraction and imployment , when the servants of God shall fully , and freely , and sweetly , and comfortably enjoy one the other . Abraham , and Isaac , and Jacob , and the meanest of the Saints , shall meet in the expression of love , in such a perfection as we cannot speak of . And this is certain , you shall go to many . Who can tell the dvst of Jacob ? Now you have some one , or two , or three , or a few men or women that you account friends , and dote much upon , but then you shall have ennumerable company , a world of friends of men and women , multitudes , they cannot be numbred , they are as the stars of heaven for number . I say there is no losse of company by this means . Again , you shall lose no pleasures by death , it may be you shall lose some few sensual bruitish pleasures , a few mixed , corrupt pleasures , pleasures that have the mixture of sorrow and fear in them , that imbitters them to the soul of a man , but it shall not be so then : you shall be freed from imperfect pleasures , and have perfect ones at Gods right hand for evermore , pure pleasures . Again , you lose no necessary convenience neither , the rich man loseth no riches by death ; he loseth his money , doth he lose his riches therefore ? No ; The Angels are rich , but they have no money ; the Saints are rich , they want nothing , but they have no money . It may be thou losest a child , thou shalt find a Father ; it may be thou losest a weak friend ; that loveth not long , or it may be not so truly as thou thinkest he doth ; and thou findest friends that are many and perfect , and pure in their love , that love with a perfect heart ; And what then are all those losses , when you enjoy that which shall make the soul happy for ever ? Thus I say you shall rectifie your opinions concerning Death , look upon it aright , have true apprehensions of it . Get an intrest in Christ , and look on death through him , get faith , and then all these things that I have spoken shall be your advantage , so the Apostle concludeth , Christ is to us in life and in death advantage ; If we live he is gain to us in life , and if we die , he is advantage to us in death . And death is reckoned amongst the special favours and priviledges Christ hath given to his Church ; All are yours , what all ? life and death , things present , and things to come ; all are yours , and you are Christs , and Christ is Gods. So we see that Death is amongst the priviledges that Christ hath given his Church , therefore rectifie your opinions concerning Death , make good that I spake before , and you shall find this good that I now speak . And for the last , the unacquaintance with Death : let not that trouble you , none come from the dead to tell you what is done there , but look on the servants of God before , and when they die , and you shall find enough how they apprehended Death , when they have looked on it in the glasse of the Gospel . Look upon them before death , Jacob being to close up his dayes with blessing of his children ; Lord ( saith he ) I have maited for thy salvation . He looked upon Death through Christ , the Saviour of the world ? that he should be saved by him : and though it be true that there is a further meaning for the Tribes in those words of Jacob , yet this was proper to Jacob himself , he looked upon Death now approaching , as that that he was delivered from , and set into that freedom purchased by Christ . So old Simeon , Lord , now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace according to thy word , for mine eyes have seen thy salvation ; Jacoh accounted it his salvation ; old Simeon , a departure from a worse place to a better , from worse company and comforts to a better ; A change for the better still , and a departing in peace . Again secondly , look on the servants of God in death , see what they have said too : Josiah , a man that was upright in heart , he went to the grave in peace , he was gathered to his fathers in peace , that he should not see the evill that should come upon his people : here is all : it was but a peaceable taking of him away from a more troubelous condition if he had lived longer●… Beloved , he died in war , yet it is said he was gathered in peace ; he had inward peace with God , though he failed in that particular action . And the Apostle in the 2 Cor. 5.4 . This is our desire that we may be clothed upon , not that we would be unclothed , but clothed upon , that mortality may be swallowed up of life . A strange speech , he counteth death life to him , he counteth the death of this life , to be the death of mortality , by laying aside this earthly tabernacle ( as he said in the first verse ) mortality is swallowed up of life : And therefore you give wrong names to things , for while you live , you die , because your life it is a dying condition , and while you die , you live , because then the cessation of life it is as the river Jordan to the people of Israel , no more but a passage to Canaan , not a floud to drown them ; so it is with the servants of God , death is but a passage to heaven , it is not destructive to them . So that if men did but rectifie their opinions of Death ( as I told you before ) when their hearts are right set , when they are humbled , and not lifted up with worldly things , when their faith is strengthned , and setled in them , when they are made watchful in a holy course , looking for Death , when they are established with the assurance of Gods favour , then I say they may find that all these natural fears of death were upon mistake , they did not rightly apprehend the thing . Other things I should have added , but I am loth to hold you too long . A word for the occasion ; and so I will conclude : the departure of our Sister here was the occasion , as of this meeting here , so of this Text in particular . She gave good evidence to those that knew her more inwardly , that she was in Christ , that the was delivered not onely from eternal death , but from fear of tempor all death too . It pleased God to exercise her a great while under the fear of death , the apprehension of it was of some terrour to her , but neverthelesse when God called her to it indeed , then the fear of death was hid from her , and Christ then applied the fruit of his death , in freeing her from those fears . She was not freed from them out of a Stoycal Appethy , or want of natural affection and passion , but out of a spiritual and faithful application of Christ to her selfe upon good grounds . She looked upon God as her Father , and much delighted to expresse her apprehension of him under that notion , and she very often manifested her rejoycing in that interest she had in God , as his child : no marvel then if the fear of death were taken away : we see here in the text , that they are children that are delivered from the fear of death . When we are in the state of Gods children by adoption and grace , then there is rather a desire , then a fear of death : It is but as our Fathers white Horse , so it is called in the Revelation . A child at school , when he seeth one riding post through the streets , as if he would run over him , or tread upon him , he cryeth out : But if he sees that it is his fathers man sent to bring him from school to his Fathers house , all his fear is past , and he laugheth and rejoyceth . So when we are the sons and daughters of God by adoption , we apprehend Death as our Fathers pale Horse , sent by him to bring us , from a place of prison on earth ; home to our Fathers house , a place of liberty in heaven ; So it was with her . She looked upon Christ as her Husband , and though she left a husband upon earth , yet ( it was her owne expression ) she was to go to her Husband in heaven , which was farre better for her . And therefore ( I say ) having these apprehensions of God as her Father , and that she was adopted to the estate of a child by grace , and looking upon Christ as her husband , no marvel she was freed from the fear of Death . And that these were upon good grounds , those that knew her course best , knew that she expressed it by her abundant care to please God , by her desire to serve God , by her endeavour to mortifie and subdue ill in her selfe , by her growth in grace in her latter times , these good evidences did shew that it was not a rash and groundlesse perswasion , but a true and real apprehension of God and Christ that freed her from this Fear of death . Beloved , many times the life of Gods servants is uncomfortable to them , because ( for some of those reasons I have spoken of before ) they are afraid of Death , and they apprehend it not with comfort , and this they doe , because they see not the interest they have in better comforts then Death can take from them ; I have the rather therefore spoke this of her , that you may take notice of it , and apply it to your selves . And to conclude , make this use of all , to grow more humble , and watchful , and holy , to strengthen faith more , and by dying daily to prepare more for Death : For faith is the rectified apprehension of things : Death it is not so fearful as you think it is , you lose not so much as you think you lose . Nay again , because this trouble , and this fear dishonoureth God , therefore when God calleth us to Death , he hideth these fears from us , as he did from this servant of Christ at this time before us ; though she were fearful before , yet she was exceeding comfortable all the time , when the apprehension of Death approached upon her . So it shall be with thee , if thou be careful to use the means to prepare for Death : mind thou the dutie that God enjoyneth thee in thy life , and leave the event and issue to him ; either he will glorifie himself by thy fears , or else he will glorifie himself by delivering thee from thy fears . THE PERFECTION OF PATIENCE OR THE COMPLEATE CHRISTIAN . SERMON IV. JAMES 1.4 . But let Patience have her perfect work , that you may be perfect and intire , wanting nothing . IN the second verse of this Chapter , the Apostle perswadeth the distrest servants of God to bear their afflictions chearfully , My Brethren ( saith he ) count it all joy , when you fall into divers tentations : This Exhortation he presseth in the third verse , by shewing the gracious effects of tentations , when God sanctifieth them ; Knowing this , that the tryal of your faith worketh patience . Yea , but if this be all the fruit of our afflictions and tentations , that we shall be made patient , what great matter is that ? what great advantage cometh by patience ? It is but a dull grace , it is meerly passive ? He telleth them , that it is such a grace , as is necessary to the beeing , and perfection of a Christian , in the words that I have now read to you , Let patience have her perfect work , that you may be perfect , and intire , wanting nothing . I shall speak something for the explication of the terms and phrases used here , and then come to elect such points as shall offer themselves to us from them . First I will shew , what is meant by patience . Secondly , what is meant by Patience having her parfect work . Thirdly , what is meant by this , that doing of this , they shall be perfect and intire wanting nothing . Patience ( in a word ) it is a grace or fruit of Gods spirit , whereby the heart of a beleever willingly submiteth it self to the will of God in all afflictions , and changes in this life . I say , it is a work or fruit of Gods spirit . In respect of this work , the efficient is called , The God of Patience and long suffering ( which is the same with Patience ) is made a fruit of the Spirit , Gal. 5.22 . The subject of this , is the heart . The act of this Patience , is to submit a mans self willingly to God in afflictions : I say willingly , for there is a submission which is by force ; when God subjects a man to himselfe , not by a gratious and sweet inclining of the will , but by a powerful subduing of the person . Now , when I say there is such a willing submission to God in afflictions ; the meaning is thus ; That there may be in a believer , in a child of God , a Velietie , an inclination of the will , a natural desire to be freed from Afflictions , yet nevertheless there is in him that willingness that is here the Patience of a Christian . There may be a willingness , & an unwllingness in one and the same person arising from divers principles . In every renewed soul , there is is a principle of nature , and a principle of grate , ( I speak not now of corrupt nature , but of pure nature , for we may so speak . ) There is a desire that ariseth from nature , and that tendeth to the conservation of a mans beeing , and to the conservation of a man in all the comforts , and contentments of his beeing : This is and may be in a child of God. But then it is overswayed by grace , which makes a man now resign up this will of his to Gods hand , to be content ( against his own natural desires , ) to be disposed of according to Gods will. This we may see in our Lord and Saviour : Father ( faith he ) if it be possible , let this cup pass from me . Hear is a desire to keep , not onely in his natural beeing , but to keep in the comfort of nature and life : And this is lawful and a good desire ; for these affections , are the works of God upon the soul of man. The will of man moveth naturally by these affections , these desires they are the fruits of nature , and so the works of God in nature , and therefore not simply to be blamed . But now that which keepeth them within compass , is an over-ruling work of grace , whereby the creature is made to acknowledge his distance from the Creatour , and that subjection he oweth to God , as the soveraign Lord of nature , and of all creatures . And in this sense our Saviour Christ doth check his natural desires ; if it be possible let this cup pass from me , nevertheless , not as I will , but as thou wilt , faith he . So here is a work of grace , ordering and over-ruling nature , that it might not exceed that proportion of the creature , and those desires that should be in nature . So then you see what kind of willingness we mean , such a kind of willingness , as in the issue and close resteth in Gods will. The object of this Patience is Afflictions , and the changes of this life . Affliction is properly any thing that is grievous to a mans sense , any thing that crosseth a mans will. There are some things that indeed are Afflictions , but not to this or that person , because he is not sensible of them , or because he is not carried with any desires against them : But when a man is crost in his will , that is an affliction to him ; but specially when this is set on him with a change , when God brings , as Job speaks , changes upon him , when a man is in another turning and course of life , this is an affliction indeed . A man that hath tasted the sweetness of prosperity now to be left in affliction , this was Jobs case , and this is specially the object of Patience . You have heard of the Patience of Job . But how did Jobs Patience appear in the Afflictions , in the changes of his life ? That notwithstanding he had felt the sweeness of a prosperous estate , and the comfort of freinds , yea , and the comfort of Gods favour shining upon his heart , and many other particular mercies , yet when God turned his hand , and took away the comforts of his life , the comfort and society of his freinds , the comfortable expressions of his own love to his soul , and threatned the taking away even of life it self ; Job could now in this case resolve to rest in the determination , and appointment and will of God. Here is Patience now . Thus briefly you have heard what the duty is , to which the Apostle exhorteth ; It is Patience , that is , a willing resigning of our selves to Gods appointment in the changes of our life . But now that is not enough , the Apostle contents not himself , to say ; Have Patience , but let Patience have her perfect work ; He would have them grow in Patience , to grow from one degree to another , to abound in Patience ( as the Apostle speaks of Hope and Joy in Rom. 15.13 . ) that they might not only have patience , but have it brought to perfection , which in Coll. 1. 11. is called all long suffering , that there might not be the least defect , that they might have a measure of patience proportionable to the measure of Tryals : that look as God increased the measure of their tryals upon them , so they might have patience to answer those tryals , somewhat to support the heart , when the greatest weight should be laid upon the soul to press it down : so the word Hipomene , that is translated patience signifieth , to bear up a man , to support him under a burthen , that he be not prest down by it . So he would have them have such a measure of Patience , as might bear up the soul in the greatest pressures , that though they were afflicted , they might not be broken in their afflictions . Thus you have the duty opened ; Let Patience have her perfect work . The reason is , that you may be perfect and entire wanting nothing . That you may be intire . Some understand it thus , that you may be intire in respect of every grace , in respect of all gracious habits , that you may have one grace as well as another , that as you have knowledge and faith , so you may have Patience too , that which is so necessary a grace for a Christian , as well as any other . Others by intireness here , and wanting nothing , think that the Apostle meant this , that they might have that which might supply comfort to their souls in all their wants , A man is then said to want nothing , when he is content and satisfied with that estate wherein he is , as if he had all things : So David , when Ziglag was burnt , his Wives carried away captive , his souldiers began to mutiny , and threaten him , yet nevertheless he seemed to want nothing , when he could comfort himself in the Lord his God. Godliness is great gain ; ( but how ? ) with contentment ; that is , there is such a sufficiency with contentment of heart , as if a man had the things he wants . So then hear is the thing , that you may be intire , in respect of all gracious habits , necessary to the beeing of a Christian , that you may have that inward store and supply of comfort , that may support your hearts in all outward wants . Thus you have the meaning of the words . The parts are two . An exhortation to duty . An argument to enforce that exhortation . The duty whereto they are exhorted is , that they should be perfect in Patience ; let Patience have her perfect work . The Argument whereby they are perswaded to this duty , is that they may be intire , and wanting nothing , that they may have all that is necessary to a Christian . We will observe two Conclusions hence , which we shall follow at this time . The first is this ; That Patience is necessary to the perfection of a Christian . Or , A Christian is not perfect without patience . The second is this ; That every Christian should strive for a perfection of degrees of Patience . Or , that a Christian must labour to attaine the highest degree and perfection in Patience . These two Conclusions we will handle apart in the Explication and proof ; and joyn them together in the application and use . For the first then , that A Christian is not perfect without patience . Our Saviour exhorting his Disciples to patience ( in the fifth of Matth. ) because they should meet with many enemies , & injuries in the world , he concludeth , be perfect ( faith he ) as your heavenly father is perfect . What perfection speaks he of here ? Such a perfection , such a work of Grace , as might inable them to carry themselves , as became them in the middest of those many enemies and opposites they should meet withal . I will not stand upon this , I will endeavour to make it appear to you . First it may appear thus . There is a twofold perfection of a Christian ; There is a perfection of parts , and a perfection of degrees . A child is a perfect man in respect of parts , but not in respect of degrees , because it is not come to that measure of strength ( for that age is not capable of it ) which a man hath . Now there is a necessity that there should be a perfection of parts . First , perfection of parts in a Christian , is but the making up of all those graces which are necessary to a Christian , and without which he cannot obey God , nor walk according to the rule : All these are necessary : Now Patience is one of those parts , one of those habits of grace with which every renewed soul is indowed , and without which a man is not truly sanctified , without which a man expresseth himself not to be regenerate . And for this observe what the Apostle Peter saith , Ad moreover to your faith , vertue , to vertue knowledge , to knowledg temperance , to temperance patience , to patience godlinesse , to godlinesse brotherly kindnesse , to brotherly kindnesse love ; What is the reason of it ? If these things be in you and abound , you shall neither be idle , nor unfruitful in the work of the Lord. As if he should say , you will be idle and unfruitful professors , unlesse that these graces be in you , and abound in you . Now what are the Graces ? you shall see the necessity of every one of them ; The Apostle exhorteth beleevers there , to the giving all diligence to the making their calling and election sare , to make it certain to themselves that they are effectually called . But might some say , there are many graces necessary to a Christian , but there is one principal , which we call the radical and main grace of all , Faith ? I but saith the Apostle , there are many others necessary besides that , as you must have faith towards God , so you must also carry your selves so , as may adorne your profession among men , therefore adde vertue to faith . But they might say , vertue , that is that that guideth a man in all Morrals , in all the course of his life and conversation ? You shall have many provocations to sin , therefore adde to vertue temperance . But we have many discouragements to good ? therefore adde to temperance Patience . But what though you should have both temperance and Patience , these are but moral vertues ? Therefore adde to Patience godlinesse , that you may in all things you doe , ayme at God , and approve your selves to him . But when we have carried our selves in a holy manner , according to the rule and word of God , yet nevertheless there are many Christians that require offices of love from us , and what shall we doe to these ? Therefore adde to godlinesse brotherly kindnesse . But then again beside that conversation we have with beleevers , there are many men in the world that expect certaine duties from us ? Therefore adde to that , Love , that extendeth to all men according to their necessities . So you see how the Apostle takes all graces , as it were into several parcels , and sheweth how they cannot be without one parcel of grace , they cannot goe through the course of Christianitie , except they heve every thing ; they cannot carry themselves toward God without faith : they cannot adorne their profession without vertue ; they cannot escape temptations without temperance ; neither can they be encouraged against discouragements without patience ; Therefore he bringeth patience in amongst the rest , as a necessary part and dutie of a Christian without which he cannot goe through the worke of Christiantie and religion . Again in the second place , as it appeareth by the parts of a Christian and Christianity , that a man cannot be perfect without Patience , so it appeareth by another argument , and that is this ; A Christian cannot be perfect without that , without which he cannot keep that grace he hath . Look what ever grace is in the soul , a man cannot keep it without Patience . By Patience possesse your souls . The soul which is the seate and subject of Grace , cannot it self be kept without Patience , therefore neither can any grace be kept in the soul without Patience : because as the riches and treasures in a Castle cannot be kept , when the walls are beaten downe , so those treasures of grace in the heart of man cannot be kept , when once patience , which is as the wall of the soul , that keeps it from the battery of tentations , from the enemie that would steale them away while men sleep ; I say , unlesse these walls , these supporting graces , specially this of Patience be in the soul , it cannot stand intire . For indeed let impatience once into the soul , and you let in all sin with it ; impatience is a destroying of all grace , a pulling downe of the wall . Nay , what is sin indeed , but impatience in a sense ? What is pride , but the impatience of humilitie ? What is uncleannesse , but the impatience of chastity ? What is drunkennesse , but the impatience of sobrietie ? Every sin beginneth in impatience , when a man cannot bear with that abstinence , and forbearance as formerly , cannot keep that strict course in his wayes , but groweth impatient against the rule of God , he runneth into a course of sin presently . So you see that for the very preserving the soul , the subject of grace , and grace the treasure of the soul , it is necessary that we should have patience . And then again thirdly ; It will appear thus to you , that a Christian cannot be perfect without patience ; because he cannot doe his worke without Patience ; he cannot doe the works of Religion , the taske that God layes upon him without Patience . Looke in what measure Patience is defective , in that measure he halteth in his dutie , in the very actions of Religion he goeth about . Take any one duty of Religion that you can name , see whether a man can doe that without Patience . Suppose it be Prayer ; How can a man goe on in the duty of prayer without Patience ? Sometimes God delayeth the grant of a mans petition : A man will now sink , and give over in discouragement , if he have not Patience to support the soul . The Canaanitish woman , when she came to Christ , and spake once to him , and he did not answer a word ; she had so much Patience as to make her speak the second time to him , then he answered her , but churlishly ; but yet her Patience held her to the third tryal , at last she received her desire : had she not been Patient to go on with her request , she had lost her petition . The Apostle Paul in 2 Cor. 12. for this thing ( faith he ) I besought the Lordthrice , He would have given over at the first seeking of the Lord , if he had not had Patience to uphold him to the second , and third petition , to the renewing of his suit twice , nay thrice . Come from praying to hearing the Word preached ; how can a man hear the word profitably without Patience ? therefore the good ground is said to hear the Word , and to bring forth fruit with Patience : and it is the commendation of the Church of Philadelphia , Thou hast kept the word of my Patience . There is a necessity of Patience , if a man will profit by the Word . For first , if a man will obey the Word , he shall be sure to have many set against him in the world , he had need of Patience then , or else he will leave the rule of the Word , because of the reproaches of the world . Again , there are many secret corruptions in his own heart that will be met with in the preaching of the Word , which a man cannot abide to hear of , but he will be vexing and fretting , and discontented at it ( as we see in Ahab and divers others ) unlesse he have Patience to keep him from raging against the Preacher , and preaching of the Word . You have need of Patience then ( as the Apostle faith ) that you may bear thereproofs , and exhortations of the Word . Therefore faith the Apostle James , Receive with Patience the ingrafted Word , or receive with meeknesse , the ingrafted Word , that is able to save your souls . There is no ingrafting the Word in the heart , except those forms of impatience , those hinderances of the growth of the Word be taken away But further , there is yet a further end : the whole life of a Christian is a continual exercise of Patience , there is a necessity of it , for he cannot persevere without Patience , it is impossible for a man to begin in the spirit , but he shall end in the flesh , if he have not Patience to persevere in well doing . Therefore faith the Apostle , You have need of Patience , that after you have obeyed , you might receive the promise . You have need of Patience , for between the time of the making of the Promise , and the time of the accomplishment of the Promise to the soul , there is a great distance many times , therefore ye have need of Patience , to waite , that after you have obeyed the Word , you might receive the promise . Let us run with Patience the race that is set before us , looking to Jesus the Authour , and finisher of our faith . Our Lord Jesus himself had not perfected the worke of our redemption , if he had wanted Patience : neither can we finish our course of Christianity ( wherein we must follow Christ ) and run the race that is set before us , except we have Patience added to other graces . You see then a Christian cannot be perfect without Patience ; First , because he cannot have all the parts of Christianity , that is one thing . Secondly , because he cannot keep and preserve the graces he hath , that is another thing . Thirdly , because he cannot act and work according to the rule , that is the third . Lastly , because he cannot perservere in the course he is in , except he have Patience . There is a necessity of Patience to the prefection of a Christian . Secondly , the second point was , That it is the duty of a Christian to strive to bring Patience to the uttermost perfection , to be as perfect in the degrees of Patience as he can attain to , to make this the strife of his life , that Patience may have her perfect work , that there may be no defect in it . The Apostle prayeth for the Collossians , that they may be strengthned in the inward man to all long suffering . And when our Saviour setteth God as a pattern before men , Be you perfect , as your heavenly Father is perfect ; What aymeth he at in that place but this ? that we should strive to the uttermost extent , and highest degrees of Patience , for our Saviour intendeth of Patience in that place . This then is the duty of a Christian . Why so ? First , because a Christian is to follow the best pattern : the best patterns are propounded in the Scripture . And God doth not propound examples and Patterns to men in vain : but as he giveth them rules to tell them what they should do , so he giveth them examples and patterns to lead them to that degree , and direct them in the manner of doing . Therefore ye have God himself set as a pattern of Patience : Follow God as dear children ; wherein ? In all those examples wherein you have a rule . For all the examples of God , and Christ , and the Saints , bind no further , then there is a rule in the Word . There are many things wherein we cannot follow God and Christ , and we need not follow every one of the Saints ; but those things that are injoyned by the rule , these examples are set to direct us in obedience to that rule . Amongst other things , the Patience of God is set forth as a pattern for us to follow . In that glorious proclamation made of him , in Exod. 34.7 , 8. Among other of his attributes , he is set out to be a God long suffering and Patient . You see how patient God is ( faith the Apostle ) And God that he might shew his long-suffering and Patience , bore with the world , faith Saint Peter ; With what world ? with the world of ungodly men . God hath born with the world many Ages of years , many thousand years already , and yet beareth still with the world . The most holy God that perfectly hateth wickednesse , yet to shew his Patience , he beareth with ungodly ones : Yea , and he beareth with men too : the mighty God , that is able to destroy all the world , with the very breath of his mouth , that as with a word he made the world , so with a blast he is able to bring it to nothing , yet this mighty God beareth with men , this holy God , with ungodly men ; yea , and this God that might suddenly destroy the earth , as he did the old World with water , he beareth so many thousand years with the world of ungodly men , that his Patience and long-suffering may appear . You have God for an example then . And Christ for an example too : and you are predestinated for this very end , to be like the Image of the Son , to be made conformable unto Christ ; Wherein ? In all imitable and necessary graces . I say , in all those graces that are necessary , by vertue of a rule , and that are imitable , wherein we may or can follow him . Amongst the rest this is one , his Patience . See the Patience of Christ . In his carriage toward his Father , how he bore the displeasure of his Father : In his carriage toward men , when he might have commanded fire from heaven , yet you see how he bore with them , and rebuked his Disciples , You know not of what spirit you are . He was lead as a lambe , dumb before the shearers ; and he opened not his mouth . Again , you have the examples of the servants of God. Take my brethren ( faith Saint James ) the Prophets who have spoken in the name of the Lord , for an ensample of suffering affliction , and of Patience . The Prophets suffered long , and endured the frowns of the world , and the rage of Princes , they endured a thousand miseries , and all to discharge their duty . But amongst all the servants of God , You have heard of the Patience of Job , and what end the Lord made with him . Every man can speak of the patience of Job , but this was written for our ensample , to teach us to be patient as he was : Whatsoever things were written afore-time , were written for our learnings , that we through Patience , and comfort of the Scriptures , might have hope . Again secondly , as it is necessary for a Christian to strive for the perfection of Patience in the degrees of it , because of the conformity that should be between him , and those examples of God , of Christ , and of the Saints , between God the Father , and beleevers his children ; between Christ the head , and beleevers his members ; between the Saints of God , children of the same Father , and servants of the same Master , that should honour him in the same grace of Patience . So There is a necessity likewise of it , in respect of the tryals whereunto a Christian may be put : you had need to strive that you may be perfect in Patience , because you know not what tryals ye shall be put to , what times ye are reserved to . Every man must expect troubles and afflictions , they are called Tribulations , and you know what Tribulum was , the Iron ball that was full of pikes round about , so that wheresoever it was cast it did stick ; and Engine used in war : Tribulations are unavoydable they will fall and stick , ye cannot escape them on any side , by any turning to the right hand , or to the left . It is the will of God , that through many tribulations we should enter into the kingdome of heaven : and whosoever will live Godly in Christ Jesus must suffer persecution . Now ( beloved ) is this so , that this is a Statute in heaven , decreed , and ordained by God , and will not be reversed , like the lawes of the Medes and Persians , that every man must passe to heaven through tribulation , and affliction upon earth ; then it concerns every one to be armed , to get such a measure of patience as may support him in such afflictions . Ye know not what afflictions ye may have , what particular tryals God may put ye to : In what a miserable case then is a man , if he be to seek of his armour ; when he is in the middest of the pikes ; if he be then to get patience , when he is in the middest of tryals , when he is disturbed and distracted with vexation of spirit ? What foolish disorderly speeches proceed from men in the time of affliction ? We may see it in David , so foolish was I and ignorant , and in this point a beast before thee . What foolish , sensual , beastly speeches , unreasonable absurd passages proceed from men in those times of trouble , if they have not got to themselves before hand this grace , and are not fitted to a Christian carriage in time by patience . Thus ye see the necessity of patience to the perfection of a Christian , and the necessity of the perfection of patience to the ornament of a Christian . Now we come to make use of both these together . First , it serveth for the just reproof of Christians that are careful for other parts , and acts of religion , and are not so seriously mindful of this duty of patieuce as they should be , but are so farre from striving for patience , that they seem rather to strive for impatience , that make their crosses more heavy , and their afflictions more bitter then they would be . Indeed we make Gods Cup ( that of it self is grievous enough to nature and to sense ( by putting into it our own ingredients , that are inbred in our own passions , and pride and self-will , and our own earthly minds , farre more bitter then else it would be . But how doth a man make afflictions worse ? There are divers wayes that men take , wherein they are so far from perfecting Patience in themselves , that they wholly destroy Patience . The first is , by their agravating of their afflictions , by all the several circumstances that possible they can invent . All their eloquence is used in expressing the grievousness of that cross and affliction that is upon them . They that in the times of mercy could scarce ever drop a word in thankfulness , and acknowledgement of Gods goodness to them , now they can pour out flouds of sentences in expression of Gods bitter , and heavy dealing with them in such afflictions , and crosses , and distresses that befal them . As the Church speaks in the Lamentations ; Consider all that pass by , is there any affliction like my affliction , wherewith the Lord hath afflicted me ? The like speech you have ordinarily in the mouths of persons ; Is there any affliction like mine ? there is no body so wronged in their name as I ; nor hath such pain in their body , nor never went with such an heavy heart as I ; never any man suffered so many injuries by freinds and enemies , and all sorts of people , as I have done : at if all the afflictions in the world , the flouds and waves of tryalls , were all met upon one person . This is the language of men , whereby they aggravate their afflictions , and increase impatience in themselves . Again , another way whereby they do is , is this ; By giving vent and free course to their passions , Passions are like a wild horse , if they have not reines put upon them , if they be not pulled in , they will flie out to all excesse . If once we give our Passions vent , there is no stoping of them . David , we see checks himself , he had a curb to bridle his passions ; Why art thou cast downe , oh my soule ? But otherwise when men give the reines to their passion , and doe not stop their course , but think they have reason for it , they break out into all exhorbitancie . Ionah , when the Lord challenged him for his anger , Dost thou well to be angry ? I ( saith he ) I doe well to be angry even to the death . So David , Oh Absalom , my sonne , would God I had died for thee ; Oh Absalom , my sonne my sonne . What hurt was done to David ? what wrong had the man to take on thus ? his sonne was tooke from him , but it was Absalom : Absalom died , but it was Absolom that would have killed his father : and yet he takes on , as if the father could not live , because the sonne that sought his death , was tooke from him . Such unreasonable Passions , such causelesse distempers oft-times are in the soules of men , that they mistake Gods wayes , and that very way that he intendeth them good in , they complain of , as if it were their utter undoing , Again thirdly , another way whereby men increase their impatience and distemper is , when they will not give way to comfort : they will not only be exceeding vehement and intent upon their Passions , but besides , stop all passages and in-lets , against comfort ; It was Iacobs fault concerning the death of Joseph : When he heard that Joseph was dead , not onely his heart sunck within him , but he rends his garments , and covereth himselfe with sack-cloth , he takes on so , that when his sonnes and children rose up to comfort him , he would not be comforted : Why ? Because Joseph was not , and I will go to the grave to Joseph : nothing would comfort Jacob but he would goe downe to the grave to Joseph by all means . What a great matter was this ? He only heard that Joseph was dead , he was alive , he knew not so much but he heard a present sound of fear , and he was carried away with that . So it is with us , the very apprehension of our feares are as bad to us , as the things themselves could possible be . Nay we multiply upon our selves , our fears , and we will not hear counsel and comfort , as Rachel , that mourned for her children , and would not be comforted , because they were not . Again , a fourth thing whereby men increase impatience in themselves , and aggravate their sorrowes , is this , when men look only upon the present afflictions , and not upon the mercies they have : as if they had but one eye to behold all objects with , as if they could look but upon one thing at once : there should be a looking upon the affliction , and there should be a looking upon the mercy too . This was Hamans case : when he was vexed that Mordecay did not do him reverence , all his wealth and his honours could do him no good : he had much wealth , and the glory of his house was increased , he had the favour of the King , and was inclining to have the honour of the Queen put upon him ; yet all this availeth me nothing ( saith he ) so long as I see Mordecay the Jew sitting in the Kings gate . He looks only on this particular that vexed and grieved him , and not upon the rest . So it is with us , if there be but one particular affliction upon us , we fix our eyes upon that : Like a Flie , that flieth about the glass , and can stick no where till she come to some crack : or as a Gnat that cometh about the body of a beast , that will be sure to stick on the galled part , or some sore or other . So it is with these disquieted thoughts of men , that are of no other use , but to further Sathans ends , to weaken their faith , and discourage their own hearts ; men stick on the gall , on the sore of any affliction , there they will rest . It is true , God hath given us such and such favours and mercies , hath offered us such and such opportunities , but what is this ? this and that particular affliction is upon me . This is that , that increaseth impatience , when a man will not look on the mercies he receiveth , but only looks on that that he wanteth . Again , a fifth course that men take to aggravate their sorrows , and increase impatience in themselves is this . They look upon the instrument of their sorrows and afflictions , but never look up to God that ruleth , and over-ruleth these things ; Men look upon such a person , such a man and no more . Ye see how David was disquieted at this : If it had been an enemie that reproached him , then he could have born it ; but it was thou my freind , my equall , my guid , my acquaintance , that sate at my table , we took sweet counsel together , and walked unto the house of God in company ; This troubled him ; and see how he multiplied his sorrows , when he looked upon the instrument , till he looked upon God , and then I was dumb , I opened not my mouth , because thou didst it . There is no quiet in the heart , when a man looks upon man , till he looks upon God that ordereth all things by his wisdom and counsel . Lastly , men aggravate their sorrows , and increase their impatience , by another course they take , that is , when they look on their sorrows and afflictions only , and not upon the benefit of affliction : they look only upon that that flesh would avoyd , but not that which if they were spiritual and wise they would desire . No affliction ( faith the Apostle ) is joyous for the time , that is , to flesh and nature , but grievous , nevertheless , afterward it yeeldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness to them which are exercised thereby . Now men look upon that only which is grievous in affliction , upon the smart of it , but not upon the profit of affliction , the quiet fruit of righteousness that cometh by it . As a man when he hath a Corroding plaister put to a sore , he cryeth and complaineth of the smart it putteth him to , but takes no notice of the healing that cometh by it , and the cure that followeth . Thus it is with men , they complain of God , as if he envied them the comfort of their lives , as if he intended to rob them of all conveniencies , and to make them utterly miserable , to begin a Hell with them on earth , when they never look how God by this means fitteth them for heaven , by this means purging out corruption , and strengthening grace in them : We are afflicted of the Lord , that we may not be condemned of the world : Men look upon the affliction , not upon their freedom from condemnation . So much for that . I come now to a second use . You see here the way whereby men aggravate affliction , and get causes of impatience in themselves , and if we seriously consider it , we shall find one of these , the ordinary causes of all distempers , and impatience in losses , in sicknesses , in distress of mind , in crosses upon a mans name , or whatsoever befalleth him amiss in the world , that which makes him flie out , that which makes him , that he cannot submit unto God , it is some of these particulars here spoken of . Let it therefore in the second place , stir us up evety one in the presence of God to set our selves upon this task of Christianity , to labour for Patience , that we may be perfect Christians , and to be perfect in Patience , Let Patience have her perfect work . But all the question is , how a man may get it . As there are two sorts of afflictions in a mans life , so Patience hath two offices . One affliction is those present evils that a man undergoeth and suffereth , Patience is to support him in those present miseries and calamities . Another sort of tryal is , when the good that a man expects is delayed , and is not presently granted , and here patience is necessary in this case also . I will shew ye how a man may set patience a work in both these , and so conclude . First , for the present calamities of a mans life , ( For crosses of any kind , in name , state , freinds , or families , or in whatsoever a man hath , or goeth about , they may all be reduced to this one head ) when a man cometh from a state of health to a state of sickness ; from a state of comfort to a state of sorrow ; from acquaintance , and society , to be as a Pelican in the wilderness , ( as David speaks ) destitute of all freinds and helps ; from inward rejoycing in his heart , in the assurance of Gods love , to spiritual disertions , wherein he seemeth to be as in a cloud , under the frowns of God. When a man is in this case , how shall he exercise Patience ? how shall he come to it ? Briesly , the way for a man to get patience in such cases as these , is this . First to consider , that there is no change in my life , there is no condition whatsoever that I am cast into , but it is ordered by God. Set thy soul awork now , to give God his glory in that change of thy life . First give God the glory of his absolute Soveraignty and Dominion . Secondly , give him the glory of his wisdome . Thirdly , give him the glory of his mercy in those changes of thy life that seem most grievous to thee . First , I say , give him the glory of his absolute soveraignty . Acknowledge him an absolute in-dependant Lord , that doth what he will among the creatures . His will is the rule of all his actions upon the creatures here below , and uncontroul'd , unquestionable . It is high arrogancy , and presumption , and pride of spirit , for the creature to contest with his Creator , concerning his actions on earth . Let every man reason thus ; I must give God the glory of his Soveraignty , and acknowledge that he hath power and right , to rule all the families of the earth ; and why not mine as well as another ? Why not my person as well as anothers ? Why not to order all the changes of my life , as well as another mans ? That which Benhadad spake proudly to Ahab , thy silver and thy gold , thy wives and thy children , and thy house , and thy Citie are mine ; That may God speak truely , and by right ; All that thon hast , and all that thou art , is mine , therefore give him that glory that Job did in the change of his life ; The Lord hath given , the Lord hath taken away , blessed be the name of the Lord. The Lord that gave hath right to take what he will. There is nothing that will keep the creature in his due place , but the consideration of Gods absolute soveraignty . This consideration was that that meekned the spirit of Eli , when that heavy message was brought to him , that there should come such misery upon his house , that whosoever heard it , both his eares should tingle , well , saith he , It is the Lord , let him do what seemeth him good : It is the Lord , and it becometh not servants to stand and contend with their Lord. So David , when the Priests offered him their service to go along with him to the field from Absolom ; If ( saith he ) I shall find favour in the eyes of the Lord , he will bring me back to Jerusalem , and his tabernacle , but if he thus say , I have no delight in thee , behold here am I , let him do to me as seemeth good unto him . Here was that that humbled the spirit of David , when he considered that he was under the hands of an absolute Lord , let the Lord do with me what seemeth him good . Secondly , as thou must give him the glory of his soveraignty , so of his wisdome . Know that God ordereth all his wayes with wisdome and counsel ; he knoweth what is good for his children . Ye are content when ye are sick , that the Physitian should diet ye , because ye account him wise , and one that hath skill in that course . If God diet thee for the purging out of some corruption , and for the curing of some spiritual disease in thy soul , submit to God in this case , be willing to resigne thy self up to be ordered by him . A man that hath a Gangreen , or such a dangerous disease in his body , submitteth to the Surgeon in his course , though it be to the cutting and sawing off a limb , though it be never so painful , and the losse be never so great , yet he is ( for the saving of his life ) willing to have that taken away . God is a wise God , that knoweth what estate is best for thee ; not onely when tryals are better than comforts , but what one kind of tryall is better then another : it may be it is better to exercise one with poverty , another with disgrace , another with spiritual trouble , another with restraint of liberty , which particular tryall is necessary to cure that disease , and which this , that is in my soul : the heavenly Physitian will bring that upon thee as a spirituall prescription , and a heavenly course that he takes in insinite wisdome to cure thee . Lastly , give him in all this the glory of his mercy . What hast thou lost , but thou maiest have lost a great deal more ? What dost thou suffer , but thou maiest have suffered a great deal more ? As Alcibiades when he was told that one had stollen half his plate , I have cause ( faith he ) rather to be thankeful that he took no more , then to be troubled that he took so much ; I am sure it is true of God in this case : what hath God took from thee ? some part of thy estate , some friend , some comfort of thy life , some one or other particular comfort : could he not have done more ? He afflicteth thee in thy body , he might have afflicted thee in thy soul , and a wounded spirit who can bear ? He hath afflicted thee in some one member of thy body , he could have cast body and soul into Hell. There is not a tryall upon thee , but God could have made it heavier : let that make thee therefore to submit with a more meek heart , and willing spirit to God , as a merciful God : as the Church in the Lamentations ; It is the Lords mercy that we are not consumed : the Church was in great affliction , when the Babilonians came upon them , and they were driven from the house of God , and their own houses , but yet it was Gods mercy that they were not consumed . So the Prophet Jeremy telleth Baruch in the captivity , Seekest thou great things for thy selfe ? thou shalt have thy life for a prey : Baruch was wondrously disquieted , he complained that the Lord had added grief to his sorrow ; What grief was that ? that He must go to Egypt , and after to Babylon ; Well saith the Prophet , thy case is not so heavy , as thou seemest to make it , thou shalt have thy life for a prey , in all places wheresoever thou goest . God might have taken away life and all , but thy life thou shalt have for a prey ; Therefore be content with so much . So I say to thee , when great afflictions comes upon thee , they might have been greater , therefore consider that , that thou maiest give God the glory of his mercy . And so much for the first direction ; that is , to acknowledge God in all the changes of life that befalleth thee . Secondly , look to sin , as that deserving cause that draweth on all the afflictions of this life . Consider , thou hast fallen by thy sin into Gods displeasure , therefore whatsoever affliction befalleth thee , thy sin hath deserved that at the hands of God. The Lord now dealt with the as a just God ; though not in the extermity of rigor , yet neverthelesse there is a righteous proceeding in it , as the Church confesseth ; Righteousnesse belongeth to thee , O Lord , though they were in great affliction , yet God was righteous in it . It is profitable to consider this , nay and not only that thou sufferest righteously , ( as the Theif on the Crosse said , We suffer according to our deserts ) but thou sufferest not so much as thy sins deserve , thy sins deserve greater things at the hands of God , then yet he hath infflicted on thee . We see , that a commutation , and change of punishment , a less for a greater , hath the place of a mercy upon a malefactor that deserveth greater , when he deserveth to be executed and to die , he is not only content to be burnt in the hand , but the confesseth it to be a mercy of the Prince . So it is with us , whatsoever affliction God hath laid on thee , thou maiest conclude , I have deserved greater . Therefore , saith the Church , Why is the living man sorrowful ? Man suffereth for his sin , let us search and trie our wayes , and turn again to the Lord. So let this be the main businesse of thy life in this case , rather bethink thy self how to get the favour of God , then to be eased of such a trouble . Let a man look to sin in all this . Lastly , consider the gratious and comfortable fruit of Affliction that is born with patience : For first patience lesseneth the judgment , impatience increaseth it on a man. The strugling child hath more stripes ; A man in a Fever , the more he strugle●…h and striveth , the more he increaseth his pain . The more patiently a man yeeldeth himself to the hands of God , the more ( by the mercy of God ) he findeth ease , and mitigation of the affliction . And this God promiseth , Because thou hast kept the word of my patience , I will deliver thee in the time of trouble . God will take off the affliction , when once he hath perfected Patience by affliction : for you must know this , that all that God aymeth at in all afflictions that he layeth on men , is to perfect patience in them : therefore the issue will be good . There will for the presene be more ease to the heart , and afterward a gracious issue and deliverance from trouble , when thou art exercised by patience . Secondly , there are other afflictions of our life , and that is not only in those cases wherein some positive evil , as we account it naturally , some affliction grievous to nature and sense are upon a man : but mercies are delayed , and hope deferred maketh the heart faint . It is an affliction to a man , to be kept and delayed in the expectation of that good he hath not : if he seem to catch at it , it is drawn from him further and further . There are many men that have sent many a prayer to God , yet the thing they ask is not granted to this day : Many a man hath waited long , and sought the Lord , yet he hath not that his soul desireth . How shall a man come to exercise patience in such a case as this ? In such a case when God delayeth , know first that Gods delayes are not danyals ; though God delay the thing , he may and will in time certainly grant it , yea though he delay it a great while : As we see in other servants of God , we may see it in David , in Job , in Paul , in the Canaanitish woman , and in others ; The Vision is for an appointed time ( saith Habakkuk ) wait for it , it will come , and it will not tarry , it will not lie . God will be known a God of truth , what he hath promised he will performe in due time : only what doth he expect of thee ? to wait for the present . Now this is an act of faith ; He that beleeveth will not make hast . Glorifie God by beleeving , put to thy seal that he is true : Whatsoever God hath promised in the Word , and thou hast a warrant to beleeve , wait for it . Secondly , Gods delayes are not only not denials , but improvements of Gods favour ; God increaseth and commendeth the excellencies of his mercies by delayes , he recompenceth our expectation , and waiting for them , with putting in greater sweetness into those favours when they come : I say , God increaseth the comfort answerable to the delay , as in the 61. Isa . 7. God to comfort the distressed Church in the time of calamity , for their affliction ( faith he ) they shall have double ; Double what ? Double comforts for their tryals ; Our light afflictions ( faith the Apostle ) that are but for a moment , cause us a farr more excellent and sxrpassing weight of glory . A weight of glory for light Afflictions , an eternal weight of glory for momentary afflictions . Here is the issue ; As our afflictions have abonnded , so our consolations abound much more . This is the course of God. Thirdly , know that Gods delayes are never long ; at the longest they are but for a short time : what if he delay a year ? what if twenty , thirty , forty , years ? what if the the life of a man ? this is no great delay . Compare this time of thy waiting for mercy , with the time to come of thy enjoying of mercy . A small time of waiting on earth , to an eternity of recompence in heaven . Compare eternity with the time of thy suffering . Alas how little , what a small or no agreement is between them ? A moment to eternity . If the life of a man should extend to a hundred years , to a thousand yeares ( to which age never man yet lived ) yet that is but a point , a moment , to eternity . A thousand years past and to come , they are but as yester-day to God. Take the eternity past , in God himself that is without all beginning , and the eternity to come , that shall be without all end , and put the life of man in the middest of these two , and we will conclude , it is as a point in the middest of a circumference , it is but a moment ; nay , not so much as a moment of time . Stretch out the duty of Patience then ; hast thou waited a week ? wait a month , a year , seven years , seventy years , nay seventy Ages , all the ages of the world if it were possible ; All these are but a moment to eternity . And where is there a man that hath waited so long , but God , that his servants may not faint in their expectation , either supports them with other comforts , lest they should faint in their desire , or else giveth them that which they desire before their hearts faint . Know therefore , that it is no such great matter for a man to wait upon God , it is but a short time : and resolve in the time of thy waiting upon this , that when thou art fittest for mercy , it shall come , and when it cometh , it shall come with an abundant weight and sweetness , such as shall countervail all thy expectation and waiting . Thus I have told you how men should exercise patience by exercising their faith : and how they should strengthen patience by hope : and how they should perfect patience by selfe-denyal . The reason why I took this Text for the present occasion is , that there might be a concurrence between the rule and the example . Here is the rule , Let patience have her perfect work , that you may be perfect , and intire wanting nothing . One reason among others was this , because we know not what changes and tryals , God hath reserved any of us to , therefore we had need of patience . Our Sister here is the example ; a pattern to others of those tryals of life , whereto a Christan may be exposed even to extremity . Howsoever it pleased God to give many other mercies to her , yet nevertheless she had a continual exercise of patience , in extream anguish of body , in a vexing tormenting pain , that a long time , for many years together held her under such extremity of torture , that a man on the rack , or in any other extremity , could hardly have greater torments then she sometime felt , in the time of that extremity upon her . God laid this affliction upon her to perfect her patience , and that she might be a pattern of patience to you , that you might study and pray for Patience , and endeavour after it , that when afflictions fall upon any of you , you may not be found wanting , and destitute of patience . So much for this time . A RESTRAINT OF EXORBITANT PASSION : OR , GROUNDS AGAINST Unseasonable Mourning . SERMON V. 2 SAM . 12.22 , 23. And he said , while the child was yet alive , I fasted and wept : for I said who can tell , whether God will be gracious to me , that the child may live ? But now he is dead , wherefore should I fast ? can I bring him back again ? I shall go to him , but he shall not return to me . THese Words contain Davids answer to a question that was put to him ( in the Verse going before the Text ) by some of his servants . The question was grounded upon their observation of his divers carriage , when the child was sick , and when the child was dead . When the child was sick , he fasted and wept , and lay upon the ground , and prayed ; When the child was dead , he forbeareth , weeping , washeth himself , calleth for bread , &c. And now they ask him the reason , for they thought rather that he would have exprest a greater sorrow , then he had done before , as it may be discerned in the consultation among themselves : every man was loth to tell David of the great losse that was be●…llen him , that his child was dead . When he heard of it , and altereth his carriage , and sheweth himself more chearful , contrary to their expectation ; they plainly put the question to him , What should be the reason of this ? The words I have read to ye , 〈◊〉 an Answer to that question . He telleth them the reason , both of his fasting and weeping in the time of the sicknesse of the child , and of his calling for meat , and forbearing to weep now at the death of the child . The reason of his former carriage , he giveth in the 22. verse ; While the child was yet alive , I fasted and wept , for I said , who knoweth , whether the Lord may be gracious to me , that the child may live ? The reason of the alteration of his carriage , why he exprest himselfe in another manner , upon the death of the child , he giveth in the 23. verse . But now , he is dead , wherefore should I fast ? 〈◊〉 shall return to him , he shall not return to me . In the former part ( the reason of his sad and mournful carriage , during the time of the sicknesse of the child , then ( saith he ) I did fast . ) Yea have first the declaration of his action , and behaviour , and carriage at that time ; While the child was yet alive , I fasted and wept . And the reason of this action and carriage , for I said , Who●… a●… tell whether the Lord will be gracious to me that the child may live ? I shall be brief in speaking of this part only . First for his carriage , I fasted and wept . These are ●…ut external actions : fasting , of it self is not a worship of God but as it helpeth and furthe●… another 〈◊〉 , as it help●…th a man in prayer , as it fu●…eret●… the work of humination , and declareth that ; For neither if we eat are we the better , nor if we eat not , are we the worse , as the Apostle speaks ; And the kingdom of God consisteth not in meat and drink . There is a fast inforced by necessity , that which either is by sicknesse or want , and is meerly civil and outward , without any respect to God. And there is a fast too , which hath a pretence of respect to God , which is not acceptable , as that of the Pharisees , that rested only in the external action . There is a fast that is religious , and accepted of God , and that is that which is both a testimony of the inward humiliation of the soul , as also a help and furtherance of it . Such a fast was this that David speaks of here . A fast that did arise from a sense of his unworthinesse of the creature , and did expresse the sorrow of his heart for sin ; A Fast which he did set upon only for this end , that he might be more free , and more fit for prayer . And so likewise for the mourning , and weeping , he speaks of . It was not such a weeping as ariseth meerly from the temper of the body , as in some that are more apt for tears , are ; such as the tears of Esau to his father , he lift up his voice and wept , hast thou not one blessing more ? blesse me , even me also , oh my father . But they were tears that did arise from a holy affection , from a gracious disposition of heart , from inward contrition and sorrow ; like the tears that Peter shed , when he went out and wept bitterly . They were tears that discovered the inward vehemency of his spirit in prayer : like those tears of Jacob , when he wrestled with the Angel , the Prophet Hosea telleth how he wrestled , he prayed and wept . Such tears were these ; as did expresse the fervency of his spirit in prayer , the earnestnesse of his desire , in putting up this request he had now to God : like those of Hezekiah ; I have heard thy prayers , and seen thy tears , saith God : such tears as God putteth i●…to his bottle : such tears as he takes special notice of . There are no tears that are shed for sin , our of an inward sorrow of heart , that are shed in prayer , to exprese a holy desire , that proceed from an inward inflamed affection and fervency of spirit , but they are very precious with God : as far ( I say ) as they declare the inward truth of the heart , and the inward sense of our wants , and the weight of the petition●… we put up to God. Such were these tears here : I fasted and wept . I will not stand upon this . The reason of this action , why he fasted and wept . I did it for this end , for ( saith he ) I said , who knoweth whether the Lord will be gratious to me , that the child may live ? A man may wonder if he read the former part of the chapter , whence this perswasion and hope should come into the heart of David , that there should be a possibility of having the life of this child by his prayer , whereas the Lord had said before by Nathan to him , that the child should die . Nathan had told him in expresse terms that the child should die , yet he putteth up his prayer for it , and said , Who knoweth whether the Lord will be gracious to me , that the child may live . We must know therefore that God sometime , even in those sentences that seem absolute , implies , and intends a condition . David had respect to such a course as God ordinarily took : he knew well that God at other times had threatned things , yet neverthelesse upon the repentance , and prayers , and tears , upon the humiliation , and contrition of the hearts of his servants , he hath been pleased to alter the sentence , to suspend , nay ( it may be ) wholly to take away and change the Execution . Thus it hath been ; It was so in the case of Hezekiah : The Lord sent as express a message by Isaiah the Prophet to Hezekiah , as he did by Nathan to David : Set thy house in order , for thou shalt die and not live . Yet neverthelesse Hezekiah turneth his face to the wall , he wept , and laid open his request before the Lord : Remember now , oh Lord , I beseech the , how I have walked before thee , in truth , and with a perfect heart , &c. Ye see , the Lord presently sendeth the Prophet to tell him , that he had added fifteen years to his life : and yet the message was carried in expresse words , and in as peremptory terms , as a man would have thought it had been absolute , and no condition intended . The like in the case of Niniveh . Jonah cometh to Niniveh , and began to enter the City , a dayes journey , and he cried , and said , Yet forty dayes , and Nineveh shall be destroyed . Here was the time limited , the judgement declared , and no condition exprest : yet the King of Nineveh humbleth himself , and the people , they fast and pray , and go in sackcloth , &c. and the Lord was pleased to alter this sentence . But some will say , these Examples were after Davids time , What were these to him ? upon what ground did he take this course ? had he any promise or example before time of any such thing as this , that did give him incouragement to fast and pray , in hope that though God had said the child should die , yet it should live ? Certainly David had examples before time of the like nature , when God had threatned judgements , and they did not know , whether the issue would prove or no as they desired , yet they sought God. As in the case of Saul . When the Lord sent an expresse message by Samuel , that the kingdom should be taken from him and given to another , because he had not dealt faithfully in the execution of Gods command concerning Amaleck , yet saith the text , Samuel mourned for Saul still . Insomuch as the Lord questioneth him ; How long wilt thou mourn for Saul , seeing I have rejected him from raigning over Israel : Yet Samuel continued in seeking God : as if he should say , Who knoweth what the Lord will do ? But more expresly David had examples before his time , not only of seeking the Lord , but of a gracious successe , and answer that those had that sought him . As in the case of the Israelites , when there was a discontent among the people , because of the ill report that the Spies put upon the good land , the people began now to murmur against God : Well ( saith the Lord to Moses , ) let me alone , and I will destroy this people at once . Moses setteth himself to seek the Lord , and prayeth , and presseth the Lord with many arguments , for his own glory , for his peoples sake , for his Covenant sake , and many other wayes to spare them . What was the issue of it ? He was heard , the Lord told him that he had heard his prayer , and granted his request , though he would fill the earth with his glory , and all the world should know what a jealous God he was , another way ; yet in this particular he had granted his request , they should not be cut off at this time . So that David had good experience , that though judgement hath been threatned before , yet neverthelesse courses have been taken that the sentence hath been altered , with a change of Gods purpose at all . For God ever intended it to be understood with a condition , if they returned not to him he would go on , if they returned to him , he would not go on . So the purpose of God remaineth unchangeable . yet the sentence according to the externall expression seemeth altered to us : so the change is in us , and not in God. Hence let us note something ( briefly ) for our selves , and that is this ; First , how to understand all these threatnings in Scripture , that seem peremptory and absolute , by this rule . A judgement is threatned , against a nation , against a person , or family , &c. Yea , and it is absolutely threatned in divers places ; because thou hast done such and such evils , therefore such and such things shall come upon thee . All such as these , are to be understood conditionally , though they seem to be expressed absolutely . And the rule , God himself giveth . At what instant I shall speak concerning a nation , and concerning a kingdom , to pluck up , and to pull down , and to destroy it . If that nation against whom I have pronounced , turn from their evil , I will repent of the evil that I thought to doe unto them . Whatsoever I threatned in my Word , if they turn to me by true repentance , I will turn all that evil from them , that I have threatned against them , and would certainly have brought upon them , if they have not returned . I say , thus we are to understand all these : and upon this ground we may build some further uses , that I will but touch . First , to take off those discouragments , that lie upon the hearts of many ; When they find themselves guilty of a sin against God , when they see , that , sin threatned with severe punishment , and judgement in the word of God : now they conclude their case to be disperate , it is in vain to seek further , to use the means , the Lord will proceed in judgement , and there is no stopping of him . This is an addition to a mans other sins to conclude thus . Mark how the Lord expresseth himself in Ezekiel . 33. The people were much troubled about such things there , say they ; Our transgressions , and our sins be upon us , and we pine away in them , how shall we then live ? The Prophet had incouraged them notwithstanding their great sins to return by true repentance , and they should not perish ; nevertheless they are muttering , discouraged with fear , breaking their spirits , withdrawing themselves from God : the judgements of God are begun upon us , the hand of wrath is gone out against us , we are pining away in them , though we are not wasted yet , yet we are like a man in a consumption , that wasteth by degrees , how shall we live ? certainly we shall die . Saith the Lord , say not thus among your selves , but know if ye turn , ye shall live ; As I live , saith the Lord , I have no pleasure in the death of the wicked , but that the wicked turn from his way and live : turn ye , turn ye from your evil wayes , for why will ye die , oh house of Israel ? Beware of discouragment therefore , it is Sathans device , that when once he hath drawn men from God by a path of sin to hold them under discouragement , that so he may ever after keep them from turning to God again . It was his device whereby he would have kept Adam from turning to God , after he had committed that great sin in eating of the forbidden tree ; He thought of nothing but hiding himself from God , and so he did hide himself amongst the bushes of the Garden : I heard thy voyce , and was afraid , and I hid my self : Mark , here was a fear of discouragement in Adam , that whereas he should have come and fell down before the Lord , and have begged mercy , and said as David here , Who knoweth whether the Lord will be gracious , to me ? He run clean away from God. There is a fear of reverence that keepeth a man with God , and there is a fear , that draweth a man to God : but this fear of discouragement driveth a man from God : and that is the temptation of Sathan , to keep a man from God , when once he hath turned aside from him . Therefore ( that is the first thing ) take heed of such inward discouragements as may drive you quite off . Secondly ; Take incouragement then to seek the face of God in his own means and way . He hath threatned judgements against others for the same sins that ye find your selves guilty of , when they have returned to him , they have found mercy . Return ye to him in truth , and seek his face aright , and ye shall find the same mercy . In the prophesie of Joel , ye shall see there , that though God had threatned judgements ; nay , though he had begun judgement ( for that was the case of those times , judgement was begun upon them ) yet neverthelesse the Prophet calleth them to fasting and weeping , and telleth them , that the Lord is gracious and merciful , and ready to forgive ; and who knoweth if he will return , and repent , and leave a blessing behind him ? Therefore let us do our parts , and seek God in truth , amend our lives , and then no question of this , but that God will return . It is an old device of Sathan , to draw men , instead of Gods revealed will , to look to Gods secret will : whether I be absolutely rejected or cast off or not . But this is not the thought wherein a Christian should exercise himselfe : his main business is this , to make his calling and election sure , by all the evidences of it ; hy a holy life : walk obediently to Gods revealed will , and be certain thou shalt not be rejected by Gods secret will. He never rejecteth those by his secret will , and purpose , and decree , to whom he giveth a heart to walk obediently to his revealed will. So much for that . Who knoweth that the Lord will be gracious to me , that the child may live ? The incouragement is this : That the child may live . But mark his expression , Whether the Lord will be gratious to [ me ] that the child may live . If he had said no more but this , Who knoweth whether the child may live ? A man would have thought this would fully enough have expressed his mind , but there is more in it that could not be expressed without this addition , Who knoweth whether the Lord will be gracious to me , that the child may live ? The life of a child is a mercy to the father , David expresseth herein both his Pitty , and his Piety . His pitty ; He accounteth all the good or ill that befalleth his child , as his own if death befalleth it , he accounteth it as a misery that befalleth himself : if sickness befalleth his child , he accounteth it as an affliction upon himself . This is his natural pitty , that some natural affection of a father to his Child . See such an expression of the woman of Canaan ; have mercy on me , thou son of David , my daughter is miserably vexed of a divel . The Daughter was miserably vexed , and the mother cryeth out , Have mercy on me , There is such a simpathy ariseth hence from the natural and free course that love hath in descending from the Father to the Child . There are not only moral perswasions that may invite and draw on love , but besides that , there is a course of affection , that floweth naturally , and kindly , from the Father to the child : as it is with those rivers that fall downward , they fall more vehenently then those that are carried upward : so the more natural the affection is , the more vehement it expresseth it self in the motion to such objects . Now when the Father expresseth his affection to his child , this is more vehement , because it is more natural , there is more strength of nature in it . I cannot stand upon this , only a word by way of inference , and application to our selves . First ; are natural parents thus to their children ? Then here is a ground of faith for the children of God , that he is pleased to stile himself by the name of Father , and to receive them into the adoption of sons and daughters . This was Davids expression of God. As a father hath compassion of his children , so hath the Lord on those that fear him . And the Prophet Isaiah expresseth it fully : In all their affliction , he was afflicted , and the Angel of his presense saved them ; in his love and pitty he redeemed them , and he bare them all the dayes of old , he bore them upon his wings . This giveth confidence , and boldness to Gods children , in making their requests known to him . This was it that incouraged the Prodigal ; I will arise and go to my father , and say , Father , I have sinned against heaven and bofore thee , &c. God ( saith S. Barnard ) alwayes grants those petitions that are sweetned with the name of father , and the affection of a child . I should hence speak somewhat to children , to stir them up to answer the love of their Parents ; but other things that follow forbids me any long discourse of this . Secondly , here is Davids piety expressed in this , Who knoweth whether the Lord will be gracious to me ? He exprest not only the Pitty and affection of a natural father to a child , but piety also , arising from the sense of his guilt . He was guilty of sin , and by sin he had brought this sorrow upon himself , and therefore who knoweth whether the Lord will be gracious to me , in sealing to me the pardon of my sin this way , in adding this mercy as a further assurance of his love , in granting me the forgiveness of my sin . God had told him by Nathan , that his sin was pardoned , though he told him the Child should die : it may be by the same mercy he will release me from this sentence of death upon my Child , whereby he released me from the guilt of my sin before . Here ( I say ) is the sense of his own sin . The point I note hence is ; That Parents in the miseries that befal their children , should call their own sin to remembrance . All the sorrows , and sicknesses , and pains , and miseries that befall children , should present to Parents the remembrance of their own sin . It was the expression of the Widdow of Sar epta to the Prophet Eliah ; Art thou come to call my sins to remembrance , and to slay my child ? She saw her sin in the death of her Child ; So I say in all the afflictions and crosses that befall children , the Parents should call to remembrance their own sin . But some men will here say ; There seemeth to be no need of such a course , for God hath said plainly , That the child shall not die for the sin of the Parent . And after God cleareth his own waies from inequality and injustice by that argument , The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father . Therefore what reason is there that Parents should call their sins to remembrance , in the miseries that befall there children ? I answer ; Though he say , the child shall not die for the Parents sin , yet we must understand it aright , for what doth he mean by the sins of the Parent ? And what doth he mean by death ? By sins of the Parent , he meaneth those sins that are so the Parents , as that the children are not at all guilty of those sins : then the children shall not die . By Death , he meaneth ( as the word signifieth ) the destruction of nature . So death shall not befall the child for that sin that himself is not guilty of . But how then come little children to die before they have committed any sin actually ? was this for their own sin , or for the sin of their Parents ? I answer , for their own sin they die , for the soul that sinneth it shall die , and all children have sinned : they brought sin into the world , and sin brought death ( as the Apostle speaks ) therefore death reigneth over all , even over those that have not sinned according to the similitude of Adams transgression ; that is , that have not sinned actually as Adam had done , yet nevertheless they die because they have sin upon them , they have the corruption of nature : In sin they were born , and in iniquity their mother conceived them , and the wages of sin is death : therefore they die for their own sin . But what if temporal judgments and afflictions befall them , is this for their own sin , or for the sin of their Parents ? I answer for both ; both for their own , and for the sin of their Parents : for as death , so all the miseries of this life are fruits of original sin , which is an inheritance in the person of every child by nature , as soon as it is born : but yet if the sin of the Parents be added to it , that may bring temporall judgments . There are many instances and examples of this , how God hath visited upon the posterity of wicked persons , the sins of their Fathers , according to that threatning in the second Commandement . And this you shall see , either in godly children of wicked parents , or in ungodly children of godly Parents . Suppose a man leave a great deal of wealth to his children , and have one that fears God amongst them : it may please God to lay some losse or crosse upon him , to the undoing of him , he may utterly be impoverished , and beggered , and deprived of all that means that his father left him by unrighteousness ; He getteth an heir , and in his hand is nothing ( saith Solomon ) that is , God deprived him of all that estate his father left him by unrighteousness . Now I say , here is a judgment upon the father , and yet a mercy upon the child . A judgment upon the father , that all that he hath laboured for , that which he lost his soul for , should be vain , should come to nothing , and not benefit his posterity as he thought . Yet it is a mercy to the child , to the child of God ; He by this means is humbled , it draweth him from the world ; Nay , when God emptieth him of these things that were unrighteously gotten , he giveth him ( it may be ) an estate another way , wherein he shall see God his Father provide for him without any indirect and unlawful courses . So sometimes the very shame and reproach that falleth upon wicked children here , it is a judgment to the parents , and to the children too . Upon the parent , as far as he is guilty of the neglect of his duty , and of evil example , and the like , so he is punished in the shame that befalleth his posterity . As it is a blessing upon a man that he is not ashamed to sit in the Gates ( as Solomon speaks ) no man can upbraid him with his children ; So it is a correction to Gods children , even when their children prove ungodly , so farr as they have been negligent , and careless of their duty . This was the case of old Eli , a good man , yet nevertheless the hand of God was gone out against his house and family , and what was the reason of it ? Because thou honourest thy sons above me , they made themselves vile , and thou restrainest them not , therefore will I bring a judgment upon thy house , at which both the ears of every one that heareth it shall tingle . I say it may come to pass ( and that by reason of that natural affection that is in Parents ) that that misery that befalleth their children , may be an exceeding cross and an affliction to them . God layes sharp corrections on them , when he makes those children which they accounted as comforts , and the hope of their life , to be the very cross , and vexation of their life . There is then ye see , such a course of Gods dealing with men , to visit the sins of the Fathers upon the children : that is , if the children walk in their fathers steps if the child and the father agree in a course of sin : if the father by omission or commission make himself guilty of the sin of the child , &c. and so if the child , either by imintation , or allowance go on in his fathers way , he draweth a greater judgment upon himself , by adding to his fathers sin : and as they are alike in sin , so they shall be alike in judgment . You see likewise for temporal judgments , that God may , and often-times doth lay many sicknesses , and crosses upon the children , for the sin of their parents , that they may be smitten by the judgment that is upon their children , and yet nevertheless the children may be free from sin , for who ever was afflicted being innocent ? Is this so ? then in the first place it should teach Parents to take heed of making themselves miserable in their posterity by sinning against God. There are specially three sorts of sins in Scripture , for which God continueth his judgments upon mens posterities and families . The first are , sins against the first Table , against the worship of God , Idolatry , and such like ; for these God smiteth mens posterities , as we may see in Jeroboam and others ; And so the neglect of dutie , prophaness and negligence in Gods worship : Let thy wrath come upon the heathen , and on the families that call not upon thy name . A family I know , in a large sense , signifieth a Nation , but in a strict sence a family , or posterity ; in that place it signifieth both . A Family or people , that lay aside the worship of God , and the sanctifying of his Name , those that lie under this charge of not calling upon the name of God : let thy wrath come upon them . A second sort of sins , are those against the second Table , unrighteousness , injustice , uncleanness , and the like : for those sins God visiteth mens posterities , punisheth them in their children : sometime by taking them away , sometimes by smiting them with such sicknesses , and temporal afflictions , and chastisements , as Parents have continual matter of sorrow , and humiliation , and calling their sins to mind ; The Scripture is full of instances of this kind . Thirdly , for the neglect of duty to their children , when Parents are too fond and remiss in their education , and careless in their duty : therefore Job was fearful of this , lest his sons should sin against God , and he was continually in prayer , that God would keep them in his fear . Parents , if they would have a blessing continued on their posterity , they should be careful of sanctifying their Families , by the worship of God , and by their walking with an upright heart in the midst of their house , by dealing righteously with men in all their business , not to strive to rear their posterity by wealth , but by grace , to leave them heirs of the b●essing , rather then of much money . That is the way to have comfort in children and posterity . Ye see how few of those that in this Citie , or other places that have got such wealth , thrive in many generations , nay , it may be not in the next generation , but come some to notorious beggary in the sight of others , that others may be warned how they get estates by unjustice and unrighteousness , to leave to their families . There is the judgment of God going along with unrighteous gain , and a sinful life , and falleth upon posterity , as far as they approve of , or walk in their fathers waies . In the second place it should teach children to take heed of the sinful courses of their Parents , if they will not joyn with them in their punishment ; nay , if they will not have the increase of their punishment , take heed , I say take heed of going on in their sins . Remember the charge that the Lord gave concerning Babylon , Come out of her if you will not partake of her Plagues : if we will not partake of their plagues , take heed of partaking in the sins of your Parents . Here was Davids piety , he calleth his sins to remembrence . So ought Parents in all crosses that befal their families or posterity , if any child be sick or weak , or if their be any cross in their estates , or trade , or success in their business , whereby they should maintain their Families , to call their own sins to remembrance , to look over the several commands of God , to see what sins they are guilty of , that they have not yet repented of . Now we come to Davids carriage , when the child was dead . But now he is dead , wherefore should I fast : Can I bring him back again ? I shall go to him , but he shall not return to me . Here ye have Davids carriage , and the reasons why he did not fast . First , because it was against reason , wherefore should I fast ? in this expression , he implieth that he saw no reason for it , and that made him forbear it . Secondly , it is altogether bootless and needless ; Can I bring him back again ? Thirdly , I shall go to him : I have somewhat else to do , then to spend my time in unprofitable forrow , there is a matter that concerneth me more neerly to think upon , that is , concerning my own death , to prepare for that . And Lastly , the last reason is , He shall not returne to me . These are the reasons of the alteration of his carriage upon the death of the child . Concerning sorrow for the dead , ye must understand it of excessive sorrow . Here is not forbidden a due measure of sorrow , that is allowed ; but he speaks of sorrow in the excess . Why should I do this ? The reasons he giveth against excessive sorrow , are first ( I can but give you the heads of things ) because it is a thing against reason . Hence I will note this to you ; That one way to moderate our sorrows , and to regulate them aright , is to bring them to the examination of reason and judgment . When passions sway , when they do not look to the commands of reason , to be subject and ordered according to that , but usurp a rule in the soul above reason , then there is nothing but confusion , and distemper , and disorder , in a mans afections & actions , and in his whole course . A man should therefore consider , what reason there is for every thing . If he sorrow for a thing , what reason have I for it ? If he rejoyce in any thing , what reason have I for it ? Is it worth this sorrow , or this joy ? I say his is the way to rectifie and moderate our passions , and to order them aright , if we trie them all by sound reason . David took this course at other times , Why art thou cast down , oh my soul , why art thon disquicted within me ? Is there any good reason for it ? Reason I say , is a curb and bridle , to stop passion when it is running on its free course . If David had done thus , would he have run out to that excessive expression for his son ? Oh Absolom , my son , my sow , &c. What great reason had he for this ? that Absolom a rebellious son was took away that sought the death of his Father ; that God glorified himself in the punishment of a disobedient , proud , insolent child in the sight of all the world ? Was this a matter for David so much to grieve , and to be troubled at ? If Jonah had done thus , if he had considered what reason he had to be angry ; ( as GOD putteth the question to him ; dost thou well to be angry ? ) Would he not have stopped that Passion ? If Cain had done thus ; if he had put the question to himself as GOD did , Why art thou wrath ? why is thy conntenance fallen ? Or as that great King said to Nehemiah , Why is thy countenance sad ? So if men would put the question to themselves concerning their affections : as , concerning love , why do I set my heart upon such and such things ? and so likewise concerning their sorrow and anger , and every thing , Why is it thus ? As Rebecca said when the children did strive in her womb , so when there is a conflict of passion in the soul against reason , since it is so , why am I thus ? Who art thou that fearest mortal man ? saith Isaiah to the Church . If men I say did thus , they would not break out into such exorbitancy of passions , as commonly they do . The way then to order any affection aright , is to reduce it to the principles of sanctified , and rectified reason and judgement . Let reason be guided by the Word of GOD , and let the affections be ordered by that reason so rectified . Thus it was with man in the state of innocency ; and experience telleth us , that in the state of corruption , all disorder cometh from the want of this subordination of the affections , to reason in their several actions and motions . When a man goes hood-wink'd up and down , he is in danger of stumbling , and falling into one hole or other : this is for a man to walk in darknesse : then a man-walketh in darknesse , when he is not guided in all his actions and affections , by the light of truth shining in his understanding . A man should therefore strive to check himself , and to suffer others to check him , Why is it thus ? If a man cannot give a cause and a reason , it is a passion to be rejected , a distemper o be repented of . This is the first thing ; He saw no reason , therefore he would not do it . The second is this . It was altogether bootlesse , Why should I fast ? I cannot bring him back again . He meaneth , bring him back again to live on the earth . So Job meaneth , when he speaks in the same manner , If a man die , shall he live again ? he cannot be brought again to live , and converse among men . The point I note hence is this . That all the actions , and opportunities of this life cease in death . There is no calling of them back again . No bringing of a man back to take new opportunities , to enioy the comforts he hath lost , and to make use of the means he hath neglected , and to redeem the time he hath slackly let passe . When the request was put to Abraham by Dives , that some might come from the dead to tell his brethren upon earth where he was : No , faith he , that request shall never be granted , that a man should come from the dead , to give warning to the living , much lesse that a man himself should return from thence , to begin upon a new score , a new reckoning , to have a new time appointed , when that time is past over : They have Moses , and the Prophetes , let them hear them . God hath appointed the means , and a time to use the means ; Now they have Moses and the Prophets ; After this life , they shall have none of these means , no time of using them ; The child shall not come back again , nor the man shall not come back again . Death is a strict door-keeper , all that passe out that way , the door is shut on them , they shall never return back . We read of many several Ages that have gone to the place of silence , we never read of any that came thence , to tell what is done there : we never heard of any yet , that came back again to reform his course . A friend with all his prayers and tears , cannot bring back a friend that is dead . It teacheth us a point of wisdom to make good use of our time , the time of grace we have . We draw neerer death every day then other , and when once we are dead , we shall never be brought back again upon the earth ; If a man had all the world , and would give it to obtain an hours time upon earth , to do what he neglected before , he cannot have it : therefore while it is called to day , harden not your hearts : yet a little while and you shall have the light ( saith Christ ) while ye have the light , walk in the light ; Make use of the means of grace : the time may come , when ye may wish ( as Dives is described to wish ) that some body , much more that you your selves might come from the dead . Certainly , if those in Hell were to come from the dead again , though it were to live a hundred years on earth , a holy , strict , and concionable life , to watch over all their wayes , to keep a good conscience towards God and men , they would not omit a duty , nor slight a duty , they would not omit an opportunity , a minute , but spend their whole life in working out their salvations with fear and trembling , they would sleep and awake with fear , lest they should sin , they would be careful that they had no sinful thought , they would be patterns of the strangest expressions of conformity to the rule that can be imagined , if it were possible to be granted . You may easily be perswaded of this , do you that now which they wish for , and wish in vain : make use of the time of grace now , there is no coming back again afterward . Thirdly . A third reason is this ; I shall go to him . As if he should have said , I have another business in hand , now the child is dead , it is not for me to stand blubbering , and spending my time for a dead Child ; I am going to him . The word here is , I shall return to him . Return signifieth , to go back to a place where one was before ; So David shall return to his Child : for he was there before ; there , in respect of his body , the principles of that is in the earth where the Child is , and in heaven in respect of his soul where the Child is : The Body returneth to dust whence it was taken , and the soul to God that gave it . The body is of the dust , and returneth to dust , the soul cometh from God , and returns to God again . Therefore he saith here , I shall return to him , because I came from him . When things are reduced to their principles , the body to the earth , and the soul to God , they are said to return . Ye see the phrase then . The point ( briefly ) is this ; That the greatest care of a mans life , the greatest business he hath to do on earth , is to prepare for death . His business is not to care for his children that are dead , and to spend unprofitable sorrow for them : the main business of my life is , how I shall make my peace with God , and be fitted for death , for I am going thither . We should observe the death of others , to stir us up to a serious preparation for our own death : the Father should be stirred up by seeing his Child dead before him , the elder by seeing the younger die before them : we see how death hath shot his arrowes beyond , and short , and above , and below us , in those that are elder , and younger , and richer and poorer , all forts , he will strike us at last : this thing ( I say ) should stirr us up to prepare for our own dissolution . A man would think that there were no need of such a thing ; the very bare sight of a Corse , or a Hearse , the bare sight of a deed corpse , the bare ringing of a bell , or a Funeral Sermon , should be warning enough to the living to tell him of death . When a man sees a company carrying a dead body to the grave ; he should say to himself ; It may be the feet of these may carry me next . But how cometh it to pass hat it is not thus ? Certainly , there is not power in all examples to work this : it is the work of Gods spirit . Though a man observe the death of never so many before him , yet his cannot work in him a serious care , to make preparation for his own death , except God adde a further work to it . We may see this in the expression of Moses , when so many died in the Wilderness : Lord teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisdom . As if he should have said , Though so many thousands died in the Wilderness , and that by so many several kinds of death , yet we shall never apply our hearts to wisdom by those examples , except God teach us that wisdom . Therefore we should pray to God to teach us by his Spirit , to make use of Examples . Men must give account for examples as well as for rules ; men must give account for examples of mortality , as well as for Sermons of mortality : therefore let the example of others mortality stir you up to prepare for your own , and that you may do so , be much in calling upon God. Lastly ; He shall not return to me : that is in this sense , to converse on earth , as he had done before ; I shall return to him , but he shall not return to me . He doth but reitterate , and repeat what he had said before in effect . This is the thing then that Parents must make account of , both for themselves and their children . For their children . It should make them moderate therefore in their sorrow for them . God now hath shewed his purpose , and declared his will , therefore we should rest in that will of God. This is the thing that David aymed at . Gods will was not only to take away his child , but so to take him away , as never to return to him again in that manner ; Now God had declared his will , and therefore , Why should I fast ( saith he , ) as if he should say , I will now rest in the will of God. In all the things which we account crosses , and losses , in children and friends , &c. The main business of a christian , is not to expresse sorrow , but submission and subiection to God , to exercise and inure his heart to patience , and to rest in Gods good pleasure and will. As Eli , though he failed in his carriage to his sons , yet he shewed a dutiful respect to God his heavenly father . When Samuel told him the judgement of God that should come upon his house . It is the Lord ( saith he ) let him do what seemeth him good in his own eyes : though it were a heavy judgement , such as whosoever should hear of it , both his eares should tingle , yet it is the Lord , let him do what seemeth him goad . As if he should say ; I have nothing to do in this business , but to subject my self with patient submission , and contentedness to his will , it is the Lord , it becometh not me to contend with him , and to reason with God concerning his work , I confess he is righteous , let him do what see meth him good in his own eyes . And so Aaron . There was a heavy judgement befallen him , his sons were consumed with fire ; yet , the text saith , Aaron held his peace . When God manifested so great wrath to his house , in wasting , and consuming , and burning his sons , for offering of strange fire , yet Aaron held his peace ; that is , he did only mind how to glorifie God by a contented submission to his will. So Job , he heard not only of the losse of his children , but that he lost them in such a manner by a violent death , by a house falling on their heads , yet the Lord hath given , and the Lord hath taken away , blessed be the name of the Lord. Whereas a carnal worldly man would have fallen to strugling , and contending , and quarrelling against God , and so trouble and perplex his own spirit . We do exceedingly imbitter Gods cup , by mingling with it ingredients of our own passions , and so make the affliction more heavy and grievous then God intends it . Here is the reason : we possess not our souls with Patience . When we are sensible of the losse of friends and children , &c. let us learn to make it our business , to think , I have a greater work to do , to prepare for my own death . God in the death of this man speaks to me to prepare for my own ; And then to glorifie God by submission to his will , make it appear that thou acknowledgest a power in God to dispose of thy house , to do every thing , by patiently resting in his will. And yet this comfort is added , though children be took away that they shall not return in an earthly manner , yet they shall in a better manner . Parents are contented to part with their children for a time for their preferment . Children ( though they are very young ) that are commended by the prayers of the godly Parents into the hands of God ; these whose hearts God hath inlarged , and quickned fervently and faithfully to pray in the besalf of their children , they may rest in this assured , that they shall meet at the Resurrection in a better manner , their children shall be better preferred then if they were on earth , and shall be raised up to perfection . Here you see there is not a tooth bred in a child without a great deal of pain , and every tooth cost some pain , but this mortal body shall put on immortality , and this corruption shall put on incorruption ; This weak body shall be made strong , weak children strong without pain . Death endeth these things , and the Resurrection shall present him in a perfect measure of strength in a glorified estate . So much for this text , and for this time . THE STING OF DEATH OR , THE STRENGTH OF SINNE . SERMON VI. 1 COR. 15.56 . The Sting of Death is Sin , and the Strength of Sin is the Law. SOlomon telleth thus , that there is a season for every thing , there is a time to be born , and a time to die : These two are the two great seasons of all men , we are as sure to die , as we are sure we have lived , and every degree of our life , is but a step to our death . Every man of us hath but a part to act here in the world , when we have done that that God hath appointed us , we are drawn off from the Stage by Death . You will say , this is a hard condition for so Noble a creature as Man is to be folded up in the grave , for so fair a beauty as the life of man is , to be closed up in eternal darkness , that man should turn to the acquaintance of dust and worms , and make his habitation with rottenness and loathsomeness , that Death should have the victory of so excellent a Creature , it is a hard condition . The Apostle thinks not so , he thinks otherwise , Death ( faith he , ver . 54. ) is swallowed up in victory ; As if he should say , It need not trouble you to think so of Death , the condition of it is not so strange and hard as men take it to be ; It is swallowed up in victory . If a man have a strong enemy to deal with , it might trouble him , but it is no great matter to deal with a conquered enemy : Christ hath overcome Death , hath conquered that strong enemy , Death is swallowed up in victory . Therefore Saint Paul in the precedent , and subsequent verses of this Chapter , seemeth to insult and triumph over Death , Oh Death ( faith he ) where is thy sting ? Oh grave where is thy victory ? As if he should say , before Christ came and conquered thee , Death thou wert victorious ; so it was . there was a sting in it : before Christ sweetned the grave , there was something that was terrible in the Grave , but now because Christ is come , and hath gotten the victory over the one , and sweetned the other , therefore Saint Paul breaks forth thus into an insultation and triumph . But , how can this be ? Why doth the Apostle thus triumph ? The reason is insinuated in the verse I have read to you , the sting of death is sin , and the strength of sin is the Law. But this is the occasion of trouble to Christians ? No , it is not , thanks be to God , that hath given us victory through Jesus Christ our Lord : As if he should say , I will shew you the reason , of my triumphing over Death , there was a sting in Sin , and Sin is the sting of Death , and the Law is the strength of sin , but Christ hath took away sin , and hath satisfied the Law , sin being taken away , Death cannot hurt me , the Law being satisfied , Sin cannot prejudiceme . This was the cause of the Apostle , and in him of every Christians insultation over Death . The words I have read contain two parts ; First the sting of Death . Secondly , the strength of Sin. First , the sting of death , is sin . Secondly , the strength of sin , is the Law. If there were no law , there would be no sin , and if there were no sin , there would be no death : Sin is the transgression of the Law , and sin is the sting of death . I shall only at this time insist upon the first of these , from whence I shall deliver that , which if it please God to accompany with his Spirit , may be useful to you . The proposition shall be the very words of the Text. Sin is the sting of death . This Proposition I would not have you understaud in this sense only , that death came in by sin meerly in a habit , though that be true too . But understand it in this sense , That all the horrour and terribleness of Death , all the power and rage it hath , whatsoever makes it fearful to a man , it receiveth it all from sin . It is sin that armeth Death against a man , if Death have any weapons against a man , Sin puts those weapons into the hands of Death ; if Death have any poyson against a Christian , the sin of that person putteth that poyson in it . Death may be considered two wayes , either as Christ hath made it , or as we make it . Death as Christ hath made it , is a medicine to a Christian , a passage and entrance to happiness , it is a day of redemption and refreshing , and so we need not be afraid of it . Death as we by sin have made it , is the Pale horse Saint John speaks of in the Revelation , it is as a fearful arrest to the debtor , it hath a sting in it : and so it is feareful . But that I may open this point more profitably , we will inquire into these particulars . First what death the Apostle speaks of here . Secondly , of what sin he speaks of . Thirdly , in what respect sin is called the sting of death . And then we will make the use and application of all this . First , of what death doth the Apostle here speak of , that sin is the sting of ? For answer hereunto , there is a double death , corporal and spiritual . Corporal death , is the privation of the soul : when the soul is severed from the body . Spiritual death , when God and grace are severed from the soul . The Text speaks of the corporal death . Sin is not the sting of the spiritual death , for the spiritual death is sin it self . And hear I will not contend with any man , if he be full of enquiry , but I will distinguish two parts of spiritual death , and I grant in one of them is this sting . In spiritual death therefore , there are two parts , or two degrees ; The first is called , the first death ; That I take to be the death of the soul in sin . The second part is when soul and body are for ever closed up in Hell. And in this part , sin is the sting ; And remember this by the way , Sin is not only a sting now , but it will be a sting to men in Hell : the sting , the deadliness , the exreamity of punishment that is in Hell , it is received all from sin : for the damned in Hell , when they come there , as they cease not to sin , so the sting of sin ceaseth not to be with them : and it may be delivered by conjecture , I think Hell were no Hell , if there were not the sting of sin there . So then you see what death the Apostle speaks of : principally of corporal death , but it may be extended to the second part of spiritual death , for their sin continueth and so the sting remaineth . The next question is , what sin the Apostle speaks of , when he faith , the sting of death is sin ? This is not a time to stir controversies , therefore those ancient controversies , and such as are lately stirred up about original sin , how far it is the sting of death , I let them go . In a word , to let you see what sin is the sting of death , remember this . Sin may be considered two wayes , either as it is intire , untouched , uncrushed . Let that sin be what it will be , whether it be original only , or whether it be any actual sin , streaming from original , whether it be a sin of ignorance or knowledg , whether it be of pleasure or of profit ; A sin immediately that respecteth God , or immadiately respecteth our neighbour , whatsoever the sin be , if it be not touched , if it be not crushed , if it scape uncontrouled , if it be in its native power , and keeps in his kingdome , if it rule in a man ; that sin will certainly be the sting of Death . Every sin vertually is the sting of death , there is an aptitude in every Sin , but in the event that sin proveth the sting of death , that is untouched , uncontrouled . Not every sin in the event proveth the sting of death ; but that sin that liveth in us , or rather that sin that we live in , that ruleth in us , that we affect , and love , this is the Sin that putteth a sting into death . That very sin that thou lovest , and likest so much , and pleadest for , that sin will make death terrible . Secondly ; Sin may be considered as it is galled , and vexed , and mortified in the Soul ; When a man setteth upon the root of Sin , and the way of Sin , and falleth a crucifying the body of Sin , and the members of it , I say , howsoever there be divers motions and stirrings of Sin in the soul ; yet if these be disavowed , disaffected , and mortified , if there be a crucifying vertue , pass over them , if they come not within the judgment to approve them , or within the affections to embrace and like them ; if they come not to be a mans trade , and way , and walk , but fall within the improbation of the judgment to disavow them , and the misliking of the affections to sorrow for them : These shall not be the sting of death , whatsoever the motions are ; But these untouched , unmortified sins , these are the sting of death . Now these are the sting of death , in a double respect ; First , in respect of the guilt ; Secondly , in respect of the corruption . First , they are a sting in respect of guilt . Every Sin remaining unsatisfied for , remaineth with his guilt , and when Sin is not satisfied for , there is the sting of death . When the sinner hath nothing to oppose to the justice of God , for the sin he hath committed , if the Sin be in the book of God uncrossed , be a debt there not blotted out by the blood of Christ ; if Christ have not satisfied for it , if the sinner have not part in him ( as we shall hear anon ) then Sin is the sting of death . And then secondly , they are a sting in respect of the corruption , and filthiness of Sins unmortified . Those filthy sinful motions , those depraving qualities in thy soul that thou likest , and practifest in thy conversation , they give thee up into the hand of Death , to execute his Sting upon thee ; And therefore you that applaud your selves in sin , and will go on in Sin , do so ; But know this , when thou comest to the full strength of thy Sin , let it be what it will , when Death cometh , it findeth the strongest weapon it hath in thy sin : the very power of thy sin armeth Death against thy soul . No man is more obnoxious , and open to the sharpest dart of Death , then that man that will go on in Sin. So you see what Sin is spoken of , that is the sting of death , that Sin is the sting of Death , that a man loveth and doteth on . The third Question is , in what respect Sin is the sting of Death ? First by way of Eminencie , because that then the sting of Sin beginneth most sensibly to work in a man. Not but that Sin hath a sting before Death , but then the deluded sinner feels his sin ; there be divers times that Sin can sting a person before that , but then ( howsoever the sinner hath deluded himselfe , and the word of God , and the world ) he can delude them no more , Death then ( most ordinarily ) sixeth his sting in the soul , and makes the sinner feel the smart of his sin . There be three times wherein Sin can sting a man ; Before death . At death . After death . Before Death . God sometimes letteth loose the conscience of a man , even of the most resolved sinner , of him that bears himselfe up alost in his own eyes in scrone , and contempt of the ministry of the Word : sometime ( I say ) God singleth out such a person , and rippeth up all his heart , strikes his Arrows into his very soul , and stings his conscience so irresistably , that he knoweth not which way to turne form the wrath that boyleth in his soul . And it is one thing to deal with the Minister , and another to deal with God ; When God strikes his Arrows of vengeance into the soul of a sinner , then such a one is stung indeed , this God doth sometimes before death . Nay sometimes God stingeth the consciences of his own children for sin . David cries out , he roared for the disquietness of his spirit , his bones were broken , he was sore vexed , Lord how long ? faith he . If there be such deep disquiet , by reason of this sting in the consciences of good persons ; tell me then , what is the disquiet that springeth from sin , in a Cain , a Judas , when it meets with a dispairing disposition ? Thus you see Sin hath this time to sting , and therefore think not that Sin will never sting till death , sometimes Sin stingeth a man before death . Another time is at death . When Death cometh and arresteth a sinner in an Action from God , seizeth on a person that is under the power of Sin , on one that is in his sins unrouched , howsoever he behaved himself in his life-time , yet then the very name of Death breaks his heart , it apaleth him , and then it stings such a Person . It is appointed ( beloved ) for all of us once to die ; Death will one day arrest every man , but when Death appeareth before a man , that hath not a part in Christ , that is under the power of his sins , when it cometh to a Belshazar , it makes his very joynts to smite one against another , it is a sting to him amidst all those sweet morsels his sins , which he so much affected , and so earnestly pursued , it is a very poyson to him ; nothing is a poyson now to us but sin only ; but then at the time of death sin is a poyson indeed . Lastly , Sin can sting not only before , and at , but after death . Bothat the day of Judgment , and after . At the day of judgement . Is not the concience of a sinner ( think you ) stinged , and his spirit deeply affected , by reason of the great wrath of God that is to be poured out , when he shall cry to the mountains to cover him , when he shall call to those insensible creatures , that are not able to lend him that courtesie to crush him to nothing ? Make this our one cause , think of it , it will be our case , as It is appointed for us all to die , so we must all come to judgement . And after the Judgement , when the sentence , go you cursed , is past , the sting of Sin ceaseth not , no , the worm for ever gnaweth in Hell. It were a happiness for a sinner , if he might only hear the sentence , if this worm might not still gnaw his conscience , but then , this is his burthen , Sin shall sting him for ever . This is the first respect in which sin is called the sting of death , because then Sin stingeth more eminently and sensibly . Secondly , it is called the sting of death , in respect of the metaphor the Apostle aludeth unto , it is taken from the sting of a Serpent , and so Sin is a sting in a double respect ; First in respect of the fearfulness , and then in respect of the hurtfulness of it . First , in respect of the fearfulness ; It is Sin that makes Death fearful to a man. Indeed I confess , that in the best Christian ( though Christ have pulled out the sting of death yet ) there are natural grudgings , and shruglings . As to a Serpent , though the sting be pulled away , yet there are some abhorrings , and dislikes in a man. But then how terrible is Death when it cometh in a compleate Armour , as it doth against a person in whom Sin remaineth in its full power ? it must needs then be terrible . See the differences between two persons , the one is afraid of every one he meeteth , the other is not , what is the reason ? the one is greatly indebted and ingaged , the other is free . So it is with a Christian , and another man , the one cannot hear of Death but his heart breaks , he is full of fear and horrour ; the other heareth of Death , and is only somewhat affected in the hearing of it , but not possessed with that fear as is the other ; what is the reason ? the sting of death remaineth in one , and not in another . Sin therefore is a sting in that respect . Secondly , it is a sting in respect of hurtfulness . The sting of the Serpent is a hurtfull thing , it poysoneth the vitall parts , it takes away life it self . All the evill that cometh to us by death , cometh by sin . Man need not complain of the ilness of the prison so much , as of his own folly , that he ingaged himself in debt , whereby he is cast into prison . Why complainest thou of the misery in Hell ? rather labour to break off thy sins that are the cause of all that misery : all the hurtful quality , and miserable condition that befalleth a person in Death and Hell , is for Sin : the eternal separation of the soul from God , and all punishment that follows after in Hell , are the fruit of mans sin . Hell had not been Hell without Sin : it is Sin that causeth it to become hurtfull . Thus I have explained these inquiries . Now I come to make Use and application , and so conclude the Point . The first Use of this point shall be this ; If Sin be the sting of death , let it be our wisdom to get this sting pulled out in the time of our life . Oh that this people were wise ( faith God ) then would they consider their latter end . If you were wise that hear me this day , you would consider that Death will come , and ( if it be not taken away before-hand ) with a sting upon the soul . My brethren , we have many enemies to deal with , even now at this very instant , but there is yet an enemy , as the Apostle faith , The last enemy to be subdued is Death , he his behind : and here is the difference betwixt Death our last enemy , and some other of our enemies : some other of our enemies cannot be subdued , but by their presence , but ( let me tell you ) this Death is such an enemy , as is never subdued , but by his absence , thou canst never overcome Death in death , thou must not reserve this combat till thou come to the field , but thou must overcome this enemy before he cometh , thou must overcome him in thy life . How is that ? Pull out the sting of him now , then Death is conquered . How will you disarm the tongues of malicious slanderous persons , and deprive them of their viperous speech ? by an innocent life . So , how will you take away the sting of death ? watch against Sin , take away sin , and you take away the power from Death , set upon Sin , and Death is overcome , so much sin as is now dead , so much is Death conquered . I beseech you seriously consider these particulars . First , that it will not be long , ere Death knock at these doors of ours , these houses of clay must shortly be ruinated , we must certainly be resolved into dust . What is this life of ours , but as a ship that is driven by a gale of breath ? When the breath of man ceaseth , the ship lieth in a dead calm . Man goeth to his long home , ( saith Solomon ) and the mourners follow in the streets . Death is our long home , we all are the mourners , we follow in the streets . This dead carcass is an example that leads us to our home , and a sermon to tell us that we must follow : we follow now in a charitable expression , but we shall follow one day , in paying of the same debt . Look over all the times of the world , and the dispositions of persons , look over learning and folly , greatness or poorness , find me a man that escaped Death . Die we must ; and we have need to have this much pressed upon us , for it is a hard matter to beleeve that we must die , that I must be the man that must die : common notice of Death are granted , but that I must die , and lie in the dust , and stand before God , it is a hard matter to beleeve this . And consider this secondly , that Death will be terrible to thee , if he knock and find a sting in thee . Thou that now wilt not be reclaimed from swearing ; Alas what will become of that blaspheming soul of thine , when death shall come and find a sting of blasphemy in thee ? How darest thou think of giving up that swearing soul of thine to the Judge of heaven and earth ? Thou unrighteous person that wilt not sanctifie the Lords day , how darest thou give up that unholy soul of thine to the holy God ? Dost thou think to have an eternal rest in heaven , and wilt not give God a rest here ? So I might say for all kind of sinners . Think of this , take heed lest Death find a sting in thee , for all the sting that Death hath , it findeth in thy self , look to it , thy , condition will be fearful , if Death come and find Sin unmortified , unrepented of in thee . God will certainly bring thee to judgment , for every thought , and word , and action . Thirdly consider this , that naturally we are so tempered , that if Death come , he shall find his weapons , and strength in us , in every man of us , I mean considered naturally . But how shall I know whether Death when he cometh , shall find a sting in me or no ? I will only give you two tryals , you shall know it thus . First , if thy conscience now sting thee for some approved sin , if thou repent not , Death will assuredly meet thee with a sting ; that approved sin of thine will be the ●…ting of death . Conscience will sting a man either for the act done , or for the approbation of the act , if conscience sting a man , for his approbation of a sinful quality , or for a sinfull course , if a man continue in that course , surely that will be the sting of death to his soul : therefore look to thy self , perhaps thou art convicted of such a sin , perhaps thy conscience hath so wrought on thee , that it hath stung thee for such a sin , thou yet approvest thy self in it , and thou wilt go on in thy pride still , in such and such sins stil , thou wilt do so : do , but know this , that stand thou never so much upon thy resolution , Death will certainly come , and if he find thee in such a sin against thy conscience , thou hast reserved in thy self a sting for Death . Secondly , a man shall know if Death come with a sting by this trial that Solomon giveth us in Ec. 11.9 . Rejoyce oh young man in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the dayes of thy youth , and walk in the wayes of thy heart , and sight of thine eyes , but know that for all these things God will bring thee to judgment . If thou live a voluptuous life , Death will certainly come with a sting . Dives he lived a voluptuous life , had he not a sting for it ? So others in Scripture , did not their plentiful tables , and voluptuous courses bring a sting on them ? A voluptuous life makes a sting for Death . When a poor wretch is a dying , and shall begin to reflect back on his life , what have I done ? how have I lived ? so much time I have spent , or mispent in apparel , in vanity , in eating , in drinking , in swaggering ; What comfort is this to his soul ? how can he answer this before God ? this is the very thing that will sting him at such a day , when he can read nothing in his life , but barrenness , and unfruitfulness , nothing that hath honoured God in all his life . Certainly , my brethren , if there be an Epicurious , voluptuous life , this life will provide a sting for Death . Alas you will say , Is it so , then we may fear that Death will seize on us thus , for we confess , we have gone on in a voluptuous life , gone on in sin , that our conscience hath condemned us for , how shall we do to pull out this sting ? I would to God you were thus affected , that you were convicted , what a fearful thing it will will be , if sin remain . But wouldest thou have the sting of death pulled out before death come ? I. How shall I disarme it , that I may look death in the face with comfort ? I. shall give you some wayes and means , remember them , and practise them . First , get but a part in Christ , and the sting of death is gone : thanks be to God ( saith the Apostle here ) that hath given us victory , through our Lord Jesus Christ . It is he that in the Revelation is said to have the keyes of Hell , and of death : they are under his command and subjection , he is victorious over them , he hath vanquished them , so that if a man have Christ , he hath victory and power over Hell and Death . I told you in the beginning , that that which giveth a sting to Death , is the guilt of sin : It is so , and it is a fearful sting : Now that which takes away the guilt of sin , is Christ . If Christ be mine , I have enough to answer the guilt of sin , Therefore the Apostle saith , Death cannot separate from the love of God in Christ ; What shall then ? Indeed nothing , it is not the guilt of his sins , Christ hath satisfied from them . So that if thou wilt have the sting of death out , get faith in Christ : if thou be not hidden in the clefts of that Rock , in the blood of Christ , if Christ be not thy Justification , and thy righteousness , what hast thou to answer the Justice of God ? you must die , and stand before God , and how can you stand before God in your sins ? you cannot without Christ , why do you not then study more for Christ ? Why do you not labour for faith in him ? It will be your wisdom to labour earnestly to make sure of him , if you have him , the sting of death is gone . Death cannot hurt a person that hath Chri●… . Get faith in Christ therefore , that is the first . Secondly , 〈…〉 would not have Death terrible , and fearful to you : labour for sincerity . 〈◊〉 ●●ethren , it is a marvellous thing , and yet the truth , uprightness , and sincerity 〈…〉 is an enabling grace . All the particular things that we account particula●●●●●●wise they have not an inabling vertue in them . Some persons have a great d●●● of learning and wit , and many friends , much riches , and the like ; yet there cometh an occasion sometimes that puzzleth all these , there cometh an occasion sometimes , that a mans learning is of no use , and natural parts and wit cannot help , and riches cannot inable him . What time is that ? The time of death , the heart of a man is put to it at such a time , and now these shrink , nothing can inable a man agai●● fear so much , as sincerity and uprightness . When the Prophet Isaiah , told 〈◊〉 from God , that he must die , he flieth to this , Lord remember how I have 〈◊〉 fore thee with an upright heart , and done that which was good in thy sight . When Death cometh to a wicked voluptuous person , and telleth him , I am here come for thee , thou must appear before God , what can this man say ? Lord I have lived before thee , a voluptuous , proud , wretched life , I was a scorner of thy Word , a conten●…er and persecutor of thy people , a swearer , &c. What though perhaps he can say , Lord I have heard so many Sermons , I have been so much in conference , and the like , will this inable a man against the fear of Death ? No , nothing but this , that he hath a sincere heart , that his heart is unmixed , that sin is not affected in his soul , that there is no sin that he would live in , no duty that he wonld not do , Lord remember I have walked before thee uprightly ; I say , nothing will inable a man more against fear then sincerity , and nothing disgraceth , perplexeth the soul in an exigent , more then 〈◊〉 . It is sincerity that takes away the sting of Death . The Apostle in R●…m . 14. saith he ; No man liveth to himself , but if he live , he liveth to the Lord ; and if he die , he dieth to the Lord , whether we live or die , we are the Lords . Here is the comfort , we are the Lords , saith he . How proveth he that ? We live unto him : That is the work of a sincere heart ; A true Christian liveth not to himself , but to Christ ; Now if thy conscience give thee this testimony , I have lived unto Christ , then whether I live or die , I am the Lords ; the Apostle concludeth it . So right is that of Solomon , Riches availeth not in the day of wrath , but righteousness delivereth from death . Thy righteousness and sincerity delivereth thee , not from dying , but from death ; It takes away the sting and power of Death , Death shall not be death to thee , it is only a passage to thee . Therefore remember as to get a part in Christ , so to get a perfect , and sincere heart , and then the sting of death is gone . But a hypocritical divided heart , a heart and a heart , that will sting a man. That is the second . Thirdly , wouldest thou have the sting of death pulled out now ; Then mortisie thy sins now , do it presently . Remember what Saint Paul saith ( but I think he speaks it in respect of afflictions ) I profess by our rejoycing in Christ Jesus , I die dayly . If it be meant of afflictions , yet it should be verified of us in respect of sin , die dayly to sin , and then the sting of death is gone . Oh beloved , our condition will be sad , and discomfortable , when at once we must enter into the field with Death and Sin ; he that dieth daily to Sin , he hath nothing to do with Death when it cometh ; Death may come to such a party , but cannot hurt him , he may rest quietly when it cometh . And observe it , so much sin as thou now sparest , so much sting thou reservest for Death , and is it not folly in a man to spare sin that giveth a sting to Death ? But now , as a man is to crucifie evey sin , ( let me put in this caution , and remember this advise ) As the sting of every sin is to be pulled out , so pull out especially the sting of that Sin , that now stingeth thy conscience , that now lieth upon thy conscience ; for if it work now , it will work fearefully at death : Death doth not lessen the work of sin , but inrageth it ; God will then present and set thy sins in order before thee : perhaps God hath brought thee here to day to hear this Word ; get thee home , and set thy soul in order . The love of Sin , and the fear of Death , seldome part , and where Sin is much loved , Death will there be much feared ; Death is never more terrible , then where sin is most delighted in . Therefore crucifie sin , if thou wilt have the sting of death taken away . It may be thou thinkest it is a troublesome work : but remember , that those sins which thou now so much delightest in , and lovest and livest in , will then prove the sting of death to thee ; If a man would spend his time in the mortisication of sin , when death cometh , he should have nothing to do , but to let his soul loose to God , and to give it up to him , as into the hands of his most faithfull Creator and Redeemer . And is it not an excellent thing for a man to have nothing to do with Death when it cometh ? Lastly , here is a use of comfort . If it hath pleased God to give any of us the grace to pull out the sting of death , it is a great comfort . But Death is approaching , you will say . Oh but Death is disarmed , the sting of it is taken away , what a singular comfort is it then to you that Death is coming ? Indeed all the comfort that the soul is capable of is this , that the sting of death is took away ? Now when Death cometh upon such a man , it doth but free him from all that state of misery he is in here , from all that extremity of condition that he is put into , from all those diversities of occasions , pressing occasions , of tumbling about in the world , Death doth but put an end to all . And ( which is an excellent comfort to a Christian ) Sin is ended with Death : what afflicteth the soule of a Christian , but that he carrieth about him a body of sin , and of death ? This was a trouble to Saint Paul , and is to every true Christian . Now , when Death cometh , there is an end of this Body of sin , thou shalt never sin more , thou shalt never grieve the Spirit of God more , thou shalt never be clogged with such imperfections , and infirmities in duty : that death , that cometh to thee , shall pass thee , to the fruition of eternal glory , and what canst thou desire more , then to be happy in eternal glory with God ? THE DESTRUCTION OF THE DESTROYER : OR , THE OVER THROW OF THE LAST ENEMY . SERMON VII . 1 COR. 15.26 . The last Enemy that shall be destroyed , is Death . DEATH is a Subject that a Christian should have in his thoughts often , and neither the hearing , nor thinking , nor speaking of it can be unseasonable for any place or person . We have heard that the life of Philosophers , is nothing but a meditation of Death : and certainly the life of a Christian much more should abound in such meditations . No man can live well , till be can die well . He that is prepared for Derth , is certainly freed from the danger of death : neither is there any so fit a way to be ready for it , as to be osten minded of it . Therefore I have made choice at this time to speak of this verse , wherein ( ye see ) the Apostle declareth , and leadeth us to treat of four things . First , that there is a Death . Secondly , that this Death is an Enemy . Thirdly , that this Enemy is the last Enemy . Lastly , that this last Enemy shall be destroyed . A word or two of each of these parts . First ; Death is . Ye know that well enough , your eyes shew it you daily : our senses declare it so plainly , that no man is so senseless that knoweth it not : It is agreed upon by all . Only for your better furtherance to make use of this point , let us acquaint you with that which nature will teach ye concerning Death . Secondly , with that which Scripture will teach you , above , and better then Nature . Nature sheweth ye concerning Death , first what it is . And then , Secondly , what Properties it hath . It telleth us this , That Death is in absence from life , a ceasing from beeing , when one was beeing , to be thrust ( as it were out of the present world , and be cast some where . This is all that Nature informeth us concerning the Essence and Being of Death . Death is a deviding of us from this life , and from the things of this life , and sends us abroad we know not where . Secondly , Nature teacheth us three Properties concerning Death . One , that it is universal ; It hath tied all to it , high and low , rich and poor . Death knocks at the Princes pallace , as well as at the poor habitation of the meanest man. It is a thing that respects no mans greatness , it regardeth no wealth , nor wit , nothing ; Death takes all before it . That Nature teacheth too . Secondly ; Nature teacheth that Death is inevitable . If a man would give all the world , he cannot thrust it out of doors . It takes whole Armies as well as one man. It scorneth to be resisted by the Phisitians : there is no words , no means to escape it . It is such an enemy as we must grapple with , and it will conquer . This Nature teacheth . Again , Nature teacheth that death is uncertain . A man knoweth not when Death will come to him , or when it will lay hold on him , or by what means it will setch him out of the world . It may fetch him out of the world at any time , or in any place , and by such occasion , as it is impossible for any wit to think of before . This is in substance all that Nature teacheth . And the knowledg of this , it is for good use , as well to remember and consider it , as to understand it . But now I go on to tell ye ; what the Scripture teacheth concerning Death : for that giveth a perfecter and larger information of the thing , then the dim light of Nature . The scripture then ( over and above that which Nature sheweth ) telleth us concerning Death these things . First , it sheweth better what it is ; and then , It sheweth whence it cometh , and what are the causes of it . Thirdly , it declareth the consequences what follow upon it . And lastly , and bestly , it tellech us the remedy against the ill of Death . In all which Nature stumbleth , and can do little or nothing . First , the Scripture telleth us what it is ; It telleth us how that it is the disolution of a man , not the annihilation ; It doth not make him cease to be , but takes asunder awhile the soul from the body : It carrieth the one to the earth , and the other to another world : so that both continue to be , though they be not united as before . The word of God teacheth us , that he hath created the world ( as it were ) a house of three Stories . The middle is this present life where we be . And there is a lower place , the Dungeon , a place of unhappiness and destruction ; there is a higher place , a pallace of glory . According as men behave themselves in this middle room ; so Death either leadeth them down to the place of unhappiness , or conveyeth them up to the pallace of glory and blessedness . This , Nature is ignorant of , but the Scripture is plain in . The rich man dieth , and his soul is carried to Hell ; the poor man when he died , his soul was advanced to Heaven . So that Death is nothing but the messenger of God to take the soul out of the body , and to convey it to a place of more happiness , or more misery then can be conceived . Secondly , the Scripture acquaints us further with the cause of death . Philosophers wondred since nature desireth a perpetuity , and continuance of it self , that man should be so short a time in the world . The Scripture endeth this wonderment and tels us that man indeed was made immortal , to continue for ever , and should not have died : but sin came into the world , and by sin death . Death is the mother of sin , and of all misery , that by little and little draweth to death . I say sin : the first sin of our first Parents whereby they transgressed that most easie and equal mandate about eating the forbidden fruit . That transgression that was the treading under foot the covenant of works , and the disanulling of it , that sin let in Death at a great Gap : and now it triumpheth , and beareth rule over all the world . Nature cannot tell which way in the world a man should die so soon , and that he that is the Lord of all creatures , should be inferiour to a great number of them in length of life . But the word of God unriddleth this riddle , and telleth us that God made man , that he might and should have lived for ever , but Sin coming , and coming in the person of the first man , it brought death , and made all men mortal : and when sin entred . Gods curse came , and that working upon us poor and miserable creatures , it is the cause that we cannot continue long here . It was equal that death should follow sin , for since God made man to obey his will , when man had unfitted himself for Gods service , it was reason that he should have a short continuance of life , for the longer he endured , the more he would abuse himself . Ye see then two things that the Scripture teacheth concerning death . The third thing it sheweth is , what followeth after death : and that is plain ; It is appointed for all men once to die , and after death cometh judgment . Narure never dreamed of judgment after Death , but the Scripture telleth us , there is a judgment after Death . Judgment , what is that ? Judgment ( ye know ) is a calling of a man before Authority , a looking into his wayes , a considering of his actions , a finding out whether he be a sinner , an evil-doer : and if he find him so , to passe sentence according to his evil deeds . When God hath took the soul from the body , he takes the soul first , and after both soul and body , and presents them before his own Tribunal , and there searcheth into every mans life , ransacks his conscience , looks deep into his conversation , and inquireth into his secrets , openeth his actions , and whole carriage from his infancy to his last breath , and findeth out the things that he hath done , and passeth sentence according to that he hath done . This Indgment hath two degrees . First assoon as a man dieth . No sooner is the soul separated from this case ( as it were ) the body , but instantly it is presented before the Lord Jesus Christ , and there he passeth sentence , either that it is a true beleever , a godly liver , a person united to Christ , that walked as becometh the Gospel of Christ , and then it receiveth glory , and joy , and bliss for the present , more then tongue can express . Or else it findeth against him , that he was a sinfnl man , a wicked man , a hyyocrite , a dissembler , one that named Christ with his tongue , but did not depart from iniquity , nor live according to the Gospel of Christ : and then he is delivered up to Satan , to be hurried down to Hell , and there to suffer the wrath of God according to the desert of so great wickedness . This particular judgment passeth upon every soul assoon as it leaveth the Body . Then followeth the great universal Judgment , when soul and body shall be reunited , and stand before God : every particular man that ever hath been , is , or shall be , every man shall appear in their own persons , their whole lives shall be laid open , all secret things shall be made known , for God ( faith the Apostle ) shall judg the secrets of all hearts by Jesus Christ according to my Gospel . This is the third thing that the word of God informeth us concerning death , that nature could never do . The last , that is the best , the Scripture giveth us a remedy against the ill of death . It is a pittiful thing to hear of mortality and sickness , if there were not a good Potion or Phisick prescribed to ascape the ill of it . To hear tell of Death , and so tell , as the Scripture saith , that it is a going to another world of weale or woe , and not to hear of a remedy , it is woful tydings , and would wring tears from a hard heart . But the Scripture makes report of death , not only tollerable and easie , but comfortable and gladsome to a Christian heart : for it sheweth by whom , and by what means we may infallibly , and certainly , escape all the hurt that Death can do : Nay , by what means we may order our selves so , that Death may be beneficial to us . What is that ? In one short word ; It is Christ ; I am the resurrection , and the life , he that beleeveth in me , shall never see death . He meaneth to hurt himselfe . Again , This is the message , that God hath given us life , and this life is in his Son. And He that hath the Son hath life . Our Saviour Jesus Christ came into the world ( as the Apostle telleth us ) that he might destroy him that had the power of death , and so set them at liberty , that all their life-time were in bondage under the fear of death . And Saint John saith ; He came into the world to destroy the works of the devil : which are sin and death . So that now Death hath lost his sting , because Christ overcame it : in dying he slue Death , and was the death of Death : this man Christ , God and Man , he offered himself to his Father as a Sacrifice for the sins of the world , and dying a cursed death upon the Cross , so satisfied the justice of God on the behalf of all those that are in him , that death can do them no harm : It is nothnig else but a passage to eternal blessedness . Oh blessed be the name of God , that hath been pleased to provide so perfect a remedy against so mortal an enemy : and to lay it open so clearly and plainly in the Gospel . Ye have heard of those things that I thought to put you in mind of concerning Death , and so I have done with the first point . The second is , That Death is an enemy . Therefore the Apostle Paul telleth us of a certain sting it hath , Oh death where is thy sting ? It is an armed enemy , it cometh as a Serpent with a sting that entreth into a mans soul , putteth it to exream perplexity , if he taks not order to disarm this enemy . An enemy ye know is a person that setteth himself wilfully to hurt , a man may hurt his neighbour , either through indiscretion , or unadvisedness against his will , or he may lay wait to do him hurt , intending misceif , and seeking to peforme somewhat that shall be injurious to him . We call not him an enemy that we receive a little hurt from against his will , contrary to his purpose and intention : but he that studieth , and before-hand desireth to be an enemy , Now Death ( as we may say ) studieth our hurt in all extremity before-hand . There is but two sorts of hurt that can come to a man. One is , to deprive him of that which is beneficial and comfortable , to rob him of all that is contentful to him in this life . As when a company of Foes break into a Nation , they burn their goods , and spoyle their houses , and rob and take away all that is comfortable to them , so much as they can . Death is such an enemy : It desireth to bereave a man of that necessary contentment he hath . When it meeteth with a learned man , it takes away all his learning at one blow , assoon as he is dead , he ceaseth to be a great scholler . It cometh to a rich man , and robs him of all his goods at one blow too : though he have millions , Death causeth all to be another mans . When it cometh to a King , it pulleth him beside his Throne , takes his Crown off his head , and casteth both him and it into the dust , he is King no longer when he is dead . And so in all the benefits of this life , it takes away the pleasure and contentments of a man ; it takes away the husband from the wife , and the wife from the husband ; it devideth children from Parents , and Parents from children : all the benefits that this life afford , Death strippeth a man of them all , and turnes him naked out of the world , just as he came he must goe , and carry nothing in his hand : Death will not admit him to take one farthing , or any thing else with him . So he is an enemy , for he spoileth us of whatsoever is desirable in this life . But he is an enemy also in inflicting a great deal of ill upon men . So death bringeth torment for the present : It is a terrible thing to wrestle with ; it makes a man bleed , and sweat as it were : No man can incounter with death , but he feeleth anxiety and vexation of body and mind , ( unless he have comfort from above to enable him to wrestle with it , but ) in his own proper nature it is so furious an enemy , that it doth not cease till it hath dragged the soul into the presence of God , and after , from his Tribunal to the torment of eternal fire in Hell. That succeedeth death , for naturally of its own nature it tendeth to the destruction of man , because it is a fruit of sin , and therefore must needs he the perdition , and overthrow of the soul . For sin bringeth destruction in regard it makes God angry with us , and separateth from him , and by consequence from all manner of comfort : and in regard it separateth from him , it bringeth all manner of ill , his wrath , his hatred , and ill will the greatest of all . Death ( I say ) properly , and of it selfe intendeth , and seeks to draw all those that it layes hold on to a state of everlasting unhappiness , therefore it is an enemy . So you see the second point opened . The third is , that Death is the last enemy , after which there shall be no more . But I must tell you to whom it is the last , not to all . For there are a generation of men that shall feel death to be the last of enemies , and in a manner the first . But to the Saints and those that are prepared for death , and those that will use the remedy , to these , and these alone , death is the last enemy : after once they have grappled , and fought , and encountred with this enemy , they are at peace and rest ; as he saith , Happy are they that die in the Lord , for they rest from their labours . There is no more toyl and misery to a good man after death . And why ? Because , death separateth sin from his soul , as well as the soul from the body , and so taking away the cause of unrest , it must needs take away misery and unhappinesse it self . Indeed properly , Death doth it not , but the Lord Jesus Christ by death . For it pleaseth him when his servants leave this world , then they are fit to enter into a place of happiness in another world , which they could not be , except they were freed from sin . Death is the daughter of sin , and with a happy patricide ( as it were ) at once it destroyeth it self and sin : and therefore it takes away all misery , because it takes away all sin . Therefore it is the last enemy , because it killeth the worst of our enemtes , for when we are dead , there shall be no more enmity between God and us , and so no more enemy . This is the third point . The last is , that this enemy shall be destroyed . A thing is destroyed , abolished , when its self ceaseth to be , and it took out of the way , and when all the ill effects that it would produce , and effect or hath , are removed . So the Lord Jesus Christ abolisheth Death , he destroyeth it , that it shall never again be known in the world , or felt by his servants : and he preventeth all those evill effects that it would work in the soul for eternity , and removeth all the ill effects of it , that it hath wrought on their bodies for the present time . Death takes away a mans goods for the present , Christ abolisheth that , he giveth everlasting substance in heaven . Death takes away friends . Christ abolisheth that , he sends us to heaven , where we have more friends and better . Death brings the body to rottenness and corruption , it laieth it in the dust , turns it to putrifaction , Christ abolisheth that , at the Resurrection it shall rise again in glory . How that is done the Apostle tells us in the end of this chapter ; The body shall be laid in the dust , a weak and feeble , a mortal and natural body , but it shall be clothed with immortality ; This mortal shall put on immortality , this corruptible shall put on incorruption , then shall be fulfilled that saying , Death is swallowed up in victory . But this is also limited , it shall be destroyed , to whom ? To those that use the remedy , those that partake of Christ , those that have put on him , that is the Resurrection and the life . Thus I have laid before your eyes briefly these four things , that the Apostle leadeth us to treat of concerning death . That it is . That it is an enemy . That it is the last enemy . And that it shall be destroyed . Now I desire to apply this , and to make use of it . First , I shall be bold to play the Examiner , to search each conscience a little . Brethren , let the word of God enter into your souls . Ye hear that there is a death , and that this death is a sore and bitter enemy : and ye hear that to some sort of men it is the last enemy that ever they shall encounter with , and be freed from all the hurt of it , it shall be utterly destroyed . Now do so much as discend every one into himself , and inquire what care there hath been to prepare for death , to make use of the remedy against death : what time and paines hath been bestowed to seek to get that that is the only means to escape the Dart of this enemy , and that that is the only cause to procure this enfranchisement to the soul , from that that else will destroy all . A man hath not fitted himself to encounter with his enemy , when he looks after wealth , and followeth the pleasures , and contentments of this life ; these things will do no good , they will be rather a burthen to the heart , and vexe the soul , and increase the mischief , laying more sin upon the soul , and giving death darts to pierce the soul with . But when is a man fit for death ? and who may encounter with this enemy with safety ? I will tell ye ; That man that takes the greatest care to disarm death of his weapons , to arm himself with defensive weapons against death . If an enemy come upon a man with good weapons in his hand , and find him altogether unweaponed , it is hard for a naked unarmed man to deal with him : it is hard for a man that never thought of it before , to fight with one that is skilful at his weapons . Death ( I told ye ) is an enemy , and an enemy that is skilful in his weapons : and the weapon of death it is our own sin . Death bringeth nothing with it to hurt a man ; It findeth with us , and in us , that whereby to hurt us ; so many corruptions as are in thy heart , so many weapons ; so many idle words , so many bad deeds ; so many swords to pierce thy heart . Death maketh use of those weapons it findeth in our selves , and with them he destroyeth , and killeth , and brings us to perdition . Now , what have ye done ( beloved ) to disarme death ? what care have ye taken to break sin apieces , that it may not be as a sword ready drawn for the hand of death when it cometh ? as Arrows in a Bow , to shoot at you , when Death layeth hold on you ? That man that hath took no care to overcome sin in the power of it , and to get himself free from the guilt and punishment of it , is unfit for death . If death come upon him , and find his offences unrepented of , unpardoned , unsubdued , he will so order those offences , that he will thrust them into his foul , as so many poisoned Darts , that will bring sorrow , and anguish , and vexation , and destruction to all eternity . Ye may see then whether ye have any fitness to meet with this Enemy , whether ye be in case to fight that battel , that of necessity ye must ; for Death ( as I told ye before ) is enevitable . If ye have not ; Get alone between God and thy self , and there call to mind the corruption of thy nature , the sins of thy childhood , of thy body , of thy mind , bring thy soul into his presence , confess thy sins , with an endeavour to break thy heart for them , and to be sorry for them , mightily crying to him in the mediation of that blessed Advocate Jesus Christ , that died on the Cross , to pardon , and to wash thy soul in his bloud , and to deliver thee from the pollution of thy sins . Beg the Spirit of sanctification to bear down those sins , and subdue thy corruptions . Bestow time to perform these exercises daily , carefully present thy self before God , thus to renew thy repentance and faith in Christ , to make thy peace with God : Labour to purge away the filthiness of thy sin , and then whensoever Death cometh , thou shalt find in thy self sufficient against it , thou hast disarmed it . But if ye spend your time in pursuing profits , and pleasures , and follow the vanities of this life , and either ye do not think of death , or ye think of it no otherwise then a heathen man would have done , to no purpose ; ye think of it to enjoy the world while ye live , because ye know not how soon death will end the world and you , if you play the Epicures in the thought of Death , to annimate you to enjoy the outward benefits of this life : to think of it to no purpose , but only to talk and discourse now and then as occasion serveth : then Death will find your souls laden with innumerable sins that repentance hath not discharged , and undoubtedly it will bring eternal perdition . Have ye thus disarmed Death ? But again , a mans self must be armed , or else he cannot incounter with his enemy , What is our Armour against Death to keep off that blow . The Apostle in one word sheweth us these Armours , when he saith , a Breast-plate of faith , and love , and the hope of salvation a Helmet . If a man have got faith to rest on Christ alone for eternal happiness , and his soul filled with the hope of glory , and salvation through him , and then with love to him , and his servants for his sake ; These three vertues will secure a man against all the hurt that death can doe . Faith , Hope , and Charity , the Cardinal vertues that Christian religion requires , and commands us to seek , these are Armour of proof against all the blows of death : he that hath them shall never be hurt of Death , because he shall never taste of the second death : he hath only to wrestle with the first Death , and there is no terrour , nor terribleness it that , if a mans heart be secure by these Graces . Faith whereby we depend on Christ , and on him alone for grace and salvation , bringing hope whereby we expect and look for salvation of our souls by his blood according to his promise , and working charity whereby we love him for his goodness , and his servants for his sake ; ( If it be charity not only of the lip to speak well , but that that produceth wel-doing ) I say this is that makes us that death cannot separate us from Christ , but the further we are from life , the neerer we are to him , for when this outward tabernacle of our house is dissolved , we have a building with God eternal in the heavens : and death to such a man is nothing but the opening of the door to let him out of the dungeon of the world , and to place him happily in the Pallace of eternal blisse . I pray enter into consideration how ye have behaved your selves in the course of your lives , whether as Heathens , or as Christians . A man that takes no care to prepare for death , though he come to the Church from Sunday to Sunday , and partake of all Gods ordinances , yet if the consideration of death be not so imprinted in him , that it become a motive to him to labour for Faith , and hope , and charity , and to endeavour to edifie himself in these graces , he liveth as a Heathen or an Infidel : and when death cometh to him , it will do him more hurt , then it will an Infidel , because by how much God hath given him more means to escape , and by neglecting those means , as his sin is greater , so shall his punishment be . Secondly , if ye have been careless for to prepare for this enemy ; Now be ashamed of it , and sorrow for it , let your hearts now smite ye , and ake within you : Oh foolish man or woman ( say ) I have lived twenty , thirty , forty , fifty years , and some more ; I have laboured against other enemies , if men had any thing against me , I would be sure to take order ; I have laboured for the things of this life , for riches and friends , and give my self leave for to enjoy pleasures , and taken pains to doe good to my body : but all this while it never came into my heart seriously to think , I must die , and after that comes Judgement , that I must stand before Gods Tribunal , and give account of my wayes ; I have not laboured to beware of Death and of sin : nor to kill my corruptions , I have not laboured to increase in Faith , and hope , and charity ; I have left my self unarmed against the last and worst enemy . Oh what folly is this , to live in the world many a long day , and never to consider , that there will be an end of all these dayes , and the end of those , the beginning of another life , and a life that will be infinitely more miserable then this . If this ( beloved ) have been any of your faults to be carelesly forgetful of your latter end , not to consider of your departure hence : if the world have so tempted you , and pleasures have so enamoured you , that you have forgotten your latter end , blame your selves , it is the greatest of all follies . And that I may disgrace this folly , and make you ashamed of it ; Consider a little . That this is to be like children ; The Apostle biddeth us not to be like children in understanding : but he that forgetteth Death , and is careless to prepare for it , is a very child . A little one never thinketh he shall ever be a man himself , and maintain himself , and live in the world by his own labour , or by that he shall have from his friends , he careth for nothing butmeat , and drink , and sport , and pastime : we blame their folly , andlaugh at it as rediculous , and therefore by our diligence we prevent that ill that might else come upon them . Is it not thus with many of you ? ye live and build houses , and raise your names to be glorious , and to make a fair shew in the world : but to get grace , and to get faith , and hope , and love , and repentance , none of your thoughts almost run that way , scarce any of your thoughts are so bestowed . Is not this to be children in understanding . Again he is a foolish man that knoweth he shall meet an enemy , and will not prepare . If a man should hear of twenty or thirty thousand souldiers were gathered against the City , and besieged it to destroy it ; He would not be so foolish , and so simple then , as to bestow himself in his trade , and to follow his business , and to give himself to merrimeut , but he would get his weapons , and he would look about him , help to arm the City , and to make it strong . Why do ye not consider that your soul is as a City ? Death will come against it , and batter you with sickness , with pains , and at last will certainly take it , and if the soul be not prepared , will carry it to Hell fire . Why will you be so retchless , and sensless to eat and drink , and labour to grow rich , to bury your selves in eatrthly labours , and never think how to escape , how Death may be kept out , that will destroy soul and body ? I presume you are ashamed of this folly by this time , I hope ye will go away with remorse and sorrow , for so carelesly neglecting a thing of so great importance to be provided for . In the third place therefore I entreat you , begin this great work this day . Consider ( if you have not begun ) the enemy lieth in wait for thee , oh man or woman , if thou be never so young , thou maist meet with him before night , if thou be old , thou must meet with him ere long . Prepare for him betime : think what an enemy may encounter thee in the way . If a man be to travel , though he be not assured to meet with an enemy , yet he will strive to get good company , and weapon himself , he will carry his sword , something he will do , that if a theef come to rob him he may be able to prevent the danger . Beloved , think that there is an enemy that way-laies us , as we go along in the world , one time or other he will be sure to come upon us : therefore stir up your selves , begin this day to prepare for this enemy . How shall I prepare for Death ? I told you before , it is not amiss in a word to repeat it : Get Faith in Christ , and Hope , and Charity , and repentance . These will be means to prepare and help thee against Death . Therefore ( if hitherto thou have not ) lament and bewail the sinfulness of thy nature and life . Assoon as thou art out of this place , get thee into a solitary room , fall upon thy knees , lament thy sins , the ilness of thy nature and carriage , rehearse thy wayes as much as thou canst , condemn thy self before God , mightily crie for pardon in the meditation of his Son , and never leave sobbing and mourning , till he hath given thee some answer that he is reconciled . And then strive to get faith in Christ , call to mind the perfection of his redemption , the excellency of his person and merits , that thou maist repose thy soul on him , that thou maist say , though my sins be as the Stars , and exceed them , yet the merit of my Saviour , and his satisfaction to the justice of God it is full : in him he is well pleased and reconciled , I will stay on him , Lord Chiist , thou hast done and suffered enough to redeem me and Man-kind , thou hast suffered for the propitiation of the world , though my sins deserve a thousand damnations , yet I trust upon thy mercy , according to the Covenent made in thy Word . Thus when a man laboureth to cast himself on Christ , to lay the burthen of his salvation , and to venter his soul on him , now he hath beleeved , this Breast-plate , Death is not able to thrust through . And then , labour that this faith may work so strongly , that it may breed Hope , a constant and firm expectation grounded on the promises of the Word , that thou shalt be saved , and go to Heaven , and be admitted into the presence of God , when thou shalt be separated from this lower world . He that is armed with this hope , hath a Helmet , Death shall never hurt his head ; it shall never be able to take away his comfort and peace ; He shall smile at the approach of death , because it can do nothing but help him to his kingdome . And then , labour for Charity , to inflame thee to him again , that hath shewed himself so truly loving to men , as to seek them when they were lost , to redeem them when they were captives , and to restore them from that unhappiness , that they had cast themselves into . Oh that I could love thee , and thy people for thy sake , thou diddest die for them , shall not I be at a little cost and pains to help them out of misery . Thus if ye labour to be furnished with these graces , then you are armed against Death ; those will do you more good , then if you had gotten millions of millons of gold and silver . As you have understanding for the outward man , as you have care to provide for that , top reserve and comfort life , while you are here , so have a care for the future world , and that boundless continuance of eternity . If a man live miserable here , death will end it , if he be prepared for death , he shall live happily for ever ; but if a man live happily ( as we account it ) and die miserably , that misery is endless . Ye mistake ( beloved ) ye account men happy that abound in wealth and honour , that have great estates , I say ye mistake in accounting men happy , that enjoy the good things of this life , that can live in prosperity to the last time of their age , possessing what they have gotten . If such a man be not prepared for death ; Death makes way for a greater unhappiness after death . For the more sin he hath committed , the more misery shall betide him , his life being nothing but a continued chain of wickedness one link upon another , till he settle upon a preparation for Death . And in the last place , here is a great deal of comfort , to those that have laboured to prepare for death : though to them Death is an enemy , yet it is an enemy that is utterly destroyed . The Philosopher said , that Death is the terriblest of all terrible things ; so it is to nature , because it doth that that no other evil can do , it separateth from all comfort , and carrieth us we know not whether . Death is terrible to a man that is unarmed for death ; but to the poor Saints that have bestowed their time in humiliation , and supplication , and confession , that have daily endeavoured to renew their faith , and hope , and repentance , Death hath no manner of terribleness in the world : if it be terrible to a Christian at the first , it is onely because he hath forgot himself a little , he doth not bethink how he is armed . If God have fitted his servants for death , he hath done most for them : if they have not riches , yet they are fit for death : if they have not an estate amongst men , it mattereth not a whit if they be fit for Death , if they be miserable here , in torments , and sickness , when others have health , it is no matter , all these increase their repentance , makes them labour for Faith , and Hope , and Charity , whereby they are armed against Death . Nothing can save us from the hurt of Death , but the Lord Jesus Christ , put on by Faith , and that furnished with Hope and Charity . If God give a man other things and not these graces , Death is not destroyed to him . But if he deny him other things , and give him these graces , he doth enough for him , Death is destroyed to him . His body indeed falleth under the stroke of Death as other mens , but his soul is not hurt . Death layeth him a rotting as the common sort , but the soul goeth to the possession of glory , and remaineth with Christ ; When he is absent from the body , he is present with the Lord. Nay , when the last day shall come , Death shall be utterly swallowed up , then the poor , and frail , and weak body , that sleepeth in corruption and mortality , shall be raised in honour , and in immortal beauty and glory , a spiritual body , free from all corporal weaknesses that accompany the natural body ; it shall be made most glorious & blessed , even as if it were a spirit , all the weaknesses that accompany the natural being of the body shall be baken away , and it shall enjoy as much perfection as a body can , and therefore it is called spiritual : Therefore I beseech you rejoyce in the Lord if your souls tell you , that you are armed against this death . THE WORLDS LOSSE AND THE RIGHTEOUS MANS GAINE . SERMON VIII . ISAIAH 57.1 . And merciful men are taken away , none considering that the Righteous is taken away from the evil to come . WHen I first began this Verse , I did never think that all things would have been so sutable , to the finishing of it , as now I find they are . For there is no circumstance that can be required to make a correspondency between a former , and a latter handling , but is to be found in the two surveyes I took upon this Text. The occasion of handling it now , is the same that was before . I began it at a Funeral , and now at another Funeral I shall end it . The place of handling the same as it was before . I began the former part of the Verse , in this very street , at the other end of it : Now I shall finish it at this . And the time it is the same , and every way answerable to that it was before . It was begun in a time of Mortality seared ; and now will be finished in a time of Mortality certain . And that there should be no part of correspondency wanting : this latter part of the Verse is answerable to the former , it is but the same again in other words . In the former part there is mention of the righteous man , here of the mercyful man , they are both one . In that , he is said to perish , here to be taken away , they are both the same . There , No man is said to lay it to heart ; and here no man is said to consider it ; both the same . So that look upon the whole , both parts joyn together : they walk on by pairs two and two , as the living creatures into the Ark , Male and Female . The first pair sets forth to you the state and condition of a godly man , he is righteous and merciful : those are the male and female of Piety . The second sets forth to you the state and condition of a dying man , he perisheth and is taken away : those are the Male and Female of death . The third sets out the state and condition of a worldly man , he layes it not to heart , he never takes it into consideration : those are the Male and Female of carnal security . And that all the pairs should now be made up : the former part was handled at the burial of a good old Man : this latter now at the burial of an old and vertuous Gentlewoman : those are the Male and Female of nature . The former part , that is a complaint that the Prophet made ; and so is the second ; and this second is set as a Commentary to the first ; this latter part is as Eve created as a help to Adam , for every word in this latter helps to expound some word in the former . The first word in the latter part t●… us of the merciful man , that is the Exposition of the first word in the former part , the righteous man. Lest any man should make question who this righteous man was , that the Prophet speaks of , how we should know him , and define him , and find him ; find me a merciful man , and he is truly a righteous man. The second word in the latter part is , taken away , that hath reference to the second word in the former , and it is a qualification of the harshness of the former : there it is said , The righteous man perisheth : but lest any man should scandal at this word , shall we think that he perisheth , whose life is hid with Christ in God ? Shall the Scripture say that he perisheth , whose name is in the bundle of life , written in heaven ? To lay aside therefore the rigour of the word , here is the Qualification , he is taken away . The third word of the latter hath reference to the third of the former too . No man considereth it . If any man ask the reason , how it comes to pass , that people should be without natural affection , that they take it not to heart , that they are not grieved for Joseph , that they are not striken with any sense of their own losses , what should be the reason of it ? The reason is in this word , they take it not into consideration : They trouble not their heads , & therefore not their hearts with it . ( That it may make an aggravation of that . ) They were so far from taking of it to heart , that they never propounded it to the examination , and scanning of their judgment , they consider it not . So every word in the latter part is serviceable to the first . I shewed concerning the first part , who this Righteous man is , how great the dignation of the Spirit of God is , that he will stile holy men , that are so imperfect in holiness , yet because of their holy endeavours to walk in the wayes of God blamelesly , the Spirit stiles them Righteous men . Secondly , I shewed how this Righteous man is said to perish : and it what sense ; and how it is impossible they should perish ; and why the Holy Ghost chooseth this word , which is more then death , to set out to us the death of the Righteous man. And then the last considered in particular ; how it is lawful to 〈◊〉 for the departure of those that are gone : how that God alloweth that , how that God blameth for the neglect of it : Men are to lay it to heart , to grieve . How 〈◊〉 this griese is to extend . These were the heads of those things that concerne the first part . I now go on forward to the second . And that is a complaint ( as the former was ) that the Prophet takes up over the people of the Jewes for their great stupidity , in that they considered not any work of God toward them ; And it hath these two parts . There is the complaint he takes up over the dead : Merciful men are taken away from the evil to come . And the other complaint he takes up over the living , those that are living and survive them , they care not though heaven and earth be mingled together , though they lose all their props whereby the earth is supported , they never consider it . I begin with the first of these . And that is ; The complaint that is taken up over the Righteous mans departure . In that I consider two things ; First , looke to the meaning of the words . And then see , what were the motives that made the Prophet take up this complaint and lamentation : that whereas others wanted it , the Prophet should supply it , and should give testimony to their departure ; The righteous are taken away . First for the meaning of the words . It is a proposition , and there are three parts of it . The subject of the proposition , Merciful men . The Predicat , Are taken away . The Affix anexed to it , from the evil to come . Briefly , look upon the meaning of all these , and they will all afford us some instruction . The First is the subject of this proposition ; It is said here ( and it varieth from the former ) Merciful men . A man would wonder why he should alter the stile , except it were , because the Spirit of God delighteth to set out godly men , according to the multitude of their titles , the righteous and mercyful men : Otherwise the same terme might have been kept in the latter part , for they are both the same in effect . He that is a merciful man , is a Righteous man , and he that is righteous will be merciful : yet the Prophet varieth it , righteous men perish , and merciful men are taken away . There is some special reason of the variation . I conceive it is one of these three , or all . The first reason why he useth this word ( merciful men ) in the latter part is . For the greater conviction of their stupidity . They were such as were not affected with the condition , or loss of righteous and holy men ; nay , they were so stupid , that they were not affected with the loss of mercyful men , that is more . If there were any sense of piety they should for Gods cause grieve at the loss of godly men : but if their were any sense of their own good , there should be grief for the loss of merciful men . Generally ( if it be possible to sever them ) the world hath more miss of mercyful men , then of righteous men : every man should mourn for their departure , and miss them , though piety and righteousness may go unmourned for . But these were come to that stupidity , that they had no sight nor sense of their own good : being a mercyful man , it is likely there were many naked that he had clothed , many starved souls that he had sed ; there were parched bowels that he had simpathyzed with , he used to mourn with those that mourn , to lament with those that lament . Many Interpreters would have it spoken , that Isaiah said this of himself , in regard of the persecution that he suffered , ( he was taken away by the Saw : ) but whether it were of one merciful man , or of all , a man would think that mercyful men should not go out of the world without mourners : there are Orphans and Widows , that will mourn for mercyful men , that have been relieved by them . Yet this stupidity so benumned them , in their own senses they were so frozen , that they had no simpathy at all , neither respect to piety or mercy : Righteous men were taken away , and they looked not on that side , merciful men were taken away , and they looked not on that side neither . So it is an aggravation of their stupidity . Secondly , another reason why he varieth the word , Righteous men first , and merciful men after , is this ; To shew how much God honoureth the works of mercy . Though it be a glorious title ( A righteous man ) yet the Spirit of God will not let him go without another title , A mercyful man. Righteousness is best known to God , but mercifulness to men . Mercifulness is an evidence of piety and godliness . Mercy is that grace that honoureth God most , and God honoureth it most . All the high Elogies that are given to piety in the Scripture , are specially stated on mercy : God honoureth it with large and ample promises , Blessed are the mercyful , for they shall obtain mercy ; It hath not the least beatitude set to it , as Basil of Seuleucia well observeth . God honoureth it likewise with an approbation , When I was hungry ye fed me , when I was thirsty ye gave me drink : and with a publike approbation at the last day , in the presence of Angels and men , it is mercy that God then magnifieth , Come ye blessed , when I was hungry ye fed me , &c. God honoureth it likewise with an excellent memorial , he alwayes mentioneth it with honour ; see it in Cornelius , see it in Job , see it in other Saints , they were noted for mercifulness in the Scripture ; here in this place the spirit of God , because the righteous man shall not go without an Epitaph , he makes on this righteous man a memorial . Merciful men are taken away . That is the second reason , that they might understand how farre God honoureth the works of Charity and mercy . Thirdly , that the Prophet might instruct them , and us now ; who are to be reputed , and accounted true righteous men . Those that God accounteth so . And those are merciful men . These two , righteousness and mercy , they meet in God , so they must in every Christian . They are the two wayes of God ( saith David ) all his wayes are mercy and righteousness . They are the two wayes that Christ takes in the world : the first way , at his first coming , a coming of mercy ; to call men to mercy ; the second at his second coming , a coming of judgement , to judge the quick and the dead . So they are two wayes of God , so saith Saint Bernard ; They are the two feet of God , by which he walketh through the world : God visiteth men upon one of these two feet , either in mercy , or righteousness : as they are the feet upon which God walketh to us ; so they must be the two feet that we walk on toward God : Righteousness , that is one , by which we tread the way of the first Table in works of piety to God : and mercy is the other , by which we tread the way of the second Table , in mercy towards men . So that as the two Tables kiss each other , they are infolded one in another ; the love we owe to our brethren , it hangs and depends on our love to God : the love that we shew to God , is to be testified by our love to our brethren : So these two are to embrace one another , we must not sever them that God severeth not : according to this , others will judge of us that we are truly righteons , according to this scantling we take of our selves . Deceive not your selves if their be not works of Charity and mercy , slatter not your selves with an oppinion of righteousness ; it is an empty name where mercy is not . So the Apostle makes the argument , He that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen , how can he love God whom he hath not seen ? So likewise here , is it possible that there should be righteousness toward God , when there is not mercy toward men ? It is the first of those pious instructions , that I will commend to this place . Ostentation of righteousness , there is a great deal in the world , men desire to be accounted godly men , because they can be reserved to themselves . They can get pretences of piety , and zealous they will seem to be for works of the first Table . Did God give only one Table ? No : but we shall be tried by the works of the second Table ; When I was hungry yee fed me not , when I was thirsty ye gave me no drink . Why do we make boast of piety to God , that men cannot judge of ? For there is one little grain of hypocrisie that spoileth all . We may act mercy to men but we cannot act piety : piety will shew it self here ; Here is the touch-stone to give proof of the piety in our hearts , if it bud out in mercy : the righteous man is mereiful in every kind . Where there is piety , there will not be reviling , and disgracing , and quarrelling , and contention : it is impossible that piety in the heart should be contentious , that pure and untainted liquor should pass through a filthy kennel : if there be grace in the heart , it will shew it self in the hand , in the lip , in the words , in the actions , in all . It is but a touch that I give you , I know you easily ghess where I am . I come not to put you in mind of what you know : or rather to put you in mind . I am not conscious to your courses , but I will tell ye what the world faith ; It is a great deal of wrong done to this parish , and this place , if there be not much contention in it : and it is not upon this occasion that I heard it , for before now I never knew any one in the parish , but as the Apostle faith of the good works of one of these Churches , It is spoken of in all the world , so the strife of this place is spoken of in all the City . Here is the fruit whereby you must examine you selves , mercy to men . If we be not those that nourish brotherly love , there will be no mercy : there is no mercy , where there are the fruits of uncharitableness , and if there be no mercy , there will be no piety . Let this therefore be the touch-stone of piety ; love , and peace with men , as the Apostle speaks ; As much as is possible have peace with all men . I will speak no more of the meaning of the first part , Marciful men are taken away . It is the Commentary upon the former The second is the Predicate of the Proposition , they are taken away , that hath reference to this , they perish . It is great wisdom in the Spirit of God thus to expound one word by another . That as in the body of a man , those parts that are of most use , God in wisdom hath made them double , hath made them pairs , two eyes , two hands , two ears , &c. ( because these are parts of great use ) that if one part fall away and miscarry , the other part may supply ; if one eye be out , a man loseth not his sight , he hath another , and so in other parts : so it is in the Scripture ; if we mistake one word , here is another that is more plain to lead us right in the meaning of the Scripture : for else men would have been offended : Godly men perish ; That is more then to die , that that perisheth is lost . But it is plain , they are not lost in death . Perishing is one step beyond death ? If it had been predicated of merciless , impenitent , unrighteous men , it might have been said so , they perish , they not only die . But what hath the righteous done ? who ever perished being innocent ? Who ever suspected and dreamed , that it was possible for merciful men to perish ? Here cometh in the interpretation : No , be not deceived ; It is a word frequently used in the world , carnall men think so , but they perish not , they are but took away . Ye see how one word helpeth the other : so this word giveth us assurance of the meaning of this Scripture , and of the state and condition of a merciful man , he perisheth not , though the Atheists of the world think so : he perisheth not to himself , for then beginneth his happiness , when death cometh : though they perish to mens memorial and remembrance , there is no remembrance of the wise man , more then of the fool ( saith Sollomon ) that is , worldly men , that mind the world , and their bellies , they take no more to consideration , when a righteous man , a wise man dieth , then a fool ; that is , an impenitent man , though I say they perish to the memorial of the world , they perish not to God ; not to the fruition of his happiness , for Death is but a porter , a bridge to everlasting life , then beginneth their glory : Heaven that was begun before in a mistery , then it is set open to them literally and personally . They perish not because they are taken away , there is the proof of it . A man that is removed only from an Inn , no man will say that he is lost . That that is transplanted from one soil to another , doth not perish . A grast or syens , though it be cut off , and it is to have a more noble plantation ; It is so far from perishing , that it is more perfect , it is stablished in its nature , it is set into a better . There are but one of these two interpretations of perishing , and neither of them can befal a godly merciful man. Either it is a passage from a beeing , to a not beeing : and so the Beasts when they die , perish , because their souls are mortal , as well as their bodies : it is no more a living creature , there is no more life it it , it resolveth to its first principles ; the soul it is nourshed as well as the body , there was a beeing before , but now there is a nullity of beeing , in respect of a living creature , there is nothing liveth . Here is a perishing from a beeing , to a not beeing . Again , perishing may be a passage from a beeing to a worse beeing : so an impenitent man when he dieth , he passeth from life to death ; yea , to an eternal death , to a worse beeing ; that is , a perishing , and a proper perishing , that is worse then to be lost . It is better to have no beeing , then to have either of these . But in neither of these senses the righteous man perisheth : he hath a beeing and a well-beeing after death . His soul hath a eral beeing with God in happiness , his body hath a beeing of hope , though it be in the grave ; Nay , it hath a real beeing of happiness , as it is a member of Christ , in regard of the mystical union . So in no sense he perisheth , he is but took away , he is but removed , it is but Exodus , but transitus : his death is not a going out of the Candle , it is but a translation , a removing of it to a better frame , it is set upon a more glorious table to shine more bright . The word is well expounded in Heb. 11. concerning Enoch : whereas in the fifth of Genesis , the Scripture saith , Enoch walked with God , and God took him ; in the Hebrews it is said , he was translated . In the one , he was took away , that is , in respect of the world ; In the other , he was translated ; that is , in respect of heaven . They are tock away ; that is , from the place of misery , the Dungeon , the prison , to a place of glory and happiness . They are took away from the house of clay , to the house Eternal , not made with hands , in the heavens : they are translated upward , that is meant in this . So that there are two observations in this . First , That Piety and Mercy excuseth not from death . Godliness it self freeth not a man from death . Death it is that end that is propounded to all men . The bodies of godly men are of the same mould and temper , of the same frame and constitution as other men , their flesh is as frail , their humours as cholerick , their spirit as sading , their breath as vanishing , they owe the same debt to nature , to sin , to God , to themselves and their own happiness . They are bound under the weight of the same Law , the statute law is ; It is appointed to all men to die once . It is well said , to die once , for the impenitent man dieth twice , he dieth here by the separation of his soul from his body , that is the first death ; and there is the second death that succeedeth that ; the death of the soul , by a separation of it from God , which is far worse . But righteous and merciful men die once ; the first death seizeth upon them : It is appointed to all : It is the end of all flesh ; In one place : It is the end of all the earth , in another place : It is the end of all living , the end of all men , even merciful and godly men are brought within the compass of this law of Nature , to yeeld up this debt and due . Righteousness excuses not , it frees not . It is a law that bindeth one as well as another . As Basil of Seuleucia observeth , though Adam was the first that finned , yet Abel was the first that died : Adam committed the transgrestion , the elder son was Cain , the second Abel , in the course of nature the eldest should have gone first , but Abel , righteous Abel , that was the moyty , the half of his comfort , and the greater half , though the younger : Adam sinneth first , and yet righteous Abel dieth first . He gives the reason to be this , because God would let us see in the Portal of death , the table of the Resurrection , he would shew us the linnaments of the Resurrection in the first man that dieth , that righteous Abel is took away , that we should be assured that he was but translated , there was hope of the Resurrection confirmed even in his death . But yet that is not all ; the reason ( I conceive ) that is more proper to this is : righteous Abal dieth first , to shew that even righteous and merciful men must not expect immunity from death , and from suffering tribulation in this world ; it is the condition that befalleth Abel the righteous , as well as Cain the Pharisee ; It belongeth to faithful Abraham , as well as to Apostatizing Gemas : to beloved Jacob , as well as to rejected Esau : to meek Moses , as well as to cursing Shemei : to Deborah the Prophetess , as well as to usurping Athaliah : to devout Josiah , as well as to impious Ahab : to tender-hearted David , as well as to churlish Nabal ; to the humble Publican , as well as to the vaunting Pharisee . It is the law and rule that is set to all , there is no exemption : righteousness , piety , and works of mercy , then do not exempt . Eor if they could exempt , how should piety have the reward ? when should godliness come to the full recompence ? It is death that makes way to the hope of reward . And if it be so , that righteousness excuseth not , then neither honour , nor strength , nor beauty , nor riches , can excuse in the world : for these are of far less prevalency with God then piety . So the Argument standeth strongly , If Job died that was a merciful man ; if Abel was taken away that was a righteous man , look to other conditions : then Casar , that is the Princes of the world shall be cut off , their state and pompe shall not keep them : then Cressus that is the rich men of the world , shall die , their purse and plenty , shall not excuse them : then Socrates , that is , the prudent and learned men of the world , their wisdom shall not prevent it : then Helena , that is , the Minnions of the world , the decking of their bodies , and their beauty , and painting shall be setched off , they will expose them to death , they shall not free them : then Sampson , that is , the strong men of the world , those that are healthy , of able parts , likely to out-live nature , their strength shall not excuse them : that no man should glory in any thing without , Neither the strong man in his strength , nor the wise man in his wisdom , or the rich man in his wealth , but if he glory in any thing , to glory in the Lord. Though we must not boast our selves of piety , yet as the A postle saith , yea have compelled me . If a man may boast of any thing , it is of piety , that is , rejoyce in this . If God have made a man a vessel of mercy , and an instrument of doing any good : but otherwise to boast of it , even that shall be the stain , and further disgrace of it : for righteousness it self excuses not from death ; all are subject to the same law , that is the first observation ; Mercifull men are taken away as well as others . Secondly , there is a difference in the manner , though they be subject to death , yet it is a subjection under another subjection : Death is made subject to them , they conquer Death . So both stand together , they die , and not die , because their death is but a translation , but a removing . There are two persons , two men in every penitent and godly man ; there is somewhat of a righteous man , and somewhat of a sinner ; somewhat of the flesh , and somewhat of the spirit : so according to these two , both laws are kept : the Law of commination , that is kept , thou shall die the death ; there is the reward of sin ; the law of promise , that is kept , thou shall live for ever ; there is the reward of righteousness . Mortality giveth the reward to sin , immortality to piety . Though they die , they are but taken away . The word implies these two things ; First , it implies that their death is but a temporary death . Taking away is not a final translation , it doth not implie a nullity . Death , though it cut the knot of nature , yet not grace . It is true , there is the sharp Axe of death , there is no knot so Gordian , but it will cut it a funder . It is a great knot that was first knit between the body and the soul , it cutteth that asunder . It is a sure knot , which is the Conjugal knot between man and wife , it cutteth that asunder . There is a natural bond and union between Parents and children , it cuts that asunder . There is a civil union between friend and friend , it cuts that knot asunder , it takes one friend from another . But there is the mystical union between the head and the members , between Christ and the Church , it cannot cut that knot asunder . But look as Christs body in the Grave , it was not deprived of the Hypostatical union , so likewise the body of a Saint , when it lies in the grave , in corruption , it is mellowing for immoratlity , and eternity : yea , then it enjoyeth the benefit of the mistical Union , there is somewhat of a member of Christ that lies in the grave : that dust that the body of a Saint is resolved into , it is holy Dust , because that mistical Union is not cut asunder ; Death cutteth not that knot . It perfecteth the misticall Union in respect of the soul , and it is but an interruption of the manifestation of the union in respect of the body , it is never severed . As the Husbandman hath some corne in his ground , and some in his Barn : the Corn in his ground is of no less value and account , then that in his house and Barn ; Nay , it is of more , for that that is in his Barn shall not multiply , so many bushels he putteth up , and so many he receiveth , but that which is in the ground multipiles , therefore it is in as great account . So it is with God. There are many bodies of the Saints walking on the earth ; and those that are laid in the grave , that are sowen ( as the Apostle faith ) for immortality . The bodies of the Saints in the grave , are of no lesse account with God , then those which walk up and down in the world , and glorisie him with works of piety : why ? the body is sown to immortality , there is still somewhat of Christ . That is the first thing it implies ; They are taken away , it argues , that their death is temporary . Secondly , it sheweth it is deliberate , that their death is not sudden . For there is a difference between these two , to be snatched away , and to be taken away . Impenitent men when they are taken away in Judgement , they are snatched away in displeasure . The godly man , God takes him away , removes him , it is as gentle a word as could be used , there cannot be a better word to express it in our translation , then for God to take him away . Job and Moses expressed it so , and so Isaiah here , to shew that Death is never sudden to the merciful and righheous man , Why ? because he is alwayes prepared . It may be sudden in respect of others , but not to himself . The stroke of Death may be the same to a righteous man , as to an impenitent man , they may both fall by the prevalency of the same disease , the same duration of sickness , the same warning given them , the same sympathy ; but there is a difference in regard of the suddenness . If it be a sudden stroke that overtakes an impenitent man , then it is two wayes sudden ; even a premeditated death is sudden to him , because he is not prepared : sudden death cometh not to a prepared man , because he looks for it : it may ( as I said ) be sudden to others , but it is not to himself , Why ? because he expects Death , he dieth dayly , he dieth in his thoughts , before he dies in act , he dies in meditation , before he dies in passion : I die daily , faith the Apostle , Death when it came to the Apostle , it found him dying , it could not come suddenly to him ; Death finds him setting open the doors : therefore though it seem sudden death , it cannot be sudden , because he is taken away : the stroke of Death may be sudden , but the issue of death is not sudden : the stroke may be sudden to his body , but not to his mind ; because he fitteth himself , still for it . There is the deliberation implied in the word , his death is not sudden , in that he is prepared : God awaketh his heart to make him look for it , therefore when Death comech though sooner or later , it doth but take him , it shatcheth him not away ; that is the meaning of the second . The third word is , the extent of this act , from the evil to come : that is a word that is not specified in the former part : it makes both this and that the more full ; it makes a greater demonstration of Gods goodness : he is not only merciful in taking away , but he takes away from that that is evil , he takes from a bad estate to a better . An evil that is present , that is simply so : an Evil for the time to come , God takes righteous and merciful men from both . That I may lay a sit path for my proceeding in it , Saint Aust in devideth the nature of Evil well to those two heads : there is the Evil of doing , and the evil of suffering , that is , the evil of sin , and of punishment . The first of these , the Evil of sin , is opposite ( faith Aquinas ) to the increated good . The second , the Evil of punishment , is opposite to the created good . God takes away merciful men from both these . First , from the Evil of suffering . Two wayes he is took from that . He is took away from the Evil of suffering , that he shall not see it , and that he shall not undergo it , and endure it . First , that he shall not see it , that he shall not be a sepectator : that is one part of taking away . For righteous and merciful men have tender affections , and yearning bowels , when they see Gods judgements extended over any place or person ; they sympathize with them , they weep with those that weep , and mourn with those that mourn . God takes them from this sorrow and mourning . It hath alwayes been accounted one part of the happiness of a godly man , to be taken from the Evil of the place he liveth in . God takes Josiah from the evil to come . Saint Jerom sheweth it well in Nepotian , he makes this as an Argument amongst others , that his departure was a comfort and happiness to him , because ( saith he ) Nepotian is happy that he sees not those Evils , and calamities , and miseries that are now come on the Church that we see . Nay , not only in the esteem of godly , and righteous , and Christian men , but in the esteem of the Heathens it was accounted a happiness to die before a man see the miseries on the place he wisheth well to . Virgil in the eleventh of his AEniads , bringeth in Vandall , making a lamentation over his son Pallas that was slain ; after many tears that were shed over him , and doleful words that were past : the Poet bringeth in his wife , and faith , it was her happiness to die before him , that she saw not this misery : the Poet accounted her happy that she died before , and saw not the misery that was brought on that place , and her husband . In his esteem then it is one point of happiness , to be taken away before that Evil come upon a place we wish well too . He expresseth himself in another place , in the first of his AEniads , They are happy that die before their Country , before they see the ruin of that . Therefore it must needs be a great happiness for a Christian to be taken away before misery come upon the Church . Here is one respect the Lord hath , he takes them away that they do not see the Evil he bringeth on a place . Secondly ; That they should not suffer it , that is a further degree and a greater . So we see that it is the happiness that is intailed on other servants of God ; Though it is not a course that God alwayes constantly keepeth : sometime he suffereth godly men to live , and to be swept away in common calamities , as the Plague , Famine , Sword , and the like , even righteous men perish in these times , that is the course that God sometimes takes . On the other side sometime he takes this course , that he will preserve them in the middest of danger , he will keep them alive : he sendeth calamities , and plagues , and yet he preserveth the righteous . So in the Revelation , he commandeth the Angel to seal his servants on the forehead , when he poureth his curses on the Earth : so in the ninth of Ezekiel he speaks to the man with a slaughter weapon , to mark those that mourned , to passe them by : So in Exod. 12. he commandeth the bloud to be sprinkled on the posts of the doors , that the Angel may passe by : So God when he seeth his mark , the bloud of the Covenant on the head of his servants , he passeth them by in common calamities : sometimes I say he takes that course . But he is not tyed to one course alwayes : sometimes , he takes away his servants from the Evil to come , he doth not suffer them to have the sorrow of seeing , or feeling of it . God when he intendeth to smite the Earth with plagues and curses , he will make this way for his course , he will remove the obstables , the Saints that are the impediments ; they hold Gods hands , they wrestle by prayer , they prevaile by humiliation , they cast down themselves , and stand in the gap : that he may unwind his hands of this burthen , of the prayers of his servants , he removeth them by death , he saith to them as he did to Moses , let me alone that I may destroy them . And then , as it is with the Husbandman , when the corn is gotten into his Barn , he burneth up the stuble : till the Wheat be gathered , the Tares are not turned up . God will not pour his plagues untill he have removed the impediments , those that are merciful men , when they are taken away , he poureth down his judgements . Therefore he takes them away , that they may not see it , nor suffer it , that is the second . Thirdly , he takes them from the Evil of sinning , that is a greater blessing , and in two senses from that . He takes them from it . that they shall not see sin , for that is a great Corrosive to a godly man. It was one point of Davids grievance , that he saw wicked men suffer ; I humbled my soul with fasting , and I behaved my self as one that mourned for his Mother . David humbled himself even for his enemies , when they were afflictied , that was one part of his sorrow . But the chief part of his sorrow was to see them commit sin , Mine eyes gush out with rivers of tears , because men keep not thy law ; That was a great affliction . Therefore that they may be eased of that evil , God takes away merciful men , that they shall not see sins committed ; they are offensive to chaste eyes . He takes them to heaven , that their ears may not be filled with hellish blasphemies , and damnable oathes that overburthen the ground , that ring their peals in every street , as a man passeth by : there is no hearing such things in heaven . That is one thing , he takes them away , that their eyes may not be glutted with beholding extortions , oppressions , murthers , contentions , revilings , and other sins in the world . It is a great ease to a godly man to be took out of evil times : when God leaveth him in times and places that are evil , he shines as a light : when God takes him away , he hath the reward of his sorrow : it cost him grief to see it , therefore to reward him , God takes him away , that he may not see sin committed . Fourthly , God takes them away , that they may mot sin themselves : for heaven is a place as of no sorrow , so of no sin : though we be unsatiable of sin now , then there is an end put to it . It pleaseth God so to deal , in his providence to order it , that sin brought in Death , and Death carrieth out sin : that as a skilful Chimmick distilleth an Antidote out of poyson , so doth God ; Death that was the reward of sin , God setcheth the translation out of it to eternal happiness : the Mother , sin , brought forth Death , and Death the daughter carrieth out sin . That is it that is the great comfort of a man in death : as now I shall cease suffering , so here is my comfort too , I shll cease sinning : though my purposes and endeavours be bent upon piety , yet I am overtaken ; I could not tread so strait , but I did often tread awry ; now there shall be a new plain path provided for my feet , there is no sin in heaven . That is a great point of wisdome , that God destroyeth sin with the body , and raiseth the body again without sin : if the body should live alwayes , how should sin end ? sin will not be rooted out , as long as we are in the body ; while we carry about us this vaile of flesh , we shall carry about us also another vaile of sin : therefore faith Epiphanius , God dealeth with us , as a skilful houshoulder with his house . Look as it is in building an old house , if there grow a Fig-tree , or Ivy out of the house , that it spred the root through the chincks and partitions of the wall , a man that cuts down the Fig-tree shall not profit , for it is so fast rooted in the wall , and in the chincks , that either he must pull down the wall , or else it will not die ; Therefore a wise man will pull down his house , and root out the Fig-tree and then set up stones , and there erect the house beautiful , and so both are preserved : he hath his end in both , both the house is rebuilt , and the Ivy consumed and rooted out . So it is in case of sin , there is the house we carry about us , the building , the temple of our body , the house is man himself , sin is the fig-tree , it is such a fig-tree as insinuateth it self between every chink , and partition in our nature ; there is somewhat corrupt in every faculty of the soul , and it sheweth the fruit in every part of the body , that is an instrument of sin : it hath so wound it self in , that the fig-tree cannot be destroyed , cannot be pulled out , except the house be dissolved , there must be a pulling down of the Temple : therefore God in wisdome , by Death he takes the Temple , the house in peeces , and then the fig-tree may be pulled out ; and then he erects the wall of that house more glorious then before it was thrown down , while the fig - tree was in it , while sin was in it : it is raised up without it ; that is that the Apostle faith , Corruption shall put on incorruption , and mortality shall put on immortality , the body that is sown a naturall body , it shall be raised a spiritual , it is sown in dishonour , it shall be raised in glory . God therefore takes them away from the evil of sin , he dissolved the body , that he may purifie it , and cloath it with immortality , that it may be a purer body , then when it was first presented in nature at the first Creation . We see hereby what those good things are that Death bringeth ; It bringeth immunity from the evil of suffering : God takes away merciful men , that they see not , that they suffer not . And it bringeth immunity from sin , that they do not see it , that they do not commit it . The use is a Pillar of considence , not to be afraid of Death : who would fear that which makes for his perfection , that is the means of his translation of happiness ? And in respect of others , not to mourn for them that are took away out of this world , as those that are without hope : they are not took away but translated : they are removed for their advantage , for the better . Elijah was removed from earth to heaven in a firie chariot , shall Elisha weep because he enjoyeth him not ? No he is took from earth to heaven ; Joseph was sold into AEgypt , but it was to be a Ruler , God intended that : it is the same reason , God translates us out of the world , to give us the end of our hope , even the salvation of our souls ; Shall we mourn as men without hope ? God takes them out of a valley of tears , shall we mourn unsatiably for those that are took out of the valley of tears ? Let us not bring their memory to the valley of tears , they are past it . God takes them from evil to good , to the best good , the good of immortaity , and eternity , the good of the enjoying of God , of that that eye hath not seen , nor ear hath heard . It is true , that when we see any impenitent man die , any man die in his sins , there is just cause of mourning . That was the course that David observed : he lost two sons , Absolom a wicked sonne , he mourned for him ; he lost the child that was begotten in adultery , for the life of which he prayed ; he mourned not for the childs departure : and Saint Ambrose giveth the reason well , he had a good hope and assurance that the child was translated to a better estate , he doubted of Absolom , he died in his sins , therefore he mourned for him , for his death , not for the childs . So when we see any die in his fins , there is cause then of tears , and of excessive tears : then David crieth , Absolom , oh my son , my son . But if there be good evidences of a Saint translated to glory , shall we mourn as men without hope ? As Saint Jerome speaks to Paula mourning for her daughter ; Art thou angry Paula , because I have made thy child mine ? ( He bringeth in God speaking thus ) dost thou envy me my own possession ? my own Creature ? It is true , for the state of an impenitent man , he hath his good things here , and his evill to come after , there is cause of mourning , for that he is translated from good to ill ; his heaven is in this world , his heaven is in his treasure , in his riches , in his chests , and upon his table ; and as he enjoyed a heaven here , so he must not look for it after , there is a place of another condition , his heaven is here , his hell after . But the penitent and contrite , his ill is here , and his good after , his hell is in this world in suffering , and in mortifying the flesh , in wrastling with sin , in incountring with tentations , here is his hell , and his torments , but after cometh his heaven , and his bliss , so he is translated from bad to good , he is took away from the evil to come . So here is the meaning of all . I have shewed first the meaning of the three phrases . The second thing I propound is this ; What the Prophet bemoaneth , and makes lamentation for , and these merciful men for if they be took away from evil present and evil to come , evil corporal and spiritual , sufferings extraordinary , plague and famine ; sufferings ordinary , sickness and tentation ●… if it be so that no sin shall fall upon them to destruction , no tentation fall on them to destroy them here , much less afterward ; if they be took from all these evils , how cometh the Prophet to make lamentation , that merciful men are taken away from the evil to come ? for he speaks it mourningly . It is one sufficient reason , he mourneth over them because others did not . But there are two reasons that are more special . There is the loss of the godly man for the present when he is taken away ; that is a thing to be lamented ; And the danger of the world in respect of the loss of a godly man. First , the loss of a godly man , that is a great punishment that God sendeth on a place , there is a great loss to those that survive . The loss of their example : they shine as lights , there is a Taper , a Candle taken away ; Ye rejoyced to walk in his light , faith Christ , to the Iewes , concerning John ; there was a light not only of Johns Doctrine , but of his example , whereby those that heard him walked . There is the light of grace set up in the life of the Saints of God : they are as a Taper to guide us in the paths of mercy and piety that they tread in . Job was set up a light of patience : Abraham of faith : Cornetius of Charity : and so every grace that the Saints are eminent in , they are set up as so many lights . When the light is gone , is there not a great loss to have a candle put out ? Though they enjoy their light , we lose it , the benefit of their example and society ; their advice and counsel . Oh the experience of the Saints , bring a great deal of good to their acquaintance : I am in this affliction , I remember that you were in the same case , how did you carry your self ? It is a great matter to build upon the experiences of the Saints of God. We lose many benefits by losing of a Saint . He is not only beneficial in his example , but in his prayers . He is one of the Advocates of the world , that pleads with God , that stands in the gap . Abraham was a strong Advocate for Sodome , and so was Moses for Israel , and so was Aaron , and so other Saints in their time . The Saints while they live in the world , there is a great deal of power in their prayers to with-hold judgements : and is there then no loss when they are taken away ? When a Saint is removed , a Pillar is removed , a Pillar of the house , and of the Earth , and must there not be danger when the Pillar is gone ? They are the Corner stones : when a corner stone falleth , there is a great deal of trash and rubbish falleth with it . There is a great deale of discomfort upon the fall of a Saint . When God removeth godly and merciful men , there is a loss every way : to the Church , to the State. The Church loseth a member , the State a Pillar ; godly men lose an example , wicked men lose an advocate , poor men lose a Patron , all men lose a comfort . That is the fitst thing the Prophet bemoaneth in the loss of righteous men . First it went to his heart that the world should be left empty of piety , and all those vertuous examples , that God should cut off those precious plants , those that are looking-glasses for us to see our selves in , and that pitch of perfection we should breath after , and aime at . That is the first thing . But that is not all : for their was impendant danger when they were gone . It is a prognosticating of some evil to befal a place , when God takes them away . If Noah enter into the Ark , the world may expect a deluge . If Lot be out of Sodome , let it look for a showr of fire and brimstone : God himself expresseth himself by the Angel that he could do nothing as long as Los was in Sodome ; he had a commission not to rain fire and brimstone while Lot was there , while Lots person and prayers were there : assoon as Lot was gone , there cometh a cloud of Judgment : and in that a showre . So the Saints when they are translated into the Ark ; when they are took from the earth as Noah was , ( Noah was to ascend from the earth to the Ark ) when Lot is gone to the City God provided for him , the City of refuge , then we may expect one Judgment or other , for they are means to hinder , and keep them from being poured out . That is the second thing in the loss of righteous men . They are took away for their good , but for our ill : we have lost the benefit of their example , the comfort of their society , and now we may fear that Judgments will come plentifully : for merciful men are taken away from the evill to come . So I have done with the first part of the Complaint . I will be very briefe in the second : that is , over the living , no man considereth it : this is truly to be bemoaned . There is a doudle extent , first of the Act , they consider not ; And then an extent of the person , no man considereth . This Act hath a great latitude . It is either an aggravation of the former : they lay it not to heart , nay , they do not take it into consideration : or else it is a rendring a reason of the former ; they lay it not to heart , because they bethink not themselves . Consideration is an act of the judicial part of the understanding , as incogitancy is a rocking of reason asleep , a shuting of the doore of reason . Neglect , that is a negligence of due care to be taken : on the other side , inconsideration or incogitancy , that is a neglect of the due course of reason , due pondering of a thing . A man is said not to consider , that scanneth not , that examineth not the cause , that laies not the effects and consequences together , that compareth not one thing with another . So that it is thus much now , they considered not ; that is , they pondered not in their hearts , they examined not according to the rule of reason ; they looked not to it what should be Gods meaning in taking away merciful men from the evil to come ; they looked not forward to the time to come , nor backward to the time past , they were altogether inconsiderate . It is a great sin , and a fruit of sin , and a cause of all sin . It is a sin in it selfe , for God hath given man Reason to use upon all occasions , to consider Gods works , and his own works , and those things that befal others and himself . The true improvement of Christianity is the exercise of consideration . That exciteth a man to repentance . David laies it as a ground , I considered my wayes , and turned my feet to thy testimonies . A man never repenteth that considereth not his wayes . The want of consideration keepeth a man freezing , and setling on the dregs of sin . It is a fruit of sin , of the first sin : incogitancy bringeth security , that rocks reason asleep ; then passion hath her scope , when reason governeth not . It is the trne punishment of the first sin , and the fruit of it , because reason is decaied in man by sin , reason was then unrectified , reason grew irrigular . Nay , it is the cause of all sin . We can resolve no particular sin to any other principle but this , that men consider not before they commit it . The reason why men go on in excess and riot , and continue in drunkenness , is nothing but this , they lay it not heart , they look not forward , what will be the issue and event , they consider not the account they are to make to God , they think not that God is providing a cup of deadly wine , and that all must appear before the Judgment seat of Christ . The reason why mens desires of the world , and of living here are so inlarged , it is the want of consideration of what is the heppiness of heaven , of the promises that God hath made . There is no sin but it is resolved into this case . So here it is , that the Prophet complaineth of the want of consideration , When merciful men were taken away , they consider it not ; to sympathize , to prepare themselves to what God would doe after he had removed these , that when he had removed the obstacles , that then he would pour his wrath upon them . Secondly , there is another extent of the Word ; that is , of the subject of the person . No man. It argueth the neglect to be general . A man would have thought , that upon the mention of the first word , Mercyful men are taken away : the mourners should go about in the streets ; the poor Orphans should weep , because they have lost a Patron : No such matter , no consideration on no hand ; that is a wonder : had the merciful man no wife ? no children ? no freind to mourn after him , when he was buried in the earth ? was there no well-willers to him , that had benefit by his piety to mourn for the righteous man ? was there none like to himself ? one righteous man will mourn for another . What is this then , No man ? If they would not regard the piety of the godly man or merciful , when he lived , me thinks when he died there should be some consideration . A Mountain as long as it standeth , men take no great notice of it ●…but if it fall , all eyes look upon it . The Sun when he is in his strength , there are few eyes that look on it ; but if it come to an ecclipse , every man gettteh into his Turret . Generally men delight to look upon those Stars , that in their opinion they think are fallen . All these the godly man is . He shineth as a star here , as the Sun in his strength after , he is as a Mountain , as a Beacon upon a Mountain , more glorious . The Mountain , and the star falleth , the Sun is in the Ecclipse , Merciful men are taken away , and no man considereth it . I will not say it is to be taken in the full extent , it implieth not a nullity , but a paucity . As in that place in the Psalme ; there is none that doth good , no not one . The Prophet doth not imply , that there was not one godly man at all , but so few that they could hardly be numbred ; a great paucity . So here , No man considereth ; that is those that considered , were so very few , that there was hardly notice taken of them , they were hardly in the compass of a Number . Nay , it is twice noted , No man , no man , to shew it it was almost a nullity ; there is not any , not any ; that is , they were exceeding few . What is the reason ? Because they were not acquainted with the rule , and way of piety , therefore they mourned not . If piety were within , it would simpathize without , as there is like rejoycing , so they would sorrow together . We are not to think , but they had natural affection , though it were almost cut off : It is likely if any of their kin were took away , they would mourne : If a Pather or Mother were taken away , the most impenitent man would have tears ; though not for sin , yet for losses and crosses : then there are those that would crie with Elisha , My father my father , the Chariots of Israel , &c. If a brother or a sister were taken away , I doubt not but there are those that would follow with the voyce of lamentation , Alas my brother , alas my sister , wo is me for my brother Jonathan . We have tears for brethren . Further , if it were but a child that were lost , a man would be sure to find tears for him , and sigh along time after , and would say with David ; Oh Absalom , my son , my son , would God I had died for thee my son . All conditions that live find tears in mens eyes , and consideration of their departure , only the godly and the righteous man findeth none . Here is their stupidity . Can there be a greater stupidity , then to make a man die twice ? as they die the death of their bodies , so to make them suffer a death in our memories ? as they perish to the world , so to perish also in our thoughts and meditations . We owe God so much , we owe piety so much , we owe the memorial of many so much , we owe our selves so much , as to take it into consideration . And yet no man considereth . This is the fault which we may examine our selves of . For if we now make reflection of all this upon our selves , we must find a conformity with our times . There is never a word of this Scripture , but it is true now . I will now take the parts in order . First , we cannot deny that evil is to come upon this place . Nay , it were well if it were to come : it is come already : it hath overtaken us . If we load , the earth with the evil of sin , it is impossible that God should forbear long . The evil of sin that surchargeth the earth must be unloaden again , by this burthen , by the burthen of punishment : one burthen must justle out another . Evils there have been impendant , that we have seen . Evils there are now present that we begin to groane under : and no man can tell where that evil will stay . There is evil present , and evils to come , because our evils are still multiplying : the beginnings of sorrows , and sufferings , and fears ; God grant it may stay . But our state and condition is like them in this , that they are yet impendant . We see the heavens grown black , judgments are a ripening . When ye see the sky red , when ye see the skie black , judgment is beginning , not only beginning to bud , but it beginneth to spread and inlarge it selfe . Thus farr there is a correspondency . There is evil that we have cause to fear and suspect , yet further to come on this place . Secondly , there is a conformity with the other too , in our negligence . The world sendeth forth men now void of natural affection . It was never so before . For if before they neglected others , yet they were careful of themselves . But men now desperately neglect their own salvations . There is no respect to God , no pitty of others , no not of themselves . I do not wonder that men heretofore considered not , when they loved their lives better then their sins , because they had some sensible taste of that that was temporal , when they loved their lives better then heaven , But now men love not their lives best , but their sins better : for though their lives be in danger , yet their sins are kept . It is an admirable thing to consider , how every way we are given to plenty , to ryot , to security , notwithstanding God cometh neer , and bringeth his judgment even to the door , and makes it swell . He forbeareth a long time , to trie us with mercies , and then he takes a severe course . Where shall men see the face of an alteration ? our lives are the same , our delights the same , our vanities and follies the same ; we keep the same sins still , as if we were bent to provoke God further , to see what he will do . That is an evident sign we consider not for what purpose God sendeth his plagues , we consider not what he doth , when he takes away others for our example ; none lay it to heart , and take it into consideration , it swimmeth not in his brain . We begin to tremble , and we think our selves well , if we provide a countrey house : but God hath beset us in the Countrey , and in the City . There will be no flight but to repentance , there is the City of refuge : and there is no way to repent but by consideration : these must be took to heart before there can be amendment , and till there be amendment , there will he no removing of judgment . It is plain then that we are conform able in that part of the Text. And in the first too . That merciful men are taken away , experience sheweth it daily : they are taken so frequently , that there is hardly any left : they are not only taken away , but swept away . And if there were no other proof , this representation , this sad spectacle before our eyes , that is an argument to make the proof of the conformity of the first part of the text with us . In the text there is mention made of a righteous man , of a merciful man. The Spirit of God bringeth in all the parts by pairs . It is fulfiled in the solemnity , and occasion of this day : by pairs God calleth us to piety , by pairs he giveth us spectacles of mortality . I thought I had come to do the duty for one , to performe the solemnity of one Funeral : but after , I perceived I was called to do the office for two . It was not so from the beginning , it falleth not out so every day . Here is the true proof that these are the times of mortality : set the pairs any way , and we shall see that there is one free , none can secure himself from the stroke of death . One , a vertuous ancient Gentlewoman : the other a grave learned minister , but of younger condition : here are both ages took away , and both presented : not only so , but here are both conditions of life , and both presented together ; and here are both sexes , and both presented together , to teach us , that no sex , no condition , no age can secure themselves . I will smite the Shepheard ( saith Christ , foretelling the Disciples what should befal them . ) Here is the smiting of the Shepheard , and the sheep too : But both together , and I beleeve this place cannot send such another pair . For the one , He was the most eminent for his place ; For the other she was the most eminent for her piety . I was not acquainted with the conversation of either , and therefore I shall not speak much : and the information I had , it was not much , for it was needless : I may save a labour for both : for if I speak any thing false , ye are able to refute me ; if I speak any thing true ( as all must be true that is spoken here ) yet ye are able to prevent me , and I can say nothing that ye know not . For the one ; I here that he had the report of a man that was conscionable in the discharge of his place . And all that I shall say of him shall be only this ; there is cause that ye should take to heart his death . For what is the reason that in this little Parish that is as healthful as another . ( But God is wounderful in his wayes , and we must not search into the judgments of God ) that it is not full eight years , but there have three succeeded , that have been commended to this place , and have died one after another ? Is it so that ye kill them with unkindness ? the world saith so I tell ye . I know not , but this I am sure of , that there have been too many unkind passages : where the fault is , your selves know . But this is to be taken into consideration , that God removeth them from ye , as if ye were worthy of none . If God send us these helps and Lampes that waste themselves to shine to us , and to break and dispence to us the bread of life , shall we not give them incouragement in their studies , that they may go on quietly and peaceably ? A word is enough for that . Howsoever some of ye would not suffer him to rest , God hath taken him to his rest . There is more might be said , but I will not say too much . For the other , since I came from my house , I had information at my first footing in the Parish , they said she was as good a woman as lived . At my first footing in the house , they said she was a very good woman . Those that have lived in the Parish , they testifie , that she was a woman most eminent for her piety and vertue . Shall she want a memorial ? I asked of those that have known her of old , they say , she was a righteous woman , for the righteousness of piety , and a merciful woman for the righteonsness of mercy . She had respect to both tables , to her duty to God , to her Neighbour . For the mercy of charity , she was good to the poor : she was a lender to those that were in necessity , and a giver too . For the mercy of piety she was very compassionate to those that were in afflictions , she sympathized with them , visited them and comforted them . For the mercy of peace , in time of contention , she laboured to set all strait , she had a soft answer co pacifie wrath . She was a merciful woman , and God hath given her the reward , hath took her to his rest . She was a lover of peace , he hath taken her to the place of peace . She was one hat studied happiness , and he hath taken her to a place of happiness . He hath took her from these evils that we are reserved to , and that we may fear . That is the difference between a godly and an impenitent man. Impenitent men , if they be took away , they are taken to further evill , if they be left alive , they are left to further evil . Merciful men , if they be took away , they are taken away for the eschewing of evil : and if they be left on the earth , it is for the diverting of evil . They divert them while they live , and shun them when they die . As they labour to honour God in their lives , so God gratifieth them in their death , he takes them to himself . This consideration , and occasion , is a proof of the Text. As it is proved in all the Text , let us disprove it in our selves , that this word may never go in the course it lieth here , but in a contrary course . That righteous men perish , and men do lay it to heart , ( let it be said so ) and merciful men , though they be took away , yet there are those that take it into consideration . I have done with the last part , and with the occasion . THE GOOD MANS EPITAPH : OR , THE HAPPINESSE OF Those that Die VVell . SERMON IX . REVBLAT . 14.13 . I heard a voice from heaven , saying unto me , write , Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord , from hence forth , yea , saith the Spirit , that they may rest from their labours , and their works do follow them . THE Scripture will afford us many Texts for Funerals . Me thinks there is none more fit , nor more ordinarily preached on than two ; and they are both of them voices from heaven . One was to Isaiah the Prophet . He was commanded to crie . The voyce said , Cry. And be said , What shall I cry ? All flesh is grasse , and all the goodness thereof , is as the flower of the field . You will say : That is a fit Text indeed : So is this here , A voyce from heaven too . But Saint John is not commanded to cry it , as Isaiah was : he is commanded to write it . That that is written is for the more assurance . It seemeth good to me ( faith Saint Luke in his preface to his Gospel ) Most excellent Theophilus , to write to thee of these things in order , that thou mightest know the certainty , &c. It did not please God for many generatious to teach his Church by writing . The Fathers before the flood he did not teach by writing . They lived long : their memory served them instead of books : and they had now and then some Divine revelations . They needed no writing . But after that the dayes of man grew short ( as they did in the time of Moses the man of God : the dayes of our years are threescore years and ten : then ( I say ) when the dayes of man came thus to be shortned , it pleased God to teach his Church by writing . And although , the whole will of God , all things necessary to solvation be written , yet God did appoint some special things above all others to be written , some passages of divide truths . As that same history of the foil of Amalek in the wilderness , Scribehoc ad monumentum , saith God to Moses ; write this for a memorial in a book . So God commandeth Isaiah , to take to himself a great roul , and to write in it with a mans pen. So to Exekiel : Son of man , write thee the name of the day , even of this same day , the king of Babylon set himself against Jerusalem this same day . And Saint John ( to go no further ) though he was commanded to write this whole Epistle , and all the Visions he saw , yet there is some special thing , that God in a more special manner would have him to write . And here is one ; Write this same voyce : this 〈◊〉 that came down from heaven , write it . Though that writing addeth nothing to the Authority of the Word . For the word of God is the same Word , and is as well to be obeyed , and as well to be beleeved , when it is delivered by tradition , as when it is by writing : yet notwithstanding we are to blesse God that we have it written . How many Divine truths have been turned into lies ? And how many divine Histories have been turned into fables , when things have been delivered by tradition from hand to hand , and from man to man ? Tradition was never so safe a preserver of Divine truths . We are to thank God ( I say ) for the whole Scripture , for every part of it : for whatsoever is written , is written for our learning that we through patience , and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope . But what comfortable thing is this , that here Saint John is commanded to write ? Write , what ? Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord , so saith the spirit , they rest from their labours , and their works follow them . In the which you have five things ; First , you have a Proposition . Dead men are blessed , Blessed are the dead . Now , because this is not generally true , therefore . Secondly , you have a Restriction : all Dead men are not blessed . But who are blessed then ? they that die in the Lord. There is the Restriction . Thirdly , you have the Time from whence this blessedness beginneeh . From henceforth , blessed are the dead that die in the Lord. Fourthly , you have the Particulars wherein this blessedness consists . It is in a Relaxation of their labours ; and a Retribution of their works , they rest from their labours , and their works follow them . Lastly , you have a Confirmation of all this . It is confirmed first , by a voyce from heaven ; A voyce from heaven said write . And then it is confirmed by te Spirit of God ; Even so saith the spirit , they rest from their labours . You must not look that in this shortness of time , I should go through all these . And I do not intend it . It may be only the first and second . I pray let me take some time to speak of the occasion of our meeting . I would do all within the hour . I begin with the first . Dead men are blessed . Blessed are the dead . Blessedness , is a thing that every man desireth . He is no man , but a monster , that would live wretchedly . Every man desireth to be blessed . But that thing which we all desire in common , when it cometh to be determined , most men mistake it . Some place blessedness in riches . And some place it in honours . Some place it in pleasures . And some place it in health of body . And some place it in civil vertues . What need I tell you more ? S. Austin in his 19. book DeCivitate Dei , telleth us of no fewer then two hundred fourscore and eight several places of blessedness . All determined in this life . To let them passe . Blessedness consisteth in the enjoying of the soveraign good . That same soveraign good is God. We enjoy God both in this life , and in the life to come . From hence there is a double Blessedness . Distinguish them as you will ; Whether you call one Beatudo vioe , the other Beatudo patrioe , as some do . The Blessedness of the way , and the Blessedness of the Country . Or whether you call one Beatudo spei ; the other Beatudo rei . The Blessedness of expectation , or the blessedness of fruition . Or whether you call them ( as usually you do , ) The Blessedness of Grace here , and the Blessedness of Glory hereer ; It mattereth not in what terms yon distinguish them , but so we know this , have one , and you are sure of both . There is none have the Blessedness of Glory , but such as were first Blessed in the state of Grace . And there is none Blessed in a state of Grace , but shall be Blessed in the state of Glory . There is a threefold condition of a Blessed soul . It is here in the body , ( as long as God pleaseth ) But then it is from the Lord. It is with the Lord , but then it is from the Body . There is a third Condition , when it shall be in the body again , and with the Lord for ever . Then is the full consumation of blisse , when this same body of ours shall be raised up , and made like the glorious body of Jesus Christ . But our Blessedness in this life , though we have here a comfortable fellowship with God , yet , because that it is not per speciem , it is not by sight , it is but by faith , we walk by faith and not by sight . Because while we are here ( though we do see the face of God in the Mirrour or glass of the Gospel , yet because ) we are absent from him , as he is objectum Beatificans . Because here the tears are not all wiped from our eyes , and we have not yet a full rest from our labours , nor a full reward for our services . Therefore our Blessedness here it is nothing ( to speak of ) in comparison of that Blessedness which we shall have hereafter , when the soul is separated from the body , and is with the Lord. Therefore ( saith the Apostle ) I desire to be dissolved , and to be with Christ , and this ( quoth he ) it is melius , it is better : Better ? Yea , it is multo melius , it is much better : Yea , it is multo mag is melius ( you must bear with Saint Pauls incongruity of speech ) it is much more better to be with him . If our hope were only in this life , of all men , beleevers , the children of God , were most miserable . But the hope of our immortal life , is the life of this mortal . There was some little glimpse of this light , even amongst the Gentiles , ( such as did beleeve the immortality of the soul . ) One of the heathen Poets could say , No man is blessed till death . Cressus the Lybian ( a man happy in his great achievements ) asked Solon ; Pray ( quoth he ) tell me , what man dost thou think happy ? He named one to him , ( Tellus ) a man that was dead . But ( quoth he ) whom else dost thou think haypy ? He named two btethren more , that did a worke of piety to their Mother ( it were too long to tell you the particular story ) and they were dead , I think them happy , quoth he . Cressus began to be angry , that he himself should not be thought a happy man. Am not I happy ? Oh ( quoth he ) I take thee for a great King , but I accont thee not happy before death . Cressus grew to misery , and then he cried out , Oh Solon , Solon , &c. Here we have a word , a voyce from heaven : and the Word confirmed by the Spirit : and we have testimonies of Scripture : and we have some little glimpse of this light from the Gentiles : yet notwithstanding , flesh and bloud will not be perswaded of this , that dead men should be happy , that there is a happinesse in death . There are many things they have against it . First , say they , Death is an enemy . It is very true , Death is is an enemy , the Apostle calleth it so . The last enemy that shall be destroyed is Death . And , say they , it is a terrible enemy . It is very true , and of all terrible things the most terrible : yea , and nature abhorreth it exceedingly . See it in any creature that liveth : Mark if every creature would not use leggs , wings , hoofs , horns , tusks , beaks , or whatsoever thing it is wherewith God and nature hath armed it , to preserve life . Solomon saith it ( but he saith it in the person of a carnal man , as he doth many things by Metaphors in his book of Ecclesiastes . ) That a living dogg , is better then a dead lyon . Sathan is a lyar , and the father of lies , but yet notwithstanding that word of his was a truth , Skin for skin ; yea , all that a man hath will he give for his life . Vita dum super est , benè est , said Moecenas , when he lay grievously sick of the Gout , So long as life remains , it is well enough . You have one man that liveth in extream poverty , eateth no bread , but the bread of affliction . yet he would live . You have another man that carrieth about him a diseased body , the arrows of God sticking fast in him , and the venome of them drinking up his spirits , by some sickness ; yet he would live . You have another man , that hath a rotten name that stinks while he liveth , yet he would live still . Yea , and not only wicked men , do make many base shifts to live ( they have their portion in this life ; no wonder therefore they do it ) but even Gods best children , that look for a better life then this , when this ended , are not willing to part with this life if they could keep it : Do you not remember how David pleaded for life ; Oh let me live , that I may praise thy Name : oh spare me a little before I go hence , and be no more ? Hezekiah turneth his face to the wall and wept , oh shall the grave give thanks unto thee ? or shall the dead celebrate thy praise ? No , Vivens , vivens , it is the living , it is the living that must praise thee , as I do this day . I know indeed that sometime you shall find some of Gods children , wishing for death , Job , My soul hath chosen strangling , and death , rather then my self . Lord I pray thee ( saith Moses ) kill me out of hand , and let me not see my wretchedness . Elijah , when he fled from Jezable for his life , Lord ( quoth he ) take away my life , for I am not better then my fathers . He was not willing that Jezable should take away his life , but he would have God to take it away . You know Jonah his pettish mood that he was in , when he would needs think to know what was better for him , then God himself doth ; Lord , take I beseech thee , my life from mee ; for it is better for me to dic , then to live . These men of God , they were sons of men , they had their passions as other men have ; and passion was never good judge between life and death . I know again , that there is question made by Job ; Wherefore is light given to a man that is in misery , and life to the bitter in soul ? Such a man I confess , that hath bitterness of soul , he may happily seek for death , as for treasures , and be glad when he hath found the grave . But let God be but pleased a little to allay that bitterness , let him but lay up that bitter pill in sugar a little , and then he will like life well enough . Why do we all this while go from my Text ? Surely there be so many voyces upon earth against it , that if there were not a voyce from heaven to say , Blessed are the dead , that die in the Lord , we should scarce beleeve it . But then if the dead be blessed , why do we not die , that we may be blessed ? There is such a like Question of Scipio in that same book of Tullies ; Somnium Scipionis . Scipio asked his Father , when his father had told him of those glories that the soul enjoyed in immortality : Why ( saith he ) do I tarry thus long upon the earth ? why do not I hasten to die ? The schollers of Eugesius , when they heard their Master dispute of the immortality of the soul , went and laid violent hands upon themselves , that they might go to that immortality . And so Cato Uticensis after he read Platoes books of the Immortality of the Soul ; made away himself . Many such examples there have been . And I find often-times in your bills many that have laid violent hands upon themselves , some that cut their own throats , and some that hang themselves . I pray give me leave a little to speak upon this . Saint Austin tells me of five causes , for which persons do usually lay violent hands upon themselves . The first is this . Some do it to avoid some shame , or some dishonour , or misery , or beggery , that shall befall them . Thus did Achitophel , when he saw that his counsell was defeated , he went home and hanged himself : Thus have many done to avoid shame and dishonour . Alas poor wretches ; While they seek to escape temporal punishment , they run into eternal , like our fishes in the proverb , out of the frying-pan into the fire : into hell fire , where the worm dieth not , and where the fire never goeth out . Secondly , some have done it to avoid the terrors of a guilty conscience . Thus Judas , troubled in conscience , after he had betrayed Christ , he went and hung himself . Poor wretch ; He had more need he had lived , that he might have healed that sin of his by repentance . This is not a way to expiate thy sin , this is a way to increase it . Judas when he killed himself , he killed as wicked a man as was upon the earth , and yet he shall answer to God , aswell for that nocent bloud of his own that he spilt , as he shall for the innocent bloud of the Son of God that he betrayed . Thirdly , we find some that have done this to avoid some villany that they feared should be offered them . As for example . Pelagia a noble Lady , that we read of in Ecclesiastcall stories , when she was followed by some barbarous souldiers that would have abused her , she speaking nothing but , never a villain of them all shall touch me ; threw her self over a bridge , and drowned her self . Some of the Fathers do little lesse then commend her for this . Saint Augustine condemnes her , so should I. For , why should she that had done no hurt , do hurt to her self ? why should she to escape the hands of the Nocent , lay violent hands upon her self that was innocent ? Our chastity of body is not lost , when the chastity of our mind remaineth inviolated . Fourthly ; Some have done this to purchase to themselves a name of valour . Rasis in the book of the Machabees did thus . And if there were no other thing in the world to shew that book to be Apochriphal Scripture , this is enough , in that the Author of that book commendeth Rasis for it . It is not valour for to flie a danger : it is valour to bear it . If any example can be alledged to this purpose , that of Sampsons may . But Saint Austin he answereth . The Spirit of God secretly commandeth him to do it . And we may verily beleeve it : for if the Spirit of God had not commanded it , yea , and assisted him in it too , he had never done that he did , in pulling down the house upon himself and the Philistims . Lastly , some have done it , or they might have done it , because Blessed are the dead . Some will die , that they may be blessed . Poor wretches ; They that diprive themselves of this life , may not look for a better when this is ended . I will not judge particulars , I leave them unto God. But in the general , Considering that life is Gods blessing : it is he that giveth it , and it is he that must take it away . Considering that man is not lord of his own spirit . Considering that God hath set us here in our stations , and we may not move out without leave from our General . Considering that we are set here to serve God , and we must serve him as long as he will , and not as long as we will. Or specially considering that God hath forbidden us to kill others , therefore forbidden us much more to kill our selves : therefore surely ( except Gods mercy be greater then I can give warrant for ) they that die thus , die eternally . And we had need beseech God with all earnestness of spirit , to keep us from such a fearful temptation as this : for they that die thus , die not in the Lord , and therefore cannot be blessed : for my Text saith it of no other , but of those , Blessed are the dead , that die in the Lord. This is the first point . I come to the Restriction . Die in the Lord. It may be construed two wayes , the preposition is Ambiguous : for the preposition many times in Scripture signifies In Domino , or propter Dominum . As Rom. 16.1 . I commend unto you Phebe our sister , that you would receive her , in Domino , in the Lord ; that is for the Lords sake , as becometh Saints . And in the twelfth verse of the same Chapter , Salute the beloved Persis which laboured much in the Lord ; that is , laboured much in Gods cause , for the Lord. So again , Say to Archippus , look to the ministery that thou hast received , In Domino ; that is , for the Lord , for the Lords service , for his work . I might give you many more instances . There is one place most pregnant , Eph. 4.1 . I Paul a prisoner , in Domino ; so saith the vulgar Latine , and so is the Greek interpretation , In the Lord. What meaneth Saint Paul ? A prisoner in the Lord , what is that ? A prisoner for the Lord , a prisoner for the Lords cause . And thus you may take the word here in the Text — Blessed are they that die , in Domino ; that is , such as die in causa Domini : and thus Judicious Beza , ( to whose judgment I attribute much in translations ) he readeth it so , Blessed are the dead , qui moriuutur causa Domini : and then in his Annotations , propter Dominum . And if you take it thus , then the Martyrs only are blessed . That Martyrs are blessed , the Church of God is so far from making a question , that they set it down as a Rule . Injuriam facit Martyri qui orat pro Martyre ; A man doth wrong to a Martyr , that prayes for a Martyr , their blessedness is so sure : for , He that loseth his life for my sake , and the Gospels , shall find it , saith Christ . If he loseth a temporal life , he shall find an eternal . If he lose a life accompanied with sorrow , he shall find another life that is with joy , such joy as cannot be conceived , such joy as shall never be ended . Precious in the eyes of the Lord is the death of his Saints . There are two things ( saith S. Bernard ) that makes the death of a Saint precious ; the one is a good life before ; the other is a good cause for which he dieth . A good life will make it a precious death : but a good cause will make it a more precious death . But that is the most pretious death , that hath both a good life before it , and a good cause coming next . The Matyrs are blessed , but they must be such Martyrs as suffer for the Lord , be sure of that , or else they are not blessed . There be some that would be accounted Martyrs ( a great company of such we have had of late ) that have died for broaching of reason , and some for sowing of sedition ; some for absolving subjects from the oath of Alleageance , some for attempting to blow up Parliament houses . Such as these are not Martyrs . It is not the punishment , it is the cause that makes the Martyr . Our blessed Lord himselfe , that never did evil , was crucified between two evil-doers ; there was an equal punishment , there was not an equal cause . It must be the cause that we must look to , if we look to be blessed . But I cantot stand upon that . Here is the first interpretation : To die in the Lord , is for the Lord. But there is a second , and that is more large , die in the Lord , that is , die in the faith of the Lord. Salute Andronicus , and Junius my fellow prisoners , which were in the Lord before me , Saith S. Paul ; that is , that were Beleevers , that were in the faith before me . And ( to let pass many other places ) if there be no resurrection of the dead ( saith the Apostle ) then we that are asleep in Christ , &c. If we beleeve that Jesus died , then those that sleep in Jesus shall he bring with him , &c. and Again , He shall descend from heaven with a shout , and they that are dead in Christ shall rise first . Now what is it to die in Christ in a large sense ? I will tell you . He that would die in Christ , first he must die in obedience . There are many works of obedience , that we are to doe . Our last and greatest act of obedience , is to resign up this same spirit of ours willingly , chearfully into the hands of God that gave it . If we have not attained to that strength , that some have done ; that is , to live patiently , and die willingly , yet we should labour to attain to thus much strength to live willingly , and to die patiently ; So as Christ may be magnified in my body ( saith the Apostle ) I pass not , it makes no matter , let it either be by life , or by death . When we have done the work that God hath set us to do , we must be gone : and thus must every one say with himself ; Lord if I have done all the work thou hast appointed me to do , call me away at thy pleasure . Here is the first . In obedience . Secondly . Die in repentance . I remember what Possidonius said of Saint Augustine , a little before his death , that it was necessary that men when they died , they should not go out of the world , absque digna & competenti resipiscentiâ , without a fit competent repentance . He himselfe did so , for he caused the penitential Plalmes to be written , and they were before him , as he lay upon his bed , and he was continually reading those penitential Psalmes , and meditating upon them with many tears : he died even in the very act of contrition . I do love to see a man chearful upon his death-bed : but I do more love to see a man penitent . There is a day indeed , when God will wipe away all tears from our eyes ; When that cometh , then he will wipe away these tears of repentance too , these tears of godly sorrow : But the Lord grant he may find me with tears in mine eyes . Thirdly ; Die in faith . Indeed if ever Faith had a work to doe , it bath then a work to do , when all other comforts in the world fail us , and freinds go from us ; then faith , to lay hold on the promises ; I know that my Redeemer liveth , and that I shall rise again at the last day , and be covered with my skin , and shall see God with these same eyes . Thus faith . And then fourthly . Die with Invocation , calling upon the name of God. Thus have all the Saints of God done , continually commending of their souls to God in prayers . Saint Paul would have us commend our souls to God in well-doing . And it is a necesary thing every morning we rise , and every night we go to bed , but especially when we see some harbingers of death sent unto us , then to have nothing to do , but with our blessed Lord ; Father , into thy hands I commend my spirit . And with Saint Steven , Lord Jesus receive my spirit . And next to this , let me put in also , Mercy , Charity : Die forgiving one another . Thus our Lord taught us to do , when he cried out , Father forgive them for they know not what they do . And Saint Steven taught us to do so too ; Lord lay not this sin to their charge . And then lastly , ( for I cannot stand upon these things ) there must be a death in Peace . Peace with God : Peace with our own consciences , and Peace with all the world . And now the man that dieth thus ; dieth with willingness : dieth in repentance , dieth in faith , dieth with invocation , dieth in charity , dieth in peace , this man dieth in the Lord , and such a one is blessed . They that would thus die in him , must live in him . A man cannot be said to die in London that never lived in London . A man cannot be said to die in the Lord , that never lived in the Lord. If thou dost not live in obedience , in faith , in repentence , in invocation , in charity , in peace , thou canst not die in these . A man must first live the life of the righteous , before he can die the death of the righteous . And then again , if a man would die thus , He must be well acquainted with death : grow familiar with him by meditation . Many things more I might have said to this purpose , but I am loath to transgress the hour . I have done with that . Give me only leave now to speak in a few words unto the present occasion . You have brought here ( beloved ) the body of your well-beloved neighbour , Mistris S.H. late the Wife of your late reverent Pastour , Doctor , R.H. to be laid up together with her Husband , in hope of a blessed and glorious resurrection . It is long since that I did in this Place perform this service at the buriall of his former Wife , a woman of whom I may not speak , for though I hold my peace , the very stone here in the wall will say enough of her : and you that know her , cannot but assure the truth of it . I am intreated to perform now , the like duty to the second Wise . And I was easily intreated to do it : for that name of brother and sister , that was usually between us for many years continued , may very well challenge of me , any duty I am able to perform . I am straitned in time , and I cannot speak what I would : and I do perceive already by this that I have spoken , that if I should speak much more , my passion would not give me leave . Let me tell you one thing amongst many others , it is a thing extraordinary , and it is for imitation . The Vertuous woman in the last of the Proverbs , is commended for many things ; Amongst others this is one , She doth her husband good , and not evil , all the dayes of her life . And mark it I pray you : It is not all the dayes of his life , and yet peradventure some woman might be thought a good woman , that doth that , but she may perhaps outlive her Husband . A vertuoks woman will do him good , and not evil all the dayes of her life : And for this amongst many other things , I do commend this vertuous Gentlewoman . I may almost say with the words there in the end of that Chapter ; Many daughters have done excollently , but thou surmountest them all . So I may say , many women peradventure have done excellently in this kind ; but I do not know of any one that ever hath done the like to her Husband . I pray you hear it . Her Husband had a brother that lived in Portugal , at the time of his death , who was there married , he had there three children at least , two sons and a daughter . This vertuous good Woman would give her self no rest , till she had these children out of Portugal : she got the two sons hither . And what was her care ? ( here is another exceslency of hers ) her chief care was for their souls . What did she ? or rather what did she not to win those children from Popery ( in which they have been brought up ) and to bring them to the true service of God ? She obtained it , she got it . When she had done that , won them to our religion , she had not done all : one of these had a desire to exercise some Merchandise by Sea. She furnished him to the Sea , she furnshed him with money for his adventures . The other she bound Apprentise here in the City to an honest trade : and she hath given them a liberall childes portion , I may say so . A childs portion , that they may thank God ( and I hope they will have the grace to do it ) that they had , I do not say such a Aunt in law , but such a Mother . Here was not all . She sent for the Mother too ; she was but sister-in-law to her Husband : she sent for the mother , she sent for the Daughter : they were here . She clothed them ; she fed them some moneths : and if she could have won them to our religion , she would have maintained the Mother while she had lived : she would have brought up the Daughter , as her own child : But that could not be done , it was a work beyond her strength . You see here a vertuous Woman , that did good to her Husband , not all the dayes of his life , but all the dayes of her life : To the very last day of her life , she never did cease to do good to her Husband in his kindred : and I think I may say , that she was more careful of his kindred , then of her own . But this is not all . This kindness you will say was shewed to her Husbands kindred . Hear a little more therefore . She knew that there were many Ministers that had a great charge of children , and peradventure would be very glad to have some of their children taken off of their hands . She hath given to the putting out of five Ministers children , to bind them Apprentices , fifty pounds . She knew that there were some poor persons of the Palatinate here , which stood in necessity ; She hath given to the reliese of them , twenty pounds . She knew that there were many poor souls , that lay in Turkish slavery . She hath given for the redeeming of them , twenty pounds . Nay , yet more ; She considered , that her Husband was sometime a poor scholler in the University of Cambridge . And she considered too , that , there are many Ministers Widowes that lived well , while their husband lived , that are fain to crave reliefe ( the greater is the shame of some men ) when they are dead . She hath therefore given five hundred pounds to purchase lands , and with this land to maintaine , partly two Schollers in the University , from their first coming thither , till they be Masters of Art. And then with the residue to maintaine four Widows , that have been the Wives of honest preaching Ministers . Zacheus , his offer was , but half of his goods . Lord , half of my goods I give to the poor . For ought I can perceive and understand , above half of her estate she hath given to charitable uses . I say no more of her . These works of her will praise her in the gates . She died in the Country . And I am sorry that I had not information ( as I did desire ) of her behaviour in her sickness . I have it not : I can say nothing of it : but thus much . It was not possible , that such a creature , that lived thus ( as we know she did ) in obedience to God , in repentance , in faith , with invocation of Gods mercy , in Charity , in Peace , but that her death was blessed . She that lived in the Lord , no question but she died in the Lord , and she is blessed ; for Blessed are the dead , that die in the Lord. Good Lord teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisdom ; and grant that as we grow in years , we may grow in knowledge of thy truth , in obedience to thy will , in faith in thy promises , in love toward thee , and toward our neighbours for thy sake , that when we come to the end of our dayes , we may come to the end of our hope , the salvation of our souls , through Jesus Christ : to whom with thee oh Father , and thee oh holy Spirit , three Persons , but one true and immortal , and only wise God , be given , both from us , and all thy creatures in heaven and in earth , continual praise , honour , glory , dominion and power , now and for evermore . Let all those that hear the word of God depart from iniquity . Now the God of Peace , that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus , the great Shepheard of the sheep , through the bloud of the everlasting Covenant , make you perfect to do his will , working in you that which is pleasing in his sight , through Jesus Christ ; Amen . THE CHRISTIANS CENTER : OR , HOW TO LIVE TO GOD. SERMON X. ROM . 14.7 . For none of us liveth to himself , and no man dieth to himself : for whether we live , we live to the Lord : and whether we die , we die unto the Lord : whether we live therefore or die , we are the Lords . THese words contain an Argument or reason which the Apostle useth , to prove that the weak Christian should be born withal , and that men should not judge , because of the difference of meat amongst them . He sheweth that they did not with the neglect of the knowledge of any truth keep themselves ignorant in this particular : but it was their weakness . The strong should bear with the weak , and the weak should not censure the strong : the reason is , because they agree in one end : they propound one general end to themselves , that guides them in all their actions , they walk in one way , and in one path , and therefore they should in these things agree together . The general end at which they all aymed in their doings is the Lord : He that eateth ( faith he ) eateth to the Lord , & he that eateth not , to the Lord he eateth not ; that is , still he propoundeth God as his end , and the pleasing of God in his actions , as the rule of them . That he may prove this unto us , that they stand thus affected , both of them , notwithstanding this difference , he bringeth in this as the general reason , where to every particular of their lives may be reduced : All their life is ordered by the Lord : they live to the Lord , they die to the Lord , so that whet her they live or die , they are the Lords ; Therefore all their particular actions are to the Lord. Whether we live , we live to the Lord , and whether we die , we die to the Lord. Now this general reason he propoundeth two wayes . First , Negatively , None of us living to himself , and no man dieth to himself . Secondly Affirmatively : which consisteth of two parts . Their duty to God. Gods acceptance of them , and protection over them . Their duty to God , if we live , we live to the Lord , and if we die , we die to the Lord. Gods acceptance of them ; Whether we live or die we are the Lords . That which we shall now insist upon , is the former part , the negative expression and proposal of this general reason ; none of us liveth to himself , and no man dieth to himself . Now , when the A postle affirmeth this of the beleevers of those times , he therein intimateth thus much ; that it is the course of beleevers in all times ; It is a duty belonging to all others ; of which they must make account , not to live to themselves , but to the Lord. Therefore though he speaks generally here , yet there is in his speech a kind of particular universality : a generality with a restraint . He saith none of us : he saith not none in the world live to themselves , for there are many in the world live to themselves , and not to the Lord : but none of us : none of those that we rank our selves with , that are in the condition of beleevers : none of those concerning whom we speak in this question : none of us live to our selves . Life in general , is nothing else but that power whereby we act or move . As we read , Gen. 2. God breathed into man the breath of life , and he became a living soul : he gave him the power whereby he acted . The acting of this power is the exercise of that life , whether the action be of the mind , or of the body . And so , as there is a donble life , there are two sorts of actions of life : there are natural actions of a natural life , and there are spiritual actions of a spiritual life . When the Apostle speaks of living , he intends both these . We live not ; that is , we do not the actions of life , whether natural or spiritual , to our selves , but to the Lord. No man liveth to himselfe . By himself , he meaneth not only a mans person , either soul or body : but all those advantages , that conduce , to the well-being of a man. No man of us so ordereth the actions of his life , with reference and respect to our selves , as the uttermost end : we do not make our own well-being , or well-fare , the uttermost end of our actions : none of us live to our selves : You have the sense and meaning of the words ; which being a patterne to other Christians : a thing which the Apostle supposeth , is or should be in every beleever , it giveth us this point of instruction , whereupon we shall insist at this time . That is , No Beleever , none that are in Christ , should make themselves the end in their actions . None should live ; that is , spend their time and strength and endeavour , ayming at no higher end then themselves . No Christian should so spend his time , as to seek himself only in the actions that he doth ; None of us liveth to himselfe . But here it may be objected ( for the clearing of the point ) May not a Christian seek himself , in the things that he doth ? When they do good things , that which God commandeth , that they may avoid the punishment : when , being incouraged by the promise of a reward , they performe the actions of obedience , do they not herein seek themselves ? they seek the avoyding of evil to themselues , and the obtaining of good for themselves : and doing thus they live to themselves . To this we Answer . We must consider , our selves two wayes . First in subordination to God. Secondly , in competition with him , or oppositon against him . Consider a mans self in subordination to God : so a man may seek himself ; that is , he may seek his own good : though not as the uttermost end , wherein his thoughts rest , yet he hath this incouragement . Self-love is a plant of Gods own planting in the heart of man : and he will not have any man root out that that he hath planted : Grace drieth not up the fountain of nature : It doth but turn the stream into a new channel : it guides it the right way . When a man is renewed by grace , and sanctified , he is the same man in his faculties : he doth his actions better then he did before ; and all that he did before , he doth them to a better end . It is impossible that the will of man should incline to any thing , but as he conceiveth it good , and good for me : now there is no man can conceive a thing as good for him , but he must conceive it as good and sutable to him , sutable to his welfare and condition . The law of God forbiddeth not this , but establisheth it , and commendeth it , if it be rightly ordered . Thou shalt love the Lord thy God , with all thy soul , and with all thy strength , that is the cheif : notwithstanding thou shalt not hate thy self : thou shalt love thy neighbour as thy self : subordinate to the love of a mans self must be the love of his neighbour ; and subordinate to his love of God , must be the love of himself . Thou maist love thy self , but in a degree inferiour to God. Thou must love thy self in God , and seek thy good in God , and not in thy self : therefore it is that God in the Scripture hath set promises and threatnings one opposite to the other . Now it is lawful for a man to be drawn to obedience , or driven from sin by any argument that God useth in his Word . When God threatneth punishment , shall not men be awakened ? the Lyon roareth , and the beasts of the Forrest tremble . When God promiseth : here is the act of faith to receive this promise , and to believe it . Herein Jesus Christ the Author and finisher of our faith , is set as a patterm for us , he set before him the joy . It is lawful for a Christian herein to imitate Christ : I speak this for their sakes , to allure them by incouragements from the Word : that howsoever the avoyding of sin by threatnings is an action of self-love , without the love of God ; yet these two may stand together in a due subordination one to another , a mans love to himself , and love to God : to love God more then himself , and so to seek all good in God , and in the way leading to him . Secondly , take man as he standeth in competition , and opposite to God , in matter of will and desire . In this case a man must not love and seek himself , but God. When a man seeks good to himself in a way displeasing to God , herein he must not seek himself ; for he must live to God , and not to himself : when his thoughts and desires , and affections , are carried for himself principally ; this is against the rule : this is not the state of a Christian , of a beleever , thus to seek himself in any thing contrary to God , or in any thing above him . Thus you have the opening of it . And it shall appear to be a truth by these reasons . For a man to live to himself : that is , to do the actions of life with respect to himself , not to others , and to God. It is First a dishonour to God. Secondly injurious to Christ . Thirdly , dangerous and hurtful to a mans self . Eirst ( I say ) it is dishonourable to God. It is the greatest dishonour the creature can do to the Creatour , to exalt himself , to make himself his end in the actions he doth . It is to make a mans self a God , and to make God an Idol . For what is that incommunicable glory that God will not give to another , but this , to make himself his end ? It is a glory proper only to God. He made all things for himself , Prov. 16.4 . Mark how these two agree well together , that that , that is the efficient cause , should be the final cause too : that as God is the maker , so he should be the end of all things : and as that that giveth Being to the creature it is our of it self , so likewise that , that should quicken and act the creature should be out of it self . When a man therefore propounds himself as his end , he is said in that to make himself God. Those false Apostles , Phil. 3.20 . it is said of them , that they made their belly their God ; because this they propounded as their end , how they might advantage themselves in the world , how they might feed and delight themselves , and exalt themselves , and serve not God. This is to bring God below a mans self , making God an Idol , and himself God. I say therefore it is the highest dishonour that the creature can do to God. Secondly , it is the greatest injury that he can do to Christ , to live to himself . Christ may say truly , and more properly , and fitly to us , then Saint Paul could , say to Philemon , thou owest thy self to me . We owe our selves to him by all rights especially by that great right ofpurchase : he bought us to himself , he redeemed us to himself ; You are bought with a price , ( saith the Apostle ) therefore glorifie God in your spirits and bodies , for they are Gods. They are his , and not your own , because he bought them , bought them when you were slaves , and had inthralled your selves , therefore you owe your selves to him , he hath purchased you to himself . In the old Law , the rule was , that if a man had bought another , either out of captivity , or the like , he was to demand all the work and service , that this man could doe , all his time and strength belonged unto hm that bought him , for he was his money , therefore he might exact of him the uttermost he could do for his service , for he bought him . Much more Christ , that hath bought us from a worse slavery , from a slavery under the power of darkness : and bought us with the greatest price , even with the effusion of his own bloud : He hath redeemed us ( saith Saint Peter ) not with silver and gold , but with his own precious bloud ; a price far above that , if a man should give all his wealth . Now when Christ hath bought us for himself , we are become not his money , but his bloud ; therefore all that we have , and are , is due to him , because we are his . If we have any good in the world , in things present : if there be any good to the soul , in things to come , all is by Christ , therefore all must be unto him . If a man have a servant , if he be either bound to him , suppose an Apprentise : or if he be hired to him , suppose a workman or Artificer : if he live by him , and have maintenance from him : every man expects that his time be to his Master , and his work for his Masters advantage . If a day-labourer come at night and demand pay : the Master will ask him , what work he did ? suppose the man should tell him , he had been building himself a cottage , or mending his own apparel , or had been doing such and such work for himself : but what hast thou done for me , saith the Master ? Dost thou think to live by me , and not work to me ? Do we think to live by Christ , and not serve Christ ? This is the very end why he hath delivered us from the hands of our enemies , that we might serve him in holiness and righteousness , all the dayes of our life : Mark it : we must serve him , for he hath delivered us ; that is , we must do him service : do his work , not some peece of the day , and the work of another , another part of the day : do somewhat with respect to God , and somewhat with respect to our selves : but we must serve him all the dayes of our life . The whole time of the hyreling is for his Masters service , and the whole time of a Christian , for the service of Christ : for he hath bought us with the price of his own bloud . Then it is an injury to the Lord Christ , because he hath ransomed us at such a price for himself , if we do things to our selves , and not to him . Thirdly , as it is a dishonour to God , and injurious to Christ , that men should live to themselves : so it is dangerous to a mans self . And that will appear by comparing what we lose by it ; with what we gain by it . Compare our loss and our gain together , and we shall see then , that we do our selves the greatest mischief , when we seek our selves most . Consider first what we lose by it . Our happiness . What is the happiness of the creature , but the injoying of God ? We lose our end and perfection . What is the blessedness of the creature , but to obtain his end ? What is the end of the creature , but the glory of the Creator ? Then the creature cometh to perfection , and blessedness , and happiness , when it is most empty of himself , when he most perfectly , and with due affection seeks God. Therefore in seeking our selves , we lose our happiness . Saint Paul so conceived of their blessedness : they let fall themselves in the highest point of self-love , when they stood in competion with God , or oppsition against God. Moses desired that his name might be blotted out of the book of life , rather then God should be dishonoured . And faith the Apostle , I could be content to be separated from Christ , for my brethrens sake : that is , that Christ may be glorified . He knew that his happiness lay not in injoying a blessed estate to himself , free from care and trouble : but that herein his happiness lay , that God may be glorified , and that he might bring it to pass by any means , that he might serve God , in that end whereto God had appointed him : and the more perfectly he could attain that end , the more perfectly he should attain his happiness . So it is with a true Christian , he is so far blessed , and happy in heaven as he is serviceable to God on earth , as he lives to him , and doth much , and suffereth much for him ; when that life that he hath , is spent ( in the several actions , and turnings , and changings of it ) in the service , and to the glory of God. Therefore I say consider this : you lose that which you seek : you seem to seek happiness to your selves , by seeking wealth and pleasures or earthly advantages to your selves ; and while you seek them , with a neglect of duty to God , with a neglect of the discharge of that work and service he hath committed to you : you lose that happiness that you seem to seek , and which you should seek indeed , which is the perfection , the end of the creature : the service of his Creatour . So you see what we lose . Consider secondly , what we gain . It may be you gain wealth for you selves : this is somewhat you will say . It may be you gain honour , and esteeme in the World : you gain a name amongst men , or some earthly advantage . Alas ! what is this if it be rightly considered ? It is but the gain of a shadow to the loss of the soul . If it be wealth : doth it satisfie the soul ? Doth it quiet the conscience ? Doth it fill aman so , as that he needs no more ? All the wealth in the world cannot do this : there is an emptiness in all these things : there is fulness to be had only in God , in Christ , in spiritual things : nothing else is able to satisfie the soul in all its desires , to give it perfect peace . If the happiness of a man where either in himself , or in any other creature , he need have nothing to do with God , he need not then to look higher above himself . But God hath placed a vanity both in men , and in all creatures : man is vain , and all the creatures in the world are vanity , and vexation of spirit . And when the Scripture calleth them vanity , what doth it mean , but that they are empty things ? they have not that nourishment in them , that they seem to have ; they have not that in them , that they should have , according to that esteem that men put upon them : they are empty things : as we say of wells , when they want water , they are empty , though they be full of other things , as dust and sand , &c. Or as clouds that have no moisture , and rain in them , they are empty : so are all things in the world therefore empty ; because they have not in them , that which the heart seeks after : they have not happiness in them , they have not contentment in them . What is this then , but to forsake bread , and to seek after husks , like the Prodigal that left his Fathers house , where there was bread enough , and to feed on husks with swine ? to leave the approach and access of the soul to God , wherein it may satisfie it self to the full , with that which is food indeed : and to seek somewhat in the world that it cannot get . I say , this is a mans loss . Nay , he loseth himself in living to himself : What shall it profit a man to win the whole world , and lose himself ? Mat. 16.26 . To lose his soul , saith one Evangelist , to lose himself faith another . A man loseth himself , when he loseth his soul . And this he doth in the neglect of God , he loseth his soul in that action : when a man gathereth wealth by indirect means , or keepeth his wealth and douth not disburse it in the service of God , for his glory , or whatsoever else a man doth ; in gaining the world he loseth himself . He that will lose his life shall save it , and he that will save his life , shall lose it , Mark. 10. A man never loseth a shadow more then when he followeth it : the faster he pursues it , the faster still it runneth from him : such is the pursuit after anything out of God : the more a man pursueth i●… the more he loseth himself , he is driven so many paces from heaven , so many degrees from his own happiness . This is the folly and madness of the world , whereby Sathan deludeth men , leading them after vain shewes of earthly delights , in carnal security , flattering themselves in the pursuit of the world , dreaming of happiness and comfort , and in the conclusion imbrace nothing but a shadow and emptiness . and comfort , and in the conclusion imbrace nothing but a shadow and emptiness . This I say is the misery of man. Now put both together : Consider what we lose : that that is truly good , that that is blessedness indeed : and what we get : that that is but a shadow , that that is emptiness indeed . Men lose that they seem to have 〈◊〉 and want that they pursue after . A secret judgement of God , because they sought not that , that they should do . Thus we see the point opened , I hasten to the application . The first use is , for Conviction●… Since there is such a truth as this , that no man that professeth himself to be in Christ , that professeth himself to be a beleever , should live to himself , that is , do any action of his life , ayming at himself , as the uttermost end in those actions . It serveth in the first place to convince us , that profess our selves to be Christians , and beleevers , to be such as know Christ ( though with these differences , some are more weak , and some more strong ; ) yet I say , it convinceth every man to stand guilty before the Lord , that if he live to himself , he is none of Christs . This is the property of every true Christian , even of the weakest , aswell as of the strongest ( for the Apostle speaks of all , None of us , saith he , whether weak or strong Christians , live to over selves ) if thou therefore live to thy self , thou art none of those the Apostle speaks to : thou art none of those that live and die to the Lord ; thou art none of those that are the Lords , whether in life or death . Let us therefore first be convinced of this , that there is such a sinful disposition in the hearts of men , that profess themselves to be Christians , and yet live to themselves . That is the first thing I would convince you of at this time . Secondly , I would shew you , that whatsoever this disposition is , it argueth a soule and sinful heart . None of us do so ( saith the Apostle ) other men that have no part in these priviledges and comforts , they do so , they live to themselves . Thirdly , we will convince you of this life , that it is simply necessary . That so without delay , every one ●…hat is convinced that he liveth to himself , may now begin to leave that course , to live to himself , and hereafter live to God. For the first of these . To convince us that there are many amongst us that professe our selves to be Christs , and yet are thus disposed , and have this sinful affection , to live to our selves . Take this first in the general . If there were not such a disposition in mens hearts , the holy Ghost would not thus have directed the spirit of the Apostle , in expressing this , as a note of difference between them and others , and as an argument that a strong Christian , should beare with the weak , because they do not live to themselves . The Scripture giveth not rules in vaine . But that yet we may see it more clearely : you shall find this very thing complained of sometime : and sometime forbidden . Complained of , Phil. 2.21 . All seek their own , and not the things of Jesus Christ . Such a disposition there was in them , that they sought their own , they lived to themselves . And forbidden , 1 Cor. 10.24 . Let no man seek his own , but every one another mans wealth . A thing expresly , and in termes so clearely forbidden , as no man can hide himself from the light of it . He is certainly guilty of the breach of this command , that seeks after his own : that seeks himself . But how shall we know ( that we may be more sensible of our own case ) whether it be thus with us , or not : whether we live to our selves , and not unto God ? I will give you two general rules and tryals whereby a man may discern whether he live to himself or not . The first is this . Consider when a lust , and an occasion meet together , how you are . I shall shew it in divers particulars . Take it thus . Sometimes you shall see that a man is put on to a good duty by incouragement : sometimes he wants those incouragements . Mark now , how a man determineth and resolveth , to act , or to cease his action , by vertue of these incouragements . Sometimes you shall see that there is a command to a duty , but no outward incouragement to that duty , that may satisfie the desire of a mans heart in self-respects . He must obey God in this command , but he shall gain nothing in the world by it : he shall neither grow rich , nor get more esteem among men , or have a more easie or pleasent life in outward things : all self-respects fail in this action . The question is , what a man resolveth upon in this ? If now his heart start aside from God , and fall off from the duty , because he wants those incouragements that a man looks after , a way for himself , fulness to himself : then it is evident , thou hast respect to thy self . Jehu all the while , that his zeal to God might further him , and the better settle himself in the kingdom of Israel ; he can call others to come up and see his zeal for the Lord ; but when his zeal had no such baite●… , and allurement to those actions , then Jehu turneth against God , and falleth to Idolatry and other sins : Jehu is not now the man , when these incouragements faile , that he was before . You have abundance in John 6.10 . seeking Christ , that still discovered a living to themselves in it . You seek me ( saith our Saviour ) because of the loaves : they had some outward advantage by him , and therefore so long they sought him . So the Lord discovered them in Hos . 7. to be such as lived to themselves even in holy duties : You cry unto me ( saith God ) but it is for corn , and wine , and oyle : for this they cryed : but when they had corn , and wine , and oyle , what zeal had they then ? He that should have been upright when he waxed fat , he kicked with the heel , as the Lord speaks under the name of Jesurum to Israel . That is one case : Consider when things come thus , that sometime those worldly advantages fall off from a man in the profession and practise of religion : if he fall off from the duty too , he is a man that liveth to himself . This was the case of the second and third grounds , they received the seed with joy : that is , when they were sensible of comfort they followed Christ , but afterward when persecution arose for the Gospel , they fell off , and took offence . Such as these live to themselves : they seem to live to God , but it is to themselves : and therefore when self-respects fail , they fall off too . Secondly , take another instance for the clearing of it ; Suppose that not only sensible advantages fail , but sensible disadvantages come in the world . A man is sensible that he shall disadvantage himself much , if he go on in the wayes of obedience to God. It may be if he make conscience of his wayes , he must make restitution of his estate , unjustly gotten . He must deny himself in a greater measure of pleasures , that he hath unlawfully pursued . He must empty himself , in works of mercy , and piety , of a great part of his estate , for the good of others , that God may be glorified by his substance . He shall lose some worldly friends ; some esteem among men . Here are sensible disadvantages to a man. Now the Question is , what he resolveth to do ? Here is the command of God ; and here is ( the thing whereupon the heart of man , and his affections are set upon ) disadvantages in the world . These come together . Here is an occasion for a lust , a sinful affection to express it self ; If that be laid in the ballance , and shall prevaile above the other : that rather then I will endure disadvantage in the world , I will neglect the way of serving God : this party liveth to himself : whatsoever good he did before in matters of religion , all was done to himself ; I say when these two come together , as you know when two men walk together , and one servant followeth them , a man knoweth not whose servant he is till they part : but then when they part , a stranger may know whose servant he is : he followeth his own Master , and leaveth the other . So , when God and the world go together , God and a mans own advantages go together : when their is nothing commanded , but standeth with his own advantages : so long a mans deceitful heart may flatter , and delude , and misguide him , he may go on in a false perswasion , and in a strong conceit that he is in Christ , in a blessed estate . But when these two part : that I shall not only not advantage my self , but sensibly disadvantage my self in outward things . Here now I say the the Question is what a man doth . If I resolve to cleave to my outward advantages , and leave God , and leave the wayes of God : I live to my self . A man that liveth to God , you shall see it is otherwise with him : as for instance . David : when he might have had the kingdome of Israel somewhat sooner , by sin , he would not do it : his heart smote him , for cutting off the ●…appe of Sauls garment ; though he might have gained the kingdome of Israel by it , he would not lay his hands on the Lords anointed : And what was the reason of it ? because he would not advantage himself by disobedience to God ; he would rather want himself . What was the reason that Daniel , when he saw he was in an apparent hazard , not only of the loss of honour , but of his life , and that for the performance but of one duty , prayer , and that but for a short time : yet would not omit it , no not for a short time , though he might by that not only have saved his life , but kept his honour in the Court : he prayed to God , even at that time , when he was forbidden : Why so ? because he lived to God , and not to himself . Had Daniel lived to , and sought himself more then God , he would have dispensed with this , and saved both his life and honour , though he had offended God in that particular of omission . But this is the disposition of a heart that is faithful and upright with God : it will not dishonour God for the greatest advantage that can come to it self : it will not neglect a duty to God , whatsoever loss it have in the world . Thirdly , Take another instance , whereby we may see what we intend in this tryall . Let the will of God , and the bent of a mans own will come in competition together . God will have me leave this : I will hold it . God will have me forsake this : I will keep it ; It is a comfort , a wordly benefit : I lose my comfort if I part with it . He that now liveth to himself , he will please his own will , and be disquieted and vexed against Gods will that crosseth his . But he that liveth to God , will be conten●… that God should cross him in his will : because he would glorisie God in his own will , in his soveraignty , in his purity , in his holiness , and justice , &c. See it in the case of Abraham . Abraham had a strong love to Isaac , and good cause : yet nevertheless though he could see a comfort to himself in this son , when God telleth him , thou must sacrifice thy son Isaac , when he had the revealed will of God : Abraham now resolveth to shew that he lived to God , and not to himself : therefore he would part with any comfort of his life for God , when he required it . So David , If the Lord will ( saith he ) he can bring me back , that I shall see the Tabernacle , and the Ark●… if not : If he say I have no pleasure i●… thee , loe here I am , let the Lord do with me , as seemeth good in his owneyes . When the case is this , when the will of God , crosseth thy will : what now prevaileth ? Doth the desire of having thy own will prevail against the desire of submitting to Gods will ? Doth it raise murmuring , and impatiency of spirit ? So far thou livest to thy self . Therefore consider this . Here is an occasion now for a lust , and a sinful affection to shew it self : either a man may advantage himself in an evil course , or he cannot but disadvantage himself in a good course : or when God crosseth a man in that he desireth , and delights in , in the world . That is the first tryal whereby a man may know whether he liveth to himself . Secondly , another tryal will be this ; Consider if their be any part of the truth of God , of his revealed will , that for self-respects thou art willing to be ignorant of , least the knowledge of it , should make the do somewhat to thy own disadvantage : in this thou livest to thy self . See this to be true , in all that live to themselves . Balaam , though he profest , that for a house full of gold , he would not go beyond the word of the Lord , yet notwithstanding he was willing not to take notice of Gods will , but to go on rather to curse . Johanan in Jer. 42. professeth deeply that he would obey the will of the Lord ; but when he understood the will of the Lord , when it crost his will : then saith he to Jeremy ; It is not the Lord that hath bid the say this , but Baruch . When men cavil against any part of Gods word , or hide any truth from themselves , and with-hold the truth in unrighteousness ; Here is a man living to himself . How many points are there in Religion , that many men are willingly ignorant of ? And when they cannot but know them , how do they labour for distinction ? how do they dawb over the matter , that they may hide the truth from themselves , that it may not work upon their consciences , to make them leave their profitable fins ? Some would have the keeping of the Lords day according to Judaisme , though it be revealed to them , that there is a broad difference between the Jews observation , and the Christians keeping of it . Another man he will not understand Usury to be a sin , because his course is usurious : he will not know this willingly , because he would not disadvantage himself . Another will not understand what he is bound to do , to the glory of God with his estate : in what measure , according to all the good that God hath blessed him with , to honour God , and give the first fruits of all his increase : nor in what manner , that he should be ready to every good work , to contribute willingly to the necessities of the Saints : what he should do to pious and merciful uses , what for publike , what for private occasions : he would not willingly know these things : he should have less ease he makes account . Thus when a man is not willing to be informed in any thing , to sift the truth to the bottome , to the uttermost , to know any thing concerning a duty in any kind , when he laboureth not to convince his heart , to this end , that he may be brought in every thing to obey God , when he standeth out with God in any one point : this man liveth to himself , and walketh not as he should , according to the rule of God. Now then ( beloved ) let us be convinced of it , I beseech you , take it home , and let every man consider of it with himself . Sometime in the actions of religion there cometh matter of glory in the world , and this setteth me forward much : when these things are spoken against , and when I shall suffer disadvantages , I cannot hold out . At another time , though all things be well , yet if it cross me in such a course , I murmure , as if it were an unprofitable thing to serve God. And then again when God revealeth his will , my froward and rebellious heart hath hung back , and been unwilling to submit to Gods will in this point : all this while I have lived to my self . And if it be true : If a man be in Christ , he liveth not to himself , then it follows : if a man liveth to himself , he is out of Christ ; If the weakest Christian live to Christ , then the best that liveth to himself is out of Christ . Be convinced of this first . Secondly , Be convinced , as it is the case of our selves : so it is an ill estate for a man to live to himself . You see still it is the whole drift of wicked men to took to themselves . Haman aimed at himself : when the King asked him , what should be done to the man whom the King would honour ? He thought , whom should the King honour but himself ? He looked to himself . Here was the difference between Haman and Mordecai , both had honour in the world : Haman seeks himself in all his honour : Mordecai seeks God , and his glory , and the welfare of his Church in his honour : A great difference . Saith Nabal : shall I take my bread , and my drink , and give it to a man that I know not ? Here was a man that lived to himself . Compare him with Job ; He was a foot to the lame , an eye to the blind ; he continually fed those that wanted food . A great difference : Job lived to God , and therefore he honoured God in releeving many with the estate that God hath given him : Nabal lived to himself , therefore he regarded none hut himself , and his own house , and sheep-shearers , and those that depended upon him . This is the property of a man out of Christ to seek himself , and live to himself in all things . Again consider , others that have gone further in matters of religion , yet they have still turned out of the way , as far as they have halted in this , Matt. 6.22 . If thine eye be single , the whole body is light : but if thine eye be wicked , the whole body is darkness . A wicked eye is supposed to a single eye : a double eye is a wicked eye : What is a single eye ? That that looks but upon one object , upon God , and God onely , and God principally : and on all other things in him , and with reference to him . Now the double eye , is that , that though it looks to God , and do many things in obedience to God : yet it looks to somewhat else , and takes other things as greater incouragements : this is a wicked eye , and such a man walketh in darkness : when he looks to God , he hath light in the duty : when he looks to men , and other things , then he turneth aside , and runneth to by-wayes : And therefore a double-minded man is unconstant in all his wayes . What is a double minded man ? He is a double-minded man , whose mind is set upon more things then one : first on the world , and then on God : as far as he sees it is profitable , he will serve God , or else not . This man is an unconstant man. You see it is an ill estate . So much for the first Use , for conviction . Secondly therefore ; As many as are guilty of this , labour to get out of it , not to live to your selves any more . Let it be enough , that you have lived thus long to your selves : that you have desrauded Christ of his due , that hath puchased you with his bloud , and not served him in holiness and righteousness , so many dayes of your life . Now for the time to come , let us serve him better . And that you may do thus . I will give you two sorts of directions , or helps . I can give you but the heads of them . First , be convinced that our good is in God , and not in our selves : our life is in God , and not in our selves ; our selves are in God , and not in our selves : that as the beams of the Sun are in the Sun , more then in themselves , so a Christian is more in Christ then in himself . Whatsoever is good and comfortable to him , is in Christ : he hath all by vertue of a union with Christ : he is not at all happy or blessed , further then he is in him . If then all our good lie in him , it is great reason all our actions should returne to him : that he should be the Center where all our lines should meet ; the mark whereto all our actions should aym . Let not the strong man glory in his strength , or the wise man in his wisdom , or the rich man in his riches ; but he that glorieth , let him glory in this , that he knoweth me , that I am the Lord. Jer. 9.24 . What Lord ? the Lord that sheweth judgment and righteousness upon the earth : there is a mercy shewed to the creature , but it is I that do it , faith the Lord. If you meet with a merciful man , God is merciful in that man : If you meet with a bountiful man , God is bountiful in that man : If you meet with a man whose lips feed many , God instructeth that man. I say , seeing all things we have , though they have divers channels and pipes , and conveyances , whereby God conveyeth goodness and mercy to men , yet nevertheless , it is in God , and from God we receive all ; let us therefore look upon every creature as instruments in Gods hand , that can do us neither good nor hurt without him . What good it doth , it doth by the influence of the supream cause , working by that creature : let us so look upon , and conceive of every creature . Thus the Saints have done in all times . Jacob when he saw Esau ; I have seen thy face , as the face of God ( saith he . ) He saw God in the face of Esau . So in all good men , we should say , God is good in them . This should make men not to seek themselves ; not to study men more then God : not to study gain with men , with the loss of God : to please men , with the displeasing of God : but to venture the loss of all men , that they may please God , if they cannot keep men and God together . For the affections of men are in Gods hand , and he fashioneth , and frameth them , according to his own pleasure , either to love , or hatred , as David observed in the case of Shimei , God hath bid him curse . Be convinced , I say , of this , that if we get all the men in the world to be our freinds , with the neglect of God , if we get all the treasures and wealth of the world : if a man were advanced to the Monarchy of the whole earth : yet these things are more in Gods hand , then in ours . When a man hath wealth , it is not in his own keeping : riches have wings . When a man hath favour , God gives it not into his own keeping : whatsoever we have , it is secured to us by Gods protection , and made good to us by his blessing . Let this be our care , and work therefore , how we may live to God : how we may enjoy God , in the things we enjoy , and possess God in all things we possess ; in the things we have , still to keep God , and that will keep our estates , and names , and comforts , and lives , and all . That is the first . Again secondly ; There are certain graces to be exercised , if a man would not live to himself ( for indeed it is the property of a Christian , and none else to live to God , and not to himself : and he doth it by vertue of those graces in his heart , that empties him of himself , and draws him to God : therefore , I say , there are certain graces that every one should exercise , if he would not live to himself . ) What are those ? First , the knowledg of God in Christ . Get a more full and particular , and experimental knowledge of God. All our looking to the creature is , because we know not God perfectly : if we did know him , we would account him the chiefess of ten thousand , the Church when she knew Christ , said so : we would account him ( as Elkanah said to Hannah ; Am not I better to thee then ten sons ? ) better then ten friends , then ten worlds . Get therefore a more full knowledge of God : that all power is in him : One thing have I heard once and twice , that power belongeth unto God , saith he Psalmist . Secondly , Get faith in the exercise more . All the worthies of the Lord in Heb. 11. What made them live so to God , and not to themselves as they did ? because they beleeved , they did it by faith : by faith Abraham denied himself : by faith Moses for sook the pleasures of Egypt : by faith those Worthies , of whome the world was not worthy , wandred up and down in sheeps skins , and goats skins , and would not be delivered . When a man getteth interest in Christ by faith , he shall see that in him , that will satisfie all his desires , and answer all his losses . Thirdly , exercise Love. Faith works by love . The more we love God in Christ , the more perfectly we shall cleave to him : Love is a uniting grace , that uniteth the soul to Christ . The love of Christ constraineth me ( faith the Apostle , 2 Cor. 5. ) for we thus judge , if one died for all , then it is fit they that live should not live to themselves . And the truth is , the more a soul loveth Christ , the more it will live to him . Lastly , a word of the last Use , and that for instruction . Being convinced that such is the estate of most men , that they live to themselves : and that whose estate soever it is , it is a sinful estate , and argueth a man out of Christ : and that there is a possiblity of getting out of this estate . Let it be for instruction to all those , that in some measure live to God , and not to themselves : let it be to teach them , and perswade them more fully to live to him , and less to themselves . A man simply censidered without any relation to others , or dependance upon an another man , he may please himself : but when a man is considered in his dependance upon God , and his relation to men : he must then observe the will of his Creatour , in that relation God hath set him : he must carry himself as his creature , and observe the end that the creature is appointed to . Nay , he must carry himself as a Christian , and observe the good of the body : he must carry himself as a member , to do good to the whole . Let every Christian labour to do this , if he would have comfort to his soul , that he doth not live to himself , that he is of the number of those that are accepted of God in life and death . Labour to imploy , his time , and strength , and gifts , and whatsoever he is , and hath , to the good of others : As every man hath received the gift , let him minister to others , as faithful dispencers of the manifold grace of God. If you have received gifts , you have received them from God , you have received them for the good of others , you have received them as dispensers : let every man ( faith the Apostle ) dispense the manifold grace of God : if the Apostle had said , be dispensers of the grace of knowledge that you have , for the feeding of the souls of many : and not of your estates : or , relieve as many as you can with your estates , but take no care for their souls : but when he saith , be dispensers of the manifold gifts of God , his meaning is , that whatsoever I have wherewith I am able to do men good with , whether it be inward or outwards gifts , the gifts of the mind , or of the outward man , any thing whereby I can be advantageous to others ; I must serve God and men in improving of that . He that will not live to himself , is bound to serve every man with every gift he hath . If God have furnished a man with inward gifts , the graces of his Spirit . If a man have knowledge , and faith , or experience , or comfort , whatsoever graces of the Spirit he hath , there are duties appointed , and a Communion of Saints exprest , that men may be stirred up to exercise those graces in that communion for the good of all the Saints . Therefore we are said to have knowledge to profit with . And gifts to edifie with . All that a man hath , God hath given him for this end , that God may be glorified by it : Hercin is my Father glorified , that you bring forth much fruit . Let your light so shine before men , that they may see your good works , and glorifie your Father which is in heaven . Men have much benesit by the graces of the Spirit in others , when they are improved as they ought , they are as lights amongst men in the world . Grace when it is opened ( like the Box of oyntment ) raiseth a desire in others after it . Grace exercised and communicated to others , it sheweth the amiableness of it . Christians should therefore do it , that they may make Christianity lovely : that they may make the profession of Religion amiable to the world , that is by communicating the graces of God to others . This every man should do , in his place , in his person , take all advantages this way . And as it is good for others , so it is good for a Mans self to do thus , a man increaseth his own store . Liberality ( we say ) is the best husbandry . There is no promise in the Scripture for hoarding up , there are many to distribute . I say it is the best husbandry in the world , especially in spiritual things : it is as the oyl , increased in the pouring out : like the loaves , the more they were broken , the more they multiplied still . We see the hand noursheth it self by administring food to the mouth : so a Christian , not only exerciseth , but increaseth grace in himself by communicating grace to others . And what I say for spiritual , I say for outward things . If a man have wealth , or honor , or any of these outward things , and an opportunity , he should imploy them for others , that it may appear that he doth not live to himself . He that layeth up riches only for himself , and his family , liveth to himself . He that followeth his calling only for himself , and his family , liveth to himself . He doth that which a man out of Christ would do : but a man that would live to God , he must glorifie God with his estate . To do good , and to distribute , forget not , for with such sacrifices God is pleased , Heb. 13. Charge them that are rich in the world , that they be not high-minded , but ready to distribute to the necessities of the Saints . 1 Tim. 3. It is a charge laid upon all , to glorifie God with their estates : with their Authority as they are magistrates : as Job faith , I was a foot to the lame , an eye to the blind , a father to the fatherless , a husband to the widow : He did all things for the good of others . All men are ambassadours sent from God , for the good of the bodies , and souls of others . Am I a neighbour , it is for the good of the body and soul of every one that converseth with me , according to the manifold gifts bestowed upon me : and I live no further to God , then I do extend , and communicate all my particular gifts to the good of others , both for soul and body . Thus you have the point opened , and pressed , concerning living to our selves , as a mark of those that are Christs , that they do not live to themselves . I beseech you ( brethren , ) let this be the advantage of Funeral Sermons , that are preached upon the occasion of the death of our deceased brethren , to teach us how to live . Let every man hereaster resolve to lead a profitable and fruitful life : to do all the good he can while he liveth , that for much good done to many , thanks may be given by many on his behalf . THE IMPROVEMENT OF TIME : OR , THE RIGHT USE OF TIMES SHORTNESSE . SERMON XI . 1 COR. 7.29 , 30. But this I say , bretrhen , the time is short ; It remaineth , that both they that have Wives , be as though they had none ; and they that weep , as though they wept not ; and they that rejoyce , as if they rejoyced not ; and they that buy , as though they possessed not ; and they that use this world , as not abusing it ; for the fassion of this world passeth away . THat I may briefly come to open to you the sum of that that I have to deliver out of this Scripture : I desire you ( beloved in the Lord ) in few words , to take notice of the drift and scope of the holy Apostle in this place : and that is this . The Corinths ( as it seemeth in the beginning of this chapter ) had written a Letter to Saint Paul , wherein they did propound to him divers Cases of Conscience : and did intreat him , that he would send him judgement , concerning those points . Some five or six we may gather they did write to him about . One was this ; whether he thought it either a lawful , or a fitting thing for a man to marry . The second was ; Whether if a man were married , his Wife and he might not separate themselves one from another . The third was ; If they did live together , whether it were lawful , for the one to deny to the other matrimonial benevolence The fourth ; Whether if one of them being a Beleever , and the other an Infidel , it were lawful , or convenient for the beleever to remain a yoke-fellow to the Insidel . These and divers other cases of concience , they intreated Saint Paul to resolve them in . Now the Apostle in the beginning of this Chapter writeth an Answer to every one of these Questions they propounded . To some of them he answered thus ; Indeed I canuot give an absolute determination what is to be done , but I suppose , this , and this is best . And to another . I advise such a thing : I cannot directly determine the will of God , but I have received mercy of God to be accounted faithful , and if you would know my opinion it is this . And so he giveth divers doubtful answers to their Questions : only he telleth them , this is fittest for the opportunity . When he hath done all , he cometh to this I have read . But this I say brethren , &c. As if he should say ; The Questions I have given you an Answer to , I think you know not what to resolve upon , because I say only this is my counsel , or this is my opinion . But this I am peremptory in , that is , That they that have wives be as if they had none : they that weep , as if they wept not : and they that rejoyce , as if they rejoyced not . This , I do not come to say , I suppose , and I think it sit , or I give my advise , or for the present occasion it is fit to be thus . But brethren , herein I am consident , and resolute , that you should be as if not , in all things : in this I am bold . This is the drist of the Apostle , that he would bring in one thing wherein he is consident , after the resolution of divers Questions , wherein he could not be so consident . So then , the words I have read , contain two general things . First , the Apostles Preface to his Exhortation . Secondly , the Exhortation it self . The Preface in these words , But this I say brethren . The Exhortation in the rest of the words , The time is short , &c. In the Exhortation there are likewise three things that I would note unto you . Eirst , the ground of the Exhortation in these words ; The time is short . Secondly the Exhortation it self , in these words : It remainech that they that have wives , be as though they had none : and they that weep , as if they wept not : and they that rejoyce , as if they rejoyced not : and they that buy , as if they possessed not : and they that use the world , as not abusing it . Here is the Exhortation . Then the third thing , is a spur the Apostle addeth to quicken them up , to practise all these things , in these words ; For the fashion of this world passeth away . The first general thing in the words , is the Apostles Preface , But this I say brothren . And in this I would note but two things : I will but name them ( because I would not be straitned in two principal points that I would gladly open . ) First here I would note : How consident , and earnest , and resolute a faithful minister will be , when he cometh to a point that mainly concerns his people . In all other things the Apostle giveth them his Answer , so as it might seem , he had not fully resolved them . I give my advise , ( faith he ) and again , I suppose this But now when he cometh unto the right use of the world , that it be not abused : and the thought of heaven , that they might set themselves about it . Here he cometh without ifs and ands , he setteth it down resolutely and positively . Brethren , this I say , or this you must do . This is one thing that I might note . Secondly I might note ; The compellation , or term that he giveth them : Brethren . In which , note who they are , to whom Saint Paul giveth the Exhortation . And it seemeth to me , as if the Apostle should say ; I am putting you now upon a duty , that if I could not give you the term , brethren , I should hope to prevail little with you . To come and tell a young gallant that is in the middest of his russe , and his jollity , and all pleasures : the fashion of this world passeth away , and I would have you use these things , as if you used them not : I know he would not receive it . Or to come to an old soaked worldling , whose Mammon and penny is his God , whose thoughts run altogether upon his wealth : and to tell him , that he should use the world , as if he used it not . Or to come to another that is newly married , and it may be hath made a Goddesse of his yoak-fellow for a while , and tell him that he must be as if he were not married : I should have little hope to prevail with these . But you are brethren : and because brethren you know the good things of God , you are acquainted with things concerning eternal happiness : therefore as long as I can call you brethren , I am bold to put you upon the duty . So ( brethren ) this is my Preface to you . I shall anon speak to a point that I shall have little hope to prevail with many in the Congregation : when I come to speak of the immoderate use of the world , and all the blessings in it ; it may be both your eares will be so stopped against it . But as many of you as are brethren , that have given up your selves to God , and have taken him for your portion , and his Word for your guide in all things : I hope you will bring willing and yeelding hearts , to resolve that what is delivered out of the word of God , to embrace it , and to endeavour it , concerning the course of your lives . And so , this will suffice for the Preface , because ( as I said ) I would not be straitned . Now I come to the Exhortation . It remaineth that they that have wives , be as if they had none , &c. First I will in brief open the words , and then come to some matter of instruction . I begin first with the ground of the Exhortation . The time is short . The word translated short , signifieth in the orignal , Time cut off . And so the Apostle aluded ( as the best Expositors agree ) to Seafayring-men : that have almost done their voyage , and begin to strike sayle , and to fold them up together , and are even putting into the Harbour , and are going to unlade their goods . So faith the Apostle , the time is short : as if he should say : if a company , that are going out a long voyage , should strive who should be Master , and who be Masters-Mate , and who should have this or that office in the Ship , I could not greatly blame them . But when they are almost at home , when they are within a flight-shot of the shoar , when they begin to strike sayle , to take in all , and to go themselves out of the ship : then if they should fall a quarrelling for places , and contend , and use all the friends and means they could make , it were a ridiculous thing , and folly . So it is with us . Time was when the world was in beginning , and then when a man came into the world , he might say , by the course of nature , I have a matter of six , or seven , or eight , or nine hundred years , to go on in my pilgrimage , before I shall end my voyage : and then if a man should bestow a little time to think with himself ; Well , if I can live but to see my self the father of a thousand children , and might come to people almost a whole Couutry , &c. then I say , if a man should greet the world , he might be excused . But brethren , God hath cast out the time of our age so , that as soon as we begin our voyage , we are ready to strike sayle presently . We have but a little time to continue , and much work to be done for another life : therefore for us to stand striving about wives and children , and courtesies : to cry out of afflictions , when we are ready to strike sayle , and even to go out of the ship into the harbour , it is a meer folly . These things are not worthy the while , heaven is the thing we should look after , therefore let us be moderate in all these things . This is the meaning . So that the ground of the Exhortation , affordeth two things . The one I will but name ; The other I will stand upon . First ; The time of our life in this world is very short . We have a very little time to continue in this world . This is a very fruitful and profitable point , but because I would not be straitned , and because the Apostle intends it not as the main thing , I do but only name it . The second thing ( and that which Saint Paul mainly intends ) is that because we have but a little time , we are even ready to strike sayle , and to go to the Harbour presently , therefore he that had a wife should be as if he had none , and he that used the world , as if he used it not , &c. And there the Lesson that I no●e is this ; That the serious meditation of the little and short time that we have to remain in here below , should be a great means , to cut us off from the world , and to put us upon thoughts and actions concerning heaven . I shall not need to give you a better ground of the point then is in the Text. The time is short ( saith he ) the time is contracted , you are ready to strike sayle : therefore do this . I might give you a world of Scripture to prove this . But I will satisfie my self in laying you down two or three grounds of it . First , we know , that all things that ever a man can enjoy in this world , they all die , assoon as ever this time is gone . Mark it : All things here below , let a man dote never so much upon them : let him have wife , and children , and beauty , and credit , and pleasures , and learning , or whatsoever it is , if his glass be out , if his time be gone , ther 's is an end of all those to him . Now , the soul of man careth not for that happiness , that hath no continuance at all in it ; Yea , the rarest thing that mortal men seek , if they should know before hand that they should enjoy them but a little time , the soul careth not for pitching upon it . If a man were offered the goodliest woman for his wife , that ever lived in this world : if God should send him this message ; there take her , I bestow her freely upon thee , but to morrow thou shalt die : who would care for marrying ? To be a King , we know , is simply the greatest thing that men seek after in this world : yet among the Grecian Cities ( as that of Sparta ) because one was but to have the Kingdome but for a year , and then to lay down his Crown , and become a private man : all the wisest men of the City , strove as much not to the King , as we to get great places . Why ? because they knew that that honour was but for a year ; and that would be gone presently , therefore they cared not for it . So the Apostle teacheth in this place . Though thou shouldest have a wife that thou shouldest love mightily : though thou shouldest have pleasures , that thou takest full content in : Why doest thou so ? We are ready to strike sayle ; we have but a little time to continue . So that because all the blessedness of this life , let them be never so many , never so great , yet they all die with us , when our time is ended : he that could but seriously think , that he hath but a little time to continue below , he will never let his heart be set violently upon them : that is the first Argument . The second , and principle Reason , why the meditation of the shortness of our time should be such a marvellous means to take us off , from all the things of the world is this . Because we shall find work enough in this short time , for things that more concern us . Now the very nature of our soul that God hath put into us , is this that a man cannot intend earnestly and violently , two things at the same time . Let a man for a certain hour wholly be took up with some business , though there were a great many other things , that be could find in his heart to think upon : yet the soul intends that one mainly , and can find no time for the other . This is our case . We have but a little time : but in that little time , admirable is the work we have to do , before this time be spent , if we would give a comfortable account . What have we to do ? I tell you in a word . The main and needfull thing of all that we have to do in this little time here allotted us , is ; How to shoot the gulph of hell : how to make our peace with God : how to get his favour in Christ ; how to have the corruptions of our soul cured and healed ; how to grow up in grace , and to get sure evidence against that day , when all shall stand naked before him , that then we may be found in Christ . Have I ever heard that I have a great work to do , and that I have but a little time to do it in ? Surely then if I seriously think of it , I cannot find in my heart , to let my soul pitch earnestly upon the things below . Beloved , our time here , is the only time we have to make heaven sure . It is the most precious thing that ever we have in the world . Now if a man have such a precious thing , and but a little of it , will he go and spend it for toyes and baubles . It is a thing that the Emperour Caligula is laughed at for , in all Stories . There was a mighty Navy provided , admirable and strange , and all trimmed : and every one expected , that with it , the whole countrey of Greece should be conquered : and so it might have been . But he imploped his souldiers to gather a company of Cockleshells , and Pibbles , and so sayled home . Had not every one cause to laugh at the folly of this Emperour ? Verely , such a fool is every man , and so we would acknowledge , if we would but weigh this : God hath given thee but thus much time , it may be twenty years , it may be but a day or two more : in this time he hath furnished thee with that , which may be a means to conquer heaven it self : now if ●…hou lay out this little , about wife , or children , or to purchase a little wealth , or chese things here below : is it not the greatest folly that may be ? Suppose that a servant hath a great deal of work to do , and knows that he must give an account to his Master thereof , and that if all be not done , that should be done , he can never appear with comfort before his Master ; and he sees also that the Sun draws low , and the day hastneth to an end , do you think that this servant can find time to play ? If a man have much to write , and but a little paper to write in , he must write small and thick , and close as ever he can . So it is with every one of us : ●… warrant you there is not any soul of us , but we shall find so many thousand things to repent of , so many graces to obtain , that we stand in need of : so many evidences or heaven to get , that yet we have not got sealed , so many particulars concerning better life , that a man may wonder that ever any one should find one half day to 〈◊〉 any thing else . Thus you see the reasons , why the serious meditation of the little time we have to continue below , should be a marvellous means to take us off from the world , and to put us upon the study , and thought of better things . Well now , let me briefly apply this unto you ; that so I may come to that I principally intend . Oh that we had learned this excellent lesson , that the Apostle teacheth the Corinths here , what wondrous happy people should we be ? You shall find evermore in the Scripture , the Spirit of God putting the neglect that is amongst men , and carelesness of heaven , and all the wickedness of their lives upon this , the not serious meditation of that small time they have to continue below . If a man come to those that are not brethren , as Saint Paul bespeaks the Corinths in the Text : they will say ; It is true , it is a good point to be prest upon a man that is in a consumption , on one whom the Doctors have given over : to tell him that he cannot continue a week , that his time is short . But for our parts we are but in the beginning of our voyage : it may be , we are but twenty years old : we began but the other day to be furnished with a stock : we are but newly entred : and do you think that we are striking sayle ? Or another , that hath lived forty or fifty years , in the middest of a full trade , that beginneth to get something in the world : do you think that he is striking sayl ? Thus people put it off . Alas ! what is thy time ? What is all thy life ? Let God decide it : doth not he say , it is a vapour , a dream , a tale that is told , like a Ship that sayleth by , and is gone ; and that in the turning or a hand almost ? If thou have no more time of life here , but only while a little sand is running out of a glass , while a Ship is sayling out of sight , while a short tale is told . ( God saith it is no more ) wilt thou account that thy voyage is yet scarcely begun ? I beseech you ( beloved ) all go home , and often think of this point . Say within your selves : How long Lord , am I like to continue below ? and what is there for me to do before I go out of this world ? But the truth is , men dare not think of this : and the Devil laboureth for nothing more in the world then this , to make men put off the serious consideration of the brevity of their lives , and that they have longer time to continue here , then they have : because he knows the truth of this , that I have spoken , that the meditation thereof will stir them up , to make clear all reckonings with God , before they gohence , and he seen no more . You may find this to be true in your own experience , how loath men are to entertain thoughts of their latter end : Go to one that lies sick of a Consumption , and he will tell you : the Docters say , that I may live , and I doubt not but I shall get up again , such a one hath been brought as low as I , and he is recovered , and why may not I ? I once knew one that when the Phisitians came and told him , that he must die : Good Lord ( saith he ) what a deal of work have I to do : I have all my seed to sow : all my evidences to seal , that my soul should he saved , &c. Such thoughts should enter into us now : pitch on them seriously : buckle to them soundly . We may learn this point of wisdome of the divel himself ; He , because he knoweth his time is short , he is so much the fuller of rage and malice ; and plies his work with so much the more eagerness . Wo be to the Inhabitants of the earth , and the Sea , ( Revelat. 12.12 . ) for the divel is gone out amongst men , having great wrath because he knoweth that he hath but a short time : So should we do . Think with thy self : the seventh Angel will come ere long , and sweare by him that liveth for ever and ever , that there shall be no more time ; but GOD will have an account for the time past . What if the Angel should come now and swear ( as ten to one but there is some man or woman in this Congregation , concerning whom GOD hath determined , that they shall have no more time before a week be at an end ) Put the case it should be any ones case , thine or mine , that God should say , Go fetch such a man , I will give him no more time ; It is true , I give him some , but now his voyage is at an end , his sayl is struck : and then we should have all to seek , no Christ , no true faith , no evidence for Heaven ; when we must come and give an account to God. What have you done with all your time ? will God say ? I must have a reckoning of it . And then cometh in , Imprimis , so much time in drinking , so much in revelling , so much in dressing my self every day . And then God shall say ; Were these the things I give you time for ? Did I bestow time on you , for to be spent about such things as these ? No , it was for Heaven . Beloved , how could we answer to these things ? It is good and profitable , seriously to consider of this betimes : say to thy self , I have not long to live , after awhile I must go hence , and be no more : I must give an account , and a reckoning unto God , of all that I have done , whether it be good or evill . But this is not the principal point I have to speak of , therefore I pass it briefly . I come to the Exhortatiou it self . It remaineth that both they that have wives , be as though thy had none ; and they that weep , as if they wept not ; and they that rejoyce , as though they rejoyced not ; and they that buy , as though they possessed not ; and they that use the world , as not abusing it , &c. In a word : I take the sum of the exhortation to be , as if the Apostle S. Paul had said thus ; Brethren ; you are ready to cast anchor ; trouble not your selves : be stedfast ; gird up the loynes of you minds : let your care be greatest for heaven : as for these things that are here below , if you have wives , be as if you had none ; think , assoon as you are ashoar , you shall have none : if you be sick , or under any cross , or affliction , be as though you wept not : suppose you be as a fellow that is fain to plie the pump all the day , assoon as he is ashoar , he is free : if you rejoyce , if you be in prosperity , if you be as the Master of the Ship that hath great preferment , be as if you rejoyced not : Why ? you are almost come ashoare ; therefore be , as if not in all these . I will briefly open the meaning of all these particulars , and then put all into one point of instruction , and so come further to apply it unto you , as God shall enable me . What therefore is the meaning ? first , Let them that have wives , be as though they had none . To that I answer ; A man that hath a Wife hath two things that another hath not , that hath no wife . The first is , He hath a great deal of joy and comfort : he hath a second self , a loving yoak-fellow ; one in whose Bosome he can pour his heart at any time : one that he can make partaker of all his contentments : one that is willing to help him to carry all his crosses : so in a Wife ( supposing her to be a good Wife ) he hath that comfort that another knows not of . Secondly , he that hath a Wife , hath a great many cares that another hath not : he hath a great deal of fear lest he should leave her in distress : a great deal of care how she , and the children that are begotten by him of her , should be provided for , when he is gone : so that as Saint Paul saith , he cannot but care for the things of the world , how he may give content to his wife . These two things a man hath , that hath a Wife . Now , What is it to be in this , as if he had no wife ? That is this ; In all contentments that come by a wife to use them as if he had none at all : that is , to be moderate , not to glut himself , and to think , now I am a happy man , I need no more , God hath given me such a yoak-fellow , and I have abundant joy in it . But to moderate his heart in this . And for the other thing , for care , and thought how to provide for her and her children : to go on , as if he had no wife and children to provide for : to leave all to God : to go on in his calling in obedience to God , and let God do what he will. And for matter of providing food and rayment , when he is gone , let him even carry himself , as if all the world were gone , when he is gone . This is to have a wife , as if he had none : to be as moderate in the injoying of the contentments that come by his wife : to be as moderate in cares required for a Wife , so moderate in them , as if he had no wife at all to joy in , or to take care for . For the second ; They that weep as if they wept not . That is , for matter of Affliction . One man cometh out , and he exceedingly glorieth in his happiness that he hath a wife . Another complaineth : no man is so full of crosses as I : every day one cross after another : no man hath such children : such a husband : such an estate , so poor , so afflicted , so weak : ever groaning and complaining . Now , saith Saint Paul : be as if not , in weeping . That is , let the thoughts of the neereness of the shoar make you so contented , as if there were no cross at all lying upon you . For ( I still follow the Metaphor the Spirit of God useth ) he that is the poorest man in the Ship , he that doth nothing but dress the sayles , and ( as I said before ) ply the pumpe , and it may be is beaten withal : yet in the midst of all these , he thinketh , I shall by and by cast Anchor , and though I work hard , yet one hour more will make me free . So it should be with us , in all afflictions , as if not : that is , Think , Death will come and end all , I am sick in body , I am crost in my good name , in my yoak-fellow : Well Death will end all these , I have but a little while ro tarry in this world , and short things must not be tedious . On the other side ; He that rejoyceth , as though he rejoyced not . That is , in all the contentments of the world : in all the joy a man hath in the things below : as suppose a man have an estate here , and credit given him , or any thing that makes the world account a man happy ; Remember , all these things will be gone assoon as I die : as ( still to use the comparison ) let it be the Master of the Ship , he may think with himself : all these are under me , I can command them , and punish them if they disobey : yet as soon as I am out of the Ship , they are as good as my self . I am now neer the shoar , and shall be soon out of the place I am in , let me therefore moderate my self . So let us in all worldly contentments be so moderate , as if we should take our leaves of them , and they of us . And so for a man , to be as though be possest not . That is , for a man not to inlarge his heart , as the world is enlarged . But if I have now so many pounds , and therewith buy such a purchase , and such a purchase : let me live , and carry my self in my thoughts , as if I had nothing but food and rayment . And then , lastly cometh in the main of all the rest : They that use the world , as not abusing it . By world he means , all the good things of the world , all that I named before , and all that you can else think of ; Wife , and children , prosperity , and adversity , every thing on the right hand , and on the left , all cometh within the compass of the World : use all these things so . But especially he aimeth at worldly businesses , the things we are exercised about : do them as not abusing them , as not letting your hearts be set too much upon them : but be temperate and moderate in all , that we may ever be fit for that great service that God hath to imploy us in . Now , out of all these put together : the main Lesson that I would speak of is this ; That the true servants of God , true beleevers : all the blessings and crosses they meet with in this world , they must have them , as if they had them not . This is the point I would open to you . That in wife . children , prosperity , crosses , think what you can , a beleever must be in them , as if not : as if he were not in that condition . To give you for the proof of this any other Scripture then my Text , I suppose I need not : the Apostle Saint Paul ( you see ) layes it down in so many words . Yet , for the better confirmation of the point , I will add to that , two or three other plain places . Only first , I would a little explain to you , what it is for a man to use all these things , as if not . And I cannot for my life , better lay it open to you , then by such a comparison as this . Look how worldly men use the things of heaven : so a heavenly man use the things of the world . To instance in a few duties that I will but name . Suppose it be the duty of prayer . Bring me out a true beleever , and a worldling , let them both be put upon this duty of prayer . The true beleever , his heart , before he goes to prayer , is so full of care , that he may pray aright : so full of fear , lest his heart should not carry it self as it should , when he is in the duty : his heart is so violently bent to it : it so strugleth and striveth , that he may do it , as may please God. When he hath done , he hath much joy and comfort , if he have carried it well : and much sorrow and griefe , if he have carried it ill . Thus a religious heart carrieth it self in this duty . Now a worldly man doth the duty too : but how ? as if not : that is , he hath none of this care before he cometh to it : he hath none of this trouble when he is at it : he hath none of this perplexity , when he hath done , if he have miscarried in it , if he be able to come off , it is well enough , though it be performed in never so ill a manner : Why ? his mind is after other things , he intends greater matters , as he thinks . The Minister hath taught him to pray , and he can say his prayers , and so he doth the duty , but still , as if not . Or again , suppose a man whose heart is set upon Mammon , put this man to recreation ; he may perhaps find time to play at Bowles , or Cards , or Tables with a friend : but how ? he cares not whether he wins or loses : he whiles away the time , but this is not the thing his heart is set upon , that giveth him contentment : but that which his mind is on , is his commodities , his trade , his merchandize , his business in the world . Just thus ( beloved ) it must be with every true beleever in the using of all the things of this life , that is , without care , without fear , without perplexity , without distraction , and if they come on , so : if they go , so : he must be pleased if he have them , and content if he want them : and howsoever , his thoughts must be carried higher and better . To think thus , I am the servant of God , I have a Calling here , I will follow it in obedience to God. I have a Wife , I will use her as a wife should be used : I have children , I will have a care of their education . But I must not come to be distracted , about my calling , about my wife , and children , and servants , and good name , or any thing that is here below . I am here to day , it may please God , I may be gone to morrow : my hearts desire must be , to be content with this that God is my all-sufficient portion : if I be in prosperity , to be , as if not : if in affliction , to carry my self so , that in the middest of sorrow and trouble , to be as if God freed me from all , remembring still that my portion is in another life . Thus you have seen both the lesson arising from the Text , and what that is , that in it is required of every true beleever . And this point I am now to prove , and still I must use the compellation of the Apostle , Brethren , for as for others I have little hope of . I will ( as I promised ) make it plain out of the Scripture , That a true beleever , that would have comfort of it , that he is a true believer , must be , as if not in all the things of this world . There is one eminent place for this purpose , viz. 1 John 4.10 . Saith the Apostle there , Love not the world , nor the things of the world : if any man love the world , the love of the Father is not in him . Hence I argue thus ; He that must so use wife , children , credit , freinds , good name , prosperity , without loving of them , it is likely he useth them as if not : for love is the great wheel that setteth all the faculties awork : Now the Spirit of God doth directly forbid all Christians to love the world , or the things of the world , ( as they do ) the Scripture absolutely injoyneth that we should not love them , that is , that our hearts must not be fixed on them . Another place you have likewise in Colloss . 3.1 . Set not your affections on things below . Now ( as I said before ) if any man do any thing , that his affections are not upon , that he doth not love , and joy , and delight in , that he doth not take care for , and the like , certainly that man useth it as if not : but so must every true beleever , use the things of the world so , as that he must not set his affections upon them . Other Scriptures I might give you , to make good this point , but I am somewhat afraid to be straitned . Two or three arguments I will add to make it plain , Why every true beleever must be as if not , in all these things . First , because all the things in this world ( which are contained in the Text ) they are all but empty poor things to a beleever . To another man who makes them his God ( in his conceit ) they are full ; but to a true beleever these things are well known to be but empty things . I need give you no better proof to make this evident , then that which followeth in the Text : For the fashion af this world passeth away . The fashion of the world , What is that ? That is , a thing that is a shew without a substance . Nay , the world signisieth , such a fashion , as is in a Comedy , or stage-play , where all things are but for a while to please the eye : A man it may be acts the part of a King , that is no better then a begger or a varlet : so all things in the world are no better then shadowes and empty , like a piece of a stage-play : and no marvel if beleevers that know this use them , as not . Secondly , another argument why beleevers must in all these things use them as if not , is , because they are none of a beleevers , and being none of his , it is a meer folly for him , to set his heart upon them . How are they none of his , you will say ? First , for the truth of it , these things below , they belong to the men of this life : but the treasure and estate of a Beleever is laid up in another life ; he is but as a stranger and pilgrim here below , and therefore they are none of his . And then likewise they are none of his , because he hath resigned them all up to God , in the day when he made the bargain for Christ . For when we come to be Christs , we must sell all to buy that Pearl , and in selling all , we sell not only our corruptions and lusts , but wives and children , and pleasures , and credit , and all : we have them not now to have and to hold , to do what we will with them : but now that we have Christ , we return all to him , and have them as Coppy-hold , to be tenants at will to that great Land-lord : we have only a little time in them . And if it be so , that every beleever hath no more to do in this world but thus : that he is meetly at the pleasure of God , and can properly call nothing his own , but God and Christ , then certainly , he must use all these things as if not . Conceive it thus . A Traveller , goeth a long journey , hee cometh at night to his Inn , when he is there , he is woundrous glad , of his table , of his bed , of his fire , of his meat and drink , and every thing , and he is woundrous welcome ; but he doth not so delight in them , as the Host of the house , who is living there , and is right owner , and hath the whole estate : No , he only resteth there for a night after his weary journey , but on the morrow , God be with you , then he is gone . So a worldly man , he may say here is my estate , here is my stock , all that I have is laid up here . But a beleever saith , I am now in my journey , I am here , no other , then a pilgrim , my home is in Heaven , and while I am passing through this pilgrimage ; If I have a piece of meat in my hunger , and a cup of drink in my thirst , and clothes in my nakedness , there is all that I care for . Thirdly , the last and the main Argument to prove that every true beleever must be , as if not , in all the things of this world ; is , because if he be any otherwise in them , hee will be so intangled , that he shall not be fit for the service of God. And this third Argument will be of the greatest force to a true beleever . For the other two , you will say , if they be none of mine , why do I meddle with them ? and if they be empty , why likewise do I meddle with them ? But now thirdly , if I meddle with them , they will make me directly that I shall not be a Christian , they will hinder me from the service of my God ; this will make a beleever of all things , to look about him . The Apostle saith directly , that none that warreth intangleth himself : that is thus : Suppose a man have received press-money to go a souldier , will he be so mad as to lay out his money upon a Farm in the Countrey , when upon the command of his Captaine , upon pain of death , he must follow presently . Beloved he that intangleth himself with the things of the world , and of the flesh , if his wife , his pleasures , his credit , or any thing have taken up his heart : or if sorrows and afflictions drink up his spirits , and eat up his very soul ; when God calls this man now to come to prayer , to come to the Church , to hear his Word , to fight against his lusts , or to do any duty , alas ! his head , his heart , and all , are eaten up , with his Farme , with his oxen , with his wife , with his crosses and afflictions : so that he is altogether unfit for any service that God hath called him to . Therefore ( saith Saint John ) he that intangleth himself with these things below , he cannot possibly have the love of the Father dwelling in him . This shall suffice for the clearing of the point , I have spent the more time in it , because I would fain lay as good a foundation as I might , that the Application may take the deeper impression in your hearts . We that live in the Country , when we come up by occasion into the City , and here see all men so full of trouble , every man so toyled in his work , so full of business , and so little time taken for any thing else , me thinks that such a point as this to Brethren , to beleevers , should be of special use . Now ( beloved ) this is the sum of that I have to say ; Be in all these things , as if not . Shall we all resolve , as obedient children to carry this point home , and examine indeed , and in truth , whether we be in these things , as if not . But alas what shall I say ? I remember a story of one Thomas Lennot , a learned English-man , who reading once in the fifth , sixth , and seventh Chapters of S. Mathews Gospel , how our Saviour Christ faith ; You have heard how it hath been said of old , you must do thus , and thus ; but I say unto you , you must love your enemies , pray for them that curse you , do good to them that hate you , and persecute you ; and so he goeth on in injoyning such strange duties to flesh and bloud . He breaks out ; Oh Jesus , either this is not thy Gospel , or we are not Christians . Truly ( beloved ) I would to God a Minister might not have just cause to say so in this point , that when he cometh , and reads this of the Apostle ; It remains ( brethren ) that he that hath a wife , be as if he had none ; he that useth the world , as not abusing it : and he that buyeth , as if he possessed not , &c. And must it be thus , if we mean to be Christians ? I would to God ( I say ) a man might not break out , and say ; Oh Paul , either thou art not the writer of this , or we are no Christians . We talk and prosess it in words , that we purpose to do it but , if we come to the deed , and the truth , it is clean contrary , we are not at all moderate in the use of these things . In matters of Heaven , and in things that concern our everlasting welfare , where God would have us take the kingdome of heaven with violence : Where we should cry out as the Horse-leach his daughter ; Give , give , and never say it is enough : We are even like children that go to school , that care not how little they have for their money , In hearing , if the Sermon be but half an hour , we think it enough : and in prayer , and in conference , a little will serve the turn . Like the Jesuit , that when he thought he had a revelation , he cryed out , Satis Domine , enough Lord ; I have revelation enough : So we in matters of Religion , Enough Lord. But turn us to wives , to children , to cloaths , to honours , to preferments , to riches , to ease , to pleasures , and the like ; there we are as the barren womb , that never faith it is enough . Brethren , is it not thus ? But me thinks I should bring you some particular instances to convince you , that it is thus : and I would to the Lord I could throughly convince you of it , that thus it is with you . But to instance a little . Suppose now , a man comes and meets with a Citizen in his business , and say to him ; How have you spent this day ? Truly ( he will say ) I am so full of business , that I have not time so much as to eat my meat . But I hope , you have been at prayer in your family , have you not ? Alas ( will he say ) I cannot get so much as a quarter of an hours time . Do you call this as if not , brethren ? Come to another , that hath a wise : all his care is for her : oh my wife and children , if I should die , and leave them poor , what should I do ? when I sleep , I dream of them ; when I awake in the morning , my thoughts are of them . Is this to be as if you had no wife and children ? Another , he is ever a complaining and mourning , oh , I have such crosses , I am so full of affliction ; I have lost such , and such friends ; and such , and such an estate : and though I go to Church and hear , such and such comfortable doctrines , one after another , and all telling me , of the all-sufficiency of God , of the comforts and joyes of the Spirit , of the good things that are laid up in Heaven : yet like Rachel , they will never be comforted for their brother , for their sister , for their children , &c. What shall we say to these things ? Do you think the Lord speaks not as he meaneth ? or that the Apostle , when he saith here absolutely and determinatly , that thus and thus you must do if you be Christians , if you be brethren ? Shall we do the contrary to all this , and yet think that all will be well ? I know you may put it off ( many of you ) and alledge many things : we have callings , and we must follow our Callings : if God brings me in imployment , blame me not if I follow it : And I know not how to live , if I do not do thus and thus . But be not deceived , God is not mocked . In a word therefore , to put you on the tryal . If thou findest in the middest of thy trading , and merchandizing , or whatsoever calling thon art of , thy heart daily gathering towards heaven : that thou canst say , blessed be God for this , and other commodities , but Christ is my darling : this is good . And then , in these things , if thou hast a care to use them aright , as well as to get them , and to thank God for them , and that thy project is , how thou shalt do good with that thou hast , that thou art alwayes saying with thy self , Lord how shall I do good with so much as I have got by such a bargain . God forbid I should say against thee , though thou be full of business from morning to evening . But alass , there are many good people and godly , that have hope that they serve God , yet if they go home and examine themselves throughly , their own consciences will tell them , that in the things of this world , they are not , as if not ; but rather , that they have been over-careful , and too full of distractions in business . And so for matter of joy : if a man have a little pleasure , or preferment given him ; his heart is so up , that he knows not where he is , he is so transported , that he hath clean forgot himself . This cannot stand , this is not to be , as if not : and therefore I beseech you in the fear of God think of it . Now if a man would know , how he should come to have his heart in a good temper , to be in these things , as if not . In one word , let me tell you that rule of Saint Paul. In all things be filled with the Spirit , and then thou wilt not take thought much for other things : if once you let your souls be filled with the things of a better life : then wife , and children , and wealth , and pleasures , or any thing else , will not draw away your heart . Get a good hand-fast of Jesus Christ : work out your salvation , and that you may know that you are beleevers upon good grounds , and that you have the graces of the Spirit of God in you , indeed , and in truth , that you are new creatures . And then often think of the rare things that are provided for you in another life . What ; to have God to be your Father , and Angels your keepers , to be children , to be the companions of Angels . Weigh these things daily , and then you will be , as if not , in all these outward and worldly things . And untill thou dost this : and thinkest withall of that I have formerly said , that thou art ready to strike sayle , I will never beleeve that thou wilt be , as if not . This is the second thing . A word or two of the Third , and so I have done . And that is the Spur that the Apostle Saint Paul useth . And it is necessary he should use such a spur , for it is a very hard lesson . If you would be , as if you were not , consider this ; The fassion of the world passeth away . That is , it signifieth ( I touched it before ) such a fashion as is on a stage : All these things below , they are but as the Acting of a Comedy , as a Scaene , it may be it is done in half an hour , and though it make a fine shew , yet in truth there is no substance in it . There is one , it is a fashion : besides , it passeth away . So then in this spur , there are two things . I will but name the heads . First , That the things of the world , ( all that I named before ) are but a shew without a substance ; Even as a Scaene or Comedy , things that have a glorious glittering shew to the eye , but if you look indeed and in truth upon them , there is no such matter . That is one thing that I note , that our life is but as the acting of a part in a Comedy : and so by consequence , in all these outward things , thy contentment in wife , or children , or credit , or pleasures , thou dost but act a glorious part , it may be thou hast a goodly outside , fine clothes , rich apparel , an outward representation of comfort , but look thorow them , and there is no such matter . But the second thing which I rather would presse , is , that it is suddenly gone ; it passeth away , saith the Apostle . As a man hath but a little time to tarry in the world , so all the things he enjoyeth in the world , are wondrous inconstant . That look as it is in a Play , he that now acts the part of a King , it may be next , he may act the part of a Begger : or as it is with some of your delicate fashions , that while you are speaking of them , the fashion is spoyled . Even so , the fashion of this world it will not continue . That is the sum of that I desire you to take notice of : that if you will not be perswaded by me , or by the Spirit of God in his unworthy minister , to use the things of this world morderately , and carry your selves as you ought in crosses and afflictions : yet know this , that the fashion of these things will shortly be spoyled . And if they be all so unconstant , what a fool art thou to set thy heart upon them ? We may learne this wisdome from the foolery of our English Nation , esteemed now the idlest people of the world for changing their fashion . They will never make clothes twice of one fashion , but one gown of this fashion , and another of that , and though he be never so good a Taylor that makes it , yet he must make no more of the same fashion , but the next Terme , they will come to another . Learn , I say , this wisdome from that foolery : Now , the Lord giveth thee comfort in thy wife , set not thy heart too much upon her , the next Term the fashion may change : Now , thou art rich , let not thy heart dote upon thy riches , it is but a fashion , a shew , it passeth away , to morrow thou maist be a begger : to day a man , to morrow none . But if thou wouldest keep the fashion , get the fashion of grace , get a right to heaven , an interest in God , and be content ( in Gods name ) to follow his fashion . If the fashion that God will have thee be in , be to be an humble dejected man , be content with that fashion : if anon he will have thee on the topp of the wheel of prosperity , thank God for it , take heed of abusing the things thou enjoyest . Remember the things of this life are inconstant things ; as a flower , as a nosegay , that seemeth as a dainty fine thing , but while we are smelling at it , and praising it , it withereth away ; so is it with all these things . I would I could tell how to speak home to your souls : and yet I know that little I have spoken , if it be entertained with faith , if you beleeve this to be the truth of God , not as the speech that a man makes to you , but as the speech of Saint Paul , an Apostle of Christ , that sets it down by the direction of God , that it is thus : I say , if you lay down this as a truth that comes from God , and seriously think with your selves ; I have but a little time to tarry here below , and when I am out of the world , I shall live for ever in heaven or in hell : while I do enjoy the things of this world , God will have me to be , as if not , in them : and there is good reason why , they are shewes , and not substances : Grace and the favour of God is only that which is substantial , whatsoever you look upon that is under these , are but shewes : riches , and honour , and worldly contenments they are but shadows , like one in a play , that is but a Peasant under the coat of a King , these have but only outsides , under them there is no such matter . This I say which I have spoken , being seriously considered , and faithfully received , may ( through the blessing of God , and your own prayers to God to teach you this ) be a means to moderate you in the use of all those things that are here below . SECURITY SURPRIZED OR THE DESTRVCTION OF THE CARELESSE . SERMON XII . 1 THES . 5.3 . For when they shall say , peace , and safety : then sudden destruction cometh upon them , as travail upon a woman with child , and they shall not escape . IN the latter part of the Chapter going before , the blessed Apostle St. Paul , ( to the end that he might draw those to whom he wrote , from immoderate sorrow for them that were departed this life : ) revealeth to them certain comfortable truths , concerning the Resurrection from the dead , telling them that death it self is but as a sleep , whence they shall be raised at the last day , by the voyce of the Arch-angel , &c. In the beginning of this Chapter , he prevents an objection that some might make . For , having fallen upon the discourse of the Resurrection , he well knew the curiosity of mans nature , that leaves those things that are most profitable , to enquire after such things that God hath hid , and therefore some men might say ; Since there shall be such a time , and such a change ; when will those times and seasons be ? When shall that great day of the Resurrection come , when all shall be brought together ? Of the times and seasons brethren ( saith the Apostle ) ye have no need that I write unto you , verse 1. As if he should say : this is no needful , no necessary thing for you to inquire into , or for me to tell you : rather let us fall upon those things that are necessary and useful ; for neither you , not I , can tell the particular time when that shall be : yet know this , that very suddenly such a time shall come , and that when the world least thinks of it . The suddenness hereof , he setteth down by a twofold comparison . First , by the coming of a thief in the night : Your selves know perfectly , that the day of the Eord so cometh , as a thief in the night , vers . 2. Secondly , by the travail that cometh upon a woman with child : When they shall say , peace , and safety , then sudden destruction cometh upon them , as travail upon a woman with child , and they shall not escape , This latter , is that I have made choyce of at this time for my Text. A little for the explanation of the words ; v When they shall say , peace , and safety . The Apostle intendeth not to condemn , either the speaking of peace to the children of peace : or their rejoycing in that peace they have . But that which he condemneth , is , that they cry peace to themselves , whom God denounceth war against : Men that go on in a course of sinning , and in security : and yet will perswade themselves , that all shall be well with them in the end ; these are the men upon whom Death shall come thus suddenly , and upon whom the Judgment day shall come thus unexpected . When they shall say , peace , and safety ; that is , when they are living in their sins , walking on in their rebellions against God , and shall yet be flattering themselves , that it shall be well with them not withstanding this , then shall Judgment come upon them , then sudden destruction cometh . By destruction here , he meaneth not , the destruction of the body or the soul , the destruction of their beeing . For the Soul even after the death of the body shall have a beeing : and the body also shall be restored again to its beeing and parts , in the resurrection from the dead , It were happy for wicked and ungodly men , if there should be such a destruction of there beeing , as that they should cease to be any more : for then this body , the members whereof have been the servants of sin , should not be tormented in Hell : and then this Soul of theirs , that hath set all the body on work in the service of sin , it should not be sensible of that anguish that shall cause gnashing of teeth . It were well ( I say ) for them if there should be such a destruction : it is that which if they might have their desire , they would wish above all things in the world . But it will not be such a destruction , it shall be worse with them . It shall only be the destruction of their joy , and comfort , of all their contentments , of all those things wherein they solaced , and flattered themselves upon earth : all these things shall be destroyed . Their riches that fed their lusts shall be destroyed : and their company that incouraged them in sin , shall be destroyed : and all things wherein they have delighted themselves here upon earth , shall be destroyed : the whole earth shall be burnt with fire before them . And beside this , that same chearfulness of spirit , and that free disposition , whereby they incouraged themselves in the wayes of their pride , or whatsoever else it was , that made them seem some body on earth ; all this shall cease and fail them , and forsake them . There shall be no mirth , no wisdom , no courage , no friends , no wealth , no houses , no apparrel , nothing to pride and delight themselves in , there shall be an utter destruction of all these things . Then shall destruction come upon them . As pain upon a woman with child . This sheweth the manner , the kind of their destruction that shall come upon them . It shall be first , a sudden destruction : it shall not give them warning , either of the time or place : as it falleth out with a woman with child , her travel may come upon her , in the street , at the table , when she is talking , &c. So shall destructiou come suddenly upon them , they shall have no more warning then these general warnings , that they have in the preaching of the Word . Secondly , it shall be a painful destruction , full of misery and sorrow , as travail on a woman with child . And then thirdly ; It shall be an inevitable destruction , such a destruction as they shall never avoid . All their wit , friends , power , strength , wealth , or whatsoever else they have , cannot put off the stroke of Judgment that shall come upon them : as all the devices a woman hath , cannot make her escape her travail , when it cometh . So then the meaning of the words are , as if the Apostle should have said ; When wicked and ungodly men , in a course of sin shall crie peace to themselves , and flatter themselves in their rebellious courses , then shall a sudden , a painful , an inevitable destruction , of all their comfort , of all their props , and hopes , and helps , fall upon them . In the words , you have a twofold description . First of the state and condition of the men of the world , when Christ shall come to Judgment . He shall find all the world at rest . As the Angel that stood among the myrtle trees , spake in the 1 Zachar. 11. We have walked to and fro through the carth : and behold all the earth sitteth still , and is at rest . He shall find all the men of the world in peace : every man applauding himself in some vain conceit , in some hope and considence or other . They shall cry peace . Secondly , here is the consequent that followeth upon the vain flattery of themselves : Then shall destruction come upon them . And that destruction is farther described and amplified by a comparison taken from a woman with child , to declare the suddainness , the painfulness , the unavoidableness of it . Thus you have the opening of the words . Let us now come to the points of instruction that may be raised hence . First , here you may see , and he that runs may read it , that , They are most secure , that are in least safety . A man is in the greatest danger , when he is in the greatest security . Then a mans Judgment is neerest , when he least thinks of it , when he least freareth it . This is the very thing that the holy Ghost would have us to take notice of here : At that very time , not before that time , they shall crie peace : Nor after the time when they had done it , and repented of it : But just at the very time , when they are in the middest of their sins , applauding of their own estate , living under the power and guilt of sin , then cometh the destruction upon them , and they shall not escape . Thus far the text . That we may make the point clear , before we come to prove it , give me leave , first briefly to tell you what we mean by that security , which is upon men even in their chiefest dangers . Know therefore , that there is a twoford security , A holy , spiritual , Security . A sinful , carnal , Security . There is first , a holy and spiritual security ( and that even in this state where into we are fallen ) which consisteth in a mans reconciliation with God , when he is in termes of peace with him , having obtained remission of his sins , and his favour through Jesus Christ ; so that God is pleased with him in his Son , hath received him into the Covenant of grace , interested him into all the promises , and is become his God by a Covenant for ever . Now here a man may be secure , yea , and he must be so in a spirituall manner . Confidence upon the goodness of God in Christ , upon the promises of God in the Gospel , is that which is requisite in every Chriistian : it is that which God commandeth ; Fear not ( saith he in one place . ) And again , Trust in the Lord. The Scripture is full in a calling for such security as this ; that men should lay aside all those carking , and distracting cares when once they are in the Covenant of Grace , that now they should mind nothing but duty , and not be troubled about success . For ( my brethren ) it is such a security as makes a man not to neglect duty ; but such , as freeth a man from those disquiets of soul about the event of things . This was that which David had , and rejoyced in ; I laid me down in rest and peace , for the Lord keepeth me in safety . This is that which the Lord commanded the people of Israel to doe ; Isa . 26.20 . Come my people , enter thou into thy chamber , and shut thy doors about thee , hide thy self , &c. He would have them secure themselves under his protection , and in his ordinances . This is such a security , as draweth men neerer to God , bringeth them to further acquaintance with God , keepeth them in a constant communion with God , causeth them to walk in Gods presence , &c. This is a good security . But then secondly , there is a sinful carnal security ; that is , when a man yet living in a course of sin , he beareth up his spirit against all fear , either of judgments threatned , or judgments approaching upon him , under a vain hope , of I know not what mercy in God : and of I know not what assurance from men , and upon worldly conceits and flatteries , either from others , or his own heart . Here is now a sinful carnal security , not warranted , but condemned in the word of God. This is the security , that is ever an ill prognosticator , and fore-runner of some heavy judgment , to fall upon that person in whom it is . This is the security that we have now in chase . First then , we will make it appear , that it is an infallible sign , of Gods Judgment upon a person , or a people , to cry peace to themselves , to be secure , and no way troubled at their estate , when God is at war with them . You shall see this in instances and examples . See it in particular persons , and in States and Kingdoms ; and you shall generally find it , that before the destroying judgment came upon them , they have been given up to this security we speak of , this crying of peace upon a false ground . See it in Agag , 1 Sam. 15.13 . The bitterness of death is past . But was it past ? Nay , at that very time , the bitterness of death was upon him , for the very next thing that we meet withall in the Story is , that Agag was hewen in pieces before the Lord in Gilgall . Ye have Belshazzar in Dan. 5. wondrous secure , carrowsing , and quaffing in the holy vessels that were taken out of the Temple of the house of God which was at Jerusalem , amongst his Princes and Nobles , his Wives and his Concubines , as if there would be no change of his estate , and translation of his Empire . But what ? was it so ? Nay , at that very time , the very same hour ( faith the text , verse 5. ) came forth fingers of a mans hand , and wrote upon the plaister of the wall of the Kings Pallace , Mene , Mene , Tekell , Upharsin . Thou art laid in the ballance , and art found too light , thy kingdom is divided , and given to the Medes and Persians : and immediatly , In that very night ( vers . 30. ) was Belshazzer King of the Caldeans slain ; he was took away from all his comfort and jollity . See this in the Rich man , Luke 12.19 . Soul , soul ( faith he ) take thine ease , eat , drink , and be merry : and why so ? was it because his sonl indeed was washed in the bloud of Christ ? Nothing less . But , take thine ease , thou hast goods laid up for many years , thou art well provided against a hard Winter , against a dear year , now take thine ease . Well , what of this ? had his soul any whit the more ease ? had he many years to enjoy that which he had laid up for many years ? Nay , mark the answer of God ( verse 20. ) Thou fool , this night thy soul shall be taken from thee ; then whose shall those things be , that thou hast provided ? It is ordinary ( as Job noteth of worldly men ) thus to flatter themselves : They spend their dayes in wealth , and in a moment go down to the grave . They spend their dayes in wealth : this is that they resolve upon while they live upon earth , they will be merry , and enjoy their wealth , and worldly contentments to the height , and want nothing , but in a moment , while they are in the middest of these thoughts of raising a happiness to themselves out of their worldly estate , in the middest of these thoughts they go down to the grave . So it is also in Nations and States . See it in two particulars in the 17. Luke . That of the old world ; That of Sodome and Gomorrah ; They were eating and drinking , and building , and planting , and marrying , and giving in marriage , till the flood came upon the one , and fire and brimstone upon the other , till sudden destruction came upon both , according to my Text. Yee shall have Jerusalem in the same case . Their Prophets are flattering them and crying peace , peace , as Jeremy tells them , Chap. 6.14 , 15. They heal the hurt of the daughter of my people slightly , saying peace , peace , when there is no peace . Were they ashamed when they had committed abomination ? Nay , they were not ashamed , neither could they blush ; therefore they shall fall among men that fall at the time that I visit them , they shall be cast down , saith the Lord. Mark the Prophets cry peace ; It had been well done of the Prophets to cry peace to those Israelites , that in truth were at peace with God : but they cry peace to them , to whom there was no peace . What then ? Did the people reform ? did this make those that before were rebellious against God , come in and accept of the conditions of peace , and forsake their sins , and turn to God ? No such matter , nay though their sins were reproved by Jeremiah , and other faithful Prophets , yet they were not ashamed , when they had committed abomination , and they could not blush ; they stood it out , they remained in their impenitency . Well , what of this ? Therefore ( faith the Lord ) they shall fall amongst them that fall , in that day , at that time , they shall be dostroyed , they shall be cast down , they shall cease to be a people ; at least , they shall cease to be men prevailing above other people . In the first of Zephaniah . vers . 12. ye have the Lord saying there , that he will visit Jerusalem with lights , and search it with candles . What to do ? to find out the men that are frozen on their dreggs , that are settled on their lees ; that say in their heart , the Lord will not do good , neither will he do evil . Why will the Lord visit Jerusalem with lights , to find out these men ? He meeteth with the conceit , that such men as these have , they think ( as the Athiests in Job ) that God is circled in the clouds , and seeth not the things below , or as those in this Prophesie of Zephany , that said , The Lord sees not , neither doth he regard . Why doth he not so ? Because he wants light . Well then ( faith the Lord ) I will bring candles to see with , and visit Jerusalem with lights : and whosoever he spies out amongst all the sinners in Israel , he will be sure to meet with those that say , The Lord sees not ; that are settled on their dreggs , that secure themselves under false perswasions , they shall not escape his wrath ; Gods greatest quarrel is against those men that flatter themselves , as if God did not take notice of their sins , he will surely punish those : it is for their sakes , why he will bring candles to search Jerusalem with . It was so with Babylon , Isa . 47.8 , 9. The Lord observeth her boasting ; I am ( saith she ) a Queen , I sit as a Lady , I shall neither see loss of children nor widdowhood . Mark now what God saith , Heare now this , thou that art given to pleasures , and dwellest carelesly , both these shall come upon thee , loss of children , and widdowhood ; all thy props , and all thy staies shall be taken from thee , yea , and that in one day , in a moment , when thou least thinkest of it , suddenly thou shalt be husbandless , and childless . Nay , it is that which the Lord speaks of Romish Babylon in the 18. Revel . 7. She had heard of the pride and boasting of old Babylon , and she would fain be like it : I sit as a Queen ( saith she too ) and am no widdow , and shall see no sorrow : she stands upon her outward pompe and glory , as worldly-minded men do ( specially when they come to greatness and eminency . ) Well , what will the Lord do ? Therefore ( verse 8. ) shall her plagues come in one day , death , and mourning , and famine , and she shall be utterly burnt with fire , for strong is the Lord God who judgeth her . Thou saist I sit as a Lady , I shall see no change . Well saith the Lord , it shall be indeed a famous Church for something , even for such judgements as shall fall upon it , above all other places : there shall be famine , and death , and burning : Yea , and it shall be done , when all outward means that should bring this to pass , seem to fail , and when Babylon shall seem to advance her self like a Queen above all other Churches , when there is nothing but strength , and might on her side , then shall God do it , for strong is the Lord that judgeth her . He bringeth in this ( strong is the Lord ) to answer an objection . It shall be done for the Church , even then when the advers party thriveth most : then when it may be seen to be Gods own work : then when men are taken off from self-confidence : then when men have none to fix their eyes on , but God , then will God do this for his Church . He saith plainly , that Babylon shall be burnt with fire , and at such a time , when it appeares that it cannot be done , except he put his strength to the work . Thus ye see the security of a people or Nation , or Kingdom , it is an infallible sign of judgement falling upon it , And is must be so , and there is great reason for it . If we either consider the causes of security , whence it cometh : or the concommitants that accompany it ; or the fruits and events of it : it must be that great judgements must befall men , and places , when they are under this carnal security . First look to the causes . Whence is it that men , that are not at peace with God , yet flatter themselves that they shall do well ? It proceedeth from that unbelief , and infidelity , that is in the hearts of men : therefore they flatter themselves ; and pride themselves in things that will not hold them up in the end : I say infidelity is the cause that men are so secure . Did men beleeve the word of God , that every threatning that goeth out of the mouth of God , against any particular sin , should certainly fall upon the head of the sinner , durst they go on in a course of sinning against God ? Durst they add drunkenness to thirst ? one wickedness to another ? No certainly . In that measure a man hath faith ; in that measure he feareth God and his judgements that he hath threatned . See it in Noah , Heb. 11. By faith Noah being warned of God , moved with fear , prepared an Ark. He beleeved the word of God was faithful , that had threatned a judgement upon the world : he beleeved the word of God , that commanded him to provide an Ark for the safety of him and his house , and therefore he feared the Deluge to come , and prepared an Ark. So likewise Josiah , when he read the book of the Law , and saw what was threatned against the sins of the people , his heart melted within him : and why ? because he beleeved that this was the word of God , he beleeved that God would be as true as his Word , therefore his heart melted within him , at the sight of those sins , wherein the people had continued so long a time . Nay , it is made a discription of a beleever in Isa . 61. That he is one that trembleth at Gods word . On the other side : what is the reason why infidelity doth presently bring judgements upon men ? The cause is apparant : infidelity it draweth men from God ; An unbeleeving heart departs from the living God. And when a man departs from Gods presence , God pursueth him with his judgments . All the judgements of God are upon that place , where Gods presence in his graces is not . If I go ( faith David to the uttermost parts of the earth , thou art there : if I go into the deep , thou art there . And how there ? Not only as an observer , but as a punisher ; that is , when men come to this point , to flie from God : Now , unbeleef is a drawing of the soul from God to the creature , therefore it provokes God , for it sets up an Idol in the heart of man , and Idolatry exceedingly provokes God , and therefore he bringeth judgements upon it . Beside that , marke the threatning of the word against this , Deut. 29. When a man heareth the words of this curse , and blesseth himself , and saith , I shall have peace , though I walk in the stubbornness of my own heart , the Lord will not spare that man , but the anger of the Lord , and his jealousie shall smoak against him , and all the plagues that are written in this book , shall be heaped on him . When is that ? when is the time that the wrath of God shall smoak ? At that very time and instant , when he flattereth himself with his vain conceits , that he shall have peace though God threaten judgement , then at that very instant , the wrath of God shall fall upon such a man. In this manner did God deal with the Israelites , in Isa . 6.9 , 10. Make the heart of this people fat , make their ears heavy : and why so ? that they may see , and not perceive ; that they may hear , and not understand ; lest they should be converted , and I should heal them . How long shall this be ? ( saith the Prophet ) till the Cities be wasted without inhabitant , and the houses without man , and the land be utterly desolate . When God giveth over a people to be regardless in hearing the Word , that they hear and do not hear ken , they hear and do not regard , they do not comforme and reform , according to the doctrine delivered , then God intendeth to sweep them away by judgement , that they may be utterly left desolate , as the Text saith . You see then it must needs be a grievous fore-runner of a judgement upon a place , or City , or people , or nation , when they remain impenitent in their sins , and yet cry peace . Again secondly ; If you marke the concommitants , what accompanies that carnal security in the heart of men , and it will appear then , that it must of necessity bring a judgement upon a Land and place . What is that that accompanies it ? A disposition slighting of God himself . When a man , I say , heareth the Word , the judgements threatned : heareth the Law warning him to take heed of wrath : the Gospel alluring him to repent : and yet all moveth him not , but still he flattereth himself : I say here is a disposition slighting God himself . God in all his Attributes is slighted . His power , his wisdom , his justice , his truth is slighted : yea , his mercy , and patience , and long-suffering , all are slighted , when a man in the course of sin goeth on in carnal security . Especially amongst the rest , this is a slighting of Gods patience , and long-suffering , and forbearance of men . Wherefore do men harden themselves against exhortation to repentance , but because they presume upon the continuance of Gods long-suffering toward them ? Mark how the Lord takes notice of this , The forbearance , and long-suffering , the goodness , and mercy of God , should lead thee to repentance ; and therefore God hath forbore thee all this while , that he might bring thee to repentance . But what if he do not ? Thou after thy hardness , and impenitent heart , heapest up as a treasure to thy self , wrath against the day if wrath . What day is that ? The day of the revelation of the righteous judgement of God. As if he should say ; Now you obscure Gods justice and righteousness from others , and from your selves : Well , God therefore will take a time to declare his righteous judgement , for that purpose God hath a day of wrath ; and thy daily going on in sin , against the long-suffering , and patience of God , it doth but add wrath to that day . Thus it is when God hath borne with a man his own self . So it is likewise when God warneth a man by his patience toward others . What hardneth men in security ? Do we not see God hath been merciful to many sinners , why may he not be so to me too ? He gave them repentance after many sins committed , why may he not do so to me ? Mark what Solomon faith , Eccles . 8.11 . Because sentence against an evil doer , or an evil work , is not executed speedily , therefore the heart of the sons of men , is set in them to do evil . This they purpose , they resolve upon , they venture upon : God hath been thus and thus to others , patient and long-suffering , and why may he not be so to them ? Well yet I know ( saith Solomon ) that it shall not go well with them in the end , neither shall the wicked prolong his dayes ; Why ? because he feareth not before God. They are not awakned by the example of his judgement on others , they are not allured by his patience and long-suffering : it doth not make them to fear him : therefore it shall not go well with them in the end . Thirdly , Look to the end , what the consequence of this carnal security is , what followes upon i●… . Where there is carnal security , there must of necessity be an increase of sin , and consequently , a hastening of judgement : for the more sin hastneth to ripeness , the more judgment hastneth also upon the sinner . God hath set unto particular men a certain stint , and it is not known to them , what that stint limited is . Gen. 15.16 . The iniquity of the Amorites , is not yet full . They were a sinful people at that time : but the neerer they came to the fulness , and stint , and limitation that God intended to be the immeditate fore-runner of the judgement , the faster judgement hastneth upon them . So for particular persons , there is a certaine stint limited ( Let every man look to it . ) The adding of one sin more , may by thy uttermost stint , that shall bring the last stroke of judgement , and destruction upon thee . Now ( I say ) this carnal security is that , that increaseth sin upon a man. We know how the security of the Israelites increased their sin upon them . And the security of Sodome , their pride , and idleness , increased the rest of their sins , and consequently hastned on their judgement . In Rom. 3. when there was no fear of God before their eyes ; when there was a neglect of that , there was abundance of wickedness amongst them : and what follows ? then their was nothing but destruction , and calamity in all their ways . I could give you sundry instances of this in the word of God. But I hasten . You see the reason . Let us now come to make some use of it , that we may not be prevented . We have told you , that it is true of States and Kingdoms , of particular persons , of every man , that when in a course of sin , and impenitency , they cry peace to themselves , then judgement and destruction is comming upon them . It serveth therefore to inform us , what to think of our selves , of the estate of this Land wherein we live : of these times wherein we are fallen . What can we expect , when we consider to what a height of sin we are come ; how impenitent men are : how obstinate and hard-hearted , and stiff-necked against the voyce of God in the Gospel , and the means of Grace ; but destruction to come upon us ? If we look upon the sins of men , we may perceive even a general ripenesse for judgement . When the sins of the Amorites were full , judgement came upon them . How near the sins of this Land are come to that fulness , we know not , we have cause to fear . We see in other Countries the shaking of the sword upon us : it hath not yet awakened us to fear God. At home , we have had the voyce of the Prophets , the Ministers crying unto us from day to day , to return , lest destruction come upon us : it hath not brought us to return from our sins . We have seen the mercies of God upon particular persons , and families : it hath not awakened men to walk conscionably in their places . We see no reformation , there is rather an increase of sin . And what can we expect there wants ? but one sin , and when that is come , sudden destruction cometh . What is that ? Security . And have we not cause to bewail the general security that is amongst us ? May not the Angel of the Lord return that answer , as he did in the first of Zecha●… ; All the world is at rest ? Go in to the streets , the houses , the shops of men , every man is at rest : no man is troubled about his estate , nor affected with Gods displeasure , either against himself , or the Land we live in . See , is not the Land as secure as they of Laish , or worse ? They were secure , because they did not here of the danger ; of the purpose of the Danites against them : therefore their security was not altogether so culpable and blame-worthy . But I will tell you what security ours is : nay , the holy Ghost hath told us to our hands , Prov. 23.34 . That judgement there , that is threatned against a man that goeth on in sin , seems to be a judgement executed upon us at this time : Thou shalt be as a man that lies down in the middest of the sea , or as he that lies upon the top of a mast . They have striken me , shalt thou say , and I was not sick : they have beaten me , and I felt it not , when I awake , I will seek it yet again . Our security , I say , is like that of a man in the middest of the sea , and yet asleep : as a man upon the top of a mast , and yet asleep . Nay , men not only in danger , out such as have the stroke upon them : They have struken me , and I was not sick ; they have wounded me , and I felt it not . Is it not thus with us , in these dead and secure times that we live in ? And shall we say that we are not asleep ? Hath not the Lord sent the destroying Angel amongst us , that hath smitten thousands in our streets ? and yet we have not felt it . Shall we say we are not in danger ? We are as a man that sleepeth on the top of a mast at Sea : Nay , as a man in the middest of the waves , in a dead sleep , like such as are drunk , and yet we feel nothing . Truly we have little cause to be secure , we have little cause to flatter our selves with vain conceits of peace , and continuance of prosperity , if we look well about us . Where is any man that takes occasion by what he hears abroad , or sees at home , to enter into the reformation of his own house , of his own heart ? It may be some men will say ; It is an unjust tax that you put upon us ; we are not so secure as you speak of . You shall scarse come to any mans table , but they will be talking of the jndgments abroad . You shall scarse meet a man in the streets , but he will leave other occasions , and tell you how ill it goes with the Churches beyond the Seas . You shall scarse meet with one in the field , but all the time is took up with discourse of the evils at home , or troubles abroad . And is this a sign of security ? Alas ( beloved ) this is to be asleep , in the middest of the waves . Every man is in the middest of danger , and yet is secure . How shall that appear ? I will make it appear , by demonstrations and signs , that may convince you before the Lord , that we add this to the rest of our sins , that in the middest of our sins and impenitency , we are secure : and therefore that destruction is coming upon us . What are the signs whereby we may be convinced of security ? I will give you a few , that by those you may see whether the Land , the City , your families , your selves , and all be not asleep , and at rest this day . The first sign shall be this ; When men profit not by the judgements of God. Certainly it is an evident sign of a deep sleep in sin , when neither the afflictions that are upon others , or upon our selves , do any good upon us . Look how God hath smitten others . Hath that awakned us ? You will say that it is a secure child that seeth his brother beaten , for the same fault before his eyes , and yet goeth on in it ; you will say that that is a secure malefactor , that seeth such a person executed before his face , and yet goeth on in the same fellony and thest . And must we not say that we are a secure generation , when we can see our brethren in other Countries , how they have suffered , and yet go on in the very same fins , that we our selves think the hand of God is upon them for ? We can talk of their sins , of their unrighteousness , and in justice , we can talk of their neglect of the Lords day , and other holy duties , and for these we judge them smitten of God. How is it then that we are such our selves ? how is it , that we go on in unrighteousness , in prophaning the Lords day , in neglecting the house of God , and our own families ? have they found such sweetness in these sins , that we walk on in the same ? Is it a pleasant and comfortable thing to be driven from Gods house , and from our own houses ? to be a reproach to all the world ? If we think that the hand of God is upon them for these sins , how is it that we are not awaked ? I remember Daniel in the fifth Chapter of his Prophesie , taxeth Belshazzar for this : though thou knowest ( saith he ) how the hand of God was upon thy father , for this , and this , yet thou hast done the like , and hast not humbled thy heart . So may I say ; You have kown what God hath done to your brethren in other Countries , yet you do still the same your selves , for the which they have been punished . Is not this security ? Look likewise upon our selves , and we shall see a general neglect of those judgements of God , that have been upon our selves . How hath God smitten this Land ? this Citie eipecially , with the Pestilence ? and may we not say , we have been smitten , and yet have not felt it ? is not this security , and a dead sleep ? God threatneth those in Jer. 31.9 . That escaped the pestilence , that they should fall by the sword , by the hand of Nebuchadnezar : Why so ? because they did not reforme , and amend by the pestilence . What cause have we then to fear , lest we fall into the hands of the sword of some Nebuchadnezar or other , when the pestilence hath done no more good amongst us , when it hath not awakened , & reformed us ? Look upon our selves , upon your houses , upon your dealings , your company , your conversations ; see if there be any reformation , since there was such a mortal calamity , as drove you from the Citie , and frighted you from your own houses , and from the house of God. Well : these are fearful presages , that when former Judgements prevail not , worser are a coming . I have smitten them ( saith God in the fourth of Amos ) with cleanness of teeth , and yet they have not returned unto me : What then ? I have smitten them with blasting and mildew , and yet they have not returned unto me : What then ? I have smitten them with the pestilence , after the manner of Egypt , and yet they have not returned unto me : What then ? Therefore I will come against them ; and because I will do this , prepare to meet thy God , Oh Israel . As if he should say ; I have now stood out , and tryed you , at one or two weapons , and found you obstinate and rebellious : I have stroke at you with the sword of Famin ; I have shot at you the Arrows of pestilence ; I have smitten you with other judgements . You should now meet me ; if not , I have more weapons yet ; I will come and bid the battel against you , and it shall appear who is the stronger , you or I : And since you will stand out against me , notwithstanding the Judgements executed upon others , and afflictions upon your selves , see if you can stand out against my last stroke : you have escaped some lesser sicknesses upon your own bodies ; you have escaped the Pestilence already ; but you shall find it a hard taske , when God biddeth battel , to escape his last stroke , if you will not now be reconciled , and come in , and seek his face . This is the first demonstration , whereby it appears , that we are sinfully secure , which is a fore-runner of Judgement , because we are not awakened by the Judgements of God upon our selves and others . Secondly , another sign is this ; The contempt of Gods ordinances : the slighting of the Prophets . This is an evident demonstration that we are under this carnal security I now speake of . Mark how the Lord describeth a people whom he meaneth to destroy , Zach. 7.11 , 12. They refused to hearken , and pulled away the shoulder , and stopped their ears , that they should not hear : Yea , they made their hearts as an Adamant stone , lest they should hear the Law , and the words which the Lord of hosts hath sent in his spirit by the former Prophets : therefore came a great wrath from the Lord of hosts . A great wrath , what is that ? Therefore ( vers . 13. ) it is come to passe , that as He cryed , and they would not hear , so they cryed , and I would not here , saith the Lord of Hosts . Well ( beloved ) little do you know what time , and wayes God hath to make you cry , and roar in the anguish of your hearts , because of Judgements and afflictions , when you will not now hear God , that striveth with you , and cries unto you with the voyce of his Spirit in his Prophets from day to day . When men will not hear God speaking to them in his Word , it is alwayes a fore-runner of judgement . In the sixth of Amos , the Lord challengeth his people , and telleth them , that he had used many means for their reclaiming , but nothing would do them good : well now ( saith he ) hear the rod , and him that hath appointed it : As if he should say : there is no more dealing with you with the Word , but I must come with the rod , with judgement . Is it not thus with us at this day ? May not the Lord say of us , as he did of the people in Jeremies time ? You have forsaken my law which I set before you , and have not obeyed my voyce , neither walked therein , but have walked after the imaginations of your own heart . And then what follows ? Therefore , thus saith the Lord of hosts , Behold , I will feed this people with Wormwood , and give them water of gall to drink , and I will send a sword after them , till I have consumed them . Do not many cry out , as they in Jer. 23.33 . What is the burthen of the Lord ? Where is it that the Ministers have not been threatning judgement , and telling you that God is coming out to be avenged upon a sinful nation ? have they not been crying thus , this seven , ten , twenty years ? Where is that burthen of the Lord ? Well , you shall find what it is , when the day of the Lord cometh , a day of blackness and terrour : it hasteneth : and this very security is an evident sign thereof : even as in the dayes of Noah , that Preacher of righteousness : and in the dayes of Lot , that vexed his soul with the unclean conversation of the Sodomites ; they would not beleeve their words , but they seemed unto them , as if they mocked ; and then came the judgment of the Lord upon them . If this be not the estate of this Land at this day , what means the complaints , the heaviness of the spirits of the Prophets ? What means their tears and cries , and prayers , because of the obstinacy , and hard-heartedness of people that will not be drawn from their sins by any means ? This is a second evidence or sign , when all this crying and calling will not awaken , that we are in a deep sleep of security . Thirdly , another evidence is , the vain hopes of this Land. It is a signe of carnal security , and that we are all in a dead sleep , when we have such idle dreams out of idle fancies , and vain confidence that delude and deceive men . What do men rest on , to secure , and perswade themselves of immunity from wrath and impunity ? Certainly this , that we have the ordinances of God amongst us . Oh the Temple of the Lord , the Temple of the Lord. Alas , had not the people of Israel the Ark ? and yet the Philistims took the Ark , and slew the sons of Eli. Had they not the Temple ? and yet the Lord in Jer. 7.11 . Sendeth them to Shiloh . Go ye now unto my place which was in Shiloh , where I set my name at the first , and see what I did to it , for the wickedness of my people Israel . And now because you have done all these works , saith the Lord , and I spake unto you rising early , and speaking , but you heard not ; and I called unto you , but you answered not . Therefore will I do to this house , which is called by my name , wherein you trust , as I have done to Shiloh . Had not the Churches of Asia , the golden Candlestick ? and yet are they not now tributary to the Turk ? The ordinances of God ( beloved ) are means to increase , and hasten a judgment , when we shut our eyes , and will not open them , but walk in darkness . Oh but there was never so many Preachers , nor so many means : there seems to be a new spring of the Gospel : there are abundance of men that come daily furnished for the Ministery , and are zealous and forward , and powerful Prophets , and the like : and therefore it is a sign that much good is intended towards us , and that no judgment shall come . But do we not read that immediatly before the seventy years captivity , there were more Prophets then in many years before ? Why should we rest in such things as these ? But nevertheless we have many good people that are full of prayers and tears , and they shall deliver the Island . It is true , there are many ( blessed be God ) and we have cause to wish that there were many more : and to say as Moses said to Joshuah , when he would have had him forbid Eldad and Medad , that prophesied in the Camp of the Israelites ; Would God that all the Lords people were Prophets , and that he would put his spirit upon them . So we , of such godly men that walk with an upright heart : would God that there were many such . But yet are not these as Lillies among Thorns ? a few amongst many men ? Are not these the objects of reproach , and contempt amongst an unrighteous generation ? Who are the men that are cryed down most by the world , that are most opposed , and injured by all men ? Are not these they that support the land by their prayers , and hold up all by their standing in the gap ? May we not rather fear that God will avenge the quarrel of his servants upon an ungracious , and ungrateful people they live amongst ? What shall we speak of other things ? Did no Bozrah , in Jer. 49.16 . boast her self of her scituation , that she dwelt in the clefts of a rock ? Saith God ; though thou hidest thy self in the clefts of the rock , though thou shouldest make thy nest , as high as the Eagle , I will bring thee down from thence . It is not talking that our Island is scituate in the Sea , and environed with walls : Judgment can leap over the Sea as well as the pestilence hath done our walled Towns. It is a vain thing , and yet if you hearken to the discourse of most men , you shall see that this is that that keeps them secure . Or it may be , as some in Isa . 48.15 . We ( say they ) have made a covenant with death , and with hell are we at agreement , when the overflowing scourge shall pass thorow , it shall not come unto us . Well ( saith the Lord ) your covenant with death shall be dissanulled , and your agreement with hell shall not stand , when the overflowing scourge shall pass thorow , then you shall be trodden down by it . When judg ment cometh , of all the people in the world it shall certainly meet withyou . What mean these idle dreams , and vain-conceits , that when we go on in an unreformed condition , and in a course of sin and impenitency : yet because you have the Ministers , and the ordinances , and the people of God amongst us , because we are convenient for scituation , and such like things . These are vain things , they will do us no good at that time : and for the present , they shew our security , our horrible security . Fourthly , take another evidence , and that is , the abounding of the sins of the Land. Were it possible that at such a time as this , of shaking the Rod , the Sword over us , when judgments are upon the Nation , that there should be such abundance of iniquity in all places , if men were not in a dead sleep ? How doth drunkenness stagger and reel in every street ? How doth pride vaunt , and boast it self in every Church and Assembly , though it be cryed down never so much ? Alas ( beloved ) are these times to pride up our selves in vanity ? Are these times to run after the sensual , and sinful courses of an ungodly generation ? These are times wherein God calleth for fasting , and brokenness of heart . Lay aside thy fine apparrel ( saith God to the people ) that I may know what to do unto thee . We shouldlay aside these things , that we may shew our selves to be men awake , But men generally do so abound in wickedness and ungodliness , that we may rather conclude , as it is in the Revelation , that the time is now come too neer , He that is filthy , let him be filthy still ; that is , let him go on to the end . It is evident and apparent , that sin is increased since the sickness : it is apparent that our sins are aggravated , though they are dayly cryed down . And now at this time , as if we would defie God to his face , and call upon him to hasten his judgments upon our Land , upon our Families , and persons , every one strives ( as it were ) who shall outdare him most , in our excesses , in impenitency , in hardning our selves in a course of sin . These things convince us of our security . There are many more that might be named , if the time would permit . But put these together , and they may shew us our wretchedness . When we consider how little we have profited by judgments : how little we have profited by the ordinances : how full of vain confidence , and idle dreames : how notwithstanding all these we abound still in wickedness , and there is no reformation of our hearts and lives : what may we not conclude against ourselves ? If ever people were drowned in a drunken security , we of all people under heaven are at this time . For of all people under heaven , we are in a manner the last : God hath spared us to the last . We have had warning by judgments inflicted upon others , for many years together . It hath come neerer to us hy degrees : it began a far off in Bohemia : and then in the Phalatinate , and in Germany . The Lord would have us see how he cometh to us by degrees , by steps , that at the last we may meet him by repentance . But where is the man that yet gets out of the bed of security , that cometh out of his sleep to meet the Lord ? that comes with a broken heart to beg for forgiveness of his sins past , and to beg for mercy for the time to come ? Well now , since it is so , that we are convinced by these signs that we are in a carnal and sinful security : we see then ( so many of us at least , that are children of the light , and of the day ) what cause we have to be awakened , and to do that for others , which they will not do for themselves : to be more earnest in prayer , more frequent in humbling our souls , for our own sins and theirs , that God may lay aside , and cast away his judgments and displeasure , that either are feared , or lie upon us . Is it not a fearful thing , that when the Lyon roareth , the beasts of the Forrests tremble ; Yet the God of heaven roareth against the world at this day , and the proud hearts of men , do not tremble before him ? Shall the beasts of the forrests be afraid of the Lyon , more then the poor worms of the earth , of the mighty God of heaven and earth ? But this is the horrible Atheisme and Infidelity , that is in the hearts of men , that they beleeve not Gods power and justice , nor his threatnings . I beseech you let every man be exhorted , to stirre up his soule to this business , to awaken himselfe in his own particular person . Consider that there are others that are awake , that may bring you sorrow enough : be you awakened to prevent those miseries . Sathan is awake to tempt you , Be sober and watchful , saith Saint Peter , for your adversary the devil , goeth about seeking whom he may devoure . Sathan is busie , and watching to make you his prey , watch you therefore , that you enter not into tentation . Your own Corruptions are alwayes awake . The concupisence , and depraved disposition of the soul , it is awake still to further every evill motion , to draw you aside by its tentations . Therefore ( saith the Apostle ) I beseech you abstain , as pilgrims and strangers , from fleshly lusts , that war against the soule : Do as men in warre , when they know that they have a waking enemy against them , they will be sure to keep their Watch. Beloved , you cannot but know that your corruptions are awake , you may perceive it in your sleepes and dreames : take heed that you be not found in a spiritual sleep , that corruption prevail not over you . Besides these , the enemies of the Church are awake : Heretiques are awake every where to bring men from the faith , to pervert the faith of many : oh be awake to prevent those . Besides , others are awaken to ransack houses , to destroy Cities oh : be awake , that you may be at peace with the Lord of Hosts , the God of Armies , that hath all power in his hand to keepe you safe . Againe secondly , consider the evil of this security you are in , of this disposition of heart , when you cry , peace , peace , to your selves in the middest of Gods displeasure . It is an evil disease : a spiritual lethargy . That disease we know in the body , it takes a man with sleep , and so he dieth . Oh how many are in this spiritual lethargy , in this deep sleep of sin at this day , the Lord awaken them . It is the more dangerous , because it is a sensless disease , a disease that takes the senses from the soul : and diseases ( we know ) that take away the senses , are dangerous : for it is not only a sign , that nature is overcome by the disease ; but besides , it draweth men from seeking for cure . Thus it is with the spiritual lethargy ; it shews not only that sin hath prevailed in the heart , that it hath overcome grace , and thereupon you have yeelded unto it ; to your pride , and covetousness , and vanity , as those that are subdued under a disease : but it hindreth you from seeking the means to escape out of it . Thou saist ( saith Christ to the Church of Laodicea , ) that thou art rich , and needest nothing ; and that was the reason she sought not to Christ . It is our condition : we have knowledg enough , therefore we care not for the Ordinances of God ; We have faith enough , and therefore we care not for increasing it : though none of us say thus with our tongues , yet most of us beleeve thus with our hearts . As David saith of the ungodly man , the wickedness of the wicked saith in my heart . So may I say , the neglecting of the ordinances , the carelesness of men in the use of the means of salvation , saith in my heart , that there is abundance of security , that they are in a spiritual lethargy that leadeth to death . As it is an evil disease , so it causeth much evil . It is that which driveth away the Spirit of God. It is the counsel of the Apostle , Grieve not the Spirit , quench not the Spirit : When we neglect the motions of the Spirit , the Spirit withdraweth it self . Doth not your own experience tell you this ? Consider a little , what motions you have had : how God by the checks of your consciences , somtime by secret incitements , as it were a spur upon your hearts , hath moved you to duty , and to leave your sins . How have these moved you ? you have had purposes it may be to perform these duties , to walk in the wayes of God , to please him in all things : the neglect of those purposes , hath driven away the Spirit , it may be God now leaveth you to finall hardness . Again , it lettethin Sathan . When the unclean spirit is driven out , he goeth about seeking rest , and finding none , at last be returneth from whence he went , and findeth the house swept and garnished ; and he entreth in , and bringeth seven spirits more , worse then himself . Alas ! how many men are there , that for a sit , in some particulars have altered their course , and have thought to become new men : yet rushing upon former occasions , and temptations to sin , they have grown secure and careless , and now Sathan hath gotten stronger hold of them , with seven spirits worse . Nay , this is that , that drives away Christ , and the comfortable influence of his Spirit in the heart . The Church in Cant. 5. was asleep , was in a spiritual slumber : and Christ goeth away , She seeks him whome her soul loved , but she could not find him . I speake now , to those that were awake , and are now asleep : their hearts it may be are awake : but they walk not with that watchfulness , and humility of spirit before the Lord as they ought : therefore now they are heavy , and destitute of the comforts of the Spirit . Well , they may thank themselves : Christ hath hid himself to teach them to be more watchful . And to conclude : This is the cause of positive Judgments . You know what came upon the old world , and upon Sodome and Gomorrah , for their security . And likewise of future Judgements , it is that which casteth men from heaven to hell . That servant that saith in his heart , my Master deferreth his coming , and therefore he eats , and drinks with the drunken : what is the issue of it ? He shall have his portion given him with hypocrites , where there is weeping , and wailing , and gnashing of teeth , Mat. 24. Here is enough ( I suppose ) to awaken you . Whensoever the heart of man is held down with secure thoughts of Gods displeasure , and thinks it is at peace with God , it is an evident sign that wrath is a coming . Nay ( beloved ) in that measure you are in carnal security ; in that measure you are under wrath : let that therefore be enough to awaken you : and say thus with your selves : It were better for me a great deal , to be among the number of those , that complain , and are mourning Christians ; then to be in the number of those that are full of jollity , and joviality , that rejoyce and sport themselves , that put far from them the evil day : I might then escape the wrath of God , as they do . Who are they that escape wrath ? See in Ezekiel 9. Those that were awake when others slept , those that mourned , when others laughed , those that humbled themselves before God , when others hardned themselves : those were the men that were marked in the forehead by the Angel , and they escaped . And in the third of Malachie ; Those that feared the Lord , and thought upon his name , ( in those evil times ) that spake oft one to another ; there was a book of remembrance of them , and they are Gods jewels ; he will be sure to keep them safe . But how shall we come to be awakened ? I should have told you some helps for this : I will but touch upon a few in a word . First , I will propound sobriety as a main help . Would you be watchful , and kept from spiritual slumber , take heed that you keep your selves sober . I speak not of sobriety , as it is opposed to drunkenness , though that be one thing , Be not filled with wine , wherein is excess , but be filled with the holy Ghost , Ephes . 5 . As if he should say , you cannot be filled with the holy Ghost , and with excess of Wine : persons that take liberty in excessive drinking , certainly they are destitute of the holy Ghost , and so of life and salvation . But I mean a further sobriety ; that is , as it is opposed to worldly-mindedness . Take heed that you plunge not your selves too much in the world , and worldly pleasures and cares : for these are against the rule of sobriety . Be sober in your diet , in your apparel , in your gaining , in your spending , in your mirth , in your company , in every thing : that is , moderate your selves , and your affections in these things . A man may soon grow to such a drunkenness , by excesse in worldly affections , that he may be in a dead sleep , neglecting Gods judgements , and his own estate , as we see men that plunge themselves in worldly business are . It takes away the thoughts of those things that concern our spiritual good . I say not that you should leave off the business of the world : for every man must continue in the calling that God hath set him . But I say , moderate your affections to the things of the world : Do worldly business with heavenly minds , in obedience to God : Do them with waking hearts ; to repent for the sins of your callings , to avoide the sins of your callings . And that that I say of labouring in your callings , I say of pleasures , and of every thing else ; we should be watchful and sober : as S. Peter saith , Be sober and watch . Secondly , if you would be free from security , which is a forerunner of judgement ; be sure to keep your selves in exercise . A man that would keep himself awake , will busie himself in some exercise , and imployment or other . What exercise should a Christian use ? The exercise of grace , and of the duties of obedience . Be sure to keep your selves in the exercise of all the advantages that God giveth you in your lives , to imploy your graces in . In difficulties and straits , exercise your faith . In provocations to anger and discontent , exercise meekness . In crosses and troubles , and afflictions , exercise patience . In the miseries and wants of others , whether spiritual or corporal , exercise mercy . And what I say concerning grace , I say concerning duty . Keep your selves in the exercise of prayer , and reading , and meditation , and conference , some one thing or other , some holy employment or other , that may keep the soul waking . For I tell you , you shall find , that whensoever you let fall spiritual exercise , you will at that very instant fall into carnal security in some kind or other . Thirdly , would you keep your selves from this dead sleep of carnal security , then keep your spirits in fear . Sorrow and grief makes a man heavy ; but sear keeps a man waking ; when Jacob feared Esau , he kept a watch that night . Sampson feared the Philistims , and it wakened him out of his sleep . Fear makes a man watchful . You may perceive it in your own experience . In that measure that the fear of God prevaileth , security is expelled . Keep fear therefore . Blessed is the man that feareth alwayes , but he that hardneth his heart falleth into evil . Mark how he opposeth the hardning of a mans self in carnal security , to the fear of God. Keep your heart in a constant feare . Reason thus ; Alas ! shall I do this thing , and sin against God ? Will not God be offended and displeased ? Shall I go on in this vanity ? Would I have the judgement of God find me in this company ? would I have it seize upon me in this imployment , in this business , in this action ? Fear lest God should strike thee in such an act , lest Death should seize upon thee in such a place , and let that make thee keep a constant watch against the shares that are in those places . Fourthly , keep good company . Company you know is a good means to keep men awake . Two are better then one , and wo to him that is alone , saith Solomon . I say good company : for there are a company that will infect you . Keep not company with a froward person , lest thou learn his frowardness . So , keep not company with drunken , and swearing persons , these are the Divels instruments , to keep a man in carnal security . No , keep company with those that have a charge given them , to exhort one another daily , and to consider one another , to provoke to love , and good works . Keep company with the Saints , and make use of all opportunities to provoke others , and to be provoked by others . That is the fourth help . Fifthly , would you be kept from this sinful security : then keep God alwayes in your sight . It is a good way for a man that would keep himself awake , to fix his eye upon some object . Fix your eye upon this main object , God. Whether shall I depart from thy presence , faith David . This is that the Lord would have his people to consider , to keep them from sin , in Jer. 23.23 . Am I a God at hand ( saith the Lord ) and not a God a far off ? Do not I fill heaven and earth , saith the Lord ? Can a man hide himself from God in any secret place ? Think in thy chamber , in thy parlour , in thy shop , in thy house , in thy friends house , in the street , in the Church , in every place wheresoever thou art , that there God is also . If a man had but alwayes some one before him as a witness , he would not venture upon many things , that he now doth . If a malefactour should see the Judge before him : if the child had alwayes his fathers eye upon him : or the servant had alwayes his Master sitting about him , and above him ( though there are many that are unjust servants ) yet nevertheless he would serve him , at least with eye-service . Now set your selves in the eye of God , that sees you in the dark : hears you in your most secret whisperings : knows every action of your life , and every circumstance of those actions . This will be a means to keep thee from security . I will add but one more , which is the sixt . Consider thy latter end : The night is now coming upon us . If it were told any of us , that this night thou shalt die , as it was told the rich man in Luke 12. Thou fool , this night shall they take away thy soul : I think there is none that heareth me this day , but he would certainly keep waking this night . But it is not bodily waking we plead for ; but spiritual waking , a waking from sin , a waking to repentance : And we tell you that Death is now at the door , ready to seize upon you . We speak not only to you that are aged , that are at the brink of the grave : but we speak also to you that are young : Death may seize upon you , and strike you this night : be awakened now to repentance . I remember what God said to the Church of Sardis ; Be watchful , and strengthen the things that remain . That Church was asleep , as many of us are at this day . God cometh to awaken you now , as he did them , that that little goodness you have left , may be renewed and confirmed . You that are quite out of the way of grace , and go on in a course of sin : sit now down , and humble your souls : get into a secret corner , wherein you may consess those many provocations whereby you have provoked God all your dayes : and resolve to amend , if the Lord spare you . Begin now , delay it no longer , it may be the last night , the everlasting night to you : take this warning now therefore ; be awakened to repentance . This is that the Scripture calleth upon so much , Eccless . 11. Rejoyce O young man , in the dayes of thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in thy youth , and walk in the wayes of thine heart , and in the sight of thine eyes : but know thou , that for all this , thou shalt come to Judgment : As if he should say ; You that are in the middest of your delights , that solace your selves in the middest of the abundance of the earth , which you enjoy , that sport your selves in the pleasures of this would , know that there will come a Judgment day , see therefore now , what will best answer God then . Since the end of all things is at hand , ( saith the Apostle ) let us be sober , and watch . We know not how neer the end of the world is , we know indeed it shall not be yet , be cause Antichrist must be destroyed , and the Jewes called before that day come : but nevertheless , certainly thy end is neer , thy day , thy particular death ( and that is the time of thy particular Judgment ) may be sudden : It is appointed for all men once to die , and after that cometh the Judgment ; That is the particular Judgment that cometh upon Death ; so I say , this may be the night of thy death , and the morning , may be the day of thy particular doom . Judg your selves now , that you may not be Judged of the Lord : It was the use that the Apostle made even to good men : For this cause ( saith he ) many are sick , and weak , and many sleep : that is , they are dead : what then ? If we would Judg our selves , we should not be judged of the Lord. So say I to you , judg your selves : now bring your selves as prisoners before the Bar : arraign your selves as malefactors before the Judg : bring out the particular bills of inditement against your selves , whereby you have provoked God : yet there is mercy , the day of grace , and opportunity of repentance , and turning unto God , yet lasteth ; therefore do it now . I might add many other helps to this purpose , but these shall suffice at this present . We have an example before our eyes , enough to warne us of this . Here is an example of Death , which should teach us now to awaken our selves , and not to live securely , as men that dream of a long life , for many years . Here is a young man dead : took away in the prime of his time , in the beginning of his dayes : his sickness though it held him not long , yet it was somewhat violent . How know you what a short time you have , though you are now young : or if you live longer : what sickness you may have : it may be you may be deprived of your reason and senses : therefore now , while health , and reason , and sense , while these Warning Sermons are afforded , take time , and make use of time , lest your security make good this Text upon you . When they shall say Peace , Peace , then sudden destruction cometh upon them , as travail upon a woman with child , and they shall not escape . A CHRISTIANS VICTORY : OR , CONQUEST OVER DEATHS ENMITY . SERMON XIII . 1 COR. 15.26 . The last Enemy that shall be destroyed , is Death . IT could be no Parradox to declare , that every man hath more enemies in the World than friends , both wicked and godly . There is no question of it . But it is true also , that so long as a mans waies please God , he can make his enemies his friends . Of all the enemies men have , the spiritual are the worst ; For they are , Common , Enemies . Continual , Enemies . Common Enemies I call them , because they are every mans Enemies . Others though they be Enemies to some , they are friends to others , these to all . Continual , because their war is never at an end . Other Enemies we may have truce with now and then , pauses , and breathing times , leisure given us , when we have done one skirmish to make ready for another : from these there is no intermission nor rest , not for a moment : wheresoever , or whatsoever we are about , it may be said to us , as Dalilah said to Sampson , Up Sampson thy enemies are upon thee . The three principal of these ( ye know ) are commonly reckoned up to be . The Divel , the World , and the Flesh . But the Apostle telleth us of a fourth , which he calleth our Last enemy , the enemy which shall last of all assault us , the other will leave assaulting us , when we are in this world ; this , when we are leaving the world , mustereth up his forces against us : sometimes holding us long play , as the house of David did the house of Saul , till our strength be wasted and spent ; sometimes dispatching us with a sudden stroke , as Absolom did Amnon , when our hearts are merry within us . This enemy , Death , the very sound of his name , is like the name of Honiades to the Turkes , dreadful to some : the very dream of it dreadful , as Nebuchadnezars dream was to him , it troubled him , and the image of it , made him tremble and quake . But though the hearing of an enemy may cause disturbance ; yet withal to hear that this enemy is overcome and destroyed , the newes of that may chear us . Behold , this is the newes that the Text bringeth . It telleth us of an enemy indeed , but it telleth us withal of the destruction of this enemy . Death is the common enemie of man kind ; It is our last enemy , we may think it none of the least , because it is the last : yet here is the destruction of it , Oh thou enemy , thy destruction shall come to a perpetual end . It is already destroying , and as it is the last , so at the last it shall be destroyed . Those are the two points that I am to treat of ; of an Enemy , and of the destruction of this Enemy . The Enemy is Death , and the last Enemy ( as the Text calleth it ) the last that shall assault us . In that ye may note two things ; Its Quality , and Its Rank . First its nature and quality , An Enemy . Secondly , its order and rank ; in what rank it is Fyled , not in the Fore-front of the battel , but it cometh behind in the Rear , it cometh in the end of the Army ( when all other enemies have given over ) and setteth upon us at the last . Secondly , here is the destruction of the enemy , that is the Milk and honey of the Text. Death though it be an Enemy , though it be a killing enemy , it shall not be a conquering enemy . He that subdueth all our Enemies for us , will in time subdue them to us . And who he is , the Apostle telleth you in the verse before the Text , Christ our Lord , He shall reign till he hath put down all his enemies under his feet : And as all His , so all ours too ; both those that are Enemies to him , and to his death . Among the rest , he will destroy that also ; As it is the last , with which we shall be assaulted , so it is the last that shall be destroyed . There are three points of observation we have here lying before us . First , that Death is an Enemy . Secondly , that Death is our last Enemy . Thirdly , that as Death assaulteth us last , so at last it shall be destroyed . I begin with the first of these , That Death is an enemy . And an Enemy indeed it is ; one of the Divels regiment . The Divel he is the General of the Army : when he brought sin into the world , he brought Death into the world . Sin draws Death after it , as the Needle draws the thread . First I will shew ye what kind of Enemy it is . Secondly , wherein it appeareth to be an Enemy . First what kind of Enemy Death is ; A common Enemy . A secret Enemy . A spiritual Enemy . A continuall Enemy . First a Common Enemy ; Common to all man-kind . The charge it hath , is not like that upon the Aramites , fight neither with small nor great , save only with the King of Israel . Great and small , King and Keifar , all are marks that this aimeth at : one killing weapon or other it hath for them all ; like Ishmacl , The hand of him is against every man. The young and the old , the strong , and rich , and noble , and wise , and holy , none can scape , none can keep out of Deaths reach . What man is he that liveth , and shall not see death . Ye will object to me peradventure . Those that shall live at the coming of our Lord , at the end of the world , shall not see Death . I had thought ( I confess ) to have stood a little upon this points discussion , but I must not . I have many things to say . In a word therefore ; First , these are but a few , and a few make not a general . Secondly , though these die not the ordinary natural death , but as Elijah and Enoch , shall be translated up to heaven ; yet in their translation and assumption , they shall suffer a mutation and change which shall be instead of Death . Their change is a kind of Death to them , as our death is a kind of change to us . Therefore we may account it a common Enemy to man-kind , for as the Scripture saith , It is the way of all the earth . And the Grave it is the house appointed for all living . It is a common Enemy , and it is the more dangerous for that . Secondly , it is A secret Enemy ; And it is the more dangerous for that . Secret Traytors are worse then open enemies : these may be prepared against , becuase we know them : those may surprize us unawares , because we see them not , nor suspect them . Poor Uriah carrieth Death in his bosome : so we carry death about us , though like a Moth it lie and fret in the garment , and we see not when it eateth , nor can certainly determine the time when it will grate asunder the thread of our life . What man living candivine when , and how , and where Dea●…h will seize upon him ? it is not for any to determinesuch a thing , it lieth so secret , he cannot find it out . What a sort of diseases we are subject to , you may imagine how many . Nay yea cannot imagine how many , when the very eye ( as some Occolists observe ) have above sixty diseases . What a many casualties there are every moment , when as oft as we step over the threshold , we cannot tell whether ever we shall come home again . The fire saith , Death is in me ; and the water saith , Death is in me ; the earth we tread on hath Death in it ; the Ayre we breath in , that which we continually take in , and put out at our nostrils hath death in it : Death dwelleth with us in our houses ; it walketh with us in the streets ; it lyeth down with us in our beds ; it is wrapped about us in our cloaths that stick to us . Benhadad is slain in his Bed. Ammon at his Table . Zachariah in the Temple . Joah at the Altar . The disobedient Prophet is torne with a Lyon. The unbeleeving Prince is trod to Death in the croude . Abimelech slain with a Mill-stone ; and Pyrrhus with the fall of a Tyle . Adrian is choaked with a flie . Victor is poisoned with Wine . And one of the Emperours with the bread he received in the Sacrament . Thus Death waiteth every where , and yet we spie it not . It is a secret Enemy , and therefore the more dangerous . Thirdly , it is a Spiritual Enemy . And it is the more dangerous for that . Spiritual I call it ; First , because it is invisible , for the spirits are invisible , they cannot be seen ; Such an enemy is Death , though we must all feel it , yet we cannot see it : were it any way discernable , we might think of some way how we might shift and shun it : but it is beyond the ken of our eyes : we are no more able to see that then the Ayre : being therefore out of sight , it is out of our reach , we know not how to grapple with it ; we know not with what weapons to encounter it . And a Spiritual Enemy I call it , because though it seize on the body , it strikes at the soul : By Gods decree the death of the soul is a concommitant of the death of the Body , and were it not by Gods mercy reverst , they wouldstill come like lightning and thunder , and strike both together . Again , it is a spiritual enemy , because it fighteth against us in the strength of sin . It cometh armed with a Sting , the sting of de ath is sin . Some make question whether if Adam had never sinned , he should ever have died . But me-thinks the Apostle Saint Paul putteth it out of question ; By one mans disobedience sin came into the world , and by sin death . All those Death 's that S. Austin reckoneth up : First when the soul is deprived of God , separated from him . Secondly , when the body is separated from the soul . Thirdly , when the Soul is separated from the body , and from God , and suffereth torments for a time . Lastly , when the soul is separated from God , and rejoyned to the body , to suffer torments eternally . All these are the recompence , and reward of sin . Therefore Death coming , and being an Enemy thus armed , ( whatsoever kind of death it be ) we may well say it is a spiritual enemy , and the more spiritual , the more dangerous . Fourthly and Lastly , it is a continual enemy . And it is the more dangerous for that . It laies hold of us in the womb , and never leaves us , till it hath brought us to the Grave . Beloved , we do not only die when we die , but all the time we live , assoon as we begin to live , we begin to die . As Seneca saith , Every day we die , because every day some part of our life is gone . As a candle , it is no sooner lighted , but presently it begins to waste : as an hour-glass , it is no sooner turned , but presently the sand begins to run out . So our life , it is no sooner breathed , but presently it begins to vapour out . As the Sea , what it gaineth in one place , it loseth in another ; so our life , what we gain one way , we lose it in another : look what is added to it , so much is took from it ; the longer a man liveth , the less he hath to live . Death doth by us , as Jacob did by Esau , catcheth us in the wombe , and never leaveth us . So we see it is a Common , a Secret , a Spiritual , a Continual Enemy . Next we are to consider ; How and wherein Death sheweth it self an Enemy . What Death deserveth at our hands , to be thus accounted and seared . Fearful and terrible it is , that is certain ; So Aristotle , It is the most terrible of all terribles . Bildad in Job , calleth it the King of terrours , What doth Death bring with it to make it fearful ? I answer , Death hath sundry concomitants , and companions that attend it , that make it a formidable Enemy . First , the Harbingers that come along with it ; Sicknesses , and diseases , infirmities , old age , and difficulties . These are all fearful to nature , and through fear of these , Death keepeth men all their life in bondage . They make our lives , as it were a life , rather like a life , then a life indeed . So that howsoever the Apostle said in another place , as it were dying , and behold we live . There Death hath the tanquam , and life the Ecce : yet here we may say , as it were living , and behold we die : here life hath the tanquam , and Death the Ecce . Life is but as it were a life , it is but the shadow of a life that man walketh in : Man walketh in a vain shadow , and disquieteth himself in vain . It it true , it lighteth not on all alike , some it cometh on as a Lyon , and breaking their bones from morning to evening , it makes an end of them : to others it is as a Moth in the garment , secretly in their lives , by degrees , insensibly , pining and consuming them . Howsoever , what Harbinger soever it bringeth , it visiteth us with many touches and twitches , before it come : falling pell-mel , thick and three-fold on us , when they come . In respect of these , it may be said to be an enemy . Secondly , the dissolution that Death bringeth . For it dissolveth the frame of nature ; It divorceth , and separateth the Soul from the Body , those two companions , that have lived so lovingly together , and perhaps have lived a long time together . This is another thing that makes Death look like an Euemy . Friends and companions that have lived long together are loath to part : we see in experience , old folk commonly are more loath to part , when they are old , then when they are young . Now there is none neerer then the soul and body : there is none have lived so long , or so loving : it must needs be tedious for these to part , and be an affliction and vexation , when neither the body can longer retain the fleeting soul , or the soul longer sustain the drouping body . Therefore in respect of this also , Death being the cause of this , no marvel though nature reluctate , and we look upon it , as on the face of an Enemy . Thirdly , the horrour of the Grave : the men of darkness , as Job calleth it : the place of oblivion ; the pit of stinch and rottenness ; this is another thing that nature shrinketh and relucts at . For there we must bury out of our sight , that that once was the delight of our eyes , as Ezekiel said by his wife . And though it were never so lovely before , yet it quickly becometh loathsome . Our Beds must be made in darkness , where corruption and wormes , must be the Mattress and Coverled , to lie under us , and spread over us ; Thou shalt say to Corruption , thou art my father , and to the worme , thou art my mother , and my sister . That body of thine , that God in the wombe so wonderfully made , that thou all thy life-time ( paradventure ) hast delicately cherished , lapped in Silk , in Fur , pampered with sweet wines , Death as a proud Tyrant will set his foot upon it , and throw thee down to the horrid dungeon , where thy flesh shall putrifie , and thy bones rot , and the beauty of it ( though somtime it were as the Rose and the Lilly of the field ) shall soon become as loathsome as the dung in the streets . This is another thing that makes the face of Death dreadful and terrible , when we think of such privations and annihilations as these , that we shall come from a beeing to no beeing . These cannot but make Death look with the face of an Enemy . Fourthly , The loss and deprivation of all worldly contentments , and worldly imployments : that is another thing that makes Death terrible and fearful to us . Look whatsoever contentment we took in any thing here , we must bid it farewel then . Farewel to all , to prophets and pleasures , and honours , we shall carry none of them away with us ; None of our pomp and glory shall descend after us , as the Psalmist saith . Farewell to all the gold and silver we have gathered together , to all the goodly lands we have purchased , to all the stately houses we have built , to all the pleasant gardens , and orchards we have planted , to all the sports and pastimes , we have had , to all our merry consorts we have kept company with , to all our Jewels and wardrope , to our dauncing , and feasting , and musick : Death pulleth us from all these , and layeth us levell with the Dust ; It mingleth shovels and Scepters together ; It makes rich and poor , the Prince and the Peasant alike ; I shall see man no more . All relatians we have now , shall be broken off then , between Husband and Wife , Parents and children , Master and servants , neighbour and neighbour , friend and friend : we shall dwell apart with our selves , and not so much as shake hands one with another . All the services and imployments we are took up with here , shall cease then : there shall be no frequenting of the Exchange , no exercising of Trade , no bearing of Office , no working in our Calling . Death is the night that no man can work in ; and Death is the place of silence , where all affairs are cut off : Where there is no work nor invension , nor wisdome , nor counsel , as Solomou saith in the book of the Preacher . Oh saith good Hezekiah ; I shall see the Lord no more in the Land of the living . There is no more service to be done to the Lord , nor no more in the Church , in that manner as it is now : there is no exercise of Religion , no Word , no Sacraments , no Fasting , no Almes , no Preaching , no Prayer , no Confession and thanksgiving . The Corse cannot praise thee , the Grave cannot give thanks , they that go down into the pit cannot honour thee . Oh ( Beloved ) how careful and active , and vigilant , and diligent should this make us to be ( when we consider it ) for the well improving of that time that we have lent unto us , and for the well-discharging of those places , and offices , and duties that are now laid upon us ; Considering that Death is an enemy that will cut us off from all affairs , and bereave us of all opportunities of receiving , or doing , or performing any service to God at all , either in Church or Common-wealth . Fifthly and lastly , Conscience of sin , and certainty of judgment , and uncertainty of salvation ( for brevities sake I put them together ) these things come along with Death , and make the face of Death terrible and fearful . Conscience of sin first of all . For Sin it is the sting of Death . And which of us is there that doth not arm Death with that sting ? Who can reflect on the passages of his life , but he shall find it as full of sin , as the Leopard of spots . We find nothing in sin now , but oblectation and delight , and therefore we hide it under our tongue , and hugg it in our bosomes . Oh but when Death cometh once , it thrusteth these things out , and oh the horrour and anguish that the poor conscience is tormented and made to smart with . Again , with conscience of sin , certainty of judgement ; that is another dreadful Arrow in Deaths quiver ; After Death cometh judgement . And we must all appear before the judgement seat of Christ , to receive according to what we have done in our bodies . First , the particular judgement that passeth upon the soul , it shall never be reverst , for as the Tree falleth , so it lieth . And then the General judgement , when the Body and Soul shall both be wrapped up in the same condemnation . Oh who can dwell with devouring fire ? with those everlasting burnings ? And then lastly ; The uncertainty of our future estate . For how many thousands be there that die , that can not tell what becometh of them when they die , but they must sing that Farewel to their souls as Adrian to his , My poor wandring soul , whether art thou going ? What will become of thee ? Death then being accompanied with such an Army of Terrours as these , the Apostle might well call it , as it is in the Text ; an Enemy . That is the first thing , Secondly , we are to consider how it is called the last Enemy . For two reasons ; First , because it is the last that shall assault us . So Caietan . Secondly , because it is the Last that shall be destroyed . So the common stream of Interpreters . It is the Last Enemy that shall assault us . And here I have to note two things ; First , that while we live in the world , we have more Enemies in the world . For when there are some last , there must be others going before . If Death be the last Enemy , there are some others beside . I , we have so ( God knoweth ) Enemies on every side . Without us , within us . The Divel he is an Enemy to us , and vollies of tentation he hath to discharge against us . So many tentations , so many Enemies . The World is an enemy to us : An enemy when it seemeth a friend ; When it smileth it betrayeth : it kisseth and killeth . On the right hand it hath prosperity to allure ; on the left hand adversity to affright ; in every corner , wicked counfell , and company , and examples to seduce and insnare us . Lastly , our own flesh is an enemy . It is a Serpent we carry in our bosomes . The Divell is a Serpent in Hell : the world is a Serpent in our hand : the flesh is a Serpent in our bosome . We carry it with us where ever we go : It is a con-natural , concorporate Enemy . All our other enemies could do us no hurt , if it were not for that ; if this enemy that cohabiteth with us , did not combine against us . Know ( who ever thou art ) there is no Enemy like thy self : thy self is the worst enemy of all . All the sparks that slie out of Sathans engines , could never sindg a hair of our heads , if our flesh were not as tinder . All the winds that blow in the four corners of the world , could not make shipwrack of us , if our flesh were not a treacherous Pilot. Death ( that gnaweth the thread of our soul and body asunder ) could not separate them , or them from God , if the flesh did not what the teeth of it , and sharpen it with a sting . So then we see , we have a great many Enemies more to encounter us besides Death , some without , some within . Therefore how should this teach us circumspect walking ? to behave our selves wisely in every thing , as David when he knew Saul was his Enemy , and had an eye upon him to do him mischief . How should it teach us to pray with David ; Lord teach me thy way , and lead me in the right path , because of mine enemy ? That is one thing I have to note . Again , another thing I have to note ; If Death be the last enemy , then in all probability it is like to be the worst . Of the Divels regiment it is , ( I told ye before ) He is the General of the Army . And ( beloved ) beleeve it , the Divel is very politick and subtile , in marshalling his forces , he will not place his best Souldiers in the forefront of the battel , but keeps them in the Reare , he puts them behind , that when all the rest have wearied and tired us , they should set on us afresh . He is so cunning a disputant , that he reserveth the best arguments for the last . A cunning Gamester , that plaies his best play at the last ; A cunning Archer , that shoots his best shaft at the last . So since Death is the last Enemy , it is like to be the sorest . Now the sorer we are like to find him , the carefuller we should be to arme against him : alwayes to put our selves in a readiness , that whensoever he cometh , he may find us weaponed : that if it were possible , we might be alwayes doing , as if we were dying , it being the height of the perfection , that any soul can attain to ( as the heathens themselves well obierved ) for a man to spend every day , as if it were his last day . That is one reason why the Apostle here calleth Death the last Enemy , because the last is like to be the worst . Again , another reason . As it is the last by which we are assaulted , so it is the last that shall be destroyed . That the Apostle principally meant here ( as Interpreters commonly understand it ) when he saith , the last enemy that shall be Destroyed is Death ; he meant that Death is the Enemy that shall be destroyed last . And this leadeth me to the last point I propounded to speak of , That Death is an enemy , and the last enemy , and at last shall be destroyed . It shall be destroyed , that is one thing . Who undertakes the doing of it ? Our selves ; In likelihood Death is more likely to destroy us , then we it . But as it is said of the seven-sealed book in the Revelation , when there was none in heaven , or in earth , or under the earth , that was able to open it , the Lion of the tribe of Judah , prevailed to open the book . So the Lion of the tribe of Judah prevaileth to destroy this enemy , that none in heaven , or in earth , or under the earth , but only he , is able to destroy . He saith of him , as David of Goliah , when he defied the host of Israel , and all men ran away , Let no mans heart fail him . So saith the son of David , The Lord of David , let no mans heart fail him , I will go to fight with yonder Philistim . Oh Death I will be thy death . It is spoken in the person of Christ , whom Saint Peter calleth the Lord of life . He subdueth all Enemies , and it is he that will destroy Death , he will not leave him , till he have trod him under foot . But when will Christ do this ? We see Death playes the Tyrant still , it killeth and spoyleth , as fast as it did ? his sickle is in every ones harvest ; as fast as the corn grows up , he cuts it down , he leaveth not an ear standing . How long Lord , how long before this ( that the Apostle tells us of ) will be ? At last . His meaning is , at the general day of the Resurrection : when the end of the world shall come , then Christ shall destroy him . And he bringeth it in the rather , to assure the Corinths of that , that some of them doubted of ; namely , that there should be a Resurrection . For unless the dead should arise , how can Death be destroyed ? But Death shall be destroyed , therefore it is out of question that the dead shall rise again . But what comfort have we in the mean time , if Death be not destroyed till then ? if till then it play the domineering Enemy ? No , not so neither . We have comfort enough in that , that Christ hath already done . Though it be not already destroyed , yet it is already subdued . It is not only subdued , but disarmed , and not only so , but captivated , and triumphed over . He subdued it when he died ; in suffering death he overcame Death ; he beat him in his own ground , at his own weapons ; in his own hold he disarmed him . When he rose again , then he spoyled him of his power , and took his weapons away , and triumphed over him in the open field . When he ascended into heaven , then he carried those spoils with him in token of conquest , as Sampson took the Gates of Gaza on his shoulders , and carried them to the top of the hill . Christ by Death took the sting of Death away ; by his Resurrection he took the strength of Death away ; by his Ascension he took away the hope of Death , for ever conquering or prevailing more ; finally , at the last Judgement he will take away the name and Being of Death , so that it shall never be more remembred , but mortality shall be swallowed up of life . I , Christ hath done this for himself ( perhaps ) but what is this to us ? Nay , Christ hath done it , not only for his own victory , but he hath given us victory : he is not only a conqueror , but he hath made us conquerors : thanks be unto God , that hath given us victory . In a word , Christ hath , and will do by Death , as he doth by our sins : he hath subdued them already : at the last he will utterly destroy them : sin and Death both of them are already subdued , at last they shall be abolished and destroyed , that they shall he no more . As there shall be no more sorrow and pain , so there shall be no more death and sin : All tears shall be wiped from our eyes : I will ransom them from the power of the grave , and redeem them from death . More then this ; This yet addeth to our comfort , Christ will so destroy Death , as be will not only subdue him for us , but also reconcile him to us : not only foil him as an Enemy , but propitiate , and make him our friend . We have all our enemies subdued to us , but some are so subdued , that they are reconciled : Death is one of them , it is a reconciled , as well as a subdued enemy . Instead of bringing forth children for bondage , it becometh a purchaser of our freedom : it is so far from plucking us from Christ , as rather it letteth us into Christ : so far from being a loss , as it bringeth gain : so far from being a dammage , that it is part of our Dowry : therefore the Apostle reckoneth it as a prerogative , as he saith , that the world , and life , and Christ is ours , so Death is ours . Indeed if Death were not ours , life were not ours ; for our only way to life now is by Death . Such a friend is this Enemy become , that it is a Bridge to pass to heaven : the Chariot that we are took up to heaven in . What we get of life toward life , we lose in death , but what we get in death toward life , we never lose . Now for the Application , and conclusion of all . Something I have to say by way of comfort , and something by way of counsel . First , by way of comfort ; Against the fear of Death , or against over-much sorrow for those that Death takes away . It is true . Death is an Enemy . But to whom ? only to the wicked that are out of Christ , to those that have no benefit at all by his Death and Resurrection , and Ascension . When Death cometh and findeth out these , they may say as Ahab did to Eliah , and more truly a great deal , hast thou found me , oh mine Enemy . ( It is the worst Enemy they have in the world . It is a cruel Sergeant , that catcheth them by the throat , and arresteth them for a debt that they are never able to pay : It draggs them to the Jayl , casteth them into the Dungeon , to the chains of Darkness . I have not a word of comfort to say to them . They have no more comfort in Death , then they have in Hell , where though they shall lie in torments and pain , they shall not have a drop of water to cool their tongue . But to the saithful in Christ , there is comfort upon comfort . For though Death be an Enemy , yet remember , first it is a subdued Enemy . Secondly , a reconciled Enemy . Thirdly and lastly , an Enemy that one day shall not be at all . It is a subdued Enemy , that is one comfort . The strength and sting of it is gone . When a Bee hath lost his sting , and is a Droan , it can hurt no more . So Death is a Droan to a Christian , it hums and buzzeth , it doth no hurt , it cannot sting , the sting is gone . Against all those Enemies that I formerly told ye of , that are attendants on Death , here is comfort . First it is true : Death cometh with ill Harbingers , it bringeth sicknesses , and aches , and pain , but there is comfort against this . For when God sendeth pain , remember he promiseth to send patience too : that he will put his hand under to help , His left hand shall be under us , and his right hand over us , to catch us : he hath promised comfort upon our sick beds , to make our bed in our sickness . We need not make such an Allegory as Ambrose doth : this sweet flesh of ours , the Bed of our soul , it is under infirmities and weaknesses : God helpeth us , he makes our bed : he saith to the sick of the Palsey , Take up thy bed : he turneth our bed in our sickness , either he sends us health , ( so some exponds it ) he turns the bed of sickness , into a bed of health : or God turneth our bed for us in our sickness ; that is , he refresheth us , giveth us ease , when we lie upon our sick beds . It is a Metaphor borrowed from those that attend sick persons , that help to make their Beds easie and soft , and turn them , that they may lie at ease : So God hath promised his children in the painfull time of sickness , to make their Beds easie and soft , to cause them to lie at ease by the Patience that he will give them . Secondly , it is true , Death bringeth dissolution , and dissolveth the frame of nature , it separateth and divorceth those two loving companions , the Soul and the Body . But there is comfort in this . For though it divorce the Soul and the Body , yet it cannot destroy the soul and the body : even the body is in the hand of god , when it is rotting in the earth , as the Soul is translated to heaven . Again , though they be separated , yet it is but for a time , one day they shall meet more joyful , and glorious then ever before , and after that they shall never be separated again . Lastly , though he separate the soul from the body , and the body from the soul , yet neither from Christ , nor Christ from them . Nay , it is so far from separating , that it helpeth to unite us to Christ , ( as I said before ) the dssolution of those shall be the conjunction with him ; I desire to be dessolved , and to be with Christ . Thirdly , it is true , the horrour of the Grave attendeth Death , and the putrifaction of this flesh of ours , that must turn to corruptness , it makes it terrible and fearful . But there is comfort against this . For after that time of putrifaction , there shall be a time of restitution , and though the worms devour this flesh of ours , yet in th●… very flesh of ours , we shall see God another day , These eyes shall see him . There is comfort in that , that when God shall come to restore us with himself , what the Grave hath cloathed with corruption , he will cloath with glory ; these vile bodies , he will make them like the glorious body of Christ , without all corruption . Fourthly , it is true , Death depriveth us of worldly friends , of worldly imployments , this makes it terrible ; Yet there is comfort against this . Though we be deprived of worldly friends , it carries us to heaven , to better company , to Angels , to the spirits of just and perfect men , to God the Judge of all , to Jesus the Mediatour of the New Testament . Nay besides , one day he will restore again those very friends , of which here we are deprived : though we lose them for a time , in heaven we shall meet again , and there renew a perpetual league of society and love . So though it deprive us of worldly benefits , it cannot of heaven , and those are better , they are not pleasures of sin , that last for a season , but at the right hand of God , that endure for ever . So though it deprive us of worldly services , it carrieth us to heaven , to those that are better , that are high and proper to the Church triumphant , such as befit the Church , to sing Hallelujahs ; and such as are profitable to the Church Militant , by the memory of good examples , and by the prayers they offer to God , not in particular , for they know no mans particular wants , yet for the general and common good of all . Fifthly and lastly ; It is true , the consideration of sin , and of Judgement , and our uncertain estate after death , makes it terrible like the face of an Enemy . Yet there is comfort against these . For sin . I told you that though there be a sting in the Serpent , yet Christ hath drawn out that sting , so that being a Serpent without a sting , we may do as Moses , take it in our hand , put it into our bosome , and it will never do us hurt , to them that die in the Lord : Death rather came by sin , then for sin ; It is not between sin and damnation , but between sin and salvation . For judgement ? It is true , Death presenteth judgement , but it presenteth it with comfort , for the day of judgement , is the day that the godly look for , and long for , as the day of redemption , not of confusion ; when they shall receive the sentence by which they shall be absolved , and not condemned . For they know when God shall come to be their Judge , he shall come to be their Saviour . And so for the uncertainty of our future estate after death . It is true , the e●…t ate of the dead , in regard of natural understanding , it may be a thing uncertain and obscure , yet from the secret revelation of Gods Spirit , the Saints in some measure know how it will be with them after death ; We know though our earthly tabernacle be destroyed , we have a building given us of God. All these things are helps to give us comfort against the fear of Death , and those Enemies that Death comes attended with : that though it be an Enemy , yet it is a subdued Enemy . Secondly , it may comfort us , to consider that death is not only a subdued , but a reconciled Enemy ; of an Enemy it is made to be a friend : it is so to all the faithful ; such a friend , as they have not a better in the world . It is most certain ; the wicked have not a worse enemy in the world then death , and the godly have not a better friend ; so ye should see if I had leisure to shew you , on the one side from what labour and care , and misery , it helpeth to free them ; and on the other side , to what comfort , and rest , and peace , and joy , it helpeth to bring them . Lastly , it may comfort us , to consider that as death is an enemy , a subdued enemy , a reconciled enemy ; so it is an enemy , that at last shall be destroyed . The time shall come when death and Hell shall be cast into the lake of fire ; the meaning is ( I think ) they shall be shut up in the bottomless pit , where they shall only have leave to exercise their power on the Divel , and damned reprobates that lie there in torments . Death on the one side still gnawing of them that they ever die , and yet Hell on the other side , still preserving of them , that they shall everlastingly live . But the godly , and the faithful shall have their part and portion given them in the resurrection to life , where they shall never taste of death more . What the Apostle saith of Christ , is true of all those that are in Christ , when they are once dead , they shall die no more , Death hath no more dominion over them . But I cannot enlarge those comforts ; Yet ( beloved ) I have a word or two of counsel , I pray harken to it . Birefly thus . Christ though he have overcome , and destroyed both death and sin for us for ever , yet notwithstanding he will have us exercised also in subduing and overcoming them ; Christ hath not so fought for us , but he will have us also fight for our selves : as he hath over come death , so must we for our parts , that we may have he comfort of that that Christ hath done ; death being an enemy to us , we must prepare and arm our selves against it , that it may not be an Enemy too strong . And for your better direction take these few heads . First , Remember that death is the wages of sin . It is sin that lead death into the world : it is in respect of that , that death is an Enemy to us , and were it not for that , it would be no Enemy at all . Now then ( beloved ) if ye will not die in your sins , let your care be to die to sin : labour to have sin die in thee , and then thou shalt not die in that . When thou hast committed drunkenness , or prophaneness , &c. think with thy self , this is pleasant and sweet now ; but how will this taste another day , when I shall come to lie upon my death-bed , and my soul shall set on my pale lips , ready to take her flight , and be brought before the Judgement seat of Christ ? What fruit will these things bring then ? What comfort , and peace , and joy , will it procure to the conscience then ? Oh ( saith Abner to Joab ) knowest thou not , that this will be bitterness in the end ? It will be as gall and wormwood , therefore if ye would not have death be bitter then , let not sin be sweet now : part with sin betime . That is the first . Secondly , learn to walk humbly with God betime , and betime put your selves in a way of repentance , and new obedience : take heed of dallying with God , and procrastinating , and putting off the time . What is the reason why a sort die ( as Pline saith some do , that are stung with the Serpent Colemion ) some laughing , some raging , some sottish and secure , others hoping , some dispairing ? They have not been careful to walk with God while they lived ; because they wanted care then , they want comfort now . They that remember not God in their life ( saith S. Austin ) it is just with God to forget them in death . The Apostle S. Peter would have us look for new heavens , and a new earth , wherein dwelleth righteousness . But never look thou to dwell in that heaven where righteousness dwelleth , except righteousness dwell in thee : And he exhorteth us , that we be found of God in peace at that day : that is sweet and comfortable indeed ; but remember , Peace and holiness go together , if we would be found of God in peace , we must be found of him in holiness : Walk in holiness and uprightness , and then peace shall kisse thee on thy death-bed . Mark the upright and just man , the end of that man is peace . Thirdly , the better to subdue Death , be willing to meditate and think oft of Death , learn the Art of dying , practise the way of it betime , learn to die daily . How shall we do that ? I will shew you . Consider we have many little deaths to undergoe in the world , as whave many delights ; Learn to inure and acquaint thy self before hand with the patient and quiet bearing and enduring of these many troubles and crosses that befall thee , As Agamemnon first overcome the Lacedemonians by wrastling , and then by fighting ; and Bilney first burnt his finger in the Candle , that after he might the better endure the burning of his body at the stake . So think with your selves , If I cannot endure a little , how shall I endure more ? If I cannot endure a light cross , a small affliction , do I murmur at that ? Am I impatient and repine at that ? How shall I bear the pangs of Death , when they come ? Therefore let us inure our selves to a meek , and quiet bearing of lesser stripes , so we may be better able to endure heavier strokes . Many of us lay out a great deale of care how to live in the world , we had more need take care how to die , when we shall leave the world . Study the Art of dying ; That is the third . Lastly , that we may the better subdue Death , that it may not be an Enemy too strong ; Learn before so to dispose of our selves , and order our affairs , that when Death cometh , we may have nothing to do but to die . Get all differences reconciled , all doubts settled , all reckonings ordered : sequester our selves from all other avocations , that nothing may interrupt us , when that work is to go inhand with . Put thy house in order ( saith God to Hezekiah ; ) I say so to every one of you . First , your outward house , that which concerneth your worldly estate , put that house in order . What ? wouldest thou make thy Will and testament , and be troubled about that , when thou hadst more need to have that Will and testament , confirmed , that Christ hath made ? And then set thy soul and conscience , thy inner house in order , let not conscience be to seek then of any thing that concerneth thee for thy peace toward God and man. Die thus , and die happily . Though Death be an enemy , yet thou shalt not be hurt of it , because it is subdued , and at last thou shalt get the victory over it , when thou shalt see it uttery destroyed . And now as I have exhorted you to do this , by way of counsel , so yet a little further I crave patience , that I may encourage you to do it by way of example : By the example of this blessed servant , and Saint of God , for whose occasion you have given this meeting , and I have preached this Sermon . Give me leave to do by her , as Mary Magdelen did by our Saviour Christ , to break a box of Spiknard and pour it on her , that I may anoint her for her burial . Concerning whom , though I could say a great deal , yet ( knowing how well she was known to you ) I should not be afraid to say too much . Yet on the other side ( because the night is farr spent , and because she was sufficiently known to you although I speak but a little , I shall speak enough . She dwelt among you : who is he that can speak ill of her ? who knew her but reported well of her ? The Apostle Saint Paul reduceth all the practical parts of Christianity to three heads ; Living soberly , and righteously , and holily : The grace of God ( saith he ) hath appeared , and teachth us to do all this . She had learned to live soberly ; She was a pattern of sobriety . Sober in her countenance , in her diet , in her apparel , in her speeth , in all her behaviour . And the grace of God taught her to live righteously , both in those things that concern the works of justice , and those things that concern the works of mercy , both are referred to righteousness . For her justice , I am perswaded she was exceeding careful in all her wayes to keep a good Conscience . I am sure she was a woman very diligent and painful in her Calling , she was truly one of those good house-wives that Solomon describeth in Prov. 31. and had studied that Chapter well , and attained the practise of it : she could never endure idleness in any : there was no plague ( she said ) to idleness ; and that diligence in our Callings sets open a door to many blessings , and shuts up the door to many tentations . I may call her a discreet woman , that was a crown to her husband ; so Solomon said a vertuous woman is . He had a rich portion , when God gave him her . Houses and lands come by inheritance , but a Prudent wife cometh of the the Lord. She was an excellent guide to her family , to her servants : Children she had none . She had such children as S. Austin speaks of , and he saith , they are those children that women are saved by . What children , saith he ? Good works : and those children she was full of . She did the part of a Mother in bringing up her servants that were with her : insomuch as she would say sometimes ( though they were none of her own children ) Behold , here am I , and the children that God hath given me . And for works of mercy aswell as justice , she was most open-hearted and handed , not only to do according , but beyond her ability : alwayes ready upon every occasion to distribnte , and administer to the necessities of the Saints , and provoked , and stirred others to the doing of the like . Among her neighbours she lived unblameably : A woman of a meek and quiet spirit , and Saint Peter saith , Such of God are much set by . She was no tatler , nor busie medler in other folks matters . For Piety , she was remarkable . She shewed it both in her health and sickness . In her health , both publikely and privately . In publike , She was a religious frequenter of the ordinances on the Lords day , and on the week dayes , a diligent hearer and attender , an exceilent rememberer : one of the best Remembrancers that I have heard of . And in private , she was excellent for duties there , both for the discharge of her own duty , by giving ensample to others , and many times by good and godly exhortations and instructions , and daily by private reading and prayer , she set apart some time for her self , for private meditation . In her sickness , she was a spectacle for thousands to look on . It pleased God to lay a long and heavy affliction upon her . She had a Cancer in her breast , that had been on her three years : in the two last years she suffered a great deal of extremity , as you may imagine by one thing that I shall say . She was fain to endure a great deal of dressing , with Corrasives and sharp medicines ; a great deal of cutting , and searing , and burning : she was above fifty times burnt with hot Irons : but ( Lord ) with what patience did she still endure it ? She would say , It was no matter ; sanctified afflictions were better then unsanctified prosperity . Apelles said , when the picture of a beautiful woman was to be compleatly drawn ; he must borrow one part from one , and another from another , and put all together . She had learned this . She had looked on many good patterns in the Scripture , and had drawn to her self an imitation of them all , so that she was a perfect and compleat Model . Though I say much , yet I know , I say nothing but the truth . I read of few excellent woman in the Scripture , but she made them a pattern of one vertue or other . For obedience , she was a Sarah : for wisdome a Rebecca : for meekness a Hannah : for a discreet temper , an Abigal : for good huswivery , a Martha : for piety , a Mary , a Lydia . I know not any necessary thing , that belonged to make up a good Christian , but in some measure it pleased God to bestow it on her . Thus she continued all her life in the time of her health : and in sickness with so much patience as ( after a sort ) she endured a martyrdome , and I see no reason but we may allow a Martyr of Gods making , a swell as of mans : I am sure , if God make Martyrs , I know not any fitter then she , so meek , and patient , and constant . Many daughters ( saith Solomon ) have done vertuously , but thou surmountest them all . I will not say so of her , because I decline flattery . But this I will say , that I know not many excel her , scarse any that come neer her . She hath the reward of that she hath done , given her of God , and her works follow her . We leave her to God , and having committed her soul into his hands , we beseech his gracious favour upon our selves . THE GREAT TRIBUNAL : OR , GODS SCRUTINY OF MANS SECRETS . SERMON XIV . ECCLESIAST . 12.14 . For God will bring every Work into Judgement , with every secret thing , whether it be good , or whether it be evil . DEath and Judgement are two subjects , about the meditation of which , our thoughts should every day be conversant ; we should every day be thinking of those two dayes . Every day , upon the day of death , because there is no day wherein death may not befall us . And every day , upon the day of Judgement , because as the day of Death leaveth us , so the day of Judgement findeth us . We had an occasion like to this not long since . Then ( you may remember ) I discoursed of Death considered as an Enemy . I shewed you what kind of Enemy it is : it is a common Enemy : a secret Enemy : a spiritual Enemy . Now at this time ( having the like occasion ) I thought it not amiss for me to discourse of that that cometh immediately after Death , that is Judgment . The Apostle saith Heb. 9.27 . It is appointed to all men once to die , and after Death cometh Judgment . And it is that that Solomon mindeth us of here in the words of my Text : which he addeth as a reason to that grave advice he gave in the verse before going . Having discoursed at large in this book concerning the vanity of all earthly things , and the vexation among those things that are under the Sun : he telleth us where it is best for us to set up our rest : that is , in learning that one lesson , Fear God , and keep his commandements , for this is the totall ; all that God requireth . That we might the rather be stirred up to hearken to this counsel , he telleth us , that whether we do or no , the day will come that we shall be called to an account , when God will bring every one of us to Judgment , and take a tryal of every work we have done , and of every secret thing , whether it be good or evil . In handling of these words we have two things in general that Solomon speaks of . First the person Judging . Secondly the things Judged . The Person Judging , is God. And there I will speak , First of the Judg. And then of the Judgment . The things that God bringeth to judgment and tryal , he telleth us first , every work , every thing , be it never so secret . And then a more particular resolution : those things that are good , and those things that are evil . God will bring every work to judgment , and every secret thing , whether it be good , or whether it be evil . I begin with the Person judging . And here first of the Judge himself . God shall bring to Judgment . God essentially meant , all the Persons in the God-head , Father , Son , and holy Ghost . For all concur in this work , being as the School-men say , Opus ad extra : It is one of the External works of the God-head : and it is an Axiome in Dviinity , that the External works of the God-head are not to be divided . It is true , there are certain internal works of the God-head , that are said by the Schools to be divided , incommunicably proper and peculiar to every Person : as it is proper to the Person of the Father , incommunicably , to have his Being of himself . Of the Son , to be begotten of the Father . And it is the property of the holy Ghost , incommunicably , to proceed from both . But those works that they call External ; that is , those works by which the power and wisdome of the God-head are externally made manifest to the creature , such as creation , preservation , redemtion : those equally and indifferently proceed from all the Persons : not from one in particular , but from all in general : and this of Judgment is one . For as they all concur in the creating of us : so they shall in the judging of us : all of them shall co-operate together in the executing of justice and mercy ; Justice in the damnation of the wicked , and mercy in the salvation of the godly . You will object peradventure , that the Scripture seemeth to speak otherwise , though Judgment here be attibuted essentially to God , in some places it is attributed personally to Christ ; He shall judg the quick and the dead : and therefore oftentimes it is called in the Scripture , the Judgment seat of Christ , as 2 Cor. 5.10 . Again somtimes this work of Judging is appropriated to the Saints : Know yee not that the Saints shall judg the world ? 1 Cor. 6.2 . and by and by again , Know you not that we shall judge the Angels ? vers 3. How shall we reconcile these , when it is said , Christ and the Saints shall judge ? I answer ; This threefold doubt is reconciled by a threefold distinction . God is said to judge , if we respect the Authority of Jurisdiction . Christ is said to judge , if we respect the Promulgation of the sentence . The Saints are said to judge , if we respect the Approbation . The power and right are equally given to all three Persons : but the particular Execution is given to Christ : the Approbation of what Christ doth , is ascribed to the Saints . As at at our common Courts of Assize here : one is set upon the Bench as Judg , and others are joyned in commission with him , as Accessories : the Judge only pronounceth the sentence , and they that sit in commission with him , ratifie and approve his sentence that he pronounceth : so at that day ; Christ shall sit upon his Throne as Judg ; the Saints they shall joyn as Commissioners : Christ he alone pronounceth the sentence upon every one that is summoned there to the tryal ; but then his Apostles and Saints , that are joyned in commission with him ( for such honour have all his Saints ) they shall ratifie and approve , and give attestation to the sentence that he pronounceth , and say Amen to the condemnation of the wicked . So that the difference is easily reconciled , and we see how God , and Christ , and the Saints are said to judg . The Authority is Gods. The Execution , Christs . The approbation , the Saints . The Apostle in Rom. 2.16 . makes the point plain , he telleth us that God shall judg by Christ ; In that day God shall judg the secrets of all hearts by Jesus Christ : So Christ himself , Joh. 5. The Father Judgeth no man , but hath committed all power to the Son. He hath given him power to execute judgment , as he is the Son of man. Why to him ? For this Reason ; That his second coming may be in glory , to make amends for his first coming in humility ; Christ at his first coming into the world , he came meanly , and homely : at his second coming , he shall come triumphantly and gloriously . Before he came like a Lamb , then he shall come like a Lyon. Before in the forme of a servant , then in the form of a Lord. Before Pilate sate upon the Bench , and Christ stood as a malefactour : but then Pilate shall stand at the Barr as a Malefactour , and Christ shall sit on the Bench as Judg. He shall then openly come to shew himself a just Judg amongst men , as before he came to be Judged : when he came privately he was Judged of them that were unjust : It was once a scorn that he the Son of man , should be Judg of the world : therefore God will have him come and appear in that very form he was scorned in , that now they may behold him in his Majesty , that before would not take notice of him , when he appeared in humility : that they who the more contemptuously before esteemed him in his baseness , may now more severely taste of his justice . God then is Judg. Not men . Not Angels , but God himself . Had men been our Judges , we might not fear the face of men , because they are vessels of the same earth as we , took out of the same pit , hewen out of the same rock . If Angels had been our Judges , we , should not have stood in so much fear , because ( though they be Spirits more glorious then we yet by their own confession ) they are our fellow creatures , and our fellow servants ; therefore we after a sort participate with them in some degree of nature . But neither men , nor Angels shall be Judges then , but Almighty God , that as much excelleth men and Angels , as the heavens do the earth . And look what is necessarily required to the office of a Judg , it is incomparably found in him . To the office of a Judg , there are three properties specially required . Knowledg to discern . Power to determine . Justice to execute . In God , these are all of them transcendent and eminent . For Knowledg , he is the most wise . For Power , most absolute . For Execution most just . Knowledg to discern , that is the first . He that assumeth the person of a Judg , must needs be one of wisdom and understanding . Though he have the Scepter of authority in his hand , if he have not the eye of wisdom in his head , if he be not able when men plead their case before him , as the two Harlots before Solomon , to decide to whom the right of the case belongeth , as he , to whom the living child pertained , he is as unfit to be a Judg , as an illiterate Ignaroe is to be a Priest . The Judges ignorance is the honest mans overthrow . We commonly paint Justice blind , not because he should be so that sits in Gods seat of justice to decide Cases , but only in respect of persons . Blind Isaac was fain to put forth his hands to feel whether it were Esau or no that came to ask the blessing : it is a hard case , when Judges have sore eyes , that they cannot discern the right Case , but only by feeling . But it shall not be so here . God is the Judg , that is of infinite wisdome and understanding , that is able to discern right and wrong . Of necessity it must be so , because he is Omniscient , he knoweth all things : he hath the true understanding of them : it is impossible to deceive him . Earthly Judges they somtime are blinded in the hearing of Cases that are brought before them , for what their eyes see not , they are not able to discern , there are no glass windows into the bosoms and breasts of men , by which they are able to come into their hearts : all the information they have , is from Evidences and Witnesses , the hear-sayes , and reports of others : where if any thing be concealed or mistold , how easily may they miscarry ? But Gods knowledg is not so unsound or uncertain , because he himself is an eare , and an eye-witness of all things that are : he knoweth whatsoever is done , he beholdeth not the actions only , but the very intentions , he is able to judg of the thoughts and intentions of the heart . It is but folly to think to hide any thing from him ; heaven is not so high , but he can reach it : hell is not so deep , but he can search it : the earth is not so wide , but he can spanit : the night is not so dark , but he can see it : the chamber , the bed , the closet , is not so close , but he can pierce it : He that sitteth upon the circle of the heavens , and whose eyes are as flames of fire , seeth every thing . Heb. 4. There is no creature that is not manifest in his sight , but all things are naked and open ; like an Anatomized body , ( for thence the Metaphor is drawn ) where the bowels are laid open , and every nerve , and muscle , and ligament , every Atome discovered , so that we may take a full view of it . In a word ; if it were Davids commendation , that he was wise , as an Angel of God : how wise must God be , that infuseth wisdome into the Angels , and in whose sight the Angels are foolish ? That is the first thing requisit in a Judg , he must have knowledg to discern . In the second place . He must have power to execute : he must have authority to command : and not be as an Image set against a wall , for if he be so , Abjects will insult over him : though peradventure some may regard him , because he hath eyes to see , yet others will contemn him , because he hath no hands to punish : so innocency shall be hopeless of recompence , and the wicked of their desert . Again , if he have not power , if he have power only to hear , and not to determine : or if his power be restrained to some petty Cases , and not also extended to matters of greater consequence and moment : Appeals will be made , ( as commonly they are ) from inferiour Courts to the higher . But it is not so here : God is the Judg , who as he is infinite in knowledg , so he is in power and authority . We stile the King Supream head over all persons , and in all causes in his Dominions : but God is over all the Dominions of the earth , supream over all : not only in all causes , and over all persons , but over all causes too : even Kings are subject to his regiment : He bindeth Kings in chaines , and Nobles in fetters of Iron , Psal . 149. The Kings of the earth ( saith Saint John ) and the rich , and the great men , and the great Captains , and the mighty men , they shall all hide themselves , in the caves , and rocks , and mountains , Revel 15. crying to the mountains and rocks , to cover them from the face of the Judg , and from the wrath of the Lamb , because the day of desolation is come . Nay God , is not only over all the Kings of the earth , but he is Potentate of heaven and hell too : He hath a commanding power over all : the Angels fear , the Divels tremble , when they come to stand before God. In a word ( as Saint Paul saith ) all power is of God ; then of necessity followeth , that God himself in his power is most absolute . That is the second thing belonging to the office of a Judg ; as he must have knowledg to discerne , so he must have power to execute . Thirdly there must be Justice in the execution : therefore the Grecians were wont to place justice between Libra , and Leo ; to signifie indifferency in weighing causes , and strictness in executing the sentence . So the Egyptians signified as much by their Hierogliphical purtraicture of an Angel without hands , wincking , or without eyes : such a one a Judg should be : he should have no hands to receive bribes , nor no eyes to respect persons : the person of a Judg must not take the person of a friend : A man must not personate a friend in justice , but as Levi , he must know neither father , nor mother , nor brother . Justice amongst us , is purtraicted holding a Ballance in one hand , and a sword in another : the Ballance sheweth the upright weighing of causes , and the Sword sheweth the strictness of the execution of the sentence . And if this Execution be wanting both the other are to no purpose . It is to no purpose to know , and to have power , if their be not Justice . But God is a true and just Judg ; Howsoever it be amongst the Judges of the earth ; yet unworthy is he of the place of a Judg , and fitter to stand at the Barr , then to sit on the Bench , that suffereth himself to miscarry by friendship or love , or bribes , or sutes , or favour , or envie ; when either of these prevail , they tie the tongues of men to plead for wrong causes . Shall a Traytour presume on the Kings favour , and Mordecai be out of the Kings grace ? But there shall be no such thing here : God is the Judg of all the earth , and shall not he do right ? Gen. 18. Doth God pervert judgment , or doth the Almighty pervert Justice ? Job 8.3 . When thou standest before the Judgment seat of God , thou shalt neither be elevated with vain hopes , nor dejected and cast down by sinister and wrong fears : but assure thy self , such as thy cause is , such shall thy sentence be , as Saint Bernard well ; a pure heart shall prevail more with God then a smooth word : good consciences shall speed better then full purses , for he is an upright and just Judg , with whom no fair words , nor friends shall prevail . So I have done with the first thing , The Judg. Secondly , something of the Judgment : and therein two things ; First that it shall be . Secondly , in what manner it shall be . First , that it shall be : The text is plain . God shall bring to Judgment . There might many Texts besides this be alledged consonant , and agreeable to this : but it is superfluous . Besides Texts of Scripture we have Types also to prefigure it ; and reasons also to prove and confirm it . Two Types of the last Judgment , our Saviour himself propoundeth , Luk , 17. One was the destruction upon Sodome : the other , the destruction that God brought upon the old world . Look ( as Christ saith ) how it was with them of Sodome in the dayes of Lot , they did eat , they drank , they bought , they sold , they planted , they builded : and look how it was with the men of the old world , in the dayes of Noah , eating and drinking , and sporting , and marrying , until the very day that Noah entred into the Ark , and the flood came , and destroyed them all : So it shall be at the last day , when the Son of man shall come . The Apostle Saint Peter ( speaking of the latter of these ) telleth us of mockers in those times , that scoffed when they heard of the Judgment : there hath been talk a great while of such things promised , but when will it come ? Where is the promise of his coming ? There are scoffers in these dayes , but such ( if there be any ) cannot but speak against their own consciences , and knowledg : they cannot be ignorant both of the Judgments that have been , and shall be , ( or if they be , they are wilfully ignorant ; ) That God did once wash away the sins of the world with a Flood of water , and that the time is coming , that God will purge the sins of the world with a flood of fire : the Rainbow in the clouds , as it is a Monument of the one ; so it is a fore-runner of the other . The two principal colours of the Rainbow , are blew , and red , the blew and waterish colour of the Rainbow is an evidence of that Judgment that is past , when God washed the sins of the world away by Water : the fiery colour is a prediction of a Judgment that is to come , when God shall purge the world by a Flood of fire . But besides these Types there are divers reasons that may be given to assure us , that we have reason to expect this day . Those five Attributes of God , afford five reasons to confirm it . His Power , his Wisdome , his Truth , his Justice , his Mercy . First his Power ; God will have it be thus , for the manifestation of his Power . A work of great power it will be indeed . All must be brought before Gods judgment seate , every one , as the Text saith after . It may seem strange ( peradventure incredible ) to here that all the men and women that ever lived in the world , that so many multitudes and millions of thousands of all kindreds and nations , should all be summoned to appear before one Judgement seat . But as Saint Austin faith , Consider who is the doer , and then thou wilt not doubt . It is true indeed with men , such a thing as this is impossible , but with God all things are possible . Could God at the first draw all things out of nothing , and cannot God as well bring together all again , when they are turned to nothing ? Could he make that body of thine out of the dust of the earth , and cannot he raise that body , when it is turned to dust ? Could he unite that body to the soul in the time of the Creation , and cannot he unite it at the time of the Resurrection ? Certainly there is nothing impossible , too hard , to the great and terrible voyce of God ( as Saint Chrysostome saith ) to that voyce of God that cleaveth the rocks , that breaks the brazen gates asunder , that looseneth the bands of death . Therefore unless thou question the power of God , no doubt but he is able , and can bring all of us to judgement . He will do it for the manifestation of his power . Secondly , as for the manifestation of his power , so for the manifestation of his wisdome . It is a point of wisdome , when one hath made a thing , to bring it to the intended end for which he made it . Beloved , this is Gods intended end in making of us : therefore he brought us hither into the world , not that we should have alwayes a Being here , but that after a certaine time we should be dissolved , and put into an everlasting condition , therefore Saint Peter speaking of the salvation of Gods elect , he calleth it , the end of their faith : not only the end they aspire , but that end that God hath assigned , and appointed them to . If God should faile of his end , we might call his wisdome into question : it might give us occasion to say , that he undertook that , which he was not able to accomplish : so that insteed of shewing himself wife , he should shew himself weake . Therefore except we should call his wisdome into question , doubtless he will call us one day to an Account . Thirdly , for the manifestation of his truth : nothing gaineth God more honour , then that he is faithful and true , in whatsoever he hath promised . Now this day of Judgement , is the day wherein God hath promised to recompence the faith of the godly , and hath threatned to punish the wickedness of the wicked : he hath appointed a day for it , faith the Scripture , Acts 17.31 . What though it be a great while since the promise was made : for all this we must not think that God is slack as men account slackness ? the slacknesse of men is when they keep not their promise according to appointment : we must not think God is so slack , he alwayes keepeth his day that he hath set , he never faileth of his promise , but when the time is come , he keeps touch , he breaks not his day . As it is said , Ezod . 22.41 . After the four hundred and thirty years were expired that God spake to Abraham , the very same day , all the children of Israel went out of Egypt . How many promises and threatnings after do we read of , wherein he never failed of the performance of what he spake , the least tittle ? therefore ( saith Saint Gregory ) we have seen so many of Gods promises , already verified , that we may be confident , that those that are to come , shall also be accompilshed : surely he will not fail in this , but as certainly as he hath promised , it shall come to pass . So that unless we shall deny the truth of God ( who the Scripture saith , cannot , it is impossible that he should lie ) we must of necessity beleeve , that for the manifestation of his Truth there will be a day of Judgement . Fourthly , as for the manifestation of his Truth , so of his Justice , and Mercy . I will put them together . It is the property of Justice to render punishment to those that have done evil : and of Mercy to recompence those that have done well . Now therefore for the manifestation of his Justice and Mercy this day must come . It is true , here many times wicked men speed better then Gods people : A man may sin a hundred times , and yet God porlong his dayes : and the children of God on the other side , are persecuted and neglected : so that here he giveth not retribution to every one according to his works . Whereas it standeth with equity and justice , that well-doers should be rewarded , and evil-doers should be punished ; the stream runneth contrary , wicked men speed well , and good men ill : Naboth cannot have a poor Vineyard , but one rich Ahab or other is ready to get it away : They ●…at my people as bread : and they eat the bread of Gods people : they eate the inheritance of the fatherless , and devour widdows houses : so that here all is turned topsie-turvey , as if the world were a thing cruciated , tearing it self . If this world should last alwayes , where were Gods justice ? And therefore for the manifestation of Gods justice and mercy , there must be a day of retribution , when for that portion of sorrow that the godly have had here , they shall have a portion of happiness and joy ; and when for that cup of pleasure that the wicked have drank here , they shall have put into their hands a cup of trembling and wrath . If Dives enjoy his good things here , let him look for a day , when he shall be denied a drop of water : It Lazarus have had his ill things here , let him look when the day shall come , that he shall be rewarded . Except we will divest , and strip God of all his Attributes , deny his power , his wisdome , his truth , his justice , and mercy , we cannot but confess , that certainly there is a day to come , when God will bring us to judgement . That is for the first . That the day of Judgement shall come . In the next place we are to consider , as that it shall be , so in what manner , and how it shall be . Briefly ; the manner of this Judgment , is set forth to us in the Scripture , in five particulars ; First , the Summons . Secondly , the Appearance . Thirdly , the Separation . Fourthly , the Triall . Fifthly , the Sentence . First , the Summons . All shall be summoned to come before Gods Judgement seat : and this Summons of theirs shall be by the voyce of Christ himself : The dead in the grave shall hear the voyce of the son of man , and they shall come forth , &c. Job . 5.28 . This voyce in Scripture is called the Trump of the Angel ; He shall send his Angels , and they shall gather the Elect together , from the four winds , Mat. 24.31 . The Trump shall blow , and the dead shall arise . 1 Cor. 15. The Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout , with the voyce of the Archangel , with the Trump of GOD , and the dead shall rise . 1 Thes . 4.16 . At the giving of the Law , there was the sound of a Trumpet : so when God shall come to punish the breach of the Law , the Angel shall blow the Trumpet : Trumpets are commonly blown at a Battel , or at a Feast : at a Feast they sound joyfully : when it is at a Battel they sound dreadfully : both shall sound here at that day , the sound of the Trumpet to the godly , shall be as at a Feast : but the sound of the Trumpet in the ears of the wicked , shall be as a summons to battel . If we will have the joyful sound of that voyce then , we must welcome the voyce of Christ now : God now speaks by men , then by Angels : Now the Trumpet of the Gospel soundeth , then the Trumpet of Judgement shall sound : we must learn o bedience to this , and then we shall find a great deal of comfort in that : there is a Surgite that we must hearken to now , arise from sin , Come unto me all yea that are weary , and heavy laden ; if we hearken to this , we shall never fear that Surgite venite then , Arise you dead and come to judgement . That is the first . The Summons . Secondly , the Appearance : after the Summons all shall make their appearance : We must all appear before the Judgment seat of Christ , 2 Cor. 5.10 . This Appearance it is general , and personal : the general , all must come : the particular , and personal , every one shall come in his own person : We shall appear for our selves , every man for himself , shall give an account to God , Rom. 14.12 . In other Courts if men appear for themselves by another , it is enough , but here , Per se , by himself . That is the reason that this day it is called in Scripture , the day of manifestation . First , because Christ himself shall be revealed , and manifested in that day ; We look for the day of the Revelation of Jesus Christ , 1 Cor. 1.7 . Secondly , because the Attributes of God shall be revealed then ; his patience , and long animity , his righteousness , and justice , a day of Revelation of the just judgment of God , Rom. 2. Finally , because we our selves shall be revealed , and manifested , all our wayes and works : the godly , and the works that they have done , though never so secret : the wicked , and their works , the secret sins that they have committed . That is the second thing in the manner of the Judgment . First , that all shall be summoned ; secondly , upon the Summons , all shall be made to appear . Thirdly , the Separation that shall be made at that time : for when all are congregated , by and by , all shall be severed and separated : a separation and division shall be made amongst them : some shall be set at the right hand of the Judg , some at the left hand : As a shepheard searcheth his flock , in the day when he is amongst his sheep that are scatered , so I will search out my sheep at that day , and I will divide between cattel and cattel , between the sheep and the goats . The Sheep and the Goats here they flock , feed , and fold together , they will do so , they must do so . The Tares here must be let alone , and grow with the corn , till the day of harvest , but yet afterward there shall be a division and a separation : the wicked and the godly live together here , but at the last the wicked shall be separated from the godly , like the chaff from the wheat ; as when two travel one way , they pass together , and lodg together , but the next morning they part , and take several wayes ; so the wicked and the godly , after they have been here a time , eating and dirinking , conversing and living , and perhaps dying , and rotting in the graves together , notwithstanding when this day , that I here speak of , shall come , then there shall be a separation and division made , then the sheep shall be set on the right hand ; then you shall know which is Jacobs flock , and which is Labans : which belong to Christ , and which belong to Sathan , then the chaff shall be winnowed from the wheat , and we shall see which is for the Barn , and which is for the fire . Go on , you wicked still , seem the same you are not , delude the eyes of the world , that you have the same heart that you appear ; you have Masks and Vizards now , the time will come your paint shall be washed off , your fig-leaves shall be stripped , and your nakedness shall be seen , and all manifest at that day of God : there shall be a separation of the good from the bad , as the shepheard separateth his sheep from the Goats . Fourthly , with this separation , there shall be a tryal the Scripture speaks of : after the conventing and separation , there shall be a tryal . I saw ( faith Saint John , Revel . 20.12 . ) the dead , small and great stand before God , and the books were opened , and another book was opened , which is the book of life , and the dead were Judged out of those things , which were written in those books , according to their works . Mark , there are several books , and so as there are several books , there are several judgments , some are tryed by one book , some by another . First , there are some books , by which the works of men are tryed : the book of Nature , the book of Scripture , the book of Conscience . They that never heard of Christ shall be judged by the book of Nature : there is enough in the book of Nature to leave all unexcusable . They that live in the Church , shall be tryed , and judged by the book of the Scripture : Of the Law , They that have sinned under the the Law , shall be judged by the Law : Of the Gospel , God shall judg the secrets of all hearts according to my Gospel . Both of them shall be judged according to the book of Conscience : for God will lay that book so clear and open , that they shall see what they have done against that Book . Lord , what a many of sins have we committed here , that we never remember and think of , when they are done . Our memory and conscience row is a Book clasped up , we see not a thousand things that are registred there ; but when God shall lay open that Book , and inlarge our memories , and inl ghten our consciences , then men shall clearly see what they had forgot before : they shall promptly dictate the whole course of our lives , and aquaint us with every action that hath past us , and every circumstance , to accuse , and excuse . This is the kind of the tryal , by which the works of men shall be tryed . Lastly , with the Summons there shall be an appearance , and with that a separation , and a tryal , after all these are done , then cometh the sentence , then the Sentence shall be pronounced upon the one , and upon the other : the one Sentence full of sweetness and comfort , every word droppeth as a honey combe ; Come you blessed of my Father , inherit the kingdome prepared for you , from the beginning of the world : The same voyce that Christ spake to them here , Come to me : the same shall be there , Come ye blessed : and as they were careful to come to Christ here , so they shall make a happy coming to Christ there . The other is a sentence of Hell , and wrath , and horrour , Depart ye cursed into everlasting fire , prepared for the divel and his Angels : as they desired here to depart from God , and said to him depart from us ; so they shall hear that word of horrour and woe , pronounced at that day : they shall be sent away into fire , to have their portion with the Divel and his Angels . Thus brefly , I have shewed concerning the person Judging . First for the Judg himself , God. And then for the Judgment ; first , that it must be : and then the manner how . I should go on to the next general point ; that is , to consider the things and persons Judged , every work , of every man , whether it be good , or whether it be evil ; And so I should have given the Application , and Use of all together . But so much for this time . A TRYAL OF SINCERITY : OR , THE DESIRE OF THE FAITHFUL . SERMON XV. ISAIAH 26.8 , 9. Yea , in the way of thy Judgements , O Lord , have we waited for thee : the desire of our soul is to thy Name , and to the remembrance of thee . With my soul have I desired thee in the night : yea , with my spirit within me , will I seek thee early : for when thy judgements are in the earth ; the inhabitants of the world , will learn righteousness . THis Chapter is a sweet Song of the Prophet , ( if I mistake not ) concerning the restauration of the Jews And the words of the Text , are the sweet Swan-like Song of our deceased Sister , which she desired might be her Funeral Song , her Funeral Text , at this time ; and desired it long ago , before any thing , that is now fallen out , came to pass . And I have accordingly pitched upon it : not onely to satisfie her desire in a just thing : but especially , because I approve her choice of a fit Text ; there being not in the whole Scripture , a portion that will afford a fitter Character ( in my apprehension ) for her person : as you shall understand in the close , to which therefore I shall deser the speaking to the present occasion . The truth is I have handled a good part of this chapter formerly , and in this place : but now we shall clean go another way than then I did , and than I usually do . I shall only desire to present so much one of these words without any curious observation or division , as may represent to us a perfect character of a sweet Christiin-minded man or woman : which may be of singular use , and very profitable . There be only two things , that I shall observe in the whole words ? I shall but go them over briefly , taking out the main points ( as I conceive ) for that purpose , I shall mention them . We have here propounded to to us the compleat duty of a Christian . And we have here some effectual motives intimated to stir Christians up to the preformance of that duty . There is a general duty , ( to begin with that first ) that belongeth to Christians at all times . And there are some special duties which concerne Christians in some special times . Both contained here . The general duty ( I shall not , as I said , handle it in my former way of observation , but only explicate the very words of the Text , and that will be enough for me . ) The general duty ( I say ) of a Christian , and what should be the temper of his heart , and spirit at all times , we may find expressed ( at least intimated ) very sweetly , with some excellent directions in the Text , in the so th●…e circumstances . First , we may see here what is the true Object , upon which a Christian soul should be fixed . Secondly , we may see the Latitude of the Acts which a Christian must exercise upon that Object . Thirdly , we may take notice , of the manner , and of the degree in which every one of these Acts must be exercised . I shall but touch these briefly out of the words , and then come to the special duties , belonging to special times . First , to begin with the Object . The desire of our soul is toward thee , and to the remembrance of thy Name . God , and the name of God , is that , which should be printed in the heart of a Christian 〈◊〉 should be that to which the By●… and st●…am of his whose soul runs . First , I say , it should be fixed upon God. We are here in the world placed ( as it were ) between heaven and earth : Now all the manner is , how our Byas is set , which way that turns . As the Byas is of the heart , so the man is . Our hearts may be turned downwards to the earth , and to earthly things , and so we shall run a course of ruin and destruction : our hearts again , the Byas of them , may be settoward heaven , and heavenly things , and so we shall run the right course that we ought . It is God that our souls should breath after . Fecisti nos , Do nine , propter te , faith a Father : thou hast made us , O Lord , for thy self , and our souls are restless till they return again to thee . As they say of Circles . The Circle , the round figure , is the most perfect figure , and the most capacious figure , because there the line that beginneth in one point goeth round , till it return into the same again . So this is the greatest perfection of a man , when he returneth to his beginning : he had all from God , and when he reflects himself altogether back again unto God , he attaineth his greatest perfection . And indeed there will be no more rest for the soul in any thing out of God , then there is for a stone , or a weighty body in the liquid ayre . Hang a stone in the Ayre , and do but once remove the force that holds it there , will it , nill it , give but a way to it , and it will cut through , and never rest , till it come to a sollid substance , till it come to the earth , if it may to the Center of the earth . It is so with the soul of man : try it in all the fortunes , and states , and conditions in the world , as a great Emperour said , I have run through all things , and my spirit will rest in nothing : and as Solomon giveth us this observation out of all his travel , and experiment that he had made , Vanity of vanity , all is vanity , and worse then vanity too , vexation of spirit : this is the sum of all ; fear God , and keep his commandenents ; as he concludeth . This is the Object , upon which our soul should be set , we should have an eye to God ; labouring to approve ourselves to him : making our approaches , and adresses , and returns to him ; that our soul may rest with him , that we may enjoy the light of his countenance here , and the fulness , and brightness of his glory hereafter . This is the first thing in the Object . Now , if a soul be carried toward this Object , toward God ; and we can out-go , and out-grow these worldly things , look above them , and look down upon them with scorne : then the very name of God will be sweet , and precious to us . To thee , and to thy name . Every thing which is a memorial , a remembrance of God , Every thing by which God may be known , will be taken notice of . All his Attributes , his Word , and Ordinances , and all other things which come within the compass of his Name ( as I suppose there are not many here but know , according to the ordinary explication of Divines , of the third Commandement , Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain ; and the first Petition , hallowed be thy name ; What is meant by the name of God ) When the heart ( I say ) is set upon God , it even will leap for joy at the very name of God : the very name of God will be sweet to him . To enjoy God is sweet , and to have but a glimpse of him , to have him but represented by name , is sweet too . As it is reported of a Father , that was a godly man , and a Martyr in his time : that he was so frequent in roling the name of Christ , the name of Jesusin his mouth , that when he died , it is reported that in his heart there was ingraven , and written , the character of that Name in golden letters . And as Saint Austin speaks of himself ; Time was ( faith he ) that I found infinite sweetness , it was honey to me to read a piece of Tully , there was so much eloquence in it : but after I came to be a Christian , to be acquainted with God , and with Christ , then , me thought , the leaves were dry , and the beauty withered ; I found no such sappe , nor rellish in them . And he giveth the reason : Because ( faith he ) I did not there find the Name of my blessed Lord : they did not bring to my remembrance , they were not Vehicula ; instruments , to convey to my soul , something of my God ; Therefore all that Eloquence vanished , and it was but an empty sound : like a Cart that runs with speed , rattleth , and makes a great noise when it is empty : so all the goodly sound of words , when there is nothing of God carried along with it , that puts us in mind of God , it will have but little savour and relish to a pious heart . But I must not dilate upon things , lest I prevent my self in what I more intend . This is the first thing , that I note here : the Object upon which we should place our hearts and souls : they should be toward God , and toward his Name . But then secondly , here is intimated in these words , nay , and directly exprest , the Acts which a Christian should exercise upon the Object . There are three Acts that are here mentioned : ( for the whole soul must be taken up , and carried with full stream toward God in all the parts and faculties of it , and so we have it here clearly exprest . ) First , here is an act of the Understanding , the intellectuall faculty mentioned : Our rememberance is toward thy name . There is a remembrance of God and his name . And this should be one thing which a Christian should take special care of . Our memories should not be like sieves , to let out the clear water , and to return the grains and the dreggs : We should not have that treasury to preserve rubbish , but to preserve our Jewels : as when there was a dispute before Alezander that great King , concerning a rich Cabinet , that he took among his spoils , when he had overthrown Darius King of Persia ; the richest Cabinet of the most costly Jewles , that the world had then seen : there was a dispute before him , to what use he should put it : and every one having exprest their minds according as their fancies lead them : the King himself concluded , that he would keep that Cabinet to be a treasury to lay the books of Homer in . I am sure , the richest Cabinet that is , is in the soul of a man , the memory , which is the treasure-house where we lay up all that we know and learn : it is a rich Cabinet I confess , and therefore the fitter for the richest Jewel ; to lay up the word of God there : as Mary , treasured up those things she heard in her heart : to lay up the remembrance of God there : often to think upon God. It is a very sweet saying of a learned and godly Father : A man should oftener remember God , then he doth breath . As the Common-wealth is maintained by exportation , and importation of commodities ; so is our life maintained by a continual exportation , and importation of the Ayre , passing to and fro : breathing out the Ayre , when it is too hot in us , and fetching it in cool again , to refresh and supply the spirits : our life ( I say ) is maintained by it : and God is the very fountaine of life to us : even as the soul is the life of the body , so is God the life of the soul ; therefore we should alwayes be remembring of God , so ost as we breath : breathing out prayers to him , or praises of him in return of his mercy . Our memories ( I say ) should be exercised in thinking upon God , in remembering of God ; Remember thy Creator , in the dayes of thy youth , faith Solomon : We should begin betimes , and we should never be weary of this . The memory is one of the brittlest parts , and we are most apt in age to grow to oblivion and forgetfulness : as that great Oratour did sometime , it is reported of him , that his memory ( which was incomparably excellent before ) failed him so much before he died , that he forgat his own name . We cannot forget God , but we must be worse then he , and do that first , forget our own name , that we are Christians , that we are sons and daughters of God. Therefore this should be a thing , that we should often inure our selves unto , not to put the thoughts of God from us , or think they are too sad and serious , and so to account them as unwelcome guests : but we should rather often , bath our selves in these sweet delights , in the meditation , and remembrance of God. That is one thing . And then secondly ; besides the act of the understanding ( I will go according to the words of the text ) there is an act of the will , and of the affections : one onely named as a taste of all the rest : for indeed where one is , all are , they are so linked and chained together , that they cannot be separate : And here is a sweet act of affection mentioned ; The desire of our soul is toward thee . This should be one part of a Christians character , that his desire should be alwayes breathing out , and flaming up towards heaven : that if he cannot at least obtain the highest pitch of full sayls of love , and of a full perfection in vertue and grace : yet , whatsoever he cometh short in otherwise , to make it up with abundant desires , ardent longing desires , not to come short in that to be sure : that will make an excel lent supply . And indeed , it is that , that poor and weak Christians must trust to many times , must relieve themselves with thoughts of : they often find themselves exceeding short , and defective in performances : if they did not find some desires working in them , there would scarse be any symptome of life . As it may be in the body : a man can see sometimes , but little motion in the body : scarse any symptome of life , the pulse is very weak and faint , and scarse moveth at all that can be discerned : but yet it may be there is some kind of breath stirring , or else we conclude the party dead : so it is in this case : desire is that ( if there be truth in it , be it the lowest degree of it ) which is an evidence of spiritual life : there cannot be truth of grace , where there is not unfeigned , and hearty desires toward God , desires to approve our selves to him , desires to walk with him in our whole course , desires to be defective in nothing : and that is in some sort true ( as you know Divines have determined it , and if it be not mis-interpreted , there is a certain truth in it ) the desire of grace , is the grace it self : and the desire of God , is that which makes some union , and giveth us some communion and fellowship with God. For it is impossible that the heart should desire , and long after God , except it be , that the heart be pointed with love toward God , except the heart love God : for desire is nothing but a certain configuration of love : Love is the general affection of the soul to any thing that is good in all the postures of it . Now if it fall out that the good thing I love , be absent from me , that I have it not in possession , then love is shaped out , and sheweth it self in desires . It must needs be therefore , that where there are desires towards God , and desires of grace , there is somewhat of God formed in that person , there is something of grace begun : at least the first lineaments thereof are drawn in some kind of truth . This is the second Act that Christians should exercise , and take special care to cherish : that they have continual pantings , and breathings of desires toward God : their hearts should work , and beat toward him continually . But then in the third place , there is another thing expressed in the words of the Text , and that is , these desires are not only ( according to our Proverb of wishers and woulders ) ineffectuall desires ; desires that are meer gaping , to see if the thing will drop into our mouths or no , without any bestirring of our selves ; but here is joyned with them ( if we peruse the words of the Text , we shall find it ) endeavours : I have desired thee in the night , and I will seek thee early : the soul of a Christian desires God in the evening , and his spirit will seek him early in the morning , ( for those particulars of the time , I shall touch by and by , but now I only take notice of that third distinct act here mentioned , which is , ) our desires must be joyned with inquiries , with indeavours , to search after God , to see if we may grope by any means to find him out , to learn to know what is the way of his good will and pleasure , how we may lead a life that may be acceptable to him , and how we may come to the possession , and assurance of his favour , and be accepted in his sight . Except there be endeavours it is a shrewd suspition , that the desires are ineffectual desires , and unformed desires : and not those that argue any life , and truth of grace . But when our desires are joyned with these bestirrings of the soul , to seek after God , to search him out in his Word , in his Ordinances , to find his steps , and to find his goings , and so to maintaine a sweet and holy communion with him : that is a sweet act of Grace , and a certaine ratification , and seal of the truth of it . But then , let me add the third thing . In what height are all these actions to be boyled up ? or in what manner must we tender these services to God in this kind ? How must our understandings lay hold upon God , and treasure him up in our memories ? How must our affections and desires work toward him ? how must our endeavours be carried toward God ? The manner of all these will make this compleat , and so make up the full and compleat Character of a Christian , in this general duty . First , the soul must be carried intimately , and most inwardly : the inward motions and workings of the soul and spirit must be toward God. And therefore the Prophet here expresseth these acts , as the acts of the very soul and spirit of a man. All outward actions of seeking toward God , and making our approaches and addresses toward him , they are all such as may be counterfeited , a hypocrite may act them . There is nothing in the world , no shape of any external thing in the world ; but a Painter with his Pensil can draw the picture of it , give a resemblance of the thing : and there is no outward action in the world , that belongeth to God , or to Christianity , but it is possible for a Painter , for a base hypocrite to represent them with an artificiall pensil . But the inward acts of life , that no Painter can imitate : a Painter cannot make a picture to have heart , and entrailes , and lunges , to have life and motion , and spirits , and bloud stirring in the veines : all those things a Painter cannot imitate ; he can make shapes , but he cannot put the life into them : he can make outward formes , but he cannot put the inwards to them . Now then this is that intended here : all those outward actions must be animated actions : not dead actions , actions that have no further bottome then the teeth out wards , that grow upon the house top : a word growing upon the tip of the tongue , that hath no root in the heart , and so for the rest . But they must have the root in the heart and soul of a man ; that must inwardly be carried towards God. And when the heart and soul , and spirit of a man ( all which words are here used ) by a supernatural grace that is implanted in them , when ( I say ) they are thus carried toward God , it is an argument of spiritual life ; that there is some life . Secondly , they must be carried sincerely , not for any by , or base respects . When a man makes toward any person or thing , and professes love to it : and doth it not for the thing it self , but for some by end ; he doth not love that person he makes to , but he loveth that thing for whom he makes to that person . As for example : A man scrapeth and croucheth , and keeps a do with a man , that he never saw or knew , one that he is ready , it may be ( when his back is turned ) to curse : but yet he will do this for his almes , for his gain , to make a prey , a use of him some way : this man loveth his almes , loveth his prey , loveth his bounty : but it is no argument of love to the man. So it is in this case : for a man to make toward God , and to seem to own him , and to be one of the generation of those that seek his face , to address himself in outward confotmity , and many other things , by which another may charitably ( if he have no other ground ) judge of him : all this is nothing , except a man may discern something that may give him a taste , that his spirit doth uprightly , and sincerely seek God ; that he loveth God , for God himself ; that he loveth grace , for grace it self ; he loveth the Commandements of God , because they are Gods commandements , and because they are beautiful , being according to the rule of his Word . But otherwise , if it be any sinister thing , that carrieth a man on toward God , it is no argument of the life , and truth of grace . You know it is so in experience : there be many things that move , and yet their motion is no argument of life : A wind-mill , when the wind serveth , moveth , and moveth very nimbly too : yet you do not say presently that that is a living creature : No , it moveth only by an external cause , by an artificial contrivance ; it is so framed , that when the wind setteth in such and such a corner , it will move , and so having but an external Moter , and cause to move , and no inward principle , no soul within it to move it , it is an argument that it is no living creature . So it is here : if a man see another move , and move very fast , in those things which of themselves are the wayes of God , see him move as fast to hear a Sermon as his neighbour doth ; is as forward and hasty to thrust himself , and bid himself a guest to the Lords Table , ( when God hath not bid him ) as any ; the Question is , what principle sets him awork : if it be an inward principle of life , out of a sincere affection , and love to God and his ordinances that carrieth him to this : it argueth that man hath some life of grace , But if it be some wind that bloweth him on ; the wind of State , the wind of Law , the wind of danger , of penalty , the wind of fashion or custome , to do as his neighbours do : if these or such like , be the things that draw him thither ; this is no argument of life at all : it is a cheap thing , it is counterfeit , and poor ware . Thirdly , ( that which I have often said to be the principal , and the most considerable thing ( that I know ) in all practical Divinity , and which is the most Charactaristical , of the truth of Grace , and of the life of Piety in any one ) our spirits , and souls , and affections towards God , must be advanced to this hieght : to be carried toward God , above all other things . I beseech you seriously think of it : I have often spoken of it , but it may be there may be some room left for the mention of it now , and some necessity of pondering it well . It will be the Charactaristical thing , by which a man may most certainly discern himself . And I would desire to know wherein my defect of understanding is , if I be mistaken : but it seems to me as a clear thing , that every one here , that hath not a mind to affront the mind of God , he dares not contest this argument , that it is a rational thing , that if God be the best of Beings , he should have the best portion in our love . All reason commands us to love that best , which is best : and to dispense our love according to the degree of the excellency of the thing . There is no man but apprehendeth this clearly . A man may say that he loves his Wife , and he will prove it : and this shall be his argument , I love her aswell , as I do another woman : Is this the proof of conjugall love ? was this the covenant made between them ? hath he fulfilled it in this case to her ? or 〈◊〉 to him ? There is no man but seeth that there is more required : there is a peculiarity , and propriety of love required in this case . It must certainly be so here ; for we contract and espouse our souls to Christ , and upon those very terms , for better , and for worse , to forsake all the world , and to cleave to him alone : and if our spirits be not raised and advanced to that degree of affection , that Christ and God be so lovely , and beautiful , in our eyes , and so good ( for I name one sometime , and sometime another , it is all one upon the point ) if ( I say ) they be not advanced thus high : the conjugal knot was never tyed between Christ and the soul : it is impossible therefore that such a one should have to plead the benefits that flow from a Conjugal union : neither can he have title or right to any thing that issueth from a marriage with Christ , whose soul did but equivocate , and would never speak out the words , and who never answered the interrogations of a good conscience ( as Saint Peter speaks in another case ) that when the soul ( in the contract ) should say , that she takes him for to love , and honour , and obey him , and to make him her Lord and Saviour : if the soul do not yeeld to this , which it cannot do , if it do not esteem him the best of all others , and that all others are to be thrown away , and to be forsaken in comparison of him . This is the third circumstance I have noted hence , which I suppose is intimated in these words : Though I have not said it is exprest here , yet it is so carryed with such a fulness ( the desire of our soul is to thee , and to the remembrance of thy name ) as if it were to God only , or at least , to him principally . But I must hasten . In the fourth place . It must be universal love , and so a universal obedience ( which is the fruit of it ) which must justifie the truth of our affections towards God , and set the heart in a right frame and temper . Except a man love God , and love all the wayes of God , and all the ordinances of God , and yeeld himself in subjection , and resign himself in obedience to them all : if he do but reserve , and make choyce of any one sin , to lye and wallow , and tumble in , he doth evacuate all the other good , he throweth down all the other good with that one evil . Will you come and plead with God , that there is but one sin that you have defiled and polluted your soul with , and wallowed and tumbled in all your life , and I hope , God will never refuse me , or bar me out of his presence , and fellowship and communion with him for that ? Yes , you are as filthy , all over as filthy and defiled , and abominable , and odious to his eye , and to every other sense , aswel with one , as if you had been in ten thousand slowghes one after another . And as the Philosopher speaks , a Cup , or some such thing , that hath a hole in it , is no Cup , it will hold nothing , and therefore cannot performe the use of a cup , though it have but one hole in it : so if the heart have but one hole in it ; if it retain the divel but in one thing : as we use to say ; in law , one man in possession , keeps possession , and a man can never have true possession , till he have voyded all : so , except all be rooted out and extirpated , and a man cometh to yeeld a full and absolute subjection to Christ universally , Christ hath no part or portion in us , nor we in him . Lastly , ( there were divers other particulars , that I thought to have added in this : but I see I must pass them over ) It is not every affection , that may seem to have some height and universality , though I do acknowledg that they will in some measure characterise out the truth , but yet there must be this addition : as it was with the seed that was cast into the good ground , it had depth of earth : so this must have depth in the heart , it must be well rooted , and fastned for perpetuity : it must be a constant assection , grounded and established in the heart . The Ayre ( you know ) is light , and yet we call it not a lightsome body , because it is lighted by the presence of another , and when that light body is removed it is dark , you may say it is dark , for the Ayre is dark in the night , when the Sun is absent , as it is light when the Sun is present : those we call lightsome bodyes , whose light is originated , and rooted in themselves . So it is in this case : such are not godly persons that may have some injections of godly thoughts , and godly affections cast into them , and be in them for a spurt , and for a brunt , and for a little flash ( like a flash of lightning in the Ayre ) and gone away again presently : but it must be rooted and grounded in a man , so as that it will continue , continue so as that the exercise of graces and duties toward God should be frequent and quotidian : as it is here in the Text : The desire of our soul is to thee , in the evening , and our spirit shall seek thee early in the morning : Morning and evening , frequently , daily , to have commerce and communion with God , to walk with him , to set our selves in his presence , and to approve our selves to him , to make it our constant trade to do so , to be Gods dayes-men , to work by the day with him , and withal to be constant to hold out for perpetuity . Only time can discover truth ; and truth is the daughter of time to us : God knoweth it before , but we can never know , but by the holding out , but by the perpetuity . I acknowledg there is a great difference between that which the Scripture calleth temporary faith , and that which it calleth saving faith : there is ( I say ) a great difference : they do not only differ in this , that the one holdeth out , and the other doth not hold out : but they differ in their vital principles , by vertue of which one holdeth out , because it hath a more noble nature in it : and the other , because it is a slighter timbered thing , it doth not hold out : because the one is a real , and true , and substantial beauty of grace , the other but a superficial and painted beauty : substantial beauty , that is founded upon nature , upon our complexion , whether it rain or shine , it will hold out in both : but painted beauty , one fears a little wet will alter the painting , another , lest a little heat should do it . A painted beauty will not hold , but true will hold . And they that do love true , love long , as our Proverb saith : I am certain it is so here , they who do once love God truly , love God for ever . I will dispatch the rest in a word . There be some special duties , besides these generals , which make the general character of a Christian : I say , there are some special duties , that do concern him according to the speciallity of times . Now there is a double time , and so a double posture of a Christian , in which accordingly he hath several suits of graces to put on , and to exercise . There is a double dealing of God ( which is the foundation of it ) God dealeth sometime in a way of mercy and favor toward his servants : and God dealeth sometime in a way of Judgment , and wrath , and displeasure : and he doth so , ( though not as an angry Judg , but as a father that is angry ) even with his own servants . Now accordingly , as this general temper , and frame of spirit , should be at all times ; so it should shew and discover it self , in those several times . In the time when God sheweth favour , then the servant of God is to serve God so much the more chearfully , and so much the more fruitfully ; to run the wayes of Gods commandements , because God inlargeth his way ; and giveth him free scope , and more opportunities , and advantages for it : and to improve those favours for the advancement of his glory that gave them . But the particular thing that is especially exprest here ( though that be intimated too , and it is noted as a character here of a wicked spirit , that they will do wickedly in the land of uprightness : that is , in the land where God dealeth very gently , and gratiously , and uprightly with them every way , and squarely , that they can no way complain ; it is a wicked spirit that doth so . ) But that which is specially meant here ( in the way of thy judgments will we wait for thee ) is , that Gods servants will not only , not start ( if their temper be right ) from God when he smiles upon them ; but they will love him when he frowneth , they will even then stoop and kiss the rodd , they will then obey him : Gods children will acknowledg him to be their Father and Lord , and submit to him , even when he is angry . Here is a vast difference between the godly and the wicked , ( as I shall a little touch by and by . ) As the Father speaks even to this very purpose : when sweet oyntment is chased , it smells the more sweet , it delivereth the persume the more excellent ; but in a dunghill , in a filthy place , stir it , and the more you stir , the more it stinks . Wicked spirits , when God doth but chafe them , manifest the filth and corruption that is within them ; as a man may know money ( as he saith ) when it falleth down , whether it be silver or brass , it will then betray it self : so here , their language , their speech will betray them then , and declare what they are . The divel thought that Job had been of such a temper , that he would have curst God to his face , if he would lay his hand upon him , and touch him : but it was far otherwise , because he was of a better mettal and stamp , therefore he blessed God in the middest of judgment , as he had done formerly in the middest of his mercies . And this is that a Christian should do : labour to be fruitful in thankfulness , and chearfulness of spirit , when God sheweth favour , and give●… any ease , and mercy to him ; and labour likewise to be faithful and constant to him , even when his judgments are a broad . But there be divers particulars in that , ( I will but meerly mentich them . ) There be these sour things , as so many sleps and degrees of the duty of a Christian in the times of Judgment , whether they be impendant , or incombent , whether they be publick , or private , that concern the Church , or particular persons . First of all , the duty of a Christian in the times of Judgment ( if he be of a right temper ) is Perseverance , to hold out , not to be beaten off for a little storm or shock , but to keep on his pace , to keep on his way . Travellers that go to sea : meerly to be sick a little , or in sport , if there arise but a black cloud , they presently give over , their voyage is at an end ; they come not to venture shocks , and storms , and danger ; they come for pleasure : but the Merchant , that is bound upon a voyage , whose trade and imployment of life it is , every cloud and wind , doth not make him to return back again to shoare , and to give over ; but he goeth them through : so it is in this case , one that is not indeed and in earnest travelling toward heaven , he will be easily off upon a little storm arising ; if God do but frown , if there be but a wrinckle in his brow : all his pleasure in religion is gone , for it was some other things he aymed at , it was but for pleasure he came in here : but a godly Christian who is bound for heaven , whose voyage is set for heaven , and his course and the bent of his soul lyeth that way , that like a Ship with full Sail is carried toward heaven : storms will not beat him off , but he will persevere . Secondly , there is a necessary use ( as there should be perseverance , so ) that there should be a kind of excellency and precellency of all holy duties ( which I mentioned in the general before ) which a man should exercise so much the more industriously and painfully in storms and difficulties . All sweet odours are refreshing to the head at any time , but when there is a stinking place that is offensive , men hold them closer to them : so it should be with all the graces of Gods Spirit , with all holy duties , they should be pretious to us at all times ; but specially in times of stress and difficulty : Oh then we should cleave close to them , then multiply in prayers , then multiply in our holy walking with God , then multiply examining diligently our wayes , and looking more strictly and narrowly to our selves ; then we should reflect more seriously upon our lives , and then we should excel our selves : or else it will not countervail , and be an Antidote against the evil and bitterness of the times . Thirdly there should be shewed patience in the time of affliction , in the time of Gods Judgment : we should not mutter against God , nor struggle , nor be violent against him : but humbly and meekly lay our selves down before him . It is the Lord , let him do what seemeth him good in his eyes . And Lastly , there should be a proficiency : that the inhabitants of the earth will learn righteousness : we should patiently wait upon God in the way of his Judgments , and withall we should be good proficients , then to learn righteousness . Gods rod should be to us as the fescue is to the child , the fescue points out to the child the letter , makes him take notice of it : and so Gods rod points out many good lessons which we should never otherwise learn and take notice of . I had never known ( as Luthers wife said sometime ) what such and such things meant , in such and such Psalmes , such complaints and workings of spirit ; I had never understood the practise of our duty , if God had not brought me under some affliction : affliction was a Commentary , and fescue to point out my lesson to me ; and by that I understood . Let me but mention one thing more in a word , ( I shall leave the Application , because I am prevented . ) Here is now the sum of a Christians duty , which I have recommended to you , out of the words of the verses read : partly general duties that belong to all Christians in all times : and partly some particular duties which concern them more specially in some special times . There is a motive or two to press and stir us up to the performance of these duties . There is one in a verse before those I have read , ( the seventh verse ) The way of the just is uprightness : thou most upright dost weigh the path of the just . Here the first Motive is from the consideration of God. God is a holy overseer of all our wayes ; a spectatour of all our carriage and behaviour , how we do carry our selves , and approve our selves to him . God is not only a spectatour , and an overseer of our wayes , but he is an expencer , a weigher and Judg-of our wayes ; to reward every man according to his works : and we should often cast our eyes to God , and see him looking upon us in our carriages , to put some more awe upon our spirits , that we may not wantonly break out against God , not daring to do evil in the presence of that holy God which one day we know , we must be brought to account for , at the great Judgment . But I can but name it . There is a second Motive in the close , in those words which stand last of those I read , and a verse following . And that is from men , from the particular proper character of a Christian : it is that which differenceth a godly man from a wicked man. Herein lies the difference of their temper , and of their spirit : the godly man , he is described already what his carriage is , that is his carriage , which is here limned out in the Prophets own expression , in their name : but the wicked men they are clean otherwise , they do not perform these duties ; neither the general , nor the particular . Now it bohoveth every one to take care to depart from the tents of those wicked men ; that shall be swallowed up , and go down quick to hell every one ( as it was in the case of Korah . ) It is the command of God that they should depart and sever themselves , and make as broad and vast a difference , and be jealous , and take heed lest they assimulate themselves to wicked men in their lives , lest they be like unto them in their deaths : that they live not as they do , lest they perish as they do . Now , there be two or three things that are exprest concerning these wicked men . First of all , their Character is to be refractary to God in what way soever he shewes himself to them : if he shew his favour , or send his Judgments it is all one : in the land of uprightness , they will do wickedly , and when Gods hand is lifted up , they will not see : nothing will do them good : no way of working upon them , neither by fair , nor by foul means . And we must be unlike them therefore every way ; we must take every dealing of God by the right care ( as he said ) and make the right use of it for good . There is another thing exprest of them : that God will one day meet with these wicked men : let no man deceive himself : it is not a vain thing to serve God : nor a cheap , nor a safe thing to rebel against God , for his hand shall be lifted up , and he will break them in peeces , and the longer he spareth , and the gentler he is , the more heavy it will come at last . Gods Mill grindeth slow , but it grinds to powder ( as the ancient saying is ) the more God is long-suffering , and long lifting up his hand to lay his stroak , the heavier stroak he layes upon them , and crusheth all to peeces at last . But there is another thing too : even those wicked men that are so stubborn and refractary , and scorn Gods word : that lift up the heel and kick against him , and it may be scoff and jear , and deride the wayes of God ; time shall come that even these wicked men shall be convinced , they shall see their envy against the godly , and hatred against the wayes of God , they shall see their foolery , and they shall at last repent , when repentance shall do them no good : repent , when they are even turned into hell , when they hear that sentence ; Depart from me you cursed . Therefore now seeing these things will befall the rebellious , that do not walk according to this rule , according to this Canon which I have characterised a godly man by : this should be a good incouragement to godly men so much the more to walk constantly , and to be true to their own way . And if they do live amongst wicked men , to be rather gainers by them , to grow the better rather then to receive infection , and corruption from them . They say that Lillies and Roses , or such like things , if they be planted by Garlick or Onions , or such like unsavoury things , they do increase in sweeness : the Rose and the Lillie are sweeter : so it should be when godly men are planted , and hemmed about with wicked men : the vileness and odiousness of their wicked wayes , may make them to loath wickedness the more , and to love godliness , and to bless God , that hath kept them , that they have not run to the same excess of ryot with them . Instead of all other Application which I thought to have added , as for example , and for instance : to shew us the true Analogie of a Christian ; that we may discern , who is a right Christian , and who is not : we must not discern it by our fancies , but by those Characters God hath set . And a just apology ( in the second place ) for those that are branded with nick-names . If this be the description of true piety , and of a true Christian , to have the heart and soul breathing after God , and seeking night and day after him , and setting themselves wholly to walk in the way of uprightness , with sincerity before God : then certainly they are unjustly branded , whose consciences do aime at these things , and the consciences of other men may tell them , that they do so , and they see no other . And so for conviction of those men that are in the Bosome of the Church : they may see , if they be not according to this stamp : if they either fail of it , that there is none of these lineaments to be found in them , nothing toward God and his name , no understanding , no affection , no endeavours working that way , ( and so for the rest ) if they utterly fail of this , they utterly come short , and are not worthy the name of Christians : but much more if they do deride , and oppose , and contemne the mind , and the wayes of God , which God hath chalked out to us , for our rule and direction : that is a high degree of fayling and coming short , and therefore they may be convinced , that they cannot be right : I doubt when the Books shall be opened , and every one judged according to the book of God , which shall be laid for the tryal of our lives : if our lives be not according to that : whatsoever our words be , and howsoever we carry it , it will not beare us out then . And it might have been a Use also of Examination ; let every one of us examin our selves , and what our estate is according to this rule , and what degree of this we have attained to . And then for comfort , for those that are such according to this rule , whether it be in the perfection , or in the affection . If they have not the perfection , yet if there affections stand and run this way , and that they can truly , and ingeniously say , that they are such in sincerity ; there is a great deal of comfort for them . And for Exhortation , out of the several branches of the duty which I cannot meddle with . And out of the several Motives that I propounded out of the words of the Text. But ( I say instead of all these , this present Sister of ours , whose Funeral we now solemnize , I might setch an Argument as a Motive to all these several duties from her example . To return now therefore to the present occasion . I will speak something concerning Her , in honour of whose Funeral solemnities , we are at this time met together , ( that gave us the occasion ) I shall ( according to my custome ) dispatch it briefly . When any children of God die , the last offices of Love are performed to them by three several sorts or ranks . The Angels : they convey their souls into the bosome of their father Abraham , into the blisse of eternity . The Bearers , attended with the Mourners : they carry their bodies to the bosome of their mother earth , to rest in tranquility . The Preachers ( as it were a middle between God and them ) they commend their name to the minds of their friends , the hearers , to live in their memories . My part at the present is to do this : and I shall do it , not so much to trumpet out her commendation , as to take a hint of something for your instruction , which may be useful . But I must intreat you to remember , that you do not use to lace or adorn your mournings : and therefore you have little reason to expect , any eloquent adorning , any Festival ornament in such a Funeral argument . My language must be black , and pathetical , sutable to our sad occasion : it must not be pleasing to the fancy in the fresh flowers of Rhetorick ; my language ( I say ) must be in black , but in black laid upon a ground of truth , which shall not blush for blame , speaking any thing besides , what I do really conceive . As I dare not do you so much wrong , as to paint or guild a rotten post : so I am willing to do her so much right , as to set a rich Pearl in Gold. To pass other circumstances , ( as that she was descended of an honest , and worthy Family , and of good quality : that She had a full and hopeful issue desending from her self , and such like circumstances , which I leave for Oratours ( as unfit for a Divine ) to meddle withal . ) All that I shall say concerning Her , shall be out of the Text , in which you may behold a true picture of her in all the lineaments of her : and out of it , you may be able to draw , and take a good pattern for your selves . The Byas of her spirit was toward God , and toward his Name ; whose lively Image she bare , graven in her memory , living in her desires , and ( beyond all pictures ) moving also in her endeavours to seek after God. The very quintescence of her spirit was carried this way , and that intimately , sincerely , universally , and constantly . With her soul she desired him in the night , and with her spirit she sought him in the morning : the light of the morning , and the evening star ( as sometime the Star did the Wise men ) conducted her to the Sun of righteousness . In mercies she was not wanton , but thankful and fruitful : In judgements ( as in a fatherly way of correction , She had a deep share , wherein being exercised with many years weakness , as those that knew her , knew very well , but yet in such fatherly dealings ) she shewed her patience , her perseverance , her prosiciency : and being a Mourner for the stobbornness of the wicked , she was a gainer likewise by them too : and all because she looked up to God , who sees and weighs all our paths . In which I have briefly recollected upon the matter , the sum of the whole things contained in the text : so that so long as this Text is in the Bible , and so long as the Bible is in the Church , and so long as any thing ( though unworthy ) of this Sermon remaines in your memories , she cannot want either a sweet memorial of her vertues in the book of God , or a stately Monument in the Church , and in your hearts too . Happily some may scoffe , and some may doubt , as though this commendation flew too high , or out of sight . To whom I shall briefly answer both . For the former . It is reported of two great Tragedians , learned and famous in their time : Sophocles , and Euripides . Euripides presented upon the Scaene all naughty women : and Sophocles presented all vertuous women : and the ordinary observation of the wits of the times was ( as men are apt to be vainly witted in these things ) they thought that Euripides that presented them bad , presented women as they were : and Sophocles that presented them good , presented them as they should be . If I had nothing else to say to the scoffs of any , but only this , I suppose it will be sufficient : I do beleeve fully , that I have presented her as she was : but howsoever you can take no hurt if you do but consider , that it is spoken as what you should be . I am sure , and I know I have presented what you should be . And for any that shall doubt yet , that it may seem to high . I would desire them only to consider this : I describe in the Text , the very temper and character of one that is truly godly ( such as I conceive her to have been ) and the truth is , there is none that is truly godly , but in some degree or measure must attain , and do attain to participate in a conformity with this Character : and therefore I have neither done you ( as I conceive ) any wrong , and yet done her right too . And ( to draw to an end , ) She hath left this honour behind her , that she lived beloved , and died desired . And , who is there here almost that suffereth not a loss in her ? Her Husband hath lost a loving wife that honoured him highly . Her children have lost a loving Mother , that loved them tenderly , that tendered them duly . Her servants have lost a loving Mistress , that governed them gently , and was every way beneficial to them . Her Brothers and Sisters , have lost a loving Sister , that answered them in their loves sweetly . Her Neighbours have lost a loving neighbour : full of courtesie to the rich , full of charity to the poor . And my self have lost ( I hope there is none here so weak to suspect , that I blast the living , to blazon the praise of the dead , or that I do rob or strip the living , to cloath the dead with their spoyles , but I think I may truly say , I have lost ) as truly and cordially a loving friend , as any she hath left behind : though I esteem many her Peeres , and I cannot complain of any . But to end all . Her gain in Christ countervaileth and sweetneth all our losses . She was a disciple of Love , she loved her Lord , and loved all his Saints and servants : and therefore I doubt not , that she was a beloved disciple , and resteth in the bosome of her Love : where not to disquiet her happiness , and detain your patience any longer , I shall leave her in that blessed place , and commend you to the blessing of God. THE EXPECTATION OF CHRISTS COMING : OR , A MOTIVE To a Holy Conversation . SERMON XVI . PHIL. 3.20 , 21. For our Conversation is in Heaven , from whence we look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ . Who shall change our vile body , that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body , according to the working , whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself . IN the seventh verse of this Chapter , the blessed Apostle Saint Paul , exhorteth the Philippians , to be followers together of him , and to mark them which walk so as they had him for an ensample : And that he might the better direct them in the duty , ( the imitation of his ensample ) he sheweth that there is a great difference between others that pretended themselves to be the Apostles of Christ , and indeed were not , and himself : Many ( saith he ) walk , of whom I have told you often , and now tell you weeping , that they are the enemies of the Cross of Christ , whose end is destruction , whose God is their belly ; and whose glory is their shame , who mind earthly things . These ensamples he would have them to avoid : follow not such , but be ye followers of us , for our conversation is in heaven , from whence we look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ , &c. and follow those which walk , so as ye have us for an ensample : This is the example he would have them imitate . In the words you have these things considerable . First , What the conversation of these men was , whom the Apostle would have the Philipians to follow . Their conversation was a heavenly conversation . Our conversation is in heaven . Secondly , the reason or incouragement that they had to this imitation , to walk so heavenly , while they were on earth : because from thence we look for a Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ . Thirdly , the benefit by that Saviour , whom they look for from heaven : He shall change our vile body , that it may be fashioned like to his glorious body . Fourthly , the means by which this great work shall be effected ; According to the working whereby he is able to subdue all things unto himself . For the first , ( to touch it only in a word ) there is from that , these two Observations clearly arising . First , That there is a heavenly conversation of the Saints on earth . Secondly , That while they are on earth , they are now stated in heaven . Our conversation is in heaven : He saith not only it shall be in heaven , ( though there it shall be perfected ) but it is now in heaven , in regard of our present state and possession . Concerning the first , that the Saints on earth have a heavenly conversation . You must know , that the word here Politeuma , translated conversation , signifieth such a course of life , and of traffique , as is in Cities and Corporations , where many are knit , and united together in one common society , in one common freedome : Our conversation is in heaven ; that is , we have a kind of heavenly traffique , a heavenly trade , while we are upon earth . There are divers things wherein there is an agreement between the carriages and conditions of men in Cities , and Societies here on earth , and this of the Saints of God , that have their conversations in heaven . I will only in brief run them over , this being not the thing that I purposely aym at . First , in Cities and Corporations there is a Register , wherein the names of the Free-men are inrolled . So in heaven also there is a Register , a certain book of Records ( as it were ) wherein are written the names of as many , as God hath appointed to life : Rejoce not ( faith our Saviour ) in this , that the divels are subdued unto you , but rejoyce , that your names are written in heaven : And all that are not found written in the book of life , are cast into the lake that burneth with fire and brimstone , Rev. 20.15 . God in his secret counsel and purpose , in his special providence and love , takes notice of all his servants , even of their names , and he hath them as sure , as if they were written down in a book , there is not one man that cometh to heaven , but the Lord knows him already to be a man ordained to that estate and condition . Secondly , as in all Cities and Societies , there is a certain law whereby they are all governed , in obedience to which they live . So there is a law whereby all the Citizens of heaven , all the houshold of God are governed , that law which the Apostle Saint James calleth the royal law : a law which commandeth the very spirits of men : a law that disposeth the whole man to a heavenly frame , and subjection to the will of God , the great King of Heaven ; so that a man while he is here below , by degrees is drawn off from the world in his affections , and disposition , and carriage : and madesutable and conformable to the rule of righteousness . Thirdly , as in all Cities , there is a kind of safety and security to those that dwell there , not only as they are incompassed with walls , but also as there is watching and warding , some waking while others sleep to keep the rest in safety . So in this heavenly society : the Angels pitch their Tents about those that fear God : nay the Lord himself is the Shepheard of Israel , that neither slumbereth nor sleepeth : while men oppose them , God defends them : while men are labouring and plotting , and devising against them , and they ( it may be ) are secure and fear no danger ; God disperseth and disappointeth a thousand projects intended against his servants . It was so with his own people Israel : while they were in the plains , securely lying in their tents : there is Balack and Balaam consulting upon the mountains how to curse them : but the God of Israel that is above the mountains , that sitteth on the highest Heavens , he ordereth the matter so , that Balaam for his life , ( though he might have had all the wealth and honour of the Kingdome ) could not pronounce one curse against Israel , because God had said to him that he should not curse . Fourthly . As in Cities and societies on earth , men have communion and society one with another , the less have interest in the greater , and the greater in the less , and all have interest one in another : the inferiours receive from the superiours , protection and provision , and the superiours , receive from the inferiours , subjection and submission . So it is in this heavenly Corporation , in this spiritual Jerusalem : Jerusalem is a City at unitie in it self ; There is a communion and fellowship , that the Saints have with God the Father , with Christ , with the Angels , with the Saints in heaven , and one with another on earth . With God the Father : they have an interest in him , as subjects of his kingdome , as servants and children of his family : there is not the meanest subject in this kingdome , but he may make his request known to this Prince : there is not the least servant in this Family , but he may make his complaint to this Master : they may ( as children ) go boldly to the throne of grace , and make their request known unto him , though it be but in sighes and groans . Hence it is that God takes notice of them , your heavenly Father knoweth that you have need of all these things ; and therefore he will supply them : If you that are earthly can give good things to your children , how much more shall your heavenly father give good things to them that ask him . They have interest in Christ also : he is their Intercessour , therefore hence it is , that he is said , to sit at the right hand of God , making intercession for us : He is their Advocate ; if any man sin , we have an Advocate with the Father , even Jesus Christ the righteous : He is their Lord and Captain , the Captain of the Lords Army , to defend his Church ; Michael , the great Prince standeth up for the children of his people . They have interest also in the holy Ghost , the third Person in Trinity , they have not only , the love of God the Father , but the communion and fellowship of the holy Ghost , as the Apostle wisheth for the Corinthians . Hence it is that the Holy Ghost is ready to help their infirmities , to in able them to put up their requests , when they know not how to pray as they ought . Hence it is that he sanctisieth them , and therefore they are said to be Born again of water , and of the spirit : that he comforteth them , therefore he is called the holy Ghost the Comforter . As the Saints have interest in the three Persons in the Trinity , in respect of their dependance upon them , so the blessed Trinity hath an interest in them also : If I be a Father , where is my honour ? if I be a Master , where is my fear ? Because they acknowledg God to be their Father , they honour him , because they acknowledg him to be their Lord , they fear him , &c. They have interest in the Angels also : Hence it is that they are called , Ministring spirits sent forth for the good of the Elect : They were Christs messengers , his Angels , and now they are made Messengers , Angels to the Saints , therefore faith Christ , Offend not one of these little ones , for I tell you , that their Angels behold the face of my father in heaven●… . They have interest in them , not as worshippers of Angels , which the Apostle condemneth , Coll. 2. as foreseeing to what a height Popish superstition would rise in this kind : I say ; not to worship them , to invocate them , to pray to them , we know no such will-worship which is without the rule . We have an Angel comforting Hagar ; we have an Angel defending Elisha ; we have an Angel incouraging Jacob ; we have an Angel carrying Lazarus into Abrahams bosome : But we never had any Angel that stood in this place , to have worship and adoration . This indeed the Angels have from us , imitation of their obedience , we pray , thy will be done , on earth as it is in heaven . They have interest in the Saints also : yea , in those that are dead : not as though they paayed for us : yet they have a common desire of the welfare of the whole Church ; The souls under the Alter cry , How long Lord , holy and true , wilt thou not avenge our blood on those that dwell upon the earth ? All the Saints departed , their souls cry to God to finish these dayes of sin , and hasten the coming of Christ . And besides this , this further benesit we have , that we are all members of the same body ; there is a gathering under one Head ( as the Apostle calleth it ) under Christ : they are the superiour members , we the inferiour , all joyned under one common Head. Lastly , the Saints on earth have interest one in another : by vertue of this communion they have interest in the prayers , in the gifts , in the wealth one of another , sofar as necessity and love requireth . Fifthly , and lastly , as in earthly Cities , and Corporations , there is trading and traff quing , buying and selling , &c. So here , this heavenly conversation consisteth in a kind of heavenly traffique , ( as the word importeth ; ) We either are all , or should be all heavenly merchants , even here upon earth . The kingdome of heaven is compared , to a treasure hid in a field , which when a man findeth , he hideth it , and for joy departeth , and selleth all that he hath , and buyeth that field . It is compared to a Pearl , which when a man descrieth the excellency of it , he giveth all that he hath to possess that Pearl : There is a heavenly thing , that is worth all that we can give , and it must be bought too . It is our Saviours counsel ; come buy of me , yea , come buy wine and milk without money , without price . It must be bought : but bought without money : there is nothing that is subject to corruption , that can buy heavenly things : Buy of me eye-salve , that you may see , and gold that you may be made rich , and garments , that your nakedness may not appear . This must be bought , but what must we give for it ? Christ tels us ; he saith that he himself is the Pearl , the treasure , and that which we must give for him , is no more but this ; Let a man deny himself , and take up his cross , and then follow him . He must deny his worldly pleasures , his carnal affections , the love of his lusts , he must renounce his sins ; If thy right hand offend thee , cut it off and cast it from thee ; if thy right eye offend thee , pluck it out and cast it from thee : What is that ? that a man should dismember himself ? No such matter ; What then ? To do that which a man accounteth as harsh a peece of work , as to pluck out his eye , or cut off his hand ; that is , to mortifie his carnal affections , to part with his sweetest lusts , which a man holdeth as dear , and sets as high a rate upon , as on his right hand , or his right eye ; there should he no sin so precious , no gain so sweet , no pleasure so delightful , but a man should be willing to let it for Christ : there should be no worldly thing whasoever , that a man should so set his heart upon , but if persecution for the Gospel should come , he should be contented to leave it for Christ , and in the mean space to let his affections hang loose to it , that whensoever Christ shall call him to part with his estate , with his contentments , with himself , he may let all fall for his sake , and the Gospels . This is the heavenly traffique of a Christian . I might here lay down some tryals , by which men may be able to judg of themselves in this particular , whether their conversation be in heaven . I will instance but in some generals , because I hasten to that I principally intend . See how thy affections stand ; such as is a mans mind , such is the man : such as is a mans affection , such is his conversation : a heavenly affection argueth a heavenly conver sation ; a heavenly conversation , presupposeth a heavenly affection : for it is impossible for any man to walk in a heavenly course , but he that is of a heavenly mind . It sheweth the errour of those men that think , that that pitch of holiness , and careful walking with God in newness of life , is too strict a point to be pressed : what ( say they ) will you have us to be Saints ? are we not men ? shall we not have infirmities still ? Yes that thou wilt , when thou hast done what thou canst . But here is the thing : What is the bent of thy heart ? what is the strength of thy mind ? what is the endeavour of thy whole man ? which way are thy affections carried ? What dost thou mourn for most ? what dost thou rejoyce in most ? what dost thou hope for most ? According to thy affections , so will thy labour and endeavour be . A heavenly heart sorroweth most for sin , a heavenly affection rejoyceth most in Christ : Many say : who will shew us any good , but Lord lift thou up the light of thy countenance upon us : thou hast given me more joy of heart then they had , when their corn , and wine , and oyle abounded . A heavenly affection hopeth most for heaven , and that not so much , that thereby he way be released from worldly troubles , as that he may be possessed of those heavenly joyes , that are to be had in the presence of God , and in a perfect communion with him ; that he may be freed from sin , and fully brought into the glorious liberty of the sons of God. And this is that which stirreth him up with all industry and endeavour , and carrieth him along mainly , and chiefly to seek after , not the wealth , and honour , and pleasure of the world , but how he may get into the Covenant of grace , and an interest in Christ , how he may attain evidences of heaven , and testimonies of the love of God. He speakes of heaven , as the worldly man speaks of the world . A worldly man speaks of the world , and the world heareth him ( faith Christ ) every table ringeth of his worldly talke ; every company soundeth of his worldly affections ; in every meeting he sheweth his worldly disposition . So a heavenly-minded man is alwayes talking of heavenly things : alwayes labouring to draw heavenly uses out of earthly things : let crosses come , he can draw comforts from thence , he makes them means to take off his heart from the world , to set it more toward heaven : as Noahs Arke , the more the waters increased , the neerer it was raised to heaven : so a heavenly man , the more worldly crosses come , the higher his soul riseth toward heaven : the worldly man sinketh under afflictions , but he is lifted up neerer to Christ . This is a heavenly conversation . But I will not stand on this . The second thing which I told you was observable from the first part of the Text , was this ; That in this very life , the children of God are stated in a heavenly condition . Our conversation is now in heaven , faith the Apostle . When a man is brought by repentance and faith unto Christ , he is brought into a heavenly state : actually possessed of heaven . And that in two respects ; In respect of right and title . In respect of possession . First in respect of right and title , and that also first in respect of Election : God hath elected them to it . Secondly in respect of vocation : they are begotten again to a lively hope . They have now the Word which giveth them a promise of heaven . They have now the spirit , which is the seal of their inheritance , you are sealed by the spirit of Promise , to the day of redemption , Eph. 1.13 . Secondly , in regard of possession : they are now already in present possession , not in full possession , but in present possession : A possession not in themselves , but in Christ , by vertue of the union and communion they have in him . By the union and contract that is between Christ and the soul ; Christ is become the Husband , the Christian the Spouse . So that as a Wife if her Husband should travel into a far Countrey , and in her name should take possession of those lands , that were left her by her Father , the Wife now is possest of those lands , in her Husband , who in her name hath taken possession of them : so Christ entring into heaven , hath took possession of heaven , which is given to us by the will of God ; It is your Father pleasures to give you a kingdom : Christ hath possessed it in our name : I go ( faith he ) to prepare a place for you : and it is my will that they be where I am : I go to my Father , and your Father ; to my God , and your God. All that Christ hath in heaven . He hath it for us : He is gone before , that we may follow after : we cannot possibly lay claime to heaven , we cannot hope hereafter fully , and personally to possesse it , if Christ had not first taken possession of heaven for us . The Use of this in a word , shall be to stir up every one to look to his hope of heaven . It is usual for men to profess their hope to be saved , and scarse any , but they will say , they hope , if they die , they shall go to heaven . Yea , but thou must now possesse it , if ever hereafter thou mean to enjoy it : and thou must possesse it first in Christ : thou must be united to him by faith and love : those are the bonds whereby the Spirit of God , tyeth us unto Christ : therefore Christ is said to dwell in our hearts by faith . Which shewes the horrible presumption of many , and how they add to their other sins this , that they presume that they have right , and title to heaven , and yet are not united to Christ by faith : as if a man should give out , that he were the heir apparant to a Crown , or the son of a King , and yet nevertheless should indeed be the son of a Beggar , and have nothing to shew for his pretended title to the Crown and Kingdom : what would this be accounted , but high treason against the King ? What a height of sin is this that is in many men , which to their other sins add a presumptuous claim to heaven , when they have no right to it ? I Remember , that in the time of Ezra , we shall read of many , that laid title and claim to the Priest-hood : but Ezra searched the book of the Genealogies , and finding none of their names Registred there , he presently concluded that they were none of the Priest-hood , therefore they were accounted polluted , and put from the Priest-hood . If any man lay claim to heaven ; God will search his book of Genealogies ( as it were ) he will search the Register of heaven , and if he find that his name be not inrolled there , if he be not found to have interest in Jesus Christ , all will be nothing , he shall be cast out to his greater confusion . This should therefore stir up every one to make good his claim to heaven now : either now to be possest of heaven , now to sit in heavenly places with Christ , ore lse look not to come to heaven afterward . But to leave this , and to come to that I mainly intend , namely the Argument , or reason , or ground , of the Apostles heavenly conversation . Our conversation is in heaven , from whence we look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ . The Apostle observeth here a kind of speech , and that which seems not so Gramaticall : that he may thereupon build a sound and substantial truth in Divinity . He had said before , Our conversation is in the heavens , in the Plural number : but now when he speaks of Christs coming thence , he speaks of it in the Singular number , Our conversation is in the heaven , from whence , from which particular place , We look for the Saviour , the Lord Jesus Christ . Of purpose to shew us thus much : that though Christ in respect of his Deity , and divine nature he be in all places , filling heaven and earth : yet in respect of his bodily presence , he remaineth now , and so will till his second coming ( which the Saints look for ) in heaven . Against those Ubiquitaries , that will have the body of Christ to be every where : In Heaven ( say they ) visible ; in this place invisible . The Papists hence build the Doctrine of Transubstantiation : they will have the body of Christ , even that very body that was born of the Virgin , to be now Bread , and the bread turned into it . The Lutherans will have the same Body about the bread . No , faith the Apostle , there is no such matter : from thence , from that very place , that very individual , particular , single place , from the third heavens , where the body of Christ is , We look for the Saviour : he remaineth there , and so will continue till his coming to Judgement . So again in another place , Collos . 3.1 . Set your affections on things above , where Christ sitteth at the right hand of God ; Above , that is in heaven , where Christ sitteth , and continueth , and will remain till his second coming . Our Saviour told his Disciples in the dayes of his flesh , that the poor they should have alwayes with them , but me ( faith he ) you shall not have alwayes . If this be true that they say , then Christ hath not said true , for he is still in respect of his bodily presence , and hath been , alwayes , with us . But I let pass that . The thing I note hence is this ; That that which most soundly , and effectually settleth the heart of a man , in a heavenly conversation upon earth , is the looking for the Saviour of the world , even the Lord Jesus Christ to come from thence . I say , there is nothing that so settleth the heart of a man in a heavenly conversation upon earth , nothing that makes him so heavenly minded , nothing that ordereth him in so heavenly a course , as this , if he rightly look for Christ to come from thence . That you may conceive this the better , you may please to take notice , that there are two things included in this point . First , that all the Saints of God , while they are on earth , their continual expectation is , for Christ to come from heaven . Secondly , that nothing is so effectual to settle a man in a holy course while he liveth on earth , as this expectation . These two things I will open to you at this time . The first ( I say ) is , that the Saints and servants of God while they are on earth , do continually expect and look for the Saviour of the world , even the Lord Jesus Christ to come from heaven . By the coming of Christ , you must understand his second coming to judgement . For there is a threefold coming of Christ . A twofold coming in his Body ; and one by his Spirit . The first , was the coming of Christ in the flesh , when he came to take our nature upon him , and to be born of a Virgin. The second , is the coming of Christ by his Spirit , so he cometh continually , and daily in the hearts of men , in the preaching of the Gospel in vertue and efficacy . His last coming , and his second coming in respect of his body , is when he shall come to judgement . Never look for the coming of Christ in his body upon earth in the sight of men , till that great day come , when the Lord Jesus shall come with thousands of his Angels , in the glory of his Father . Now then this being the meaning of it : we will prove it . And first , that it is the continual expectation of all the Saints of God , and the continual desire of their hearts , their continual waiting , is for the second coming of the Lord Christ . As it was before the first coming of Christ in the flesh , so it shall be before his second coming . Before the first coming of Christ , after the promise was made to Adam , all the expectation and hope of the Fathers , and Beleevers , was this , when the great Messias would come : and therefore faith Jacob , I have waited for thy salvation ; and David , I have longed for thy salvation , meaning Christ , the Saviour of the world : and the Church groweth to a kind of holy impatiency ; Oh that thou wouldest break the heavens and come down . And immediatly upon the time of Christs coming , there were alwayes holy men in those times , that were stirred up with a continual expectation of it , and therefore it was made a mark of a good man in those dayes : It is said of Joseph of Arimathea , and Simeon , and of divers good women , as of Anna and others , that they waited for the consolation of Israel ; they continually waited and expected , when the great comforter , and Saviour of his people would come . So shall the second coming of Christ be : from the very time of his Ascension into heaven , to the time now , and to the time of his last coming to Judgement , all the eyes of men will be towards him : When I am lifted up ( faith our Saviour ) I will draw all men after me ; which though it be there particularly understood of his lifting up upon the Cross ; yet it is intended in general of his Ascension into heaven . So that as after the promise was given of the Spirit ; The Disciples waited for the receiving of the gift of the holy Ghost . So it is now , and will be , since the holy Ghost is already given , there remaineth nothing to be looked for , but Christ himself in his second coming to finish all these dayes of sin . And that this is the disposition of all the servants of God , appears by divers places of Scripture , 2 Tim. 4.8 . faith the Apostle there ; Hence forth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness , which the Lord , the righteous Judge , shall give me at that day : and not to me only , but unto them also that love his appearing . The Apostle here makes a description of all those that shall be saved , and he faith , they are such as love the appearing of Jesus Christ ; now that which a man loveth , he desireth , and looks , and longs for . And in Heb. 9.28 . Christ died once for many , and unto them that look for him , shall he appeare the second time unto salvation . Salvation is brought : to whom ? to all those ; and only to those that look for the appearance of Christ . Therefore it is said of all the Beleevers in Heb. 12. That they saw things that were invisible , and that they had an eye to the recompense of reward , and that they saw the promise a far off . They looked still for those things that were to appear by Christ . This I suppose is sufficiently confirmed by the Scripture , let us therefore make some use of it . Try now what comfort thou hast in the expectation of that great appearance of the Lord Jesus here spoken of . This is the most infalible ground , and undoubted evidence , and testimony of the truth of grace now , and assurance of glory hereafter : if God have now stirred up thy heart in faith , and holy affection , to look for , and to long and waite for the appearance of Jesus Christ . Without this there is little love to Christ . The Church in Cant. 1.2 . sheweth her love to Christ , Draw me ( saith she ) and we will run after thee . And chap. 2.4 . Stay me with flaggons , comfort me with apples , for I am sick of love : and chap. 5. If you find him whome my soul loveth , tell him I am sick of love . If thou be of the disposition of the Church , thou wilt , out of love to Christ , desire nothing so much , as to enjoy the presence of Christ : The Spirit and the Bride , say come , and let him that heareth , say come : the Spirit faith come , and the Bride ( because she is stirred up in the same affection by the Spirit ) she faith come too . Christ faith to his Church , I come , and the Church she faith again , Come : Here is the agreement between Christ and his Church , and the same disposition is in all the members of Christ , a waiting and longing , and desiring for the coming of Christ . There are many that pretend they wait , and desire for the coming of Christ . When a man is under any affliction , or in any trouble , then , Oh that Christ would come and end these troubles . You shall here a man that is abused , and wronged by the oppressions and injuries of others , and by the unrighteous dealings of wicked and ungodly men , crying out , Oh that Christ would come and put an end to these evil times . Yea , but if thou hast this desire of Christs coming , that is in a man of a heavenly conversation . It will appear in these three things . First , it will appear by the Ground of it . What are the grounds of thy desire ? what are the motives that incourage thee , to long for the coming of the Lord Jesus ? That which is the ground of faith , is the ground of hope : that is the promises : Faith is the ground of things hoped for : and the Word and Promise are the warrant of Faith : Faith and Hope look both on this , the free promise of God : so it is said of Abraham , that be beleeved above hope , because be knew that be that promised , was able to do it . There is the first thing then : Faith is the ground : there is none but a true beleever , that can indeed aright wait for , and desire the coming of Christ . But this will appeare more in the second thing , and that is , by the companion of this expectation of Christs coming , when it is right , and as it should be in the soul of a Beleever . The first companion of it , is Patience : If we hope for that we see not , then do we with patience wait for it ( faith the Apostle , Rom. 8.25 . ) If we have hope , and expectation of Christ coming , if it be right , it will stay the heart , and calm and quiet the spirit , in the middest of all injuries and crosses , and afflictions in the world ; it will make us to wait with patience : He that beleeveth will not make hast . When a man beleeveth that there is a time when Christ will put an end to all these things , it is that which mortisieth and subdueth the rising of his spirit , and discontentedness in afflictions , it makes him possesse his soul in Patience . There is a kind of impatient waiting of men , in the middest of discontent and revilings , and evil speakings , and threatings of others : and then , Oh that Christ would come . But when Faith works kindly in the soul of a man : there is a calm composedness of heart : a submission to God in the present tryal : and yet nevertheless a rejoycing , in hope of the coming of Christ , and of that glory that shall be revealed . That is the first thing , there is Patience accompanying it . The second thing that accompanieth it , is Love. No man can in truth and aright , hope for , and wait for the coming of Christ , but he that loveth Christ and his coming . Now this Love must be grounded on our taste of Gods love : Not that we loved him , but that be loved us first , ( faith the Apostle ) no man loveth Christ , but first he is loved of Christ : no man loveth God , but first he is loved of God : and the taste and relish of Gods love in my soule , works love to God again : as from the heat that cometh from the Sun , there is a reflection that boundeth back again to the Sun : so Gods love in us reflects love to God again . This Love will appear in the secret sighings of the heart : All the creatures groan ; yea , we also sigh in our selves ( faith the Apostle ) waiting for the adoption , even the redemption of our bodies . There is , I say , a secret sighing of heart , and that not only in the time of trouble and affliction : but in the time of comfort and prosperity , when a man hath abundance of outward things about him , yet then , because his love is set upon Christ , and the perfection and end of love , is the fruition of the object loved , therefore there is a sighing , a holy discontent , as it were , a kind of yearning of the heart toward Christ : When shall I come and appear before God ? ( faith David ) how long Lord , how long ? ( faith the Church in the Revelation ) If a man love Christ , and his coming only , because it shall end those miseries , and those troubles that are upon him in this life : this is not so much love of Christ , as love of a mans self , of his own ease , and peace , and rest . But the love of Christ is this , when for the injoying of himself , I long for the fruition of him whom my soul loveth , and I account nothing amiable in comparison of Christ , nothing delectable , nothing comfortable , nothing sweet to Christ : this is it that putteth the soul out of taste , and relish with any thing , makes it sigh , as it were , under the enjoyments of all the comforts of this life , and long for the appearance of Christ , because then he shall he perfected in the perfect enjoyment of Christ himself . This is that love of Christ , that is accompanied with Faith in a Christian , and hope , and expectation of his coming . Now then , if thou wait for Christ in truth , how cometh it , that thou dost not love him ? thou caust not wait for him aright , except thou love Christ himself , and for himself . And if thou love Christ , it wil appear , by thy care to walk in Christ : to derive virtue from him in all holy actions , to derive all heavenly wisdom , all heavenly disposition of heart from him : to please Christ in all thy waies , to do that whereby thou maist approve thy self to God in Christ . This is the disposition of a heart loving Christ , and this is that loving of Christ for himself , and in himself that giveth me assurance , that I love the appearance of Christ . That is the second companion of this waiting for Christ , if it be right , there is a love to Christ . The third and last companion of a mans waiting for Christ , is the continual affection of the heart , those same ejaculations , that intercourse , that holy and heavenly communion which the soul hath with Christ here . First in his ordinances , having a holy communion with him in them , waiting at the Posts of the door of wisdomes house , to here what Christ ( who is wisdome it self ) will speak to us : waiting if that he will come now ( in the ministry of his Word ) in his Spirit , whom we hope to enjoy fully in glory : Waiting for him likewise in the Sacraments to receive a further confirmation of our faith in him : waiting for him also in prayer , to receive further consolation and strength from him . Thus Annah it is said , that She was one that waited for the consolation of Israel , and served God in the Temple in prayer day and night . So where there is a waiting for Christ , there will be a continual intercourse of the soul with Christ , a heavenly and holy communion with him in duties . Dost thou wait for Christs coming , and yet run from Christs ordinances ? How can these stand together ? There is no man that can ever wait with comfor for Christs coming in glory , but he that now waiteth upon Christ in his ordinances . If thy delight be in holy duties , in the worship of God , and that in such religious performances thou waitest for a further conveyance of the Spirit of Christ into thee , thou hast warrant to wait for , and to expect with comfort the second coming of Christ . Try your selves therefore by these things . It is not every one that faith , I would that the Lord Jesus would come , or I would that these dayes were full , and finished . It is not every one that saith thus , that rightly looks for , or desires the coming of Christ . But he that thereby becometh patient , and stayes , and composeth his heart in a calme and quiet temper in the middest of all crosses , and troubles , and afflictions that befal him , and that upon this ground , because Christ will come and put an end to my sin , as well as to my sorrow , therefore I will wait with patience till he come . And again , he that loveth Christ , that sigheth for his coming ; and he that now delighteth in his ordinances : this man only waiteth for the coming of Christ . There is yet a third Tryal , and that is , the effects and fruits of our waiting for the coming of Christ : And that is threefold ( to go no further then the Text. ) The first is , a heavenly conversation . The second is , a mans resting on Christ as his Saviour and Lord. The third is , the change of the body , which shall be in the great day , when the soul and body shall be united together , Who shall change our vile body , and make it like his own glorious body , &c. But the main fruit whereof we are now presently possest , is a heavenly Conversation . And so I come to the second particular included in the observation before propounded , viz. That nothing is so effectual to settle a man , and to dispose him to a holy and heavenly Conversation here on earth , as the right looking for the second coming of Christ . That this is true , you shall see it brefly , how the Saints of God upon this very ground have been wrought , and incouraged to a heavenly conversation in all the parts and degrees of it . First of all , yee shall see , that this is that which mortifieth the secret lusts and corruptions of the heart . A man will never set soundly , and in truth , to the mortification of his inward corruptions , that doth not in truth out of love to Christ look for his second coming . And the very reason why many are so dull and dead , and backward to this work ( for want whereof they cannot lead so heavenly a conversation , upon earth ) is this , because they do not with love to Christ look for his second coming . And that this is so , it will appear by divers places of Scripture . Set your affections ( saith the Apostle ) on things that are above , where Christ sitteth at the right hand of God : And he doth not only say so , but Mortisie therefore ( saith he ) your earthly members . Wherefore should they mortifie their earthly members ? because Christ sitteth at the right hand of God ; upon whom ye look , upon whom the eye of your faith is fixed : mortifie your members . For what is that that makes a man in truth to dispose and frame his heart , to be fit to stand in the number of those that are clothed in white Robes at the second coming of Christ , but even this consideration that none shall appear then with comfort , but such as now walk in holiness of conversation ? Certainly that man that doth with delight expect his second coming , he will be most careful to fit himself for the receiving of Christ , and most diligent in setting himself to the mortifying , and subduing of his corruptions , that so he may walk before him in all holiness of life . A man that expects the coming of a King to his house : will he therefore be secure , and do nothing because he knows certainly that the King will come ? No surely , he will therefore , because he is sure that he will come , make ready and furnish his house , that it may be fit to receive him when he doth come . Even so , because I expect the coming of the great King , the King of glory ( as he is called in Psal . 24. ) I will now open my everlasting gates . I will now labour that he may possess my soul , I will now cleanse my self from all filthiness , and pollution of flesh and spirit . Therefore the Apostle Saint John having said , We are now the Sons of God , and it doth not yet appear what we shall be , but we know , that when he shall appear , we shall be like unto him : for we shall see him as he is . He presently inferreth , Every man that hath this hope in him , purifieth himself , even as he is pure . He that hath this hope , that he shall be with Christ , that he shall see him as he is , he will be careful to purifie himself , as Christ is pure . This is the dispositton of a man that truly longs , and rightly looks for the coming of Christ , he will be careful to purifie himself . A man that expects to be raised to some great and eminent place in the Court , he will be careful to fit himself with those necessary requisits that may make him capable of it , and enable him to go through it with credit and comfort . So he that expects to have this great honour of the Saints , to be of the number of those that receive glory and happiness , and comfort by the second coming of Christ : he will be careful to purge his heart from all corruption , that it may be capable to receive that comfort . What daunts a man at the apprehension of death , and makes him have no delight in thinking of Judgment to come ? but the guilt of secret sins , with which he hath been , and is so unwilling to part . It is impossible for any man to look with comfort upon the approach of Death , and to take delight in , and desire the second coming of Christ , but he who upon this ground is careful to purge his heart of all secret corruptions and lusts whatsoever . This is then the first thing wherein it doth appear , that the looking for the coming of Christ , is a special means to work us to a holy and heavenly conversation . Secondly , as this is that which mortifieth the secret lusts , and corruptions of the heart , so it is that also which mortifies our worldly affections . For what is it that will subdue in the heart , and purge out of it the love of the world , and worldly things but this , the looking for , and expectation of a better estate to be had in Jesus Christ at his second coming ? What is it that makes men hold the world so fast ? What makes them so gripple of the earth , and to cleave so close to the things of this life ? But because they have no comfortable perswasion , and expectation of a better estate afterwards . Certainly he that on a right ground , and upon good warrant can expect with comfort the second coming of Christ , he careth nothing for the things of this life . Therefore faith the Apostle ; If you be risen with Christ , seek those things which are above , where Christ sitteth at the right hand of God ; because , Christ sitteth at the right hand of God , therefore set your affections there : But how shall we come to set our affections there ? Set them not ( saith he ) upon the things of the earth . It is necessary that the soul of a man should have something or other to fasten upon , some object to take up its delight and joy : and he that cannot have joy and delight in better things , in things above , he looks for it in things below : and the reason why he so cleaves to , and clasps , and huggs with delight the things below ; is because he hath no better things to think of , to hope after . He that hath a better inheritance to hope for , will easily let fall these things , and his affection to them , because his hope is in Christ who shall make him glorious at his second coming . You see then the necessity of it in this second respect . But to go further ; it is necessary also for the avoyding of any evil , of any sin in the act . What is it 〈◊〉 makes a man regulate and square his course of life according to the rule of 〈◊〉 , so that he avoids the corruptions that are in the world through lusts ? But this looking for the second coming of Christ . This Argument John the Baptist used to press upon his hearers the Doctrin of repentance , because the king dome of God was at hand . This is that upon which Saint Peter groundeth his exhortatoin unto the people , Acts 3.18 . Repent ( saith he ) and be converted , that your sins may be blotted out , when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord : Therefore repent , and return unto God , do away your sins , because there will a time of refreshing come , and you had need then to be found in another hue , in another state , then in your old rotten withered condition and sinful lusts . This is the Argument that the Aposte used to the Athenians to bring them from Idolatry to serve the living God , because God hath appointed a time to judg the world in righteousness , by that man whom ho hath ordained . Even for that reason , because God hath appointed a time to judg the world in righteousness , therefore they should turne from their Idols to serve the living God. There is nothing that doth so unbottome the heart , nothing so shakes and looseneth a mans hold of sin and unrighteousness , as the consideration of Christs coming to Judgment . What will it boot me ( will the soul reason ) to keep my sins when Christ will come to judg me for my sins ? What shall I get by going on in a course of sin , when I can look for nothing then , but a sentence of wrath to be denounced against me ? This then is that that doth settle a man in a holy conversation in that respect . Nay fourthly , this is that also which quickneth a man to the practise of all holy duties in his place , both in his general and particular Calling . It is the very argument which the Apostle Saint Peter useth , to stir us up to holiness of conversation ; Seeing ( saith he ) that all these things shall be dissolved , what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godliness , looking for the coming of the day of God , wherein the heavens being on fire shall be dissolved , and the elements shall melt with fervent heat . As if he should have said : Look now about the whole world , and see what it is that now can comfort you , if you be such as go on in a course of sin : It may be you will say , I fear not much , for I have many friends : Yea , but all these shall die . It may be thou hast store of lands ; but all that shall be burnt with fire . It may be thou hast many pleasures : but then there shall be nothing but Judgment . The coming of the Lord , that shall then put an end to all these , and turn the course of things , the expectation thereof is a special means to take us off from a course of sin , and put us on to a course of obedience , to make us walk in another kind of fashion while we are in the world . Therefore the Apostle Saint Paul when he would ●…ir up Timothy to the work of the Ministry , what is the Argument that he useth ? I charge thee before Christ , who shall judg the quick and the dead . As if he should say ; there shall be an appearing before the Lord , and therefore if thou wilt give thy account up with joy at that day , I charge thee to look to thy Ministry . So may I say to every man in his place ; I charge thee that art a Master of a Family , look to the business of thy family , to the salvation of the souls of thy people . I charge thee that art a father or a mother , to look to the salvation of the souls of thy children . I charge thee that art a Christian , to look to the salvation of thy own soul . And how is the charge ? I charge thee before the Lord Jesus Christ , who shall judg the quick and the dead . Because there shall come a time , when both thou and they shall be present before Christ at his appearing ; therefore if thou wilt have comfort in them , and in thy self , and in Christ ; be careful to do the duty that concerns thy place , Looking for the coming of the Lord Jesus . So then you see in this respect also there is nothing so forcible an Argument to settle a man in a holy conversation , in a heavenly course as this , for a man alwayes to look for the second coming of Christ . Lastly , there is nothing fixeth a man so constantly in a holy course as this . Our conversation ( faith the Apostle ) is alwayes in heaven . We alwayes walk on earth as those that aspire to heaven , because we alwayes look for the coming of Christ . Wert thou carefnl to serve God yesterday ? do it to day also : it may be Christ may come now and take thee away by death to day , and there is no preparation for judgment afterward . Little children ( saith Saint John ) now abide in him , that when he shall appear , we may have confidence , and not be ashamed before him at his coming . What is it that giveth a man boldness , and takes away shame from him at the coming of Christ ? What is the reason that a man hath not that spirit of fear and trembling upon him , that shall be upon the hearts of all those that go on in sin , when they shall cry to the mountains to fall upon them ? but this , that he hath continued in a holy conversation , and constantly walked before the Lord with an upright heart . I have finished my course ( saith the Apostle ) I have fought a good fight , I have kept the faith , hence-forth is layd up for me a crown of righteousness , which Christ the righteous Judg shall give to me , and to all them that love his appearing . Still the servants of God have incouraged themselves to persevere in a holy course , from the expectation of the coming of Christ , that will give them a reward for their constancy in his service . It is the Argument that the holy Ghost useth to the Church of Philadelphia , Rev. 3.11 . Hold fast that thou hast , and let no man take thy crown . As if he should say , There is a time coming when Crowns shall be given : but to whome ? to those that hold out , that persevere in a godly course , Be thou faithful to the death , and thou shalt receive a crown of glory . This is that , I say , that will make a man go on , will make him that is good in youth , be good in age also ; because whensoever he dieth , he shall receive his Crown . This will make a man that he shall not begin in the spirit , and end in the flesh : this will make him , that having put his hand to the plough , he will not look back ; because he no further looks for comfort in the appearance of Christ , then he hath had care to walk on constantly in a good course . Thus you see the point proved to you , that a Christian soul hath a main benefit by his looking for the second coming of Christ ; and that this is it that makes him careful to mortifie his secret lusts : that this is it that makes him careful to purge himself from worldly affections : that this is it that makes him industrious to avoid evil courses : that this is it that makes him diligent in good actions ; that this is it that makes him constant , and to persevere to the end in all holy wayes , and in avoiding of all evil : because he looks for , and waites for the coming of Christ . Now then take this for a main tryal of your selves , concerning the former point . Whether you can with comfort looke for the coming of Christ or no ? There shall be abundance at that day , that shall hang down their heads : I saw ( saith Saint John the Divine ) the Kings of the earth , and the great men , and the rich men , and the chief Captaines , and the mighty men , and every bond-man , and every free-man ( men of all sorts ) hide themselves in the dens , and in the rock of the mountians , and said to the mountains and rocks , fall on us , and hide us from the face of him that sitteth on the throne , and from the wrath of the Lamb , for the great day of his wrath is come , and who shall be able to stand ? Would you therefore hold up your heads with comfort and with joy ? that when you hear a Funeral Sermon , it might comfort you to think , It will not be long before my time shall come , before my time shall be ? would you in truth have freedome from the fear of death , which Christ hath purchased ? ( for he tooke upon him the same nature , because the children were partakers of flesh and blood , that he might free them , who for fear of death were hold in bondage all their life . ) Would you have comfort in Christs coming to Judgment ? See how effectually this works in you . Is it thus effectual , that because you look for Christs coming , therefore you prepare your selves ; therefore you purge out your lusts and corruptions , because there shall be nothing then ( when the secrets of all bearts shall be manifest ) that shall be displeasing to him when he shall come ? Are you careful to let fall worldly affections , because you have a comfortable apprenension of heavenly joyes ? Are you careful to turn your course from sin , because you would not lie open to the judgement of condemnation ? Are you careful to do good , to persevere in the practise of godliness , because he that shall come , will come , and will not tarry ? If it be thus with you , then you may with comfort think of that day , then you may with chearfulness look upon the day of death : the day of death then , is better then the day in which thou wert borne : It is better to thee then the day of thy marriage , it is the day of that great Marriage that shall be made between Christ and thy soul to all eternity : It is better then the day that thou obtainest thy freed one , then the day that thou comest out of thy Apprentiship : it is the day wherein thou art set free , and brought unto the glorious liberty of the sons of God : It is a day that is better then the day of the enjoyment of the greatest comforts of this life , because it sets thee in the possession of pleasures that are at Gods right hand for evermore . Take this consideration therefore to heart : and that you may walk in a holy course the better , and with more constancy , keep the object alwayes close to your eye . Think with your selves and say : If we would walk as Saints in heaven , we must live as Saints on earth . But how shall we do this ? Be often thinking of the coming of Christ : often put this question to your souls ; What if Christ should now come : If he should come now I am in the Church , am I hearing the Word with that affection that I ought to here it with ? If he should come now I am in my calling , in my world business , do I follow it with a heavenly disposition as I ought to do ? What if he should come now while I am feasting , should he take me as one feasting with fear lest I should sin against God in my mirth ? What if he should come and take me asleep , have I made my peace with God before I went to rest ? Work these considerations upon thy soul . When the morning cometh , think , it may be Christ will come and take me away before evening , how shall I walk this day , that I may have comfort in the coming of Christ ? When the Evening is come , think , it may be I shall never see morning before the great day of the Resurrection , what now shall I do , that if I die in my sleep I may rest in the Lord , and so may have comfort in his appearance ? Either this moment , either this minute , settle thy comfort and peace with Christ ; or it may be the next hour it will be too late . And remember that if ever you will live a holy life , if ever you will have a heavenly conversation on earth , you must be much , and seriously settled in this meditation : slight it not , pass it not in your thoughts as a matter of discourse , but let it be a working meditation , let it be effectual to produce somewhat in you that may warm and heat your hearts , and to set on fire the whole soul , and to purge out the dross of corruption that remains in you . Thus you see what it is that the Apostle here undertakes for himself , and for as many as walked as he did : they had a heavenly Conversation , and that which made them have a heavenly conversation , was the looking for the coming of Christ . This was the fruit of their looking for the coming of Christ , it made them walk in a heavenly conversation on earth . There is another fruit of this : by their looking for Christ , they shall find him to be a Lord and Jesus : We look for the Saviour the Lord Jesus : Which word sheweth , that all that Christ did for the purchase of our redemption , he did it by price , and by power . He did it by price , he satisfied his Fathers Justice , and so he is a Saviour : We wait ( saith the Apostle , 1 Thes : 1.10 . ) for his Son from heaven , whom he raised from the dead , even Jesus , which delivered us from the wrath to come . And by power to , over Sathan : so he is a Lord , the Lord of might . Thou shalt find at the day of Christs , that he will both be Saviour and Lord to thee . A Saviour to free thee from sin and condemnation ; A Lord , to bestow upon the heaven , and glory with the Saints . This is another benefit of our looking for Christs coming in the manner before spoken of , we shall find him then to be a Lord , and Jesus : one that will save us from our sins , and one that hath power to bestow heaven upon us . Wouldest thou then have this comfort at that day ? Let him be so here to thee in this life : let him be thy Lord and commander of all thy affections , of the whole man , yeeld obedience now to his will , and thou shalt find him a Jesus then . He is not a Jesus , a Saviour , except he be a Lord and Commander also . But you see I cannot stand to insist upon this . The occasion of our meeting at this time , is to commit to the Earth the body of our Sister departed : She hath now the termination and conclusion of all her waiting and expectation . And after so long a waiting , there remaineth a sleeping in the Grave awhile , when the soul resteth in the hands of Christ , and waiteth for that great day , when body and soul shall be joyned together . I perswade my self well of her , that She was one of the number of those waiters that shall have joy at the coming of Christ ; I had not much knowledg af her , only I observed in her sickness a good purpose and desire of new and better obedience , and performing better service to Christ then she had done , if God should have spared her longer . And she expressed also a great desire of Christs second coming ; a desire that he would receive her to himself , and that these dayes of sin might be finished . Much she was in these desires , and she had good warrant for it : for she was careful ( as I am informed ) to set up the kingdome of Christ in her Family . It is the duty of a good Wife to be a help to her Husband , especially in matters of piety , and the worship of God : and therein her example should teach wives to strive herein . She was alwayes stirring him up to prayer in his Family , to a more careful sanctifying of the Lords day , herein She was frequent . She was much mortified to the world for some late years ( as it was observed in her daily course by those that knew her . ) Thus she laboured to fit her self and her Family , that she might have comfort in the great Day of the appearing of the Lord Jesus . I speak upon information , for your edification , to stir you up to labour to fit your selves for Christ , by purging out of sin in your hearts and lives . Labour to fit your Families for Christ , that when you , and your servants and children , shall appear before him , you may look on them , and look on Christ with comfort , as men that before have prepared themselves for the coming of Christ , and as those that then shall lift up their heads , because the day of their redemption draweth nigh . CHRISTS PRECEPT AND PROMISE OR , SECURITY AGAINST DEATH . SERMON XVII . JOHN 8.51 . Verily , verily , I say unto you , if a man keep my saying , he shall never see Death . IT is not long ( men and brethren ) since Death rode in triumph thorow this City , and did bear down all before him : he locked up your houses , pulled down your windows , and made the wealthiest among you put upon them the semblance of Banckroutness , by locking up their doors , and turning their backs to their houses , and running away , so it plaid the Tyrant then : there died thousands a week , and the Grave that alwaies cryeth , Give , give , was almost cloyed with carkasses : Death served himself so fast , that the Prison could scarse hold the Prisoners : It might almost have been said then of this City , as once it was of AEgypt ; There was scarse a house wherein some were not dead , at least where there was not the fear of Death . Now it hath pleased God to shew you more favour , and men now die but by scores ; Death goeth his old pace , and takes away a few secretly without observation . But Death is amongst you still , and still will be so long as sin is among you : and therefore it will not be unseasonable upon this occasion for me to speak , and you to hear somewhat that may arme you against this last and worst Enemy , Death : which though he make not such a stir in these times of less Mortality , yet he will certainly take us all away one by one : And who can tell but he may be amongst the number of the hundred , or fewer hundreds that die now , as no man could tell wether he should be amongst the number of the thousands then ? Since Death therefore is alwayes an enemy , and alwayes fighteth against us ( though not alwayes with like fury and violence ) it is a part of wisdome in us alwayes to hear , and to practise that which may secure us against the danger of death . And that is taught in this Text. Verily , verily , I say unto you , If a man keep my saying , he shall never see death . Wherein ( not to speak any thing of the Context ) I pray take notice who speaks the words . The Author of truth : the Death of Death , he that can best tell by what means a man may shun the hurt of it : he that hath vanquished it , and overcome the uttermost of his assaults : Our Lord Jesus Christ , that hath slain death , and brought life and immortality to light . He giveth us this direction for the avoyding of the hurt of Death . Then observe the manner of his speaking . Verily , verily , I say unto you : with an affirmation earnest and redoubled . He never affirmed any thing unture , therefore that which he speaks is an undoubted verity . He never spake any thing rashly , therefore that which he affirmed so earnestly , is a weighty thing , and of great consequence . And lastly observe ( that which I only shall insist upon ) the matter of his direction here comprehended in a hypothetical proposition , which hath ( as all such have ) two parts . An Antecedent , and a Consequent . In the one he sheweth the Duty to be done as a necessary condition for the obtaining of that which is specified in the other . The first hath the Duty ; The second the benefit that floweth from the Duty . These two are knit together in a most necessary consequence . If a man keep my word , he shall never see death . You see now the only , and perfect remedy against the evil of Death ; that is , to keep the saying and word of Christ . If any would know by what means he may be secured against the terrible of all terrible things ( as one calleth Death ) here is a sure and certain rule for him , and he need not doubt of it , it cometh from the mouth of Christ , let him keep his saying , and then Death shall never do him harm . I will first interpret these words unto you , and then make them good by Scripture and Reason and then apply them , and commit my self and you , and all at last to the blessing of God. First then , when our Saviour Christ saith ; If a man : we must conceive him to mean generally , at least indefinitely , If any man whatsoever : for so it pleaseth him to in large his promise in the redoubling of the word , that no man may have cause to say he is excluded , except he exclude himself . Keep my sayings . Here first I must shew you what is meant by sayings : and then what it is to keep those sayings . The Saying , or words of Christ , is , the doctrine of the Gospel , the Covenant of Grace ; which by an excellency is called His : because by it he bringeth life and immortality to light , ( as I said before ) which in former times was hid as it were in the dark , and not made known so publikely to the sons of men . The Gentiles knew little or nothing of it . The Jewes knew what they knew with much darkness and obscurity . He that was ( almost ) the first Preacher of this Gospel in clear terms without any vail or darkness ( John Baptist ) who was as it were between both , he did delives this doctrine not so darkly as the Prophets before him , nor so clearly , as after it was by our blessed Saviour , and those that succeeded him . Therefore I say , it is the Saying of Christ by an excellency , because he did in a manner first begin to teach and declare the same , in the cleareness and sweetness thereof : and he sent his Apostles abroad to make it plain and manifest to all the world , that a man may run and read it . And His likewise it is called , because he is the Author of it , for he is the worker of that salvation which it declareth to us . Now , his Doctrine of the Gospel hath two parts . The first acquainting us with our misery . The second with the Remedy . For as the Bond and Acquittance specific the debt , but to different purposes , the one to 〈◊〉 the Debtor to the payment , the other to absolve and acquit him : even so the Law and the Gospel both declare the misery of man , the one to tye it fast upon him , the other to help him the better to lease it from him . The Physitian intreateth of the sickness as well as the Cure , but of the sickness alone for the cures sake : The Judge passeth a sentence of condemnation , and then largly rehearseth the crime and punishment due to the offender : the Pardon likewise makes mention of the fault , and the punishment , but in a different manner , and to a different end . So the Gospel declareth mans misery , and borroweth so much of the Law , that may lay down our wretched estate in our selves , and so draw in that which is the main and principal part of it , the remedy of our souls . And this part of the Gospel the Apostle St. Paul succinctly delivereth in a few words , Rom. 3.23 . All have sinned , and are come short of the glory of God : All have sinned , and All have sinned in such a short , and measure , and degree , that they are fallen short of the glory of God , by which the Apostle ( I think ) meaneth , life Eternal : that Glory , that ( had it not been for sin ) he would have bestowed upon the sons of men , by vertue of the first Covenant he made with them . The second part of the Gospel , the words of Christ , is concerning the Remedy , whereby a man may be helped against this misery . And for that purpose it sheweth us , Who helpeth us ; And how he helps us . And what is to be done by our selves , that we may obtaine and enjoy this help . The Person that helpeth us , is the Son , Manifest in the flesh , the Son of God taking our nature upon him , and cloathing himself in the similitude of sinful flesh : the Eternal Son of the Father , assuming ( I say ) the very nature of man into the unity of his Person , so becoming God and Man in the same Person , he is the sole Redeemer , neither is there any other name under heaven by which we can be saved , but by his alone . Again , it sheweth us by what means he saveth us : as the Apostle speaks plain enough in the next verse to that I spake of before , being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Jesus Christ . To the intent that he might free us from the Curse of the Law , and wrath of God , and the danger of eternal Death , he vouchsafed to be made sin for us , to satisfie the justice of his Father , by enduring the Curse of the Law , and to accomplish the Righteousness of the Law , by being made ( in our stead ) under the Law ; so he became a Propitiation for the sins of the sons of men , as the Apostle saith in that place . Thus Christ by his perfect satisfaction made to his Father , and by that perfect Righteousness whereby he was subject to the Law for our sakes , hath absolutely and fully delivered us from the power of sin and of Death , and performed the work of our Redemption : by vertue whereof , by the merit , and worth , and value whereof we are delivered , and saved , and Redeemed from this Death , and from all other evils that crosse our eternal happiness . And thirdly , the Gospel sheweth us by what means we may become partakers of this happiness and Redemption in Christ : and telleth us of three things , ( as it were ) Conditions of the Covenant of Grace , of the New Covenant , which is ratified by the bloud of Christ . I say of three things , the Conditions ( on our parts ) of that Covenant , which if we do , we shall certainly be saved by the Redemption in Christ. The first is Repentance . The second is Beleeving . The third is our New obedience . All and each of these plainly exprest in the word of God. As for Repentance , it is that where with John the Baptist began his Preaching . It is that that our Saviour commanded his Apostles to declare to the Jewes , Repent , for the kingdome of heaven is at hand . It is that which himself preached at the first , as Saint Mark witnesseth , chap. 1.15 . It is that which Saint Paul began with , when he came to the Athenians , Acts. 17. and now he admnisheth all men every where to repent . It was the first of the foundations of the Doctrine of the beginning of Christ ; that was wont to be taught in the Ancient Church , as withesseth the Authour to the Hebrewes , chap. 6. not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works , and then he proceedeth to the rest . This Repentance is that which the Lord requireth absolutely of the sons of men , as a condition of the new Covenant , the Covenant of Grace , without which they cannot possibly be made partakers of the same . And this Repentance hath four parts , every one of which is so needful , that without it the rest is little worth . First lamenting for our sins , and being sorry for our iniquities , as David said of himself , Psal . 38. I will declare my iniquity , and be sorry for my sins . And so the Apostle Saint James expresseth it , chap. 4.9 . Afflict your selves , mourn and weep , let your laughter be turned into sorrow , and your joy into tears . Therefore Christ you know , was sent to Preach glad tydings to the Prisoners and Captives , and the opening of the prison to the prisoners , and to bring the oyle of gladness to those that mourned in Sion . A man must first be a Mourner in Sion , one that simiteth on his thigh , and saith with Jeremy , Woe to me because I have sinned . Secondly , to this Sorrow must be joyned acknowledgement , and confession of sin to Almighty God , for so witnesseth the Wise-man , Prov. 28. If we confesse and leave our sins , we shall have mercy . So David saith , Psal . 32.3 , 4. I said I will confesse my sins , and thou forgavest the iniquity of my sin . And Saint John telleth us in his 1. Epist . 1.9 . If we confesse our sins , God is faithful and true to forgive us our sins . So you see Confession as well as sorrow absolutely required to obtain remission . A man must even Arraigne , and as it were indite himself before God , plead guilty , acknowledg his trespass whatsoever it be , and judge himself worthy to be destroyed for them , or else he repents not though he weep out his eyes with mourning and lamentation . The third thing requisite is , a firm purpose of amendment of life . Whosoever will have God to accept his teares , and bend a favourable care to his humiliation and acknowledgement , he must so acknowledge what evil he hath already done , that he put on a stedfast purpose of doing so no more : according to the direction that our Saviour Christ giveth to the man that he had healed , Joh. 5. Goe thy way and sin no more : and as Saint Paul speaks , Let him that stole , steal no more : And therefore the Wise-man putteth on this part to the former , in the before alledged place , If we confesse our sins , and leave them , we shall find mercy . There must be ( I say ) a settled purpose , and a fixed flat determination in the soul of every man to cast off those transgressions that he hath confest , and to return no more to commit them , at least not to allow those sins that he hath acknowledged . Lastly , there must be added to the former three , or else they will not availe neither , an earnest supplication to God for mercy , and forgiveness through the mediation of his wel-beloved Son Jesus Christ : which was wont to be craving mercy without this mentioning of Christ , before he was offered , and revealed to the world . But now it must be so done , as we must specially and particularly prefer our thoughts and desires to him , in begging mercy at his Fathers hands for his sake alone . So David , after the numbring of the people , I have done exceeding foolishly , but Lord blot out , for give the sin of thy servant : So God commandeth , Hos . 14.2 . Take to you words , and say to the Lord , receive us graciously : So did David when he renewed his repentance , ( and so must all men do when they begin to repent ) Have mercy upon me according to the multitude of thy mercies , and blot out my transgressions , &c. These are the parts of repentance . And this is the first thing required at our hands , as the condition of the Covenant of Grace , without which we can never obtain life eternal : And this repentance consisteth of sorrow for sin , and acknowledgment of it to God , with a firm purpose of amendment , and earnest petition of pardon , for the sake of the Lord Jesus Christ . And this is such a Doctrine as the Covenant of works , the Law , never taught to the sons of men : Nay , verily it will not admit it : the Law scorns ( as it were ) to admit repentance , for it excludeth sin : Repentance implieth sin in all the degrees and kinds , therefore it is far from accepting Repentance : if thou hast once broke the Law , repent , or not repent ; amend , or nor amend ; be sorry , or not sorry ; thou shalt never be pardoned or forgiven : It is a rough and stern School-master , that will whip and scourge offending children , though they crave pardon never so much : It is a rough Creditour that will throttle the Debtour , and cast him into Prison though he confess the debt , and be never so importunate in asking favour and patience . But the Covenant of Grace , it is a sweet Doctrine , a comfortable Doctrine . Thou hast sinned , oh man , and broken the Law , and fallen from the favour of God , and all possibility of salvation in thy self : but come , be sorry for thy sin , acknowledg it to thy Maker ; resolve to run on in it no longer , cry to him for pardon of it ; he will graciously pardon thee . This is a sweet Doctrine you see , full of comfort and consolation : yet it is a Doctrine that tendeth to the honour of the Justice of God , as well as to the honour of his grace and love : the Lord could not prescribe other conditions for receiving us to favour , but that we should repent . What Judg would so abuse mercy , as having past the sentence of death upon a Malefactour , will yet pardon him , and save him from the halter , if he be not sorry for his crime , and come and intreat for mercy and favour , and confess that he hath offended , and promise never to do so again ? there is no mercy and pardon for such a one , because mercy must not oppose Justice , though it may somewhat ( as we may say ) mitigate Justice . The bloud of Christ if it were shed ten thousand times over , it could never corrupt the Justice of God : it may satisfie it , but not corrupt it : now the Justice of God were corrupted , if it should admit an impenitent and hard-hearted sinner to favour , and bestow upon him remission of sins and life everlasting , that would never leave it , nor forsake it , nor be sorry for it , but still go on to offend God , and trample under foot his authority : this being coutrary to Justice in the very nature and essence of Justice , it cannot possibly be effected , no not by the shedding of the bloud of Christ : the bloud of Christ is of that vallue , that it satisfieth the Justice of God , and causeth him upon the penitence and humiliation of a sinner , to receive him to grace and favour . You see now what is the first part of the Condition required on our side for the obtaining of life by Christ , that is Repentance . The next is , Faith in Christ . This we are taught every where : If thou beleeve in the Lord Jesus Christ ( saith the Apostle to the trembling Jaylour ) thou shalt be saved . And ( saith our Saviour ) this is the work of God , that ye beleeve on him whom he hath sent . This beleeving on Christ , is I suppose nothing else bnt a staying , and resting , and depending , and relying upon the merits and satisfaction of our blessed Saviour , by the vertue and merit thereof to obtain remission of sins , and eternal life , and all good things promised in the New covenant at the hands of God. He that goeth quite out of himself , forgetteth all his own actions , casteth behind him whatsoever seemed good in him , and wholly claspeth on Christ , and cleaveth to him , staies on him , resteth on him for the remission of sins , and for the favour of God , and for grace and salvation , this man beleeveth in the Lord Jesus Christ : and this man performs that duty which makes him one with Christ ; that causeth him to become a member of that mystical body whereof Christ is the head : and that causeth him to be one with the Father , and to be the child of God , for by faith we are become the children of God. This Faith in Christ the Law doth not teach , the former Covenant would not accect : What ? to bring to the Law , the Righteousness of another , the satisfaction of another , and to trust upon that to be entertained and received , the Law rejects it . Thou must pay thy self , in thy own person , and with thy own goods , thou must yeeld perfect obedience to the Law , and fully accomplish it in thy own person : it will not receive payment of another for thee : it will not accept satisfaction of the righteousness of another on thy behalf . But , oh the sweetness of the Doctrine of the Gospel . If we have a Treasurer that is able , and willing to pay the debt , that will tender and make payment of it , we shall be accepted for his sake ; so that we give him the glory of resting upon this payment , and be not so absurd as to mix any action of our own to that payment , that ●…e hath made fully and compleatly for us . This is a Doctrine of sweetness , and favour , and great compassion , that though we cannot do it of our selves , we shall be accepted , if our Surety will do it for us , so that we give our Surety the glory of being a prefect and able pay-master , and relye wholly upon his satisfaction . The last part of the condition on our side , is that we yeeld New obedience to the Law : Perfectly to obey it : to which we are tyed hy the former Covenant . But now this is the obedience of the Gospel , a thing far different from the obedience of the Law that was formerly required in the old Covenant : there a man was tyed , and bound to obey perfectly , fully , compleatly , without any defect : In a word , he must pay the uttermost farthing ; he must do his duty , his whole duty , in in all the parts and degrees , with all fulness of perfection , absolutely without any defect or want , without any imperfection at all . An impossible labour for corrupted men : a service that none ( all having lost those abilities that God gave man at the first ) can ever reach to . But then cometh the sweet Gospel , the Doctrine of grace and favour , of tender compassion , and faith thus ; If thou wilt consent to obey , thou shalt eate the good things of the Land : If you mortifie the deeds of the body by the spirit , you shall live , Rom. 8.13 . But if you ( though never so much in shew under the Covenant of Grace ) live after the flesh , you shall die . Ye see , New Obedience is required absolutely as a Condition of the Gospel , for the obtaining of everlasting happiness , for the escaping of Death : and Saint John faith ; If we walk in the light , we have fellowship one with another , and the bloud of Christ shall purge us from all sin : so that this walking in the light , and New Obedience , is obsolutely required of all those that intend to be made partakers of Christ and his benifits : they must give up their souls and bodies as instruments of his glory , and not serve sin any longer in the lusts thereof : they must not give their members as weapons of unrighteousness to sin , but live as becometh them that are one with Christ , mortifying all the lusts of the flesh , and quicken themselves , or being quickened with him , to parctise all good things required in his word , and to obey all his commands , which was first written in Adams heart , and then in Tahles of stone . This New Obedience is the same in substance that was required in the former Covenant , but now with a gracious acceptation of endeavour after perfection , instead of perfection : the former tyed us to the obedience of all that was required , in all fulness , and then promising acceptance ; but the obedience that the Gospel requires , is striving to this perfection in truth and sincerity , desiring and labouring after it , in putting out our selves towards it , and then promising acceptance through the perfection of Christ , in and by which our imperfections are done away . Now ( Brethren ) you understand what this saying of the Lord Christs is , by vertue of the keeping of which we must be secured ( if we be secured ) from the hurt of Death . What is it now to Keep the saying of Christ ? It is to inform our Judgements in the understanding of these truths , and assent to them as truths , and to practise and follow them , to do the duties which we have heard , to practise the Doctrine of Repentunce , and Beleeving , and Obedience . I confess our Saviour doth proclaim it thus , Repent and beleeve the Gospel : but for the more clear explaining of it , we make new Obedience a thing of it self , and not included in the Doctrine of Repentance : for it is an act of that whereof Repentance is a resolute wishing and desiring . A man cannot possibly rest on Christ for salvation , till he hath so asked pardon , as he resolveth an amendment : and when he hath this resolution , and relyeth on Christ for the pardon of his sin , then from him he receiveth power to amendment of life , and so his purpose cometh to action , and his desire to execution . Thus alone these two things differ as far as I conceive . Now I say , this is the Doctrine of the Gospel , and to keep it , is to know , and beleeve , and follow it , to beleeve and obey : as Christ faith , If you know these things ; there is one part of the duty , happy are you if you do them : there is a second , for they can never be done , except they be done as known . And thus I have interpreted the first part of the Proposition , namely , the Antecedent . Let us say somewhat of the latter too , the benefit that followeth upon the former duty , and for the obtaining of which the former duty is necessary , namely , that he shall never see death . What is it to see Death ? And what Death is meant here ? To see good things in the Scripture phrase , is as much oftentimes as to enjoy them , to have the benefit and commodity of them , to receive them , to entertain them : Without holiness no man shall see God ; that is , no man shall enjoy God : Blissed are the poor in spirit , for they shall see God ; that is , thay shall enjoy God. On the contrary , to see a thing that is tearmed Evil , is to be annoyed with it , to have the hurt of it lying upon a man , and pressing him down : as they in Jeremy said , Let us go into Egypt , where we shall not see sword or famine ; meaning , that they should not be pursued by war , and want of things needful : so that by seeing evil , is meant the evil lying upon one , and annoying and hurting one : and so I suppose it is meant here . And by Death , is meant , Natural , and ( as we may tearm it . ) supernatural , and eternal Death : For the keeping of Christs sayings , so freeth men from the latter , as they never come neer it : and so freeth them from the former , as they never dread to be under the power of the latter . And the first Death of the outward man , which is the separation of the Body from the Soul , it is no Death if it separate not both from God , which it can never do , if a man keep the sayings of Christ : therefore though his body ( that keepeth the sayings of Christ ) be took from his soul , yet he seeth not death so as to have any hurt by it , he feeleth no ill by it : nay , it is good to him , for it is a passage from misery to rest and felicity . Thus ye have these words as faithfully interpreted to you , as I know how . And now I will make proof of this Doctrine thus explicated , namely , that thus to keep Christs sayings , to know and follow the Doctrine of the Gospel , is the only sure way to escape the danger and hurt of Death . Saint Peter acknowledgeth as much , when he said to the Lord Jesus Christ , that he had the words of Eternal life , then he that keepeth them is certainly safe against the hurt of Death . So the Angel speaks to the Apostles whom the Pharisees had imprisoned , when he brought them forth of Prison , he biddeth them speak to the people the words of this life : since Christs Doctrine is the word of life , it must needs follow , that the keeping thereof is a perfect Antidote against the poyson of Death . And Saint Peter when he gave an account to the rest of the Apostles , and the brethren of Judea , of his going to the Gentiles , he saith that an Angel appointed Cornelius to send for him , that he might speak words to him , whereby himself and his family , should be saved : and those words which cause a man to be saved , you know will give him freedome enough from Death . Thus I have proved the point by expresse Texts : and there are two reasons of it . The first is delivered by the Apostle Saint John in the first Epistle , and second Chapter , where he faith , let that abide in you , which you have heard from the beginning ( that is the Doctrine of the Gospel which Christ taught , his sayings , ) if that remain in you , you also shall continue in the Son , and in the Father . He that hath fellowship with the Son , and with the Father can never see Death , for God is the fountain of life : therefore those that are one with him , and continue in him , cannot see Death no more then he can be overwhelmed with darkness , that is where the Sun shineth fully ; no more then the body can be dead , as long as it hath communion with the soul : so those in whom the word of Christ remaineth and stayeth , they are assured that they shall remain with the Father and the Son : and therefore being united to that that is life , God the Father , and the Son , it is impossible that ever they should be hurt by the first , or ever at all taste of the last Death . Again , the Word of Christ freeth him in whom it remaineth from the power and hurt of sin , bringing to him remission of sins , and sanctification . And being free from sin the cause of Death , it is easie to conjecture that he shall be freed from Death it self . Let a mans Debt be satisfied , and let the favour of the Prince be obtained , and a Pardon granted , the Prison shall never hold him long , he shall not be brought to the place of Execution , but when his guives are knocked off , he is set at liberty : so when we have obtained power against sin by the powerful work of the Spirit of God , which alwayes at the same time doth bend the heart of man to rest on Christ for salvation , and heartily to indevour to walk before him in holiness and righteousness : when I say , we are thus freed from the power and guilt of sin , it is impossible that Death should lay hold upon us as his prisoner , to carry us to the dungeon of Hell , and to hold us under the wrath of God , and that fiery indignation of his that causeth Hell to be Hell. Therefore certainly the words of Christ are an undoubted truth , and we must rest upon them without all distrust and wavering , that he that keepeth his sayings shall never see death , and that the knowledge , and beleeving , and obeying , the Doctrine of the Gospel , is the only sure way to escape the hurt and ill of Death it self . Let us make some Application of this Doctrine to our souls . First , to stir us up to a right hearty thankfulness unto Almighty God , that is pleased to cast our times and dayes , into that age , and those places where the Doctrine of the Gospel , this Saying of our blessed Saviour is so clearly , and plainly , and evidently laid open to you ; and frequently and earnestly prest upon your souls : where the Lord cometh to declare unto you the way to life ; where he scoreth you out a path , that will bring you quite out of the clutches and danger of Death , this is the happiness of our present Age , and place where we live , and this whole kingdom too . The grace and mercy , and favour of our loving God hath so disposed of us , that we do not live in times of Paganisme and darkness , where there was no news of Christ : that we live not in places of Popish darkness , where the Doctrine of the Gospel is so mixed and darkned with tricks and devices of their own , that they cannot see Christ clearly . It is our happiness , I say , that we do not live in those places , and times , where either Paganisme or Popery with their darkness covered Christ from us , and caused us that we could not clearly see or hear him , and so not keep his sayings : But now grace is offered , light is tendered to us : we may be saved , we may escape the danger of damnation , if the fault be not solely and wholly in our carelesness , and wilfulness , and neglect , and abuse of the means that God hath afforded us . The heathen men that have not heard of Christ cannot possibly attain to life , ( as far as we can judge by the Scripture . ) And it is very difficult for the Papists ( that hear so darkly , and are told of the Doctrine of the Gospel , with so many sophistications ) to come to be saved . But for us that have the Doctrine of the Gospel so plainly , and carefully taught us , and revealed unto us , we may be saved , and may easily see the way to obtain salvation . So we go beyond them in happiness . Oh blessed be the name of the Ever-living God , that beside the peace and plenty , and other temporal benefits wherewith he hath crowned this unworthy Nation of ours , he hath added this blessing of blessings , this King of favours to give us so clear a revelation of the Doctrine of salvation by faith in Christ alone . Blessed be his name , and let your hearts say Amen to this thanksgiving : and let it be one part of your endeavour this day to give solemne praise every man apart , and his Family apart for this unspeakable mercy of his , in making you live in the dayes of Light , and in the bright Sun-sh●…ne of the Gospel : and you shall prove your selves to have begun to have kept Christ saying , if you be thankful for his making of it known unto , and for writing of it in your hearts . This is the first Vse . Next , I beseech you let me take boldness to reprove ( I fear ) a great number of you of a sin , whereof I will make it appear you are guilty . Men there are that make large promises to themselves that they shall never be damned , they shall not go to Hell , they hope Death shall not have power to dragg them from this world to the place of darkness . Thou hopest so ; Come , render a reason of thy hope . To hope without a ground , is to deceive ones self with extream folly . As for example : there are a number of prisoners in New-gate , or in some other Prison : should they hope for some man of great wealth to pay their debts , and save them from hanging : should they not be arrant fools to hope , except they could shew some ground for their hope , and some evidence for their expecting of such a kindness ? Thou that hopest , thou shall never see Death ; come answer God in thy conscience : dost thou keep the saying of Christ or no ? Where is the knowledge of the Doctrine of the Gospel ? Dost thou beleeve that which concerns thee touching thy misery , and so apply that to thy self , to make thee a penitent sinner ? Dost thou beleeve the Doctrin concerning the Remedy , and so apply that to thy self , to make thee perfect thy repentance , by being not only grieved for sin , but taking boldness to confesse it , and ask pardon , and by framing thy self in thankfulness to amendment of life , and new obedience ? Dost thou ( I say ) know this Doctrine , and so know it as to practise it ? Hope and spare not ; the more thou hopest , the better thy hope is ; the stronger and surer it is , the more thou glorifiest God , and the more it shall comfort thee . But oh unhappy man , if thou findest not in thy self the care and power in some measure to do these things ; cursed be thy hopes , because they be disgracefull to Almighty God , tending to make him a lyar , and an unjust person ; and because they are dangerours to thy own soul , tending to rock thee asleep in the cradle of security . Cursed be those unsound and sandy-built hopes of most men , that never yet applied themselves to confesse and lament their sins ; that never applied themselves to crave pardon , and to resolve upon amendment ; that never studied to throw themselves into the Armes of Gods mercy in Christ for pardon ; that never intended to mortifie the deads of the body , and to subdue the flesh with the lusts thereof : and yet they hope they shall not be damned : thou maist as well hope that the Divel shall come out of Hell into Heaven , as thou to go out of earth into Heaven . If thy hope be not grounded upon the workings of these graces , because thou findest thy self penitent ; because thou findest thy self careful to strive to rest wholly upon Christ for salvation ; because thou findest thy self industrious in the study of newness of life : except ( I say ) thy hope be thus grounded , it is the vainest thing in the world , and it will never do the good at the last hour . Brethren give me leave to tell you that there are two Gospels in the world : the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ , and the Gospel of Belzebub ( as I may call it ) the Gospel of the Divel , that comes from Hell , and tendeth to bring men thither . Christs Gospel is , Repent and beleeve , and obey , and be saved . The Divels gospelis : say you beleeve , make your selves imagine that you have faith , and then never care for repentance and obedience , and you shall be saved . Christs Gospel is summed up thus by the Prophets , Return to him and live . But the Divils goeth thus ; Assure thy self thou shalt live , though thou care not for repentance . Oh let not the Divel beguile you with that false and counterfeit Gospel of his , whosoever leaneth to it , shall find it like the Authour of it , a Lyar ; and when he hath trusted to it , that confidence and hope of his shall be as the Spiders web , the Beesome of destruction shall sweep it and him down to the depth of Hell : Death shall have dominion over him , and carry him from this present world to the region of darkness , into eternal torment : he shall see Death in the grimness and terribleness of it , he shall feel it in all the extremity that the wrath of God can inflict upon the children of disobedience . Thirdly , I have to command and require you in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ , that you apply your selves to a thing tending so much to the honour of him , and to the commodity and comfort of your own souls . I have shewed you that Jesus Christ hath revealed a way how you should escape the danger of Death eternal , and the hurt of Death natural . I beseech you now fall a doing one while , as you have been busied in hearing . To what purpose is it that you flock to hear Sermons , and throng to receive the Word , except you lay it up in your hearts , and apply your selves to practise : If thou hast not begun before , now begin : if thou hast begun before , now resolve to proceed with more life and courage : Either begin or persist in the practise of the Doctrine of the Gospel . If thou hast not repented , I require thee in the name of the living God , to make this hour the first beginning of thy repentance : and apply thy self to lay the foundation of that work , before thou lay thy head to sleep . Go and call to mind thy sins , and make thy cheeks wet , at least thy heart heavy for the multitude of thy great offences : down on thy knees in thy Closet ; make thy confession of them to God , sigh for them , mourn for them , labour to weep for them , afflict thy soul with great sorrow and remorse : then cry for pardon and remission : as the thiese begs at the bar for mercy , so do thou for the forgiveness of thy sins through Christ Jesus ; and put upon thy self a firm resolution , and stedfast purpose to go on no more in the wayes of wickedness , to practise grosse sins no more , nor no more to allow any sin that thou knowest to be a sin , though it be never so small . Doe thus ( my brethren ) and then you may and will , ( it will follow almost of it self ) rest on Christ for salvation . He that so seeth his own sins , as unfeignedly to lament for them , and to judge himself before God , ( if he apprehend the truth of the Doctrine of the Gospel , ) he cannot for his life but come on amain , and throw himself down before Christ , to imbrace , and receive , and entertain him , and lie in his Bosome . And that man cannot for his life , when he seeth the sweetness of the grace of God in Christ , but resolve to obey him , and determin to walk in the wayes of holiness , and take pains , and use industry for the overcoming of all sin : and by the vertue of Christ he shall prosper in this . I beseech you therefore set your selves awork about this great business , to get Repentance , and Faith , and New Obedience : it is much more needful then sleep , then meat , then attire : there is nothing in the world so requisite for thy welfare as these things . Scrape thou riches together in the same quantity that Solomon did , and ten thousands times more , yet thou shalt see Death once within a hundred , or half a hundred years . Get wisdome , yet thou shalt see Death after a few years . Take pleasure with as much greediness as he did once , when he forgat himself for a space , yet thou shalt see death . These things that the foolish world hunts after with so much earnestness of desire , will not secure thee from the sight of the King of feares , Death , as Job calleth it . But if thou once get Faith , and Repentance , and new obedience , then thou hast obtained that , that all the riches , and honour , and pleasures , and learning , or whatsoever seemeth desirable in the world , will not help their possessors to . What will you do ? ( brethren ) Grovel still on the earth ? and still be mad after back and belly ? Or will you now begin to think , I must die , I must shake hands with that dismal enemy , pale-faced Death , that is able to strike terrour into the strongest heart , and amazement into the stoutest soul that is not well confirmed : and if this Death find me destitute of true Repentance , and Faith , and New Obedience , it will seize upon me , and dragg me before the Judgement seat of God , where I shall be Henced away with a malediction and curse , and be forced to take my place with the Divel and his Angels in unquenchable flames ? Oh what shall I do then to secure my self from the great , from the strong , arme of death ? I will repent , now I will begin , Lord draw me , help me that I may do it . I will beleeve now ; Lord do thou work Faith that requirest it . I will obey , Lord inable me to preform such needful duties as thou commandest me . Shall this be your practice when you come home ? Will you thus study to practise Repentance , and Faith , and Obedience ? and study to cry and call for it , and use all your endeavour ? Or what will you do : will you be as idle and careless , as negligent and slothful in making after these graces as before ? Will you be as greedy of the transitory vanities of this life , as in former times ? Oh abuse not the word of God. If thou go out of the Church without a full purpose to apply thy self from hence forward , either to begin , or to proceed in the practise of the saying of Christ ; Cursed be thou in thy hearing , cursed be that hour that thou hast spent , and cursed be thy misbestowed labour , thou dissembling hypocrite . But if thou labour to practise this of Christ , namely to keep his sayings , the Doctrine of the Gospel , to repent , to beleeve , and to obey , blessed art thou in thy hearing , and in thy doing , and in thy obedience , happy is the time and the place , and all things that concur together to draw thee to so needful a work . I pray ( Brethren ) set not your labour upon gold and silver , and money , and trash , not upon the pleasures and delights , and contentments of the world , not on any other thing ; but mainly and principally above all things let your chief care be for Faith , and Repentance , and Obedience . If you strive for these things earnestly , and heartily , and constantly , as sure as the Lord is in heaven , he will bestow them upon you , and with them , the benefit of benefits , Freedome from Death . And now I shall speak comfort to those few that are in the world , that keep these sayings of Christ . Let them be of good comfort : if their capital enemy the King of fears , and the King of Afflictions be held from a possiblity of doing them harm , nothing can harme them . He that Death cannot hurt , paine cannot hurt , poverty and disgrace cannot hurt , nothing can hurt him . You know if the King of an Army be reconciled to a place , he will keep his Souldiers from spoyling , and burning , and destroying that place . If Death be put out of power to do thee hurt , and God be reconciled in Christ , because thou keepest the saying of Christ , nothing can hurt thee , thou art the happiest man under the Sun. Why should the poor , sad , afflicted , grieved , mourning , lamenting Saints of God envie them that are rich , and jolly , and merry worldlings , any of their pleasures and profits ? any of those things wherewith they like Idiots make themselves laugh at ? What ? hath not God given thee better things then he , that thou shouldest murmure and whine , and weep for want of them ? art thou still complaining for want of them ? Remember what Saint James faith , Let the brother of low degree ( that is abased and dispised in the world ) rejoyce , yea , rejoyce with great boasting , and glory , in his Exaltation . This is the exaltation of the Saints , Christ writing his sayings in their hearts , and inclining them through the operation of his Spirit , and the powerful work of his Word , to repent and beleeve , hath freed them from the danger of Death , and interessed them into eternal happiness , and that blisse that no tongue can expresse , nor no heart conceive . This is thy happiness : it is not to be rich , or to be great , for these cannot deliver the owner from the hurt of Death natural , nor from the danger of Death eternal . But to have Faith , and Repentance , and Obedience ; this is riches and exaltation : for he that hath them shall not alone escape the Dungeon of eternal darkness , but be advanced to the Palace of everlasting felicity . The Saint is the happy man : the penitent beleever , and true practiser of Christian obedience , he is the sole and only happy man under the Sun : for whatsoever storme he suffereth in this present world , he shall certainly escape Death , and obtaine Glory . Blesse God , and bless thy self in God , magnifie him , rejoyce in him , take comfort in thy lot and portion ; Death that devoureth Kings , that destroyeth Emperours , that conquers Captaines , and men of valour , shall not be able to approach thee for thy hurt , for thou keepest the saying of the Lord Jesus Christ . Rejoyce ( I say ) in this , magnisie him that is the Authour of it , and account thy self happy that thou hast rece●…ed from him so excellent a gift , as to be in some measure inabled to keep his saying . Yea , if it were so ( may some Christian heart object ) then I should esteem my self the happiest man alive ●… but alas , where is this Repentance you describe ? where is this New Obedience in me , that still , still , find my self captive and thral to passion , to this , and that , and the other lust , and divers corruptions ? Where is I say , that Repentance , when I find so much fin ? Where is that Faith , when I find so much wavering and quaking , so much aptness to distrust , and almost to dispaire ? Where is it ? It may be in thy heart of all thy complaining , and thou maist have it for all these exclaymings against thy self . Tell me , when thou findest those corruptions whereof , and for which thou speakest against thy self , Dost thou allow them or not ? dost thou confesse them , and lament them or not ? I confesse them indeed , but with such a finall deal of sorrow . Is it such a sorrow as draws thee to God ? and drives thee out of thy self ? such as makes thee to fall before him , and judge thy self worthy to be damned , and submit to his Justice ? Is it such a sorrow as makes thee confesse , and then purpose amendment ? Such as makes thee cry to him for power and strength ? such as makes thee rest on him for ability ? Dost thou determine still , still to amend that that still troubleth thee ? Dost thou still continue to fight with the lusts of thy flesh by the spiritual weapons that God hath ordained for thee ? I say to thee , thy Repentance , thy Faith , thy New Obedience may be true , though it be weak . When a man hath a shaking Palsey hand , it is a hand . A sick weake man that lies crying , oh , oh , that can scarse turn himself between the sheets , is a man , a living man. A poor child that is new born , and hath nothing that discovereth reason almost , but the shape of a man ? that poor child is a reasonable creature . Faith beginneth with weake apprehensions , and faint leanings on Christ . Deep godly sorrow , and other parts of Repentance , may begin many times with little And amendment of life begins sometimes at a low soundation , at small sins . If it be true , and sincere , and constant : if thou go on and continue in a course of daily renewing thy Repentance , and Obedience , and Faith , and stirring by Gods means to get the increase of these graces , and to be upright and sincere in them : thou art blessed in them notwithstaading thy weaknesse : take comfort in a little , and be thankful for it : God will give more , and the only way to get more , is to take comfort in a good measure in what thou hast : and the way to take comfort , is to labour to increase these graces . Let not the weak , troubled , seebled Christian be troubled in mind , as if he had no grace , because he hath but a little : as if he did not at all keep Christs sayings , because he keepeth them but a little . He is a scholler in the School that beginneth at Christ-Crosse-row ( as we call it . ) And he is entred into the Colledge , that beginneth but in a low book , with the first rudiments of Logick . And he is a member of the Family that began to be an Apprentise but yesterday , and comes not to a deep knowledge of his Art and Mistery , but is glad to do sorry work . Beleeve it ( brethren ) there may be great conceits of Repentance , and beleeving , and obeying , that may make a man good in his own eyes , and be altogether false . There may be a small measure of Repentance ; but if one be humbled in the smalness of that measure , and labour , and desire , and pray , and begg for the increase of that measure , and take pains to edisie himself in it , by the means of God : then it is true and upright , and shall save him . Therefore rejoyce . It is not with the Covenant of Grace , as it was with that of Works . The Covenant of Works , the Law required perfection of Obedience to all the things prescribed : a man must not only love God , but love God perfectly . But the Gospel satisfieth it self with accepting truch of endeavour to the thing required . If there be Repentance , though it be not in the full perfection : if thou beleeve , though not with the fullest measure of beleeving : If thou Obey , though not in the highest degree of obedience : this Gospel , this sweet , this favourable gracious Doctrine giveth thee consolation enough . Go home therefore comforted in the beginnings , and resolved to proceed : and know that thou shalt enjoy that which Christ hath promised , freedome from damnation , thou shalt never see Death . THE YOUNG MANS LIBERTY AND LIMITS : OR , GODS JUDGMENT ON MANS CARRIAGE . SERMON XVIII . ECCLESIASTES 11.9 . Rejoyce , oh young man , in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the dayes of thy youth , and walk in the wayes of thine heart , and in the sight of thine eyes : but know thou , that for all these things God will bring thee into Judgement . SOlomon in the conclusion of this Chapter is exhorting the sons of men to true Religion : and the better to mould and frame them to the same ; he mindeth them of Death and Judgement ; without which there cannot be planted in us a right care and fear of God. From the seventh verse to the latter end , he hath to do with two forts of men . First , with those that were glued to this life , and to the delights and pleasures thereof : and he bringeth them in , speaking thus ; Truly the light is sweet , and it is a pleasant thing to behold the Sun ; verse 7. By light there we are to understand the light of the Sun shining on us , while we enjoy this mortal life . This many men suppose to be a very pleasant thing , and they overmuch content themselves in the same . These Solomon verse 8. refuteth by three Arguments . The first is this , that though a man live many yeares , yet let him remember the dayes of darkness ; that is that a time of Death will come ; a time when our Sun will set , and our light wil turn to darkness , though we live never so long , never so sweetly , never so pleasantly , though we enjoy the light of the Sun , yet we should carefully remember that darkness abideth us . Secondly , faith Solomon , those dayes are many . His Argument is thus much . Let a man consider with himself , though he live many yeares , yet notwithstanding the dayes and years of his life , cannot be compared with the dayes and years of his Death : a man is many more years under the ground in the Grave , then above ground walking on the face of the earth . Thirdly , faith Solomon ; all that cometh 〈◊〉 vanity ? That is , if a man may enjoy the light of the Sun , and the pleasures of this life , that makes his heart●…ight ●…ome : yet all this is vanity ; there is no full contentment in these things , but an emptiness in them all , and no man knows how soon he may be bereaved of them . Now in the words we have read : Solomon hath to deal with the young man : and he is altogether given to jollity and merriment , he forgetteth God , and the dayes of darkness , and his latter end . Well , Solomon giveth him the bridle ( as it were ) and suffereth him to follow his own way by an Ironical concession , or figurative speech : declaring not what young men ought to doe , but what their course is , and what commonly they do . Re●…ce 〈◊〉 young man in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee in the dayes of thy youth , and walk in the wayes of thine heart , and in the sight of thine eyes : but know this ( there is the cooling-card ) that for all these things God will bring thee into judgment . In the words we will consider two parts . First , what young men do . Secondly , the Medicine of God to heal young men of their default . That that young men do is this ; They give over themselves to an inordinate carnal Joy. This Joy is set out from the time of it : the dayes of their youth . From the cause of it , their hearts chear them . From the kinds of it , they walk in the wayes of their hearts , and after the sight of their eyes . Secondly , the Medicine with which Solomon would heal young men of this inordinate carr●…al Joy , is this , Know ( saith he ) that for all these things , God will bring thee into Judgment : that is , it is a most divine and infallible truth , that every one should know and acknowledg , that whatsoever sins they commit in their youth , without repentance , they must undergo the dreadful Judgment of God because of them . Thus ( as briefly as I can ) I have opened the words unto you . Though I might insist on many doctrines , yet not witstanding , I will only handle these two . The first shall be that which ariseth from the first part of the Text ; what young men do ; what their fault is : For ( as I said ) it is an Ironnical concession , not declaring what young men should do , but what they do . The doctrine is thus much . That it is the sin of young men to rejoyce inordinately , and carnally , in the dayes of their youth , to walk after their hearts , and the sight of their eyes . We read concerning the old world , that they were eating and drinking , and marrying , and giving in marriage : altogether sottish and sensual , till the wrath of God came in the flood and swept them away . Now lest any should suppose that this were the fault of old age only , the Scripture sheweth , that all flesh had corrupted their way before God , Gen. 6.11 . Isa . 22.14 . Let us eat and drink , for to morrow we shall die . It is thought by learned Divines , that this speech was not so much the language of Age , as of the youth in Israel . Hence Solomon giveth a caveat to the young man , Eccles . 12.1 . to bridle and restrain him from his jollity and carnal mirth . Remember now thy Creatour in the dayes of thy youth , while the evil day come not , nor the years draw nigh , when thou shalt say , I have no pleasure in them . And the Apostle Saint Paul , 1 Tim. 2.22 . instructeth Timothy to flie the lusts of youth ; that is , in carnal pleasures and pastimes , in voluptuousness and sensuallity , and the like . And Tit. 2.6 . Exhort young men that they be sober minded ; that is , that they leave this drunkenness of understanding , in being overcome with sensual carnal objects and pleasures . Job ( in the first Chapter of that book ) when the young people , his Suns and Daughters met together to feast , he was afraid lest they should be misguided in this kind , therefore the holy man in a godly care and thoughtfulness for their welfare , sacrificed to God , to make attonement for their sin . Let us a little consider the reasons of this Doctrine , whence it is , that young men should be so much misguided in their youth . The first cause is , natural corruption that they have drawn by propagation from their Parents . A spiritual leprosie , and maladie , and disease , which as it prevaileth ( for the most part ) against age by covetousness , so it getteth ground of youth by sensuallity and voluptuousness . This dams up the eare against reproose : this hardens the heart against instruction : and makes many young men the souldiers of Sathan in sin . Again in the second place . Men in their youth forget the day of their reckoning and Judgment : they are not mindful of their latter end . Deut. 32.22 . Oh that they were wise , that they understood this , that they would consider their latter end . This Precept is neglected both by youth and age : but especially by those of younger yeares . For they feele their bloud run warm in their veins , and they are full of spirits and vigour , therefore they suppose that the Grave , and the house of darkness is far off from them . Again in the third place . Young men are not broken by afflictions : the fallow ground is not poughed up by the pressures of afflictons , which through the grace of God are great means to tame nature , and to subdue the pride of it , and to bring it to a right frame and temper . Before I was afflicted ( faith David ) I went a stray . And Ephraim faith of himself , Jer. 31. I was as a Bullock unaccustomed to the yoak , thou chastisest me , and I was chastised ; I was ashamed , because I bore the reproach of my youth . But young men are free from aches , and pains , and sickness , and sorrow , much more then old age : and this is the reason why they are more licentious . Lastly , young men want true joy in God : therefore they betake themselves to carnal joy . For sure it is that a man cannot live without joy and contentment : if he have it not from the Wells of salvation , he will drink it out of watery and slimy places . Now because men in their youth cannot take in the spiritual joy of that clear fountain , therefore they drink in the muddy waters of carnall joy . The use of this point is in the first place an Admonition to all young men , to take notice of these maladies , and spiritual diseases in themselves . The first degree of our healing , is to see that we are sick : and till then , Christ Jesus the Physitian of our souls , hath no commission to do us good . Let young men observe in themselves , first their carnal joy . Solomon here sheweth that they rejoyce inordinately . This may appear to them first , because they rejoyce not where they ought : they solace not themselves in God , in whom is the fountain of joy ; nor in Christ Jesus , in whom is the spring of joy ; nor in the sacred Word , where there is the Cistern of Joy. Even as a bone when it is out of joynt , out of its place , it must needs be a disordered bone ; so the affections when they are misplaced , are disordered : and then our Joy , and any other affection are misplaced , when they are not set upon God and Christ . Now if young men would deal uprightly with themselves , they should perceive that for the most part in their jollity and merriment they never think of God , or dream of the world to come . Nay , the serious apprehension of God Almighty , would quench their joy , and make it altogether put out . Secondly , the carnalness of the joy of young men appeareth , because they rejoyce where they ought not , in riot , in drunkenness , in surfeiting , in voluptuousness , many times in obscenity of words and phrases , in making jeasts of the word of God , in deriding their superiours behind their backs . As Solomon faith of laughter , thou art mad ; so we may say of this merriment , it is mad merrimemt : he is a mad man that rejoyceth in that for which , except he betake himself to serious and bitter mourning , he cannot be saved . Thirdly , the inordinateness of the joy of young men may appear in this ; because they rejoyce excessively in lawful things : for any joy when it is inordinate and excessive , it is carnal . It is lawful to rejoyce in recreations : a whetting is no letting ( as the Proverb goeth . ) But for a man to let out himself to the hinderance of the service of God , to the disturbance of his duty to men , it is unlawful . It is lawfull to delight in the blessings , and comforts of God , that he affordeth us : we read of the Joy of harvest , in Isa . 9. But for a man to delight in the gifts of God , more then in the giver , it is unlawfull . Now if young men examine themselves , they shall find their hearts mount not up to God in their joy and jollity , and that they are excessive in the joy of the creature , but altogether cold , without joy of the Creatour . Fourthly , the carnalness of the Joy of young men may well appear in this ; because they terminate , and conclude not their joy in God. This followeth on the former : for it is impossible that what beginneth not in God , should end in God. Now when Joy beginneth in sin , it cannot end in God , but in the Divel . Secondly , let young men take notice of themselves , how they walk after their own hearts . The heart that saies ; Come , put away pensive thoughts : trouble not your self about the day of reckoning and Judgement ; enjoy the time present : what need this strictness of conversation : zeal is but rashness ; there is no need of it ; take thy sill of pleasures : thou hast goods laid up for many years . Thus they Judge , and thus they walk after their carnal heart . This heart is as no heart : as we read of Ephraim in Hosea 7. He was a silly dove that had no heart : Certainly the heart that doth not guide men in the right way , and direct men to the fear of God , it is no heart . For as the eye that will not lead us in the right way , that performs not its office , is no eye : so the heart that leadeth not men to God , and to goodness , it is like the heart of Ephraim , it is as no heart . Again in the third place . Let young men take notice of themselves , how they walk after the sight of their eyes . That is , they stand gazing on things temporal , and neglect things eternal : they see a beauty and lustre in these outward things , and perceive no glory and brightness in Christ Jesus , and in his precious Ordinances . Beloved , if we follow our own heart , and our own eyes it will be thus . We should rather labour with Job , to make a covenant with our eyes . Oh how few young men are there that make a bargaine and agreement with their eyes , that they Oh how few young men are shall not be as open Casements to let sin into the soul ? there , that like Jeremy , have their eyes as fountains of water , to weep day and night for the afflictions of the people of God ? Oh how few yonng men are there , that with Moses , have an eye to the recompence of reward , that they may suffer affliction with the people of God , rather then to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season ? Now I beseech you take a survey of your selves in these things . These are the vices , and sins , and deformities of young men : to be seen and lamented by all those that hope to dwell in Gods holy Hill. The second use of this point , is for exhortation to young men : they should labour to be reformed in their affections and hearts . And away , away with this carnall joy : we ought to cast it out of us . Carnal Joy : will you know what the event of it will be ? It will end in carnal sorrow , and without repentance in hell it self . Wo unto you ( faith our Saviour Christ ) that laugh now , you shall weep and mourn . The triumphing of the wicked ( saith Zophar in Job ) is short , and the joy of the hypocrite but for a moment ; though his excellency mount up to the heavens , and his head reach unto the clouds ; yet he shall perish as his own dung , they which have seen him shall say where is be ? He shall fall away as a dream , and shall not be found ; yea , he shall be chased away as a vision of the night . But not to give you this only in Precept , but also to shew you how to reform your selves in these vices , that Solomon speci●…eth bo bear sway in young men : let me lay you down these few directions . First , you must betake your selves to mourning for you sins ; as Saint James saith , Be afflctied , and weep , and mourn , let your laughter be turned into heaviuess . If we be not reconciled to God , if we have not assurance , that we are interested in Christ , there is no time for us to rejoyce , we should rather betake our selves to bitter mourning : for the wrath of God is due unto us , and we know not how soon it may fall upon us , In the second place : Consider how vain all things are in which youthfull persons rejoyce . If young men rejoyce in human wisdome and understanding , this is a vain thing . For first , it is gotten with a great deal of trouble , and vexation of spirit : so faith Solomon , Eccles . 1.13 . I gave my heart to seek , and search out by wisdom , concerning all things that are done under heaven , this sore travel hath God given to the sons of men to be exercised therewith . And ( verse 18. ) in much wisdome is much grief , and he that increaseth knowledg , increaseth sorrow . God doth so punish the pride and boldness of the wit of men , even from the fall of our first Parents . Secondly , this human wisdome it must needs be a vain thing , for Eccles . 1.15 . that which is crooked cannot be made straight , and that which is wanting cannot be numbred , by human wisdome ; The meaning is this : that the natural wisdome of man cannot supply the defects of nature which are innumerable : much lesse can it furnish the soul with grace or salvation . Thirdly , it is but vexation of spirit . Solomon though he had gotten wisdome and understanding , and had experience more then all the Kings of Jerusalem that were before him , yet ( faith he ) Behold this is vexation of spirit . Again , God will abolish this human wisdome , 1 Cor. 1.19 . I will destroy the wisdom of the wise , and will bring to nothing the understanding of the prudent . Where is the wise ? where is the Scribe ? where is the disputer of this world ? Hath not God made foolish the wisdome of this world ? Besides , all your human wisdom , it shall not go down to to the Grave : it shall leave you when you die . There is no work , nor device , nor knowledg , nor wisdome in the grave whether thou goest , Eccles . 9.10 . This is the first thing in which young men oft rejoyce , they are prudent and wise : And you see that this is a vain thing . In the second place , if a young man rejoyce in his honour , and credit amongst men : this also is vain . Solomon hath shewed it , Eccles . 2.16 . He declareth to us , that all the honour of the world will end in oblivion , there is ( saith he ) no remembrance of the wise , more then of the fool , for ever : for that which now is , in the dayes to come shall be forgotten , and how dieth the wise man ? as the fool . Again , if a man rejoyce in honour , and much glory , he cannot beleeve : so faith Christ , John 5.44 . How can you beleeve , since you seek honour one of another , and not the honour that cometh of God only ? And it is noted to be the reason why many of the chief Rulers that beleeved on Christ did not confesse him , ( without which faith cannot be unfeigned ) because they loved the praise of men , more then the praise of God , John 10.43 . Nay further , the Apostle sheweth us that this is the cause of envy , Gal. 5.26 . Be not desirous of vain-glory , envying one another . Envy is a vexing affection : this vain-glory is the cause of this envy : whereby we shall pine away , when we see the happiness and welfare of our brethren . Further , if young men delight in pleasures ( which is the common course of youth ) these also are vain things . I said in my heart ( saith Solomon , Eccles . 2.2 . ) Go to now , I will prove thee with mirth , therefore enjoy pleasure : and behold this also is vanity . Kings that have had the greatest wisdome to invent them : and the greatest leisure to use them : yet they never found full contentment in the same . I made me ( saith he vers . 4. ) great works , I builded me houses ; I planted me vineyards , I made me gardens and orchards , and planted trees in them of all kind of fruits , I made me pools of water , I got me servants and maidens ; also I had great possessions of great and small cattel , above all that were in Jerusalem before me ; I got me men-singers , and women-singers , and the delights of the sons of men , as musicall instruments of all sorts . Here were the pleasures of Solomon . But ( vers 11. ) Behold ( saith he ) I looked on all the works that my hands had wrought , and on the labour that I had laboured to do , and behold all was vanity ; and vexation of spirit , and there was no profit under the Sun. The wise Solomon that had been trying every creature , whether it had any thing in it that might give him a true rellish ; profest , that there was no profit under the Sun. Yet further ; these pleasures shall cease , there shall be an end of them , 1 Cor. 7.29 . The time is short , it remaineth that those that have wives , be as though they had none ; they that rejoyce , as though they rejoyced not ; they that buy , as though they possessed not ; they that use the world , as not abusing of it ; for the fashion of this world passeth away . Lastly , our Saviour Christ , in Luke 8.14 . sheweth that the pleasures of this life choak the word of God , that it cannot bring forth grateful fruit to God. Fourthly , if young men delight in riches , and rejoyce in their estates that God that given them : this likewise is a vain thing . For first , many times , wealth is gotten by deceit , and then God bloweth on it , Jer. 5.27 . As a cage is full of birds , so are their houses full of deceit , therefore they are become great and waxen rich : shall not I visit for these things , saith the Lord ? and shall net my soul be avenged on such people as this ? Again , wealch is kept with much sorrow , Eccles 5.12 . The sleep of the labouring man is sweet , whether he eate little or much ; but the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep . Thirdly , wealth is lost with a great deal of sorrow and vexation , Rev. 18.18 . when the smoak of Babylon ascended up to heaven ; Oh what lamencation there was ! they cryed out , What city is like unto this great city ? and they cost dust on their heads , and cryed , weeping and wailing , saying ; Alas , alas , that great city , wherein were made rich , all that had shipps in the sea , by reason of her costliness , for in one hour is she made desolate . But suppose further , that a man should get , and keep his wealth in the fear of God , yet these things are most uncertain , as the Apostle faith , 2 Tim. 1.16 . Charge them that are rich in this world , that they trust not in uncertain riches . Lastly , these riches cannot preserve our life : so faith Christ himself , Luke 12.25 . Take heed and beware of Covetousness , for no mans life is preserved by the abundance of that he possesseth . In the last place . If young men rejoyce in friends and Allies : this also is a vain thing . For , Psal . 62.9 . The man of low degree is vanity , and the man of high degree is a lie , to be laid in the ballance , they are lighter then vanity . Again , no friend can deliver us from Death , Psal . 49.7.8 . No man can by any means redeem his brother , nor give to God a ransome for him ( for the redemption of their soul is precious , and it ceaseth for ever ) that he should still live for ever , and not see corruption . Thus I have shewed several things that young men rejoyce in , and have shewed likewise that their joy is founded upon vanity , upon nothing . And this is the second means to heal young men of the inordinateness of their Joy , to meditate with themselves how vain and frivolous all things are that they delight in . The third means is , to betake themselves to seek spiritual joy . The well-head of this Joy is God : whom the Scripture calleth the God of cousolation . The instrument to convey this Joy , is Faith , Rom. 5.1 . Being jnstified by faith , we have peace with God. The grounds of this Joy are twofold . First , the good things exhibited . Secondly , the good things promised . The good things exhibited ; That God hath written our names in the book of life . Here is the fountaine of spiritual joy to a true Christian ; Rejoyce ( saith Christ ) not that the divels are fallen before you , but that your names are written in the book of life . Secondly , the other ground of spiritual joy , is the good things promised us . And those may be reduced to two heads . God hath made promises , either in regard of evil things , ( as we call them ) of afflictions that befall us . Or the weakness of the graces that are in us . Now in the evil of Affliction , we may rejoyce first ; In the promise of protection in affliction . 2. In the promise of Edification , by affliction . 3. In the promise of deliverence from affliction . All in the best season . Again , for the defects of grace in us ; ( which indeed is a thing exceeding grievous to a true Christian . ) Here we may rejoyce . First ; In the promise of preserving of grace . 2. In the promise of augmentation and growth in grace . 3. In the promise of bringing the weakest grace to perfection . Here you have the well-head of Joy. Oh that young men would know God , and Christ Jesus , and the word of God , and the promises , that they might leave this sinful and sottish joy whereto they are so adicted . This is the means to be rid of it , by getting into their souls , the sence and feeling of the true Joy of the children of God. Again in the second place ; Young men should be exhorted not to walk after their own heart : which is the next thing that Solomon noteth as a fault in them . The heart ( saith Jeremy ) is deceitful above measure , and desperately wicked . It is so deceitful , such a Cheator , that we are not able to comprehend it : it is desperately wicked . Who will follow a false guide ? and a disperate wicked guide ? so is the heart of man. Lastly , they should not walk after the sight of their eyes . David prayed ; Turn away mine eyes that I regard not vanity , and quicken me in thy Law. And again : Open mine eyes , that I may see the wondrous things of thy Law. There is much danger in following our eyes . Eve was misled by her eye , she looked upon the forbidden fruit , and saw it beautiful , and so lusted after it . And , when I saw ( saith Achan ) among the spoiles a goodly Babylonish garment , and a wedge of gold , then I coveted them , and took them . David was defiled by the eye : He saw Bathsheba from the roofe of his house washing her self , and then he lusted . Holy men have prayed to God that he would keep their eyes in a right frame and temper . These are the particulars that Solomon giveth to young men in direction , to take heed of carnal joy : to take heed of walking after their hearts , or after their sense . And these things ( brethren ) I have now committed in direction to you . The last use of this Doctrine is , for old men . For if young men may not rejoyce carnally , much less may old men . Youth may plead for it self , in want of wisdome , and gravity , sobriety , and experience , better then those of age . If young men may not have evil hearts , and evil eyes , much less old men . Look to it , you that hear me this day , that are stricken in age , ( as the Scripture speaks ) that are smitten in your limbs with age , that you cannot walk with activity and nimbleness : and are smitten in your senses with age , that you cannot well see , and hear , and taste . Oh that your hearts would smite you for your sins . May not young men rejoyce in pleasures , in friends , in honours , in wealth ? Much less may those of old age . Must young men be careful to chase away all carnal joy , and to get spiritual joy , that beginneth in godly sorrow ? much more must old men . It is no time for those that are old to rejoyce in carnal things : a few daies will make an end of them , and lay them in the Grace . Oh then , you that are of years , break off your sins by repentance , and your iniquities by mercy . Rejoyce in being good , and in doing good . This Joy will continue with you : as for the Joy of corn , and wine , and oyle , and silver , and gold ; this joy will die when you die . Yea , notwithstanding all the supports of this joy in this life , yet in another life you may be transported to hellish torments . Thus much for this first . In the second place ; Solomon sheweth the remedy against this carnal Joy in young men : which also may be a preservative against sin , both for young and old . But know thou ( saith he ) that for all these things God will bring thee to judgement . The Doctrine is thus much ; That the Lord God will certainly bring men to judgement for all the sins they have committed . This is an infallible truth . Know thou this , that for all these things God will bring thee to judgement . Malach. 3.18 . A book of remembrance is written before God , for those that fear the Lord , and thought upon his name . So the Lord hath a book of remembrance wherein he writeth down the sins of the sons of men ; and this shall be opened , and unciasped in the evil day , Eccles . 12.14 . God will bring every work into judgement , with every secret thing , whether it be good , or whether it be evil . 2 Cor. 5.10 . We must appear before the Judgement seat of Christ , that every one may receive the things done in his body , according to that be hath done , whether it be good or bad . 1 Thes . 4.16 . The Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout , with the voyce of the Arch-angel , and with the trump of God. Epistle of Jude , vers . 14 . And Enoch the seventh from Adam , prophesied of this , saying , the Lord cometh with ten thousands of his Saints , to execute Judgement upon all , and to convince all that are ungodly among them , of all their ungodly deeds , which they have ungodly committed , and of all their hard speeches which ungodly sinners have spoken against him . For opening of this point , I will briefly shew you these two things . First , what is the reason that God will bring all these things to Judgement . Secondly , what manner of Judgement it shall be . For the first . What is the reason that God will bring all these things to Judgement . The first reason is . His Decree , Heb. 9.27 . It is appointed to all men once to die , and after this the Judgment . Even as it must needs be that man must die , because God hath so appointed it : so also it must needs be that men must come to Judgement , in regard of the purpose and decree of God. Secondly , God will do this in regard of his righteousness . He is a holy God , a hater of iniquity . But many times in this world it is well with the wicked , and ill with the godly . Lazarus he is in woful misery , and Dives he is in abundance of prosperity : Now God will shew his love to the righteous , and his hatred to the wicked in this Judgement . If judgement here begin at the house of God ; It is impossible the family of Sathan should escape hereafter . Thirdly , God will by this means clear his wayes , as the Apostle speaks , Rom. 2.5 . There are many wayes of God that are dark and cloudy to us , but then God will manifest himself before men and Angels . Then those wayes and works of God against which the hearts of unsanctified men have boyled , shall appear to be as they are , holy , and good , and righteous , to their condemnation and terrour . Yet further ; The particular Judgement that God inflicts upon men in this life , may prove the universall . The burning of Sodom and Gommorah : the drowning of the old World : the plaguing of Egypt , and the desolation of Jerusalem . These shew the insinite hatred of God against sin : therefore no doubt he will take a time to revenge himself of the impenitent amongst the sons of men , because of their sins Lastly , the consciences of men may prove that there shall be a Judgement . For let a man commit secret sins , that none knoweth but God and he , yet many times , he feeleth hellish horrour : which is a manifest proose , that conscience seeth , and apprehendeth God as the supream Judge , that will call all men to an account for their sins . Thus you hear the reasons why there must be a Judgement . The manner of this Judgment consisteth in these particulars . First , it shall be the last Judgment , after which there shall be no other : which declareth the terribleness of it . In this life , while there is life , there is hope : Let the wicked forsake his wayes , and turn to the Lord , he will be gracious to him . But then the sentence shall not be reverst : then there can be no appeal from that Judg , and judgment . Again it shall be a General Judgment , which is the second thing . God judgeth in this world , and that both in life and in death : He judgeth in life , by chastising his children for their faults , and avenging himself upon his enemies . He judgeth every man at death . But then there shall be a General Judgment of all , 2. Cor. 10. We must all appear before the Judgment seat of Christ . In the third Place . It shall be a manifest Judgment . Sometime the Lord Judgeth men secretly , by raising up in them fears and horrours in their hearts : causing his curse in the●… as water in their bowels , and oyl in their bones . But then God shall open his wrath against the children of wrath , before a world of men , and no eye shall pitty them . Fourthly , it shall be a sudden Judgment . Even as the flood came upon the old World , when they were sporting themselves , and deriding Noah that preached to them of the flood : so shall the fire come upon the World , that shall pass before the face of Christ , when he shall judg the quick and the dead . As asnare ( saith Christ ( shall it come upon all that dwell upon the earth . When the Fowler layeth a snare to take a Bird , he giveth not warning to the Bird , but surprizeth it suddenly ; so will Christ Jesus , surprize the sons of men , suddenly beyond their expectation . The Evangelist faith , he shall come as a theef in the night . A theef knocks not , he giveth not warning : so Christ Jesus , beyond the thoughts of men , will be on them suddenly before they are aware , by his dreadful Judgement . Fifthly , it shall be a most righteous Judgment . Then God ( as the Apostle saith Rom. 2. ) will render to every man according to his deeds . He will not regard the face of any : He will not be bribed by wealth or reward : He will not heare the testimony of the world for the wicked , or against the godly , but deal impartially , and give to every one according to his doings . Lastly , It shall be an Eternal Judgment . So saith the Apostle , Heb. 6.2 . The meaning is not , that God shall sit for ever , sifting matters , and surveying causes : but it is so called from the effect : for the conclusion shall be this , the Eternal weale and happiness of the godly , and the eternal wo and misery of the wicked , that shall be plunged by the justice of God into the severest torments . The Use of this Doctrine . First , it serveth as a preservative against temptation : for so Solomon hath made it in the Text , a preservative and bridle to young men , God will bring thee to judgment , saith he : and let me make it so to you . When Sathan tempteth you to sin , remember , God will call you to Judgement , even for those faults , for which you may possibly escape the penalty of men , yet not withstanding is is impossible for you to avoid the righteous Judgment of God. If Sathan would have thee do any thing , that the word of God , and thy own conscience sheweth thee to be hateful , and wicked in the sight of God : say to him , No , no , God will bring me to Judgment . This is the pollicy of our Adversary , when he induceth us to evil , he makes sin sweet and pleasant to us : but it should be our wisdome to make sin bitter and loathsome , even in this meditation , God will bring us to Judgment for the same . The Apostle saith , Resist the divel , and he will fly from you . But how must we resist him ; not by arguments of our own making , but by arguments of the word of God : and amongst other weapons , remember to list up this : when Sathan would have thee sin , say , No , no , God will bring me to Judgment . When the Divel solicited Eve , and circumvented her : she spake ( in the Serpent ) to Sathan concerning the Judgment of God : We may eat ( saith she ) of all the trees of the Garden , but not of the tree in the middest of the Garden , least we die : here she brought an argnment from the judgment of God : but here was her weakness , she presently let it fall . It should be otherwise with us , when Sathan tempts us : let us say , we shall die , and be condemned for sin : say so , and continue in it . If any revolt from the truth he professeth , he shall die in his sin . If any man disquiet the people of God , by vexation , or oppression , he shall die in his sin . If any man be a drunkerd or Epicure , he shall die in his sin . If any man be a whoremonger or adulterer , he shall die in his sin : If any man be a swearer , God hath vowed , he will not hold him guiltless , he shall die in his sin . If any man be an ignorant person , disobeying godliness , and obeying unrighteousness , he shall die in his sin . If any man continue in gross wickedness , in any wickedness without repentance , he shall die in his sin , Oh remember this Judgement of God , this death that God will inslict on sinners for sin : For the wages of sin is death : and arm your selves with this when Satan tempteth you : if you forget Death and Judgement , you are naked , and unarmed , your spiritual Adversary , may hit you on the bare , and spoil you as he will. The second use , is for instruction . Will God bring us to Judgment for our sins . Oh then let us hast to repentance . Beloved , this is one of the last things that God will do : and this is the greatest thing that Ministers can say : God will judge you for your sins . The Apostle Saint Paul , he moveth the Atheniaus ( Acts 17.31 . ) to repentance upon this very ground , because God hath appointed a day , in which he will Judge the world in righteousness . And surely if this will not awaken us , nothing will , nothing can . What do we mean ( beloved ) to suffer our sins to stand upon the score ? Where is our wisedome ? Our grace ? Are we able to stand before God , when he is angry with us ? Why do we not take off our sins by godly sorrow ? If a Judge should say to a Malefactour , except thou mourn for thy offence thou shalt die , and be execnted . Doe we not think he would mourn to save his life ? Behold , God faith to you , except you mourn for your iniquities , you shall die in your sins . Oh why do not we make our eyes as fountains to bewayle our sins ? that man is possest with extream hardness that lamenteth not his iniquity , and he treasureth up unto himself , wrath against the day of wrath , and the declaration of the righteous judgement of God Well , if we will not mourn for our sins here to repentance , we shall mourn heareafter in hellish horrour , without hope of help or mercy . In the third place , this Doctrine that God will Jugde us , should make us preserve in our selves a good conscience . It is the very use that the Apostle makes , Acts 24.15 , 16. He had hope that there should be a resurrection of the dead , both of the just and unjust , therefore he did exercise himselfe to have alwayes a good conscience , voyd of offence toward God , and toward men . Blessed ( faith Christ ) are those that are pure in heart . There is nothing that will be so rewarded , and so regarded at the last day , as a good conscience . But for those that have stayned their consciences with all wickedness and sin , and have not washed their consciences with the bloud of Christ , and the tears of true repentance , these shall have their portion without , amongst those that are unclean . Lastly , this Doctrine should teach us to fear God , and to give glory to him . As Saint John speaks in the Revelation , the day of his Judgment is coming , therefore fear him , and give glory to him . If the particular judgments of God that light upon men in this life should make us reverence his holy Name , how much more should this last Judgment that is so terrible , and unavoidable ? ABRAHAMS PURCHASE : OR , A POSSESSION FOR BURIAL . SERMON XIX . GEN. 23.4 . I am a stranger , and sojourner among you : give me a posse●…ion of a burying place with you , that I may bury my dead out of my sight . THis is the Conclusion of all Flesh ; they were never so dear before , but they come to be as loathsome and intollerable now . When once the lines and picture of Death is drawn over the Fabrick of Man or Womans body , ( as it is said here of Sarah ) all their glory ceaseth , all their good respect vanisheth away , their best friends would be fainest rid of them : even Sarah that was so goodly and amiable in Abrahams sight , must now out of his sight , he must bury his dead out of his sight . Oh the strange misery that sin hath brought us to , when it devolveth , and throweth down all our glory at once : and the ruff of Man-kind in their chiefest pride , in their greatest jollity , all is tumbled in an instant , in a moment to baseness , and stink , and misery ! How should we be diligent to get the hope of a better life , seeing this is so little worth having ? And how should our thoughts alwaies flie up to God , since there is nothing but rottenness and putrifaction found here in the world ? But Abraham , as the Father of faithful men , and a pattern to all loving Husbands in all ages insuiug , doth not this till such time as the dead Sarah groweth noysome to all that look upon her . As long as he could by his mourning and lamentation prosecute her without offence to his eyes , and danger to his health , he did it , but now the time is come , when earth must be put to earth , and dust must return to dust . There is no place for the fairest beauty above ground , when once God hath taken life and breath from it : it must go to its own elements , and to the rock and pit from whence it was hewen , thither it must return . This holy man therefore being well resolved of this , and knowing the doom already uttered by God upon our first Parents , Dust thouart , and to dust thou shalt return ; he cannot keep his dead longer by him ; he knoweth the bed wherein now she must be laid , therefore he seeks for it to these Country-men that he lived withall , that were Heathens and Pagans , but very moral and civil men , as we may see in this whole Discourse . And he desireth them that he might have a place for his own use and turn : not intimating so much to them , as that there should be a separation in their very death from Pagans and Heathens , but he keepeth that to himself , and covereth it with smooth speech , and elegancy of language , as his manner was . For indeed it was not lawful for Abraham to bury his dead amongst the Canaanites , the sons of Heth , of whom he demanded this peculiar favour at this time : but God would have his children , as they differ in all their life from Heathens that knew no God , so they should differ in every point , even in their Graves after death , that there might be no commixtion , and mingling of light and darkness , and no fellowship between Christ and Belial . Therefore to continue this hope , and confirm it in all his Posterity , that were a peculiar and chosen people ; It was necessary he should chuse his Grave , his place of Sepulture , that they might be sequestred from them in their death , as they were in the course of their life . Now after he had performed that duty that every man oweth to his dead friend , especially to his Wife , the mate of his bosome ; he cometh to move this to the sons of Heth , that were Lords of the soil . He was abundant in tears before he comes to move it : for God which commandeth us not to lament for the Dead , as men without hope , doth notwithstanding not forbid us to mourn , and sorrow for them , and to lament : he giveth us leave ; nay , he rather alloweth and approveth of natural affection , when we weep with them that weep , and mourn with them that mourn , and rejoyce with them that rejoyce . Abraham knew well in what estate his Wife was , he knew she was in a happy condition , he knew she was the Mother of the Faithful , and was translated to the heavenly Paradise : and he was not angry with God for taking away his Wife , he disdained not the act of his providence ; notwithstanding he resolveth into tears and laments . And these may well stand together , if they be not ( as S. Jerome saith ) rebellious teares against God , and against hope , and against the faith of the Resurrection : they are qualified and allowed , and accepted with the Lord , as a testimony of that good affection , and brotherly love that he commandeth to be in every one . After he had performed this , perhaps mourned three or four dayes for his wife , he knew this mourning must have an end , he knew that he must commit her to the ground , and make away with her , that she might not be a means further to continue , and aggravate his sorrow to no purpose : for with that condition a man is allowed the use of affections , as that he respects the glory of God , and give way to weak nature , rather then to any indulgent affection that is too head-strong and unruly , as though there were no hope in the promise of the Almighty . Therefore ( I say ) when he had thus moderated himself , as first to shew by his sorrow that he was a loving husband , and then to shew in the ceasing of his sorrow that he was a wise man , and a faithful Christian , he cometh now to the chief and main point , whereby to make an end of his sorrow , and take away the cause of further grief , the sight of his dead . He cometh to desire a possession of burial : and because he was a stranger here , he cometh to those that were Lords , chief ones , and desireth them to intercede for him to the chief Lord , to bargain with him for a place that he had sought out , and as it seemeth ( by Gods direction too ) chosen . But I will go no further then the Text. Wherein first , consider a certain preamble that the holy man useth to the people that he now converst with , in these words ; I am a stranger , and a sojourner among you . Wherein the sweetness of his nature doth shew it self , that he was both humble-minded , to know and confess that he was a stranger , and also that he was full of reverence and respect to those that he dwelt with : I am a stranger among you ; You are the Lords , I a poor Tenant ; You the Masters of the soil , I but an In-mate , that came in and was first lodged by you , and with your consent ; and without your consent I will not attempt any thing . That is the permonition whereby he insinuateth into their affections , and makes way for his speech and petition , that after he was to propound and tender to them . And then the Petition followeth , Give me , because I will not take it of my own head : Give me , What ? A possession , such a thing as I may call my own , as I may have to my own use , sequestred from all other mens : And Give it me ; not upon gift meerly , but for my money , give it me for price : answer me what I shall pay , that I may acquire and make this purchase . Thirdly , for what he would have this possession : To bury his Wife , and himself , and his posterity ; A burying place for them . A strange thing ; a strange purchase for a man , to purchase no other ground , but to buy Land for a burying place . Lastly , whom he would bury there , my dead . He calleth her not his Wife , but his Dead ; because now the contract was ended by Death , and she was no more his Wife , but one of his loving friends . Burial care after Death , it is committed to men by God , and by the voyce of Nature , therefore give me a place to bury my dead out of my sight . It grieved him to see that beauty turned to pale black darkness , that now had over-faced the face of that beautiful woman : to see that sweet composed body that was the mirrour of the times ; and the miracle of woman in those ages , that it was now subject to rottenness and putrefaction , and did now grow noisome , that it made men flie from it , that they could not look upon it . That I may bury my dead out of my sight . These are the branches of my Text. First , concerning the humble preface that Abraham makes ; I am a stranger and a sojourner among you . A marvellous thing to consider the great faith of our Father Abraham , and patience that he used in the apprehension of Gods promise : for all this land was Abrahams land , yet he confest himself a stranger : and Saint Steven saith in Acts 7. that he had not one foot of ground ; not a foot in all the land that he could own . This is that wherein God is most glorious in his Saints , their expectation , their patient expectation of Gods promise : that they think themselves as well for the time to come , for that which shall come , as if they were in present possession . When the Lord brought Abraham out of his native Country , out of Ur of the Chaldees , from the furthest part of Syria , he brought him many hundred miles to an unknown Land , and he promised to give him that Land , and to his seed after him : who would have thought but he meant to give him personal possession ? But no , as soon as he was there , the Lord drives him out by famine into Egypt , and then he understood that Gods mind was not to give it him ; but when the sins of the Amorites were ripe , and the people of Israel were grown to a number , that they might come by some claime and right , and be such a multitude as should not be contemned , that they might not come by way of miracle to take possession , then God purposed to give it him . So that this thing we may learn hence , that God is infinitely gracious to his children , when they are content with the appearance of things to come , as well as if they had present possession . This is that which the Apostle Saint Paul frequently speaks of in Heb. 11. that the Fathers had regard to the promises , and trusted upon God , that that should be truly performed that was spoken to them , and therein they rested themselves , and were aswell contented with the good word of God for the future times , for their posterities , as if they had it performed in their own persons . I am a Stranger and a Sojourner . Here are two words ; the one , ( A sojourner , ) signifieth , he that passeth by , as those that come to see divers Countries and stay not , but are making homewards : the other , ( A stranger , ) signifieth , one that sitteth by in a place . Abraham was both of them ; for when God commanded him , he was ready at any time to dislodge and go his way : as long as he found the mercy of God to him ; that is , as long as there was peace , and plenty in the land , he rested there in that place in his Calling . God appointed him to sit there , and there he sate , but not as heir of the ground , as a Lord , but as one that did sit there by favour , as enjoying a piece of ground for his cattel to feed upon , ( for the Land was not full , but they might afford some room to strangers ) such was he , ready to flie when God called him . Therefore when God called him to Egypt , he presently changed the place , and went to that : and from thence , when God called him again , he came to Mamre , and there he dwelt with the Inhabitants of the Land , because he understood that that was the place that God had selected for him to make his possession . It teaches us to learn this voyce of our Father Abraham ; as children learn to speak by their Parents , and delight in their language ; so we should still delight our selves in this language of the Eather of the faithful , to be , and account our selves strangers and sojourners among you that be the world , among you that have your cares so fixed on the world , that you have no care of heaven : among you that will give nothing , but hoard up riches , and you know not to whom you shall leave them : among you that have no dwelling above in that City , whose builder and maker is God : among you that live only on earth , I am a stranger among you . And being so ( as every Christian must profess himself ) it therefore followeth , we must abstain from all fleshly lusts , and worldly desires , and carnal concupiscences , and appetites : for strangers use not to settle on their dregs in the Country they passe thorow , but as men in motion , they take that which is needful , knowing that they have a Country in another place , the blessed Jerusalem that is from above , who is the mother of us all . Secondly , we are to consider here the humble conclusion , that Abraham makes out of his pilgrimage , out of his strangeness : because he was a stranger ; therefore he will be no meddler ; as it is an old rule , strangers must be no meddlers , they must not take what they will , not buy what they will , strangers do not purchase land in a strange Country , without the good will of the Natives . Such was the nature of this holy man of God , he would not so much as make bold with them for a burying place without their consent . One would think it had been easie for him to have ventured upon this : whensoever a man dies , the common custome of nature , and the law of Nations yeeldeth this priviledge to put their dead into the ground , earth to earth : there is none so barbarous as to deny , by the light of nature , but that a dead man should be buried , strangers , or Forreiners , or native Inhabitants : therefore I say , a man would think that such a man as Abraham , might safely have ventured upon this to bury Sarah , and never told them , and asked their good will. But no , the blessed man was of another mettal , of a heavenly and sweet disposition , he would trouble no man , he would give no offence , but carry himself as an Angel of God among them , harmless to every one , he desireth every mans love , he was careful to avoid any mans displeasure : and therefore he cometh to them as to great men , and intreateth them , as if it had been for a Lordship , or a piece of a Province , or some great matter of estate : he cometh to beg a Grave , he desireth a burying place . This should teach us what ought to be our condition in this world , not to be audacious and bold , and presumptuous , as commonly we are one upon another . And even strangers themselves , so forget themselves now adayes , that they make no conscience of depraving , and undermining , and spoyling , and putting Natives out of their possession : they get to themselves such an impudency , as is strange , and none of the least reproaches , they neither approve themselves to God nor men by this bold intrusion . Let strangers be like themselves , to know that nothing is theirs that they can challenge , they must come to it by the good will , and consent of the parties , for strangers are not at home , but to be sent home to their own place ; they must presume of nothing out of their place . If men did consider this , they would not shoulder out , and in jure , and backbite one another , and all for base worldly pelse , little better then a burying place , then a Rod of ground to make them a Grave : but men are so set on it , as though all their hope were here , as though they had no treasure in another place , as though this were their home , and they had no further motion to better things . This is the Preface . Now the Petition followes . Give me I pray you . Give me , not Gratis , the meaning is not ( as after the story sheweth ) he would not take it for nothing , but give me for price , for reasonable bargain , as you shall deem it fit to give me . Se here again the excellent moderation of this great man , this great servant of God : he confest it lay in their power to assigne and contract with him for any thing : it must be their gift , or else he would venture upon nothing : I have lived among you , and I would fain die among you too ; as you have given me leave to live with you , I beseech you cast not away my dead : my Wife is gone the way of all flesh , and I shal follow her shortly , cast us not away : there is no further corporal living for us to gether ; I beseech you give me a burying place , and then we shall be one corporation , our bodies will moulder to nothing , and not hurt you ; therefore give me , that which is a common gift , a gift that enemies will give to enemies , and therefore a gift to strangers , and it is natural to do good to strangers . I beseech you give me . What is this he would have ? For though this people were very liberal , and would have given him a hundred times more then this he requested , as we see afterward by their answer : it would have been a great matter that Abraham should have been denyed : yet this holy man asketh such a gift , as they might well grant without harm . Hereupon the holy man is to be commended ; as for the great beggars of the world , they cry , Give , give ; all the whole Country is not sufficient to satisfie their desire , but still when they have had this , and that preferment , they cry still , Give . This blessed man was of more moderation , he had a more circumcised heart , and desire : he desireth no more then they might well forbear , and part with , and suffer him to have without hindrance . And so it teacheth men their duty , that they should not too much grate upon a friend , not too impudently demand things that cannot well be parted with : many men are of such good natures , that they will give away at the first sight of a Petition , that that shall be a great loss , and dammage to them , and after wish that they had not given it , when they cannot recover it again . There was no such spirit in Abraham , nor should be in Gods children , they should not be insatiable , and extend themselves to unreasonable demands : a thing that argueth one altogether glued to this world , and one that hath no further expectation than of things below . Give me : What ? A possession of burial . First , A Possession . He would have it so conveyed , as no man might make claim of it , but that it should be for him , and his for ever . Therefore it was , as it were , a Church-yard that he begged , such a one as was capable , and had sufficient scope and roome for his whole Posterity in the time to come , in times of trouble and persecution : for in this place were the Fathers and those Partiarchs ( though we read not of their Burial in this place in the book of God many of them , yet notwithstanding it is likely that all the Patriarchs had their bodies ) conveyed to this place , and that the great ones in Egypt , that so demeaned themselves , that they had favour from the Court , were brought to this place . For these and himself , and his present Family about him , whom it might please God to strike with Death he knew not how soon , the holy Father desired a place separare , that there might be no mingling of the select people of God with those that were without God in the present world , as the Apostle saith . Now for this , there is no distinction in our time , for Christ being made the Corner stone , hath made both walls one , the Jewes and Gentiles being built upon himself , all this difference is taken away : But at that time it was fit to maintain a distinction , to keep a note of difference . As God set a mark upon the flesh of Abraham , and upon the houses of the Israelites in Egypt , so they kept this in all points , even in their very Graves , that a difference might be maintained between the seed of the Woman , and the seed of the Serpent to the uttermost . Give me a possession , a burying place . Here is the end why he would have this Pessession . A strange kind of Possession : a thing that every one is born to , no man will deny this : we say the land in the Church-yard is every mans , every man is born to that land . Behold such a land , such an inheritance this Father cometh to begg . He hath not a foot of ground in all the whole land , no place to dwell in , but by their leeves ; no place to feed on but with there consent ; he is content thus to possesse , to have it upon their hand ; to have his house upon their liking , and his field and grass upon their affection , and content to be gone , and depart upon their bidding : but when it cometh that his dead must be buryed , there is no dislodging then , no removing then , that is a Possession , he makes not other things his Possession , but useth them in a transitory manner . So that the holy Ghost would teach us this , that a mans Grave is his strong hold , his Possession . And indeed there is no Possession so durable and certain as the Grave : all the lands , and all the means that a man hath in this world , it may in the course of time , either by the misguidence of the party , or the succession of prodigals , be made away , that he that hath had full possessions , may not have a foot of land to call his own : so Possession are alterable , sometime one mans , sometimes anothers , and again anothers , no man knoweth whose , because they are still removing . But when a man is possest of his Grave , that is a long Possession , that Lease is time out of mind , and it holdeth to the coming of Christ to Jndgement . Though there be a sort of covetous men in the world , that care not for lucre and gain , to remove dead bodies , to make men pay dear ; and yet presently when the memory of that payment is gone ( in this base respect ) to remove them from their natural rest , and to put new bodies in their room . Though this ( I say ) be practised by some , yet notwithstanding the Lord hath ordered this that a man should have his Grave for ever ; and that all Christian men should know that they have no such true inherent Possession , sticking to them , and they to it , as the Grave . Thus the great God bringeth us to life by death , making us possesse the Grave here for a time , and after possesseth us with life and glory , and joy in the highest heavens . Behold Abraham : see how he beginneth to possesse the world , by no land , pasture , or earable Lordship : the first thing is a Grave . So every Christian must make his resolution . The first houshold-stuff that ever Seleucus bought in Babylon , was a Sepulchre stone , a stone to lay upon him when he was dead ; that he kept in his garden . So we should begin to make that our chief utensill : it should teach every Christian much more to be mortified so to the world , as to be settled upon nothing for a Possession , so as the ground where his flesh shall rest in hope , till the Lord receive him , and give him his Spirit again . A strong kind of entrance this holy man made into the holy Land , that the first thing he takes possession of , should be a place of burial for the dead . Even so wondrously God useth to work : the promised seed , it came of the dead womb of Sarah : and accordingly it is in this great and famous History , that out of these dead ones , the Lord takes such a firme possesson of this Land , that when four hundred years were come about , there was such a quick issue , that it drove all the Inhabitants out of the Land : for out of Sarah that was now dead , and Abraham , and the Partiarchs that were interred in his Cave , out of their dead loynes the Lord raised a living issue of six hundred thousand foot-men , besides women and children that came under the conduct of Joshua , and discomfited the Captains of the Land and took possession . The gracious God out of dead and poor things in the world raiseth strength and Majesty : that those that they trampled upon , and accounted as dead men , the Lord made out of them such a living stock , that all the poor of Canaun was not able to hold up , and make head against them , ( they were such a powerful Army ) but hid themselves in Caves , and became as dead men , to give place to these dead men . Here is the wonderful great glory of the Almighty , out of meer nothing , to work all things , and as he made all things that are seen out of nothing ( for by faith we learn that things that are seen , were made of things that are not seen ) so he still continueth to lay his foundation in baseness and humility , in a ridiculous manner to flesh and bloud , yet out of that he bringeth large and infinitie majesty and glory , such as no man can aspire in his thoughts to think sufficiently of . Give me a burying place to bury my dead . Behold , he calleth her Sarah , his dead , he calleth her not Wife , though it is said after in the Text , that Abraham buried Sarah his wife ; yet that is in respect of the time of her life , when they lived together , and in respect of the former society , and converse they had : but now he speaks to the point , she is no more his Wise , but his dead . It is translated by all in the Neuter Gender , not my dead she , but my dead , simply in the Neuter gender , as a thing which now had not so much relation . So it is true , when men and women are severed by Death , they are no more man and wife , but one anothers dead . For as the Apostle saith , Do you not know that as long as a man liveth , his wife is subject to him , and she must not couverse with another ? So likewise for men again : but when God dissolveth the contract by Death , then as she is free for another man , so she is no more his Wife ; so long as she was alive upon the ground she was his Wife , but now when she is to go into the ground , he calleth her his dead , but not his Wife . The substance and sum is this ; That Matrimony is Gods blessing for present use of mankind , for the propagating of the Species , to continue the seed of man to the worlds end , that there may be still a generation to praise God their Creator ; and so being a temporal thing ordained for the office of this life , it ceasoth when Death cometh : there is nothing but Death , and that which Christ speaks of in the Gospel , can make a separation : when death cometh all relations cease , and a wife is no wife , and a husband is no husband . Behold out of this , the infinite love of God in Christ that hath made all things , all unions , and contracts , hath made all to be void but his own : for our Lord Jesus in life and death is our Husband , our Lord , our Master , our Father , as well in the one as in the other : whereas by the intercourse of death all things are dissolved , two of the best friends that are may part upon discontent , and body and soul must part at Death , and Husband and wife ( the Symbol of Christ and his Church ) must part one from another : yet when all societies and contracts part , Christ doth not part from us , but he is in the Grave , as well as in the highest heavens , our Husband , and Lord , and Spouse , and we are his Church still , we keep the same relation , and as strong bonds in death , as in life . My Dead . Yet not withstanding though she was not Abrahams Wife , yet she was Abrahams dead . This must teach a man after he is freed by Death to the combination and contract , yet that there is a care remaining from the Dead , a love to that , though not as to a Wife : the respects of Man and Wife are carnal and fleshly , Death cometh and cutteth down the flesh , therefore cutteth off that respect too : but because she was dead , and there was such bonds hetween them formerly , therefore a man is bound to lament and sorrow for his dead , as Abraham did here , to love the memory of the dead , to speak well of the dead when occasion serveth , to commend them for their vertues , to use the friends of the dead ( as far as is in their power ) with all courtisie , to be good to the children of the Dead , those that the mother hath left , and not to cast them into the hands of a furious woman , a new Wife , that neither careth for dead nor living : but to have a special regard to the bonds and familiarity , and that spiritual acquaintance that God made in this life : and so to be good to all that come of that issue for their sakes . Let me bury my dead . Lastly it followeth , why he would bury his dead . Out of my sight . A strange thing , Out of my sight . Was his grief so aggravated , as he could not still behold her face ? or was it necessary that the carkasse it self must be conveyed away ? must it needs be that the body being now no way amiable , but noisome , must be conveyed out of a mans sight ? The best friend in the world cannot endure the sight of a dead body , it is a gastly sight , especially when it cometh to that dissolution , that the parts begin to have an evil savour and smell , as all have when they are dead : then to keep themselves in life and health , it is necessary to avoid them , to bury their dead out of their sight . And what so sweet a sight once to blessed Abraham , as Sarah ? What so sweet a spectacle to the world as Sarah ? The great Kings of the world , set her as a Parragon , and she came no where but her beauty enamoured them : she was a sweet prospect in all eyes , every man gazed on her with great content , to see the beauty of God , as in so many lines marked out in the face of Sarah . Yet now she is odious , every eye that looked upon her before , now winks and cannot endure to look upon her , she must be taken out of sight . Oh bethink your selves of this , you that take pride in this frail flesh , that prank up your selves , to make you graceful in every eye : you that study to please the beholders , you that are the great Minions of the world : you that when age beginneth to purle your faces , begin to redeem your selves with paintings : think of this . Mother Sarah the beautifullest woman in the world , is loathsome to her husband , her sweetest friend : therefore I heseech you in the fear of God , leave these fooleries , and vain fancies : remember what danger Sarahs beauty cast her into ; though it were a great gift of God , yet she had better have been without it , then to have that hazard of soul and body , that she was brought to by Abrahams travels and necessity : and know it that your best beauty is to please the eye of God , to look beautiful in his sight : for the sight of God is never weary ; the sight of men will be weary of you , the best friends you have will loath to see you dead , you will then be grisly in the eyes of men , but the eye of God it is all one even in the dust , and nothing can make you so ill-favoured , but God will like you : therefore labour to please Gods eye that never ceaseth : nothing will make him after his affection , whereas the eyes of men , this life is so full of foul alterations , as the least sickness bringeth an abomination unto them . I see the time prevents me . I will speak a little to the present occasion . We have here a depositum , a gage , a pawn of a dear Sister of ours , a woman known to you all to be of a holy Christian conversation : a neighbour full of peace and quiet , and of good works according to her calling . She was also in the spiritual part a woman of a very good inclination , loving the Word of God , curious and attentive in the hearing of it ; She was much delighted in it , and desired to communicate the knowledg she had in the Scriptures to others , and to speak of it as often as occasion permitted . By this study it pleased the Lord to work a constant and lively faith in her , to put all her trust and considence in him . She was now taken upon the sudden , therefore the Lord hath left her as a pattern for us to look upon , to take heed to our selves , that we may make our peace with God , and look for death every moment , because we know not how soon we may be arrested . She was indeed a woman of great trust and faith in God : and one whose mouth was full of his praise , still admiring and recounting the wondrous grace of God to her in all the course of her life , in sparing her , in giving her comfort in her conscience , concerning the pardon and forgiveness of her sins , and providing for her worldly helps , which she thought never to attain to : and in many other particulars , She did open the grace of God according to her best understanding , still giving the praise to his holy Name : and no doubt , if the stroke upon her had not been so fatal , and as deadly as now it was , we should have had the like fruit more abundantly at this time . Howbeit she was not as one altogether destitnte , but she called for , and craved the prayers of Gods people , that they would lift up their hearts and hands , and voyces to the Lord to look upon her , and release her of her misery and trouble , either by life or death , for she was content either way . She had some touches also of Divine Scripture as occasion offered themselves . As when the light was brought in , she desired to have the light of Gods countenance to shine upon her . And when her eye-strings were broke , that the tears did distill down , she desired the Lord God to put her tears into his bottle , and many such Luminations there were that came from her . Her surcharged spirits were so taken and strucken , as a man might perceive at the first , there was no way but one ; her self drawing her self within , as though that in the outward man there were no room for the soul to dwell there , or to have a fit and opportune habitation . I must needs advertise you of one thing , that this cnstome of praising and commending of the dead is very full of danger , because a man may be a lyer , and a flatter before he be aware , when he never intended it . But truly ( for ought that I could discerne ) this Sister of ours was one that was very well deserving , of a quiet and moderate spirit , intentive and careful to govern her house and children , and no way exorbitant , for any thing that I can hear . It is true that all are not of one Model , as the bodies of men and women are not of one height and colour , so the souls and spirits are not all of one elevation neither : but we esteem the children of God according to that they have received , and not according to that that they have not received , as the Apostle speaks . I say therefore , according to the grace she had received ; I verily beleeve she was faithful and true to it , that she received not the grace of God in vain ; she sought by all means to nourish and cherish it from one degree to another , and to proceed from grace to grace . And therefore I conclude in the judgement of Charity , that we have very strong hopes , and great probabilities of her happy translation . She was a Daughter of Sarah , as Saint Peter speaks of Women , that he would have them demean themselves , as Daughters of Sarah : and such a one she was in her habit and attire , in the manner of her life , and society , and company : and therefore I doubt not but she inheriteth with Sarah the place of blessed mansions , that the Lord hath made infinite specious , and wide , and capable for all blessed souls that put their trust in him . Now , this let us make use of to our own souls . In that she had not that largeness of time she supposed to have had , but was surprised so soon and vehemently , as she could not dispose of her self in that manner , as we know by experience she would have done : it should be a lesson to us to be ready for God , to be acquainted with God. We have had two Corses one after another , one a man , another a woman , both taken suddenly in respect of the time , though they had thought to have made an overture of themselves to the world , and thought to have made all things fair and easie , by the confession and expression of their faith to the world , but they were not suffered to do it . So , all presume to have time to make the world know that they be humble and penitent , and to make their confession ; but many put it off till it be too late . Let us not be put off with vain presumptions , the Lord giveth , and the Lrod takes , we know not how soon . We were born we know not when , we shall die we know not when . The Lord prepare us all for it . GODS ESTEEM OF THE DEATH OF HIS SAINTS . PREACHED At the Funeral of Mr. John Moulson , of Hargrave , at Bunbury in Cheshire ; By S. T. SERMON XX. PSAL. 116.15 . Precious in the sight of the Lord , is the death of his Saints . THe Psalm was composed by David , to be an acknowledgment of that favour and grace of God , which himself had experience of at some time or other ; but when or what the particular occasion of it was , we are uncertain . Some refer it to that escape which he made when Saul and his Troops had compassed him about , upon the discovery of the Ziphites , 1 Sam. 23.26 , 27 , 28. Others because Jerusalem is mentioned in the Psalm , and Jerusalem at that time of Saul was not built , as they conclude well against the time of the penning of it ; so they find also another occasion , his escape from Absolom , and that great plot , 2 Sam. 15.14 . Others include also his spiritual Conflicts , his combattings with Gods wrath , and his dispairs because of his sins , together with some sicknesses and strong diseases , accompanied with griefs , and anxieties of mind ; In all which he found God benevolous , and merciful unto him , in the sense of which he rejoyces , and ( as it was in his duty ) gives thanks and praises unto God. He saith in the fourteenth vers . he would make publique business of it , and would pay his vowes , corum populo , in the presence of all the people ; and good reason he had , for God hath oft releeved him , and taken much care to preserve his life , as he is ever tender of the safety of all his people , for Pretiosa in oculis Jehovae , &c. Pretious in the sight of the Lord , is the death of his Saints . The words are a Simple , universall , affirmative proposition ; wherein , 1. The subject or thing spoken of ; is , The death of Gods Saints . 2. That which is spoken of it , is , That it is precious in the sight of the Lord. Which proposition may be resolved into these three observations . 1. That there be some that are Gods Saints . 2. That Gods Saints do also Die. 3. That the Death of Gods Saints is precious in Gods sight . 1. There be some that are Gods Saints . Sanctorum ejus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so the vulgar latine reads it . Misericordium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so Pagnin after S. Hierome . Bonificorum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so Piscator Piorum : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so Mollerus . The Kings translators have rendred it in our last English , His Saints , though they have given themselves a liberty in other places to render the Hebrew that is here by our English ( Holy , ) as Ps . 16.10 . hhasideka , Thy Holy one : and the Hebrew word that properly signifies holy , by our English ( Saints ) as Psal . 16.3 . Kedoshim , To the Saints . The Saint in the Text is in Hebrew hhasid , and hhasid , is beneficus , and but in a secundary sence Sanctus : Yet whereas it is rendred by the Septuagint once 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , venerandus , venerable , which our English translates , The good man , Mic. 7.2 . and once 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , reverend , or as our English hath it , Righteous , Prov. 2.8 . Yet in all others places it is translated by the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sanctus , Saint , or Holy : and it seems according to the very notion of the word in use among the Jewes themselves , among whom the posterity of Jonadah , because of their holiness of life , and strictness in religion , were called hhasidim , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Asidaeans , 1 Mach. 7.13 . as much as , Holy-ones , Good-men , or Saints . But not to insist farther upon the translation ; The name of Saints , is given sometimes by the Fathers to holy men departed , and reigning with God , but so the word is very rarely used in the Scripture : but more ordinarily it is given to the faithful in this life , and so the notion in Scripture is most frequent . So 1 Cor. 1.2 . To the Church of God at Corinth , called to be Saints , or Saints by calling : So also , Eph. 6.18 . Rom. 12.13 , &c. There is a double sanctity ; 1. Of outward profession . 2. Of inward regeneration , and so the word is here more specially understood ; They are Gods Saints , whom he separates to himself , or calls unto holiness of life ; The Saints on the earth , such as excell in vertue , Psal . 16.3 . And there is reason for it , that there be some Saints in this life , because that which makes Saints is attainable here ; not Popish Canonization , but Gods Election , Gods Spirit , Gods grace , the Merit and holiness of Christ ; as it is , 1 Cor. 1.2 . Those of the Church of Corinth were Called to be Saints , with all that in every place call on the name of Jesus Christ ; Who was both , 1. A pattern of holiness , that his people might be so by his example , and 2. A foundation of holiness , that his fulness might be conveyed to his members . Vse 1. If there be Saints in this life , it is against the Church of Rome , which shuts up all the Saints into heaven , and suffers none to be Saints , but such whom the Pope canonizeth . Bellarmine delivers it , 1. That Canonization , which is a publike testification of the assured holiness , and glory of some , by which publike worships are decreed them , is pious and lawful . 2. That this power of Canonization is only in the Pope . 3. That the Popes judgement on Canonization is infallible . But Beside that , this third proposition is gain-said by men of his own side ; The practise it self also of Canonization was unknown till Leo the thirds time , anno 800. or till fourscore yeares after that , till the time of Adrian ; and it was ever anciently held , that no man can judge infallibly of anothers condition , or may admit any into the number of Saints . The ancient Church had their commemorations of holy men , and women departed , but without worship . So may we honourably speak of such as are with God , and we do so ; Luther cals Thomas Aquinas ; Saint , and Melancthon sticks not at it to , call Authony , Bennard , Dominick , and Francis so too . We seldome name those glorious Doctours otherwise , then Saint Basil , Saint Greg. Naz. Saint Ambrose , Saint Augustine . And so we use to commemorate the holy Apostles , the blessed Martyrs , and the Fathers . And think we have as much liberty as the Church of Rome ; to call godly men of our late acquintance Saints , as I remember a learned and reverend Bishop of ours to have called Master Greenham . But withall as the Scriptures do , so we may also call the living beleevers , and they are so before they come to heaven . Vse 2. If there be some , let us all aspire unto that honour , to-be such as excel in vertue , to be put in Albo Sanctorum , and to have our names in the Calender or roll . Let us follow the foot-steps of Christ , and holy men , learn of me , faith Christ , Mat. 11.29 . for , I have given you an example that ye should do as I have done unto you , Joh. 13.15 . And let us follow them that have followed Christ , to take out the patterns that have been set us by Apostolicall and holy men . In the ancienter times of more pure and servent zeale , people were ready to run to any lights that did burn and shine among them , to take example from them , how to regulate their lives ; Hence came many religious professions , ( though since much degenerate and corrupted , ) who were won to the immitation of those practises of self-denyall , contempt of the world , mortifying of voluptuous affections , &c. which they saw in them . We might make a profitable use of the lives of holy men , and Martyrs of old or of late , to copy out their sanctity . And let it be an incouragement to the study of piety and religion , to consider what honour it brings along with it , it Saints us , so that we need not be at that extream expence and charge , which we read some have been at in the Court of Rome to procure Canonization . Vse 3. If their be some such here , and they be men holy and religious , then take we heed that we speak not ill of such , that we abuse them not , that we open not our mouths against heaven , against them that are Incolae coeli , Inhabitants of heaven , either by an actuall possession of glory , or here by an heavenly conversation . Devout and religious men , whose thoughts and hearts are above , do not count this their Country , they do but sojourn with us ; abuse not strangers then , especially these strangers for their country sake . We use to say , De Sanctis nil ni si bonum ; we should not speak any thing to the prejudice of the Saints . The Romanists are presently upon us , that we forget this rule ; Sanctos Dei non esse peculiari honore colendos , docent omnes hodierni haeretici . So Lorichius accuses us ( for we know whom he means . ) The truth is we dare not give them divine worship , nor make them Gods , as the Papists ( when they have wearied themselves in fitting their distinctions of latreia and douleia to little purpose ) do it roundly enough , and the people in their practise ; But we give them their due , and as much as themselves would be willing to receive , as we gathered from the behaviour of the Angel that was sent to John , Apoc. 19.10 . But in the mean time , while they make a thriving trade of the flattering of the Dead , they neglect and abuse the living Saints , not only writing a Dele in their Indices expurgatory upon the testimony of Pius or Prudens given by some more ingenuous men of theirs , to some of our Divines in particular ; but also traducing the whole estate of our reformed Churches for schismaticall , and heretical . Vse 4. If there be some Saints of God here , let us choose to be of their acquaintance , and keep their company , because they do best of all know the way to heaven ; and it is good to go safely that journey , by direction of the best and most skilful guides , lest we miss it in those places where the way turns , or where the path is not so well beaten as the other Road. 2. Gods Saints do also die . The Death of his Saints 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 holiness frees not from death . Abel , Noah , Abraham , Moses , David , the Prophets , the Apostles , the Fathers , are all dead . Your Fathers , where are they ? and the Prophets , do they live for ever ? Zach. 1.5 . God cuts off both the righteous and the wicked , Ezek. 21.4 . The righteous perisheth , and the ( hhasidim ) the merciful men , or the men of godliness are taken away , Isa . 57.1 . Yea , and often-times as Menander , was able to observe it , Whom God loves best he takes soonest . An observation much like that , in 1 King. 14.12 , 13. That son of Jeroboam , who only of that family had some good thing in him , was taken away young . But whether sooner or later , their holiness frees not from death : rich gilding upon an earthen pot , keeps it not from breaking . They are made of the same mettal , of the same clay with other men . The Apostles that brought the treasures of grace to the world , were themselves , Testacea vasa ; so Saint Hierome : Vasa fictilia , so Saint Gregorie , but only earthen vessels , 2 Cor. 4.7 . clay in the hand of the potter ; Isa . 64.8 . And therefore all things in this respect come alike to all , Eccl. 9.2 . Vse 1. If such die , then Death is not alwayes evil ; for sure it is not evil to them to whom all things work for good , Rom. 8.28 . The sting of it is gone . And though it have not a pleasant look to entertain us with , it is but as a rude Groom that opens the gate by which we must pass to a better place , and to better company . The godly have many advantages by death , 1. Rest from their labours . 2. A Crown when they have finisht the race , 2 Tim. 4.7 , 8.3 . Freedom from danger of sinning any more , Rom. 6.7.4 . Death frees from a possibility of further dying , 2 Cor. 5.1 . Let me die , saith Seneca , and what hurt comes by that ? I can be bound no more , I can be sick no more , I can die no more . 5. They go presently to God. While we are at home in the body , we are absent from the Lord : We are willing rather to be absent from the body , and to be present with the Lord , 2 Cor. 5.6 , 8. I desire to be dissolved ; to be with Christ , Phil. 1.23.2 Tim. 4.6 . We wrong death , when we call it horrid , it is sin which makes it to be so , else it is but conceit . There is often more pain in a tooth-ake , then in dying . Tears , and black cloth , and the tremblings of the guilty do disguise Death , and make it look terrible . He that said , it was of all terrible things , the most terrible , was himself an Heathen , and knew not what Christ had done to alter the property . Once indeed it was uncouth and hideous , but since Christ dyed , it hath a more fair and pleasant face . There can be no danger in that way , which all the Saints have gone . As Phocion said to one , that by the same sentence of the Judges was to die with him ; Art thou not glad to fare as Phocion doth ? So are we not glad to fare as the holy Patriarks , Prophets , and Apostles have done , and to go after them ? He that went this way the first of any man-kind , was holy , a Saint , it was Abel whom God accepted . We use to call those passages and Streights , which have been first found and discovered by any , by the names of the first Discoverers , as the Streights of Magellanus , and that a little lower , Schouten Streight , or Fretum le maire ; So if it may afford us any comfort for the passage , let us call Death no longer Death , but Abels streights . Let us learn , if not to love , yet to contemne Death , that so we may have the more easie conquest over all other hard things . It was a bravery in Damindas an heathen ( which Christians should be ashamed to come short of . ) When Philip had broke into Peloponesus , and some Lacedemonians said ; They were likely to sustain much evil , unless they could reconcile themselves to Philip ; Damindas said , O Semi-viri quid nob is poterit acerbè accidere , qui mortem contemnimus ? Ah poor spirited men , what can be sharp or hard unto us , who have learned to despise death it self ? Vse 2. Because Saints , or holy men , do also die , let us make the best use of them while they are with us ; To benefit and profit our selves by our religious friends , acquaintance , neighbours and kindred . When God raises up some man eminent for wisdome , and a godly life , he is set up as a light for the town or neighbour-hood to walk by ; Yet oft-times such as dwell neer , are careless , and neglect their benefit , when strangers farther off draw neer unto the light , and gain by it ; as we use to let our own books lie by , and rather make use of such as we borrow , to take notes out of them , because we know not how soon they may be called for by the owners , and presume that the other will still be in our keeping . We should improve our good acquaintance , and walk by the light while we enjoy it , because many times the Sun sets , and it is night in a neighbour-hood or a family , when a good friend , a good Parent , or a good Master dyeth . Remember Joash , and Jehojada . 3. The Death of Gods Saints is precious in Gods sight . When David was opprest with griefe , it seems he had such thoughts as these , Surely man is ( res nihili , ) a vain and worthless thing , too low , and too unworthy , that God should take any notice of him , or be careful of him ; But at last he overcame such thoughts , when he had found the experience of Gods tenderness towards himself in particular , and towards all his people , and now resolves , That God neglects not his , as if he were not affected with their miseries , but their souls , lives , and safeties , are dear and tender unto him , as a treasure which he will not carelesly lose , or suffer men or divels to take away by force or treachery . Their Death is pretious [ Jakar , ] the word of the Text is , in pretio fuit , magni estimatum est . God sets them at an high and dear rate . The Septuagint renders it by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and the Noun by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pretiosus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 probatus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 multi pretii : God honours and accounts well , and hath high thoughts of the sufferings of his . See how the word is translated in other Texts . 1. Honourable , Isa . 43.4 . [ Jakarta ] Thou wert pretious in my sight , thou hast been honourable . 2. Much set by . 2 Sam. 18.30 . His name was much set by . 3. Dear , Jer. 31.20 . An filius ( Jakkir ) presiosus mihi Ephraim . Is Ephraim my Dear son ? 4. Splendid , clear or glorious , Job 31.26 . Si vidi lunam ( Jaker ) pretiosam & abeuntem . The Moon walking in brightness . Put all these expressions together , and then we have the strength of Davids word , The death of the Saints is pretious ; that is , 1. Honourable . 2. Much set by . 3. Dear . 4. Splendid and glorious , in the sight of the Lord. God is so tender of his people , that 1 He will not have them take wrong , he orders their death , he takes care for them , he visits and comforts , and assists them in their dying , he helps them with strength , with memory , in their understanding , their senses , &c. 2. He takes much delight in their sweet , holy , calm deaths , and resignations of their souls . 3. He takes care of their very bodies too , to lay them up sweetly to rest , in Repositories , or Dormitories , as the Ancients were wont to call Church-yards , and Graves . 4. Lastly , he entertains their souls immediately , when they are breathed forth , and places them , In Sinu Abrahoe , in Abrahams bosome , wheresoever that is , to possess present joy and quietness , And no wonder that he doth all this , because he hath bought them , and redeemed them unto himself , with so great a price as his Suns bloud , and hath graced them with so many gifts and priviledges , and hath made over unto them as Co-heirs with Christ , so great and large benefits . We may make this Use of it , to serve for the establishment of us in our belief of him , and our waiting on his providence . If their Death be so pretious , their sufferings also in any kind are dear unto him . That word in the Text , which is Death , and which by the Seventy is ordinarily turned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , yet is taken in the Scripture sometimes for sickness , or any affliction , Exo. 10.17 . For infection , 2 King. 4.40 . For wounds , Prov. 26.18 . and sometimes in the Septuagint for the soul . The very sicknesses , and afflictions , and dangers , and wounds , and griefs of his holy ones are dear unto God. But especially their souls , their lives , their good and safety . God writes a Ne perdas , Touch not , Destroy not , as a notable caveat , for the safety , as of Kings most particularly , so also of all that fear him , and that trust in his mercy . I have hastned over these points , that I might come to the testimony that I am to give to our deceased Brother , Master John Moulson , which I may not omit , nor to be particular in it , having never such a subject of discourse before such an exemplary man. I would not be bought to flatter a prophane and wicked great one , but here Gods glory in this his Servant , and the edification of you that are present , require of me that I speak fully ; for , he was Vir nec silendus , nec dicendus sine cura . He copied out in his life the old way of Christianity , and writ so fair after those Primitives , that few now can imitate his hand . And truly as in a garden in which there are variety of flowers , we know not where to pick , so in those many commendable parts of his , I know not which to choose to present unto you , or in what method . But you may take notice , I. Of his moral parts ; where I commend four things , 1. His Calmness and moderation of affection . No passion was observed to be a tyrant in him ; they had an oequipoise . 2. His sober taciturnity , an imitable wisdome in this age of talk and pratling . 3. His affable carriage , and easiness of access , by which like another Poplicola , he gained reputation , and the love of the neighbour-hood where ever he dwelt . Some are so hairy and rough like Esau , that they may be discerned by their handling ; and some so churlish as Nabal , that a man cannot speak unto them ; Which sourness and clowdiness of spirit , I wish were not a blemish to many that give their names unto religion . He honoured it by his sweetness and affalibility . 4. His grave deportment and carriage . As nothing is more contemptible then a light youthly wanton old man , so the gray head , and wrinkled cheeks accompanied with sage gravity commands respect from the beholders , as that old grave Bishop Paphnutius , though he had lost an eye , did from the Emperour Constantine . Gravity dwelt in the face of this man , and his very presence was such , as would discountenance the rude and prophane . But all these are but mean commendations in respect of the next . II. His practice of holiness ; Where I will observe and commend unto you , 1. His unoffensive youth , of which they that can remember him since that time , are confident to say of him , as the Emperour said of Piso ; Hujus vita composita à pueritia ; His life was composed , and settled , even from his very child-hood ; and then began to sort himself with the gravest company , chiesly with that learned and godly Master , Christopher Harvy , sometime incombent in this Church , to whom he was dear . He was observed to be so sober , and modest in his youth , that he was desired to accompany , and attend an honourable Nobleman to Oxford , where he was very watchful , and careful of him , and prayed twice a-day with him in his chamber . So ready was he to bear the Lords yoak from his youth . 2. His unmarried estate , which was chast and modest . He lived above fifty years unmarried , and in that state expressed two vertues , his wisdome not to be rash , and his care to keep his vessel clean . 3. His married estate , & course of hous-keeping . 1. When it pleased God to dispose his heart to marriage , he married in the Lord. 2. When God gave him Children , he nurtured them , and his Family in Gods fear . 1. He prayed four times a-day . 2. He read three chapters in the old Testament , and three in the New every day . 3. After dinner he called not for game for digestion , but read a Chapter before he rose from table . 4. He catechised his children and servants constantly , according to some plain form . 5. He usually rose early on the Lords day , which time he gave to meditation and prayer , and what he could remember of the Sermon , he usally repeated to his people . 4. His exemplary vertues in his whole course of life . 1. His meekness , and peaceableness of disposition ; A grace which in the sight of God is much set by , and a notable testimony of inward holiness , according as it runs , Jam. 3.17 . pure , then peaceable . He was not apt to quarrel in matters that concerned him not , never being observed to bear a part in any faction ; a favourable interpreter of things not evident , readier to reconcile , then to make differences , and choosing rather to part with his right then with peace , as appeared in a suit known unto many here . 2. Though he were meek in his own cause , yet he was zealous in Gods. He could not endure any thing repugnant to holy Scripture ; nor would he neglect , either seasonably to admonish , or reprove the faulty that were within the compass of his admonition , or to whet on , and exhort others to love and good works . 3. Yet his Zeal did not miscarry , being allayed and tempered with wisdome , as the heart is by the brain , and as the conceit is of the Primum mobile , with the Chrystalline heaven neer it . His wisdome appeared , first , in his disscreetness , in his undertakings , and all affairs , an argument of which some take to be this ; That he was never troubled , not so much as questioned in any Court concerning any fact . Second , in his observing a fit season , when , and a fit decorum in speaking . Third in his choyce of company , and specially of such acquaintance as he would be neer with and intimate , which were only such as might be able to afford him spiritual assistance in a time of need . 4. His freeness from worldlyness , and contentedness with his estate , not as those in Horace , Quocunque modo rem ; but he would not improve his estate by the raising it ( as haply he might have done , and as others do ) upon his tenants . He counted himself rich , because he needed not all that he had , but could have lived with less ; for , he that can make a little to be his measure , all else that he hath is his treasure , which was the observation of a good Poet , but a better and a more mortified Divine . 5. His humility , and even among the very temptations to pride . It is an hard thing to be humble in an humble and low estate , but much more difficult in the affluence of outward things . You know his kindred and his relations , yet as he manifested this grace in his whole carriage , so in particular in not being puffed with his brothers and sisters greatness , or the advancement of his children . 6. His diligence in the use of the means of grace ; 1. He had a right conceit of Sermons , most relishing , such as were most wholesome and useful for edification . 2. He took pains to hear . He was often known in his younger time , to go ten miles on foot , in those times of greater scarcity . 3. His behaviour in the Church in the time of prayer , and in hearing , was very observable , for his reverend attendance and devotion . 7. His answerable practise , fitted and proportionable to his exterior profession . 1. He was much in private prayer . If you would have a tryal of sincerity , follow a man home , and to his closet , and see what he doth within doors ; for there may be many respects that may set a man on work coram populo . Secret prayer if it be constant , cannot lodg long with hypocrisie in the same heart . 2. He was often , as they say , in secret fasting by himself alone ; a Duty not ouly lamentably neglected in these lazie times of easie Christianity , but ill spoken of too , as a character of a Pharisie , by such as are loath to be at the pains of subduing their bodies , and yet are desirous to come off with the credit and reputation of religion . 3. He was temperate in his dyer , and in his habit sober and grave , as counting wisdome and grace , a better , and trimmer dress then Lace , or the fashion ; and so he was in his recreations , though constantly chearful , yet a man of little mirth or delight in any thing but spiritual . 4. He was full of charity , which appeared in these particulars . 1. Alwayes upon the Lords day he had six poor at dinner , to every one of which he gave a piece of beef away with them besides , and at night he sent what was left to other poor ; Besides what he gave at his door , and what he gave privately to the poor houshold of faith . 2. His hospitality according to his rank , was such as Peter Martyr reported of Martin Bucer , whose table was ever open to any good people , especially to Ministers , whom he much respected . 3. He sate up many nights for the comfort of the sick ; not thinking that work of mercy sufficiently performed by an How do you , or a cold visit . 4. He had a Sympathy with the condition of Christs Church abroad . 5. In the last place , let us view him in his last act , his sickness and death , which as the Text hath told us , is pretious in the sight of the Lord. 1. He prepared himself to die , not only being willing , but desirous also to be set at liberty , being often at S. Pauls , Cupio dissolvi , which they that were with him , say , was much in his mouth . 2. He was very thankful for Gods assisting him with memory and understanding to the very last , for the continuance of which he prayed , and desired others that were about him to pray . 3. He employed both his memory and speech , for the comfort and counsel of such as visited him . 4. He made a confession of his faith , but chiefly in the matter of Justification by faith ( which an eminent Roman Prelate called a good supper doctrine ) and in the comfort of that point , he resigned his soul to Christ , and slept sweetly in the Lord. Thus as his life was holy , his death was pretious . He made no great noyse in the world , nor raised greater expectations of himself then he could well mannage , like many exhalations that rise out of dunghils , as if they meant to reach the skie , but presently fall down again , and wet us : But as a taper he gave light till he went out , and now he is gone we will leave upon his Grave , Memoria ejus in Benedictionibus , and apply to him the words of the Text ; Pretiosa in oculis Jehovoe , pretious in the sight of the Lord , is the death of his Saints . THE DESIRE OF THE SAINTS AFTER IMMORTAL GLORY . SERMON XXI . 2 COR. 5.2 . For in this we do groan carnestly , desiring to be cloathed upon , with our house which is from heaven . WHen I read these words , I am in a great doubt , whether I should rather admire the excellency of the temper of these Saints , or deplore the vileness of ours ; so celestial the one , so terrestrial the other ; so noble the one , so ignoble the other ; so magnanimous the one , so abject the other . These Saints they did duly consider , that our life it is but a Pilgrimage : that this whole world is but a Diversory , or Inn to refresh us for a while ; that it is a warfare , all things within us , without us , our enemies ; that this body is but a Tabernacle , a Tent , a Cottage , an carthen vessel , a Gourd , the scabbard , the prison of the soul ; more brittle than glass , decaying , mouldering of it self , though it be preserved from eternal injuries of air or weather : they saw the vanity , the vacuity , the emptiness of the things of this life ; their affections were alienated , estranged , and divorced from the world ; they had by watchings , fastings , grovelings on the ground , tears and groans scoured off the drosse of their souls , and made them polished statues of piety ; they had made up their accounts between God and themselves , and had sued out their pardon for their defects and failings , and had that seated in their consciences ; they did penetrate the clouds with the eye of faith , and did see the immense good things laid up for them in heaven , with which being ravished , and impatient of cunctation and delay , they desire to be vested in the possession of them , though it were with the deposition of their honse of clay , which they did bear about them . Of these things they had not a bareconjecture , but a certain knowledge ; For we know , vers . 1. that if our earthly house of this tabernacle be dissolved , we have a building not made with hands , eternal in the beavens : from this full perswasion did arise this heavenly affection , in this we green earnestly . But alas , how different is our disposition from this heavenly temper ! how pale , how wan is our countenance at the mention of Death ! at the least summons of our last accounts ! as vinegar to our teeth , as smoak to our eyes , as a sudden damp to our lights , as an horrid crack of thunder in the middest of our jollities , so is the mention of Death . If any ask the reason of this , it is too manifest ; Want of judgement , what is the true good of the sons of men ; Want of apprehension of the happiness of the Saints ; Want of faith in God , of Union with Christ ; our souls never make any holy peregrination from the body , and seat themselves with Angels and Archangels , and trace the streets of New Jerusalem ; we anticipate not the joyes of the life to come by devout meditations and contemplations : we have not our conversation in heaven , from whence we look for our Redeemer : Our soul thirsteth not , our flesh longeth not after the living God. The reason of this is , we hang upon the teats of the world like babes and children , we suck venome out of it to our souls ; we walk upon our bellies as unclean beasts , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , we jutt against God , and offend him ; our accounts are not streight and even , therefore we are afraid at the appearance of our Saviour , and of our citation to appear before his Tribunal ; we groan when we hear of death , we groan not that we may die , this is our condition ; and are not these different one unto another ? Doth not this stain the verdure of our countenances , and cover us with shame and confusion , to observe so manifest a declination of the fervor of the Spirit ? That you desire this heavenly temper , I doubt not , I should offer violence to Charity , the Queen of Graces , if I should think otherwise ? For this cause many of you are strict in the perforamnce of holy duties , agreeable , and convenient to this sacred time : That your devotions may attain a happy end , let me lend you a helping hand , whilst I discourse these words which even now founded in your eares . In this we groan earnestly , &c. Which I will resolve into three Propositions . 1. That we are strangers in this life without our house . 2. That the Saints desire their true and proper house . 3. The intention of their desire , In this we grown , &c. That we are strangers , do not the sacred Oracles declare ? our conversation , our polity is in beaven , faith the Doctor of the Gentiles , Our life it is hid up with Christ , Col. 2. We are fellow Citizens with the Saints , of the houshold of God. Ephes . 2. Doth not the chief of the Apostles intreat us as Pilgrims and strangers , to abstaine from fleshly lusts , which fight against the soul ? and do not these and the like demonstrate unto us , that a Christian lives with men , yet above men ; in earth , yet in heaven ; bound , yet free ; detained with us , yet far above us ; living a doubble life ; one manifest ; the other Hid with Christ ; one contemptible , the other glorious ; one natural , the other spiritual ; that his Parentage is from heaven ; that his Treasure is in heaven ; that his heart is in heaven , that his root is fastened in the everlasting mountains , though his branches are here below , that his dwelling is in heaven ; though his peregrination be here on earth , and did not these Oracles tell us thus much , yet are there not enforcing arguments to convince us of this Truth . Are not they strangers that are out of their proper place ? and are not Christians while they are here out of their place ? Is this world made for Man , an Ark of travel , a School of vanity , a Laborinth of errour , a Grove full of thorns , a Meadow full of Scorpions ; a flourishing garden without fruit , a fountain of misery , a river of tears , a feigned fable , a detestable frenzy : and is this the place of man ? What means the fabrick of our body lifted up to heaven , our hands , eyes , head upward , but to shew us , as Chalcidius the heathen man observed , that our Progenitors are from heaven , that our place is in heaven . Every place is adequate to the thing placed in it ; is this world adequate to man ? are not his desires infinitely extended beyond the same ? Every place hath a conserving vertue in it : Doth this world Preserve man ? well may it minister a little food to this beast of ours , which we carry about us , but can it afford the least savory morsell to the soul ? it were to be wished that it did not poyson , contaminate , and desile the soul : so that the safest way for the soul , is to flie from the world , as from the face of a Serpent : Is this world the place of man , why doth our tender Mother the Church , assoon as we come into the world , snatch us out of the world ; and as assoon as we breath in the ayre , bury us by Baptism in the grave of Christ , and assoon as we move in this world , consigne us with the sign of the Cross , to fight against the the world , and all the pomps of the same , and are not we strangers ? Are not they strangers , that have different lawes , and divers customs , and another Prince to rule and command them ? You have heard of the Prince of the ayre , and the Lawes of the flesh ; of the fashions of the world , of the wisdome that is from below , and earth-creeping : Are Christians guided by these rules ? have they not the God of heaven and earth , the Lawes of the Spirit , and the wisdome that is from above , and customes that are from heaven , whereby to regulate them ? Who are the men of this world ? are they not those who have the God of this world to reign in their hearts ? who are led captive by him ? whose understandings are darkned , their wills obfirmated , their hearts hardned , their consciences seared , their conversation defiled with all uncleannesses , their senses open breaches for sin to enter ; their tongues blaspheming the name of God ? and are these conversations fit for the Saints ? and are they not strangers ? Are not they strangers that are not capable of honours , of possessions in the place wherein they live , as being not free Denizens of the place ? and is not this proper to Christians , whose duty it is to vilisie riches , and honours , and pleasures in themselves , as much as they that have these , do others that have them not ? to account riches the greatest poverty , and pleasures the greatest torments , and honours the greatest ignominy , and power the greatest weakness ; not to possesse the world ; not to enjoy it , not to account any thing good that maketh not the owner better , not to admit any thing from the world , but so far as it may advance the true Nobility of man , the purity of the Image of God , his restitution to his ancient descent , his re-estating him in the possession of heaven , and the society of Angels and Archangels , to rise up in Armes against this materiall world , and to rend himself from this faecaelent matter ; and out of the greatness of his Spirit , and nobleness of his disposition , to be altogether ambitious of the presence of God , and of these constant and unchangeable good things ? This is the duty of Christians , and are not they Strangers ? Are not they strangers that have double Impost , and double customes , and the greatest taxations laid upon them ? is not this peculiar unto the Saints in this life ? have they not afflictions laid upon them in the greatest measure ? must they not through many afflictions enter into the kingdome of heaven ? Have they not tears , and that in abundance , for their meat , and for their drink ? Have they not enemies from within , and enemies from without ? Must they not be conformable to their head Christ , their elder brother : as he had his double portion in this life , of afflictions and punishments ; so must they have ; as he was sanctified by afflictions , so must they also . The gold is not pure , unless it be tryed ; nor the water sweet , if it have not a currant ; nor the vessel bright , unless it be scoured ; nor the Saints fit for heaven , unless they be prepared by afflictions : what man was there that ever set himself seriously , either to reform himself or others , that found not great opposition from himself , and from others ? and are not these strangers ? Are not they strangers that are ad placitum Principis to stay in the Land , or to be gone , according as he shall manifest his royall pleasure by his Proclamation ? and are not we here in the world upon these termes ? how soon all of us , or any of us shall be dismissed , who knows ? who dares promise to himself the late evening , or secure himself of the least atome or moment of time ? he that dreamed waking of long continuance , had scarce liberty to dream sleeping , for that night they took away his soul ; and he himself was branded to succeeding generations with the name of a fool , and are not we strangers ? Did not the Saints of God , whose judgements were most refined , those that had the honour to approach most near unto God himself , alwayes so repute themselves ? Doth not the holy Patriarch that wrestled with God , and hath principality over him ? Did not he acknowledge that few and evil were the dayes of his pilgrimage ? Did not he that was a man after Gods own heart , that had a special promise that his house should continue for ever ? Yet did not he acknowledg that he was a stranger as well as his fathers were ? is it not his earnest prayer unto God ? I am a stranger upon earth , hide not thy Commandements from me : as if he had said , I am a Traveller upon earth , I am speeding to Jerusalem , which is above ; I am to passe through this dark calignous world ; thy Word is a light to my feet , ( a lanthorn to my steps ; the rule , the square , the cannon of all rectitude ; hide not this light from me , lest I run out of the way , or linger in the way , or stumble , or fall in the way ; I am a stranger upon earth , &c. What should I instance in particulars ? are they not summed up to my hand by the Apostle ? Heb. 11.13 . All these Patriarks , Prophets , Saints , all of them did acknowledg themselves to be strangers . Examples have in them an universality of Doctrine and instruction , especially the examples of the Saints , because Praxis Sanctorum , is Interpres pracceptorum , the practice of the Saints , is the best interpretation of the precept . Examples have in them a directive force , because those that are best disposed in mind and body , are a rule for the rest . Examples have an incentive force , to give life , spirits , vigour , transmitting by a kind of Metem Psychosis , the soul , the spirits , the resolutions , the affections of the pattern , to him that reads it , extorting deep sighs , and tears , and groans , and other alterations at their pleasure . And if any Examples have this force , have not these much more ? Other examples have the testimony of men , these have the testimony of God himself , he is not ashamed ; ( a wonderful condiscention of the one , and the supream elevation of the other ) to be called their God , the God of Abraham , and of Isaac , and of Jacob ; the Father of the faithful , and the God of the beleevers : There are examples whereof men boast , but God is ashamed of them , corrupt examples of wicked ; the imperfect examples of heathen men , of these God is ashamed ; but of these God is not shamed , and shall we be ashamed of them ? We are then strangers . Let me instill into your ears , the voyce of that was heard in the Temple , before the ruin of it , Migremus hinc , Let us go from hence . Let me say unto you with our Saviour , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Let us go from hence , let us truss up our fardels , and on with our sandals , and promote our way to heaven ; Let us depose and lay down all burthens and impediments , and make our selves expedite , and fit for our journey ; we are in an Inne , let us look about us , and leave nothing behind , but carry all with us , or send it before us ; we have but an instant of our abode here , let us imploy it to the best advantage : It is the greatest loss , it is the most shameful loss , it is the most irrecoverable loss that may be , to lose this instant upon which eternity depends , eternity of misery , or eternity of felicity : let us follow our Saviour , let us seek his face , let us ascend with him , let us not rest here . Sleep may overtake us , a false Prophet may deceive us , the snare may intangle us , the Armie of the enemy may fall upon us , let us be above all these ; Let us seek those things that are above , What ? where Sun and Moon are , nothing less ; Where then ? where God is ? where Christ ? who is our house , our temple , our habitation , that we may be cloathed with him ; this is the desire of all the Saints , and this leads me to the second point . That the Saints desire a true and proper house ; In this we groan earnestly , &c. What is meant by this house , whether the Joyes of heaven , or a Glorisied body is hard to determine by the context ; I incline to Calvins opinion , that both are meant , as making up that compleat house which the Saints desire , the one as the introition , the other as the consummation of their bliss ; and into both these houses , I shall labour to introduce your spirits and affections . The first house is the Joyes of heaven , a kingdome else-where ; for the amplitude , for the abundant sufficiency , for the honour , royalty of them ; yet because many in kingdomes see not the face of the King , and of those that see his face , few are of his house and family ; and of those that are of his Court , few are familiar with him , or converse with him ; and of those that converse with him , few are his sons , his heirs . Therefore this kingdome is an house wherein all see the face of God ; all are of his house , all converse with him , all stand in his presence , all are his sons , all are his heirs ; a house so scituated , as never any ; upon the brow of that hill , which is the beauty of perfection , the delight , not of the whole earth , but of heaven it self , in the purest ayre that ever was , even purity it self , free from all malignant vapour ; a place irriguous with the chrystal streams of Paradise it self , a place inriched with all the precious things the heart of man can desire ; an house not built by man , but by God himself ; not of terrestrial feculent matter , not of gold or silver , but that which excells all valuation whatsoever ; the hanging or or naments of which house , are not of Arras , or Tissue , or cloth of Gold , or whatsoever is more precious with men , but far above these , such and so excellent , that Neither eye hath seen , nor ear hath heard ; neither hath the like entered into the hearts of men . The delights of this house are such , that if all the contentments and delights that ever ravished the hearts of men in their private houses were put together , yet were they but as a candle to the Sun , as a drop to the Ocean : Oh the stateliness and magnificence of the Hall of this house , wherein are Prophets , Apostles , Martyrs , Confessors , Saints , Angels , the blessed Virgin especially , all of them praising and lauding God! Blessed are they that dwell in this house , they will be still praising thee . Here in this life are variety of imployments according to the diversity of mens Callings , and their necessities ; but there shall be no necessity , there shall be but one work , the work of Praise , a duty which in this life is performed with fatigation and weariness ; but their it shall be done with all sweetness and delight , increasing with the continuance of the same . No vain thoughts , to interrupt this duty , no weariness of the flesh to weaken this duty , no necessity or indigency to rend us from this duty ; but as it will be our happiness to love , and see God , so it will be the exercise of our happiness to admire , and to laud God : while we are here , such is the weakness of our apprehension , that we cannot with the same act conceive the work , and the workman ; we cannot think of the benefit , and the author of the same , then we shall be enabled to joyn both these together , so to admire the work , as at the same time to praise the author ; so to contemplate the benefit , as at the same time to fall down before the benefactor . Oh the stateliness of this presence , where the face of God , the beauty of God , the Majesty of God is seen in so glorious a manner , that even Angels , and Archangels cover their faces , not being able to behold stedfastly the great lustre of the same ! Oh the loveliness of the chambers of the King , made for the soul to repose her self in all spiritual delight , after her labour and travel in this miserable world ! oh the beauty of the Mansions of this house prepared by Christ himself for the soul , to refresh her self with all spiritual food ! and oh the variety and excellency of the food of this house , the understanding shall have his food , morning and evening knowledg ; a clear view of all things , not in themselves , or in their causes , but in their exact Idea's , subsisting in the essence of God , but especially the radiant vision of the face of God , the Essence of God , the Sun of righteousness . The will shall have her food , goodness , joy , delectation , not by measure , but drowned in the full ocean of these , with that stability and confirmation that she cannot will that which is evil ; The affectiens shall have their food , being fully satisfied beyond their desires . The Body shall have his food , being made an impassible , clarified , Agil , spiritual body , defecated , and purified from this feculent elementary food , and all other alterations common to it with beasts : and which is most wonderful , the King of Kings shall gird himself to reach out these Joyes unto us ; they shall be administred unto us Ve jad Hammelek , by the hand , by the power of a King ; Did I say this of my self , who would give credence unto me ? but Truth faith it , Luke 12.37 . Blessed are those servants whom he shall find watching ; verily I say unto you , that he shall gird himself , and make them sit down to meat , and will come forth and serve them . Oh wonderful dignation ! who ever heatd of the like ? Stat Cato dum Lixa bibit , the Lord stands , the servant sits ; the Lord is girt , the servant is loosed ; the Master is reaching out full bowels , and the servant is inebriated with the rivers of these pleasures ; once he girt himself to wash his Disciples feet , and the servant was astonished to see so great a Majestie condescending to so mean ministery ; shall we not be much more ravished with this ineffable dignation , when he shall again gird himself to supply the soul with unspeakeable delight , as if God himself intended nothing in heaven , but to heap content upon them that sit down with Abraham , Isaac , and Jacob , in the kingdom of heaven ; This is the fatness , the excellency of this house ; with the weak adumbration whereof , I doubt not but that your hearts are so taken , that ye have reduced all your desires to this one , with the Psalmist ; One thing have I desired of the Lord , which I will desire , even that I may dwell in his house , and behold the beauty of the Lord. And I wonder not when I contemplate the Mafesty of God , I wish my self all fear ; and when I consider the power of God , I wish my self all humility ; and when I meditate on the goodness of God , I wish my self all Love ; and when I contemplate the Beauty of God and of this bouse , I wish my self all desire , and so do you also : and therefore with unanimous votes you request me to conduct you to the gates of this house , whereby you may enter into the same , and according to the magnificence of this House , so there are many gates whereby we may enter ; and all of these reaching even to the Earth with the foot of Jacobs ladder . There is the gate of Faith , by it we have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , access unto God , and that with boldness ; by this we lay hold on the Throne of Grace ; by this we prostrate our selves at his feet ; by this we adhaere , and cleave close unto God ; by this we live in Christ , and Christ in us ; by this our hearts are purified , our conscience washed with the bloud of Christ , and fitted to see God , and to enter into the holy of holies , unto which no unclean thing can be admitted . This is one Gate . Another is the gate of Hope , which entreth within the Vail , and bringeth us neerer unto God ; this grace taketh us by the hand , and leadeth us through the streets of New Jerusalem , and sheweth us the Temple of the Lamb , and the Lamb sitting in his Temple , assuring us that we shall live there with him ; this is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , heaven before heaven , the life of the Soul , the keeper of Christ , the keeper of God : This is a second Gate . There is another gate , the gate of Charity ; by this we enter not , but press in unto God , and are not led , but transported unto God , and carried in a fiery Chariot . By this grace we approach not neer unto God , but forgeting the greatness of his Majesty , we lay hold on him , we hang upon him , we imbrace him , we familiarly converse with him ; we freely consult with him , we inseparably cleave unto him more close then any Polypus doth unto the Rock . Another gate , is the gate of humility , a low gate , but a sure and certain gate , the exaltation of the soul , the honour , the dignity of the soul , that which subjects the soul immediately to God , and so seateth it above all the creatures ; that gate whereby the soul steals into heaven , though the gate be never so streight , by crouching , bowing , bending , pinching of it self . At these gates , if you knock earnestly by devout prayer , and frequent Almes , you may enter into this glorious and magnificent house , with which the Saints desire to be cloathed upon : and this is the first house which they desire . There is another house which the Saints desire , and that is the house of their bodies glorified : while they are here in this life , they have a cottage rather than a house , a cottage seated in a low watery myrish place , exposing the soul to Agues , Feavers , and variety of diseases , so that she is sometimes down ; at the best but crasie and valetudinary : scarse any vicissitude and change , either of age , or place , or calling ; but the soul is dangerously affected with it , and in great hazard ; a dangerous Cottage , ready to fall upon the soul , and crash it in pieces ; a cottage full of holes and rifts , in every storm , and tempest of adversity it rains through this cottage into the soul , and makes the soul unhealthy ; in the Sun-shine of prosperity , the beams of the Sun beat upon the soul , and make it faint and weak , many times a ruinous cottage , so that the inhabitant is forced to spend almost all his time in repairing it , in keeping it up , in supplying the necessities of it ; distracted , rent , and torn with cares and sollicitudes for it , so that little time is left for better duties , for duties proper to the inner man , and when the soul setteth her self to these duties , then this Cottage is an impediment unto her , taking off her mind from it by some sudden gust of a vain thought , or hindring her by some indisposition , or compelling her by some urgent necessity , to break off before shee is willing . These and the like incumbrances do much afflict the Saints , therefore they desire to be cloathed upon , with a pure house , a pleasant house , a lightsome house , a healthful house , a durable house , a glorious house , that might be a help and incouragement to the soul in holy and religious duties . In this we groan earnestly , &c. You that are owners of the wonder , are not ignorant what a wonder man is , a composure of different natures , Celestial , terrestrial , Angellical , beastial , corporal , spiritual ; greater then the world , less then the world ; the richest Pearle , and the basest foyl ; the Image of GOD , and a peece of clay : you are not ignorant how these two are affected one to the other in the Regenerate man , if the body be sound and well , it kicketh against the spirit ; if it be ill , it afflicts the Spirit , How do I love my body , as my fellow servant , and eschew it as a mine enemie ? how do I hate it as my clogg , and reverence it as my fellow-heir ? I buffet it as a slave , and imbrace it as a friend ; I chastise it and keep it under , and then I want a companion to assist me in the works of piety ; I cherish it , and nourish it , and then am I stung with the lusts of it ; it is a flattering enemy , a treacherous friend . Oh my conjunction ; and oh my alienation ! that which I fear I imbrace , and that which I love I fear : before I make war with it , I am reconciled ; and before I am reconciled , I am at variance : what a strange mystery is this ! therefore the Saints mortifie and crucifie their bodies , they gird them close with the cords of strong resolutions , they macerate them with watchings and fastings , and make them thin , and pale , and wan , that so they may be serviceable to the Spirit ; they labour that their hands may be translucent with fasting , as the hands of Elphogus were , that their countenances may be living documents of humility , that their bodies may be as transparent glasses , wherein the thoughts of their hearts may be seen , that their soules may have no more residence in the heart , but may as evidently be seen in every part of the body as there . This they aym at , and when they have done all this , yet they complain of the dulness , deadness , heaviness , lumpishness of the body , and are at enmity with it , and cry out , Oh miserable man that I am , who shall deliver me from this body of death ? not that they are simply enemies to the body , but to this earthly corruptible body , this sinful body that depresseth the mind musing of many things , and desire the deposition , and laying down of the same , that so they may receive a glorified , a clarified , an incorruptible spiritual body , not made of a spirit , but serviceable to the spirit ; they desire that these eyes may be so defecated , that if they cannot behold the essence of God , yet they may stedfastly behold the Empirian heavens , the splendour of our Saviour , and the lustre of the bodies of the Saints , more bright then the Sun seven times ; they desire that these hands may be blessed with the contractation of that sacred body that redeemed them , they desire that this body may be so transparent and lucid , that the soul may sally bout freely , not at the eye alone , but at every part to contemplate those glorious objects , that it may be so prelucit , that the very thoughts of the heart , and the divine fancies that are in the imaginative part may be seen through it , that it may be so stript of corporal density and grosseness , that like lightning it may be here and there , that it may be fit for raptures , and extrasies , and the Soul no more doubtful whether she be in the body , or not in the body ; This the Saints desire and long after . And let me speak this of you oh triumphant Souls that are now in bliss without the least impeachment of your happiness . This even you thirst after , you esteem it an imperfect estate to be without your bodies , though you glorifie and praise GOD in your souls , yet you count it an imperfect work , and say with the Psalmist ; In death no man remembreth thee , and in the grave no man shall give thee thanks , though your spirits do it without ceasing , without failing , yet the whole man doth it not ; and such an insatiable avidity , there is in you of the praise of God , that unless it be done totally and fully , you think it not done at all , therefore you desire this glorified Organ ; but the Saints on earth being much more depressed with this heavy clay , cry out with these Saints ; In this we groan earnestly , &c. To be cloathed upon with our house , &c. An impropriety of speech I confess , for men do not cloath themselves with houses , yet of eminent elegancy and pregnant , with variety of instructions : to shew the fitness of this glory to every soul , as apparel is fitted to every body : to shew the comliness of this glory ; as apparel is an ornament to a man : to shew the firm adhesion of this glory , the whole man as a garment doth cleave close unto him : to shew the redundancy of this glory , that a man shall invelopp himself in this glory , as a man doth inwrap himself in his garment : to shew the Author of this glory , he that made garments to cover mans nakedness in Paradise below , he maketh robes of honour to adorn him everlastingly in Paradice , which is above : to shew the undeservedness of it on our part , that these garments they are not webbs of our own spinning , but robes of Gods giving : to shew the all-sufficiency of this glory , in this life we need houses to dwell in , and rayment to cover us , and food to nourish us , and fire to warm us ; but this glory it shall be a Magazine of all spiritual store , an house to shelter us , a garment to cover us , Manna to feed us , water to refresh us , it shall be all in all unto us . These and many more instructions are folded up in the Cabinet of this Metaphor , which streights of time will not give me leave to unfold , and spread before you , but must leave them to your private meditations ; and so passing ( though unwillingly ) from these two houses which the Saints desire ; I must raise up your attention to their ardent affection unto them . In this we groan earnestly , &c. Wherein you see the intention of their affection , and the expression of it ; The intention not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Desiring , but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Desiring earnestly ; The expression of it by groans ; In this we groan earnestly . The one the soul , the other the body ; the one the form , the other the exercise ; the one the root , the other the branch ; or if you will , the one the fire , the other the fuel ; the one the flame , the other the oyl that nourisheth the flame . The first is the intention of the affection . As those that are in a longing passion die if they be not satisfied : as the pregnant Mother groans to be delivered of her burthen ; as those that are pressed under a heavy weight , faint if they be not eased ; even so the Saints pressed down with that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that eternal weight of glory , mentioned in the precedent Chapter , a burthen which did both press them down , and raise them up ; that did both straiten them and enlarge them ; like the feathers of the Dove , which add to her Mass , but take off from her gravity , which makes her more corpulent , and yet more light ; even so this weight of glory so pressed down the Saints , that it raised them up to the Throne of the Lamb , and feeling this body of sin , this body of death , which they did bear about them as plummets of lead hanging at their feet ; they desire est-soon to be stripped of all incumbrances and impediments , to depose and lay down this cottage of clay , that so being absent from the body , they might be present with the Lord ; this was the violence of their affection . In this we groan earnestly , &c. An affection , worthy the name of an affection , truly grounded , and therefore towring so high , that it is almost invisible to our weak sight . There are some in this life that are fed with gall and wormwood , with tears and groans ; upon whom the wheel of oppression is roled , breaking all their bones , so that they seek for death , as for pearls and hidden treasures , as an end and period of their miseries . Others there are who seeing the vanity of the things of this life , and ballancing with them the trancendent excellency of the Soul of man above the world , had rather be idle , or not be at all , then to be so basely and meanly imploved , and rewarded , as the world doth remunerate her favourites . Others make bitter invectives against the body , as the only impediment to the soul in her more pure speculations , placing the happiness of the soul , in the separation from the body ; all these come far short of this divine affection , which hath not her rise from the miseries of this life , or from the vanity of the creature , or from the incombrances of this cottage , but from a true apprehension of the love of God , from a deep panting after union with him , from a taste of the powers of the life to come , from a Soul inflamed with a coal from Gods Alter . Look upon these Saints in my Text , they were indeed exercised beyond measure , with those things which we call miseries , calamities , afflictons ; at the mention whereof we quake like Aspen leaves ; but were these tainted with impatiency ? were these groans fuliginous vapours from a malecontented spirit ? Did they not account these afflictions their Justs and Barriers , and Turnaments , and exercises of honour and Chivalry , at which Angels , and Archangels were present with their Euges and approbations , God himself the chief Spectator , and rewarder of these exercises , they themselves triumphing and boasting in their tryals , with the impress of the Apostle on their shields of faith ; We are perswaded , that neither death nor life , nor Augels , nor Principalities , nor powers , nor things present ; nor things to come , nor height , nor depth , nor any other creature shall be able to separate us from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus ; They were more Eagle-eyed by the strength of grace , to pry into the nothingness of the creature , then all the Philosophers by the strength of nature ; they did mortifie , and crucifie , and keep under the body , with the lusts thereof , and more truly detest the corruption of the outward man , then any Platonist whatsoever : but were these the grounds , the rise of this celestial affection ? nothing less , to see God , to enjoy God , to dwell with him , to converse with him , to be dissolved , to be with Christ : these transported their affections ; not the emptiness of the things below , but fulness of things above ; not the baseness of earthly things , but the glory of celestial things ; not the miseries of this life , or of this crazie vessel , but the happiness of the life to come ; they had but a glimpse of this strange light darted into ther souls , and the whole world was darkness unto it ; they had a gust of sweetness cast into the palate of their souls , and all things else were bitter and unsavory : Christ was placed in the summity and height of their souls , and the desire of the full fruition of him caused that fainting , that earnest longing in their spirits . You will say if this be so , what will become of the greatest part of Christians , who are afraid to die ? who are so far from groaning to depose this Tabernacle , that they groan at the least intimation of dissolution ? It is true that all men receive not this saying , neither is it for every one to attain to this perfection . As there are two forts of faith , so there are two forts of Christians ; there is a strong faith , and a weak faith ; and there are strong Christians , and there are weak Christians ; the strong Christian is willing to die , and patient to live ; the weak Christian is willing to live , and patient to die ; he goes when God calls , but he could wish that God would defer his calling ; he hath good hopes of heaven , but he desires a little more to enjoy the earth ; he loves God more then all , yet his affections are not fully taken off from all ; he is not perplexed with the fears of Hell , yet he is not ravished with the joyes of Heaven ; he hath much strength but knows it not : as many a Spectator of a prize , is better able to performe it , then he that undertakes it ; but either through faintness of heart , or ignorance of his own strength , dare not put it to the hazard , but had rather commend another mans valour , then trie his own ; whereas a strong Christian , a man grown in Christ , sends a challenge to this Gyant Death , singles him out , as a fit object of his valour , grapples with him , not as with his match , but as his underling , insulteth over him , setteth his foot on the neck of this King of terrours , and by conquering him , captivates with great facility all other petty fears of ignominy ; poverty and the like , which therefore are dreadful , because they tend to Death , the last , the worst , the end , the sum of all feared evills : this is the unconquerable crown of Faith ; this is the glory of a Christian , this is the Diadem of honour wreathed about his Temples , advancing him above all other men whatsover . But you will say , may a man desire death ! Is this now a question , what means the agony of the Apostle ? I desire to be dissolved , and to be with Christ . What means the earnest longing of the Spouse ? Apoca. 22. The Spirit faith come , and the Bride faith come ; and let him that hears say come . What means her fainting in the Canticles ? I am sick of love , let him bring me into his chamber : Let me see his face , I am sick unto death : Let me dy lest I dy , that I may see him for ever . What means the Character of a true Christian : As many as love the appearance of the Lord , which cannot be without death : What means the incredible contempt of death in ancient Christians , insomuch , that it was a received Maxime with the Heathen ; Omnis Christianus est contemptor mortis . What means the heroical incouragement of old Hilarion , Egredere anima , egredere , quid times ? Go out my soul , go out , why tremblest thou ? What means the words of old Simion in the flames ; Thus to dy is to live ? What means the rapture of Saint Chrysostome , that he would thank that man that would kill him , as transmitting him more speedily to those unconceivable Joyes ? What means this groaning , and thirsting in my Text ? Do not these demonstrate that it is lawful to desire death ? Not simply in it self , or for it self , it is the separation of those two whom God hath coupled ; it is a cessation of being ; it is an evil of punishment , the daughter of sin : to desire it simply , were to desire evil , which is abhorrent to nature ; much less ought we to hasten our death by violent means . Let their memories be buried in perpetural silence , as the botches and ulcers of Christianity , who out of impatience have perpetrated this heinous sin , a sin against God and man ; against nature , against grace , against the Church , against the common-wealth , against all things : The Heathen man could say , that we are the possession of God , to be disposed of by him , not by our selves : the body is the structure of God , the work of his hands , the Tabernacle which he hath made , and not to be removed , or to be taken down , but by his command : while we live , we may advance the glory of God , the good of others ; we may impeople heaven , make up the ruines of Angels ; to hasten our death , were to envy this glory to God , this good to others : In that distraction of our Apostle between two good things , his own glory , and the good of others ; you know which way the scales inclined , to the good of others ; as if he had said , let my glory be deferred , so Gods glory be increased ; let my joy be increased , let my joy be sulpended , so the joy of Angels , and of the Court of heaven be intended by the conversion of sinners ; Nay more , this is a small thing ; Let me be an Athema , so Israel be blessed , let me be blotted out of the book of life , so thousands be inserted ; let the bowels of Christ be streightned to me , so they be enlarged to others ; this is life indeed , this is the end of our life : this will comfort us in this life , and crown us in the life to come . He that can truly say , that while he lived , he lived to God , not to himself , that he sincerely propounded the glory of God , and the good of others unto himself ; this man may write upon his Tombe , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , I have lived : take this out of the life of man , and what is it but a meer death , if not worse , though it be protracted to the years of Methusalem twice told ? Thus , simply to desire death is not good ; but cloath this with some circumstances , and then to desire death is not only warrantable but commendable ; when we have done all the good we can , when our lives will be no more serviceable to Church or Common-wealth , when we have with all fidelity done our Masters work , when we have the testimony of a good conscience , that we have fought a good fight , that we have kept the faith , that we have finished our race ; then may we say with old Simeon , Lord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace ; then may we with our Apostle lift up our eyes to the crown of righteousness , which the righteous Judge hath laid up for them that fear him ; then we may expect the Euge of the good servant , Well done good and faithful servant , enter into the joy of thy Master . Again , when we are called to be Holocausts , or sacrifices , oblations of sweet savours , the Frankincense of the Church to perfume others , to deliver up our lives unto God , to seal his Truth with our bloud to encourage others ; then we ought to run unto death with all alacrity , rejoycing that we are counted worthy to suffer for his Name , to triumph , to boast in this out of these cases , to have such a taste of God , such a relish of the joyes of heaven , such a longing after the presence of Christ , as not to be ready , but to be willing ; not to be prepared for the stroak of death , but to be desirous of it , to esteem of death as the funeral of sin , the interring of vice , the period of miseries , the Charter of freedome , the Pattent of exemption from evil of sin , from evil of punishment , the day of our birth , the season of harvest , the seal of our victory , the heaven of our happiness , our introduction into heaven , our inauguration into a kingdome ; the Chariot of our triumph , the day of our return to our proper house , to our Parents , to our best friends . This is the affection which is required in us , at which we ought to aim . Let this house of clay be resolved into the principles of the same , what wonder if that which is built be thrown down ; and that which is compounded , be resolved ; and that which was borrowed of the Elements , be repayed again ; and that which was taken from the earth , be committed to the custody of the earth . Nay , let me triumph in the resolution of this peece of clay into the exilest atome , and admire the counsel of God , that this Carkass is crumbled into the smallest dust , and sifted into the coursest bran , even to dust and ashes ; were not this body resolved into dust , who would beleeve his original to be from the earth ? what pride , what elevation would follow ? what carking and caring for this earthly Tabernacle ? if now when we see it to be but a spawn of worms , and the food of Emmits , there is such immoderate excess ; what would there be if the body were exempted from putrifaction ? what desolations would follow in Cities , in Towns ? how many would dwell in monuments with those whom they have honoured , or affected in their lives ? if many now be so impotent , that though the body be putrified , they cannot forbear imbracing of it , and to solace themselves , make Pictures of their dead friends , and dote upon these ; what would they not do if their bodies were immortal ? What neglect would there be of the soul , the better part of a man ? who would know the vertue of it , that it is not only salt to the body to keep it sweet , but the life , the beauty , the comliness of the body ? Who would beleeve the consummation , the period of the world , if our bodies were immortal ? who would mind heavenly things ? who seek those things that are above ? what deifying of the body would follow ? what Idolatries ? what superstitions ? what Temples built ? what Alters erected ? what variety of Ceremonies instituted to the body ? All which God hath pluckt up by the roots , by this putrifaction , and incinneration of our bodies , by this , teaching us to contemn earthly things , to have our cogitations on heaven , to think upon this scale , to ascend up to this Mount , to aspire to this intention , which that we may , let me add fuel to the fire , and oyle unto the flame , the expression of this aflection , to the intention of it , earnest groaning , to eager desiring . In this we groan earnestly . That is , for this we sigh out , not our breath , but our spirits : we groan out , not fuliginous vapours , but our very hearts , we weep not tears but bloud ; for this we immolate the sufferings of our bodies , and macerate them with watchings and fastings , we roul them in dust and ashes ; we exercise them in all humiliation and repentance . And this is to groan earnestly , in my Text. This is the negotiation of the outward man whereby it treads for heaven , this is the conversation of a piece of clay into a pile of frankincence ; this adds wings unto our Prayers ; this openeth the ears of God ; this dissipateth the clouds of his countenance ; this inclineth him to clemency towards us ; this maketh the Widdow continent , and the Virgin unspotted ; this lifts up the voluntary Eunuch to the kingdome of heaven ; this perfects the grace that is in the soul ; this washeth away the stains , and contaminations that are in the soul ; this is the beauty and comeliness of a Christian . How lovely were the Ninivites ? how glorious was the King in sackcloth , sitting in his throne of dust and ashes ? what were his Robes of Majesty and Royalty to these ornaments , they might dazle the eyes of the body for a time , these dazle the eyes of the mind , even at this day , after so many hundred years ; they might procure him honour with men , these made him honoured by God himself . Let corporal eyes look upon an abject , and mean appearance of a King in these weeds , yet do not spiritual eyes see through these garments , Humility , Patience , submission , fear of God , and the like ? and are there any Jewels like unto these ? what are those garments which are the labour of a worm , to these robes that are the works of Gods Spirit ? What is a chain of Pearl , to a chain of warm and successive tears , beaten out of the rocks of a broken and contrite heart ? they may adorn the body , this adorns the soul ; and which is more , binds the hands of God himself . Let whose will admire the victories and triumphs of David over the enemies of Israel , which are indeed worthy of admiration ; I admire him in his watchings , and fastings , and sackcloth ; by them he overcame flesh and bloud ; by these he overcame God ; by them he overcame men , by these he made conquest of himself ; by them he enlarged the territories of Israel , by these he enlarged the bounds of heaven ; by them he made Hadadezer fly , by these he made the Angel put up his sword , and God to reverse his sentence ; by them he did remove temporal evils ; by these he did procure everlasting good unto himself and others . This is that humiliation which this sacred time requires , not abstinence only from meats which pamper this carkess ; this is not the body of this fast , but a vehement intention of religious duties above other times ; he that prayed twice a-day before , let him now do it seven times ; he that fasted but once in the week , let him now do it three times , or ostner , as his body will permit him , though it be to the sickness of the body , it is an happy sickness of the body , which is the sanctity of the soul ; he that gave Almes a little , let him now double , or treble his liberality ; he that did delight before in recreations , let him devote that time to prayer , to humiliation : do not our sins require this ? our own sins ? the sins of others ? if not our own miseries ( for which we bless God ) yet do not the miseries of other Nations , the Churches of God require this ? Do we not now beat our breasts , and hang down our heads , and rend our hearts , and punish our selves for our sins , that God may not punish them ? Did not our sins call upon us for this duty , yet is not the sight of God , the presence of our Saviour , the joyes of Heaven , the equality with the Angels , the glory of a Kingdome worthy a tear , a groan , a sigh , a fast , are they now so contemptible or mean , that no violence is requisite ? with what face shall we appear before our Saviour at his Tribunal , when he shall demand of us his tears , his watchings and fastings ? when he shall say unto us , were are my tears ? are they water spilt upon the ground , not to be gathered up ? Where are my sighs and groans , have they vanished in the ayr ? where are my watchings ? what not a tear , for so many tears ? not a fast , for so many fasts ? not a groan for so many miseries which I indured ? Had I shed but one tear , should it not have broken up a fountain of tears in thee ? Had I setched but one sigh , should it not have made thy life a perpetual sigh ? But when I have done so much for thy sake , shall it be lost ? wilt thou do nothing for thy own self ? shall I cast so much seed into the ground , and reap nothing again . Oh my beloved , what are all our afflictions ? what are all the afflictions of our selves , to the least drop of gall that he tasted , to the least scourge which he suffered ? how can we say that either we loved God or our selves , if we do not these things in testimony of this . If ye shall not perform these duties , it is a small comfort for us , that we have freed our souls ? it is your salvation we thirst after , and say in a better sense , then the King of Sodome ; Da nohis animas , Give us your souls : and without this we have no comfort , we may be acquitted at the bar of God , but we shall not be crowned in his Throne ; for what is our crown , but you that hear us ; but if you shall thus groan , as I doubt not but you do in secret , it is not I , but God himself hath promised . that they that sow in tears , shall reap in joy : that they which mourn here , shall be comforted hereafter ; that they which groan here , shall be refreshed in their proper house ; In this we groan earnestly , desiring to be cloathed upon with our house which is from heaven . Which God of his infinite mercy grant , &c. THE CARELESSE MERCHANT : OR THE WOFUL LOSSE OF THE PRECIOUS SOUL . SERMON XXII . MATT. 16.26 . What is a man profited , if he shall gain the whole world , and lose his soul ? THe Patriarch Jacob in his vision at Bethel , saw the Angels of God ascending and descending , Gen. 28. So from the thirteenth verse of this Chapter , we have the Disciples of Christ ascending and descending . For first their general speaker Simon Peter , had made a notable confession of our Saviours Divinity , and had received for the further incouragement of himself and his brethren , such an excellent testimony from our Saviour , that the Angels of heaven might behold , observe , and imbrace ; Blessed art thou Simon Bar-Jona , for flesh and blood hath not revealed this to thee , but my father which is in heaven : and I say thou art Peter , and on this rock will I build my Church , and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it . Which words were not only appropriate to him , ( they were spoken to him ) but they were common to all the Apostles : For as Origen argues , shall we think that the gates of hell prevailed not against Peter , but did a gainst the rest ? Therefore that which was said to him , was said to all , and being such a glorious commendation ; behold the Angels ascend . But secondly , what if the earthly mind of man dream of a Messias temporal , and that they must be promoted to places of eminency , and stiled gracious Lords ? the case is too palpable : for if Christ warn his Disciples , and tell them of his approaching death at Jerusalem , he shall be sure to meet with a check ; no such matter , it shall not be so to thee . Oh! here is a strange metamorphise , a sudden alteration ; before a Confessor , and now a controller : there is no wisdome of the spirit in this , and therefore no commendation for this , but because he was somewhat too forward , get the behind me , for thou art an offence to me ; behold the Angels descend . And surely this carnal wisdome had been able to weigh them down to the nethermost hell , had not the wisdom●… of the wisest curbed , and subdued , and restrained it . What , not suffer ? Yes , Peter also must suffer ; and all that will follow Christ , must renounce all the inticements of the world , and mortifie all the corrupt exorbitancies of the flesh , and resist all the temptations of the Divel . For what is a man profited if he gain the whole world , and lose his soul ? Which words are an exaggeration of the woful estate of a temporizing Professor , of a carnal Gospeller , and they reach to our consideration these four generals . First , the excellency , and worth of mans soul , which is of greater value then the whole world . Secondly , the possiblity of the loss , a man may lose his own soul . Thirdly , the compossibility of outward prosperity , he may lose his soul in gaining the whole world . And then lastly , the woful bargain in such an exchange , What is a man profited ? Of these in order . First of the surpassing excellency , and dignity of mans soul : it is valued and prized here above the whole world . It was the plausible conceit of certain Ehilosophers , that the world was a great man , and that man was a little world : a little world indeed , but as Saint 〈◊〉 rearms him , a great wonder : for within this little world , there is a reasonable soul worth all the world . To render an exact definition of the soul , it requires the tongue of an Angel , rather then of a man : it passes the comprehension of travellers to apprehend the nature of the soul : for these three , God , Angels , and mans Soul , they are unknown to us ; we may sooner admire their excellency , then conceive their nature ; and argue of their opperations , then attain their knowledge ; of such sublimity is the soul of man , so Angelical and Divine ; the excellency whereof is commended to us by three distinct voyces , of Nature . Grace . Glory . For , first in the order of nature , it is the greatest thing , saith Plato , that we may conceive in a narrow room : the most noble thing that all the frame of nature affords ; and that , In respect of the Orignal . In respect of the Image . In respect of the Original , the soul of man hath no beginning here 〈◊〉 there was no voyce directed to the earth , or to the water , for the production of 〈◊〉 soul , but a serious confultation of the sacred Trinity , and a breathing into his 〈…〉 the breath of life . Saith Saint Austin , he created it by infusion , and 〈…〉 creation . And the Philosopher well concludes , that the soul as it is not from without , . it is only divine . Therefore the Manichees extolled it too high , when they deemed it a portion of Gods substance : let not others abase , and depresse it too low , to think it is derived from Parents ; it comes not of their substance : it is enough for them to be the fathers of the flesh , God alone is the Father of spirits , as the Apostle makes the antithesis , Heb. 12.9 . Secondly , for the Image , the soul is most like God , saith Plato ; saith Aristotle , it is of the nearest kin , of the greatest consanguinity , as I may say : and the Lord himself signifies so much , After our Image let us make man. Then the soul of man is not stamped with a Roman Caesar , but with Gods own Image and superscription ; and that First in respect of the substance , being not only a spiritual , intellectual , incorporeal , invisible essence ; but explaining by the plurality of Powers , in the unity of Essence , the plurality of Persons in the unity of the Deity . Secondly , being furnished with singular indowments ; as in the state of innocency with perfect wisdome , and holiness , and righteousness . Yea , still in the state of sin , some generals are lest , some broken fragments of the creation , moral qualifications that may lead us by the hand to the knowledge of our Master . Lastly , in regard of the comanding power it hath over the body . It is to the body , as Moses was to Pharoah ; a God to the body ; it actuates it , and moves , and commands , and restrains it ; whereby ( next and immediately under God ) we live and move , and have our being . Seeing then the soul is the immediate work , and character of God himself , so excellent for the Original , and for the Image , let nature conclude that the soul in-these regards , is of greater value then the whole world . Secondly , in the Kingdome of grace , the price of the soul is far above the dignity of the world ; and that in the grace of Redemption , and the grace of renovation . For first , in the souls redemption , the soul amounts so high , as that the whole Creation is not able to discharge it ; It is not gotten for gold , nor silver is not weighed for the price of it ; it is not valued with the gold of Ophir , or the precious Onix . It cost more to redeem the soul of sinful man : the precious bloud of the eternal Son of God ; he could only redeem it , that at the first created it ; Ye are bought with a price , the precious blood of Christ . Secondly , in the grace of renovation , nothing is able to cleanse it from sin , but the Spirit of God. The spirit alone must enlighten the understanding , and rectisie the affections , and purisie the will , and sanctifie the conscience , and seal up the Image of God in righteousness , and true holiness . And the soul thus renewed , is as a Garden inclosed , a spiritual Paradise , where the God of heaven delights to dwell , the Spouse of the Beloved , and in the phrase of the Church , As the Lilly among the thorns , so is my love among the daughters . Seeing it appears that the universal World is not able to redeem , or being redeemed , to renew , or renewed , to parallel the soul ; let grace subscribe to that which nature concludes , that the soul is of greater value then the whole world . Lastly , for the passage of glory , the contents of the whole Universe are not able to come neer the soul . Saith S. Bernard well , well it may be busie , and took up with other things , but it cannot be satiate , and replenished with them . And Democrates imagined , that if there were millions of worlds , it were all one in comparison of the soul for blessedness . The world is transitory like the dew of the morning , it fades as the grass , and as the flower of the field ; whereas on the contrary , the soul of man is the subject of immortality , capable of an exceeding , surpassing , eternal weight of glory . For if in the time of grace we behold as in a glass , the glory of the Lord , and are changed into the same Image , from glory to glory , by the Spirit of the Lord. How resplendant shall the soul of the righteous be , in the beatifical vision of Gods excellencies ? How wonderful shall that divine capacity be , that shall be capable of God himself for a perpetual residence ? Insomuch that the most ancient of dayes shall give fulness to the Soul , of knowledg and wisdom , and his sacred Spirit that shall fill it with the fulness of God , with contentation , and the sacred Trinity shall be all in all to it . Seeing then the Soul is capable , and is the subject of the happiness , and joyes of heaven , and partner with the glorious Angels in the fruition of the chief good , let the sentence of glory joyn to Grace and nature , that the Soul is of greater value then the whole world . Behold then , O man , out of the mouth of three witnesses : ( for I may say in this case , as Saint John saith in another , There are three that bear record in heaven , the Father , the Word , and the holy Ghost . Behold , out of the mouth of three Witnesses ) the surpassing excellency , and dignity of thy soul ; it is the breathing of God , the Image of God ; he created it with his Word , redeemed it with his Son , and in whomsoever his grace abides , he will crown it hereafter with his glorious presence . What then remains , but that we esteem our souls accordingly as God values them . Let us not with the unhallowed voluptuous in these times , make Lords of our bodies , and slaves of our souls . Let us not spend our dayes in providing for the lusts of the flesh . Let us not in affectation of fair possessions , of able servants , of hopeful sons , and good friends , content our selves with bad souls . A mans soul is himself , saith Plato . And O wretched wight , saith Saint Austin , how hast thou deserved so much ill of thy self , as among all thy goods , to be only thy self bad ? O remember the sublimity of thy precious soul : thou knowest not what a precious pearle thou hast in thy body , like the hidden treasure in the Gospel , it is of greater worth than the whole field . I say not as he did , know that thou hast a God in thee , yet know that in that better part of thy nature , thou art like to God : for he hath given thee a soul of his own breathing , and stamped it with the impress of his own Image ; and created it capable of the fruition of his own presence in endless glory . In the consideration whereof , walk worthily of this precious divine inspiration . Thy Soul is a spirit , let thy thoughts be spiritual . Thy soul is immortal , let thy meditations be of immortality , and renounce thy body and good name , and gifts of the world , for the gainig of thy soul ; for what shall it profit a man to gain the whole world , and to lose his own soul ? So much shall serve to be spoken of the first point : the surpassing excellency and dignity of the soul , it is vallued and prized here above the whole world . Now , the next is the possibility , that a man may lose his own soul . The mention whereof causeth me to remember , that passage between Christ and his Disciples , Mat. 24. The Disciples point Christ to the stately buildings of the Temple ; but they were soon damped , when Christ told them , that after a while there should not a stone , be left upon a stone . So perhaps , you are taken with admiration at the former part of the discourse , concerning the excellency of mans soul , but are damped , to consider that a man may lose it . It is a substance immortal , in respect of the being of it ; but defiled with sin , it is adjudgeable to death in regard of the well-being ; and a posibility so to die , is nothing repugnant to the immortality of the soul . The damned spirits they are alwayes dying , and are never dead ; they are alwayes deprived of Gods comfortable presence , and are never released of their hellish torments ; As the Apostle saith in another case , as dying , and yet behold they live ; as living , and yet behold they die . The soul expiring is the death of the body , and God forsaking is the death of the soul . But you will say , how is it possible ? The question is soon resolved , if we ponder the causes of death . A thousand mortal maladies there are to kill the body , and there are a thousand deadly diseases to destroy the soul . There is no sin so small , but in the rigour of Gods justice , and in its own nature , it way damn the soul . When God in the beginning stated man in Paradise , he gave him a special caveat about the tree of knowledg , he gives him a command thus ; In the day thou eatest , thou shalt die . What , for bare eating ? No , beloved , but for the sin , for tansgressing so small a commandement of so great a God. Sin alone makes a separation between God and the soul , and causeth the death of the soul ; the soul that sins , the same shall die . It may teach us , that for the time that we live in this world , there is nothing easier then to sin . There is a tree of Life , and a tree of Kuowledg , and by eating of the tree forbidden cometh death : there is a way of felicity , and a way to destruction ; there is a God of salvation , and a ghostly enemy , and by adhering to the pricipality of sin , a man may lose his own soul . Is it possible then that a man may lose his soul that is so precious ? and have we not great reason to try , and to suspect our selves , touching our standing towards God ? Is there not a main necessity to seek the means to preserve us in the compass , and seals of grace ? It is lamentable to consider how in bodily diseases men can open their grief , and seek for help , and send to some learned Physitian . We can go to some noble learned councel , in case of law . But alas the soul lies wounded in the way , over laden with the grievances and pressures of sin , distracted with the affrightings of a troubled conscience , as if there were no balm in Gilead , no Physitian there , as if there were no Minister to afford help . There is no seeking abroad : a Lyon is pretented to be in the way , and Solomons sluggard , folds his hands to sleep . O let not these things be so . Be not as the Horse and Mule that have no understanding . Neglect not the helps of your preservation in grace : but , be continually watchful with suspition and jealousie , and abstain from fleshly lusts , that fight against your souls . The Poet could say , Theeves rise by night to rob , and kill , and steal , and wilt not thou wake to save thy soul . God ( for the most part ) saith Saint Chrysostome hath alotted to nature all by two's ; two hands , two eyes , two feet , two ears ; ears , eyes , hands , feet , two of all , that if we chance to maim one , we can help to relieve the necessity of it by the other : but he hath given us but one soul , if we lose that , what shift shall we make for another soul ? a piercing contemplation , if we had grace to consider it . Therefore , O my soul , tender thy self as my own happiness , if thou be translated to heaven , the body in time shall come thither ; this corruption , shall put on incorruption ; this mortal , shall put on immortality . Again , if thou be haled with the fiends to the nethermost hell , the body in time shall be tormented with thee . It is altogether just with the righteous God , that they that meet in sin , should also consort in suffering . Save thy self , and save all ; and by woful consequence , lose thy self , and lose all : For what is a man profited , if he gain the whole world , and lose his own soul . So much for the second point , the possibility of losing a mans soul . Come we to the third , the compossibility of outward prosperity ; he may lose his soul , in gaining the whole world . In the diversity of opinions concerning the chief good , some there were that placed it in riches ; others in honours ; and how ever they differed in their judgements , yet both agreed in this , that they were both deceived . For how ever it cannot be denied , but that riches , and honours , are the blessings of God ; yet again they are no demonstration of a blessed man. Lest any man should take them to be ill , they are bestowed upon them that are good : lest any man should reckon them for the chief good , they are bestowed likewise upon the evil : external blessings are but common favours vouchsafed to good and bad . Was Abraham rich ? so was Abimelech . Was Jacob rich ? so was Laban . Was David a King ? so was Saul . Was Constantine an Emperour ? so was Julian . Salvation depends not on the multitude of riches , or emminency in place : the tallest Cedar hath the greatest fall ; and the fairest houses many times the greatest ruin ; and outward prosperity uuguarded with inward sanctity , may soon lose the soul . For first , rich men are tainted with covetousness , which is a kind of secret Idolatry , Collos . 3. and covetousness which is Idolatry , saith the Apostle . If you would know the reason , the more tenaciously a man loves his own , the less devotion he offers to God , you cannot live in the service of Mammon , and of Christ ; the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it , you cannot serve God and Mammon . If the young man in the Gospel have great possessions ; if Judas carry the bag ; if Demas imbrace the present world ; then fearewel Christ , farewel Paul , and farewel soul too . So true is the saying of the Apostle , They that will be rich fall into temptations , and snares , and many foolish , and noysome lusts that drown men in perdition and destruction . Where , he saith not they that are , but they that will be rich : It is not simply money , but the love of money that is the root of all evil . Riches are good with a good conscience : but if the soul be infected with avarice , if it savour of that bitter Collaquintida , Death is in the pot , and how hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdome of heaven ? For the desire of worldly men , it is as the unsatiable thirst of a dropsie patient : there is no means that they leave unattempted , no policy unachieved for the accomplishment of their ends , and advancing of their estate . Balaam for a bribe will almost curse where the Lord hath blessed . Ziba for an inheritance ( as much as in him lies ) will bring his Master within the compass of treason . Demosthenes for a little more gold , instead of pleading , will pretend he hath a cold . May not the Church have a Balaam ? And the Princes Court have a Ziba ? and the bar have a Demosthenes ? There is no greedy Monopolizer wheresoever they be , in City or Country , but they are moralized Eagles ; and the coals that they carry shall fire their own nest ; They shall have Ahabs curse with Naboths Vineyard , and Gehezies leprosie with Naamans reward ; and while with an eager pursuit they hoard up unrighteous Mammon , it is but wrath heaped up against the last day ; they heap up wrath to themselves against the day of wrath . Secondly , great men are in danger of ambition , and a swelling inordinately upon their promotion . And the ambitious man is so strangely dazled with the beams of his own lustre , ut imperio , &c. that in the greatest of his power , he thinks of nothing but how to be greater , he forgets the Lord that made him , and God that raised him out of the mire , to set him with the Princes of the people . And like that famous fool in his new coat once , he knows not himself . So by means of this impediment ; though God have some Noble , and some worldly-wise , that he hath drawn to himself : yet by means of this impediment , not many mighty , not many Noble are called . The gates of heaven are too too strait for the swelling dimensions of ambition : there is nothing so easie to pride , as to purchase a fall , and there is no fall so great as from heaven . It is a sign that Lucifer , if he long for dainties shall be cast out of heaven . It is a sign that Adam , if he desire the Apple shall be cast out of Paradise . It is a sign that Nebuchadnezzar , if he glory in Babel , he shall be cast out of his Kingdom . It is a signe that Haman by abusing his promotion , shall be exalted to the gallows . To comprize it in aword , the greater the dignity of eminency and honour , the greater the execution of pains , and horror . The sum then is this , in a world of promotion , and temporal advancement in worldly possessions , and unmeasurable treasure , the covetous , and ambitious man may lose his own soul . Now , for a word of Application , if this be so ; how taxable then are the thousands of worldlings in this kind , that imagine the gain of this earth to be the greatest happiness ? That say to the Gold , thou art my God ; and to honour , thou art my glory ? That make Gold their God , and Mammon their Mediator . Saith Saint Bernard , Yea covetous generation that glory in silver and gold , in that that is not yours , nor precious ; precious it cannot be , but by the avarice of the sons of Adam that prise them . Again , if they be yours , take them away with you when you go hence . Yet the children of the world are wholly for great Diana , Gods of silver and gold , multitudes of lands , and revenues , and advancing of their secular estate . Many can complain of the vanity of this world , and the deceivableness of it ; but few complain of that Idolatrous confidence that themselves repose in this false world : there are few that recount , how in enjoying outward things , Martha without Mary , prosperity without piety , they may lose their own souls . O let a word of exhortation prevail against this sore disease , if riches encrease , take heed of covetousness ; be covetous of spiritual things , for immortality , there hoard up your treasure in heaven . Again , for ambition take heed of it , be honourable for humility , and ambitious for heaven ; Love not the world , and the things of this world ; exalt not your selves against the Lord of glory . Thou knowest not what a day may bring forth : boast not of to morrow . O fool , this night shall they fetch thy soul . And what is a man profited , if he gain the world , and lose his own soul ? So much for the third point , the compossibility of outward prosperity , a man may lose his soul , in gaining the whole world . The fourth and the last , is the woful disadvantage by such an exchange , What is a man profited ? You may call it not unfitly the account of the careless Merchant ; or a Summary collection of gains and losses . For ( a little to countenance the allegory ) every unsatiable worldling is but merchant adventurer , a ventrous Merchant , he exchangeth his precious Soul for the deceivable riches of this world . But when God in his judgement transports him to his own place , the infortunate Island of damned spirits ; then he begins when the time is past , to cast up his doleful account , to campare his gains , and his losses ; and after all the ennumeration of his imaginary gain ; so much by usury , so much by extortion , so much by fraudulent dealing ; the total sum is collected to his hand . What is a man profited ? whence the observation might be this ; that , When the gain of the world , is attended with the loss of the soul , the over plus will be just nothing . The bargain is such , as that there is nothing gotten by it . That is too sparing an expression , it is short of Christs meaning , who conceals the worst , and refers it to our own collection : for ( by the way ) it were a happiness to be nothing , it were profitable for the damned : but this comes neerest Christs meaning , it is a loss unredeemable , and such as the world cannot countervail , when a man for the gaining of the world forfeits his soul . Let us see it in some particulars . First , if it be a man that glories in the resplendency of his fortunes , and blesseth himself in magnifying his estate ; a Commander of Kingdoms and Nations , an ingrosser of preferments and dignities ; yet First , Death will attach him , there is no carrying it away : he must of necessity take his leave of his Mammon , and then whose shall all these things be for which he hath lost his soul ? Who gains by the smallness of the Epha , the greatness of the shek●…e , the refuse of the wheat ? Where is the man that gloried in his abundance , and store , and thought himself the only happy man ? saith the Prophet David , I went but by , and he was gone , I sought him , and his place could not be found . There is a lively expression that illustrates it , Jer. 17. As the Partridg gathereth young that she brought not forth : so he that getteth riches , and not by right , shall leave them in the middest of his dayes , and at his end shall be a fool . What not before ? Yes , he was alwayes a fool ; but then by conviction , his own conscience shall call him so ; by the confession of his own tongue , which shall call him so ; by the proclamation of just men , they shall proclaim him so ; Lo this is the man that took not God for his strength , but trusted in the multitude of his riches , and strengthened himself , &c. Secondly , having lost his supposed good , he loseth the fruition of God the chief good , the countenance of the beatifical presence , the fellowship , and melodious harmony of the glorious Angels : his place and portion with Abraham , Isaac , and Jacob , in the kingdome of heaven . And all proportionable to his own deservings . In his life-time he refused God , being dead God refuseth him : he turned his face from the poor and needy ; God in his affliction eternally turns his face from him . A loss so exceeding great , that whosoever descends deepest in the meditation of it , yet he shall be at a loss , and to seek for a full definition of it : For as Chrysostome truly affirms , though a man tell thee of ten thousand hells , all is one in comparison of this misery , to be discarded of blessedness and glory , and to be hated of Christ . But if this be so , what shall we say to further misery ? having lost the chief good , he receives his punishment with hypocrites , and unbeleevers in the dungeon of extream ill . A place where there is nothing but horrour of conscience and desperation ; a company of affrighting divels ; and with all this , weeping and wailing , and gnashing of teeth . Instead of merriment , and jovial laughter , and scurrulous lascivious songs , and wasting , and abusing the creatures of God , nothing but weeping , and gnashing of teeth . So that having come into the chambers of death and closed in the straits of the grave ; the man like the hedg-hogg , leaves the apples behind him , and only reserves the prickles of a wounded spirit , in that sentence of Babilon ; As much as she bath gloryed her self , and lived delitiously , so much terment give her . Lastly , that that is the hell of hells , that nothing may be wanting to his diserved wo ; he is out of hope of all gracious means of deliverance , he must never look for the revokation of Gods sentence , though with Esau , he seek it with tears , he must never look for mittigation of his horrour , though he heg with the unmerciful glutton , for one drop of water . The date of repentance is out ; the day of grace will never dawn again : the justice is implacable , the fire unquenchable , the worm unsatiable , and all continual without intermission for ever-more . O! bottomless depth of horrour ; oh unexpressible torment of a forsaken soul ! what greater misery , saith devout St. Bernard , then alway to be wishing for that which shall never be , and for the removing of that that shall never cease to be . Therefore the sum is this ; Hath the covetous exchanged his soul for riches ; the ambitious for honours : hath he lost it for the riches of Cressus ; the power of Alexander ; the Empireof Augustus ; the glory of the whole world ? yet in consideration of The end of his life The loss of his God The extremity of his pain The eternity of all What is a man profited ? Now then for some application , and to draw toward a conclusion : suffer the word of exhortation ( brethren ) and captivate your thoughts to the obedience of Jesus Christ . You especially whom God hath blessed above others , concerning the enjoyment of outward , temporal things . If ever you be desirous to escape the direful slaughter-house of Hell ; to escape those burnings , and those everlasting yellings , while you have time , bethink your selves of some saving course to flie from the wrath to come . And now in time cast up your accounts : take heed lest for the love of this present world , you lose your God , the life of your souls . There is a way that seems right to a man ( saith Solomon ) but the end of it is the manifold wayes of death . Some Babilonish garment , some Naboths Vineyard , some sweet preferment : but if the means be unlawful , if it disturb conscience , and prejudice the glory of God , and occasion the destruction of thy soul , then say , What shall I doe when God shall rise up ? and when he shall visit , what shall I answer ? This will be the reckoning of fools at the last , What hath pride profited us ? and what hath riches brought us ? Surely the gain will be no other then what Promethius is fabled to have had by Pandora's box , a place to be tormented . Or what Hercules got by Dianira's garment . Such will be the final issue of all Mammonists , that live amongst Christians , and under means of better reformation , and more sanctification in their wayes ; I say this will be the final issue . The worm of despair alway gnawing , and never dying ; and the flames of eternal Tophet never to be extinguished . Therefore in such a case , if thou tell me thou knowest what thou dost , and what thou gainest . Let me tell thee , thou little knowest thy dammage , and what thou hast lost . Alas , what are the goods of this life , when they are compared with eternal damnation ? and the sweetness of imaginary gain , what proportion hath it with the bitterness of so great a loss ? Riches have wings , they take their leave ; honour is transitory ; pleasures flie away : whereas the soul of man is the subject of immortality . And thy poor neglected soul must bide by it for an everlasting pledge , and pay the debt . O! then , contemn this glory that is nothing ; First seek Gods kingdom , and the glory of it ; suffer not heaven to stand at so great a distance to thy soul , taste and see how gracious the Lord is , by one drop of water from that celestial fountain ; by one crum from that heavenly table ; and then as concerning the things below , thou wilt account them as dross and dung , in comparison of that joy , and peace of conscience . Resolve as Themistocles , when he saw a goodly booty , he would not stoup to take it up : leave these things for the Children of this world . But let your care be to please the Lord , and to gain the peace of a good conscience ; First seek the kingdom of God , which consists not in meat and drink ; but in righteousness , and peace , and joy in the holy Ghost . Remember the vanity of the things of the world ; remember how unable the soul is to enjoy hell , and to lose heaven without eternal horrour : and in consideration hereof . Use the World , as though you used is not ; and use this as a proof , hide it in a sanctified memory , and write it in the table of a sanctified conscience , ( if it were possible with a pen of Iron , and the point of a Diamond . What is a man profited if he gain the whole world , and lose his own soul ? CHRIST HIS SECOND ADVENT : OR THE APPROACH OF The God of Recompences . SERMON XXIII . REVEL . 22.12 . Behold , I come shortly , and my reward is with me , to give every man according to his works . THe Angel having described to Saint John ( in the Chapter immediately before , and in the former part of this Chapter ) the exceeding great joy , and glory , and felicity , that all the godly shall have in the kingdome of heaven , by comparing it to a City built with precious Stones , having twelve gates , and twelve foundations : wherein there is no darkness , they needing no candle , nor the light of the Sun : for Christ Jesus the Sun of Righteousness , is the continual light thereof . And that therein is no misery , no cross , no imperfection ; no want , no calamity , but continual joy and rejoycing . Where their songs are Halelujah , and their shields felicity , in the continual enjoying of the presence of Almighty God , the glorious Trinity . Having , I say , thus described these joyes , he doth in the words of my Text , for the comfort of the godly , Who ( have here no continuing City , but ) are strangers , and forreiners , and pilgrims , and travellers to another City , and seek a Country . And in this their travel , they meet with many crosses , and afflictions , and miseries . And likewise for the terrour of the wicked , that make this world their kingdom , and are the chief Lords and commanders of the same : for the comfort of the one , and the terrour of the other , the Angel here in the person of Christ saith , he will come , and that shortly , to be a speedy deliverer of the one , and a just Judge against the other . Behold , I come shortly , and my reward is with me , &c. In which words , observe these particular branches . First , the word of preparation or attention , in the first word , Behold , which is as it were a Trumpet that sounds before the coming of the great Judge , bidding every one to fit , and prepare himself to hold up his hand at the bar , Behold . Secondly the Person , and that is the Judge himself , speaking in the person of the Angel. I , Christ Jesus himself . Thirdly , his action , I come . Fourthly , the speediness of his coming , shortly . Fiftly , the end of his coming to Judgment , and that is to reward every man according to his works . Sixtly , and lastly , the quantity , and the quality of the reward inclusively set down ; which is according to the quality of the works : for if the works be good , there shall be a great , and good reward , but if they be bad , the reward shall be accordingly . The small model of time will not suffer me to run over all these particulars : therefore my meditations , and your attention , shall be in one doctrine from the words in general ; and that is this , that , Christ Jesus will hasten his coming to Judgement , to reward the godly with everlasting , and eternal felicities : but the wicked and ungodly , with endless woe , and perpetual misery . For the proof of which doctrine , you may consider these four things . First of all the certainty , and celerity of Christs coming to Judgement . Secondly , the signs that prognosticate his coming . Thirdly , the Judgement it self . Lastly , the end . For the certainty of Christ coming to judgement , I perswade my self that there is none here among you so ignorant , that he doth not know , or so Atheistical that he doth not beleeve : you know it is an Article of our belief , that he ascended into heaven , and there he sits at the right hand of his Father in glory , and from thence he shall come at the end of the world , to judge both the quick and the dead . Therefore I may spare the labour , and the time in any further proof of that . Now concerning the speediness of his coming to judgement . If so be the day of Judgement was at hand sixteen ages since , as both Christ and his Apostles proclaimed ; if then even in Christs dayes the ends of the world were come , as Saint Paul saith , 1 Cor. 10.11 . If then was the last time , as Saint John faith . 1 John 2.18 . If then the end of all things were at hand , as Saint Peter saith , 1 Pet. 4.7 . can we think that now it is far off ? Nay , so sure , and so certain as God is God , and his Word is truth , and not one jott nor tittle thereof shall pass away , he is neer at hand , he will come shortly . But , before we proceed , there lies two stumbling blocks in the way , that we must remove , wherewith many stumble concerning this point . In the time of the Apostles there were two heresies confuted : the one by Saint Peter , the other by Saint Paul. Saint Peter in 2 Pet. 3.3 . he wills us to understand , that in the last dayes there shall come scoffers , men living after their own lusts , saying , Where is the promise of his coming ? You preach so much that Christ Jesus is coming to Judgement , and to call every one of us to account for our wayes , our words and actions , but where is the promise of his coming ? for all things continue alike from the beginning of the Creation . Miserable men ! that would be perswaded that the day of Judgment should never come , because it was deferred : but such jesting , and mocking , and scoffing at this great and terrible day heretosore used , and indeed now practised in the whole progeny of unheleevers , it may be an argument to us , that it shall not be deferred ; for so saith Saint Paul , 1 Thes . 5.3 . when they shall say , peace , peace , and safety , then destruction shall come on them , as travel on a woman with child , & they shall not escape . But Saint Peter answers these scoffers that asked , Where is the promise of his coming ? he gives them two answers ; The one in vers . 8. the other vers . 9. In the eight vers . he saith Christ defers notlong to come to judgement : for saith he , one day with the Lord is as a thousandyears , &c. alluding to Psal . 90.4 . A thousand years in thy sight , are but as yesterday , since they pass as a watch in the night . As if he should say ? were it possible for a man to live a thousand years ; yet those thousand years in respect of God , as soon as they are past , they are as one day in respect of men : nay , they are but as a watch of the night ; that is , but as three hours . The old Jewes they divided the night into four Watches , and appointed to each Watch three hours ; as may appear by comparing of these places of Scripture together , Mat. 14.24 . Num. 14.25 . Luke 12.38 . So then the words bear this exposition , that a thousand years in respect of God , are but as one day ; nay , but as a Watch of the night ; that is , but as three hours . It doth plainly shew to us , that Saint Peter meant not to speak distinctly of a thousand years , but of a long time : so that his meaning is , innumerable years in respect of God , are but as one day . Saint Peter might as well have said 2000. or 3000. or 10000. thousand years in respect of God , are but as one day . Thus you have his first answer to those scoffers , that said , Where is the promise of his coming ? His second answer is in the ninth vers . where the Apostle saith , The Lord is not slack concerning his promise . Where is the promise of his coming ? Why , saith the Apostle , The Lord is not slack , as we account slackness . For we account them slack that goe slowly about a work , but God is not so to be accounted slack ; but saith the Apostle , He is patient toward us , and would have none perish , but come to repentance . Then the slackness of Christs coming is his patience , because he would give us time to repent , and have us prepared before he come . O! then beloved , let us not make a mock as others do of this patience , but while we have time , let us take time , that when he comes we may be worthy of him . Thus you have the first heresie confuted . The second was quite contrary to this , set abroach by certain false teachers , who taught the Thessalonians , that the day of Judgement was so neer , that it should happen in their age . Where ( by the way ) you may take notice of the exceeding great subtilty of the Divel , that labours by all means possible to bring men to one of these extreams . Either that the day of Judgement shall never come , or it shall come in such a limited time and age . And indeed it is ranked among the opinions of some , that held that the day of Judgement should be just 6000 years after the Creation , 2000. before the Law , 2000. under the Law , and 2000. under the Gospel . But Saint Paul answers these false teachers among the Thessalonians , and all of the like opinion : therefore to arm them against their assaults , he bids them for a certainty beleeve it . 2 Thessal . 2. that the day of judgement was not at hand . And he gives the reason vers . 3. For , saith he , that day shall not come , except there he a departing first , and that man of sin , the son of perdititon be revealed . But how is it that the Apostle tells the Thessalonians , that the day of Judgement was not at hand , seeing it is plain in the places before recited , that the end of the world was at hand , and that now was the last times ? and Heb. 9.26 . Christ appeared in the end of the world . It was in the end of the world that Christ appeared to sacrifice himself for our sins ; how is it then that he tells the Thessalonians here , that the day of the Lord is not at hand ? Master Calvin saith the answer is easie : for , saith he , in respect of God it was at hand , but as for us , we must be continually waiting for it . But Master Beza , and Rollock give another Exposition , which I take to be more natural to the place : for , say they , in all those places where it seems to be avouched , that the day of the Lord is at band : they understand the word in the Original , to signifie generally a time drawing neer . As to say the day of judgement may be this day as well as to morrow , and to morrow as well as this day ; and many dayes hence as well as now . But in that place where he saith it is not at hand , they understand the word precisely , to be meant of a precise time : so the Apostle speaks truly , the day of judgement is not at hand , so as that any man can say , it shall be this hour , or this day , or this month , or this year , or this age . This is no more but the doctrine of Christ ; Of that day and hour , no man knoweth , no not the Angels in heaven ; no , not Christ himself as man , but the Father only . So you see it is plain and evident , that the day of Judgement is at hand ; but in what precise limits of time or age it shall happen , it is uncertain . Our Saviour Christ tells his Apostles , Act. 1.7 . It is not for you to know the times , and seasons , that the Father hath put into his own hands . It is not for you to know these times : Then beloved , why should we have an ear to hear , where God hath not a tongue to speak ? Let it suffice us to know that it is at hand , which if we make good use of , it will make us wary and watchful , and Vigilant over all our wayes ; that we say not with the evil servant , Our Master defers his coming ; let us eat and drink , and beat our fellow servants : but betake our selves to the good servants duty , to watch . Watch we therefore , we know not the day and hour , when the Son of man cometh . But when he cometh and finds us doing well , dealing faithfully , and living holily ; happy , nay thrice happy shall we be : we shall be sure to partake of the blessing of those upon mount Gerrazim , we need not fear the curse of those upon Mount Ebal . We need not be afraid of the Thundering , and lightning on Sinai , nor the fire , and tempest , nor smoak of the furnace , nor of the sound of the Trumpet : for all our joy shall be in Sion . But when he comes , if he find us living wickedly , dealing unfaithfully , cursed , nay , thrice cursed we be , we are sure to partake of mourning for joy , of ashes for beauty , of a rent for a girdle : whatsoever becomes of our garments , assuredly our hearts shall be rent in sunder . Watch we therefore , we know not the day and hour , when the Son of man will come . In the second place , that the children of God may be armed , and prepared for his coming , he hath set down in his Word , certain signs which being effected , and come to pass ; they may easily judge , that then the day of redemption draweth nigh . Now these signs are of three sorts . Some are in respect of us a long time before he comes to judgement . A second sort are imediately before his coming . The third , in his coming . The signs that prognosticate his coming long before are these ; First of all the preaching of the Gospel to the whole world , which is set down by Christ , Mat. 24.14 . The Gospel of the kingdome shall be preached to the whole world , for a testimony to all Nations ; then shall the end be . Which words of our Saviour Christ we are not so to understand , as that the Gospel should be preached to the whole world at any one time : for that never was ; nor I think never will be : but if we so understand it , that the Gospel shall be preached to all Nations successively , and at several times : then if we consider the times since the Apostles , we shall find that the sound of the Gospel hath gone out to all the Nations of the world , as it was spoken by the Prophet : so that this first sign is already past , the end cannot be far . The second sign is , the revealing of Antichrift , saith the Apostle , 2. Thessal . 2.3 . That day shall not come , except there be a departing , and that man of sin , the son of perdition , which is Antichrist be revealed . Concerning this sign , in the year of our Lord , 602. after Christ ; S. Gregory seemeth to avouch , that whosoever taketh the name of universal Bishop , and Pastor of the Church , that was Antichrist . Five years after , Boniface succeeding him , by Phocas the Emperour , had the title of Universal Bishop of the Church , and ever since , all their successours have taken that name , so that it is evident that at Rome hath been , and now is , the Antichrist ; so that the second sign being fulfilled , the end cannot be far . The third is the general departure of the most from the Faith. There hath been a general departure in former times : when Arrius spread his heresies , almost all the whole world became an Arian : and for the space of 500 years together , from the time of Boniface , the world was so infected with Popish heresies , that the faith of Christ could scarsely be discerned ; they were as a handful of wheat to a great deal of chaff ; so that this sign it is already fulfilled in part ; but there shall alway be a falling away , and a departing from the faith till Christ come to judgement . The fourth sign stands in exceeding great corruption in the manners of men . And the Apostle makes this a sign of Christs last coming to judgement , 2 Tim. 3. This know , that in the last dayes perrillous times shall come , men shall be lovers of themselves , covetous , boasters , proud , blasphemers , disobedient to parents , unholy , without natural affection , truce-breakers , false accusers , incontinent , fierce , dispisers of those that are good , traitours , heady , high-minded , lovers of pleasures , more then lovers of God. The Apostle makes this a sign and mark , that shall be in the last dayes . Beloved , if ever this were fulfilled in these dayes of ours : for there is a general corruption in the manners of men . It is very hard to find those that in all truth and sincerity , labour to discharge a good conscience towards God and men . And Christ hath said himself , that when he comes to judgement , he shall scarse find faith on earth ; such a general corruption there shall be in the manners of men : so that this fourth sign being already past , the end cannot be far . The fifth sign is exceeding great persecution , and affliction of the Church , and the Saints of God. This hath been fulfilled in former times . You know there were ten fearful persecutions in the Primitive Church . And so it is fulfilled even in these dayes of ours : for the Whore of Babylon , that spotted beast ; she laboureth to make her self drunk with the bloud of Gods Saints . There are but few years , nay , months , or weeks , wherein some of the bloud of Gods Saints is not sacrificed to appease the wrath of the Persecutors . Then if in these dayes , this sign be fulfilled , the end cannot be far . The sixt is a general security , so that men will not be moved , neither with the preaching of the word of God , nor yet with judgements from heaven : they have such exceeding dulness and deadness of heart , that neither of these will move them . For the former , you know God hath sent many judgements amongst us ; we have had fire , and famin , and pestilence , and invasion of forrein enemies ; inundation of waters , thunder and lightning from heaven ; but all these will not work upon our hearts . The Lord he hath scourged us oft , but yet we set light by his corrections , we harden our hearts against all his judgements , our hearts will not be softned , and mollified ; what effect hath all these wrought , where is our humiliation , our repentance , and reformation . And for the preaching of the word of God , alas that can get no entrance at all : mens hearts are so crusty , and so hardned , that the seed of Gods word it lies uncovered , it takes no root at all in the heart ; it works no reformation at all : so that if ever this sign were fulfilled , it is in these dayes . It shall be saith Christ , ( speaking of the general security that shall be , when he comes to judgement ) as in the dayes of Noah and of Lot , they were eating and drinking , and marrying , and giving in marriage , till the fire came from heaven and burned them , and the water over-flowled the world : so that this sixt sign being past , the end cannot be far . The seventh and last sign of Christs coming to judgement , is the calling of the Jewes , which the Apostle , Rom. 11.25 . calls the fulfilling of the Gentiles . When God hath the number of his Elect among the Gentiles , then the Jewes shall be called again : but of the time , and the manner , and number , the word of God doth not reveal it : so that it is likely this sign is yet to come , all the rest are fulfiled , and therefore the end cannot be far . The second sort of signs , are such as are immediately before Christs coming to Judgement ; and that is the darkness of the Sun , Moon , and Stars , The Sun shall be darkned , the Moon shall lose her light ; the St●…rs shall fall from heaven , the very powers of heaven shall be shaken , the foundations of the heavens shall tremble . Alas , what shall the little shrubs in the Wilderness do , when the tall Cedars of heaven shall be shaken ? what shall poor sinful man do , when the Angels shall be afraid ? The last sign shall be in Christs coming to Judgement , Mat. 24.29 . it is called , the sign of the Son of man ; Then shall appear the sign of the Son of man ; and then all the tribes of the earth shall mourn . What this sign of the Son of man is , Divines do vary . Some hold it is the sign of the Cross , which all eyes shall behold , even they that pierced him , as John saith , Revel . 1. Some others ( which I rather assent unto ) take it to be the glorious beams of Christs Majesty , immediately before his personal appearance to enlighten the world , being darkned , by reason of the want of the light of the Sun and Moon . So you see what these signs shall be . The signs that prognosticate Christs coming . Those that shall be fulfilled long before , they are all effected , but one , as you heard . Therefore it stands us all upon , as wise Virgins , to prepare oyl in our lamps , that when our Bride-groom Christ shall come , we may be ready to enter into eternal joy . So we come from the signs that prognosticate the judgement , to the judgement it self . Concerning the judgement it self ; You must know that after death there are two judgements ; There is a particular , and there is a general Judgement . The particular Judgement is immediately , as soon as ever the breath is gone out of the body . As soon as ever the soul is gone out of the body , it is conducted by the Angels before the Tribunal seat of God , and there receives the particular sentence , either of joy or torment , according as it lived in the body in this life . We need not speak of this ; we have example for the proof of it in Scripture , of Dives and Lazarus , the one whereof being dead , was presently carried to joy , the other presently to torment . The other is a general judgement ; so called , because it shall be of all men in general that ever lived , and breathed upon the face of the earth , men , women , and children ; all shall be presented before the Tribunal seat of Christ ; all must hold up their hands at the Bar of his judgement ; all must give an account of all their words , thoughts and actions : all must receive the sentence either of , Come ye blessed , or , go ye cursed . After which sentence once pronounced , there shall never question be made of the end of the joy of the one , or the ease of the torments of the other . But here ariseth a question ; you know the world consists but of two sorts of persons , beleevers and unbeleevers . For the beleever it is evident and plain , Joh. 5.24 He is passed already from death to life ; he hath everlasting life already ; he shall not come into judgement . And for the unbeleever it is as plain , Joh. 3.18 . that he is already condemned , even already : both are judged already , both the beleever and unbeleever ; the beleever is saved already , the unbeleever is damned already , what need therefore a general , a second Judgement ? To this I answer , that there is a very great need of it , both in respect of the justice , and of the mercy of God , whose property it is alway to reward the godly , and to punish the wicked , which seeing he doth not to the full in this life , it must needs be that a day will come that he will fully do it . You know the course of the Lord , as David speaks ; good men have bands in their death , and wicked men are lusty and strong ; good men are in evil condition ; and wicked men in prosperity . Diogenes the Cinnick , seeing Harpalus a thief long in prosperity ; he was bold to say , that wicked Harpalus his living long in prosperity , it was an argument to Diogenes , that God had cast off his care of the world , that he respected not mens affairs . And indeed the prosperity of the wicked , hath brought the Saints of God to a stand . Davids foot slipped almost in seeing the prosperity of the wicked . It made Job to say , Job 24.12 . Men groan out of the City by reason of oppression , and the souls of the slain cry out ; and yet God chargeth them not with folly . This made Jeremiah , to expostulate his cause with the Lord , Jerem. 12. Let me talk with thee of thy judgments , Why doth the wicked prosper , and they that transgress thy commandements ? This makes the godly take up that passionate complaint , Psal . 73.11 . How doth God know it ? is there any knowledg in the most high ? Certainly , we have cleansed our hearts in vain ; in vain we have washed our hands in innocency : in vain we labour to live godly lives ; Why ? Every day we are chastened : for the Lord corrects us every morning . And these have the wealth of the world , they have the world at will , We in Christianity know this to be true . Dives hath the world at will , while poor Lazarus is shut out of doors , hungry and thirsty , cold and naked , full of necessity every way . This being so , the day must needs come , that the one shall have fulnesse of glory , and the other of misery . But to answer those places before cited . To the former , Joh. 5. where it is said , The beleever is passed already from death to life ; he hath everlasting life already . It is true , he is passed already from death to life , by faith he hath it already , and by hope ; he shall not come into judgement ; that is , of condemnation , ( so we must understand it , ) but there is a judgement of absolution that is to be executed ; and so when the Lord Jesus Christ shall descend from heaven with the sound of a Trumpet , and the voyce of the Archangels , then the dead in Christ shall rise first , and be caught up in the clouds to meet Christ , and then they shall be set at his right hand , and hear that heavenly sentence ; Come ye blessed of my Father , inherit the kingdom prepared for you , before the beginning of the world . You see the answer to that , that beleevers shall not come into judgement ; that is , not the judgement of condemnation , but of absolution at the last day . Now for the other place , where it is said , Joh. 3.18 . the unbeleever is condemned already . It is true , he is condemned already , and that three wayes . First of all , he is condemned already in the counsel of God. Secondly , he is condemned already in the word of God. Thirdly , he is condemned already in his own conscience . First , in the counsel of God ; God hath made an eternal decree of Predestination , whereby he hath elected some to salvation , and predestinated them thereto , and others to damnation . In this Gods eternal decree , the unbeleever is already condemned : nay , before ever he came into the world , as you have it in the example of Jacob and Esa●… , Rom. 9. before ever they had done good or evil , God hated the one , and loved the other . Secondly , in the word of God he is condemned , Jo. 3.18 . Why ? because he hates the light , and loves darkness . Thirdly , in his own conscience he is condemned : for the continual horrour thereof gives him no rest , day nor night ; there is a worm continually gnawing there , and a sting tormenting him : but the full execution thereof is to be in the day of wrath , when he shall be set at the left hand of Christ , and hear the sentence , Goe ye cursed into eternal fire , prepared for the divel and his Angels . O , what a terrible day will this be to all the wicked workers of iniquity : for Christ Jesus the Judge shall come then , to give them their reward . This shall be a black , a sad , a woful , dismal day to them : they shall not be able to look on the Judge , he shall be so terrible to them . You see the terriblness of the Judge set down by Saint John , Revel . 20.10 , 11. where it is said , he saw a great white throne , and one sitting thereon , from whose face f●…ed heaven and earth , and their place was no more found . Heaven and earth are great and mighty creatures , insensible creatures , that have not sinned , they flie , and tremble , and hide themselves at the coming of the great Judge : and shall man , silly sinful man , think to stand before the Judge without trembling ? Indeed if a man could present himself spotless without blame , he needed not to fear ; but alas it is far otherwise , there is none that doth good , and sinneth not , saith Solomon . The most righteous before men are stained , and poluted in the sight of God ; and may cry with the Leper , Unclean , unclean , what is man that he should be pure ? or the son of man , that he should be just with God ? The Angels of heaven are impure in his sight , how much more filthy man , that drinketh iniquity as water , Job 15. So in Psal . 14.2 . When God looks down from heaven upon the sons of men , to see if there were any that would uuderstand and seek after God ; Will he find any that frames themselves according to the rule of perfection that he requires ? surely no ; but this he finds , they are all corrupt , and abominable in their doings , there is none that doth good ; no , not one : so sinful is man in his whole race : sinful in his conception , he is conceived in sin , before ever he sees light in this world , when he is covered with the rich hangings of natures wardrobe in his mothers womb , then man tumbles in sin , as the word in the original signifieth . He is sinful in his birth , in his life , in his thoughts , his words and actions ; and shall he that is thus spotted , and stained , and polluted , stand before the pure Judge of heaven and earth without trembling ? surely no ; The mighty , the Kings of the earth , the Captaines , high , and low , of what condition soever ; as many as have not made their garments white in the bloud of the slaughtered Lambe Christ , they shall tremble , and flie to hide themselves ; and cry to the mountains to cover them , before the face of this glorious Judge . We come now to the last thing , and that is the end of Christs coming to Judgment . The end of Christs coming you know is to give a reward . And this reward shall be both to the wicked , and to the godly : for he shall give the reward according to every mans work . First , I will speak of the reward of the wicked . And after conclude with the reward of the godly . The reward of the wicked shall be endless woe , and perpetual misery in hell . There was never any man that descended into that fiery lake , and returned thence to tell us , what torments are provided for the wicked in Hell : but yet as by one drop of the Sea water , you may conceive of the saltness of the rest ; and as a man may ghesse at the stature of a Giant , by the length of his foot ; even so we may have some conceit of those endless and easeless , and remediless torments prepared for the wicked in hell , by a taste of the miseries we have in this life . Great may the grief of a mans heart be , even in this life , as great as mortality is able to bear . Can we read of the mourning of Joseph , of Hannah , of Job , of Jeremy , of Jerusalem and not be moved ? our hearts are hard . Can we read of the hideous torments invented by Tyrants , Caldrons of boyling oyl , roasting upon spits , tumbling down Mountains in barrels of nails , rending of joynts with horses ; can we read of these merciless torments , and not be moved ? our hearts are harder then a milstone . Alas , beloved , these are nothing but shadows , but counterfeit to those torments that are prepared for the wicked in Hell. For though the bowels of hell labour to empty the bowels of judgtment , yet she hath an immeasurable portion for her children now living ; nay , for those that are unborn , a patrimony of blackness , of brimstone , of the wrath of God , of wailing , and gnashing of teeth . Certainly , death shall take them away , but they shall never die ; they shall consume for ever , and yet shall not be consumed ; they shall be in fire unquenchable , and yet see no light . You may read of the wine of giddiness , Psal . 60.3 . of a strange kind of Worm , Isa . ult . of fire and brimstone , Ezek 38.22 . of the Wine-press of Gods wrath , Revel . 14.10 . All these , and if worse then these can be , are prepared as so many torments for the wicked workers of iniquity . Their cup is the deadliest that ever was drunk , even of Gods wrath wherewith they shall be filled for ever ; their worm is that that continually gnaws upon the conscience : they shall be tormented in fire and brimstone , before the Lambe and his Angels : Not such as that of Sodom and Gomorrah ; for then there were hope that they might be converted at the last into heaps of Ashes , or pools of Pitch ; but such fire and brimstone , that as a bottomless Mine gives them neither rest night nor day , the smoak of it ascending for ever ; and is appointed for a time , & times , till time shall be no more . Their torment in such a measure , as neither eye hath seen , nor ear heard , nor heart of man hath conceived . But , beloved , all this is but general ; if the time would suffer , we could shew the torments of the damned in particular ; as , First , the eternity of those torments , in that they shall never end ; and I verily perswade my self , that this is a great increase of their torments , the very conceit and thought that they shall never end , it is a great increase and aggravation of the torment . You know there is no grief and sorrow , or misery in this life , but time will either deminish it , or take it quite away ; either the tormented , or the tormentor will die : but in hell there you have them tormented day and night , for ever and ever , neither the tormented , or the tormentor die , but they live to endlesse woe . O! saith a godly Father in his meditations , if a wicked sinner in Hell did know that he were to continue there no more thousands of years , then there are sands upon the Sea-shore , or no more millions of Ages , then there are piles of grasse upon the ground , yet this would he some comfort , that at last they should have an end ; but this word never , it bre●… the heart , that after they have continued there so many thousand years , and millions of ages they are as far from the end of their torment as at the first . Secondly , we might note 〈…〉 in the extremity , and strictness of those torments , the straitness of them , there is no mercy shewed ; Take him , and bind him hand and foot , and cast him into utter darkness . And again , the gate is shut , after the sinner is once cast into Hell , there is no getting out again , the gate is shut . The straitness of these torments may be exceedingly laid down to us , in the Parable of the rich Glutton , who in hell roaring in everlasting flames , lift up his eyes , and saw Abraham a far off , and Lazarus in his bosom ; he desired Abraham to send Lazarus but to dip the top of his finger in water , to cool his tongue : a small request : he asks not to be delivered from his torments ; or for a flaggon of water , but for a drop ; yet to see the strictness of those torments , it was denied him . Dives had before , the world at will , what his heart could desire : but Lazarus comes to his gate full of soars and hungry , yet he refused to refresh him with crums from his table ; see the just judgement of God against the merciless wretch . Dives refused to give a crum ; when he asked he is denied one drop . So that as Saint James speaks , Jam. 2. there shall be judgement merciless to them that yeeld no mercy . Beloved , all you that have the wealth of the world , remember this example , when the poor distressed members of Christ come to your gates , shut not up the bowels of compassion , open your hands , and your hearts to relieve them : for as I said before , there shall be judgement merciless to those that shew no mercy . But I come to the last thing that I will but only name ; that is , the reward of the godly , that everlasting , eternal felicity in heaven . The time will not suffer me to speak largely , and particularly of the reward of the godly , which is a great incouragement , and comfortable to the servants of God. I will only speak in general . The Prophets when they spake of the Kingdome of Christ , they set it out by good things ; there is no need of their good things ; Nation shall not rise against Nation , they shall break their spears into mattocks . The wolf shall dwel with the lambe , and the Leopard with the Kid ; They shall eat of the tree of life , and the hidden Manna there . They shall be made pillars in the Temple of God. There they shall be cloathed with long white robes . Which places take us by the hand , and bring us to some conceit of those joyes . How then doth it stand every one upon now , while we have time , to labour to have intrest in those joyes ? Thrice happy is that man or woman , that comes to enjoy those joyes . It is spoken of Christ , that he , the joyes of heaven being set before him , he sustained the cross . Saint Paul accounted all but dung that he might win Christ , and come to those joyes . And Ignatius faith , that breaking of bones , fire , and gallows , quartering of limbs , come what will , so I may come to those joyes . I would we had all the like zeal after those joyes . Our coldness in seeking those joyes come from a base esteem of them , for if we did esteem them , we would labour exceedingly after them . Many things for use might be inferred hence . As first here is comfort , and incouragement to all the Saints of God , the servants of Christ , that take pains to live a godly life . However here they indure afflictions , and mockings , and reproaches , and scoffs of the world , yet Christ hath a great reward for them . Let them rejoyce , great shall their reward be . Give me a man then that hath buckled with the sins of the times , that hath studied the advancement of Religion ; give me such a one as hath incouraged those that are feeble , that hath provided for the Lords Prophets , that hath reformed the abuses of the Lords day , as Nehemiah ; what will inflame his zeal more then this , that Christ his Saviour sees it , and regards it , and will reward him ? And lest he should faint before the reward come , he saith , he will come shortly . This comforted Elias in the Wilderness , and Jeremiah in the Dungeon , and Job on the Dunghil ; so that they were more then conquerours through Christ . Secondly , is it so that Christ shall come to Judgement , and hath his reward with him ; here is terrour to all the wicked workers of iniquity . Behold , faith Malachie , Mal. 4.1 . The day of the Lord cometh , it shall burn as an oven , and all the wicked and ungodly of the earth , shall be as stubble and straw , and fuel for the furnace of Gods wrath . What a woful and heavy day will this be to all the wicked and ungodly ? Me-thinks they might conceive the terrour , and they shall cry out at the last day , when he shall come to reward them : is not this he whose lawes we have contemned ? whose sides we have pierced ? whom we have nayled to the Cross ? whose Ministers we have reviled ? whose servants we have reproached ? And this shall strike great terrour to the hearts of all wicked men , when Christ shall pronounce against them , Go ye cursed . Whither ? to the divel and his place of torments : Then they shall cry to the mountains to fall on them : Oh that some wild beast would follow them , and tear them in peeces , but it will be too late : their part and portion is in that Lake that burns with fire and brimstone . Lastly , this would stir every one up to fit himself , to prepare for this Judgement . And let us continually therefore lift up our hearts to heaven ; and as the Apostle speaks , wait for the appearing of Christ to Judgement . Then all tears shall be wiped from our eyes : there shall be no more sorrow , and mourning : there we shall fit with the Saints , and sing with the Angels , Halelujah , halelujah , all praise , and honour , and glory , and might , and dominion , and majesty , be to him that is upon the throne ; the Lamb Christ Jesus for evermore . THE SAINTS LONGING FOR THE GREAT EPIPHANY . SERMON XXIV . TITUS 2.13 . Looking for that blessed hope , and the glorious appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . THe former Verses you may remember , I chose to speak of upon another occasion . I shewed you how the grace of God , that brought salvation to all men ; appeared . Secondly , how it teacheth those men to whom it brings salvation . Every man would be glad to be saved by grace , but they love not that grace should teach them : now grace saveth none , but whom it teacheth , it first teacheth them , and then saveth them . Now it teacheth us as the Apostle faith , three lessons . First , Quid vitandum , what we are to shun : ungodliness , and worldly lusts . Then Secondly , it teacheth us , Quid faciendum , what we are to do , to live soberly , and justly , and piously in this present world . Soberly toward our selves ; righteously toward our Neighbour , and piously towards God ; this is the second Lesson . Then it teacheth us a third lesson , quid expectandum , what we must look for ; looking , faith the Text , for the blessed hope , the glorious appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . The two first points I handled then . And I told you , I would reserve the third point , till it pleased God to give me a fit occasion . It hath pleased God to give me a fit one , but a very sad accasion ; It is the Lord , let him do what seemeth good in his eyes . I will go over the words in particular , and observe something out of them . And then out of altogether , I will raise this Doctrine ; that , A child of God must live so soberly , so justly , so godly in this present world , as becometh a man that looks for a more blessed hope , at the great day , at the appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . I begin with the first . The first word is Looking , and it hath in it these four things ; First , earnestness : a Saint of God must look , and look earnestly . The Apostle when he sets down the looking of the creatures ( for the creatures look too together with us , to be freed from the bondage of corruption , in the glorious liberty of the Sons fo God ; when he speaks of the looking of the creature ) he useth a strange word which signisieth a putting out of the head , looking to see what it can espie a great way off , to see if there be any sign of his coming , Rom. 8.19 . And he tells us that the creature doth not only put out the head and look , but waits , and groans , and sighs , and travelleth as a woman in pain : and quoth the Apostle , not only the creatures do thus , but we that have the first fruits of the spirit . Nay , if the creature put out the head , and groan , and wait , and is in pain till that day come , how much more should we that have the first fruits of the spirit ? Earnestness , that is one . A second thing is Patience . If ( quoth the Apostle ) we hope for that we see ●…ot , then do we with patience wait for it . There is patientia spei ; The Thessalonians are commended for it , in 1 Thes . 1.3 . The patience of hope . And as the Apostle saith , Heb. 10.36 . Opus est vobis patientia , you have need of patience in this looking : for considering , First of all , that the time is not known to us , when this Lord will appear . It is not for you to know the times and the seasons , that the Father hath kept in his own power . And considering secondly , that that time , either longer or shorter , may seem to be long , omnes celeritas in desiderio ; All hast that can be made , is but delay to a man that languisheth in desire : hence comes those often , usque quo ? how long Lord ? how long ? Thirdly , considering , ( as the very heathen man could call them ) those wondrous workings of God. It is many times seen , that Gods working seems to go against his word . And then fourthly , considering how busie the Divel is to discredit the truth of Gods promise , and to weaken our faith , I say again with the Apostle , you have need of patience . There is the second thing . There is a third thing necessary , that is , Joy to think of this same day . Saith the Apostle , there is a crown of righteousness laid up for me , and not for me only ; but for all them that love , that appearing ; and where love is , there will be joy ; joy is a sweet motion of Gods spirit : spiritual joy , I speak of that ; either upon the fruition of some good thing present , or the expectation of future ; there is rejoycing under the hope of the glory of God , Rom. 5.2 . And faith the Apostle Peter , whom you have not seen , and yet love , whom though you see not , you beleeve , and beleeving you rejoyce , with a joy unspeakable and glorious . It is such a joy , as the world cannot give us ; and such a joy , as the world cannot take from us . Lastly , this looking hath also with it , a care and diligence to prepare our selves against that coming . Mark the Apostle , 2 Pet. 3.14 . faith the Apostle , Seeing we look for these things , let us use all diligence , that we may be found of him in peace . You know how the wise Virgins , because they looked for the Bridegroom , they had trimmed their lamps , and made all things ready to meet him . So then where this excellent looking for this blessed hope is , there will be all these ; An earnestness first . And then a Patience . And then a Joy. And then a diligence to meet him , to make our selves ready for him . Dost thou not look earnestly ? And dost thou not look with patience ? And dost thou not joy to think of this coming ? Then thou dost not look as thou shouldest do . But the next word is , Looking for what ? The blessed Hope . Hope is put for the thing hoped for ; the blessed hope , is the hoped for blessedness ; and this consists in two things ; A freedome from all ill , both of soul and body . And a fruition of all good , both in soul , and body , in the whole man. First , this blessed hope consists in this , in a freedom from all ill . First , that there shall be no more blindness in our understandings ; no more rebellion in our wills ; no more terrour in our consciences ; no more weakness in our memory ; no more sin , no more power to sin ; here is a non posse pecari . No more temptations of Satan ; no more allurements of the world ; no more frailties of the flesh ; no more hunger , no more thirst , no more weariness , no more sickness ; no more megrome in the head , no more palsie in the hand ; no more gout in the feet ; no more diseases , and no more death . For if we shall be freed from corruption ; how much more shall we be freed from vexation , and infirmity , and deformity . Here is freedome from ill . Well , here is not all ; it is not enough to be freed from ill : but here is the second part of this blessed hope , to enjoy all good . First , this is our blessed hope , that the Image of God shall be wondrously perfected in our fouls ; and all the faculties of it . This is our hope that God shall be to our understandings fulness of light : that he shall be to our wills abundane of peace ; to our memories a continuation of eternity . In a word , God shall be All in all . This is our blessed hope , that this vile body of ours , as vile as it is ( as the Apostle calls it , a body of vileness ) it shall be raised up again , and made like the glorious body of Christ by that mighty working : that this corruptible shall put on incorruption , and this very mortal , shall pus on immortality . I , and this is the blessed hope , that both in soul and body being blessed , we shall be gathered together to the Congregation of the first born . Where we are sure never to find any enemy , and we are sure never to lose a friend . Where we shall have the society , and company of Gods Saints , and of the blessed Angels . And in the beatifical vision and fruition , and communion of God , we shall have such joy , as neither eye hath seen , nor ear hath heard , nor tongue can express : such joy as cannot be conceived , and shall never be ended . Oh , blessed be that God , that is the author of this hope ; and blessed is the man that is partakers of this hope . But when will this be ? for quoth the Apostle , If our hope were only in this life , of all men living , we were most miserable . Why , but when must we look for it then ? At the appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . At the glorious appearing . The word is at the Epiphany , at the appearance of glory , at the glorious appearing . There is a twofold Epiphany of Christ : an Epiphany of grace , that was his appearing in our flesh , to work the work of our redemption . And then there is an Epiphany of glory here spoken of . There was no glory , in the first Epiphany , and appearing of Christ . It was no glory for the Creator to become a creature , for the Lord , to become a servant ; for the Word to become an Infant . He was our joy , and yet he sorrowed ; he was our strength , and yet he was weakned : he was our confidence , and yet he seared : he was our Saviour , and yet he suffered : he was our life , and yet he died . There was no glory in that . He came to be minor Patre , less then his Father : but that is not all , yet he might have become a glorious creature , as the Angels are glorious creatures . No , it was less then thus ; he was a little lower then the Angels , in that he was made man. But in that he suffered , he was a great deal less then a man : he was a little less then an Angel , in that he was made man , but in that he suffered , he was a great deal less then a man. For what was he ? hark what David faith in his person , I am a worm and no man , the very off-scouring of men , the out-cast of the people : there was no glory in his first appearing . But now his second appearing shall be in glory , it shall be every way glorious . First , his Person glorious . And then his Throne glorious , he shall come and sit upon the throne of his glory . And then his attendants glorious , the Angels , thousand thousands ministring to him , ten thousand thousands standing before him , and all glorious . Again , his administration of justice shall be glorious : for if he got himself glory on Pharaoh when he drowned him in the Sea. What glory will he get when he shall throw the Divel , and wicked men into hell fire ? there is glory in his administration of justice . Then glory in his Saints , as the Apostle , I Thes . 1.10 . faith , that God shall be marvellous glorious in his Saints . For when Christ that is our glory shall appear , then we also shall appear with him in glory . Here is the glorious Epiphany of Christ , a glorious appearing . But of whom ? The great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . Some there are that would make these two , to be two persons . The great God , say they , that is God the Father ; and our Lord Jesus Christ , that is , God the Son. Thus the Arrians ; thus the Semi-Arrians ; and thus ( which I wonder at ) Erasmus , and thus some others . But first of all , you never find in the New Testament of the Epiphany of God the Father : that same glorious Epiphany is ever of the Son. Then the Greek makes it plain me-thinks : for had there been two persons , the Apostle should have said thus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , there should have been two Articles ; but here is but one Article : it is apparant to them that understand the Greek , it is but one Person ; that same person is the mighty God , the great God , and the Saviour Jesus Christ . The great God. First , Christ is God. I need not stand to prove that now , among you . And that same incommunicable Name of Jehovah , by which I find him called in Scripture , and those incommunicable properties of the Divine Nature . Immortality . Immutability . Immensity . Omnipotency . Omniscience , which are all ascribed to Christ . And then those names that are proper only to God , as , The Creator , The Governour , of the World. And then the worship that is due to God alone , is given to Christ in the Scriptures , ipsius est , solus est ; all these being given to him , prove him to be God. And lest you should think he is God now , by participation of the Divine Essence , in which sence the Angels are called Elohim . Or as Majestrates are Gods by representation : you shall find by what Epithites he is called God. The true God , 1. Ioh. The mighty God , Isa . 9.6 . God blessed for ever , Rom. 9.5 . and here , the great God. And so he is great God ; great , not in bodily bulk , but great in Essence , Great in Majesty , great in power . And this may first be a wondrous comfort to Gods children . Doth thy heart condemn thee ? hark what S. John faith , God is greater then our he art . Again , doth the Divel terrifie thee ? hark what our Lord faith , No man shall be able to take them out of my hand . He is able to keep us to the day of Salvation : a great comfort to Gods people . A great matter of terrour to wicked men , that this Judge shall be the great God : for who is able to stand before him , when he is angry ? Do you remember , when the band of Souldiers came to apprehend him in the Garden ; he said no more , but Ego sum ; it is I faith he , and presently they fell down to the ground : they were beat down with the very breath of his mouth , as a man is sometimes with the wind of a bullet : or as the walls of Jericho , with the found of the trumpets of Rams , horns . The very word Ego sum , it was no more ; they fell all to the ground . Now I may say with that Father , what shall he do when he comes to Judge , that was able to do thus , when he was to be judged ? Quid regnatores patuerit , &c. what shall he do when he comes to reign , that was able to do thus , when he was to die ? But alas , you will say , if he be so great a God , so glorious ; how shall such a poor wretch as I , stand before him ? I confess my self a poor , wretched , and grievous sinner , how shall I stand before him ? Oh , mark here , he that is called the great God , he is called , the Saviour Jesus Christ . Here is the comfort ; he is a Saviour ; he came to work the work of Redemption , He was made like us in all things , sin excepted , that he might be mereiful . And it is wondrous comfortable , that in that very nature he shall be our Judge , in which he stood before the Judge , at the judgement seat of Pilate : God hath appointed a day , faith Saint Paul , in which he will judge the world in righteousness , by whom ? by the man Jesus Christ , Act. 17.31 . O , but what a comfort of comforts is that indeed , I pray mark our Lords words , John 5.27 . God the Father , faith he , hath given all authority to his Son to judge . Why ? Mark his reason , because he is the Son of man. He doth not say , he hath given him power to judge , because he is his Son , but because he is the Son of man. It made sweet Saint Bernard cry out , O verum Patrem misericordia . &c. O true Father of mercies , that wouldest have men judged by man : he hath been a man , and lived ; he knew no sin ; he knew temptation ; he knew what is was to be tempted ; he knows that we are tempted , and he knows that we are but men ; he remembreth that we are but dust . Thus I have gone over the words briefly . There is a general Doctrine to be touched , which I can but touch , in a word it is this ; Every true Christian must so live , as a man that waites , and looks for this blessed hope , at that glorious appearing of the great God , and our Saviour Jesus Christ . The holy men that lived before Christs first Epiphany , his first coming here in the flesh , they are described thus , to be men that looked for that coming . After his coming , Anna the Prophetess , the Scripture faith , she spake of Christ , to all that looked for redemption in Jerusalem , Luke 2.36 . and in verse 25. it is said , that old Simeon , a devout man , and one that looked for the consolation of Israel . And the like is said of Joseph of Aremathea , he was a just man , one that feared God , and looked for the redemption of the people of God : he looked for the kingdom of God. There was looking then . And the Children of God now in the New Testament , they are all described by this , looking for the second coming of Christ . Gods children are still looking for this second coming . Let me give you but a place or two of Scripture . The Apostle saith , Phil. 3.20 . Our conversation is in heaven , from whence we look for the Saviour , saith S. Jude , vers . 21. Keep your selves in the love of God , as men that look for the mercy of God , at that great day , to eternal life . Gird up your loyns , saith our blessed Lord , and let your lights be burning in your hands , that you may be as men that look for the coming of the Bridegroom . Indeed , beloved , if we look into the lives of men , I cannot tell , whether I shall say , they look for his coming or no ; this blessed hope . Wilt thou prophane the sanctified day of rest ? wilt thou blaspheme the great and glorious name of God ? wilt thou wantonly abuse the creatures of God , in drunkenness ? wilt thou lie , and steal , and whore , and yet tell me thou lookest for that blessed hope ? surely thou dost not . If quoth the Apostle , we do look for these things ( in the place named before . ) 2 Pet. 2.14 . Then let us do our diligence , that we may be found of him in peace . If thou do not thy diligence , that when he comes , thou maist be found in peace , never tell me thou lookest for him . There was never time yet for us to lie , and wallow in sin , to think nothing that we do dishonest : there was never time for these things since time was . Surely there is no time for it now . All the dayes since Christ , are called the last dayes ; all of them are the last dayes , since that day of the first Epiphany : but there is a day that will be the last of all those last dayes . And me-thinks it will not be long before that last day of all come : me-thinks I see the day broke already , it is break of day already . Therefore brethren , if you do indeed look for the coming of Christ , for this blessed hope , at his appearing , be diligent , that you may be found of him without spot , in holiness . I have done with the Text. I come now to the occasion at this time . You have brought hither , a dead body of a very good neighbour of ours , and whom I acknowledg , I ever found a kind , and a loving friend . You have brought it here to be laid up in the Grave , in hope of a blessed and joyful resurrection . I need not speak much of his life here : an ancient inhabitant ; When it pleased God to call me first to this place 26. years since , I found him then in the chief office of the Church ; and divers times since he hath been in it : and I have seldome known any more painful , and more industrious , and more honest in those places then he was . We have all known him a man humble in his conversation , just of his word , true in his promises , merciful in his dealing , charitable to the poor , ready to every good work . His life was such a life ; as the Apostle would have ours to be , a life sober , and just , and pious in this present evil world . He lived , and lead a life pious , in regard of God , just in the regard of men , sober in regard of himself ; I can say no lesse of him , and I will say no more of him . I know you desire to hear of his death , and it hath much afflicted my soul , to hear what unjust aspertions have been upon the manner of it . There was a sudden stroak indeed of Gods hand ; and it was in my house , and seeing that it so pleased God , I am glad that it was in my presence and sight , that I might give the better testimony of it . The suddenness of the stroak made him liable to some misconstruction , and hath given many men occasion to passe a very uncharitable , and unchristian verdict of him . I beseech you let me give you a true naked relation how it was . I never knew any men of so peaceable a disposition , but there might be sometimes some difference between them : there was between Abraham , and Lot , between Paul and Barnabas ; and there was between another honest neighbour and him ; both men of a peaceable disposition . They did not desire to go to law ; they desired the matter might be put to Arbitrators ; they chose four honest Gentlemen to take up the matter between them ; they made me as an unworthy Umpire , in case they did not agree . On Thursday last they met , and each of them pleaded their cause . And let me say thus , that if this brother of ours had been judg'd to do any wrong in that cause ; if he had uttered one word of falshood to help his cause , if he had used one word of imprecation , wishing any curse to himself ; then it had been peradventure , a just thing with God , to have taken him at his word . If he had sworn one oath , if he had uttered but one uncharitable word against his neighbour ; if he had shewed but any malice or spleen against him ; if he had been but transported with passion , as a man may easily be in his own cause , we are but men . I say , if he had been but transported with passion ; then peradventure some men might have thought it had been the stroke of divine justice upon him ; but let me tell you , I have the witness of honest Gentlemen that were the arbitrators , and will justifie . First , that his cause was good , and that there was not one word spoken , but was confirmed by honest witnesses present . Then , he used no kind of imprecation in the world ; no , not as I remember , so much as a protestation ; or any asseveration , there was not one oath sworn , either by him , or by others that were present . There was not one uncharitable word spoken by him : there was not any malice , or ranckour , or hatred appeared , either on the one side , or the other between them ; he was no way transported with passion . He did plead his cause , but with that meekness of spirit , with that quietness , with that sweet temper , and that Christian moderation , as more could not be required in any Saint of God. Therefore brethren , let me only tell you thus much , while this was in agitation , I could not perceive that he was moved at any thing ; he was not stirred , he was not earnest in his cause . Till it pleased God to touch him ; and he had some sense and feeling of it : rising from his stool , he sate rubbing of his cheek , or his neck with his handkercheif . He fell upon the neck of a Gentleman that sate close to him , who perceiving that he was not well , asked him how he did ? he was scarsely able to give us an answer , I perceived that he was stricken with the dead palsie . Brethren considering these things that I have told you before ; I beseech you judge not , that you be not judged ; condemn not , that you be not condemned . You owe a duty to the truth , every one of you ; and by that duty that you owe to the truth , I was about to say , I charge you as before God ; but I beseech you as before God , stop the mouths of all them that shall either be forgers , or spreaders of such notorious lies : though it pleased God it were by a sudden stroak of his hand ; and how often hath he done it , when men have been worse busied ? he was but seeking to work peace . Though it pleased God suddenly to take his speech from him , yet I beseech you know this withall , he was pleased not to take his life presently away ; nor his understanding from him : from Thursday about four of the clock that he was first stricken , he lived till Saturday night , or Sunday morning , I know not whether : but in this time on Friday night I was with him , and I perceived by the lifting up of his hand that he knew me ; I put him in mind of some gracious promises that God hath made to us in Christ . I asked him whether he beleeved those promises of God , and whether he found any comfort in those promises , and then he lift up his hand . I asked him , and desired him , if he found any assurance of Gods favour in Christ , to make the same signe ; he lift up his hand again . I asked him if I should pray with him ; he desired it , and at the period of every Petition , his hand went up to God. And one thing I observed more , that in one petition of mine , in that prayer for him , that it would please God to deliver him from the malice of Satan , that would be most busie when we are weakest ; he held up his hand higher then before , and continued holding it longer . And blessed be our good God , that we can hold and keep an intelligence with him , not only by speech , but with our very hands : that lifting up of the hand , and those groans of his spirit , I make no doubt , but they prevailed at the hands of God. And so as he lived , I make no question but he died , a holy servant of God : and I hope his soul is now in heaven , and we are come to lay up his body in the earth , in the hope of a blessed , and joyful Resurrection . LIFES APPARITION : AND MANS DISSOLUTION . SERMON XXV . JAMES 4.14 . For what is your Life ? it is even a vapour that appeareth for a little while , and then vanisheth away . THere are two main things to which the corrupt nature of man is subject and obnoxious ; rash judgement , and vain confidence ; both spring out of one root , and that is Pride ; where Pride possesseth the heart , it will make a man rash in the judging of others , and presume vainly , and confidently upon himself ; At all these evils the Apostle strikes here in this Chapter , both Mother and Daughter : both root and branch . To take heed of Pride , that is the Mother sin ; he exhorteth us to thankfulness : where instead of waxing proud of our selves , he would have us humble our selves ; and he brings this argument to perswade us , because they that humble themselves , God will exalt . The only way to be exalted , is to be humble ; he compares the state of man , ( in respect of his future condition ) to a pair of Balances that are hung on a beam , the lower the one balance is down , the higher the other is up ; the lower we humble our selves in this life , the higher God will exalt us in the next . The two main evils which are the branches of this root , the Apostle reproves in the eleventh Verse . First , rash judging of others , the fault of those that are apt to speak evil of others ; Speak not evil one of another , saith the Apostle . That that commonly we call the sin of Detraction , Aquinas saith , we are guilty of two wayes , either reporting of another that evill we should not , or in not reporting of him that good we should ; in the one we offend , when we do either accuse him of that ill that he is not guilty of at all , or aggravate against him that ill that he is guilty of , making it appear greater than it is ; in the other we are guilty , when we do cut off all the good parts in a man , as if they were nothing at all , at least when we extenuate that worth and goodness that is in him , making it appear less than it is . From this the Apostle disswades us by three Arguments ; First , because they that do this , they do wrong the Law ; He that speaks evill of another , speaks evill of the Law ; for the Law would have us love . Secondly , they that do this , they do wrong God , they take Gods office out of his hands , when they take upon them to judge others : for he is the only Judge , and none else ; for he is the only Law-giver , that is able to save us , and to destroy us . Thirdly and lastly , they wrong their Brethren , when they censure and judge their Brethren beyond their Commission , they take upon them more than they have Authority ; as if he should say , you exceed your Commission in this , you take that upon you , that you have no warrant for : Thus against the rash judging of others . Then against vain-confidence in our selves , this the Apostle strikes at too : at a confidence out of which a man prefixeth unto himself , what he will do this day , and to morrow , what he will do this year , and the next year ; what he will buy , and sell , and gain . Go to now ( saith the Apostle ) you that say thus among your selves , to morrow you will go to such a City , and tarry there a year , and buy and sell , and get gain ; This is a foolish confidence , and the Apostle endeavours to reprove , and suppress it , By way of Correction . By way of Direction . His Correction is drawn , first from the ignorance of the persons that make such accounts as these ; you say you will do thus and thus to morrow , you shew your ignorance ; you know not what shall be to morrow . Secondly , by the uncertainty of the thing they reckon upon , then which nothing is more uncertain , nothing so uncertain as that is , therefore it is not to be reckoned upon ; Consider ( saith the Apostle ) what is your life ; you talk of doing this and that to morrow ; What is your life ? it is even a vapour that appeareth for a little while , and then vanisheth away . His directing Argument is in the next verse , where he teacheth us how we should speak of things future , and things present . Of things future , not to speak too peremptorily of them , but with condition , If we live , and if God will. And then for things present , not to rejoyce boastingly in them , for there is nothing here to be boasted of , or rejoyced in . The thing that I have selected for this present time and occasion to discourse upon , is only that argument of the Apostle , wherein the shortness and uncertainty of our life is represented : the Apostle sets it forth to us by way of Question , and Answer ; First , he puts the Question , What is your life ? as if he should say , it is a thing not worthy the reckoning of ; Build upon nothing to be done to morrow , upon so vain a foundation as that is : and to shew the uncertainty of our life , he comparatively describes it , and sets it forth , he saith , It is like a vapour that appeareth for a little while , and vanisheth away . According to the method that the Apostle hath laid down , so shall my Discourse go on ; and first I will say something of the question he layeth down : And then I will say something of the words of the Text. First , to let us see what a poor uncertain thing we trust to , when we build upon life , the Apostle throws out this question , Your life , ( saith he ) What is your life ? Where first the Apostles phrase he speaks in is worthy to be observed , your life , not ours : yours that make such accounts and reckonings as these , promise to your selves what you will do in following your worldly business , and increase your worldly gain ; What is your life ? The life of Worldlings the Apostle would secretly tax , as some Expositers collect , noting a difference and disparity between Christians in their wayes , and Worldlings in theirs ; Worldlings are altogether for this Life , and the things of this Life , they never dream of any other to come ; Post mortem nihil , &c. as the Epicure in the Poet. Death that is an anihilation , and after death there comes nothing ; Therefore all their projects and practices draw downwards , they project for a worldly Life , their buyings and sellings , and markettings , and profits ; these are the things they mind and seek after , all the thought of their hearts are bent upon these cares , all the dayes of their Lives are spent upon these things : but there is another manner of Life that Christians look for : There is a life hid with Christ in God ; they know there is another Life to come after this , therefore their hearts are set upon other manner of objects . They are not such as have their affections set upon the World , they make not account of themselves as men of this World. Plato being asked the question what Country-man he was , he said , he was a Citizen of the World ; a Christian is not so , he is no Citizen of the World , but a Citizen of Heaven ; therefore it is said , We have our conversation in Heaven , Phil. 3.10 . The Greek word properly signifieth Citizens , or Burgesses ; therefore Saint Jerome in his Epitaph upon Neapotian renders it so ; and Beza pertinent to the sense , though not proper to the Text , We carry and behave our selves like Citizens , or Burgesses , or Free-men of Heaven ; they have all their affections 〈◊〉 all their thoughts and desires bent that way : if they can obtain that , they have as much as they desire to crown their wishes withall : they care for no other buying but of the truth ; they fear not selling but of their Souls , they wish no gain but Heaven . And indeed this Life doth only deserve to be called a Life : this Life which the Saints , which Christians live : the Life that they live to God ; and this Life is that that must prepare them for a better Life , the life in Heaven . Of any other Life but this , we may ask the question in the words of the Apostle , What is it ? what is it ? It deserves not so much as the name ( as he saith ) though in name it be a life , indeed it is a death ; but pretermit the disparity and difference between lives ; some are comparatively , and other simply considered . The Life simply considered is the subject of the Apostles question , What is your life ? Questions alway in the Scripture are emphatical , whether they tend to magnifie and advance , or to the villifying and abasing of what they aim at ; this here is most emphatical , to shew us how poor and base a thing Life is , like that question in Job , to shew how poor and base a thing man is , Job 7.17 . Lord , what is man , that thou art mindful of him , or settest thy heart upon him ? So David , Psalm 8.4 . Lord , what is man , that thou art mindful of him , or the son of man , that thou desirest him ? He shews how poor and base a thing man is : and he himself gives the answer to it , Psalm 114.6 . Man is like to vanity ? Nay , more plainly in Psalm 39.6 . Surely man is vanity ; nay , surely ( saith the Prophet ) man in his best estate is altogether vanity . What could have been more emphatically spoken ? there is not a word there but it hath its force ; Man is vanity ; Every man is vanity ; Every man in his best estate is vanity ; Every man in his best estate , is altogether vanity ; and then there is a word of asseveration by which he seals and buckles up all ; Surely , every man in his best estate , is altogether vanity . If the Apostle had but barely and nakedly said what he had to say concerning the uncertainty and shortness of mans life , it had been sufficient if he had said thus : Your life is a vapour that appears for a little while , &c. but he fetcheth it in with a Quere , he puts it to a question , as if he would demur , and have us to pause and consider of it , he brings it in with a , What is your life ? By the Apostles leave we may be bold to quit another question with him , what the Apostle means to express it thus ? Surely it is to inculcate that into us more throughly , and to make us pause upon that more seriously : such questious as these make a great stop in a mans way , as Amaza's body in 2 Sam. 12.12 . it stopped the passage of the people , that they could not get forwards ; so the interposing of such questions as these , make a stop in our wayes and proceedings ; they make us take new thoughts and think again , they make us enter into new cogitations , whether it be better for us in that we are doing to persist , or to break off . Let the consideration of it teach us wisedome , especially in perusing , and foreknowing of our worldly business , when we are about it , let us ponder and pause , and suppose , and put the question , whether do I well to do thus ? or what is it that I thus eagerly pursue ? what is it that I seek after ? Is it honour that I am ambitious of ? why what is our honour but a breath ? a height that many are raised to , out of favour rather then desert ? like Phaetons Chariot , or Icarus Plumes , a Pinacle of honour , upon which he that stands must expect advancement , or ruin ; to some it is a cloud of smoak , that the higher it mounts , the sooner it dies . Is it riches that we set our hearts upon ? let us ask the question what is riches , but thick clay ? as Habakuk tearms it , red and white earth , as Bernard faith , or the baggage of the earth , as another expresseth it ; as baggage is to the Army , so is riches to men , it cannot well be left behind , but alwayes hinders the march , and sometime loseth the battel ; in the getting of them there is a great deal of labour , in the keeping of them a great deal of care , and in the foregoing of them , a great deal of sorrow ; a man may have them and not be happy , a man may want them , and yet be contented . Is it pleasure , we are in love with , and dote upon ? let us ask the question , what is pleasure ? as a rose senced with thorns , as a honey combe filled with stings ; there is sweetness you will say , but it is very dangerous ; forward it casts smiles , but backward it throwes darts ; that joy is like the cracking of thorns ; when it goes out , it is as the snuff of a candle , there is a great deal of bitterness , sometimes in the greatest joy we have . Lastly , is it life we build upon ? ask what is your life ? the Text answers that , It is a vapour that appears for a little while , and then vanisheth away . If we could thus ponder , and pause , with serious meditations upon those worldly businesses , that we so eagerly pursue ; and put these questions to our selves in the pursuing of them ; Beloved , they would peradventure help us so far to see into the vanity and vexation of them , as that the edge and heat of our desires would be abated and pulled down . I have done with the Question the Apostle propounds ; What is your life ? Now I come to the words of the answer ; It is even a vapour that appeareth , &c. Wherein the shortness and uncertainty of our life is set forth ; in the description of it observe two things ; First , what . Secondly wherein . First , what it is compared to : A vapour . Secondly , wherein it is compared to a vapour : In two things . The shortness of abiding . The suddenness of departing . First the shortness of abiding , a vapour , that appeareth for a while . Where first observe , that the Apostle faith it appears only ; he saith not it is , but it appeareth so ; it rather appears , then is any matter of substance . And then this appearing is but short , for a little while , it tarries not . And then the suddenness of the departure , as the abiding is but short , so the departure of it is sudden , it is gone ere we are aware ; and when it is gone , we know not what is become of it ; there is not so much as any print or memory of it left . To what our life is compared , that is the first point I am to speak of , it t s compared to a vapour . If the Apostle had given no answer at all to the question he puts , we might have imagined his meaning ; and from other places of Scripture have abundantly supplyed it . How many times and places of Scripture sets forth the shortness , and uncertainty of our life , by sundry similitudes and comparisons ? sometimes it is compared to a dream , sometimes to a span , sometimes to a shadow , sometimes to a weavers shuttle ; sometimes to a swift post ; sometimes to a short race ; sometimes to a watch in the night ; sometimes to a flower in the field ; sometime to a tale that is told . All these are significant expressions , to shew the shortness and uncertainty of life ; so that from other places of Scripture we might answer the Apostles question , though he had said nothing ; but his own answer expresseth it fitly and fully , by a pregnant , and pertinent resembling it to a vapour . The Philosophers observe differences between vapours and exhalations , though both are drawn from the earth yet the matter of an exhalation is moist and hot ; the matter of vapours moist and cold : Exhalations rise from the superficies of the earth ; Vapours lie in the earth : exhalations continue longer , vapours shorter ; but I need not stand upon Philosophical distinctions , your life is a vapour . Observe how the resemblance holds between the one and the other . First , a vapour is nothing but a breath , therefore it is called so , of a word that signifieth , blowing or a breath , or nothing but smoak , therefore Act. 2. it is called a vapour of smoak ; and such is our life , a vapour , because breath is nothing but the breath of life ; So Moses called it in Gen. 2.7 . and when a man dies , it is said his breath departs from him ; Therefore the Prophet Isaiah , he brings it as an argument , to shew what a vain thing it is for a man to trust upon one , that hath no more hold of his life then so ; Cease from man , whose breath is in his nostrils ; what account is to be made of him , yea , it is even as smoak , his dayes pass , and vanish away as smoak . Secondly , vapours are ingendered in the earth , and they lodge in the caverns , and hollow places of the earth ; that is their mansion house , where they have their being , such a vapour is our life ; for this body of ours wherein our life is , it is a body of earth ; Man hath his foundation in the dust , Job 14. and there God hath provided a receptacle and dwelling place , for our life to be received into , and contained ; it is said , when God gave it Adam first , he blew it into his nostrils , there he made a lodging for it ; therefore man is said to have his breath in his nostrils , in regard of which there is no trust to be given to him , nor no account to be made of him . Thirdly , Vapours are drawn out of the earth by the Sun into the ayr , some to higher regions then others are ; yet when they are all at their highest , they have no fixing nor setling , but are carryed , and agitated , and tossed by the winds , till at last they be dissolved in showers , and dewes , and fall back to the earth ; so it is with our life , we come all at the first as vapours out of the earth , and there we have suns that draw us up , the favour of Princes peradventure , or great persons , some to higher regions then others ; some are drawn to high places of honour , but when they are there , they have no setling no fixing , as vapours in the ayr ; they are hurried and tossed , and carried to and fro , from one wind to another , and after a long and restless motion , at last they fall down to the earth again , out of which they were taken . Fourthly , where the earth exhales many vapours , the earth is not so pure and wholsome as other places ; for by experience we find the healthfullest places are in the hilly high Countries , but moarish low grounds have least health , and shortest lives , because of vapours ; our life is a vapour in this respect ; Many ill ayres continually exhaled in our corrupt natures , the world is full of inordinate concupisence , and the Divel poysons every place where he comes ; so that while we live here , we live in a Moarish ground , and full of ill vapours and ayr , and therefore the higher we climb the safer ; as God faith to Lot in another case , when he bid him get him to the Mountains , and there he should be safe ; so if we can get up to the Mountain , the mount Sion , the place and habitation for God , and his blessed Angels for ever , there we shall dwell in safety , for there are no foggs and mists of temptations ; there are no ill ayrs ; there is nothing that favours of sin or misery , either to breed us anoyance , or threaten vexation ; So you see the first thing what it is our life is resembled unto , and how filthy the resemblance holds . The second is , wherein it is compared to a Vapour . In two things ; The shortness of abiding . The suddenness of departing . The shortness of abiding , it appears for a little while . Where first observe , the Apostle useth the word of appearing , it is a thing rather in appearance than in deed ; of shew rather than substance ; such is a Vapour , when it first ariseth , and breaks out of the Earth , it makes a great swelling to the eye , as though it would fill the ayre , and darken the Sun , yet it hath no solidity nor substance with it , but it is a meer empty tumor ; it seems and appears to be something , but really it is nothing ; And such is our life , it is rather a life in appearance than indeed ; and therefore Saint Austin knew not whether to call it a living death , or a dying life ; for truly it is another manner of thing that deserves to be called Life ; only that deserves to be called so by which the Soul lives to God , and by which the Soul lives hereafter with God ; that is the life of the Soul , this is the life of the body ; that is the life of Faith , The life that I live is by Faith in the Son of God ; He calls not that life by which the body is united to the soul , but that he calls Life whereby the Soul is united to God ; the Soul may be dead though the body be alive , if it be a stranger to the life of God , Dead in trespasses and sins , it may be dead while it lives , Eph. 5.14 . Awake thou that sleepest , and a rise from the dead , and Christ shall give thee light . He that lives in sin is dead in sin , and the Soul lives when the Body is dead ; therefore that cannot be the true life by which the body breaths , but that by which the Soul subsists ; if the Soul when it is separate from the body may have happiness , and live with God , that deserves truly the name of life ; but if it be a stranger to it , though it live , that Life is a dead life , nay the worst death ; the Scripture calls it the second Death , where though we never die , yet we are ever dying : the Life that we live here , it is rather a thing in appearance than a being . So all these things that belong to this life , all the joyes , and all the sorrows of it , they are rather appearing joyes , and appearing sorrows , than true joyes , and true sorrows . Consider first the joyes of our Life , they are not sound and true , but false and vain joyes , if any wicked or ill thing be the object of joy , as it is of too too many , they rejoyce in doing wickedly , that is a false joy , they rejoyce in that they should sorrow and mourn for : and not only wicked and unlawful , but worldly outward things , such as we may rejoyce in , honours , pleasures , riches , and friends ; yet these being well examined , there is no solid true joy , but a vain joy in them , for they afford no rejoycing to the Soul ; it is only matters of spiritual joy , the joy in the Holy Ghost that the Soul rejoyceth in , and with that joy the Soul is ravished , though it be bereft of other ; as again , the Soul may be overcome with spiritual sorrow , though there be abundance of outward joy presented to it , Prov. 13.14 . our joyes are but appearing joyes . Consider our sorrows , and they are but appearing too , whether it be loss of comfort that we sorrow for , or sense of pain , being rightly examined , we shall find that they be rather shews than true griefs , for there is nothing can bring true grief upon the Soul , but only the pain of sin ; nor no loss can bring any true sorrow upon the Soul , but the loss of Gods favour : sorrow bestowed upon other things , it is but counterfeit sorrow in comparison of this , therefore in Heb. 12.11 . the Apostle faith , that the chastisements that we suffer here , they seem grievous , and not joyous ; they seem grievous , as if all that we suffered here were rather seeming than real ; and undoubtedly the Apostle said right , for whatsoever chastisement a man hath here , he may possible have more matter of joy than of sorrow ; to the same purpose the Apostle , 2 Cor. 9.6 . where he describes the afflicted estate of the Saints ( as God knows they are subject to many afflictions ) he doth it with an , As it were , because he would vilifie the terror of it , and not grant their condition so miserable as it appears , as it were dying , as it were wanting , as it were sorrowing ; it is but as it were such as they were not : so in Isai . 29.8 . the Prophet there tells us how it is with a hungry man , and with a thirsty man , when he dreams , he dreams he eats , and he dreams he drinks ; But it is only the fancy of a dream , he finds it quite otherwise , he finds his stomack as empty as his hand , so it is with our life here , it is no better then a waking dream ; where we seem to do what is done , and we seem to be what we are : Saith the Poet , what is one , and what is another ? Man is like a shadow of a dream ; he that seems something now , anon he falls and comes to nothing ; and he that seems nothing now , anon he riseth and comes to something . Thus you see that all that ever we have here , it is but only seeming , it is not real , whether they be our joyes , or our sorrowes , they are but seeming joyes , and seeming sorrows ; yet again this appearing , and seeming life of ours it indures ( faith the Apostle ) but a little while . Indeed vapours last not long , for the first matter they are made of , affords not them any continuance ; and besides that , they are easily dispelled and dispersed by the Sun ; such a vapour is our life . Out of the same Argument you may see that our life can continue but for a while , it cannot last long . First , it is but a breath , as a vapour is . Again as vapours are apt to be dispersed , and dispelled easily by the hot Sun , and the cold wind , so hot and cold diseases , and insinite sort of other casualties are easily apt to dissipate it ; it is true , some vapours hang longer in the ayr then others , so this vapour of life it may keep longer residence in some bodies then in others , but when it is longest , it is but a little while ; David determins the date of it within the tearm of 80. years : the strength and vigour of it in the opinion of the Philosopher is of less continuance ; the mind decayes at 45. years , and the body decayes at 35. If we compare the life of man with other creatures , then we will say it is but a while : the Raven , the Elephant , the Stag , they out-live man double and treble . If you compare it with the life of the world , then you will confess it is but a little while , for the world hath continued and lasted some thousands of years , and there is not one man of ten thousand that holds to a hundred . If we compare the continuance of this present age , to ages that are past , you will confess it is but a-while ; in former ages men lived some two hundred , some four hundred , some five hundred , some nine hundred years ; now , more die before ten , then after sixty so that if once our life were said to be but the breadth of a hand , now I may say our life is but a singers breadth . If we compare it with eternity , I am sure you will say it lasts but a while ; for eternity cannot be measured with any revolution of dayes , or months , or nights , or years ; therefore in comparison of that , the life of man is but a vapour , and a vapour that endures for a little while . I need not insist to prove this point , the truth of it is confirmed every day , I will only give you the use of it . First , is it so , that the life that we lead , is rather a seeming , appearing , then a real life ; then learn not to be deluded with shewes , and appearances , not too much to be taken with the joyes of this life , they are but appearances , and the sorrowes of this life , they are but shewes ; we codemn fools that are taken with shewes , and not with substances ; as the Poet faith of Ixion , when he thought he embraced a goddess , he embraced a cloud ; we embrace a cloud , when we think we embrace any good thing of this life ; the world deludes us , as Michal did Saul , when he thought he had found David , he found nothing but an Image of David , and a pillow of goats heir ; so what good things the world promiseth , they are not good things , but the image of good things ; honour is but the image of honour , they are only truly hon ourable that God honoureth , and such honour the world cannot bestow ; she promiseth riches , but they are but the image of riches ; they are only truly rich , that are rich in God , and the world cannot bestow that ; she promiseth pleasure , it is but the image of pleasure ; pleasure is only in the presence of God , at his right hand for ever more , and such pleasure the world cannot give ; she promiseth life , but it is but the image of life ; that is only the true life whereby the soul lives unto God , and hereafter with God , and such a life as this the world is not able to give . Therefore let us not dote upon the world and worldly things , but learn as the Apostle exhorts , Col. 3.2 . To set our affections on things above ; those are the only real good things , these are but imaginary . In the second place , this appearing life of ours , it lasts but a little while ; this may afford to us comfort , and instruction ; first comfort to those , whose life here is full of troubles and sorrows : the shorter time they have to endure , the more patient they may be in enduring of it ; nay , there is no greater blessing for those that live here wretchedly and miserably , then the abreviating and shortning their dayes ; Why is light given to them that are in misery , ( faith Job ) and the life of them is bitter to their soul , they long for death , and desire it , and dig for it , more then for treasure ; and rejoyce and are exceeding glad when they find the grave . As the misery of our life may be the more easie , considering the shortness of it , so the shortness of our life may be the less grievous , considering the misery of it ; for if God should lengthen out many mens lives , what would it be but a lengthening of their misery . But our life it is but a little while , therefore let us endure it with comfort . And as it serves for comfort , so for instruction ; for if the life we live in here be but for a little while ; then learn to bestow this little time of life that we spend here , as profitably , and as faithfully as we can , both for the receiving and doing of good . Thou that livest now under a good Magistrate , under a good Minister , under a good Father , under a good Master , gain all the good thou canst now , for peradventure they shall live ; nay , certainly they shall live but a little while ; and when their life is once quenched , thou kmowest not what light thou maist have to walk by . And for our selves , since our life is but a while , let us be careful to do all the good we can , be stirring betimes , while we have opportunity , let us do good to all . It is the madness of the Epicures , because they shall live but a while , they will live only to themselves ; Let us eat and drink , because we shall die to morrow ; and that is the reason ; they die as beasts , because they care not to live as men . When they sing out their first canto , we will fill our selves with pleasure , the burden of the song must be , that we have wearied our selves with sin . And it is the folly of the Mammonists , considering that they have not long to live , to put off the doing of all good till they die , whereas the rule of Christ is , to work while we have day , for shortly the night will come , when no man can work ; They contrary put off all their work till night ; all the day their charity sleeps , and doth nothing ; as one said wittily , that that men give then they give of other bodies then their own , for they give that that they can keep no longer , and though it be said to be given by their Will and Deed , it is rather their Deed then their Will , for if they could have their will , it should never be their Deed , they would rather be possessors of it themselves , then that others should be their Executors , but be exhorted to do works of charity , and other good works , while you have time , while you may make your own eyes your overseers , and your own hands your executors , while you have oppertunity do good to your selves , and others , and the rather , because you know not how long opportunity will be afforded , or took from you ; For what is your life , it is even a vapour that appeareth for a little while . Thus of the first circumstance , wherein the resemblance consists , the shortness of abiding . The next is the suddenness of departing , It appears for a while , and then vanisheth away . And here my discourse must be like a vapour , short , it suddenly vanisheth away , that is the nature of a vapour , for as there is no matter to give it a fixed foundation ; so when it appeareth for a little , it soon dissolveth and vanisheth away to nothing ; and such a vapour is the life of man , it is gone suddenly , it is gone before we are aware , and when it is gone , there is no memory of it remains , no print of it ; how suddenly and quickly , in a moment , in the twinckling of an eye have many been deprived , both of breath and life , as one would put out a candle , or tread out a snuff . It is true , sickness is one common Bayliff that arrests men at the suit of Death , but many a one hath been made the prisoner of Death , that was never arrested at the suit of Death ; yea know Abel was murthered in the field ; Eli broak his neck from the chair ; Absalom was snatched up in an Oke ; the disobedient Prophet was slain by a Lyon ; the disobedient Prince was trodden to death in a crowd ; Abimelech was slain by a peece of a milstone ; Pope Adrian was choaked with swallowing a flie ; Pelus slain with a fall of a tile . Such is our life as a vapour , as the sand of an hour-glass , ever spending , and ever running out ; as Gregory hath it in his Morals , Look how many dayes a man adds to his life , so many steps he takes to his death ; So Jeremie to Heliodorus , we are ever dying , for we every day change ; when I am writing this , all the points of my pen spends a point of my life ; nay , while we are hearing this Sermon , we are passing on . I will make a little Use of it , and then I have done . First , make the Use the Apostle doth to them that build upon futurity , and think they may do what they list ; you that think you will do to day , and to morrow , what you list . Oh , faith the Apostle , what reason have you to build on to day , and to morrow , when ye know not what a day will bring forth ? We may not promise our selves life for to morrow , much less may we do as the fool in the Gospel , promise years , when we cannot assure our selves of a moment of life , if we might assure our selves of a moment of life , in which it might be said , it were impossible to die , we might possibly be immortal , and not die at all , but as Ambrose faith , corruptible , is not so capable of incorruption , but since it hath been subject to fall , till it doth fall , it is ever declining ; there is no building nor trusting to uncertain futurity , we must not rest , and trust on those things which are to come , but only upon God , and speak conditionally of them , not absolutely ; refer the success and disposing of all things to come , to the will and good pleasure of God , remembring what our life is , so make less accompt of our life , and of our selves and all . Secondly , seeing our life is so vanishing , let us ever prepare for death , for sudden death , because life is vanishing ; Thou knowest not in what hour thy master will come ; Therefore every hour we should so bestow our selves , that our Master may find us at work . For this , two things are requisite ; First , ever think of death , death cannot be sudden to that man , that ever thinks of it . Secondly , be careful to lead a godly life ; the goodness of the life consists not in the long continuance of it , but in the well imploying of it , it may be any mans case to live well , it can be no mans to live long ; our comfort is , though our life be momentary , yet notwithstanding this very moment of time , is enough to gain to us here-after eternity , and how much better is a short time well spent , for the purchasing of eternal happiness , then a short time ill spent , for the purchasing of eternal misery ? your life is momentary , yet eternity depends on it , if it be spent ill , eternal misery , if well we are eternally happy : howsoever here we vanish as a vapour ; yet one day we shall become as fixed starrs in the right hand of Christ , we shall shine as starrs for ever . Thus I have shewed how the life of man is compared to a vapour that appears for a little while , and then vanisheth away . Beloved , I pray let not this Sermon pass as a vapour , let not all of it pass away , in the found you here , but fix it as a nail in a sure place , in your understanding , in your memory , in your affections ; and remember how short and sudden every mans end and life is , or may be ; O that my people were wise , they would understand this , they would consider their latter end . We have a spectacle here before us , that was a real comment upon this Text ; She did understand the Doctrine of it , and was excellent in the practice of it ; A Gentlewoman that deserved a better Orator to commemorate the vertues that were in her , and to give her praises due ; it had been a fitter work for your reverend and worthy Minister , whose absence at this time I supply , he could have spoken more fully of her then I can , because he was acquainted longer with her then I was ; I account it a part of my unhappiness , that I knew her so little a while , and peradventure you will say it is a part of her unhappiness , that this office is done by one that knew her so little a while ; It is true indeed , I am not able to say much of her , for my knowledge of her was but a few weeks or months , by reason of our neighbour-hood in the Country , but then I observed her to be one of the ornaments of her sex , and every thing that came from her was graceful and comely ; the sweetness of nature and grace , in my opinion concurred in her ; But I must deliver the most that I have to say , from the report that I have from others , yet from very good hands . Solomon faith , A good name , is as a good oyntment poured forth , like the precious Alablaster-box that Mary broke on the head of our Saviour , the smell of it perfumed all the house ; I may say of her , as the Apostle faith of Demetrius , She was well reported of by all , and I am perswaded she was reported well of the truth it self , she had a name answerable to her vertues ; Solomon faith , A prudent wife , or a good wife , is the gift of God ; she was a Theodosia , that was her name , The gift of God ; and a gift God bestowed to the comfort of him that had her . She was constant both in the performance of publike duties and private , in hearing Gods word , not only on the Lords day , but ( as occasion gave leave ) on the week-dayes , and she was not only constant at good exercises abroad , but ( which was the crown of her commendations ) she was so at home also , she was constant in reading the Word ; I am credibly informed , that she read over the Bible seven times in the seven years that she was married ; she constantly made use of that she heard , I my self saw no less then two quires of paper writ out with her own hand , collected partly out of other books , out principally out of Sermons , not noted at Church , when she heard them , but when she came home , being in this like Mary that laied up the sayings of Christ in her heart ; her daily spending of her time was commendable , and exemplary ; in the morning up to prayer with her family , and then unto private prayer by her self : from prayer to reading , and then to work ; and then to prayer , and to dinner , and then to work ; this was her continual course of life without interruption . She was a Sarah for obedience , Rebecca for wisedome , Mary for piety , Martha for houswifery , a true Lydea , she heard , and God opened her heart , that she attended to those things she heard . A true Dorcas , full of good works ; they that knew her , knew her ( so far as wisedome and discretion dictated to her ) full of charity , of good works , and almes-deeds . But her life was a vapour that appeared for a little while , and then vanisheth away . She verified my Text too truly , in that it pleased God suddenly to call her , even in the prime and strength of her years , she was but a young woman , and she dyed in Child-bed . You that are Child-bearing women , I wish you to set this pattern and example before your eyes , and learn by this spectacle to see how neer you walk to the brink of your grave , when you come to be delivered of child ; I wonder therefore by the way , that any should find fault with that solemn thanks-giving , that is appointed by the Church to be rendred to God for women , for his preserving them from the great danger of Child-birth ; there is but a step between you and death , you should then have a care to prepare for your death ; I see a great deal of time spent to prepare all brave and fine . God may quickly turn all your chambers , and hang them with black , and turn your jollity into mourning ; therefore you shall rather prepare for your winding-sheet , and for your grave ; for undoubtedly she did so : and I may in some sence apply that litterally of the Apostle to her ; In bearing of children she is saved . It is true , the Apostle gives that as an argument of comfort to women , because before he had preached obedience to them , a doctrin that they do not well relish , yet he gives two reasons , because Adam was first made , and she first sinned , that is another reason ; yet lest she should be too much discouraged with that of the Apostle , and because the pain of child-bearing was threatned to women for a part of their curse ; the Apostle adds that as a comfort ; In bearing of children they shall be saved . Notwithstanding the pain and sorrow of child-bearing was inflicted as a punishment upon them , yet under that curse there is a way of salvation opened ; if they be such women , saith the Apostle , as , continue in faith and charity , with holiness and sobriety . These vertues being eminent in this dear Christian sister of ours , no doubt but in bearing of children she is saved ; that is , she found under that curse , a way to a blessing , an everlasting blessing of salvation . How she disposed her self in the time of her sickness ; those of the family well know ; truly I have not oft , scarse ever heard of a woman of her rank and quality , ( for she was a woman well descended , and well bred , ) and yet I never heard of a woman more beloved , and more bewayled : her Husband complains of his loss , never man lost a better wife ; all the servants , never any had a better Mistriss ; and all the neighbours , never any had a better neighbour . Concerning her in the time of her sickness , they can give a better , and more particular testimony then I ; I only did one office and service to her , when in the absence of your reverend Pastor , I was called , I visited her an hour or two before she went , when ( God knowes ) she was faint and weak , and able to breath but a few words , but they were sweet ; I told her , I hoped , and doubted not , but that as she had made a Christian profession in her life time , so now she would seal it up : she answered ; I have endeavoured to serve God , but with a great deal of infirmity and weakness , I rest not upon that , I rest upon my evidence , and there is my comfort ; I doubt not , but he that hath given me the evidence , will also give me the inheritance . I think these were the last words she spake . Thus she is gone to her rest , her body to rest , as a prisoner of hope , till the Resurrection , her soul rests in the arms of God ; I have no more to say to her , or of her , then that Christ said to the woman in the Gospel ; Woman , go in peace , thy faith hath saved thee . SAINT PAULS TRUMPET : OR AN ALARM FOR SLEEPY CHRISTIANS . SERMON XXVI . ROM . 13.11 . And that knowing the time , that now it is high time to awake out of sleep . THe holy Apostle in this Chapter he delivers a number of precepts , and general rules for satisfaction , and enforceth them with sundry reasons . Among them all , the words that I have read , they are one principal , both Precept and Reason enforcing it ; Considering the season , it is time that ye arise from sleep . These few words may be called , Saint Pauls Trumpet , to rouze the sluggish Christian . They were the occasion of the conversion of that famous instrument , St. Austin , as he saith in the eighth Book of his Confessions , the last Chapter . He reports , that when the time of his Conversion came near , he was in a marvellous great agony , and conflict , beset with a number of Temptations , whereby Satan would still have detained him in the spiritual sleep he was in : being in this marvellous conflict , he could not but go from his Chamber to his Garden , and there he prostrated himself on his face before the Lord , and earnestly , and ardently called upon God. And in his Prayer ( as himself records ) he seemed that he did hear the voice of a Child speak to him , Tolle , lege : Take up the book and read . Hereupon running back again to his study , his Book being open , the first place that he cast his eye upon was this Verse ; It is now time , considering the season , that you awake ou●… of sleep . And ( saith he ) with the end of the sentence , I found an infused life . He found in the reading of this sentence , as soon as he had read it , the life of grace infused into him , and his conversion was compleat . This place of Scripture hath been famous in the Church , for the conversion of that famous instrument . I would to God ( as we do not despair ) that the Lord would bestow the same blessing among some of us ; who not only hear these words read , but are now to be expounded in your ears . For the understanding of which , we are to inquire of divers things for the meaning of the words . First , we are to inquire what is here meant by sleep ; It is time to awake out of sleep . Secondly , what is meant by arising , or awaking out of sleep . Thirdly , who they be that must arise , or wake out of sleep . Fourthly , and lastly , why the Apostle doth bestow this exhortation upon sleepy persons that cannot hear what he saith ? For the first of these , what is meant by sleep ? Sleep in Scripture is threefold , Natural . Moral . Spiritual . Natural sleep is that spoken of , Psal . 3.5 . I will lay my self down to sleep , and rise again . This natural sleep is the rest , and restitution of nature . Moral sleep , is natural death ; this is the death , and dissolution of nature , of which the Scripture speaketh , Dan. 12.2 . They that sleep in the dust , shall rise again . And Act. 7. ult . When Steven had spoken these words , he fell asleep ; that is , he died . Spiritual sleep , it is the sleep of sin , and security : this is the death and privation of grace in the soul ; as the other is the privation of life in the body : of this our Text speaketh ; It is time to arise , or awake out of this sleep ; the sleep of sin , and security . Now the state of sin and security , is compared here to the state of sleep , because there are many resemblances and likenesses between the state of a sinner , and a sleepy man : for what effect sleep hath in the body , the same effect hath the sleep of sin in the soul . I will shew it you in a few instances , and so pass it . First ; They that sleep ( saith the Apostle ) sleep in the night . The same that the Apostle aims at here ; It is time to awake out of sleep : because the night is past . The night is a time to sleep in . So , those that sleep in sin , it is because they are in the night of sin , there is a darkness , the Canopy is spread over them , the Sun of grace , and the day of salvation shines not upon them : their eyes are closed up in darkness , as it is with a sleepy man. Again , when a man goes to sleep , he puts off his cloaths ; he lies naked , exposed to all dangers . And when a man is in the sleep of sin and security , he wants his garments , to be cloathed with Christs righteousness and holiness : he lies naked , exposed , and open to all Gods displeasure , and all the arrowes of Gods wrath . So in Deut. 32. when the Israelites , the people of God , had made a Calfe , Moses came and saw them naked ; that is , destitute of Gods protection , and wanting that garment , that armour of proof , that righteousness that before they had upon them . Again , a man naturally layes himself down willingly to sleep , he is willing to take his rest . So it is in the sleep of sin , every natural man is willing to lay himself down to sleep in sin , to take his ease , and rest in sin ; for there is no man but hath free will to sin , though no man bath free will to good . And again , as sleep it surprizeth a man suddenly oft-times before he is aware , or before he can remember himself where he is , or what he is doing : so the sleep of sin , it oft surprizeth a man before he is aware . As we see in the Disciples of Christ themselves , Mat. 26. bodily sleep surprized them , even then when they intended to watch ; and when Christ appointed them to watch : but the sleep of their minds and souls was much more : for that was not a time to sleep , if they had known what they had been about . Again further , as the sleep of the body binds up the senses , and makes a man sensless of that which is good or evil : he that sleeps , offer him a Kingdom , it moves him not : threaten him , draw a sword , offer a stab him , he stirrs not , he is not sensible ; he is unmoveable : a man that is asleep , where you left him , there you shall find him still . So it is in the sleep of sin , it binds up all the spiritual senses , that a man that is in this sleep , he wants a seeing eye , and a hearing ear , he knows nothing , he sees nothing of God , ( but that which will make him in-excusable : ) he tastes not , he feels not how good God is to him . Offer him the kingdom of heaven , and grace in the means ; it moves him not : threaten him , draw out the sword , the weapons of Gods wrath against him , he fears nothing . As he is insensible in these courses , so he is immovable , look where he was at the first , there shall you find him still , there is no difference : but he is as a dead man , as long as he sleeps thus in sin . To conclude this point : sixtly , the sleep of the body deludes a man with many vain dreams , and foolish conceits , false joyes , and false fears , and false hopes , &c. which are nothing true . So the sleep of sin in the soul , it hath the same effect , it feeds a man up with false joyes , and false hopes : it casts him down with false fear , where no fear is . A man in the state of sin , he fears the face of man , the eye of man , the word of man , the hand of man : he fears not the eye of God , nor the word of God , nor the mighty power of God. So likewise for false joyes , a man that is a beggar , he dreams that he hath gold enough , that he tumbles in it . So beggars in grace , those that have not a rag of righteousness upon them , they dream that they are rich , and encreased in goods , and that they have need of nothing , when they know not that they are poor and beggarly , and naked , as the Church of Laodicea . So this spiritual sleep , it fils a man with false conceits . A man sometime when he goes to sleep , he thinks not to sleep long , but to take a nap , and wake by and by , yet it may be he sleeps beyond his compass , sometime he wakes no more : So , it is with a man in sin , he hopes to wake , he thinks to sleep but a little , but sometime he sleeps long , and sometime he never wakes . So we see how aptly the spirit compares the state of a man in sin to sleep . This is the first thing in the meaning of the words . Now the second thing is , what is meant by waking , or arising out of sleep . To wake , or to rise out of sleep , is for a man to do in the matter of Christianity , as a man that awakes out of sleep . And for a man that wakes out of sleep , there are three things he doth , and so out of the sleep of sin . First , there must be an opening of the eyes , and a beholding of the light . And this is the first thing in awaking out of the sleep of sin and security : a man must labour to open his eyes , to behold the light of Gods word , and that shining grace that the Lord propounds to him in the Scriptures : he must open his eyes to behold the light ; and that will discover such objects as will keep him awake . Therefore men sleep so much in the night , because they are in the dark , and not in the light ; they see objects in the day time that keeps them awake . So for this sleep of sin , if we would keep awake , let us open our eyes to behold the light of grace ; and in the light of the Scriptures we shall see objects that will help to keep us waking : we shall see Gods displeasure , the wrath of God , we shall see those things , that eye cannot see , nor ear hear , nor hath entred into the heart of man. We shall see them in their beginning and degrees ; though the full degree cannot enter into the heart to conceive , and this will help to keep us waking . Then in the next place when a man hath opened his eyes to see the light , then there must be a rouzing of the senses . This awakes a man , when his senses that were bound up by sleep are loosed , that now he is able to see , and to move , and to talk , &c. What unbinds the spiritual senses of a man in this sleep of sin ? only faith in the Son of God , that opens the eyes of them that were dead in sin ; it restore ; new senses , and life , that they are able to walk in the wayes of God , and to move in the actions of godliness and Christianity . Therefore the second thing that a man must doe to awake himself out of sleep , is to get faith in his soul , that he may suck vertue from Christ , and to get his senses loofed that he may see , and taste , and feel the goodness of God , which without Christ he cannot attain . Thirdly , and lastly , a man must get out of his bed , to awake him out of sleep , when his eyes are open and his senses loosed , leap out of the bed ; that is by repentance : this is to cease to do evil . Therefore when the Apostle exhorts to rise out of sleep , these are the three main things the Apostle aims at , wherein he expresseth it plentifully . First , to get the true knowledge of God , to see those objects that may allure , and draw our minds . And then labour to get faith in the Son of God , whereby our senses may be unbound . And then to get out of the bed of sin by repentance , to cease to do evil , and learn to well : this is to awake out of the bed of sleep . Thirdly , who they are that must arise out of sleep ? Every man : for so the Apostle plainly expresseth it , Ephes . 2. Awake thou that sleepest , whosoever thou art that sleepest , awake , and rise out of sleep . But who are they that sleep ? Two sorts of men : all sorts of men may be reduced to two heads ; The Natural Man. The Regenerate Man. And both sleep . The natural man is in a fast , dead sleep ; you shall as soon get a rib out of his side ; ( as God did out of Adam , when he was asleep ) as wake him . You shall sooner drive a nail into his temples , as Jael did to Sisera , then awake him . He is in a fast dead sleep , in the sleep of death : as a man in a Lethargy that never wakes again . Therefore this man had need to arise , to be called upon , and to be rouzed out of the sleep of death : Awake thou that sleepest , stand up from the dead , that Christ may give thee light ; Arise as a man ariseth out of the Grave , out of the bed of sleep . This is the man that is in a dead sleep . But not only these are in a dead sleep , but the regenerate also are in a sleep , and they keep not themselves so waking , and so watchful , as they ought to do : therefore the Apostle applies it to himself , and to all the Saints ; It is time for us to awake out of sleep . He puts himself in the number : For he that is most wakeful had need to be more , and to rise out of sleep still . Cant. 5. It is the voyce of the Church ; I sleep but my heart waketh . Even the Church her self that was waked already in part , in a great part : yet she confessed that she slept . Her sleep was not so dead , and so fast as formerly , yet she slept , and slumbred ; I sleep but my heart waketh . It was not a hearty , a dead sleep as the other was . So in Mat. 25. it is said of the wise virgins , as well as of the foolish , they all slumbred and slept . The foolish slept ; that is , they were fast asleep : the wise virgins they slumbred . And so the Disciples themselves , by the side of our Lord , even when a temptation was neer , and the tempter was upon them , they fell fast asleep , and were not able to watch with Christ , no , not one hour , as Christ saith . Thus we see ( brethren ) that those also that are Regenerate , those that have received the greatest measure of grace , and are in the highest form in grace ( for who was higher then Saint Paul ) they themselves have need to be called out of sleep ; It is time for them to awake out of sleep , though they be waking persons : even those that have received grace to beleeve , and obey , and be watchful in some measure , even these must be called out of sleep . Therefore in Revel . 3.2 . It is the counsel that is given to the Church of Sardis , that had received some grace , and was in some measure watchful : saith the holy Ghost to that Church ; Be awake , and strengthen the things that are ready to die . He tels them in the words before , Thou hast a name to live , but art dead ; that is , thou art even almost dead , there is a little life of grace in thee , thou art almost dead : for so it is explained in the words following : awake and strengthen the things that are ready to die . Thus we see the difference between the calling of the wicked , and the godly in their sleep . The one is called from sleep , to stand up from the daad : the other to streng then the things that are ready to die . And thus we see the persons who must wake . In the next place , Why doth the Apostle call upon sleepers to awake out of sleep ? We see natural men , are as dead men , in a dead sleep , he doth but lose his labour , and spend his breath , they cannot hear and understand . And the godly likewise , it is with them as with a man in a sleep , they are drowsie , and do not much intend what is spoken . To this I answer briefly ; Exhortations in Scripture are never in vain , fall where they will. This voyce of exhortation , if it come upon regenerate men that are awake in part , it is a means to awake them more : it is a means to keep them awake , as it was a means to awake them at the first . If it fall upon wicked men that are in a dead sleep , it serves ( if not to awake them , yet , ) to convince them , to make them inexcusable : for such a man might object , What is this to me ? I am called on to awake , I am in a dead sleep ; can I hear if I be in a dead sleep ? But know this , thou that art in a dead sleep , that art not able to hear , thou art not able to hear , because thou hast cast thy self into a dead sleep . For this is the difference : Suppose a man in the night season be in his first sleep , tell him a message from God , what he would have him to do ; he understands it not , he knows it not : it is no sin of his , because he is a-sleep : because God hath ordained this sleep to be due to nature . But it is not so in the sleep of sin , God doth not cast a man into the sleep of sin ; but man himself , and the divel : therefore if thou have cast thy self into this sleep , that thou know not what God would have done ; it is thy sin , and shall be thy damnation : look to it . The exhortations and precepts fall not in vain , as the rain returns not in vain , either they awake a man more that was awake before ; or they convince him that is not awake : because he is fallen a sleep by his own sin , and the malice of the divel . To come therefore to the Use , and Applicacion . The point thus opened , leads us to the consideration of that woful sleep that oppresseth the world . And then to consider the sleep that oppresseth the Church of God. First , to consider the sleep of the wicked and unregenerate , those that are in the dead sleep of sin . Even as the Prophet observed in his time , so now who doth not see all the world at rest and at peace ? like Lachish that secure people ; a dead people , crying peace , peace , to themselves , and fearing nothing till they be awaked ; there is nothing but security . To shew this in some particular instances , what a number of persons be cast into the dead sleep of sin . First of all Idolaters , whereof there are a numerous generation every where ; they are fast asleep in the bed and bosome of that whore of Babylon , that hath inchanted , and bewitched them with the cup of her fornication . They have laid themselves down to take a nap upon her lap , as Sampson did upon Dalilahs , till they lose their locks , and their life as he did : and all the means that GOD hath used a long time : all the light of grace , the light of knowledge ; all the ministry that hath been so powerful and so plentiful , cannot pull them out of her lap : but the Lord hath threatned , not only Jezahel that whore and strumpet , ( by which he means , that whore of Rome ) but all those that commit fornication with her , to cast them into a bed of sorrow ; he will cast them upon a bed of little ease ; and he will slay her children : The conclusion of this fearful sleep shall be death . Even as Sisera when he slept , the nail was driven into his temples . So likewise a generation of unclean adulterers , they are asleep upon the foul bed of voluptuousness , and uncleanness ; blow a trumpet in their ears , ring a peal of Ordnance against them , that is able to make the stones quake , and the rocks to break asunder ; tell them that whoremongers and adulterers God will judge . Nay , let the world ring a peal of infamy , and shame upon them , follow them with infamy , and reproaches for their sin , yet all this awakes them not : they will scarce open their eyes , except it be in the twilight , as Solomon saith , a little to wait at their neighbours door for his wife or his daughter ; till the Lord also cast them upon the bed of shame , and sorrow , and scorn , and curse , from which they shall never rise . It is a lamentable thing that a mans conscience hearing this , should not apply this to his heart , that he should dare to shut his eyes , and dare still to cast himself on his bed , not thinking what will be the issue of it . And so likewise , a monstrous generation of Drunkards , monsters in nature , for no unreasonable creature so much extinguisheth the gifts of nature as they . These cast themselves upon the bed of vomiting , and filth , that no covering is large enough to hide their shame . Let a man speak to them , and advise and counsel them ; there is no hearing of him in their cups , as Abigail observed in her husband Nabal . Nay , let God speak to them , and pinch them in their bodies , in their strength , in their estates : let the Lord make them feel the smart ; be their dangers never so neer as Solomon describes them notably in Prov. 23. a drunken man is as he that sleeps on the top of a Mast , in the middest of the Sea , in most extream perill , yet , saith he they have smitten me , but I felt it not ; they have beaten me , but I discerned it not ; therefore when he wakes , he will follow his cups still . The like we may say of a number of Sabbath-breakers , that cast themselves upon the bed of prophaneness , and Atheisme : sometimes for form , and fashion , they will come to the Temple perhaps , and listen a little to the word spoken : but presently you shall see and observe them , that they cast themselves fast asleep , as Eutichus , when at midnight Paul was preaching , he falls from the loft , and his life was gone from him . But there is this difference , that was at midnight , these will do it at mid-day . So little have men gained of instruction , and of the knowledge , of the fear of God ; of all that they have heard , that they can scarse keep their eyes , and their ears open , a quarter of the exercise , to hear what God saith to them for their own good . What shall I speak of those unjust , injurious , usurious persons , whose jawes are as knives to cut those that they deal with ? those that use injustice in their weights , in their wares , in their lights ; that use any manner of deceit for the defrauding of their brethren . And these cast themselves upon the bed of their mischief , and solace themselves in their present unjust gains , in getting unjust riches . Let a man speak to these , and tell them their estate out of the Scriptures ; alas they hear not ; deal with them , as we deal with men in a swoon ; rub them , and chafe them , and if that will not serve the turn , pinch them , prick them , and wring them , and make them smart , if it be possible to make them feel : alas , such a man dies in our hands , there is no life to be got in him . All that we can get from such a wretch for our love to him , and our testimony of him , it is some brush or blow . This sensless man layes about him , he knows not upon whom . In one word , when I consider the secure course of a multitude of men amongst whom we live : it seems as if they had found that Cave of sleep which the Poets fain , and speak of , a place very fit for these persons . A Cave of sleep , as they describe it , where never Sun shines : a place far remote from all company : a place where the houses have no doors for fear the hindges should wake them : a place where they suffer no cocks , nor clocks , nor nothing that may hinder them from sleep . And the Generation of men that I speak of , they seem to descend from Severats , a kind of people that are loose , and lazie , and sleepy , and lascivious , that will not endure any Clocks , or any artificers that use tools and hammers to knock , that they should not trouble them . But why do you speak these words they seem strange to us ? But yet truly , your selves shall say they be true in the Application . For first , do we not see most men in general , ( except some few whom the Lord hath taken into his own teaching , ) that they cannot abide the place of the Sun-shine , the place where the Sun of the light of grace shines , they remove themselves from it , they absent themselves upon any occasion , as if a man should set himself to run from the light of the Sun. So likewise do we not see that men cannot abide the society of godly men , of religious men fearing God , that deal truly with them in exhortations , and admonitions , and loving rebukes , &c. They will none of this . So do we not see how ready , and willing natural men are to chase away , ( if it were possible ) all the Lords Cocks , and all his servants , that they might not cry against their sins , that they might not awaken them , nor come neer them . They are set so fast asleep , that they cannot abide any servant of God. And for the ministery of the Law , which Jeremie calls , as a Hammer to break the hard heart , and to knock , and rap the sleepy soul , it is an intollerable thing ; they cannot endure this hammer ; they cannot abide these doggs that bark against their sins : whereas dumb doggs that can neither bark , nor bite , those they can like well enough . Somewhat they would have , they are content with a formal fashion : but these men that speak against their sins , that discover their estate in sin ; these they cannot endure . Now tell me if these men live not in a carnal sleep ? and are found in the Cell , and Cave of darkness , wherein they desire to sleep for ever ? To come from these , in the second place let us consider , that not only these natural men , and worldlings , are cast into a dead sleep ; but would not a man marvel , that even Christians should sometimes be cast a sleep ? Would not a man wonder that the Disciples of Christ that were so neer to the side of their Master , that were following their Masters exhortation in the former Precept that he taught them , that were so neer temptation , that the yoak was even upon their neks ; would not one think it a wonder , that they should not watch one hour with Christ ? Therefore Brethren , let us take notice of our security much more , that are infinitly behind the Disciples in grace : let us rate our selves for the heaviness , and dulness of our hearts . But because we are Baptized , and hear Sermons , &c. we can make no man beleeve that he is asleep . Therefore let us try , and consider , whether those that hear the Word , and are Professors of the life of grace ; those that are already awakened , be not in such a fearful slumber , as may well be called asleep . First of all therefore , this is one mark of a man that is asleep , he hears not , he understands not the things that are spoken to him : so it is a mark of a sleepy heart and conscience , when a man hears not , nor understands the word that he doth hear : when he hears not that which is spoken . It is one Judgement upon wicked men , the Book of God is clasped to them : such a man reads and hears , and discerns not . If the Book be open , his heart is clasped fast , he takes no good by it . And this is not the least part of the misery upon the Saints , that this book is not so open to them , nor they do not so understand it , nor discern that which is in it as they might . We hear the word many of us many times , and we seem to receive it : but yet who is he that may not find in himself , that the sleep and security of his mind and soul , makes him not much to attend and regard it ? that he is not careful and industrious in the keeping and maintaining of that he hears , and the framing himself according to it ? And so it comes to pass that it is with Gods word that we hear , as it is with Physick when it is given to a man that is dead , it works not , or when he sleeps immediately upon it : so when we hear the word of God , and fall into a sleep upon it : into the sleep and sluggishness of earthly cares , the Word is unprofitable , if works not that effect that else it would . Again , a man that sleeps , you shall know it by this , he doth not mind his ordinary business ; he neither troubles his head , nor his hands with it ; his business sleeps with himself : he doth nothing but sleep , while he is asleep he can do nothing else . So hereby we may know our selves to be in a marvellons sleep of sin , when we give not our serious thoughts to God , and to the practice of piety , and godliness : it is an argument of sleep and slumber in us . The mind of man should intend the principal thing for which God hath put us in the world ; when we give not our thoughts to God , and mind not the things of Gods Kingdom , it is a sign we are asleep . When we move not , nor stir not our hands and our feet in the wayes of Gods Commandements as we should , it proceeds from this sleepiness and drowsiness . Whereas would we be wise for our selves , and awake as we should , We should neither be idle , nor unfruitful in the work of the Lord. We should ever be doing somewhat that might glorifie God , and further our own reckoning , But this is a signe of a sleepy person , in the main and principal things , his heart is not upon them , his hands and feet move not in the wayes of God ; he works not to the principal end for which he came into the world . Thirdly , you shall know a sleepy man by this , he knows not of the passing of the time ; but so much time as he sleeps he wastes , it is as the time of death to him ; for what is sleep but the shadow of death . Even so it is with many of us , that profess the teaching of Grace ; Alas , how do we waste time insensibly ? and pass away the time : some deck away the time , some play away the time , dayes , and weeks , and months together , as if time were not made for some other business : as if we had received time for such imployments as these , for our recreations , and sports , and pleasures : and not rather that we might further our Repentance , and our Reckoning , and help the servants of God , and get Oyl in our Lamps , and Faith in our Souls , and patience against the time of trouble , and get assurance of a blessed inheritance , when we shall be turned out hence . Time is given us for these ends ; and yet we ( silly men as we are ) devise pastimes to our selves , as if our life did not pass away , whereas Job saith , it is as a Weavers shuttle . Let us consider Brethren , time will pass that we may improve it , and not waste our time . Fourthly and lastly , to conclude this Point , a man that is addicted immoderately to sleep , you shall know it by this , it destroyes natural heat , and that being destroyed by immoderate sleep , as by a sudden mighty shower , this man grows pursie , and fat , and lazy , he grows idle , and unfit for the exercises of man-hood , or of his Calling , and the like . So it is when a man is immoderately and excessively fast asleep with the cares of this Life , the lusts of his heart , the pleasures of this present world , or whatsoever it is that luls him , and rocks this Cradle ; when he is thus asleep , he grows fat and pursie , his natural heat is gone , he falls from his first zeal , and affection , and desire , and practice . Alas Brethren , we may speak to the shame and sorrow of many ( I doubt that hear me ) that have exchanged their care of godliness ; that have exchanged their seeking of God in the means , with company , with good-fellowship , with Drunkenness . And let the Lords Marriners come to them , and say , Up sleeper , call upon thy God ; why dost thou not do thy first works ? Why art thou lazy ? he grows angry as Jonas was , that thought he did well to be angry to the death . This is the misery of many that live under the teaching of the Gospel ; in the light of the Gospel . This is another mark , and a signe of sleep , when we cannot abide of any thing to be wakened . To draw to a Conclusion : the last Use of this Point , it serves to rouze , and to raise us from this sleep and security ; this slumber that is in the best of us . And know my Brethren , I speak not now to those that are out of the Church , and those that are notoriously wicked , those that are scandalous , and rebellious to good Counsel : but I speak to those that live in the bosom of the Church , those that profess goodness and godliness ; yea , those that are Disciples , and are near the side of Christ : let this exhortation be to them to raise and rouze themselves out of this sleep . It is time , saith the Apostle , that we rise out of sleep . The sum of this Exhortation I will propound , and then draw to a conclusion . First consider how unprofitable a man , a Christian man is , when he is asleep : What is a man when he is asleep ? but that there is hope of awaking , and to come to the actions of life again , a man that is asleep , he lives but the life of a Plant , there is nothing but being and nourishment : a waking Beast is more profitable , but that ( I say ) there is hope that afterwards he will awake So when we sleep , and slumber , and tumble , and toss our selves in dead security , how unprofitable are we to Gods glory , and to our own selves ? Saint Paul saith , that Onesimus was unprofitable before his conversion : but now , saith he , he is profitable both to thee and me . A man that is asleep , is unprofitable : and certainly he that is asleep in security and sin , this man is most unprofitable to Gods glory , and to his own soul . Secondly , consider when a man sleeps , and slumbers in sin , how unfit he is for any Christian duty and exercise , for the main parts of Godliness and Christianity ? How unfit is a sleepy man for the actions of life , and of his calling ? and how unfit and unable , and indisposed is a man that sleeps in sin , to the actions of spiritual life ? There be some main parts and branches of our general Calling , to which this sleep makes us unable . The first of them is the exercise of godliness , the main thing in the profession of a Christian to exercise himself in godliness : how unfit is a sleepy Christian for this ? who sees a man that is asleep that works in his Calling that can do any good in it ? So how can a Christian exercise himself in the actions of his general Calling , when he sleeps ? in his praying , in his hearing , in his reading ? if these duties be done coldly , what are they worth ? Actions that are done in a mans sleep , they come to nothing : so a man that sleeps in sin , let him do never so many good actions , they are of no value . A second main branch of our Christian Calling , is the spiritual combate , to fight against our corruptions . Now alas how unfit is a sleepy man , either to expect , or to repel an enemy ? when he is asleep he lies open to all disadvantage . Sisera himself , a strong and noble Captain , was so weak , that a silly woman Jael shew him when he was asleep : therefore we know this part of our Christian calling cannot hold as long as we sleep in sin . Thirdly , another part , and main branch of Christianity is , to expect our Masters return , to wait for the coming of our Lord , that we may enjoy that sweet blessedness that he hath promised , and made us expect and wait for : now how unfit is a sleepy man to wait for his Masters coming ? to set things in order ? Thus we see in these particular main duties of Christianity they cannot be performed by men that are asleep , therefore we had need to wake our selves : if we will either honour God , or profit our selves , if we will be fit to do service to God , or to his Church , we must keep our selves awake , especially in the main duties of Christianity . Thirdly , consider while we sleep , and are secure , the enemy never sleeps , he is then most watchful against us . We may sleep , and think we do well enough to take our ease , but Satan sleeps not ; we have a watchful enemy to deal with . And then he hath some advantage by our sleeping ; in Mat. 13. in that Parable , The enemy sows tares , while men slept : he comes into the field of the heart , where the word of God , the good seed is sown , and what doth he do there ? he sows a crop of thorns , and they make the heart of a Christian , like the field of Solomons sluggard , Prov. 24. I passed by the field of the sluggard , and it was all thorns , &c. Thus is the heart that is neglected of a man that is sleepy , and secure in sin . When do robbers and theeves assault the house ? In the dead time of the night , when they may take men at advantage , in their first sleep , then they come and break into the house . Shall theeves and burglaries watch at mid-night to break the house , and cut mens throats , and wilt not thou watch to save thy self ? Further consider , as the enemy never sleeps , so Gods mercy never sleeps , Gods mercy is ever watching over us , to do us good ; and it watcheth to keep us watchful : for what should all the mercies of God do to us , but keep us watchful ? Our God that we serve is not as Baal , the God of Idolaters , perhaps he is asleep , and must be awaked , or he is chasing his adversaries ; No , no , the strength that keeps Israel , slumbers not , nor sleeps . Therefore let not Israel slumber nor sleep : because God watcheth over his children , let them watch with him , and keep themselves neer to him . Fiftly , if this will not move thee , then consider as Gods mercy sleeps not ; so Gods judgments sleep not . Tha●… man that sleeps in sin , let him know that Gods judgments sleep not . As Balaam when he was out of the way , the Angel watcheth him , and catcheth him in this corner , and in that corner ; he could go into no corner , but the Angel with his drawn sword was ready to meet him , and to slay him . And the Apostle saith of those that were led away by false teachers ; Their damnation sleepeth not . Gods judgments are alway waking : thou maist sleep on both sides in sin , but Gods justice sleepeth not . And thou that art the Lords , if thou sleep , know that correction , and chastisement sleepeth not , and they will awake thee , thou wert better to awake by slighter means . To conclude all , consider that all of us , there is no man upon the earth , but we are all going to meet the mortal sleep of death ; and if we shall when that meets us , have our own consciences tell us , that we have also a spiritual sleep within us ; that we carry a spiritnal sleep to meet that mortal sleep , what a miserable , and mournful state will that be ? when the heart of man or woman that is coming to die , shall say , and speak aloud , and witness against his Master , O , thou hast been a sluggish and sleepy Christian : thou hast had good means but thou hast not kept thy watch , thou wouldest sleep do what the exhortations of the Word could , thou wouldest be a drowsie Christian . Hence it comes to pass that so many , when on their death-bed they come to grapple with that mortal sleep , and then conscience porclaims against them , then they cry , Oh that I had but one day , but one hour more , that I might waken , and strengthen the things that are ready to die , and that it might be better with me then it is . But alas now their short day is past , and one perpetual night to come , and now it is too late , as it proves many times . Therefore let not time go , but know that that mournful day must come upon us , we must meet that mortal sleep : Let us labour to shake off spiritual sleep , drowsiness of spirit , and make our peace in the mean time , that conscience may witness with us , and for us at the day of death , and judgment . Let us labour to be watchful , and desire to be ready for the Lord , and to have our accounts ready for him . This shall suffice for the words . Now for our occasion : because this is my first occasion of this kind , I must enter with a preface , and that is this : that as I have ever been in the course of my ministery , so I shall be very sparing in the praise of the dead , because I know that these exercises are appointed for the instructing of the living , and the consolation of those that survive , and not for the praise , and commemoration of the dead . Besides , I know , and see by daily experience every where , how few there be that in their life time deserve the praise of Religion in their death . For my part I never did , nor never will gild a rotten post , or a mud wall , or give false witness in praising ; to give the praise of Religion to those that deserve it not . I desire those of my congregation would make their own Funeral Sermons while they be living , by their vertuous life , and conversation . As the Apostle saith , He hath not praise , that is praised of meh : but he that is praised of God. THE RIGHTEOUS MANS RESTING-PLACE ; OR , AFENCE AGAINST UNNECESSARY FEARS SERMON XXVII . GEN. 15.1 . After these things , the word of the Lord came to Abraham , saying : Fear not Abraham , I am thy shield , and they exceeding great reward . THe tender mercy of God is seen in nothing more , than in afflicting his own people , for he proportions his castisements , not to our deserts , but to our streugth : and you shall ordinarily observe , where Almighty GOD laies a heavy affliction , he gives an extraordinary assistance ; when he leads any of his people through a hot fire , he is with them in extraordinary manner . This holy Saint ( Abraham ) as he was the Father of the Faithful , so he was a pattern to all the faithful in both these , both in his tryals , and in Gods assistance . There was never any man called to more tryals than he : to leave his Country , and his Kindred , and his Fathers house ; and after to sacrifice his own Son. And there was never any man more assisted from God ; as we see in those many apparitions that God vouchsafed him : Comforting him , sometimes in Dreams and Visions . Sometimes he appeared to him in an admirable and most friendly manner , talking with him , as a man doth with his Friend . One of them are in this Chapter ; The Lord appeared to Abraham , and comforted him in the midst of his tryals and troubles . Where you may see an admirable incouragement that God gives to his servant Abraham ; You may note , First , the incouragement it self ; that is , not to fear . Secondly , note the time , when God gave him this incouragement : when he had encountred with those Kings immediatly before , as we see in Chapter 14. And when he was to encounter with many evils and troubles after , then the Lord appeared to him . Thirdly , note the manner , how God is pleased to reveal this comfort ; that is , by way of vision : God appeared by vision . Fourthly , note the ground of this comfort , and incouragemeat that God gives him , and that is taken from a twofold Argument . First , what God was to him , in regard of any evils , that he did feel , or fear , he was his shield to bear them off . Secondly , in regard of all the good things that Abraham could lose in the world , an exceeding great reward : he would be to him all in all . So you see this portion of Scripture affords plentiful matter for instruction , and consolation . All that I will speak of at this time , I will wind up in this proposition ; that is , that , They that are in covenant with God , and labour to keep his covenant ( as faithful Abraham was , and did ) they may be a people without all carnal , and inordinate fear . For Abraham felt much , and had just cause to expect more , but in the middest of all , God appeared to him , and bid him he should not fear . And what was spoken to Abraham , is spoken to us : for he was the Father of the faithful , and they that are of the faith with Abraham , are blessed with him . So then the blessing of Abraham , and all the incouragements that were given to him , they belong not to him only , but to all that are the spiritual seed of Abraham , to all the faithful : so that the Proposition is not limitted to him , but extends to all . A Doctrine , if ever needful , it is now . We know how it is with all men that are out of Covenant with God. Adam as soon as he had sinned , he runs from God , he was afraid , and hid himself from the face of God , so every unregenerate man is ( except his conscience be ignorant , in a dead sleep , and cauterized : ) for he seeth God on the one side a revenging Judge : and he knows himself on the other side to be guilty , and therefore he cannot but with amazement and fear continually tremble before God : and he desires if it were possible , that there were no God at all , that he might never be called to account for his doings . But now the child of God , a faithful Abraham that is in covenant with God , he may in the middest of all evils lift up his head with joy and comfort , even when wicked men are at their wits end , and know not whether to turn themselves . It is ( I say ) a point needful to urge in these times , wherein we hear abroad of wars , and rumors of wars , and so many distractions : and what they feel we have cause to fear : but now it is seasonable at this time , when we see the King of fears act his part before our eyes : he that the Philosophers call , the most terrible of all terribles ; that is , Death , that tends to the extirpation , and abolition of nature , in regard of our being here . I say there cannor be a better argument treated of , then somewhat that may fence us against the fear of this evil . Now for the opening of this point . First , consider what fear is . And then what fear a Christian should be freed from . And then how it comes to pass that a Christian is exempted from all slavish , and inordinate fear . And then come to make some Use of it to the present occasion . First , that we may know the point the better , let us consider , what fear is in general ; And fear ( beloved ) is such An affection or passion of the soul that is stirred up with a through apprehension of some future evil , that is very difficult to be resisted by the party , or patient . It is an affection , or passion of the soul : for it makes a real transmutation in the man. It is such an affection , as is stirred up with the apprehension of evil : for evil is properly the object of fear : we do not primarily fear any thing that is good , axcept the loss of it , and it is ill to lose any good thing . Again , it is evil future : for if the evil be present , we grieve , and not fear . And it is such an evil as is difficult , and hard to resist , an overcome with patience : for if it be a small evil that is easily conquered , you contemn it , you fear it not . You see then what fear is in general . Is all fear prohibited ? Not the fear of God , &c. Fear is oft commanded in Scripture , know then there are divers kinds of fear . First , natural fear , and that is called natural either in regard of the material or efficient cause . When the party that doth fear , is phlegmatick , or melancholly , and so is naturally inclined to fear , this may be called a natural sear . Or , in regard of the object , when there is somewhat in that which is destructive to nature : and therefore the fear of death , it is natural to man , and so whatsoever may prejudice nature . Now this natural fear is an affection that Almighty God concreated with the soul , it is naturally good , it is morally neither good nor evil , but according as it is determined by circumstances . Again , there is a carnal evil fear , namely , when a man fears the evil of punishment , more then the evil of sin ; a corporal evil more then a spiritual : a temporal more then an eternal . He is afraid of losing something he enjoyes , or of not getting something he desires , &c. In either regards there may be a carnal fear , as I shall explain it to you more anon : and this so far as it is carnal is ever to be condemned . Thirdly , there is a servile fear : and this is such a fear as looks at the punishment only , and not at the sin : when a man is afraid of the judgements of GOD , and never fears sin , that is the cause of it . And so withal , when this fear is only servile , and is retained in the heart , that man desires still to sin ; there is a love of sin , a wishing that God would give him leave to sin , and let loose the reins to him : that if it were possible there were no God , no Devil , no Heaven , nor Hell , that he might sin were possible there were no God , no Devil , no Heaven , nor hell , that he might sin freely . And if he abstain from sin at any time , the cause is , that there is this punishment that is the consequent of sin , and not out of love to God , or obedience to his commandements . Now this servile fear , though in it self it be not savingly pleasing to God , yet it is a thing that is good , as S. Austin observes ; for that man that fears servily , he doth that which is good , though he doth it not well : because that is a thing that depends upon the disposition , and will of him that doth the thing , though the thing be good as far as it goes . It is good for the restraining of evil men from outrages in the world , and it is a preparative in the way to conversion , as it is Act. 2. Lastly , there is a filial son-like fear , that ariseth out of the consideration of the greatness , and especially of the goodness of God , whereby a man so hates punishment , as he hates sin also the cause of it . Now there are divers degrees of filial fear . One degree we call innitial fear in this World. And a degree of perfection in the world to come . In this world the fear we have , hath one eye upon the punishment , and another eye upon the commandement , or love of God. And here many make a doubt , whether they are to do that which is good , having an eye to the recompence of reward , or to abstain from evil out of the fear of punishment . For answer briefly . And thing almighty God hath made a motive to us , to incourage us to do well , or to deter us from evil ; we may make a motive to our selves , and as long as we do so , we do well . It was so with Adam in Paradice , this was propounded as a motive ; In the day thou eatest thereof thou shalt die . Then to abstain from the forbidden fruit , partly out of fear of punishment , If Adam did so , he did well . So , every one of us in regard of any evil , we may have an eye to the punishment , that will be the consequent of the thing : for Christ urgeth this to his own Disciples , Fear not him that can kill the body , &c. And to do things meerly without any respect to punishment at all ; I know no reason why any man should aspire to that perfection . For God while we are here , hath given us these motives , to stir us up to avoid evil ; and it is well if we can heartily and truly , out of love to God do it , by all the motives that God hath propounded . To have a fear meerly for punishment , and still to retain the love of sin , and no respect or love to the commandement of God , this is not acceptable to God in a saving manner : but to have an eye to God , and to abstain from sin , partly out of love to God , and partly out of fear of punishment , this is acceptable to God. For a man must love himself in subordination to the love of God ; and therefore he may look to the avoiding of evil , and to the getting of good eternal to soul and body . Now these fears , we may consider of them thus . The natural fear may be accompanied with the Spirit , but it comes not from the Spirit , that must be ordered by the word of God. Secondly , carnal fear comes not from the spirit , nor is accompanied with it : this is ever to be mortified , this we must take heed of ; and this fear Abraham is exhorted against here . Thirdly , the fear that is servile , it comes from the spirit , but it is not accompanied with the spirit . As the dawning of the day the Sun is the cause of it , yet the Sun is not present when the day dawns , but some glimps goes before him : this we must cherish , so as we bring it to filial fear , and then we deal aright in that . Lastly , for filial fear , we must cherish that at all times , we must labour to get still a more reverent respect of the Majesty of God. So I have briefly shewed you what fear is . And what fear we must labour to be freed from ; all slavish and carnal fear , in regard of the world , or any thing in the world ; any ill that may befall us , or any good that may be taken from us . Now you see that a Christian is such a man as may live without all fear , that is carnal ; Fear not them that can kill the body . And in Isaiah 8.12 . Fear not their fear . What is the ground of this ? I will tell you briefly ; Christ came into the world to deliver us from all our enemies that we might serve him without fear , in holiness and righteousness , Luke 1.47 . So then the ground is this , that man that hath no enemies ; that man that cannot possibly be molested with any evil , what need he fear ? For there is no evil in the world that can surprize a man that is in covenant with God , that labours to keep his covenant , but by the power of the Spirit he may conquer it . For only evil , and evil future is the object of fear . Now , if there be no evil that can befall a child of God , but such as may be conquered , he should contemn it , and not fear it . Now all the enemies of a Christian are either reconciled or conquered and foyled , and what then need he fear them ? For God that is an enemy to every man naturally , he is reconciled ; Christ hath made our peace with God , he hath made our attonement , we need not fear him slavishly : though we may , and must fear him with a filial fear , we must not be afraid of him with horrour , as to run from him ; but we must so love him , as to reverence before his foot-stool . Again , in regard of the evils of the world , they are enemies too : but how ? Christ hath been pleased to sweeten these to us : all things in the world ( saith the Apostle , speaking of afflictions , Rom. 8. ) they work for good to them that fear God. Shall a man be afraid of his own good ? Nay , there is nothing in the world that more works our good , then afflictions , and losses , and crosses : we might spare any thing better then them : shall we be afraid of that that works our good ? Death it is reconciled , and made our friend : It was the greatest enemy ; Christ hath pulled out the sting , and changed the nature of it ; he hath made it the birth-day of eternity , a sweet passage to a better life . Death brings not evil to a man that is in covenant with God , but rather terminates all evil , that he is molested with in the world . So then some enemies are reconciled and made our friends , and these we have no reason to fear . Again , there are some that are irreconcileable , and they are conquered and overcome . The Divel will never be friends with us , therefore Christ hath spoyled principalities and powers ; and trampled Satan under-feet : and now if he walk about , yet he is in his chain , he can bite , but he can hurt none but those that willingly betray themselves into his hands . For sin , it is of a condemning nature ; but those that are in covenant with God , and walk with him , it is removed as far from them as the East is from the West , it is thrown into the bottomeless sea of Gods mercy , so that it shall never anger God or hurt us any more then if we had not committed it ; Who shall lay any thing to the charge of Gods Elect ? Nay more , God hath bestowed his Spirit , whereby he hath freed our hearts , and whereby if a man labour to stir up the grace of God in him , and to walk comfortably as he might in the presence of God , he might through the power of God free his heart from these horrours and fears ; for faith the Apostle , ye have not received the Spirit of bondage to fear again : but ye have received the Spirit of adoption , whereby we cry Abba Father . The Spirit of bondage casts down the soul mith horrour and fear , but we have the Spirit of God to assure us that we have God for our Father reconciled in Christ , and so by consequent that our sins are pardoned , that death is overcome , that Principalities and powers are spoyled , and all things in the world , ( though contrary in themselves yet ) they shall work for our good . So you see the ground of it , a Christian hath no enemies , some enemies are reconciled and others are trampled under foot that they cannot hurt him . And we receive this freedome by the Spirit of God , that if we would stir it up , and labour to walk as becometh Christians we may make our lives very comfortable . Briefly for Application . First , let us all take notice of the command that God gives to Abraham , of this incouragement , and make use of it to our selves ; and know that the power of grace , and Religion must reflect upon a mans self . He ( beloved ) shall be accounted the best Christian before God , and in the sight of judicious men , whose Religion is practicall , and reflects upon himself . Now there are many busie ones in the world , that meddle with the conversations of others , and are still talking , and complaining of things without themselves ; but surely , he is a happy man that reformes himself , and that sets in tune his own affections and passions : as this in particular , to labour to be without slavish and inordinate fear . Alas we may complain of many that find fault with many things , but if they look within , there is a combustion of a great many unruly affections , and passions , and these are the things we never complain of : we find not fault with our selves as we should , we should take notice of the Law of God that it is spiritual , to set in order our hearts and minds and souls , as well as our tongues and hands . The law of man reacheth but to the outward man , if a man keep himself in order in regard of these , thought is free , and the Law doth not take hold of a man for his affections , but the Law of God doth , therefore you know that lusting after a moman , in Gods account is reputed adultery , the hating of a mans brother in his heart is accounted manslaughter ; he is accounted a murtherer that hates his brother : so he that is angry unadvisedly , you know what he is in danger of : and that man is accounted guilty before God , that cannot order his affections in regard of those unruly passions that are within him . This I observe by the way . God in Scripture takes especial notice of it ; and I am perswaded it is an infallible distinguishing character between an hypocrite and a sincere child of God : an hypocrite labours to wash the outside , he hath a demure countenance , clean hands , smooth language , &c. these things are good , but he goes no further , he makes no conscience of secret contemplative wickedness , of the lusts of his heart , and the thoughts of his mind : these things he never enters into himself to mortifie . But that man that is conscionable , so walks with God ; as that a wrie affection , an inward lust after somewhat that is evil , troubles him , and humbles him before God : the vanity of his thoughts in secret cause him to mourn before God : this is a sign of a man that walks before God , and accounts God a Spirit that searcheth the hearts and tryeth the rains : and therefore if ever we will approve our selves to God , let our Religion be practical , and reflect upon our selves , and among other things upon our inward man to set that in order . Secondly , by way of instruction , we see what happy men and women we might be if we were not our own foes , if we could attain this pitch to live without fear that nothing should trouble us , were it not a happy condition ? surely it is a thing feazable , some Saints have attained it in a great measure ; you know David when Ziglag was taken , his wives gone , all the spoyl taken , and the people were ready to stone him , what did poor David ? he can incourage himself in the Lord his God notwithstanding this . So it may be with a poor Christian , his friends may forsake him ; perhaps the world is gone , riches take to themselves wings , it may be his body is crazy and all things are out of order , yet this man can incourage himself in the Lord his God , he can say to himself fear not Saith David , though I walk in the valley of the shadow of death , a doleful condition , yet I will fear none ill , Psal . 23. And in another place , though ten thousand should compass me in on every side I would lay me down and rest . Though the Apostles were watched by souldiers , laid in the stocks , and for ought they knew the next day they should be brought to execution , yet they sing as merrily and sleep as heartily as if they had been on a Throne , and had been Kings in a Pallace . Thus a good conscience will make a Christian happy , if he be not his own foe : but our hearts are intangled with the world and worldly things , that for the most part we see not this priviledge . But I leave that . Next it may serve to reprehend and chide the most of us , yea all , in that we are distracted with fears unnecessary , such as spend our spirits , and consume our precious time , such things as make our lives uncomfortable , and dishonour God , and our Religion and profession , and all to no purpose . Some things we fear a great while before we need , perhaps that we need not fear at all . One faith Lord , what would become of me if I should loose my wife ? if I should loose my children ? or loose my estate ? What would become of me if the times should be hard , if there should be a dear year ? I can scarse bring both ends together now . Another faith , what shall I do when I am old , and cannot take pains for my living ? thus men fear a thousand inconveniences . What need we meet evils half way ? what need we create to our selves such troubles ? sufficient for the day are the troubles of it . But in regard of carnal fear , all things make us afraid more then we need , and the fear of ill oft-times perplexeth a man more then the ill it self that lights upon him . And men of a melancholly disposition they frame to themselves such strange Chimera's , Imaginations of things that perhaps shall never come to pass , and so trouble themselves with a great deal of fear . Thou art afraid of such and such losses , perhaps thou maist die first , and such things perhaps shall never befall thee : labour to prepare thy heart before hand , and then fear them not . I will shew you the inconveniences of this , briefly . First of all , these fears of losses and crosses , and the like , they often bring a great deal of ill to men ; nay it brings a great deal of ill as the natural event and consequent of it , partly by the judgement of God , Isa . 66.4 . I will bring their fears upon them . And that that wicked men fear shall come upon them . This is the way to bring ill upon them , when men will needs be miserable is it not just with God they should ? The Romans will come and take away our Empire , and so it was . Saul was afraid that David should succeed him , and so he did . When men will not learn to live by faith , it is just with God to bring that that they fear upon them , because they dishonour him by unbelief . In the second place it not only brings ill , but it makes the heart unfit for ill when it comes . In the fear of man their is a snare : but in the confidence of the Lord , there is a sure reward . In the fear of man there is a snare : what doth fear do ? It insnares a man , it binds a man hand and foot , and layes him flat before his enemy when he comes , and then his enemy tramples upon him . It so weakens the Spirits and disheartneth a man before it comes , that when it comes he is no way able to bear it . For the fear takes away all the joy and content that a man may take in the present good that he enjoyes at the hand of God , that he cannot enjoy that , because he fears I know not what ill that may come ; and then when that ill comes he is not able to bear it , his spirit is so weak . I might shew much hurt that this fear doth both to the soul , and to the body of man. To the body of man , how doth it weaken and contract the Spirits ? and bring diseases ? and some times death it self ? Fear doth much hurt to the soul , Naturally . Spiritually . Naturally , it weakens a man in regard of the operations of his sonl , that the body is not a fit instrument for the soul to work by . It makes a man do divers things rashly and inconsiderately , and divers things out of incogitancy , that he knows not what he doth ; he is unfit for holy duties , unstable in all his wayes . As he is thus in regard of his place and calling , so in regard of the duties of Gods service , he cannot do these with a quiet heart , with a peaceable spirit , while he is possest with these fears . You shall see almost all the sins in the world come from this fear . What was the reason that Abraham and Sarah did equivocate ? was it not fear ( in that particular ) of men more then God ? and so they put God upon a miracle to preserve Sarahs chastity in the case of Abimeleck . What was the reason that Aaron yeelded to make an Idol for the people of Israel , and so joyned in Idolatry with them ? he was afraid of the people that they might do him some hurt , he durst not trust God with his preservation . So Peter denied his Master out of fear ; What is the reason that a Minister doth not sometimes reprove sin ? that a Magistrate doth not sometimes reform that that is amisse ? It is slavish fear , they will not trust God to maintain them in his own cause . What is the reason that many servants lie , &c. it is out of a slavish fear of their masters . And so in regard of the things of the world , men are inordinately afraid that they shall lose somewhat they possess , and therefore they take indirect courses . Still this slavish fear , and horrour , and distrust of God , it is almost the cause of all sin , as we may observe in the world . This being so prejudicial , in the last place , let us fence our hearts against this fear . By this means we shall honour Religion , and make our lives comfortable , incourage other Saints of God , and draw people to like Religion , when it yeelds such sweet contentment to the souls of men . For do but once again muster together all our enemies , and see if we have cause of fear . For our spiritual enemies . Will any man fear a wounded foe ? for the Lord God hath wounded Satan , and trampled him under our feet , and brought us as Joshua did his Captains , to set our feet upon the neck of principalities , and powers , that through the mighty power of God , we are more then conquerours ; and shall we fear such an enemy as this ? Shall we fear those sins that we are humbled for , and which God hath made as if they had never been ? For the evils of the world : Why should we fear them ? those corrections that are immediatly from God , there is no cause of fear in them . As thus : If God take away thy Wife , or thy Child , or thy friend , or a part of thy substance , what cause of fear is there : Fear not ( faith God ) I will chastise thee in measure , and will not make a full end of thee , ( Jer. 46.28 . ) yet thou shalt not be altogether uncorrected . And then remember , God proportions the correction to our strength , as a Father , not as a Judg : he aims at our amendment , not at our ruin ; If he take away a friend , that we doted too much on : if we set our minds too much on the world , and worldly things , God will deprive us of them , and so by this be all in all to us , and draw us neerer to himself : have we cause of fear ? to fear that that comes from God ? No , will some say , if we fall into the hands of God there is mercy , but the mercies of men are cruel . What if unreasonable men deal with us , have we not reason to fear ill from them ? they are outragious and cruel , they bend their malice against us ; and if the enemy should come and make an in-road into our country , and bring devastation , what should we do then ? I answer , first in all things that fall from men , there is a provident hand of God : therefore faith our Saviour to his Apostles when he would incourage them , faith he , there is a providence even concerning sparrows , there is none of them light on the ground without the providence of God. So , when he would encourage his Disciples against their adversaries , your very hairs are numbred . As if he had said , Almighty God knows how many hairs every man hath upon his head ; he numbers all our joynts , he tells our steps : there is nothing befalls us , but what the provident hand of God is in . And wicked men , the Divel and all his instruments , God hath them in a chain , they cannot go one step further then he gives them leave . Again , consider what God laid to Abraham here ; I am thy shield . In regard of all the evils that men attempt against us , whether in regard of scoffing , or persecution , and open hostility , or whatsoever , God is our sheild . And the Psalmist calls him else-where , our strong tower . You know how it is , if men incounter a strong Tower , the enemy must first batter the Tower about their ears before they can hurt the men . If a man fight with an enemy , he must pierce his shield before he can hurt the man. We may speak it with sacred reverence to the Majesty of God , they must overcome God himself , before they can hurt his people in doing any thing that shall prove in the event hurtful , as long as they keep close to God. The Lord intimated this to the people of Israel : The Egyptians marched , and followed hard after them , to devour them with open mouth , God when he saw that , he removes the pilsar of the Cloud , and set it between them : as if God should have said to them , you deceive your selves , to think to conquer my people , you must conquer me , before you conquer them . So God is our strong Tower , our shield , and our deliverer , and he will find deliverance for his people some way or other , from the evil , or in the evil , or out of it ; as shall turn to our exceeding advantage . For , suppose the worst that can be supposed , that wicked men are let loose on us , to do all that their malice can invent , they can but touch the body , the shell of the soul , and let the prisoner out of doors . Upon this argument Christ incourageth us ; Fear not them that can kill the body , but fear him that can kill both body and soul . As if he should say , Do the enemies threaten death , they promise you life : the greatest advantage , and the happiest day that ever can befall a man that is in covenant with God , is the day of death . Then all they can do , is to kill the body for a while , which God will raise , maugre the malice of the Divel , and all his instruments , and possess the soul of that bliss that is prepared for it . And in regard of Death , why should we fear that ? if we be in covenant with God , the nature of it is changed , the sting is out , and it is become beneficial . But you know the Saints die still . The red Sea swallowed up the Egyptians , but contrariwise to the Israelites , it was a wall of protection on the right hand , and on the left . That then that was the ruin of the Egyptians , it was the protection of the Israelites . So , it is in regard of death , that that is the entrance to the doleful misery of evil men , that is the most blisseful and joyful day to a child of God that can be , for then he rests from his labours , and his works follow him . But notwithstanding all this , it is hard to live without fear , I enjoy many things , I am afraid to lose them , and my children are afraid , and loath to part with me , my heart wavers , and is full of perplexity , how shall I be freed from this ? I know , fear is a natural thing deeply rooted in nature , think not to get the conquest wholly , but by little and little . Labour to get the Spirit of God that is supernatural , that must overcome this : for the strongest resolution of the most resolved spirit in the world will not overcome it , it must be by a power that is stronger then our own , namely by the Spirit of GOD , that we being assured by the Spirit , that God is our portion , and living the life of faith , we may not fear any thing in regard of this world . Secondly , labour to keep our covenant with God : there is an admonition , Numb . 14.9 . Only , ( faith God ) remember you do not rebel against God , and then fear not this people : for God is with you , but he hath for saken them . The righteous is bold as a Lyon , but the wicked fears , and oft-times where there is no fear . What is the reason we are so faint-hearted ? that we fear the loss of the things of this world ? because we are not assured that God is our portion : for if a man were assured , that what he loseth here , God would make up in regard of his presence , that he would be All in all , instead of wife , and goods , and children , and honours , &c. it is impossible that this man should fear the loss of any thing : for he possesseth all in God , and he cannot be lost . In particular labour to strengthen faith , make God our strong Tower , and live by faith , he shall not be afraid of ill tydings ; why ? his heart is fixed , trusting in the Lord , Psal . 1.12 . When men make the things of this world their portion ; when they make riches , and the arme of flesh their portion , that they must rely upon ; here is a reed that will either break , or pierce a mans hand . No wonder that this man fears in all occasions , and extremities , because he forsakes the Lord , and cleaves to the creature . But that man that lives by faith is without fear ; As Peter when he began to sink , faith Christ , Why dost thou fear ? O thou of little faith . The reason he did sink was fear , and why did he fear ? because his faith failed him , he did not lay hold upon God , and Christ . Lastly , let us remember to order our selves aright , in regard of our love , and this will keep us from inordinate fear . For we must conceive that love is the fountain of all other affections ; we love things , and therefore we desire them , if they be absent , and we rejoyce in them if they be present , and we fear the loss of them , to be abridged of them . Now let us order our love aright , in regard of the things of this world , and we shall never fear much : for it is the observation of S. Austin , we fear to lose somewhat that we have attained , or not to enjoy somewhat that we desire ; so it ariseth from love , somewhat that we love and affect , we are afraid of the loss of it , and this is the cause of fear . Now in regard of wealth , a man is afraid he shall not have enough ; he shall not have a competency ; it is because he loves the things of the world too much . A man is afraid of Death , why ? because he loves his body too much . A man is afraid he shall lose his children , or his Friends ; what is the reason ? he loves them too much , too inordinatly . We should labour to love them only in , and for God , and then we shall not be afraid of the loss of them , but shall be content to be disposed in them , and in our selves , as God shall see convenient in his heavenly wisdom . A word for the occasion , and that I will dispatch in a word . You know the occasion of our meeting at this time , and in this place : it is to perform this last rite to the body of a Child that God hath taken lately to his mercy . You see how Almighty God is pleased to dispose it sometimes , even ost-times from the Cradle to the Grave , out of the Swadling-bands to the winding-sheet : God will have it so sometimes : and when it is so , we must lay our hands upon our mouths , and be content with the will of God. For those that are Parents , let all learn this lesson , not to dote too much upon their children ; not to be enamoured too much upon such flowers : you know how soon God takes them away , before you be aware . It is not their wit , or their comliness , or agility , and nimbleness , or healthy constitution , or any thing that can award them from the stroak of death when God sends it : Therefore learn to love them , in , and for God , for his sake , and you shall have no cause to fear the loss of them , or grieve immoderately , when they are taken away ; why ? because they are all alive still to God ; and this tender Babe is not lost , he is but sent before , he is alive still in the presence of God , the soul stillives , and the body shall live , and is in Gods account , Christ hath the charge of it , and will raise it at the last day . That man can lose no friend , that loves his friend , in , and for God : because they live with God , and he shall enjoy them at the last day . Again , as we may mourn for the loss of our friends and children ( or else we were without natural affection ) so we must rejoyce that they have gained : as we have lost them , as they are taken from us ; so they are taken from the evils of the world , from a great deal of sin and misery ; and what that might have been , the Lord only knows ; therefore we have cause to be thankful . And ( beloved ) be thankful too , if God spare any ; if he take one , he might have taken all , and prepare for it too : be thankful for them that are lest . And remember , labour betimes to instruct your children in the fear of God : let it be the first thing we infuse into them , as soon as they be capable : namely , the elements of Christian Religion , holy , and heavenly things , why ? because they may be taken away before we are aware . It may be we have but a little time , but a few opportunities to do good to them . I tell you what our conscience will tell us else , that we have not been so careful to instruct our children , as they have been capable . And this will cut sore , and lie heavy on our conscience : and therefore let us do it betimes . Not only to prevent the Divel , and his temptations : but because you see how suddenly they may be taken away from us in a moment . So Children should be admonished to learn to know the Lord God in the dayes of their youth : how soon that evil day may come we know not ( that the wise man speaks of ) therefore betimes while ye have opportunity do it . And for our own part , let us learn this ; First , when God crops such flowers that rise in the bud ; when he takes away such Children , be thankful to God that he hath given us a longer time , that he hath enlarged our dayes , and prolonged our years ; that he hath given us such a great deal of space , and opportunity , to glorifie him here , to do him service in the land of the living , to get evidence of our Calling and election , and to get assurance of our peace with him . Let us praise God for the length of our dayes , a blessing of God in it self , and a blessing to us if we improve it . Again , every one remember , if Children do die , old men must die , any man may die . For it Death strike such as do but begin to live , then we that have lived long , it is time and reason to expect death , and not to fear it . I speak not this , as if we should be slavishly afraid of death : while we are so our lives are not comfortable . What is the reason that we fear it inordinatly ? because we love our lives , we love our bodies , and the world inordinatly , and not in , and for God. And then by the continual spectacles of mortality , let us be acquainted with death . A vizour , and apparition to a Child , scares him , and he runs from it at the first : but at last he grows throughly acquainted with it , and fears it not : so it is in regard of death , many men will not endure to hear of death , they will not endure to think of it , they will not endure to hear a Funeral Sermon , or to come to the hous of mourning , to be put in mind of their latter end : Death is a strange vizour to these men and women , they are afraid of it , and run from it , but if we did oft think of it , as oft as we think of sin , in the cause of it . And when we feel sorrow , think , here is a harbinger of death . I feel pain in me , ere long I must surrender to the stroak of Death . And as oft as we see spectacles of mortality , to read a lecture of Death . And when we lay our selves down in our beds think of Death . And upon all occasions come to the house of mourning , and think of Death . If the Serpents sting be plucked out , a man may handle it , he is shie at the first ; but after , finding it cannot hurt him , he fears it not . So we have cause to thank God for death , as well as for other things ; thus far ; because he hath changed the nature of it , and made it a sweet passage to another life . And then though God take Children , or friends , or goods , or any thing in this world , he will be our exceeding great reward , he will be All in all to us here , and hereafter . THE RIGHTEOUS JUDGE : OR THE RULE OF JUDGEMENT . SERMON XXVIII . JAM . 2.12 . So speak ye , and so do , as they that shall be judged by the Law of Liberty . VPon the like sad occasion , I have already handled something out of these words . The last thing that I came to was ; That in the day of Judgement God will call both the words and actions of men to account . He will bring their words and their actions to judgement , not only their works , 2 Cor. 5.10 . God will bring every work to judgement ; and so Eccles . 12. He will bring every thing to judgement , whether good or evill . But besides that , he will bring every word to judgement too , even the very vain words of men , of every idle word men shall give account , Matt. 12.36 . And the very rash and passionate speeches of men , what they speak in passion , and repent not of , even those passionate speeches that they thought might have easily been passed by , He that calls his Brother fool , shall be in danger of hell fire , Matth. 5.22 . Then much more those evil speeches against God , Jude 13 , 14. He shall come with thousands of his angels in judgement against all those that have spoken against him . They have spoken against God , they have reviled him , he shall judge them for all their evil , and cursed speakings against him saith the Apostle . They in fury and madness fell to evil and cursed speaking and slighted God and despised him ; therefore he shall come in great glory with thousands of his Angels , to make it appear that he is more glorious then they thought him to be , and he will now stand for the vindicating of his honour , and the manifesting of his glory in such a terrible appearance at that day . Against all those that speak evil , and against all their cursed speakings against him saith the Text , evil speaking against God , is cursed speaking . Because it exposeth a man to a curse , it leaves him under a curse that shall appear at that day to be just against him ; so we see God will bring both words and works , to judgement at that day . And the reasons are . First , because the Law of God binds men in their speeches as well as in their actions . I say the Law that shall judge them doth now bind them in their very speeches as well as in their actions . You have two commandements expresly taking notice of the words of men . The third commandment of the words of men concerning God , he that takes the name of Godin vain , he will not hold him guiltless . And then the ninth commandment of the words of men concerning men . Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour . Now God that hath made a Law to bind , and to order men in the matter of speech , certainly he will judge men by that Law. You know that Kings and Princes , and Parliaments , and Kingdoms , they make not Lawes in vain , but they are the directions whereby the judges proceed in their course of judgment upon malefactours . So I say Gods Law it is not in vain , it is not a bare direction onely to us in point of obedience , but also the express rule whereby Christ himself will proceed in matter of judgement . Again secondly , there is great reason that words as well as actions should be brought to judgement , because God and men are injured by words as well as by actions . First concerning God , you read of some , Psal . 73. that set their mouths against God , and against heaven . Indeed they can do no more hurt to God then a man that shoots an Arrow at the Sun can hurt the Sun by shooting at him ; but in their intention they set themselves against God in as much as their tongues are set against him . And in Levit. 24.11 . The word there translated to blaspheme , it is in the original , that the man stabbed God , or did pierce God , he offered a kind of violence to the holy name of God. Such sinful speeches as are forbidden in the third Commandment , and do concern the name of God or any of his attributes or ordinances , any thing that is spoken against them , or without due reverence and respect to them , they are there said to be a stabbing of God , in the Hebrew phrase , or a piercing of God , a wounding of God , doing some violence to God himself . Now I say when such wrong and injury is done to God , shall not God take a time to right himself of those that injure him ? Secondly , it is an injury done to men . You know it is a common thing in Law to have actions against men for speeches , they make speeches actions ; they make them lyable to the penalty and censure of the Law for speeches . So the Law of God proceeds according to the very speeches of men , whereby they have discouraged his servants in any kind at any time , in any duty of Religion , and course of his worship , or whereby they have brought an ill report on it . As those spies did upon the Land , therefore , they might not be suffered to go into the Land : So I say when men bring an evil report upon the duties of godliness they shut themselves out of the kingdom of God. So likewise when men make that which is straight become crooked : It is said of Simon Magus that he perverted the straight wayes ef God , that is , he did as much as lay in him to make the straight wayes of God to seem crooked , that as a man that puts a stick in the water though it be straight when it is put in , yet it seems crooked when it is in : So when a man puts colours and shews upon good actions and courses , as if they were folly and indiscretion , and unadvised , and hypocrisie , and vain , or whatsoever is ill , this is to make the straight wayes of God crooked ; to make that that God accounts straight to be crooked , this is a setting against God : therefore Peter saith to Simon Magus , pray if it be possible that the thought of thy heart may be for given thee . So you see Saint Paul speaks to Elymas the sorcerer upon the same ground , Act. 13. Thou child of the divel and enemy to all righteousness , wilt thou not cease to pervert the right wayes of God ? Now I say , here are the words and speeches that men speak against the wayes of God : these are speeches that argue men in a state , whereby they are liable and open to judgment , and exposed to wrath , therefore we should take heed of such words . The use may be to condemn those that make light account of words ; they think they may speak ( it may be ) in rashness , and hastiness , and they may be excused for uttering them , it is there hastiness , and their passion , and it was done unadvisedly , &c. I but the Law of God is transgressed , the Majesty of God is offended , the anger of God is provoked . You know what old Eli said to his Sons ; My sons , if a man sin against a man , man may plead for him , but if he offend against God , who shall plead for him ? I say who shall take up the matter with God in such a case as this , when the offence strikes against God , and his ordinances , and his worship ? Therefore take heed there is much evil , there is life and death ( as Solomon saith ) in the power of the tongue , that is , a man may utterly destroy himself by the very words he speaks unadvisedly ( as he thinks , and will plead for himself ) or passionately and rashly . Again much more doth it concern those that proceed to other kinds of wickedness in the tongue , we instanced in some particular instances then , that we cannot now stand on . We came to direct men to carry themselves in their speech , as David , to set a watch before the door of their lippes , he prayed to God to do it ; And Psal . 39. I said that I will take heed to my wayes that I offend not in my tongue . And then he prayes to the Lord , Psal . 131. to keep a watch before the door of his mouth . He knew well enough that there will be a time , when the words that we think are sleight and vain shall be brought to judgement , idle , unprofitable , frothy talk , much more railing and reviling speeches , most of all the highest blasphemies and execrations , these shall most certainly be brought to a greater censure at the day of judgment . But I will not stand on that I then handled . Now there remains three things more . The first is this , that in the day of judgment God will proceed according to his Law : So speak and so do as those that shall be judged by the Law. I say , In the day of judgment God will proceed with men according to his Law. He will proceed according to his word written : therefore labour that your speeches and actions may be such that they may be agreeable to that , John 12.48 . The word that I speak to you ( saith Christ ) shall judge you at that day . There is not a word that Christ speaks , but it shall judge : he speaks not in vain , he is the judge that speaks . Now you know Christ speaks two wayes . Either in himself , Or , by his Ministers . In himself , and so either that that he spake when he was on earth in his own person ; then all the words that he spake at that time are those words by which he will judge men , as far as they concern morral actions , by those words he will judge men at the great day : for he spake nothing but what was according to his Law. Or else that which he spake in his Apostles immediatly , by a certain and infallible work of the Spirit , directing them to such truth as that they could not err in speaking : now in this Christ still spake in them . The same way Christ hath in speaking to this day : therefore saith he , he that heareth you heareth me , and he that heareth me heareth him that sent me . That which he spake to them , he spake in them concerning all the Ministers of the Gospel . What we speak as Ministers , that is , as men that look to the direction of our Lord ; for we are but Embassadours , and our words are so far of value and power as they are the speeches of our Lord ; and as we speak the word of him whose Embassadours we are . Now I say look what the Minister thus speaks as the Embassadour of Christ to the people , that Christ will confirm at the day of judgement . Now it will appear what we speak as Embassadours , if we speak nothing but what is agreeable to the text of Scripture rightly understood . Therefore mark it , whatsoever sin we denounce the judgement of God against , and urge Scripture for it , it is the very rule that Christ will observe in judging men . Or else that speech could not stand , what ye lease on earth shall be loosed in heaven , and what ye bind on earth shall be bound in heaven , We bind , when by declaring of mens sins , we denounce the judgment of God against such sins , and so pronounce men to stand under the wrath of God that remain in those sins : saith Christ , what you thus bind on earth shall be bound in heaven , that is , Gods act shall ratifie and confirm the same sentence in heaven which we denounce here upon earth by vertue of this word . So when we come to distressed souls , and declare to them that they stand acquitted , and that by the Word of God ; and so as Ministers of the Gospel by vertue of the truth revealed to us , declare that they are freed from the bond and guilt of their sins , upon those evidences of repentance that they manifest : I say , it is ratified in heaven . Therefore you see there is no other way of proceeding , but look as Christs own words when he was upon the earth , so the same that are as his own words , that is , those truths that are drawn from Christs truths have the same power upon the hearts and consciences of men now to cammand them , and shall have after to judge them , as ever they had . But here it may be objected : it should seem that all men shall not be judged by the Law , because there are some men to whom the Law hath never been published : for what shall we say to a great part of the world , that have not yet received the Scriptures : we know that the Scriptures have not been published to a great part of the world : at this day there are many Heathens , many Pagans , that never had the Scriptures ; therefore how shall they be jndged by the Law ? except you say , that only those shall be judged by it , that have been under the preaching of the Gospel , and have had the help of the Scriptures ? We answer , that all man-kind , and every particular man is under the Law , only the Law is not alike expressed to them , it is not revealed alike to all sorts . All have the Law , and the Law written too : but either it is written in the hearts of men , and so it is naturally in the hearts of all the Sons of men . Or else in the Scrptures , and so it is more clearly and evidently manifested in the Churches ; but yet nevertheless in the hearts of men is the Law written , as much as shall be sufficient to condemn them , as we see , Rom. 2.14 . saith the Apostle , If the Gentiles which have not the Law , do by nature the things contained in the Law , they having not the Law are a Law to themselves , and shew the effect of the Law written in their hearts , their consciences accusing , or excusing them before God. The Gentiles that had not the Law , that is , not the Law written in the Scriptures ; yet nevertheless they are a Law to themselves , that is , they have certain principles , certain rules which remain in their natural consciences , whereby they either accuse or excuse , as they do good or evil . And even these do shew that they have a Law that doth bind them , and shall condemn them ; because that when they would not obey even that Law , that is , even those principles whereupon their consciences wrought to accuse or excuse they were sinners against the Law. So that we see no man shall be condemned at the day of judgement but by vertue of the Law : and however all have not the Scripture , yet they have a natural conscience , and the Law written there whereby it accuseth , or excuseth . Howsoever it be true that things are not alike expresly manifested to other people and to us that have the Scriptures , yet they have so much manifested to them as shall condemn them . And the reasons of it are these why it must be so . First , because the Law of God is Gods Scepter , whereby he governs and rules the Church , Psal . 110.2 . he shall bring the rod of thy power out of Sion . The rod of thy power , that is , the Scepter of thy power : that Scepter whereby thou dost authoritatively and by power rule over the Churches : and what is this Scepter ? It is the Word , as we shall see , Isa . 2.3 , 4. The Law shall come out of Sion . So then the Scepter , the rod of the word that is brought out of Sion , is the Law that comes out of Sion , the word of God , the Law of works and the Law of faith ; for both these come out of Sion , the Law of works as far as it is the rule of life ; and then the Law of Faith , both come in to rule the Church of God. Yea , this is the rod of Christs power , therefore he will manifest his power , and make all men subject to it . What power ? There is a power of Christ , such a power whereby he manifests his own greatness and soveraignty over all his creatures ; over those creatures that have not sence , that have not reason ; that is not this Law. But this power here , the Scepter of his power is that whereby he manifests his soveraignty , over reasonable creatures , Angels and men ; therefore if they will not obey him , yet it shall be a Scepter of Iron to crush them in peeces . Therefore we see the very Angels themselves that would not obey the directing commandement of God , the rule of life , in that particular place wherein they were ; they found it a Scepter to crush them down ; and they were cast out of their place for their sin . So likewise men ; you see what the Apostle Peter speaks of those that perished in the time of Noah , because they would not receive the Word preached to them , but they would be lawless and disobedient , or like men that would be under no Law , therefore they felt the force of it in the effect of the Law , in the fruit and penalty of the Law upon them . So I say Christ still rules by power in the Law ; in so much as that when the Law and command prevails not , then the punishment prevails ; and they that will not subject themselves to the Law , they shall be subdued under the punishment of the Law : that is the first thing . Again secondly , it must be that Christ must proceed in judgement according to the Law ; because the Law is the rule . Now you know a rule is a note of distinction , it is that that being straight & right in it self , which doth distinguish and discover things that are crooked . So the Law of Christ , it is a straight rule in it self : therefore whatsoever is contrary to it , is crooked and perverse . And he will declare a righteous proceeding contrary to the unrighteousness of men . How ? by that rule that discovers unrighteousness . How shal Christ appear to be righteous in his Law , except he have a rule whereby unrighteousness shall be discovered ? Now that is discovered by the Law , the right rule , as it is , Psa . 19. The statutes of the Lord are right . Now rectum is index sua oblique , that that not only declares its own excellency , but the unrighteousness , and obliquity of the contrary ; therefore Christ shall proceed by the Law , because that shall most clear his proceedings . For all the world will grant that that is a righteous rule ; Therefore Micah 6.8 . when the Prophet would deal with men that were unrighteous , that would walk wilfully , and rebelliously against God , and then serve him with outward performances , wherewith shall I come before the Lord ? and how before the high God ? he hath shewed thee O man what is good , that is , to do justly , and to walk humbly with thy God. So that now , look what rule it is that shews what is good , that is the rule whereby the righteous Judge will proceed in judgement : Now the Law shewes what is good , he hath shewed in his Law what is good : therefore he gives a brief sum of the Law there , to walk humbly with God , that is the substance of the first Table of the Law : and to do justice , that is the substance of the second Table of the Law ; therefore saith he , he hath shewed thee what is good , this is a righteous rule , that discerns between good and evil . Look what that is that in the directions of life discerns between good and evil , that also in the proceeding of the Judge will clear his justice , either in rewarding the good , or in punishing the evil : therefore Christ must needs proceed according to his own Law in judgement . Thus the point is opened . Now a word or two for application . Is it so that Christ will proceed in judgement by his own Law : then it serves in the first place for the just reproof of those that neglect the Law , that neglect this direction that Christ gives them . Ala●… is it a small matter thus to slight the Law of God ? the Word of God ? why , you shall be judged by this : God shall judge the secrets of all men ( saith the Apostle ) in that day according to my Gospel , Rom. 2.16 . not only that look what he hath spoken of the judgement shall prove true ; but that in the judgement there shall be a proceeding proportionable and agreeable to what he hath spoken in that word that he calls his Gospel . Therefore take heed how you slight this Word , it is a dangerous thing . Saith Solomon , Pro 13.13 . he that despiseth the cammandement shall perish . He that despiseth the commandement , when God hath revealed his will in matter of duty , for the direction of life ( for that he calls the Commandement there ) now if a man come to despise this , he shall certainly perish saith Solomon . When doth a man despise the commandement ? You know to despise is when a man accounts a thing of no force ; that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , despise not Prophesying . The word is , account it not a thing of nothing , account it not a slight matter . Now you know a man accounts a thing as a thing of nothing when he undervalues it , when he gives it less acknowledgement then it is worthy of . As if a man come to buy a Jewel or a Pearl in the Market , and offer a sleight and small matter for it , he had as good bid nothing , the undervaluing of a commodity , is as the accounting of it worth nothing . In spiritual things when a man accounts the Law of God below it self , that is , when he makes it not the chief direction of his life , then he accounts it as a thing of nothing , and despiseth the Law. For either the Law is somewhat by Gods appointment , or not at all ; if it be somewhat by Gods appointment , then it must have that place that God hath appointed it , or else we give it not any esteem according to the appointment of God , but according to our own Fancy . I say if we give the Law esteem according to Gods appointment , and by vertue of his Word , then we will give it the esteem that God hath put upon it , that is , that it shall rule us in all our actions ; and that it shall be our supream rule and guide , that a man shall account nothing else as the sufficient direction of his life but the Law. Now when men come to this , that they will prefer their own opinions before the Law ; when they will prefer the opinion of other men before the Text of Scripture : when they prefer the customes of the world , before the rule of the Word . This is now to despise the Law , to make it as a thing of nothing . As you see it plain , it is ordinary in Scripture thus to tax men ; as when they would account the traditions of men above the word ; In vain they worship me , saith God , they become vanity themselves for accounting the Law vain . So when they preferred the customes of their fore-fathers equal with the Law , they despised the Law : this mixture , this joyning of other things with it , it is that that the Scripture calls the despising of the Law : Therefore it is a dangerous thing to despise the Law , is it not dangerous to despise the Judge ? the Law shall be your Judge ; that is , the rule whereby the Judge shall proceed . You know it is the aggravation of the fault of a Malefactor , that he not only transgresseth and sinneth against the Laws of the Kingdome , but that he hath despised the Law : if he have been heard to speak any speeches to the contempt of the Law , this is a great aggravation of his sin : how much more shall it be in the day of the Lord ? Mens Lawes are imperfect , and therefore are revoked many times , and repealed , and reversed , but this Law of God is a perfect Law , and therefore it shall never be reversed , it shall never be revoked nor altred . Now for a man to sleight and neglect this in any point or degree it is a high contempt against God himself . That as a man might say of the Jews ; when Christ came amongst them , he offered himselfe to be their King ; but being they would not take him for their King who ( if they had taken him so ) would have been their Saviour ; therefore the time shal come that he will be their Judge and not their Saviour . So I say concerning the Law , the Law now published in the preaching of the Word ; those that will not now take it to be their counsellor shall find it then to be their condemner . If this be a harsh saying , as they speak of the command of Christ , Joh. 6. This is a hard saying , who can bear it ? If the Commandment of Christ concerning obedience seem harsh , then how harsh a saying shall that be , depart ye cursed into everlasting fire ? If it be so hard a thing to stand to the command of the Law , how hard a thing will it be to stand under the penalty and censure of the Law ? Therefore I say , let men take heed , they shall find that even that very faith commanded that they have slighted , it shall prove heavy : they sleighted it in obedience , it shall prove heavy in the judgement and punishment . Secondly , it may serve for admonition , and so to teach us how to carry our selves . If the Law of God be the rule whereby he will judge us . First then look to the law for direction , look to the precept , to the command of God for the directing of our lives . I know not how , but I am sure , by the malice of Satan it is come into the world , into the Church , that some men ( upon pretence of giving the doctrin of justification by grace , and by the merits of Christ the full vertue of it ) would put men off from all obedience , as if therefore we were not to be under the direction of the Law , because we are freed from the Law by Christ . They distinguish not between the penalty of the Law , & the command of the Law : the same Christ that hath freed us from the punishment of the Law ( as many as are in him by faith ) hath subjected us to the command of the Law , and that in his own person ; and not only so but in his own precept . Therefore he became an expounder of the Law , Math. 5. and shewes that the Law is spiritual , that it is a thing that binds the conscience , and would have all men look to the direction of the Law. And the Apostle Saint Paul , then whom no man ever spake more fully of justification by Faith , yet the same Apostle would not have the Law as it is a direction of life abolished ; but would have men so much the more new , as by new arguments and incouragements they are set upon the duties of obedience . But I say , such is the malice of Satan as to draw men upon such grounds as these are ( not rightly understood by them ) to I know not what course of Libertinisme ; and though they pretend a course of obedience to the Law , yet they will not do it as to the Law. Whereas it is evident that the Law is appointed as a curb to our corruption to cure and purge out that . And therefore it is for men to be wiser then God , to ground their actions upon another principle and ground , then God grounds them . Indeed the servants of God do not the actions of obedience simply , because of the Law written in the Scriptures , but they have the Law written in their hearts too , so the Spirit of God is a Spirit that guides them according to the Law , and disposeth them to those actions that are sutable to the Law : yet he never excludes , or puts them from the Law , from subjection to the Law in point of obedience . I say therefore errours creep in amongst men to dream of a liherty from obedience , when the Scripture speaks of a liberty from the Law but in other sences , not in matter of duty . Secondly , let men look to the Law for tryal too , Gal. 6.3 , 4. If a man think he is something when he is nothing , he deceiveth himself : but let every man try himself , and prove his own work . Let him prove his own work : by what shall he prove it ? Why , by the Law. By the Law here we mean the whole Word of God , the Law of works and of Faith. I say let him prove his works by this Law , by the written Word of God. Therefore if a man would now know how it shall go with him at the day of judgement , let him begin to judge himself by this rule before-hand , Let him reason thus , either I shall stand as condemned , or acquitted : if as condemned it is by the Law , therefore ( mark ) so far as I go on in any sin against any known truth of God , so far I stand in the estate of a condemned person . Therefore consider beloved , you do exceedingly wrong your selves , because you do not look thus upon you actions ; you look not upon them as upon things that are transgressions against the Law that shall judge you : and that therefore if the Law of God condemn such actions now , then thou standest as a condemned person by vertue of that Law. Alas , durst men go on without repentance in any course of sin , if they took themselves as condemned men ( in truth ) by vertue of the Law ? There is not any word that thou speakest , but as soon as it is spoken , thou standest in the estate of a condemned man , and if thou interest not thy self in Christ , and come not in , certainly the Law will pass upon it . Therefore seriously consider of this , that there is no evil or particular sin that you go on in , but if the Law condemn it , Christ will condemn it too at the day of judgement . Therefore you must before-hand condemn your selves that you may not be condemned of the Lord , 1 Cor. 11.32 . Judge your selves , and you shall not be judged of the Lord , But yet this remaines a truth still , that he that doth not condemn himself , that doth not take off his sins by unfeigned repentance , he stands a condemned person before the Lord , because he stands condemned in the Law. Therefore I beseech you beloved plead not any priviledg in Christ ; ( I speak this the rather because men use the Gospel to their own destruction , I say plead not priviledge by Christ ) if you go on in the allowance of any sin ; shall we continue in sin that grace may abound ? God forbid saith the Apostle . So I say when a man will come and plead , I believe , and I hope to be saved by Faith , yet nevertheless it may be thou art a swearer , a vain spender of thy time , it may be thou art a neglecter of the duties of the worship of God , and of thy duties towards men , &c. thou art a man in some constant course , in some way of sin or other : I say this shewes thee to stand as a condemned man , and in the state of a condemned man. I say not that such a man shall infallibly be damned , because God may give him repentance that he may come out of the snare of the divel ; but we say he stands for the present in the state of a condemned person , and he is condemned by the Law , and remains so till this be reversed by repentance , till he have sued out this pardon by interresting himself in Christ . Therefore consider this seriously , that there is not that sin in thought that thou committest , not any act of sin whatsoever ; but because of that sin thou art condemned in Law , therefore thou standest in the state of a condemned person for that sin : therefore there must be somewhat done now to take off this . I say a man may have a pardon , and yet if he sue it not out it is of no force , or use to him ; so let no man talk he is a justified person by Christ , but thou must sue out this pardon . Therefore we are taught , upon daily suing , to renew our daily prayers for the pardon of sin . There must be a daily suing out of the pardon , and that upon this ground : so there must be a daily condemning of thy self , and of sin in thy self . Alas what shall become of a world of men and women ? ( I speak not of those that are without , we leave them , they are condemned in the sight of all the world , but ) we speak of those that are now in the Church ; of those that go somewhat forward in the profession of Religion , and hope and are perswaded that they are in a good case , and yet have little care to set things right between God and themselves ; but though such and such actions be condemned by the Law , yet they hope that there is a general mercy that will pardon it , though they never sue out their pardon . I say the Law shall pass on thee till thou do that that concerns thee , to be released from the rigour and sentence of the Law , he that confesseth and forsakes his sins shall find mercy , Prov. 28.13 . This must be done , and so in other particulars ; the Scripture is large in these things , and somewhat must be done by us to sue out this pardon : that though there be an act of pardon in God , a free act , yet there must somewhat be done by us to sue out this pardon for our selves , or else we stand in the state of condemned persons . But these things I leave to your meditations , and so I fall upon the next point , which I will briefly touch , and that is no more but thus : that since there shall be a proceeding in the day of judgement by the Law , wherein mens actions and words shall be brought to account ; therefore , The consideration of the day of judgement , should be an effectual insentive and provocation to stir men to a holy , and conscionable walking in this life . So speak and so do , as those that shall be judged by such a Law. Since the Apostle makes this use of it to direct us both in our speeches , and actions , I say we may learn hence , that the consideration of the judgement to come , wherein Christ will proceed according to the Law , it should be an effectual means to make us careful of holiness and new obedience , so to speak and so to do as those whose words and actions must be brought to judgement . Now that this is so , and is intended so , and hath prevailed with the servants of God , I might prove many wayes . I will rank and order the proof under these heads . First , I will shew you how this hath been a means to draw some to the wayes , and duties of obedience . Secondly , how it hath been the way to direct , and guide others in those actions . Thirdly , how it hath confirmed and strengthned them in those actions : and by this we shall see what it should be to us . Frst , we shall see how it hath been a way to draw men to the actions of obedience . How are men drawn to be obedient ? First , they are drawn from their own sins , from their own evil wayes . Now the consideration of the judgment to come , it hath prevailed , and been used for this purpose , to draw men from their sins . As we see in Eccles . 11. saith Solomon to the young man ; Rejoyce now in thy youth ; it is Ironnically spoken , but now , saith he , that for these things thou shalt come to judgment . That is , let this cool thy courage , and moderate thy excessive joy , know that thou shalt come to judgment . Act. 17.30 . Now ( saith he ) God calls upon all men , every where to repent : because he hath appointed a time in which he will judge the world . He calls men to repentance by this argument , because he will judge the world , and hath appointed a time for it . You know repentance it is nothing else but to forsake our former evils : Now he calls them to repentance , because he will judge the world , and so calls as he draws men from sin . First , he draws men from the world to God by this . You know that even worldly affections hinder men from coming to the obedience of Christ : therefore , saith the Apostle , I account all as dung , &c. Philip. 3.7 . Why ? because he looked for a Resurrection , his thoughts were upon that : and saith he vers 20. our conversation is in heaven , from whence we look for the Lord Jesus Christ . Therefore we are drawn to this holy course of obedience , because we look for Christ from heaven . And then again in the disposing of men to new obedience : there is not only a forsaking of sin , and the world , but besides that , there is an inward qualifying of the heart : Now the heart is qualifyed ; that is , it is fitted by certaine qualities to the service of God , by the help of this consideration , as we see Eccles . 12.10 . You see the sum of all , fear God , and keep his Commandements : for God will bring every work to judgment : Upon this ground he minds them to fear God , which is that quality that disposeth a man to keep his Commandements ; he perswades them upon this ground : because God will bring every work to judgement . Let us have grace in our hearts to serve the Lord with reverenee and fear , Heb. 12. I say , this qualifies and disposeth us to the service of God ; and we are fitted to seek , and to serve God with due reverence and fear , by the consideration of the judgment to come , that he is a God that will judge the world . So in Revel . 14. he would have the Nations to fear God , because he will come to judge the world . So much for the first thing : you see the consideration of the judgment to come , prepares men to holiness . Secondly , besides that , it quickens them to all the actions of obedience , when they are in it : when now a man is in a good course , and his heart is prepared to seek God aright , yet nevertheless there are many temptations , and many corruptions , that sometimes indispose , and unfit his heart again . Now then the consideration of the judgment to come , it serves to revive and quicken the heart to these actions , too . Those of a mans particular Calling . Those of his general Calling . For his particular calling , the Apostle exhorts Timothy , and charged him , before God and Christ , that shall judge the quick and the dead , to be faithful in his ministery ; He would have him faithful in his ministery upon this ground , because Christ will come with his elect Angels , to judge the quick and the dead . And so for our general Calling , Act. 24. I desire to keep a good conscience before God and men upon this ground ; because I beleeve the Resurrection , and so a judgement to come . So in 2 Pet. 3.11 . Seeing all these things shall be dissolved , what manner of persons ought we to be in all holy conversation and godliness ? Why ? all these things shall be dissolved , therefore we had need to be other manner of persons then we are , to be better kind of persons then we have been . Thus , I say , the servants of God quicken themselves to more holiness , upon consideration of the judgment to come . Thirdly , they have been confirmed , and strengthened upon this ground : for when the heart of man is brought to this plight , that he must be ever chearful , and lively , and active in the service of God : yet there are many discouragements , and temptations to draw him out of the way again ; that it may be he may fall , if he have not somewhat to support him , and hold him up : therefore the consideration of the judgment to come , it hath kept the hearts of Gods servants in a good frame , when they have been in it . Saith the Apostle , be constant , and immovable , alwayes abounding in the work of the Lord , for as much as ye know that your labour is not in vain in the Lord , 1 Cor. 15. As if he had said , You know this , that there will a time come when it will appear that you serve not God in vain , therefore for the present be constant in the good you are in : Hold fast that thou hast till I come , saith Christ to the Church of Philadelphia , and let no man take thy crown , Rev. 3.21 . Christ will come , and it is but holding fast a-while , and then the Church shall have a crown ; and the servants of God shall have a crown of glory , an abundant recompence of all that they have done in the service of God , therefore hold fast . Hereupon , Jam. 5. the Apostle exhorts co patience , because they should meet with many persecutions , and oppositions , be patient , for the coming of the Lord draws neer . Bear the injuries that you suffer for the present , and the indignities , and the unkind usage of men , for the coming of the Lord draws neer , when you shall have a plentiful harvest : so he goes on illustrating this by a comparison taken from a Husbandman that waits for a harvest , and then he shall have a plentiful crop , and increase , for all his pains in Winter , and in seed time : so saith he , the Lord will come , and then you shall have a plentiful increase . A word or two for the Use of this . Since this is the Use that the servants of God have made , and that we should make of the Judgment to come , therefore to be more careful in the duties of obedience , and holiness , so to speak , and so to doe , as those that shall be judged . It first shewes the cause of the discouragements of Gods servants , and the prophaneness of the world , is , because they perfectly beleeve not the judgment to come . The hearts of Gods servants would not droup so , they would not be so faint , so dejected , and discouraged , if they beleeved that there were such a judgment to come , wherein Christ will abundantly recompence all their sorrows , and labours , wherein he will bring his reward with him plentifully . Again , the wicked world would not be so prophane as they are : drunkards , and swearers , and Sabbath-breakers , and all sorts of wicked persons , they would not give themselves so to sin as they do , if in truth , they did perfectly beleeve there were a judgment to come ; when all their words , and actions , their company , their time , and every thing shall be brought to account . I say , the cause of all prohaneness is this , here it begins ; men beleeve not the judgment to come . The Apostles were troubled with these kind of scoffers ; Where is the promise of his coming ? So they hardened themselves upon the observation of the continuance of the seasons upon the face of the earth in like manner from the beginning . Well , saith the Apostle ; God is not slack , as men count slackness , but is patient , and forbearing , that men may repent ; but at the last he will come , and come with flaming sire . So , this is certain , whatsoever you think , and put the evil day far off from you , yet there is a judgment coming , wherein all your actions , and affections , and speeches , and your whole conversation shall be scanned , and brought to the rules of this law that you have despised . Therefore let men take heed , and know it is a device of Satan to harden their hearts ; either to think that the law is a dead letter , I mean in respect of the directing use of it , that it is of no use to direct them ; it is a device of Satan to put them off : for they shall find that that law will judge them , that now should direct them . And then again for men to think that there shall be no Judgment , or not such proceedings according to the law : this is a trick of the Divel , to keep men in prophaneness , and hardness of heart . Therefore secondly , if we would grow up in holiness in the fear of God : Let us prefect , and strengthen our faith in assenting to this truth , that there is such a judgment to come , wherein our words , and actions , and all shall be brought to account . Therefore so speak , and so do , as those that shall be judged . Thou art now in company , and thou speakest amongst men ; but thy words are with God , they are written in thy conscience , as it is in Jeremy , upon the Table of thy heart , there they are written : the words that thou hast for gotten seven years agoe , it may be twenty years agoe , and never tookest a course to get them blotted out by repentance , there they are written , and these words shall be brought to judgment , and so many actions as thou hast neglected , therefore look to it . First bewail those words and actions past , as things that else will come to judgement , if thou judge not thy self before-hand . And then again for the time to come , set on a resolution to walk daily , as one that may die every day , and then shall be brought to judgment . Therefore judge thy self daily , renew thy Covenant , settle thy peace on a right ground daily , and perfect holiness in the fear of God daily , as one that expectest a Judgment . Saint Jude condemns those that feasted without fear . They were at their Tables , companying , and feasting , as men without fear . S. Jerome speaks of himself , that whatsoever he was doing , he had a fearful apprehension of the day of Judgment ; Alwayes , saith he , whether I eate or drink , or whatsoever I do , I here the Trumpet , and the voyce of the Arch-Angel saying , Arise ye dead , and come to judgment . Well , I say , do thou so , let this be thy serious thought , and do it not slightly ; but think that this may be thy last word , and thou must be brought to judgment for it : this may be thy last opportunity , and thy last action , and thou must be brought to judgment for that . Do things in this manner , as those that so speak and so do , that they must be judged . Wouldest thou be content to have thy oaths brought before Christ in judgment ? if not , take heed of swearing : for it is judged already by the law : therefore judg , and condemn thy sins in thy self , and forsake them , that thou maist find mercy . Wouldest thou be found guilty of Sabbath-breaking at the day of Judgment ? if not repent of thy former guilt , and be more conscionable of sanctifying the Sabbath after . And so I may say of every sin . Wouldest thou be found an Usurer ? a Deceiver ? unrighteous in any course ? a scoffer ? a prophane person ? Wouldest thou appear before Christ so in judgment ? If not , repent of thy guilt in this kind , that thy sins may be done away , when the time of refreshing shall come from the presence of Christ . And in the mean time set thy self in a contrary course to that thou hast been : do as one that would have Death find thee in a good course : for as death leaves thee , judgment shall find thee . If Death find the in a state of repentance , in a course of reformation of thy evil wayes , judgment shall find thee so too . Let Death therefore find thee as a man interest in Christ , as a man humbling thy soul , abhoring thy self for thy former sins : let Death find thee as a man reforming all those evils that are condemned in the Word , and in thy conscience . Now when I say , let Death find the so , I mean , set about it presently : for how soon Death may set upon thee thou knowest not , whether to night or no : and if this be not now done , if thou set not about it now , it may be too late , thou shalt have no more time , therefore do that now , and go on constantly after , knowing that Death may find thee every moment . Therefore it is that God keeps from us ( upon purpose , as it were ) the certain knowledge of the time of Death , that we may be alwayes prepared for Death . SINNES STIPEND : AND GODS MUNIFICENCE . SERMON XXIX . ROM . 6.23 . For the wages of sin is death ; but the gift of God is eternal life , through Jesus Christ our Lord. THe latter part of this Chapter , from the 12 Verse to the end , is spent in a grave and powerful dehortation of the faithful , from security in sin : against which the Apostle useth sundry arguments . That which he presseth most is drawn from the several ends to which sin and righteousness doth lead men : The end of sin is death , verse 21. therefore that is not to be served : The end of righteonsness is life everlasting , verse 22. therefore that is to be imbraced . Because there is now difference in the manner of the proceeding of these two ends , Death coming from sin as from the meritorious cause , but life from Righteousness , another manner of way : therefore the Apostle adds this Epilogue and Conclusion in the last Verse , plainly shewing , and more clearly expressing the manner of them both : For the wages ( saith he ) of sin is death , but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. In which words we have a description of a twofold service . Of sin in the former clause . And of God , or righteousness in the latter . And how both these are rewarded . The one with death ; it payes us well . And the other with life , which is bestowed by the free gift of God through Christ . These are the two parts , the two general points that we are to consider . First , the wages of sin is death , saith the Apostle . [ Of sin ] That is , of the depravation , and corruption of our nature , and so consequently of every sin , that being not only it self sin , but the matter , and mother of all sin , when sin hath conceived it bringeth forth death , when sin is put forth , whereby he signifieth the general depravation and corruption of our nature , from whence all sin flowes . So it is here . [ The wages ] The word in the original signifieth properly victuals , because victuals was that that the Roman Emperours gave their souldiers as wages , in recompence of their service : but thence the word extends to signifie any other wages or Salary whatsoever . The wages of sin [ is death ] by death here is signified and meant , both temporal and eternal death , especially eternal death ; for it is opposed to eternal life in the next clause of the sentence , therefore that is that that is principally meant , The wages of sin is death , that is eternal death . This for the exposition of the terms . The point to be observed from this first part of the Text is this ; that , Death is due to sin , as wages to one that earns it . To such a one wages is due in strict justice , if a man have a hired servant , he may bestow a free gift on him if he will , if he will not he may choose ; but his stipend or his wages he must pay him unless he will be unjust , for it is the price of his work , and so is due to him that he cannot without injustice with-hold it . After such a manner is death due to sin : the very demerit of the work of sin requires it , as being eraned . God is as just in inflicting death upon sinners for their sins , as any man is in paying his labourer or hired servant their wages : for this is the general plain scope of the Apostles words here . So in the beginning God appointed , Gen. 2.17 . where he told Adam concerning the forbidden fruit , in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shallt die the death . As if he should have said , when thou sinnest , death must be thy wages . The same is repeated , Ezck. 18.20 . where it is said , the soul that sinneth shall die , expressing the wages of sin , it is death , that is the recompence of sin : if sin have his due then death must follow . So the Apostle had shewed before in this Epistle , Rom. 5.12 . that by one man sin entred into the world , and death by sin , so death went over all men , for as much as all men had sinned . All had sinned , therefore all are payed with death . And Saint James shews the consequence and connexion between these two , the work and the wages , he tels us , Jam. 1.15 . that when sin hath conceived it bringeth forth death . All these places are evidences that death by Gods ordinance , by his appointment is the due of sin , as due to it , even as wages is to a hired servant or one that hath earned it . What death is it that is due to sin ? Both temporal and eternal death . I say both deaths ; concerning both which the truth is to be cleared from some doubts . It was the Pelagians errour to think that man should have died a natural death , though he had never sinned : so they thought that the natural , temporal , bodily death , was not the wages of sin . Contrary to the Apostle in the place I speak of , Rom. 5. where he makes that death that goes over all men , ( which must needs be natural death ) to enter by sin , sin brought in death ; no sin , no death at all . But it may be objected , when God told Adam in the day that he eat the forbidden fruit he should die the death , he meant not temporal death there , as the event shewes , for such a death was not inflicted upon Adam in the day that he sinned ; for after he sinned he lived still in the world naturally , he continued living many years after . I answer , not withstanding all this Adam may be said to die a natural death as soon as he sinned , because by the guilt of his sin he then presently became subject to it , and God straight-way denounced upon him the sentence of death , therefore it may be said , he straight-way dyed . As a condemned person is called a dead man though he be respited for a time . Besides the Messengers and Sergeants of death presently took hold of him , and arrested him for sin , as hunger and thirst , and cold , and diseases , daily wasting of the natural moysture to the quenching of life . Indeed God suffered him that the sentence was not presently executed , so to commend his own patience , and to give to Adam occasion of salvation , the promise of Christ being after made , and he called to repentance , by that means to attain a better life by Christ , then he lost by sin . It is objected again , Christ redeemed us from all sin , and all the punishment thereof ; but he did not redeem us from bodily death , from temporal death : for the faithful we see die still even as others do : therefore it is concluded by some that temporal death is not the wages of sin ; for then when we were free from sin by Christ , we should be freed from that . Our answer to this is , that Christ hath freed all his elect , not only from eternal , but even from temporal death , though not from both in the same manner . From temporal death first , in hope of which the Apostle speaking , 1 Cor. 15. saith , The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death , meaning temporal death , at last then it shall be destroyed , mortal shall put on immortality , as the Apostle speaks : but in the mean time it is destroyed in hope , though it remain indeed , and must be undergone , even of the faithful in this life . Howbeit to them Christ hath changed the nature of it , and now they no longer undergo it as the wages of sin , but for other causes . As first , the exercise of their graces , their faith , and hope , and patience , and the rest : all these are exercised ( as in other afflictions so even ) in the death of Gods Children . Secondly , the total removal and riddance of the reliques of sin from which they are not freed in this life : but when they die , then all sin is taken away : for as at the first sin brought death into the world , so to the faithful now death carries it out again . Thirdly their entrance into heaven , and to be at home with the Lord , from whom we are absent as long as we are at home in these bodies . Fourthly , to prepare their bodies for renuing at the last day , that is done by death : for as a decayed Image or statue must first be broken that it may be new cast , so these bodies of ours must be broken by death , that they may be cast into a new mould of immortality at the general resurrection . But here as some sin remains , so death remains , though we be in Christ , yet we are still in that estate wherein , it is appointed to all men once to die . Thus even temporal death is left to the Children of God to be undergone , before they come to heaven . It is left to them I say , and that justly in respect of the remnants of sin , yet they undergo it no other way , but for their own good and benefit . However temporal death in its own nature to an unbeleever , is the wages of sin . And as temporal , so eternal death : for when God told man that in the day he finned he should die the death , he meant not only temporal but eternal death , he meant that principally , as I shewed before , in that the Apostle opposeth it to eternal life in the next clause of the sentence : Now Christ hath freed all beleevers actually from eternal death . But how eternal death should be the wages of sin , may be doubted : because between the work and the wages there must be some proportion , that seems not to be between sin and eternal death : for sin is a finite , a temporal thing committed in a short time , and that death is eternal . Now to punisha temporal fault , with an eternal punishment , it seems that it is to make the punishment to exceed the fault , and that is against justice . But for an answer to this doubt , we must know , that however sin considered in the act , and as it is a transcient action it is finite , yet in other respects it is infinite , and that in a threefold consideration . First , in respect of the object against whom it is committed : for being the offence of an infinite Majesty , it deserves an infinite punishment : for we know oftences are reckoned of for their greatness , according as the greatness of the person is , against whom they are committed . If he that clips the Kings coyn , or deface the Kings Arms , or counterfeit the broad Seal of England , or the Princes privie Seal , ought to die as a traytor , because this disgrace tends to the person of the Prince , much more ought he that violates the law of God , die , the first and second death too , because it tends to the defacing of the Image , and the disgracing of the person of God himself , who is contemned and dishonoured in every sin . Secondly , sin is infinite in respect of the subject wherein it is , the soul of man. Seeing the soul is immortal , and of an everlasting substance , and that the guilt of sin , and the blot together stain the soul , as a crimson , and skarlet die upon wooll : and can no more be severed from the soul then the spots from the Leopard : it remains as the soul is eternal , and as that is everlasting , so sin is infinite in durance , and continuance , and deserves an infinite wages , and punishment , which is eternal death . Thirdly , it is infinite also in respect of the tie , between the desire , and endeavour of an impenitent sinner : for his desire is to walk on still in sin , and except God cut off the line of life , never to give over sinning : but he would run on infinitely , committing sin , even with greediness . And it is reason that as God accepts the will for the deed in godliness , so he should punish the will for the deed in wickedness : if we sin according to our eternity in our will and purpose to sin , God will punish us according to his eternity : it is just , that they that would never be without sin ( if they might have their own will ) should never be without punishment . Thus we see eternal death is the wages of sin , though sin be committed in a moment , though it be a transcient action in it self , yet it is just with God to give it the wages of eternal death . So you see Death , both temporal and eternal is the wages of sin . We come to the Use of the point , being thus declared . First , it teacheth us ( contrary to the Doctrine of the Church of Rome ) that original lust , and concupiscence in the regenerate is a sin : for how else should God be just in inflicting temporal death upon infants that are regenerate ? actual sins they have none ; and if they have no original sin neither , then God should inflict the wages of sin , where there were no sin , which connot be , because there is no iniquity with God. Therefore certain it is , that after regeneration , this original lust , though the guilt of it be taken away , yet as sin it remains , the substance of it still remains , and will as long as we live in this world . For it is in us , as it is well compared , as the Ivy is in the wall , which having taken root so twines , and incorporates it self , that it can never be quite rooted out till the wall be taken down : so , till body and soul be taken a sunder by death , there will be no total riddance of Original corruption , and the depravation of our nature , it is still in us , as appears by the temporal death , even of the best Saints , of those that are most sanctified in this life , it shews there is remainders of corruption in them still : for if there were not sin , there would not be the wages of sin : there would not be death , if there were not sin . Secondly , the Use of it is to take away a fond Popish distinction of mortal , and venial sin : they teach some sins to be venial ; that is , such sins as in their own nature deserve not death , whereas the Apostle here speaking of all sin in general , he saith , the wages thereof is death . And how can it be otherwise when all sin is the transgression of the Law , and Saint John defines it , and all transgression of the Law deserves , and is worthy of the curse , which is both the first and second death , for Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things that are witten in the book of the Law to do them . There is no sin then , but it is worthy of death , therefore there is no such venial sin as they dream of . We deny not , but that some sins are venial , and some mortal in another sence , not in respect of the nature of the sin , but of the estate of the person in whom the sins are ; so we say all the sins of the Elect are venial , because they either are or shall be pardoned . And all the sins of reprobate persons are mortal , because they shall never be pardoned . It is the mercy of God ( and not from the nature of the sins ) that makes them venial : for otherwise every sin in it self considered ( be it never so small ) is mortal : for if it work according to its own nature , it works death of body and soul . It is a foolish exception that they bring against it , that thus we make all sins equal ; and that we bring in with the Stoicks , a parity of sin , because we say all are mortal . It is a foolish cavil : for it is as if one should argue , because the Mouse , and the Elephant , are both living creatures , that therefore they are both of equal bigness : Though all sins be mortal , they are not all equal , some are greater , and some are lesser , according as they are extended , and aggravated by time , and place , and person , and sundry other circumstances . Suppose one should be drowned in the middest of the Sea , and another in a shallow pond : in respect of death all were one , both are drowned : but yet there is great difference in respect of the place , for depth , and danger . So there is great difference in this , though the least sin in its own nature be mortal , as the Apostle saith here , the wages of it is death . Thirdly , seeing the wages of sin is death , it should teach us what Use to make of death , being presented before our eyes at such times as this : hereby we should call to remembrance the grievousness of sin that brought it into the world : by the woful wages we should be put in mind of the unhappy service . Had there not been sin , there would have been no death : upon the death of the soul came in the death of the body : first the soul died in forsaking God , and then the body died being forsaken of the soul : the soul forsook God willingly ; therefore it was compelled unwillingly to forsake the body . This is the manner how death came into the world by sin , therefore death must put out sin . That housholder , when he saw tares grow among his wheat , he said to his servants , the envious man hath done this : So whensoever thou feest Death seize upon any , say to thy self , sin hath done this : this is the wages of sin : and if man had never sinned ; we should have seen no such thing . Fourthly , this must deter us from sin , since it gives such wages . Indeed the manner of sin is for the most part ( if not alwayes ) to promise better , but it is deceitful , and this is the wages it payes thee . The wages of sin is death . The word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , translated wages , some take it quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , of the evening , because wages are paid in the evening . So the morning of sin may be fair , but the evening will be foul when the wages come . At the first sin may be pleasing , but remember the end , the end of it is death . Like to a fresh River that runs into the salt Sea , the stream is sweet , but it ends in brackishness and bitterness . Or like to Nebuchadnezzars Image , the head was gold , but the feet were of clay . Or sin may be compared to that Feast that Absalom made for Amnon ; there was great chear and jollity , and mirth for a while , but all closed in Death , in bloudshed , and murther . It deales with men , as Laban dealt with Jacob ; he entertains him at the first with great complements , but used him hardly at the last . Or as the Governour of the feast said , Joh. 2. All men in the beginning set forth good wine , and then that which is worse : so sin gives the best at the first , but the worst it reserves for the last . This should keep us from every sin , though it seems never so pleasing , and never so sweet to us , remembring that the worst is still to come . We read that when the people saw that Saul forbad them to eat , though they were exceeding hungry , yet not one of them durst touch the honey for the curse , though they saw it : so the pleasures of sin may drop as honey before our eyes , but we must not adventure to taste of them , because they are cursed fruit , and because of the wages that will follow . Never take sin by the head , by the beginnings , as the greatest part do ; but take it as Jacob took Esau , by the heel ; look to the extream part of it ; Consider thy end , and thou shalt not do amiss . Jezabel might have allured a man , when having painted her face she looked out of the window , but to look upon her after she was cast out , eaten of doggs , and nothing remaining but her extream parts , her scull , and the palms of her hands , and her feet , it could not be but with horrour : so sin may allure a man , looking only on the painted face , in the beginning , but if a man cast his eye upon the extream parts , it would then affright , and deter him , for the wages , the end of it is death . What a world of people run blindly , and desperately on , they turn to the race of sin , as the horse to the battel without fear , as if the Psalmists Tremble , and sin not , were rather . sin and tremble not . Whereas we have great cause every one , to tremble at the least motion of sin in our selves , to which so dreadful , and woful wages is due . Lastly , for this point , so many of us as have repented , and have already left the service of sin , we must hence learn , as to be humbled in our selves , considering what danger and misery we have escaped ; so to be more thankful to Christ , that hath freed us from so wretched wages due to our sins , and that by taking the whole punishment upon himself . For we must know ( beloved ) that the best of us , by nature are children of wrath , as well as others : the stipend that we have earned is eternal death , and surely it hath been payed to us , nothing could have kept it from us , but only the satisfaction of Christ , coming between Gods justice and us . Think we then if we can , what misery it is that we have escaped ( as many of us , I mean as be in the state of grace ) we have escaped death , the hurt of temporal death , we have escaped eternal death . What is that ? a separation from the blessed presence , and glory of God : destruction of body and soul for ever , unutterable torments , company with the divel and his angels , and the rout of reprobates : darkness , blacker , and thicker then that of Egypt , Weeping and wayling , and gnashing of teeth in the infernal lake ; that worm that never dies , and the fire that never goeth out . This is the wages of all sin : and that it is not rendred to all sin , and to all sinners , the cause is only this , that the payment hath been already exacted of Christ in the behalf of all true beleevers ; therefore in their own persons they are discharged : how infinitely are we bound in thankfulness to him ? and how careful should we be to walk worthy of it ? resolving never to return to the service of sin again , but to make it our whole study , that we may please and honour such a Redeemer , that hath redeemed us from such misery as this ; that we may please him : for we had deserved eternal death , as well as others , and he hath not only freed us from that , that we had most worthily deserved , but most freely also bestowed that upon us , that we could never deserve ; for so it followes in the next point . The gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. That is the second thing to be considered , the reward of the service of God. You have heard of the reward , the wages of sin . Now the reward of the service of God is eternal life , it is called life . There is a twofold life belongs to men . The one is natural , and is common to all , good and bad in this world . The other spiritual , proper to the faithful , begun by the union of God , and the soul , and maintained by the bond of the spirit : and this life hath three degrees . The first is in this life unto death ; and it begins when we begin to beleeve and repent , and come to a saving knowledge of God , and of his Son Jesus Christ : as it is said , This is eternal life to know thee to be the very God , and whom thou hast sent Jesus Christ , Joh. 17.3 . The second degree is from our death to our resurrection : for in that time our souls being freed from our bodies , are withal free from all sin , original , and actuall . Thirdly , after the Resurrection , when body and soul shall be reunited , we shall have immediate communion and fellowship with God , and so enjoy a more perfect and blessed life then ever 〈◊〉 could here . And this spiritual life , with all the three degrees of it , is the life here spoken of , especially the last degree , the perfection of it in heaven . It is called eternal life , because it shall never end ; For a thing is said to be eternal three wayes . First , which hath neither beginning , nor end , so God alone is eternal , and none but he . Secondly , which hath no beginning , and yet shall have an end : so Gods decree is eternal , for it never had a beginning : yet when all things decreed are fulfilled , it shall have an end . Thirdly , which hath a beginning , but never shall have end , and so the life of Gods Saints had a beginning , as all created things have , but it shall never have an end ; and this eternal life , it is called here . The gift of God through Jesus Christ our Lord. Because we cannot deserve it , but it is given , and bestowed on us freely for Christ . So then the point of observation from the latter part of the words is this ; that , Our salvation it is the free gift of God , given us only for the merits of Christ . For observe I beseech you the Apostles words , when he had said , The wages of sin is death , he doth not add , and say , but the wages of righteousness is eternal life , but he calls that the gift of God. To make us understand saith Damascene that God brings us to eternal life meerly for his own mercy , not for our merits , or else surely the Apostle would have made the latter part of the sentence , answerable to the former . But here perhaps some may ask why eternal life should not be the wages of righteousness , as well as death the wages of sin ? I answer , because there is not the same reason between sin and righteousness . For first , sin is our own , it merits it , but righteousness is none of our own , it is the holy Ghosts and it is due to God. Then again sin is perfectly evil , and so it deserves death , but our righteousness inherent is not perfectly good , it is imperfect in this life , and nothing that is imperfectly good can merit ( as wages ) eternal life : therefore the Apostle makes such a manifest difference between them , he calls death , the wages of sin , but eternal life , the gift of God , it is the free gift of God through Christ . Indeed eternal life sometimes , many times in Scripture is called a reward . But there is a reward of mercy as well as of justice . Nay God is said sometimes to reward his children in justice . How is that ? Though the reward come originally from mercy , yet accidentally it comes to be justice , thus , because God hath tyed himself by promise to reward , now promise is debt from a just man. Thus the Lord may be accounted a debtor . How ? saith Saint Austin , as a promiser , if he had not promised eternal life , otherwise he ows us nothing at all , much less eternal life which is so great a thing . Yet it may be doubted , how eternal life is the free gift of God , seeing it is given for the merits of Christ , as it is here exprest the gift of God through Jesus Christ our Lord , that is , for the merits of Christ ; now a man that gives a thing upon merit , he gives it not freely . I answer it is free in respect of us ; whatsoever Christ hath done we did not merit it . If it be replyed , Christs merits are made ours , and we merit in him , and so it cannot be free . I answer , this reason were of force if we our selves could procure the merits of Christ for us , but that we could not do , but that also was of free gift , Ioh. 3. God so loved the world that he gave his onely begotten Son , that he that beleeves in him should not perish : he gave him freely , of free gift ; so that though eternal life be due to us by the merits of Christ , yet it is the free gift of God. I will stand no longer in proving the truth of the Doctrine . I come to the application and use , to conclude with the time . First , it serves to confute our adversaries of the Church of Rome in the point of merit . They look for heaven and eternal life as wages , we see the Apostle teacheth us otherwise , that eternal life is not given in that manner , but another manner of way ; It is not given as wages , it is the free gift of God. And in Rom. 8. he saith , that the sufferings of this life is not worthy of the glory that shall be revealed : all our sufferings , all our works they are not worthy of the glory of God , we connot properly merit them . This was the constant Doctrine of the primitive Church : that a good life when we are justified , and an eternal life when we are glorified ; they all grant that all that is good in us is the gift of God ; that eternal life is not a retribution to our works but the free gift of God. When God crowns our merits , he crowns nothing else but his own free gift : these and many other sentences we find among the ancient Fathers , plainly convincing our adversaries , that in this point they swerve not only from Scripture , but from all sound antiquity . Secondly , then to come to our selves , this should humble us in respect of our own deservings ; do all the good thou canst , take heed it do not puff thee up , think not to merit heaven , alas thou canst not do it : for what is it to the Almighty , ( as it is said in Job ) that thou art righteous ? Thy well doing extends not to him , thou canst do him no good , therefore thou canst look for nothing at his hands since thou canst do him no good : but all that thou dost in his service , it is not for his but for thy good , yet he commands thee , and thou art bound to do it , but all thou canst do is no more then thou art bound to do . Therefore when thou hast done all that thou canst , acknowledge thy self to bean unprofitable servant , and thou hast done no more then thy duty . If thou hast many good works , yet thou hast more sin ; and the least sin of thine in the rigour of justice , will deprive thee of thy interest in God. Therefore thy appeal must be to the throne of grace , and thy only plea must be that of the Publican , every one of us , God be merciful to me a sinner ; when we have done all we can , it must be mercy , and not any merit of ours that must bring us to heaven . Thirdly , here is comfort for the children of God , in that this inestimable treasure of eternal life is not committed to our keeping , but God hath it in his keeping . It is his gist , it is not committed to the rotten box of our merits , then we could have no certainty of it , the devil would easily pick the Lock ; yea without picking he would shake in pieces the crazy joynts of the best work we do ; he would steal it from us , and take it away , and deprive us of this excellent benefit : but the Lord hath dealt better for us , he hath kept it in his own hands , he hath laid it up in the Cabinet of his own mercy and love that never fails : for with everlasting mercy he hath compassion on us , Isa . 54. he loves us with an everlasting love . It is his mercy that we are not consumed , because his compassions fail not : and whom he loves he loves to the end . It is laid up in the mercy of God , he will have it his gift ; lest we should keep it , and it should be lost , he hath reserved it in his own hands . Therefore in temptations when they drive us to doubt of our attaining of eternal life , let us cast our eye upon the keeper of it , it is the Lord , he is wary to discern , and faithful to bestow it : therefore let us comfort our selves and say every one of us as Saint Paul , 2 Tim. 1.12 . I know whom I have trusted , and I am perswaded that he is able to keep that which I have committed to him against that day . Lastly , seeing eternal life is the free gift of God , it must make us thankful to him for it ; which we should never do , if we deserved it ; doth a master thank his servant for doing his duty ? So , if we did think heaven were our due , we should never be thankful for it . Pride is a great enemy to thankfulness ; therefore the way is to humble our selves , and to consider that we deserve no good thing at Gods hands , then we will take this great benefit at Gods hands most thankfully . Especially when we consider , it is all that God requires of us , as he saith , Psal . 50. Call upon me in the day of trouble , I will hear thee and deliver thee , and what shalt thou do ? Thou shalt glorifie me . Glorifying God , and being thankful to him , is all the tribute we are to pay to this our royal Lord ; and shall we deny him this ? It is a small benefit that is not worth thanks ; We set eternal life at too low a rate , if we forget to be thankful . There was never a precious Jewel afforded so cheap as eternal life for our thankfulness . If we did know what it were to want it , we would give ten thousand worlds rather then be without it . Therefore as Naamans servants said to him concerning his washing in Jordan , if the Prophet had commanded thee a greater thing , wouldest thou not have done it ? So if God had commanded us a great matter for eternal life we should have done it ; how much more , when he saith take it , and be thankful ; be but thankful . Thus I have described to you this twofold service , the wages of sin , that is death , temporal , eternal : The service of righteousness , the wages , and reward of that , eternal life , which is not wages but the gift of God. So that I may now say to you as Moses did to Israel , Deut. 30.19 . Behold I have set before you life and death , cursing and blessing . Therefore choose not cursing , chuse not sin , nor the wages thereof , it is death : but choose life , that you and your seed may live . If we follow sin , the wages will be death ; if we apply our selves to righteousness in the service of God , our reward shall be eternal life , not that we deserve it , but that it is the pleasure of our heavenly Father to bestow it upon us , For the wages of sin is death , and the gift of God is eternal life , through Jesus Christ our Lord. THE PROFIT OF AFFLICTIONS : OR , GODS AIM IN HIS CORRECTIONS . SERMON XXX . HEB. 12.10 . For they verily , for a few dayes chastned us after their own pleasure , but He for our profit , that we might be partakers of his holiness . THere are two things ( among many others ) eminently in Jesus Christ , which declare him to be an all-sufficient Saviour of his people ; and these the Scripture frequently setteth forth unto us in a most sweet conjunction , Righteousness and strength : So the Prophet , Surely , shall one say , in the Lord , have I Righteousness and strength . There are two things likewise in a Christian , which are of eminent sufficiency , in order to his salvation , and his possession of the Glorious Inheritance , purchased by this Saviour ; Faith and Patience ; often spoken of severally , and in particular , but withal jointly and together , as might be manifested by the allegations of Scripture ; as , be not slothful , but be ye followers of them , that by Faith and Patience inherit the promise , &c. Concerning these two which are so eminent in the called of God , and are sufficient in order to their possession of the purchased inheritance ; as the Scripture abundantly treateth of , so most frequently in the Epistle , and more especially , in the 10 , 11 , and 12. Chapters . In the latter end of the tenth Chapt. you have the Apostle there , first dogmatically handling the doctrine of Faith , as the necessary means to attain everlasting life , and as the principall conducement to the possession of glory , and to the saving of the soul ; The just shall live by Faith. In the beginning of the eleventh Chapter , he sheweth the absolute necessity of Faith , to an acceptable walking , and well-pleasing of God ; For without faith ( vers 6. ) it is impossible to please God : and the whole Chapter is further spent in setting down the glorious Examples , of Abel , and Enoch , and Noah , and Abraham , and the rest of the Elders , eminent for then Faith , by which ( saith he ) they received a good report : All whom , did worthily in their dayes , and are now become famous to posterity ; standing out to this day , also many living voyces , calling upon us to become followers of them , that we might together with them , be at length made partakers of the glorious inheritance of the Saints in light . The Apostle , have spoken much to this purpose , goeth on , to that other grace we spake of , so necessary to the constitution of a Christian , and to the enabling of him to a well and faithful managing of his Calling , and condition , and that is Patience . Propounded by way of exhortation in the first part of this twelfth Chapter ; and urged with respect to the necessary uses of it , both concerning duties done , and afflictions to be endured , in the verses following . First with respect to duties , which the Apostle propoundeth under the Metaphor of running in a race ( for such is the course of a Christian life ; which the Saints of God are called to the finishing of ) Let us run the race that is set before us ; and run with Patience . Secondly , it is urged with respect to sufferings , and that of two sorts , from men , from God. From men , from whom the faithful are to make account of sufferings in divers kinds , in shame and derision , in proud and insolent contradictions , and ( according to their power and opportunity ) in bloudy persecutions , You have not yet resisted unto bloud , vers . 4. From God : and here the Apostle is more large , urging his exhortation to Patience , and a quiet applying of our selves to God , according to all the states and conditions he is pleased to bring us unto , and according to all his several administrations towards us ; very strongly , labouring to fasten it in the hearts of the Saints of God , as a nayle in a sure place ; first alledging that same passage of Solomon in the Proverbs ; My son , despise not thou the chastening of the Lord. And then he further strengthneth his exhortation by invincible arguments . ( I do but touch upon these things , hast ening on to the main thing I intend ; only desiring to give you a plain , and brief Analasis of this Scripture , with the context of it . ) The Apostle ( I say ) driveth on this exhortation by strength of argument ; And that first of all , by propounding to the godly , that whereas the Lord is pleased , to exercise them with afflictions ; to make them drink many times of a cup of bitterness , yet they have reason to be quiet and patient , because this way the Lord giveth a proof of his love to his children : and those that are wise and godly , will be glad ( they have reason so to be ) that God should take such a course with them , as whereby he may give them a demonstration of his dear love and affection : Now herein the Lord evidenceth his love and affection to his people ; for all the afflictions and chastisements that he exerciseth them withall , flow from his love , and are as fruits thereof , For ( saith he ) whom the Lord loveth , he chasteneth , and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth , vers . 6. Secondly , he propoundeth it to their consideration as a course wherein the Lord giveth an evidence of his peoples adoption : For , what son is he whom the Father chasteneth not ? But if ye be without chastisement , whereof all his children are partakers , then are ye bastards and not sons , vers . 78. Now the godly should be glad , to have the Lord take such a course with them , and so to order out his administrations concerning them , as that they may have some comfortable evidence to their souls , that they are his adopted ones , and such as he will one day acknowledge for to be his children . But thirdly , and that which more concerneth our present purpose : the Apostle urgeth his exhortation by a comparison that he frameth , between God , the Father of spirits , and men , that are fathers of our flesh : we have had fathers of our flesh , and they verily , for a few dayes chastened us , and we gave them reverence ; shall we not much rather be in subjection to the Father of spirits and live ? they chastened us for their pleasure , but He , for our profit , that we might be partakers of his holiness . Wherein you see the comparison is laid out in several particulars ; and the preheminency , the advantage of the comparison is given to God ; for so is the scope and intent of the Text. It lieth thus briefly ; First , We have had fathers of our flesh , and God is the Father of Spirits ; if we have been contented to undergo the discipline of our earthly fathers , much more have we reason quietly and patiently to submit our selves to the proceedings of the Father of our spirits . Secondly ; They for a few dayes chastened us , and we gave them reverence ; it is but a few dayes neither , that the Father of spirits meaneth to keep us under his discipline : suppose it be all our time , and perhaps it shall be so , yet all that is , but the time of our minority ; and therefore if we have been content to submit to our earthly parents , their discipline for a few dayes , shall we not much more be in subjection to the Father of spirits , to his chastisement , though it be for our life-time ? for the disproportion is infinitely greater between the time of this life , compared with the state of maturity and ripe age which the Saints shall come to hereafter ; and the time of our minority and child-hood , compared with the state of full age and man-hood in this life ; for alas , how short are our dayes ! they are spent , even as a tale that is told . But lastly , that the Apostle might over-power the spirits of the godly , and quiet their minds , and make them compose themselves to a patient waiting upon God , and a willing submission to whatsoever condition he shall bring them into ; Our earthly parents ( saith he ) according to their pleasure , and many times in the strength of passion , and with over-much unadvisedness and heat of bloud , not so much respecting the weak condition of their children , chastened us ; but he , that is , our heavenly Father , the Father of spirits , for our profit ; and what profit ? that we might be partakers of his holiness . This is an Argument ( I conceive ) very sutable to the occasion of our meeting together at this time , in regard of those whom more especially , and neerly it concerneth , the Parents of this deceased young Gentleman ; whom the Lord is pleased now deeply to afflict , and to reach out to them a bitter Cup ; I shall endeavour therefore to speak somewhat in this Argument : And though it concerns them in a more special manner ; yet , it is a meditation , that concerns us all to take knowledge of ; and such a one , as if we belong to God , and that the Lord hath a purpose to bring to heaven , we shall have occasion in our time , to make often use of . Passing over therefore other things , let us come to consider of this latter part of the verse ; and of the latter part of the comparison here framed by the Apostle , in order to the strengthning of his main Argument , whereby he urgeth his exhortation , to the patient bearing of those Afflictions that God shall be pleased to exercise us withall : Our earthly Parents for a few dayes chastened us after their own pleasure , but He , the Father of our spirits , for our profit , that he might make us a partaker of his holiness . In the words themselves , we have to consider these particulars : And the main pillars of our discourse for the present ( letting passe the rest ) shall be these severals . First , we are to take knowledge of this point in the general , viz. That God Almighty is graciously set to procure , and further the good and profit of his people . Secondly , and more particularly , That in all the afflictions and chastisments he bringeth upon his people , his eye and aim is at their good . Thirdly ; The great profit , and benefit that God aimeth at , and intendeth to his people in all his fatherly administrations , especially of castigation , is , that be might make them partaker of his holiness . I begin with the first , and the more general point . You see the Text importeth it plain enough , that God Almighty is graciously set , for to procure , and promote , and further the good , and benefit , and profit of his people , of such as fear his name , of such as he is pleased to receive for his own : his heart ( I say ) is set upon them to do them good , he is studious of their profit , he hath a due respect to their benefit , in all his dealings and administrations to them . Next to his own glory , ( which is dearest to him of all things else , and good reason too , for that is better then salvation and eternal happiness . But I say next to his own glory ) and the glory of his beloved Son Jesus Christ ; the main thing that he aimeth at , is , that he might make his people happy with him ; and that they might be every way profited , and advantaged both in soul and body ; and furthered to eternal happiness . This will appear to us , if we consider first , The ordinances of God , which he hath appointed in order to his peoples good . Secondly , if we consider his commandements and impositions . And , Thirdly , if we consider all his various administrations toward them . All which will clearly manifest to us , that Gods aim in all , is , at the profit and benefit of his people . I shall touch but upon some particulars , and on them neither I shall but onely glance ; because I would keep my self within the compass of the time . First , consider the Lords ordinances that he hath provided for his people , and calleth them out to give attendance upon ; they are all with respect to his peoples profit , and an eye to that . As for instance ; That great Ordinance which God hath set up in his Church , namely , that of preaching , and dispensing of the sacred misteries of the Gospel ; it is with respect to his peoples profit ; To open their eyes , and to turn them from darkness to light , and from the power of Satan unto God , that they may receive forgiveness of sins , and an inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith in Christ ; That they might be brought into the fellowship of this mistery , and be inriched with all the treasures of the Gospel , And the Apostle saith , that all Scripture ( which this ordinance of Preaching is to be conversant about , that Scripture which we are to break abroad among you this way ) it is profitable ; Profitable for Doctrine , for reproof , for instruction , for correction ; and it will make the man of God perfect ; So profitable , as that it is able to perfect a man , to make him wise to salvation ; and we need no more wisdom . The like might I speak concerning the Sacrament of the Lords Supper ; It is instituted of God with an eye to his peoples benefit , that they may come to be made partakers of that profitable flesh and bloud ( for so I may justly call it ) of the Lord Jesus , It is not the bloud of Bulls and of Goats ; it is not the bloud of all the men in the world , that is profitable for such purposes , as the pacifying of the wrath of God , the quenching of the flames of his displeasure , the purging of the conscience from dead works ; of those we may say as David in another case , what profit is there in my bloud ? But there is profit in the bloud of Christ , and with respect to that , this ordinance is provided in the Church , that the people of God , attending thereon according to his institution may come to be made partakers of the vertue and benefit thereof ; having the remission of their sins , thereby sealed up to their consciences , through faith in that bloud . The like Instance might I give of Prayer , and the rest of those holy ordinances which God hath set up in his Church ; but I will name no more , lest I be prevented . Onely by the way consider this : Most unworthily do we deal with God , with Preaching , with the Sacrament , and with all these holy ordinances , if so be we do not reap profit , and benefit by them : A soul that liveth unprofitably under the dispensation of these , doth but take the name of God in vain : Every time we come to hear the Word preached , and to attend upon the Sacrament , and go away from them , no better then we were when we came to them , we take the name of God in vain ; and deal unworthily with these holy things : They are given to profit with , and we shall but encrease our own guiltiness , if we be not profited by them . But I say ( brethren ) this is that which God hath respect unto in all his provisions for his people , in the Institution of all his ordinances ; their profit and benefit : and when he findeth any ordinance that is not for the benefit of his people , though they be of his own institution , yet he takes them away ; therefore the Apostle speaking concerning the Mosaical Rites and institutions of the Ceremonial Law , he calleth them unprofitable , and beggerly rudiments , and so God himself counted of them , and for their unprofitableness , there was a gracious disanulment of them . But especially and above all , this will be most apparant if we cast our eyes upon the Lord Jesus , who is indeed the substance of our preaching ; and of our receiving the Sacrament , and of all the ordinances of God , and of all his promises : it is with respect to our profit that the Lord hath been pleased to ordain him , both in respect of his person , and the constitution of that ; and in respect of his offices , and all his fatherly administrations concerning him : a gracious respect he hath had in all to the profit of his Church , as might appear in the several particulars . A body hast thou prepared for me , ( saith he in the Psalm ) why ? That Christ might be the more profitable to his people ; fitted thereby to converse with , and to communicate himself unto them . The word was made flesh , and therefore made flesh that he might dwel among us ; that there might be a meet cohabitation with him . And as this was the respect God had in his incarnation , so it was in all his humiliation . What was the reason that he was acquainted with sorrows and griefs , and miseries , both from God and men ? but that he might be the more for our profit ; that we might have a merciful High Priest , that he might the better know from experience the way to commiserate , and compassionate his people in their distress . Yea in his death , in his resurrection , in his ascention , in his preferment at Gods right hand ; in all these administrations of God the Father concerning his Son , he had a gracious respect to the good and profit , and benefit of his people . Again secondly , consider all the appointments of God , his injunctions and commands to his people ; he doth in all aim at their profit ; as it is in Deut. All these things I command thee for thy good . The Lord requireth nothing at his peoples hands but it is for their profit : He calleth upon us to believe , it is that we might have the profit of his word and promises . He calleth upon us to repent and to leave our sinful wayes , if thine eye off end thee pluck it out , if thine hand offend thee cut it off , for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish , and not that they whole body should be cast into hell ; he hath an aim at our profit , we think hard of it ( as we are naturally apt to do , through a deep affection we bear to our base lusts ) that God should come so near to us and deal so strictly with us , and to command us to pluck out our eyes , and cut off our hands , that is , to part with our dearest corruptions ; Alas ( my brethren ) if God saw that it were good for us , that it were for our profit to keep our lusts , he would not take away one of them from us , but we should have them ( as I may say ) with all his heart : but he knoweth that as they are not for his glory , so they are not for our profit , he seeth that there is not any good to be gotten by our retaining of them ; therefore it is ( I say ) that he is so strict in his impositions , that he so often calleth upon his people to repent and to cast away their sins . Thirdly and lastly , consider all the administrations of God to his people , and we shall see that in them all , he hath a respect to their profit . As for instance : he is pleased to suffer sin and corruption to remain in his servants all the while they are in this life , he could wholly take it away and free them from it , even in this world : But he knowes that it is for their profit to suffer these In-mates , these Cananites to remain that they may be as pricks in their eyes and thornes in their sides ; to make them the more weary of the world , and the more desirous of heaven . He is pleased many times to suffer his people to have sin not only tyrannizing and usurping , but prevailing against them ; but it is that thereby they may attain to a greater degree of humiliation . He suffereth them sometimes to fall , for this very purpose that he might exalt them . He is pleased to permit the Devil to buffet them , and to use them very hardly : were it not for their profit , he would tie him up in Hell , and give him no such leave as this ; but ( as he said to Saint Paul ) lest they should be exalted above measure , the messenger of Satan is sent to buffet them . Yea the Lords with-holding of his spiritual comforts ; his deserting of his people , the hiding of his face from them , the withdrawing of those sweet and gracious manifestations of himself unto them , it is all with respect to their profit ; that they may be taught the more to prize the comforts of his spirit , and to walk more worthy of them when they do enjoy them . He is pleased sometime to suspend his answering of their prayers , and to hold them long in the expectation of the return of their requests : it is for their profit ; that they may he thereby stirred up to ply the Throne of grace with more frequent and earnest prayers ; that so the greater their adventure is ( as I may say ) the greater their return may be : It being in this case with them as it is with Merchants , the greater adventure they send forth , and the longer their ship is out , the greater and more advantageous is the return . Many times again , he is pleased not only to suspend his answer to their prayers , but to deny the granting of his peoples request in the very kind they sue for : But even in this too he hath respect to their profit : he heareth them ( as one well said ) according to their profit , though not according to their wills : so he delt with Moses concerning his request of entring into the Land of Canaan . Again the Lord is pleased to keep his people many times in a low condition , and in mean estate , to put them into bare commons and hard pastures , while others are grazing in full meddows ; it is with respect to their profit , to teach them the more to depend upon him , to enable them the better to live by Faith. Again , for this purpose he takes from his servants dear blessings , the Wife from the Husband , the Children from the Parents ; as we see verified this day in this place concerning our friends here , the mournful survivers and attendants upon this sad occasion ; but in these administrations he intendeth his peoples profit , as we may see in the case of Job ; the Lord takes away all his children , but ( saith the Apostle ) ye have heard of the patience of Job , and have seen the end of the Lord : he was no looser in the conclusion , but God returned at length all into his bosome again , nay double . In a word , for this very purpose it is , even for their profit ( for alas it is not Gods own benefit he seeks after but his peoples in all his administrations ) that they live , that they do , that they suffer , that they die , their death is in order to their gain , as the Apostle saith , to me to live is Christ , and to die is gain . To make some application of this , and so to proceed . First , let us here take occasion , as many as are the called of God according to his purpose ; and implanted in this glorious relation of children to a father ; let us learn to advance his name ; and according to his name let his praise be in all the Congregations of the Saints . Truly ( as Moses ) said once ) their Rock is not as our Rock : So may we say , other fathers are not as this Father , our Father is set for the good and profit of his children . The devil 〈◊〉 a father , so our Saviour speaks , you are of your father the devil ; he hath children , and he studieth nothing so much as that they may live all their dayes in pleasure ; striving to lead his followers altogether in pleasant paths : But alas he hath no aim at their profit , it is their loss he seeks ; and therefore at last he makes them pay full dear for all their pleasure and content . But now God , he is a wise Father , and in all his dispensations to his children ( though they seem for the present unpleasant ) he hath an aim at their profit . Let this be for his praise . Secondly , let us labour to beleeve this , that God in all his dealings and administrations towards us , hath an eye to our profit . How hard soever the condition be that he putteth us into , if he take from us the desire of our eyes , the delight of our hearts , our liberties , our estates , our children ; yet be perswaded of this , that God doth it for my good and benefit . And thirdly , labour to reap the fruit and benefit that God aimeth at and intendeth , and would have us receive from all his administrations . When we are called together to give attendance upon the preaching of the Word ; then think , what am I come hither for ? is it not for my profit ? would God have me trifle out my time ? surely the Lord would never have singled out a day of seven for himself , but that he might likewise make his people partaker of spiritual advantages , and heavenly benefits ; and therefore I lose a day , and never hear well , except I hear to profit . And thus what I say of this Ordinance , I might likewise speak of the rest before named . And so for this present occasion ; the Lord now you see is pleased to call us to the house of mourning . Was it think ye ? the purpose of God , that we should meet together here in a customary complemental manner , to do things in a common garb , only to eat together , and drink together ? No , the Lord calleth us to a house of mourning , for our profit , that we might consider the end of all men , and that we that are living , might lay the thing to heart . And for you that are in present distress , in regard of this particular affliction ; reckon upon this , that God hath done this for your profit ; labour ye therefore to reap the fruit of it ; be not so much poring upon the affliction , and altogether complaining of the bitterness of the cup ; but follow on after the profit and benefit that God intendeth you thereby . And let every one labour to improve all administrations of God to this purpose ; that as he in them all intendeth our good , so let us pursue after the benefit . Secondly , let it instruct us further concerning our duty ; even to walk worthy of such a God as namy of us as are in relation to him , as children to a Father , and servants to a Masler ; How should this first of all , win us over to such a Father , to such a Master ? and to make it our highest ambition , to be the people of such a God , the children of such a Father , that is devoted to the profit and advantage of his children and servants ? This is the gracious goodness of God , he takes pleasure in the prosperity of his servants : their profit is his pleasure : Let us therefore walk worthy of such a Father , of such a Master ; And seeing he intendeth our profit , and that we cannot profit him , let us labour to walk in all well-pleasing : We cannot profit him , let us labour to please him . Lastly , here is a word of instruction for Ministers , we should in this case ( as those that are intrusted with the sacred ordinances of God ) labour to put on the mind of God ( so the Apostle , we have , saith he , the mind of Christ . ) We in the course of our Ministery , as God aimeth at his peoples profit , so should we , not aim at our own praise , and at our profiting by them , but that we might profit their souls . O blessed preaching , when people profit by our preaching , when they are by that increased in knowledg , in love , in faith , in every grace . Such a Preacher was Saint Paul : I please all men ( saith he , 1 Cor. 10. ult . but how ? ) not seeking mine own profit , but the profit of many , that they may be saved . Oh labour to preach profitably , that our people may thrive under our ministery . This is that which God aimeth at , and this is that which we should aim at too . And thus I have done with the first , and more general proposition arising from the words of the Text. I come now to the second and more particular thing that we are to consider hence ; and that is , that , As God graciously setteth himself to procure his peoples profit in all his administrations ; so this is that he aimeth at , in all the afflictions and chastisements , he exerciseth them withall . It is no pleasure for him to be lashing and whipping his people , to hold them under such sharp discipline , it is for the profit of the children : so the Text expresseth it , but he for our profit . Which first of all implieth , that afflictions and chastisements are a means conducing to the profit of those that undergo them : A point plain in the Text , and the Scripture abundant in the proof of it ; and the experience of the Saints in a plentiful manner confirming it . It is good for me ( saith David ) that I have been afflicted . And Joseph giveth this honourable testimony of God , The Lord ( saith he ) hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my afflictions ; and thereupon giveth his child a name sutable . Afflictions and chastisements , they become profitable , as the furnace to the gold , to purge out the dross , to make a separation between the pure mettal , and the ore . Profitable as physick to the body , to purge out the malignant humours . Profitable , as sope to the cloth , to fetch out the stains , to take out the greasie spots ( it is the Scripture expression , their hearts are as fat as grease ) to make them white . Profitable , as the Thunder to the Ayr , to purge it , to make it more commodious to breath in . Profitable , as the wind to the water , to make it the purer by its ventilation . Profitable , as the pruning knife to the tree , to make it more fruitful . These and the like metaphors we have , and by them we are to conceive of the good , and benefit that comes to us by Gods castigation , and fatherly exercising of his people with his discipline , and rod of Affliction . But what are these blessed fruits , what is the profit accruing to the soul of the people of God by this means ? I can but name part of them . Besides that which is exprest in the Text , that we might be partaker of his holiness , there are these gracious effects of afflictions . Weaning from the world : a bringing us into more acquaintance with God. Manasseth when he was in affliction , he besought the Lord his God , and humbled himself greatly before the God of his Fathers , and prayed unto him ; and then ( saith the Text ) he knew that the Lord he was God. God by this means makes us know our selves : the vanity of the creature ; the sinfulness of sin ; the sweetness of the Word ; the excellency that is in the promises ; makes us more compassionate to others ; keepeth us from hell ; and many other fruits there are of afflictions . But to pass this . A second thing implyed in the Doctrine is this , that as afflictions are means conducing to our profit , so God in exercising his people with them , mainly intendeth it . The Lord ( saith Moses ) led thee through that great and terrible wilderness , wherein were fiery Serpents , and Scorpions , and drought , where there was no water , suffered thee to hunger , brought thee into hard straits ; but what was Gods aim in this ? that he might humble thee ; and that he might prove thee , to do thee good at the latter end . By this ( saith the Prophet , speaking of the afflictions of the Church ) shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged , and this is all the fruit to take away his sin . This I say is that which God intendeth by the afflictions of his people : and this is that which the servants of God , by faith have been able to apprehend , and to interpret the Lords meaning in all his sharp dispensations towards them : As the Propbet Habakuk , having made a terrible description of the Babylonish rod , he concludes in the twelfth verse of his first Chapter ; Art not thou from everlasting , O Lord my God ? We shall not die , O Lord , thou hast ordained them for Judgment : and O mighty God , thon hast established them for correction . This is that likewise which the Saints of God have looked for , and expected , that while the winds of afflictions have been blowing , some ship or other should come home richly fraighted . So David , when that storm of cursing came from the mouth of Shimei : Oh ( saith David ) let him alone , let him curse , it may be that the Lord will look on mine affliction , and that the Lord will requite good for his cursing this day . So when Rabshaketh came up against Jerusalem : Let him alone ( saith Hezekiah ) answer him not a word , it may be the Lord will hear the words of Rabshaketh , whom his Master hath sent to reproach the living God , and will reprove the words which the Lord hath heard ; It may be the Lord will open his ear upon this rage and blasphemy , and consider his people and do them good . The Saints of God , I say , have expected good , and benefit from Gods afflicting of them . For the use of this , and so to draw to a conclusion . In the first place : Seeing this is Gods intent in all his administrations to his people , especially in his castigations of them , and reaching out unto them such sharp and bitter potions . It may serve to check and controul all those hard thoughts , that we are apt to suffer to lodge within us , concerning Gods dealing with us , in the time of our distresses . Apt we are to speak foolishly and unadvisedly concerning God , and to misconster his administrations . This hath been the frailty of Gods dearest servants in their affliction . I shall one day ( said David ) perish by the hand of Saul . Woe is me ( saith Isaiah ) for I am undone , because I am a man of unclean lips . The Lord ( saith the Church ) hath broken my teeth with gravel stones , and covered me with ashes , he hath removed my soul far off from peace , and I said my strength and my hope is perished from the Lord. The Lord hath forsaken me ( saith Zion ) and my Lord hath forgotten me . Job though for a good while he carried himself very fairly , and demeaned himself very warily toward God ; yet when he began to be wet to his skin , then he speaks foolishly , and unadvisedly , falleth to the cursing of his day ; not to the cursing of his God , as Satan thought he would , but of his day , though that was too much , and ill beseeming so holy a man , The Saints , I say , are apt to mistake themselves this way , and to over-shoot themselves in this case . We should therefore humble our selves before the Lord for this distemper of soul , and labour to keep down such unquiet thoughts , and hard disputings that are apt to rise within us against God , and his dispensations : And consider , that whatsoever our thoughts are , yet the Lord knoweth his own thoughts concerning us ; as he himself speaks in Jer. 29. howsoever ( saith he ) you may think that I intend to cut you off for ever , yet I know my thoughts that I think towards you , even thoughts of peace , and not of evil , to give you an expected end . Again secondly , it may serve to comfort the godly concerning all the means and instruments of their sufferings , whether they be men or devils . Wicked men and devils whom God useth as a Rod to chastise his people , their malice is great , and their rage violent , and they march on with much fury against the godly ; they intend their utter ruin and devastation , and purpose nothing less . But O Assyrian ( saith God ) the rod of mine anger , and the staffe in their hand is mine indignation : howbeit he meaneth not so , neither doth his heart think so , but it is in his heart to destroy and cut off ; But ( saith the Lord ) whatsoever his meaning is , I know what my intentions are ; he is but the rod in mine hand , and I will give such stroaks with it , . as my people may bear , and such as may be for their profit . This , I say , should comfort us concerning all the instruments of our suffering , whatsoever they be . The Physitian , you know , applieth the horse-leaches to his distemppred Patient , the Horse-leech intendeth nothing but the satiating and filling himself with the bloud of the sick party ; but the Physitan hath another aim , even the drawning out of the putrified and corrupted blood . God suffereth wicked men & devils as Horse-leeches to suck his people , to draw their blood , but it is in order to their good ; it is no matter what wicked men think , though Ashur think not so , yet God purposeth it , and aims at it , and in conclusion effects it ; and then ( saith he ) it shall come to pass that when the Lord hath performed his whole worke upon mount Sion , I will punish the fruit of the stout heart of the King of Assyria , and the glory of his high looks . Again in the third place . Seeing this is Gods aim in all his afflictions , whatsoever the instrument be , how sharp soever the castigation be , or of what nature , whether it be in a spiritual way by sore temptations and buffetings of Satan , or outwardly by losses in our estate , or death of friends , &c. seeing I say this is Gods purpose and intent that his people may be profited ; Let us quietly and patiently apply our selves unto God , and expect the quiet and peaceable fruit of righteousness , that shall spring up in due time , to those that are this way exercised by the Lord : Look for it and press on to this , quietly to wait on the Lord our God for a blessed fruit of such administrations . An argument ab utili , is an argument of great prevail : what will not men do for Profit ? It is for profit that men rise up early and go to bed late , and eat the bread of carefulness . The Husband-man takes much pains and plows his ground , endures many sharp storms , and piercing winters ; the Merchant runs divers hazards abroad , and all for profit : so should we be willing patiently and quietly to submit , to Gods dealing , humbly to apply our selves to his wise and fatherly administrations , seeing he intendeth by it our profit . And take heed of murmuring and repining against the Lord : this will make him indeed to lay heavier blows upon us ; an impatient Patient makes the Physitian deal more harshly , and a strugling child procureth for himself the more and sorer stripes ; what though our potion be bitter , so long as it is wholesome , have we not reason to submit our selves ? But here is the main thing we stick at . You may happily reply ; Indeed if we could see our corruptions subdued , our hearts humbled , the pride that is within us abated , and that God would be pleased to bring us more nee●…er to him , and make us more heavenly minded , and wean our affections from the world ; If we could see the fruit of all our sufferings and temptations and crosses , it would be an abundant satisfaction to our souls ; but alas , alas , we cannot see this profit ; our hearts are still full of many spiritual distempers , and great prevailings of evil there is upon us ; notwithstanding all these Storms and Frosts , and tempestuous hard Winters , yet these weeds of wickedness grow and are marvellous lively : this is the bitterness of the cup , and this is that which sinketh the heart most under all those pressures which lie upon us . To which I answer , first , we must judge rightly and wisely ; and consider well whether it be the time for the fruit of affliction to spring forth . No affliction for the present seemeth joyous ; and no affliction , it may be for the time of its working appeareth commodious : But ( saith the Apostle ) they do bring forth the quiet fruit of righteousness . Again secondly , we may perhaps bear too much upon the physick : alas ! afflictions and crosses of themselves they will rather drive us further then draw us nearer unto God ; we are therefore to submit our selves unto . God in his way of administration , and to intreat his blessing upon them , that through that they may be made successful . As every creature , so every condition both of prosperity and adversity , is sanctifled to us by the Word and by prayer . And take heed of disputing against the Lord , as we are apt to do , he is wise above all that we can conceive , he is wonderful in working , and knoweth now to bring about the good of his people in a wonderful way : what if he will plunge thee into the mire in order to holiness ? what if Christ will put clay upon a mans eyes in order to sight , a medicine more likely to put out his eyes . Considering therefore that God is wise and wonderful in his working ; let us apply our selves to him , and in due time we shall see the fruit and benefit of all his administrations . I should now have come to the third and last proposition , and that was , That this profit that God aimeth at in all his castigations of his children , is to make them partakers of his holiness . And this is profit indeed , when God thereby draweth us from the world , and makes us more heavenly minded , and more dead to the creature , purgeth away our dross , and takes away that filth and corruption that is in us ; oh this will acquit all the cost , and make amends for all the labour and pains and hardship we have been made to endure . But I shall forbear to insist upon this . So much for the Text. There is a word to be spoken according to custome with respect to the occasion of our meeting . I have done the main part of my task , which was to present to you a word of instruction ; and therefore for the occasion concerning this young gentleman disceased , whose Funerals we now solemnize , I shall but speak a few words and so conclude . I need not to speak any thing concerning his parentage and discent ; nor much concerning his education , I am cousident that that was religious and gracious , and such as wherein there was a second travel in order to his spiritual birth , that Jesus Christ might be formed in him . For his own particular , though I can speak nothing upon my own knowledge ( being a meer stranger ) yet I have such a testimony concerning him , from those that deserve credence both of me and you , as that I shall conclude that of him , as may give us good hope concerning his final and eternal estate . If so be contrition of heart and sorrow for sin ? If earnest and constant prayer unto God ; If lamenting of youthful miscarriages and the not answering of time and means , and opportunities , and religious education , and that godly care that was exercised in order to his spiritnal welfare and building of him up in the knowledge of God and of Christ . If , I say , the lamenting of the neglect of opportunities of this kind : If so be the desire of the prayers of others for him , and that out of a sense of his own disability to plead his own cause : If so be a gracious communication of God unto him in wayes of comfort in the time of his sickness , supporting him under divers pressures , and many sore and grievous temptations that lay upon him : If so be his setled resolution concerning his spiritual estate ; and the satisfying of others in many doubts and disquiets of spirit that rose within him . If so be the due respect to the Lords day , the desire of promoting the sanctifying of it both by himself and others , with a continual grief proceeding from a sense of his own disability to answer to the occasion and duties of the day . If there be any thing to be concluded of concerning Religion , from such passages as these ; then ( brethren ) I have all these as so many materials put into my hand to build withall , and so to reare up a testimony before you concerning this disceased . And thus in brief have I testified of him ; and to you all he ( though dead ) now speaks , but in a more special manner to you that are young men : his death , and that example we have in him of mortality , is as a loud Sermon preached unto you , concerning the care you ought to have , to bethink your selves in your younger years of the things that concern your spiritual and eternal welfare , and how much it concerns you now to give all dilligence to make your calling and election sure . Your thoughts ( it may be ) are too much upon your patrimony and inheritances , your houses and possessions , your great estates and your matches , that thereby you may ( as you use to say ) raise your fortunes : too too apt you are to be taken up with these considerations and to pursue thoughts of this nature : but you see by this example how God may come and prevent the accomplishment of all these , and in that day , in that very day all these thoughts will perish , death may come & marry you to the dust , and call you , not to your fathers mansions , but to the common house appointed for all living , where you must say to corruption , thou art my father , and to the worme , thou art my mother and my sister : this was his condition , and so may yours be too : Therefore you young men , remember you your Creatour in the dayes of your youth ; and know you that God hath provided instructions and counsels in his Word that are directed to young men , that they may know how to cleanse their way , and to flie the lusts of youth , and betimes to begin with God , that so whether they live to old age , or be cut off in youth , they may be gathered to their Fathers in a good and a full age , like a Shock of Corn , and so receive the blessing of the promise . SPIRITUAL HEARTS-EASE ; OR , The VVay to Tranquility . SERMON XXXI . JOHN 14.1 , 2 , 3. 1 Let not your hearts be troubled , you beleeve in God , beleeve also in me . 2 In my Fathers house are many Mansions , if it were not so , I would have told you , I go to prepare a place for you . 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you , I will come again , and receive you unto my self , that where I am , there ye may be also . IN the 33. verse of the former Chapter , our Saviour Christ told his Disciples , that he must now go away from them ; Little children , yet a little while I am with you , and you shall seek me , and as I said to the Jews , whether I go you cannot come , so say I now to you . This message of the departure of Christ from the earth , of his being took from them , did exceedingly sad their hearts , and very much perplex and disquiet their spirits ; they knew what a comfort they had in the presence of Christ ; they knew what a faithful Teacher he was , what a mighty Protector he had been , how gracious and full of Heavenly comfort he had manifested himself to them at all times in his being with them ; and they could not now think of parting with him without much perplexity and disquiet , and trouble of spirit . Therefore the words that I have now read , are the speech of our blessed Saviour to comfort them , strengthening their hearts against those disquiets under which they were exercised ; In which words you may briefly observe these three things , for time will not suffer me to stand much upon them . First , a duty whereunto they are exhorted . Secondly , the means whereby it may be performed . Thirdly , the lets that were to be removed , that hindered them in the performance of the duty in the use of these means . The duty that is to be performed , is in the beginning of the first verse , Let not your hearts be troubled . The means whereby to perform it , in the words following , You beleeve in God , beleeve also in me . The lets and impediments of the performance of it in the use of these means , are so many objections and doubts , as are wisely prevented by the wisdome of God , in the two verses following . I shall take them as I come to them in order , and but give a brief touch upon every one of them . First , the duty that is to be performed , it is this , to stablish & comfort their hearts , Let not your hearts be troubled . The word that is here translated , trouble , it signifieth such a trouble as is in water when the mud is stirred up , or when the waves and surges are raised by some tempest or storm ; It signifieth such a trouble as is in an Army , when the Souldiers are disranked , and routed , when they are disordered , and it shewes thus much , that those distempers that are in the hearts of men , in the affections of men , do exceedingly hinder their judgments , that they can see no more , nor discern things no better , then a man can do in a muddy water . All the affections are as so many Souldiers in an Army disordered , that keep not their due subordination to their leader and guide , by reason that the understanding that should guide the will and affections , is now made a servant to them . And this distemper of spirit ariseth from the inordinacy of the affections , the inordinate motion , and agitation of them . This is called trouble , Let not your hearts be troubled ; Be not disturbed thus , and disquieted , and disordered ; So that no faculty of the soul can perform its own work ; So as that it is disabled to judge of things according to truth , but that you are misled , and deluded by mists and appearances . It is with the mind in sorrow , as it is with the eye in tears , that cannot see a thing clearly , so the mind cannot judge of things distinctly , when the soul is disturbed ; Let not your hearts be troubled . But that which our Saviour aims at here , hath a particular respect to the affections of fear , and grief , when these are in the excess , the mind is troubled , when a man over-fears any thing , or over-grieves any thing , he is troubled and disquieted ; Let not your hearts be troubled ; that is , grieve not for things more then they are to be grieved for , and fear not things more then they are to be feared . For all these will dis-joynt the soul ( as it were ) it will put the spirit to much pain and disquiet , as a bone out of joynt ; Therefore by all means keep your hearts in a right state , in that order that God hath set them ; Let not your hearts be troubled . That , that I will briefly note here , shall be but thus much ; that , Men are wondrous prone , even the very best men , to be disturbed in their passions and affeictions . Our Saviour Christ speaks it here to his Disciples , to those that he had taught , before whom he had gone , as an excellent example all his dayes , yet these holy men , these followers of Christ , that had followed him through so many dangers , and after so many teachings , and instructings of them ; he had need to call upon them , to stir them up to consider of their own estate , that their hearts might not be troubled . You may see the Malady in the Medicine . Every prohibition in the word supposeth a corruption , and an aptness in the natural heart and spirit of man , to sin , and transgress in that particular ; Therefore when Christ speaks to his Disciples , and tells them they should not be troubled . It shews that even the best men , are subject to excess of passion , and affection , to be disturbed , and troubled , through immoderate fear , or grief , for that was the case of the Disciples . Now briefly I will shew the grounds of it , and come to the Application , because I will hasten . This trouble that is upon the spirits sometimes of the best men , it ariseth , Partly from Gods providence , and hand upon them . And partly from Satan . And partly from themselves . I will shew you the causes in these particalars , and then apply it . First , it ariseth many times from the hand of God. The Lord is said to be a Sun , and a shield ; The Lord will be known to be a Sun , and a shield to his people . Now , look as it is with the earth when the Sun withdraweth his light , it is all dark and cold , and dead ; So it is with the hearts of the best men , when God withdraws the light of his countenance from the soul , it is as the earth at midnight . And as it is with Souldiers in the battel , if their shields be taken from them , they are exposed to every dart , and danger ; every thing may annoy them , and wound them . So it is in the state of the soul ; if God withdraw himself from it , and do not now support it as before , and do not fence , and strengthen it as at other times , the fiery darts of Satan will pierce deep into the soul , and the spirit will not be able to uphold it self against these assaults . Now God withdraws himself sometimes from his servants , and that in special wisdome . In respect either of the time past , present , to come . Sometimes God doth it in respect of the time past , and so he doth it by way of correction . First , to correct his children for their former wantonness , they have abused the expressions of love , and now as a Father takes away the light from his child , when he sees he makes no better use of it then to play with it . So God sometime takes away the light of his countenance ; that is , he casts clouds before himself , he doth not manifest himself in that loving favour , when his servants neglect that reverence and fear that he expects from them in the midst of his mercies . Secondly , this he doth sometimes as a correction of their negligence , when God hath called on them , from time to time , and they have neglected calling on God ; he hath called upon them for duty , and for the leaving of such particular evils , and they have neglected it . Now God withdraws himself , to make them know what it is to do so ; And because they will not know what it is to hear his voyce , when he calls , he will make them feel it , by his not hearing their voyce when they pray . Sometimes he calls to them , as he did to the Church in the Canticles ; Open to me my sister , my Spouse , my love , &c. The Church is negligent and careless ; I have put off my cloaths , how shall I put them on ? I have washed my feet , how shall I defile them ? Now he withdraws himself from the soul , and what is the the end of it ? The keepers strike her , and the watch-men take away her vail ; and now she is left to trouble and perplexity , because Christ had absented himself , whom she would not entertain , when he offered himself ; Thus God doth to correct that , that is past . And farther , God doth it sometimes to correct that carnal considence , and security whereunto men are wondrous prone , when they go on in a clear way with much comfort , with wind and tide . I said in my prosperity ( saith David ) I shall never be moved , thou Lord hast made my mountain so strong ; but what followeth upon it ? saith he , Lord thou hidest thy face , and I was troubled , now trouble came upon him , trouble of Spirit , because he rested too much in that outward mountain , in that outward condition whereunto God had exalted him , and he placed his hope too much on this , and thought it should be alwaies thus , now God turns his hand and then David is troubled : and that is the first particular in the first cause . But secondly , God hath a further aim , and that is for the time present , and that is , First , to inform all his servants where there strength lies , where all their good lies , it lies not in themselves , it lies not in any creature : And therefore God will have them seek it in him , and that they may do it , he draws them to it by sence , they shall be deprived of comfort in respect sometime of outward conveniences , and in respect sometime of the light of his countenance shining upon their souls , How do we know that the Moon shines on the earth by a borrowed light ? but because we see it is not alwayes alike in its light , we see sometimes it hath a full light , and sometimes it is enlightned but by the half , and sometimes by some little part , where we see this disproportion that it is not alwaies alike , we know by this that the light of the Moon is borrowed from somewhat else , from the Sun. Now how do we know that the heart of man is fed and relieved , and supported with comfort from without it self , with borrowed and received comfort ? but by this ; Because the state of Gods servants in respect of the spiritual quiet , and satisfaction , and contentment of heart is not alwaies alike , but sometime they have abundance of joy , that they seem to be ( as it were ) in heaven . Sometimes they are perplexed with many disquiets and griefs , that they seem to be cast down to the deep , as it is said of the Marriners in Psal . 107. what is the reason of this ? but that no flesh should glory in it self ; that every man might know that whatsoever he hath to make his life comfortable , and pleasing to him it is from God that dispenseth it to men in that proportion as seemeth good to his own wisdome . God will have us know that all the happiness of our spirits is in their union with the chief of spirits , with himself ; and that when they are but a little separated from him , when he doth but a little withdraw himself from them , they are as a thing that is dead ; how shall we know that the branches have sap from the root , that it is that that makes them flourish and grow ? but by this : If you do but cut them off from the root they whither presently . So it is with the spirit , with the heart of man ; if God do but a little withdraw himself , let sin but make a separation between God and man , now a man is like a withered branch , he hath nothing now to revive him , because he is divided from the root : At the least it is with him as it is with a tree in Winter , though the sap remains in the root ; so though he remain in union with the root , yet the moisture is gotten into the root it self , and doth not now infuse it self into the branches ; I confess the servant of God that is once united to Christ shall never be separated , the union it is now , and alwaies shall be , but nevertheless , the sap and comfort of the Spirit , it may remain in the head , our life may be hid in Christ , and may not appear in us at all : And we are then in that estate as if we were branches cut off , whereby it may appear , that whatsoever life and comfort , and strength of heart we had , it was from Christ , and by the influence and work of his Spirit . And then for the time to come , God doth it to prevent some distempers that might grow on the hearts of his servants if they should alwaies be in a like state of spiritual joy . God doth it to prevent pride , Paul was apt to be lift up with those revelations , therefore a messenger of Satan was sent to buffet him . And so it may be to prevent carnal confidence in the creature , a man would begin to ascribe somewhat to himself , to his present condition , if it were alwaies thus with him , you know what the Apostle Paul saith , 2 Cor. 1.10 . We received in our selves the sentence of death that we might not trust in our selves , but in God that raised the dead ; look to what end Paul received the sentence of death , to that end Gods faithful servants sometimes receive the very sence of death ( as it were ) and the sence of the destitution , and want of all spiritual comforts for the present ; Why ? That they might not trust in themselves , or in those habits of grace and comforts they have , or in any creature whatsoever . The work of Gods spirit in the regenerate soul , it is but a creature , a work of God , and God will not have men trust in any such thing , in what then ? In him that raiseth from the dead ; God will bring them to such a state , that they shall seem as dead men , as destitute of all spiritual comforts they have , that they might trust in him that is able to raise them out of such a state as that , that look as he is able to give life to the dead body , so he is able to give comfort to the distressed soul , that is at that time , in the shaddow of death . Secondly , it comes sometimes from Satan ; and that is thus , Satan wonderfully sets himself against the seed of the woman , especially against the promised seed , Christ , he will alway be at his heel , Gen. 3.16 . and in his opposition against Christ , he sets against the very glory of Christ among men , and that is his kingdom , he would not have Christ exalt his kingdom over men . Now the kingdom of Christ consists as the Apostle speaks , not in meat and drink , but in righteousness and peace , and joy in the Holy Ghost ; If he cannot keep a Christian , a true beleever , from unrighteousness , he will labour to interrupt his peace : if he cannot keep him from the habit of peace , peace in the grounds of it , yet he will keep him from the exercise and effects of that peace , from joy , he will hinder that as much as he can , that he may not have the sence of his blessedness : he knows that spiritual joy strengthens a man to all spiritual duties ; and his endeavour is to weaken all the servants of Christ , in all their services ; and therefore he doth , at least labour against that with all his might , that if they will needs go on , yet nevertheless to propound , and occasion as many things that may be troublesome to them , and disquiet their hearts , as he can . And there are two principal wayes ( that I may but touch them ) whereby Satan wondrously prevails in this particular . The one is by stealing out of their hearts those precious promises , those comforts , whereby the Word of God revives the soul . You have forgotten ( saith the Apostle ) the consolations of God. And the devil meets in man with two advantages , to help him in the effecting of this ; First he turns the thoughts upon new objects , and herein he doth diametrically , and directly set himself against God in the way of his special providence : that very thing that God in wonderfull wisdom hath wrought in the heart for the ease and comfort of man , Satan makes it an occasion of trouble , and that is this , the variety of mans thoughts ; what is the reason that God hath framed the mind of man to change his thoughts continually , and to have innumerable thoughts ? Certainly for the very ease of the Spirit of man , for the very ease of the soul of man : For if the mind should keep intent upon any one thought long , it would so work upon that , that it would weary it self out in working , as we see men by excess of grief in particular cases , grow to be phrensie , and destracted , and the like : Now this aptness of the mind to run to variety of thoughts that God hath made for the ease of man , Satan turns it as a help to hurt him . A man shall run on into a world of business , of temptations , and distractions that shall draw him from the thought of those things that he hath heard for the relieving of his Spirit wherein God spake comfort to his heart , that he may the better fasten those discouragements on him , that he desires . Secondly , another advantage he hath for this end is this , that is , he wondrously prevails upon the heart of man by a careless neglect that is in men : every man loves ease ; There is such a spirit in man , such a disposition in the spirit of man , that he avoids the things ordinarily that have great labour : this disposition to ease , and rest , Satan serves himself on , and makes great use of ; so when a man hath come from hearing the Word , and reading the Scriptures , whereas he should now be exercised , and labour in meditation to work those things on his heart , that now the root might fasten , and things might settle on the soul , he passeth by these easily ; now the heart of a man lies open as the high way , you know the parable , Matth. 13. when the seed fell on the high-way , the Fowls of the ayr came , and picked it up , and it was gone presently , where there is no pains taken with the heart of a man , as there is none taken with the high way , that the seed that falls there might grow , as in the plowed ground , when there is no pains taken with the heart , now every notion , every direction , and every spiritual instruction it lies lightly there , and is soon carried out , this is the advantage that Satan makes of a mans love of ease . But there is another thing concerning the way that Satan takes , not only to steal it out of the mind by those two wayes , but again by presenting the very truths of God to men in false glosses , so as a man cannot discern them in their own shape , and nature , but in such colours as he presents them to them . If the time would have served , I might instance in several particulars ; I will but touch upon one or two , and leave the inlargement to your own meditations . Sometimes , things that are great , and of precious use , shall be presented small , and of no account : and things again that are small and little , shall be presented wondrous great : The mercies of God , the Attributes of God , the promises of the Gospel , the sufficiency of the merits of Christ , these shall seem small things , little to be regarded , less then ever God intended them to be : And on the contrary , a mans own sins , his own distempers shall be made exceeding great : Worldly things shall be presented , as things of the greatest consequence ; and spiritual things as meer accessories , as things that depend upon them , and that come in after . Sometimes again , things that are most necessary to be understood and known , things that should be particularly applyed , shall be presented obscurely and confusedly ; and sometimes things of lesser consequence , the knowledge whereof is not so necessary , shall be presented with more clearness , and with strong perswasions to the study and knowledge of them . But I will not stand on this : this is enough to give you a taste of Satans subtilty this way , whereby he wondrously prevails in bringing trouble upon the spirits of men . Thirdly , it is from our selves , and so it comes to pass from that general corruption that is in our natures , from whence all other sins flow , that the spirits of men are troubled , and disturbed , by things that fall out from day to day . And first it comes to pass , that the soul of man is miserably in bondage , and captivated , and inthraled , and is deprived of liberty ( as it were ) through the distemper of the body ; as in Melancholy and sickness , we see how the soul is dis●…urbed by the very diseases , and distempers in the body it self , and that by vertue of that simpathy in the soul with the body , it riseth from the union of it , to the body by the spirits : but this I will pass by . Sometimes we see the soul subdued with lusts and corruptions , somestrong lust , some strong sin or other prevails ; And then as it is with the Fowl that is now flying in the air , it may be there is bird-lime cast upon the wings of it , it falls down presently , and can flie no further ; so it is with the soul , somewhat presseth it down , somewhat compasseth it about , and coups it in , as that expression is used , Heb. 12.1 . Let us cast off the sin that compasseth us about , and that presseth so heavy down , that we may run with patience the race that is set before us . And sometimes the soul is disturbed by inordinate passions , which arise from that general distemper that is diffused through every faculty , and so the understanding looks upon things as through a mist , it sees nothing clearly , and in most common things it is blind , and it is led by blind affections too , and when the blind leads the blind , both fall into the ditch , saith Christ : and so the memory that should retain the precious treasures , the promises of the Gospel to relieve the soul in all cases , it is like a leaking vessel that lets things run out , as it is Heb. 2. Take heed that the things you have heard , run not out , saith the Apostle , alluding to that Metaphor . And the very conscience it self that should be conclusive , it now rests in generals and uncertainties , conscience should determin what my case is , whether I be the child of God , or no ; whether I be in the state of grace or no , to put a man to bring things to particular : now for the most part by mans own neglect it remains in doubt , it may be I am , it may be I am not , it may be I have a right in the Covenant of grace , it may be not , &c. And now because conscience is not come to that resolute conclusive act that a man may determine of his own particular case , hence it is that every thing troubles , and disquiets him . Thus beloved you see the reasons of it . We will briefly pass it over with a word of Application . And first it should teach us compassion towards those whose spirits are troubled ; our Saviour Christ saith here , Let not you hearts be troubled ; He considered of them in their weakness , and doth not much upbraid them with it , but helps to bring them out of it in much mercy , and love , and so should we . There is such a disposition rising from the pride , cruelty , and uncharitableness of the hearts of men , that they are apt to add to the burthen of the afflicted , and to make their afflictions more by their censuring of their troubles . You know the speech of old Eli a good man , but yet he failed in that , when he saw Hannah in great trouble of spirit , uttering her heart before the Lord ; Lay away thy drunkenness , ( saith he ) he thought she was drunk , at lest with some passion , and all came but from perplexity , and disturbance of spirit , and in that manner he rather added to her grief then eased hen ; So Jobs friends you see what they said , they presently judged him in that case , as one that God had cast off for hypocrisie , and for his pride , and covetousness , or for some one thing or other , and therefore it was thus with him ; Nay , Christ himself , the censure of all men was thus much concerning Christ himself ; We did esleem him stricken , smitten of God , and afflicted . The intent of the phrase is , as one smitten for his own ill , as if God had now manifested that he did not acknowledge him to be so holy and righteous . So thus you see the inclination in the heart of man , to uncharitable jndging of those that God hath cast down , and suffers to be exercised under many afflictions , and troubles ; Let us learn then spiritual wisdome ; let us learn love , and spiritual mercy , to judge more favourably of the state of those whom we see troubled in spirit . Many times God infeebleth , and distresseth the spirits of his best servants , to abate the pride of men , that none might exalt himself before God ; Nay , in the very thing wherein they have excelled , in the same thing he sometimes abaseth them : you see Abraham he is called the Father of the faithful ; his excellency was his faith , yet faithful Abraham is detected in Scripture of much unbelief in some particulars ; Who would think that he should expose Sara , as he did to save himself ? that he should do it , that was called the Father of the faithful ? you have heard ( saith the Apostle James , of the patience of Job , the very excellency of Job was his patience : who would think that ever patient Job should utter such things as he did , sometime , even cursing the very day of his birth ? David a man of a chearful spirit , a man full of the praises of God , a man wonderous large , when he comes to speak of the glory of God at several times . A man would have thought him of an invincible fortitude , and courage , yet nevertheless you shall have David so cast down , as that he thinks the Lord had forgotten him , and that the Lord would shew no mercy upon him , that the Lord had hid himself from him , and that he would never regard him more ; who would think that ever David , that abounded so in the comforts of the spirit sometimes , should be so dejected at such times as those were , when he was in such a conflict ? Why doth God do this ? To shew thus much , that the very best of his servants in the chief of their excellencies are dependant on him still , they have nothing of themselves , or from themselves . Therefore they shall sometimes seem to want that they have , that the very having , and using of it , may be ascribed to his glory . Then let us now reason thus , when we see the servants of God in trouble , exercised under disquiet ; Let us conclude , now God is glorifying himself . This the Apostle infers , He will rejoyce in his infirmities , because the power of Christ is manifested by it . For our selves , it should teach us ( according to the intent of this place ) above all things to labour , that our hearts may be kept in that blessed plight of spiritual joy , that we may be strengthened with freeness of heart to serve God in our inward man ; Let not your hearts be troubled . How should this be done ? The Text tells us here ( and so I come briefly to the second thing observable in the Text , the means ) you beleeve in God ( saith he ) beleeve also in me . As the words are read in the translation , they seem to be uttered by way of concession , as much as if Christ had said , since yon already beleeve in God , now beleeve in me . The Syriack seems to express it otherwise , and so render it by way of command , and to make here an intimation of two duties , as a help of quieting the heart , and so it reads it ; Let not your hearts be troubled , beleeve in God , beleeve also in me , propounding a twofold object , where-about faith should be exercised , that the heart may be quieted in the time of any trouble . The first is God , considered in the Trinity of persons , in the unity of Essence . The second is Christ , Mediator , God , and Man. Now , saith he , beleeve in God , that is the first , rest upon God. Then the second is , beleeve in me also ; as one that is the Mediator between God and you , now making your peace with God ; So the second part seems to be the prevention of an objection ; For when he saith , Let not your hearts be troubled , beleeve in God , they might say , Alas , shall we beleeve in God , that are sinful men ; The sinners in Sion cry out , Who shall dwell with consuming fire ? &c. Therefore saith Christ , beleeve also in me ; that is , know that God will be your God , in , and for my sake he is reconciled , and well pleased with you . Therefore in all your approaches to God take me with you , look up to God , pray to him , depend upon God through me , still keep me as a Mediatour between God and you , and this will preserve your hearts in peace . The time would not serve , if I should go over things particularly and in a full way ; Therefore I will touch the heads of things , and it shall be thus much ; that , A special means to preserve the heart of man from excessive sorrow , and fear , from trouble , and disquiet of spirit , is faith . Let not your hearts be troubled ; But how shall we help it ? Beleeve in God , beleeve also in me . And this we shall see through the Scriptures , David found it thus , Psal . 40. he speaks to his disquieted soul ; Trust in God , I will wait on him , he is my God. Jehoshaphat in that excellent speech to his Souldiers , that were now troubled , for the multitude of their enemies against them ; Beleeve in God , and you shall prosper , beleeve his Prophets , and you shall be established ; that is the way to stablish the heart , to beleeve in God , revealing himself in his Word . It is noted of Moses , in Heb. 11.27 . He therefore endured all that he did , because he looked on him that is invisible . And those three companions of Daniel , Dan. 3. Our God ( say they ) whom we serve is able to help us , but if he will not , we will not worship thy golden Image . There was matter of trouble and disquiet in the heart to be put to such a plung , that they must either worship , or be cast into the Furnace , heated seven times hotter ; Well , this eased them of all trouble , and disquiet ; they knew whom they have trusted , and he was able to keep that , that was committed to him , to the coming of Christ . As Saint Paul expresseth it , with which he also rested abundantly satisfied . On the other side , the want of this , hath been the cause of that perplexity , and disquiet that hath been upon the hearts of Gods servants at all times . That was the reason that Abraham was so disturbed , and disquieted , in that fear of what should be done to him in Egypt , certainly he failed in this , in resting upon God. Moses was wondrously troubled , when the Lord bad him go to Pharaoh , and deliver Israel out of Egypt ( saith he ) Lord send by him whom thou shouldest send , I am a man of a stammering tongue , saith the Lord , I will be with thy tongue ; He bids him quiet his heart in that perplexity , and rest on him that made the tongue , to be with his tongue ; And because there was another secret that troubled him , the Lord knew his heart , God saith , go , the man that sought thy life is dead ; as if he should say , Moses though thou wilt not confess it , I know what troubleth thee , thou art afraid that the men that sought thy life are alive in Pharaohs Court , and that therefore when thou comest thither , thou shalt be executed . No , saith he , they are dead , he would have him rest on him , and that would revive his heart , that he should not be troubled and disquieted . So you may see in other servants of God , that this was alwaies the reason of any indirect course they took : Jacob and Rebecca , in that case ; why did Rebecca use that device in getting the blessing with Jacob ? Because she failed in her trust in God , she saw how she was perplexed with the daughters of Heth , Esaus wives , and many troubles that way ; And Isaac was dim-sighted , and had many weaknesses upon him , she knew not how he might mistake , and give the blessing to the other , therefore she deviseth a way to get the blessing , but she got many sorrows ; you know what a hard service it cost Jacob , and how many evils it exposed him to , and all was , because through fear , and disquiet of heart , he cast not himself upon God in his way , but they would find out wayes of their own . It should teach us in all disquiet of spirit , to look principally to the strengthening of our faith . This is called a shield , Eph. 6. when all the darts of temptation that fire the soul , and perplex it many wayes , are cast upon a man ; here is a shield to preserve and keep him safe . Therefore let us ever have this for our use whose and found . You shall find that even the servants of God have so far been in a comfortable estate , as they have been in the exercise of their faith . Take David for an example , when Ziglag was burnt , and his Wives , and servants , and goods , and cattel , were all carryed away , and the Souldiers in the rage of their hearts , and discontent , began to think of stoning of him , yet faith the Text , Then David comforted himself in the Lord his God ; When there was no comfort in his Souldiers about him , or in those that were neer him , every thing was taken away , at this time David comforts himself in the Lord his God. So Job , see how quiet his heart is , and well satisfied , when he rested on God , in the greatest occasions and troubles , his goods was carried away , his sons were slain , all added to Jobs misery , but he comes to this ; The Lord hath given and the Lord hath taken away , blessed be the Lord ; when he can look above the creature to God , and settle his heart upon this rock , he finds comfort in it . On the other side , the servants of God are never out of trouble , and disquiet when they neglect this , as the Disciples in the tempest upon the Sea , Math. 8. they cry out they are utterly undone ; Save Master : saith Christ , Oh ye of little faith ! The not exercising of their faith did so perplex and disquiet them as it did , and if you look upon all the complaints of the lives of men , for the loss of such friends , and the decay of trading , for the ill dealing of Customers , for sickness , &c. Men are always complaining . What is the reason ? Because they place too much hope and confidence in the creature ; they look not above these things with the eye of faith , and hence comes that disturbance , and disquiet , if the outward means be taken from them , they look not upon that God that hath all means and opportunities in his own hand . You beleeve in God , beleeve also in me . They that would have their hearts quiet by beleeving in God should especially exercise faith in resting on Christ . Beleeve in me , saith Christ , for the heart of man flies off from God ; Alas , the Lord is holy , and I am a sinful man , he is righteous , and I am sinful , who shall come before this holy and righteous God ? Now when faith can look upon Christ , and set him between God and me , and look on God through him , now the soul rests , he looks on God as a Father through Christ his Son ; when the soul looks on Christ , as my husband married to me , as my head , and I am united to him as a member , as my Lord that hath taken me into his protection , when the soul thus looks on Christ , now it looks upon God in all his attributes , wondrous glorious , and comfortable to the soul . This is the thing that I can but touch at this time ; There are two things considerable in it . First , there is no ground of reposing the soul upon God , but by beleeving in Christ , he is the Mediatour . Therefore in John 8.24 . saith Christ , Except you beleeve , that I am he whom the Father sent , you shall die in your sins . The Jews , they did beleeve in God , they were the children of Abraham , and worshipped the God of their Fathers , and beleeved in God ; but , saith he , except you beleeve in me , that I am he that God hath sent as Mediatour ; you shall die in your sins . And so in this Chapter ; I am the way , the truth , and the life , no man cometh to the Father , but by me ; there is no other way to the Father . That as the high Priest under the law was in all things pertaining to God , he was between God and the people . So Christ our great high Priest is in all things that concern the glory of God , and the salvation of man , and the acceptance of a sinner , in all things between God and us ; Here is the first thing . Secondly , it is worth our consideration , how Christ comes to be thus , he was willing to die , a cursed , a shameful , and cruel death of the Cross , and to be despised and abased , and all this for man , and yet Christ crucified is despised , and scorned in the world , therefore if ever you will have acceptance of God , beleeve in me , [ In me ] that am now going from you ; that am to be taken away by a cursed ignominious death : Here is another truth then , They that believe in Christ , must believe in Christ abased , and Crucified , as well as in Christ in Glory . That is a thing that flesh and blood despiseth , indeed all the World speaks well of the profession of the Faith , and believing in Christ , when Christ is in triumph , Conquering to conquer : every man glories in Christians , but when Christianity and profession is cryed down in the world , when Christ is Crucified , when all the World speaks ill of the wayes of Christ , and of the obedience of Faith ; now to obey a crucified , scorned , despised Christ in the sight of the world , to rest on him in the midst of his abasement , this will comfort the heart of a man in the times of the greatest trouble , there is great reason it should be thus . For Christ is the Almighty Glorious God in the midst of his abasement , his Divinity was not a whit abated , nor his Divine Excellencies diminished by all his Sufferings ; you see Christ in the dayes of his flesh , he cast Devils out of men , and they obeyed him ; The Devils were subject unto him , when he conversed among men in the body ; nay on the Cross he saved the Thief that confessed him in the sight of all his Enemies , when he was a crucified Christ , at that instant he triumphed on the very Cross , and saved a sinner that believed at that time , to shew that he was as mighty on the Cross , as he is now at the right hand of the Father . Now I say , is not Christs glory a whit diminished in his abasement ? why should our belief be abated for all the scorn and despite of the world that is cast upon the profession of the Faith of Christ ? Now briefly some Application of this , and so to take in the rest withont amplification , because the time is past . It should teach us in all disquiet , to know what course is to be taken ; every one will say , I rest upon God , there is sufficient in him to make me happy . But how shall I come to have interest in God ? The well is deep , where is the bucket ? what is the means to relieve my Soul , and to supply my wants ? Believe in me , saith Christ ; let the Soul look on Christ immediatly as the Mediator between God and us : this is that I should have spoken of , and a word of Exhortation to the purpose . You will say , what is it to believe in Christ ? The first thing that is done in this , is receiving Christ upon Gods offer of him , God offers Christ in all his Offices , as King , Priest , and Prophet , as a Lord and Saviour to the Church , and he would have men take whole Christ , or no part of him . Now if the Soul answer to this offer of God , he shall be my Lord to rule me , my Prophet to instruct me , my Saviour upon whom my Soul shall rest for Salvation ; this is the answer of the Soul to God , this is the receiving . Now you must know there must be a right propounding , and a right apprehending of Christ You must know first what it is to receive Christ as a Prophet , as one that will instruct us in the truths that are contrary to natural principles in the corrupt understanding of man , he will lead you now in the way of the Wilderness , in by-pathes , in crooked , rough wayes , he will teach you to deny your selves . The first rule that he gives , is for a man to deny himself ; as if he should say , that is the first work : he dyed to pull down all the old frame , and to set it up again ; for what is the understanding of man , but a frame of false principles ? for the natural mind of man , it is nothing but a habit , a heap , a pile of false principles , that every man perisheth by the delusion of his own understanding ; now the first work of Christ is to dissolve this frame , and to blot out these rules whereby men walk when they are lead by sence , and natural reason , and observation of the world ; now these must all be taken away , and a man must resolve all now into the authority of Christs speaking . A word of Christ is enough against a thousand examples in the world , and against a thousand reasons of a mans own corrupt heart . This is to receive Christ as a Prophet , when I will not walk by the rules of my deluded reason , and corrupt mind , after which I was carried before , but the Word of Christ shall carry me in all things , here is obedience of Faith in matter of Doctrine . And so to receive Christ as a King , would you know what a King he is ? he is a holy King , whose laws are all right , the Law of Faith is a righteous Law , and the obedience of Faith must be obedience to righteousness , that is righteous obedience wherein a man labours more and more to perfect holiness in the fear of God. Hence comes all that care to mortifie corruptions , and to frame the inward man to conform to those rules that are taught by Christ as a Prophet ; the soul receiving Christ as a King gives it self to obey all the rules and directions that Christ in his Word as a Prophet hath lest : and this it doth in faith , that is , looking upon his authority that hath commanded it ; for that is properly an act of faith when things are done upon this ground , upon the authority of him that hath revealed it , I believe it to be his will , because he hath revealed it ; and it is my duty , because it is his will ; Thus the soul resolves all to Christ , as a Prophet and a King. And then it rests on him as a Priest , and comforts it self in Spirit , now for a man when he wants comfort he must not separate the offices af Christ , and say , I will rest on Christ as a Priest ; these are errours and delusions . Shall a man be saved by a half Faith , by a peece of Faith ? To look on Christ in one office , and to think to be saved only by that without concurring , and concomitating in the other offices ? Beloved as Christ is entire in all his offices , so the faith of a believer is entire looking upon all his offices ; therefore we must receive him as King , Priest , and Prophet , that he may be wisdom , righteousness , sanctification , and redemption , that he may be all to the believing soul , for present , and for future happiness , else if Christ be not all , he will be nothing ; men must not please themselves to look upon one office of Christ ; and to neglect all the rest . When this is done come to the main matter , the soul is beaten off ; as when a man is in a Boat getting to land after shipwrack , there comes a storm and beats him back again when he thinks he is even at the shoar , but still he takes hold on the Boat and keeps his eye upon the shoar : So the soul when it comes to this to be beat off again , still it keeps the shoar in its sight , and directs it self towards Christ , that should be the end and aim of all a mans endeavours , the true object of faith ; I beseech you consider this point . But a man will say , though I be careful to receive him ( I speak of weak Christians , or of strong Christians that are weakned by temptations ) Alas what hope have I in Christ , Christ is in heaven , and I am upon the earth ? Did Christ when he was upon the earth , so tender the trouble of his servants at that time , as that when he himself was to suffer , yet he took care to comfort them , be not you troubled but believe in me ; As if he should say , though I be exposed to a world of trouble , and at this time my soul is heavy unto death , yet be not troubled : was he so careful when he was in his own troubles on earth to comfort them ? and will he not now be so in heaven , when he is in blessedness ? certainly the soul that hath recours to Christ shall not return empty ; therefore see how Christ is exprest in heaven , Matth. 25. Come ye blessed , &c. For what you have done to these you have done to me , he is in heaven ; and so Saul , why dost thou persecute me ? he is in heaven , yet in respect of his Church he is below ; therefore be assured that Christ hath not put off the bowels of love to his people , he will be the same if thou receive him as a Lord and Saviour , as ever he was to his Disciples . But it may be objected , we are exposed to many uncertainties , though we beleeve in Christ , and we find not the comfort of it here . Therefore Christ saith , rest not upon things present , here you are in Tents , but you shall come to your fathers house , there is a place provided for you , between which and this there is as much difference as is between a house and a Tent , between a mans own mansion and an Inn. And though you have hard entertainment in the world , yet you shall have an abiding place after . But you will say , indeed there are mansions , but there are abundance to receive them , what shall we do ? There are many masions , therefore look as there are many children to be brought to glory , so there are many places to receive them in glory , and to settle them there : we see what a vast body the Sun is , and the Stars are , yet they seem but little sparks in comparison of the heavens above us , but what is the heaven of heavens that contain all these ? infinitely beyond in its own compass ; there are many mansions . But how shall we come to heaven ? Saith Christ , I go to prepare a place for you ; as if he should say , all that I have done , is for your sakes , I die and ascend , and sit at the right hand of God for your sakes , I will come at the day of judgment to bring you to glory , all that Christ doth now , as God-man , as Mediator between God and us , all is for our sake . But when Christ is taken from us , how shall we get thither . Saith he , I will come , and bring you with me , I will come in glory at the day of Judgment in the clouds and inable you to meet me ; and thence bring you to those heavenly mansions in my fathers house , never doubt how these things shall be done , I will do them all ; Thus Christ would confirm their faith , there is the greatest happiness and comfort in this , wherein he would have them setled ; this should stir us up to settle our hearts this way ; But the time is past , this shall be sufficient for this time . FAITHS TRIUMPH OVER THE GREATEST TRYALS . SERMON XXXII . HEB. 11.17 . By faith Abraham when he was tried , offered up his son Isaac , and he that had received the promise offered up his onely begotten son . THis Chapter doth speak in the commendation of the Faith of many of the Patriarchs , and Abraham among the rest is brought in , with a manifest testimony of his Faith : there be two things observable , which Abrahams Faith strengthened him to act , one was to give up his Country , the other was to give up his Son : to give up his Country in verse 8. By Faith Abraham , when he was called of God , to go out in a place which he should after receive for an inheritance , obeyed , and he went out not knowing whether he went. To leave our friends , our parents , to take our journey we know not whither , to live among we know not whom , and all this upon a bare word ; this was not an easie thing , to part with good Land for some good words ; this was a hard matter , sence derides it , and reason contemns it , and will not hearken to it , but Faith can see more in Gods promise , than sence can find . Abraham will leave his Country , when God calls him to it , but never shall lose his inheritance by beleeving and obeying : no man did ever yet hazard his estate , who could part with it upon obedient terms . A second thing that he is to part with , is with his Son , his only son , his first begotten son , in this Act of faith ; Abraham sails against wind and tide , where he breaks through the contentments of the world , not only of sence and reason , but of natural affection . The story in a word is this , God after many years patience , at length gave Abraham a son in his old age , he was the child of many prayers , and of many teares , the parents delight , and to Abrahams thinking an heir of life , because a child of the Promise ; he had not long spent his gray hairs in a strange land , but God on a sudden calls upon Abraham to give back his son , his very son Isaac , as we may read in the 22 of Genesis . Now what doth Abraham do ? how doth he behave himself ? doth he expostulate with God ? Any thing , Lord but spare my son Isaac . Nay , the Text saith , he offered up his son ; Doth he murmure and grumble against God in this manner ; Lord why dost thou single out this delight of mine ? why dost thou seem to envy this blessing of mine ? No he offered up his Isaac ; as if the Text had expressed Ahrahams language thus ; O Lord my God , what is it that thou callest for ? whom is it that thou callest for ? is it for my only son Isaac , the son of my love , the son of thy promise , the son of my age ? verily Lord thou shalt have him ; it is true , I love him dearly well , but I love thee better ; I got him by beleeving , and I shall never lose him by obeying ; if Isaac were a thousand sons thou shouldest have them all , though I am a father , yet Lord thou art a God , if I give him , he is a sacrifice acceptable , and though I kill him , yet thou canst quicken him and raise him again ; I shall never lose my Isaac , though I part with my son , for thou hast said , in Isaac shall thy seed be called . Now the parts of these words are two ; First , we have Abrahams great tryal . Secondly , we have Abrahams acquitment . First his tryal , Abraham was tried when he offered up his son . Secondly his acquitment , by Faith Abraham offered up his son . In the former we may observe three particulars ; First , the person that is tried , Abraham . Secondly , the Person that tried him , God. Thirdly , the thing wherein he was tried , it was no ordinary thing , it was to part with a part of himself , to offer up his dear son Isaac . In the latter part two things are observable ; First , his quickening up himself in his obediential act , he offered up Isaac , saith the Text. Secondly , the powerful cause which did inable Abraham to so difficult a work ; By faith Abraham when he was tried offered up his son , and he that had received the promise offered up his only begotten son . Now I cannot handle all these parts by several peeces as they lye , therefore I will deliver to you the juyce and substance of all that I have to say , in two Propositions , there might be many more collected from these words , but I will speak of no more , the first is this ; That strong and great trials may befal strong and great Christians . The second Proposition is this ; That faith will make a man acquit himself in great trials . Now for the first . That strong and great trials may befal strong and great Christians . The Text clears it in Abraham , about his son , his only son , a great trial , there are ten remarkable steps in this trial of Abraham in oftering up his Son. First , had it been to part with a dutiful servant , this had been something , but to part with a Son , this is much more , this we know that the relation of a servant is much less then that of a child . Again , if he had been to part with a faithful friend , such a one as Jonathan was to David , this would have tried him , but to part with a tender Isaac , this is much more . Again , if it were an adopted son that he were to part with , it were not so much , but to part with a natural son , one that was a part of himself , a part of his own body . Again , if he were a son amongst many more , but he must part with his only son , his only son Isaac . Again , if Abraham had been young , and might have enjoyed another son , it had not been so much , but he is the only son of his old age . Again , if it were the son of his old age , if it had been an Ishmael , this had not been so much , but his only son Isaac , a child of promise , and of prayer , a child of many tears . Again , if it had been a son wherein he took no great delight , that his affections were not so much set upon , it had not been so much , but it was the son of his love ; he must not onely part with his only son , and the only son of his old age , but his only son whom he loved . Again , if it were but only to part from him , to have him taken away , this had not been so much , but he must kill his son , he must cut his son all in peeces , and so offer him up to God , wherein his heart might have disputed with that sinful act of murder . Again , if another had been to do it to cut his son in peeces , but Abraham must do it himself , the tender Father must take away the life of his tender child . Again , it had not been so great ; if Abraham had been to do it presently , or neer to some of his friends , that might have hindered him from this Act ; but Abraham must go three dayes journey , and must go to an unknown place , and there must pour out the heart and bloud , and life of his Isaac . In these many particulars we may see the greatness of Abrahams trial ; O the heighth and depth , and bredth of this trial , no one could impose such a trial , but a God , and none could answer such a trial but an Abraham . Job may come in as another instance , God gives Job this testimony , that he was an eminent person , None like him in the earth , a perfect and upright man , and one that feared God , and eschewed evil ; He seemed to be the tallest Cedar , and yet he had the sharpest winds , his eminency in grace , would not deliver him from trouble , he is tried many wayes , in the loss of his cattel , and then in the loss of his servants , and then in the loss of his children , and in the loss of all his children at once , and all on a sudden , and at such a time , the time of his greatest prosperity : he is tried by his neer friends , condemned for an hypocrite , and by his own wife contemned , and tempted to curse God ; and he was tried by God himself , He wrote bitter things against him , and fastened his arrowes in his spirit . But to leave these instances , let me crave leave a little to touch upon two things for the full and cleer opening of this point . First , I will shew you wherein the strength of a trial may consist . And secondly , I will shew you , why God is pleased to lay strong and great trials , upon strong and great Christians . First , wherein the strength of a trial may confist , and I will observe six things which may make a trial great . First , one is the goodness , and kindness of the agent that deals with us , when any neer to us in a singular relation to us , shall seem to turn against us , and spoil us , and persecute us , when a dear friend shall prove a bitter enemy ; O this is a heavy trial , no sword cuts so sharp as this , nothing makes a greater wound then this ; when God himself shall seem to reject : He who had said thus much , I will be a God to Abraham , and I will bless thee , and multiply thy seed , and yet now to command him a Duel with his son : for a man to meet with a condition of trouble and sorrow , when he expects all mercy and compassion , and tenderness of love ; O this doth cause singular sorrow : to meet with waves in the middest of the Ocean , it is a common thing , but to thrust the ship into some harbour , and there to meet shipwark , O this is very much : for a Christian to find scorns , and hard usage from the world , this is but an ordinary thing ; but when he looks up to heaven , and receives such looks and frowns from God , that fetch tears from his eyes , and from his heart , this is much more . Secondly , the strength of a tryal may consist in the neerness of an object , when the tryal is not that which rends the garment , but rends the heart ; for a woman to lose her ring , is not so much , but to lose her husband , this is much more ; for a man to lose an outward thing is something , but to lose a child is much more ; this many times is the renting of the loyns a sunder , for David to lose a servant is not so much , but when David loses Absalom , then he cries out , O Absalom , my son , would God I had dyed for thee . O Absalom my son , my son . God is pleased many times to try his servants , by taking away the delight of their eyes , and the joy of their heart , and the hope of their lives . Thirdly , the strength of a tryal may consist in the neerness of a comfort , a tryal is strongest when it seems to pluck away the thing that is neerest the heart , when God plucks away a Child sucking at the breast , when he takes away that whereon our delight is fixed ; when God on a sudden , doth take away and cousume the Gourd that shadowed Jonah , when he snatches away the thing that we take content in ; O this will enter to the quick , and greatly amaze us , when out affection is placed , and setled in a designed object , in a person that we neerly love , and now to take away that comfort , and as it were to diverse the heart from the heart ; O this goes neer us , this doth exceedingly trouble a person . Fourthly , the strength of a tryal may consist in the suddenness of it , to enjoy a comfort , and on a sudden to have it taken away as it were in a mans sleep , such a thing that he did not dream of , when he did not expect that such a thing would befal him , if a man had heard something before hand , he might have been better fitted for it ; When the Prophet saw the Cloud ascend out of the Sea , being warned of abundance of rain , he hastened to escape . So if a person have fore-notice of such a cross that would fall upon him , he might be somewhat armed and prepared , he might in some measure be able to bear his tryal , like a little Boat well mannaged may meet with lofty waves , but when the affliction shall take a man at unawares , when it takes us before we can gather our selves together , before we can put out our selves in prayer ; for a man to go forth , and come home and find a wife dead , and for a Woman to go forth , and come home and find her Husband dead : for a tender Mother to kiss her child , and lay it down to rest , and the next turn to find her child dead ; this is a great tryal . Fifthly , the strength of a tryal is in the successiveness of a tryal , the repetition of a tryal , when Jobs messengers come with news of one affliction , having scarse delivered their message , and their errand , but another comes , when there is a course of tryal one after another ; Thou , O Lord , hast set me as a mark , saith Job ; Why a mark ? why God had , as it were , singled him a man for sorrow and tryal , one arrow had no sooner lighted on him , but another comes and pierces him ; Now this doth deeply prove our patience , and makes us sometime wonder , that the Lord should give us no rest , when one affliction shall succeed another , without any Cordial when the handkerchiff shall no sooner wipe off one tear , but presently another distills down ; Herein is a great strength of tryal , the heart is wonderfully cast down . Sixtly , the strength of a tryal may consist in the strangeness of our obedience to it , as when a matter is put upon us as a duty to be obeyed , and hath some contradiction to the precept of God : when a tryal doth cross the precept of obedience , and jussle against the promise of God , that a man can hardly obey God , but he must make God a lyar . Abraham could not have obeyed God in killing his Child , but he must run against that other command , forbidding murther ; he could not defer it , but he must violate his faith ; Now this doth exceedindly distract the Soul with a great tryal , the more contrary the tryal is to the precept of obedience , the greater is the tryal , and the more neer to the person . But I proceed to the next question . Why the Lord doth impose great tryals upon great Christians , the reasons of it may be these ; First , great grace will be obscure , and will scarce shew it self , unless there be great tryals ; and therefore S. Paul when he was lift up to the third heavens , lest he should be exalted above measure , there was given him a thorne in the flesh , he is beaten down with temptation , that the grace of God might the more appear . God doth hereby prevent our fall , and doth hold great grace in great conflicts , that the soul might have little leisure to admire its own fulness . Secondly , great tryals for great Christians , because who is more able to sustain grear tryals then great Christians ? God is wise in all his actions ; and as Paul speaks in another case , there was milk for babes , and meat for strong men ; so when he imposes any affliction , he considers the person , and so proportions the affliction : he imposes the greatest burden , upon the greatest Christian , a little blast is enough for a tender oak , but a well grounded one may endure the strongest winds : a poor weak Christian , a little tryal will cast him down , but a well experienced Christian that hath inriched himself with the promises of God , that hath hardned himself with the receit of singular comforts , one that knoweth the life of faith , that hath gotten singular patience , he can endure a hard storm , he can go through great tryals with great comfort ; He can say with Job , though thou dost kill me , yet will I trust in thee ; he will be able to go through many sad nights , and great tryals , his faith will make him conquer all . I come to the second point , and that is this ; that , Faith will make a man acquit himself in great Tryals . Though Abraham is put upon it , in a great tryal , in offering up his son , yet by faith Abraham acquits himself , and offers up his beloved son . The meaning of the proposition is this , that faith will inable a man to give back his dearest comfort again to God , though Isaac lie in Abrahams bosome , though Isaac lie at Abrahams heart , yet Abrahams faith upon Gods call will take him thence , and present him to that God who gave him . Faith makes a man resign up willingly unto God his dearest comfort , as Job did ; The Lord hath given , and the Lord hath taken away , blessed be the name of the Lord. Beloved , remember this , faith can take a mercy and be thankful , and faith can part with a mercy and be content . Paul he had learned how to abound , and how to be in want ; and this lesson was the lesson of faith : faith makes a Christian take from Christ , what it injoyes , like one of the blessed Martyrs , his condition was , if God gave him any mercy , he was chearful ; if the Lord take away any mercy , he fits down with contentment , quieting his soul in patience , if God give him any mercy , he was not swoln with pride ; if God take away any mercy , he was not cast down with sorrow . Dost thou remember me , O Lord ; saith faith : Lord I am unworthy the least of all thy mercies and goodness . Lord dost thou call for this blessing back again ? why here it is Lord , do what thou pleasest ; like an honest debtor , saith he , if you can spare me a little , I will thank you , but if you will have it , here it is ; as the blessing is a gift of Gods kindness , so neither doth faith account of any mercy , but a borrowed , a lent good which God may require when he pleases . There is a double acquitting of our selves , one is a necessary acquitting , and the other is a pious , and Christian acquitting : there is this difference between a godly man , and another , when God calls for any one of thy comforts , it must be restored , God is the Lord of life , and whether we are willing or not , when he calls , the comfort and we must part , and in this respect a man who wants a lively faith , may acquit himself in a tryal , when he sees that floods of tears will not help him , specially when he sees it is past recovery , he resigns up a comfort , when he can keep it no longer , he will part with a blessing when he cannot avoid it . But then there is a pious acquitting of our selves , when God calls for a comfort back , the hand of Faith presents the comfor to God again , when God calls for Isaac , Abraham presently resigns up his beloved Son again , upon this ground ; God is the Lord who gave him , and now the Lord calls for him back again ; I , and the Lord shall have him ; thus Faith acquits the soul in great tryals , and joyns with God against all our own contentments , to set down with much patience in great losses , to submit to Gods call , and Gods appointment . Now the reasons why Faith can acquit a man in great tryals may be these . First , Faith can exalt Gods will above all , and submit our wills to Gods will , remember this . God is the Author of mercy , when he will he gives us , and when he pleaseth , he takes it away again . It is well to have abundance , saith nature , and sence , we cannot be without it : no saith Faith , I will yeeld to Gods will , it is good to enjoy this saith Sence ; it is better to part with it , saith Faith , when God calls for it . Secondly , Faith can give God the glory of all outward comforts ; this is a great occasion of stilling our souls , to find out the right owner of our comforts ; if a man did once discern that by faith , that God is the Author of all comfort , and that all mercies come from God , this would make us submit in the day of tryal : this is certain , God is the God of our bodies , and of our souls , and of our comforts ; who hath more right to a possession then the owner , all our comforts are but Gods servants , God is the great Land-Lord of heaven and earth , the God of all our possessions ; what if he be pleased to gather a flower , we are but tenants at will , and whatsoever our outward estate is , Faith over-looks all , and submits all to God , and receives it by Gods permission , and doth as it were hear the Lord say , I must do what I will with mine own ; Faith makes a man say , nothing is mine own , my Child is not mine own , my Wife is not mine own , it is Gods possession , when God calls for it ; Faith resigns it up as Gods due , faith renders unto God , the things that are Gods. Thirdly , Faith can make the soul acquit it self in great tryals , because faith finds no loss by obediencial submission , for all our unwillingness to resign up , and to part with any comfort , it doth arise from infidelity , or from the stubbornness that is in a person , when a man haves and holds his comfort contrary to Gods will ; or else it doth arise from a conceit that some dammage will redound to our selves , ●…parting with such a blessing , but faith sees safety enough to yeeld up all into Gods hands , who is the Father of mercy , and God of all consolation . Thus we see Abraham being put to it about his only son , he gives up his child , his Isaac , and God bestows Isaac upon Abraham again ; nay , a further degree of blessing confirmed with an oath ; In blessing , I will bless thee , and in multiplying I will multiply thee , and will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven ; This is ever true ; faith makes a man give back a blessing with this conclusion , either God will continue the comfort to a person , or else he will give him more , or a better for it . Fourthly , a fourth reason why Faith can make a man acquit himself in great tryals , because Faith can find all losses made up in God alone ; Faith can find God as a most ample and universal good ; Faith doth look upon God as a particular good , and such a good that answers all again , that abundantly makes up all losses : There be many broken peeces of comfort that must concur to make up our outward good ; for our good here below is a compounded good , the Wise is a part that makes up our good below ; and our children are a part that makes up our good below , and our health , and our riches , and our friends ; many of these concur together , to make up our good here below is a compounded good , the Wife is a part that makes up our good below ; and our children are a part that makes up our good below , and our health , and our riches , and our friends ; many of these concur together , to make up our good below : but God is all this in himself , and much more , whatsoever good , whatsoever comforts , are in a Child , a Wife , a Husband , or in friends , in riches , in health , all that is in God , and much more to faith : what is that thou seest in a Husband , or in a Wife , or in a Child , that thou mayest not see in God ? What is that thou findest in a friend , that thou mayest not find in God ? and what is there in riches , that thou mayest not have much more in God ? the Husband can do thee no good without God , who can do thee so much good as God ? the Husband can comfort thee , who can comfort thee so much as God ? a friend may counsel thee , and direct thee , but he cannot deliver thee ; Faith sees more in God than in riches , more in God then in all outward blessings ; bring all the outward comforts together , they cannot make up a Christians comfort ; Faith is never satisfied with these things , it is not a Child alone , nor a Husband alone , nor a Wife alone , nor a friend alone , that makes up a Christians comfort , but God alone can do it ; whatsoever is in any outward comfort Faith find it much more in God , God and his favour , God and his gracious countenance , these make up a Christians comfort , this alone supports the Christian , and in the want of all things Faith can comfort it self in the favour of God ; in the loss of all things , Faith can find all again in the favour of God. This is a fourth reason why Faith makes a man acquit himself in great Tryals . A fifth reason , why Faith makes a man acquit himself in great troubles , because Faith knows upon what terms we possess all these outward comforts , upon what small grounds we possess them ; upon moveable and changeable titles . Faith looks upon all these things , as upon things that he must part from ; we have here no abiding City , our place and being here is but for a short time , and remember this , God never bestowed any comfort upon thee and me , with an assurance of an immortal possession , all the assurance that he hath given thee is nothing , all the creature is but vanity , it is of a shifting nature , and therefore it is said of riches , that they do take to themselves wings , they skip away , honour is soon gone , riches are soon gone , the life of man is soon gone , the life of man is but a breath , a vapour which is presently consumed , but a glass of a brittle substance , all our comforts are of a changeable nature ; that whereon we set our affection , is taken from us in a moment . Thus I have opened these two points , now give me leave to make some use ; I will spare to speak to you of the occasion of our meeting together , for Funeral Sermons are not for the advantage of the dead , but for the instruction of the living : there are two Uses that I will make of those two propositions ; I know many more may be produced , but I consider the time . The first Use is this ; Since great tryals may befal great Christians , then let us prepare for great tryals , for as much as such kind and degrees of affliction and crosses may besal us . There are two things that a man should alwaies provide for , one is while we live to provide for Death ; the other is while we are in prosperity , to provide for affliction , for a change : and for this consider two things . First our outward condition is but a shadow , it hath a natural aptness to change , there is not a person that hears me this day , but this may concern his outward condition ; Man is born unto trouble , saith Job , as the sparks fly upward ; as if trouble were his natural sphear wherein he is to move . Thou canst not assure thy self of life , no not a moment ; nor of any of these outward comforts , neither canst thou promise thy self security in any state or condition , though thou maist get assurance that God wil save thee , yet thou canst never get assurance , that God will never try thee ; we see that Death enters into many houses of this City at this time ; in one house , one hath lost a Father , another hath lost a Wife , another hath lost a Husband , another hath lost a Child , another is in sorrow for the loss of a dear friend ; and therefore we should provide for a change , because the next commission of Death , may enter into our houses ; it is our sins that puts our lives upon these conditions ; our sins do alwayes leave something contrary to our comforts , to alter and change our present condition , Death takes away our life , and plucks away our comfort , and dis-inherits us of all these outward things ; how soon doth Death lay honour in the dust ? how soon is beauty ecclipsed by deformity ? our strength laid down by weakness ? our health overcome by sickness , our life overtaken by Death ? all these may ecclipse our comforts , these clouds may soon darken our sun ; one thing or other every moment is ready to put out our candle , to darken our day , to cease our life ; alas what is life but a shadow ? What is honour but a blast ? what are the things we do so much pride our selves in ? they are but as Jonahs Gourd , which perisheth in a moment , and many times the cause of our sorrow and affliction ; the loss of them a greater griefe then the want of them , this staffe on which we lean will soon be broken ; a Ship may last for a while , but she will sink at the last . What is the Wife mans verdict of all things under the Sun ? he concludes they are all vanity ; that is not enough , they are nothing but vanity ; that is not enough neither , they are nothing but vanity , and vexation of spirit , things less then nothing : then how little is it that we are to expect from them ? we should provide for a change ; not only our outward condition is thus changeable , but our inward condition too ; our spiritual comfort is changeable , though there is stability in the main , yet a Christian meets with many intermissions . Beloved , if our condition were not changeable , I would hold my tongue from exhorting you to provide for a change . Secondly , as our outward condition is cast upon many changes , so when these changes do befal us , when they come to strip us of our comfort , verily they will put us to it . Thou art mistaken , thou thinkest thou canst bear a loss , or a cross , it is not so easie a matter to bear the loss of a Child ; or a Husband , or a Wife , or a Father , or the loss of a dear friend ; it is not so easie a thing to bear the loss of an estate , as thou thinkest , thou shalt find it a hard matter to bear in worldly sorrow , we may seem to take courage before affliction comes , but when afflictions and trials fall upon us , then we are put to it : it is with us , as with a Ship , when the Sun doth shine , and the Seas are calm , and the Wind fair , then she goes on pleasantly in her motion , but in a storm all little enough to keep her steady : in our easie dayes , in our dayes of peace , in our calm estate , then we can hold up our heads well enough ; but in our losses and crosses , we shall hardly bear up , unless the Lord do mightily support us . We may observe two sorts of persons in the world , some are insensible persons , who are like the Rock that nothing can break it ; who are so hardened , that though God do scourge them , yet they feel it not , though God doth threaten them , they fear not , though Gods hand be already upon them , they regard it not ; a condition not so much now to be checked , as to be deplored . To such persons it is all one , whether God bless , or whether God curse ; whether he speak by his Word , or by his Rod , it is all one to them , they feel nothing , nor fear nothing . Secondly , there is another sort of persons , who are sensible persons , sensible of Gods love , and sensible of Gods anger ; they know that God is good and wife , that he doth not strike off our comforts from us , but upon some special cause . Now to stay upon God , and to yeeld to the Lord ; It is the Lord , let him do what seems good unto him . God doth not deprive me of such a comfort , but he sees it best for me . Beloved , it were good to learn this lesson , it will cost thee something in a neer trial , to acquit thy self by faith , to acquit God , and to submit to his chastisement , to kiss the rod , to judg the sin , to bend the soul , to better the life , this were an excellent lesson to learn in all our trials and afflictions . Secondly , if great trials may befall great Christiaus , and faith is that which will make a man acquit himself in great trials ; then get faith , use faith . What faith is , I have divers times discovered in this assembly , whence it comes , from heaven , how we may attain it , by the word and Prayer ; but to omit these , I say get faith , labour for this grace of faith , if there were no other reason but this , it is able to support us in our dayes of trial , it is able to give us comfort in our greatest sorrow ; this were motive enough to make us labour to get faith , the day of trial being so common , and we apt every moment to fall under some trial or other . There be four vertues and special effects that faith works in the soul , which will inable us to go through great trials , and therefore we should labour to get this grace of faith into our souls . First , faith gets assurance ; Secondly , breeds submittance ; Thirdly , dependance ; and lastly , conveyance . First , faith gets assurance , it can eye God as our God , though the storms be very great , yet God can quiet it . When a man though he sees his outward comfort dead , yet Faith sees it in the hand of a living God ; Faith assures the soul , God will put an end to the trial , though there be a changeableness in the outward condition , yet there is safety in God , and setledness in God. Though a man may look with a dull eye upon his loss , yet if he can look upon God with the eye of faith , as his God , the absence of a poor creature cannot so much trouble him , as the presence of a gracious , and a glorious God , can comfort and support him . Secondly , submittance is another effect of faith , which faith works in the soul : our outward condition is subject to many changes , and many times we meet with them , and we are hindered in our comforts , and naturally we grow impatient , and murmur and quarrel with Gods providence ; but now there is a vertue in faith , it fashions the heart , and the mind to the condition , faith makes a man submit to God in all estates , to make us stoop to our burthen , it is the Lord saith Eli. 1 Sam. 3. let him do what seems good unto him ; and in the 39. Psal . saith David , I was dumb , and opened not my mouth , because the Lord did it . Observe this , unbelief makes a man dumb , and faith made David dumb . Zachary , because he beleeved not the word that the Angel spake , he was dumb ; and David because he beleeved the word of the Lord , he was dumb ; unbelief procures dumbness , as a judgment from God , but faith makes a Christian dumb from complaining , it quiets the soul in silence from murmuring against God , it doth not make a person dumb , as not to pray , and to praise God , but dumb in complaint . Good is the word of the Lord , saith Faith. A third effect of Faith is dependance , it will make a man trust God in frowning dayes , though he kill me , yet will I trust in him , saith Faith : we can never lose any outward comfort , but Faith can find a better in God , though an outward loss may come , yet Faith can make it up in God , in the want of an outward comfort it will trust God ; Lord what wait I for ? saith David , truly my hope is in thee . Though the Christian estate may be at some time moanful , yet at no time it is hopeless . A fourth effect , that Faith works is conveyance , it can convey something to inable the soul to bear it up in all trials : as Faith is an active grace to inable the soul to the performance of duty ; so Faith is a passive grace , to strengthen the soul to suffer and bear affliction ; To you , saith the Apostle , it is given not only to beleeve , but also to suffer for his Name . Faith will call in strength enough to bear affliction : we see many times a poor Christian by the strength of faith is able to bear a great loss , and undergo a great trial . God is pleased to exercise a Christian with great affliction , but Faith carries the soul along through all : remember this , Faith bears Gods trials , with Gods strength , there is a power in Faith which exceeds all outward crosses and losses ; Faith draws strength from the Promise , for there is no cross nor affliction , but Faith can find a support in the promise of deliverance . Faith makes a man see the affliction , as it were , come out of the hand of the Lord , out of the hand of Mercy ; Faith can convey comfort to the soul in affliction , by making it see the chastisement delivered from the hand of a wise and loving Father , that our chastisement is for our profit , for our future advantage , and that this is sent for our personal good : if thou couldest get but a sensible denyal of thy self , and by faith see all things measured out by the Lord : this would make us with patience , take from God what he imposes upon us ; Faith will make a man conquer himself , it will silence all murmuring , and make the Soul bear its cross with patience . THE PRIVILEDGE OF THE FAITHFUL : OR , The Joint-Inheritance OF ALL BELIEVERS . SERMON XXXIII . 1 PET. 3.7 . As Heirs together of the grace of life . TO let pass all by-passages , you have in this Text the priviledge of Women , which is the very same with that of Men , especially in relation to the greatest priviledge that belongeth to either of them . The very priviledge it self ( as at the first view of the Text may appear to you ) affordeth a fit Theam for such an occasion as this is ; which is the solemnization of the Funeral of a Grave , pious , and prudent Matron , who was indeed while she lived a Mother in Israel , in the Church of God : who in her life-time testified much love to the Saints of God , and in that respect I may say deserved ( now she is taken away ) this respect of Gods Saints and Children , which by you is now shewed to her in accompanying her to her bed of rest . The forenamed words of my Text , doth branch it self forth into two parts . One setteth out the priviledge it self . The other , the partakers thereof . The Priviledge , therein you may observe two points ; First the kind of it , Life . Secondly , the ground of it , grace . The partakers of this priviledge are set forth in a compounded Article , Joynt-heirs , Co-heirs , heirs together , having relation to Women . The simple consideration of the Word , shews the right they have to the forenamed priviledge , they are heirs . The compound shews the extent of it , Co-heirs , one with another , Men and Women , heirs together of the grace of life . That yet you may a little more distinctly discern the scope of the Apostle in this Text : in a word , note the inference of it upon that which goeth before , or the connection of it therewith . Lift up therefore your eyes but a little higher to the words going before , and you may observe the Apostle giving a direction to men to honour Women , notwithstanding they are the weaker vessels : Vessels they are , therefore capable of that which God shall be pleased to infuse into them , his grace : they are weak vessels , so are men also , they are earthen vessels : these are the weaker ; these comparatively may be said to be as glassie vessels , and yet notwithstanding , you have a common saying , that a glass with good keeping may last as long as an earthen Pot , but both brittle : Now notwithstanding this Sex be brittle , and the weaker , yet to be honoured , and that upon this ground , because partakers with Men , and as well as Men , of the greatest priviledge , the grace of life . Were this a meeting for the solemnization of a Marriage , I might further descan upon this plain-song , that ariseth from the inference , of Mens honouring of Women . What have I said , if it were a Marriage solemnity ? surely , howsoever here be before our eyes , the eyes of our bodies , a visible object of mortality ; yet notwithstanding , here is before us , an invisible occasion of rejoycing , as at a Marriage solemnity , to the eye of our soul , understanding , and faith : for while here we live in the world , Jesus Christ our Spouse , he hath his friends , friends of the Bridegroom , his Ministers and messengers , that in his name come to us , woo us , use all the means that may be , to move us to accept of Christ for our Lord and Husband ; When a man accepts of this offer , there is then the contract consummated , in regard of the Mutual consent that passeth between the one and the other ; Christ having his Proxies here , we the Ministers being for him ; and every believing soul for himself . This contract continueth so long as here we remain in this world ; when we depart , the body is laid in the Bride-bed , quietly to rest , and sleep , till the Bride-groom be pleased to come and awake his Spouse , and it will be a blessed voyce that he shall come withal , Come ye blessed of my Father , receive the kingdom prepared for you from the beginning of the world . As for the soul , that goeth immediatly to Christ , and is in his Fathers house with him ; the Spouse in that part , with her Husband the Lord Christ , enjoying an eternal , inviolable communion , and sweet society . But howsoever this is thus to the invisible eyes of the soul , we now must look upon the object here before us ; and answerably order out matter ; and therefore with this touch I let pass the inference , and come to the substance of the Text. You heard the sum ; you heard the parts . But we must hear proceed , Huesteron and Proteron , and clean invert the order of the words , as I hope your selves will discern , if you do but well mark the order and method : Life is in the last place ; grace before it ; the right , that cometh before it ; and the extent of that right , before all . I suppose therefore you will think that first it is meet , to lay forth the priviledge it self , Life : and then to speak of the ground of it : then of the right that we have ; and then of the Extent of that right : and this order I purpose to follow . First , therefore concerning the Priviledge it self , Life . For brevities sake , I forbear to speak much of the divers acceptations of life , and distinctions thereof , as it is in the Creatour , the only true God , Father , Son , and holy Spirit : or as it is the invisible and glorious creatures , the Angels : or as it is in men , who are animated by a reasonable soul : or as it is in those creatures that are guided only by sense , Beasts , Fowl , Fish : or otherwise , as it Trees and Plants , that come forth out of the earth , having a vegetative life only . The life here meant , is that we call eternal life ; consisting in our communion with Christ our Spouse : and this is a life proper to the Saints ; proper unto them , because coming from the grace of God , extended unto them alone ; proper unto them , because they are heirs of it . And in this extent , there is a restraint ; howsoever the extent be in divers considerations , yet a restraint , a qualification ; only believers , only found true Christians , to them it is proper . And this life is to be considered , either in the Inchoation and beginning thereof ; or in the consummation and accomplishment thereof . In regard of the Inchoation of this special life of the Saints , it is here begun in this world ; I [ now ] live ( faith the Apostle , speaking even of this life ) by the faith of the Son of God : And the Just shall live by faith . This life it is by Christs dwelling and living in us : I now live ; yet not I , but Christ liveth in me , faith the Apostle in the place before quoted . The other , it is in the world to come , and it is by a sweet feeling and fruition ; it is by our abiding with Christ , and living with him : in which respect , faith our Lord Christ , to the penitent believer upon the Cross , This day ( the very day that he dyed ) shalt thou be [ with me ] in Paradise : and so Saint Paul saith of himself ; I desire to be dissolved , and to be [ with Christ , ] implying that upon the dissolution , immediatly there is a fruition , a communion with Christ : And the same Apostle , speaking of those Saints that shall be upon the earth at the very moment of Judgment , when the dead ( faith he ) are raised , then shall we also that are alive , and remain , be cought up together with them in the clouds , to meet the Lord in the ayr , and so shall we ever be [ with the Lord. ] Now then , mark , here you see the soul hath present communion with Christ upon the dissolution of the body : and the body also shall have communion with him at the great day of the Resurrection of all flesh . Now this life and communion with Christ is proper to the Saints , by vertue of their union with Christ ; A mistical union . For Christ the Son of God , he is life originally in himself , for as the Father hath life in himself , so hath he given to the Son to have life in himself . He is also Life communicatively , communicating life unto us ; therefore he is said to be the Bread of life , and in this sence , because he is that Bread which cometh down from heaven , and giveth life unto the world . The Use of this point ( my brethren ) is manifold . I will but touch it . First , it doth instruct us in the great love , and good respect , that God beareth to us children of men , that of his own good pleasure hath written our names in the book of life ; and hath sent his Son to purchase life for us ; and to bring us also to this life . Beloved what love the Father hath shewed to us in Christ ! Secondly , this is a demonstrrtion of the woful plight wherein naturally men are in this world : they may seem to be of some account , they have a life that is far different from the life of Plants , and also from the life of Beasts ; they have a reasonable soul to animate them : Oh but this , this is not the life ; Natural life indeed is a death compared to this life , that is here noted to be proper to the Saints , which cometh by grace , wherof we are heirs : and therefore of all natural men it may be said , as the Apostle said of the wanton Widdow , she is dead while she liveth ; even so are all such dead while they live , dead in sins and trespasses : and if so be those that are in this kind dead , continue so till the death of the body seize upon them , wo , wo , wo to them , upon this followeth an eternal death , endless , easeless , and remediless torment upon body and soul for ever . Thirdly , the Saints have here consolation , against the mortality and corruption whereto they are subject here in this world ; wherein their condition is common with the condition of all ; for that that befalleth one , may befall every one , in regard of the outward estate and condition , All must die . Nay further , here is consolation against the distresses , and afflictions , and pressures , whereto the Saints are subject above others for their profession sake ; in this very respect they are hated , they are persecuted , all that will live godly in Christ Jesus shall suffer persecution ; and through many afflictions we must enter into the kingdom of heaven . Where is now there comfort ? surely this , that is set before us : you heard that natural men are dead while they live : but those that are in Christ , do live while they may seem to be dead ; Jonah lived when he was cast into the Sea , swallowed up by a Whale , and was even as it were in hell ; so the Saints , though swallowed up as we may say , in the tempestuous sea of this world by cruel Whales , yet notwithstanding they stil live that life that is begun here in the world , whereof you heard before : And to this purpose the Apostle Saint Paul , in 2 Cor. 4.9 , 10 , 11 , 12. sheweth plainly , that though they are given up unto death daily for Jesus sake , yet they are not destroyed , not clean swallowed up , but that they live in Christ , and that Christ liveth in them : We are perplexed , but not in despair ; perseouted , but not forsaken , &c. And this is it that doth comfort them , both the fruition of that life that they have here ; and their expectation of the accomplishment , and fulness thereof in the kingdom of heaven . Now ( my brethren ) this is the rather to be observed of us , because of all others , the Saints seem to be most subject to death . And the truth is , here is matter of admiration in regard of their happiness , that notwithstanding that condition whereto they are subject , there is a life they enjoy in this world ; there is a better life prepared for them hereafter . And what can be more desired ? Life of all things else is most esteemed : Men are ready in sickness , and in other distresses , to spend all that they have ( as the Woman that was troubled with the bloudy issue , spent all that she had upon the Physitians ) to preserve life , to recover health . Solomon ( speaking according to the conceit of men ) saith , that a living Dog , is better then a dead Lyon , any life better then a death , thus they imagine ; and Satan well knew mens account of life , when he could say , Skin for skin , yea all that a man hath , will be give for his life . Now , if so be that this temporal life here , that is but a flower , but a bubble , but a blast , but a breath , yea , that life that in the shortness thereof is subject to so much perplexity as it is , be notwithstanding so highly esteemed ; what is the life here promised , that while here in the enjoying , in regard of the first fruits thereof is accompanied with such a peace as passeth understanding , accompanied with the very joy of the Holy Ghost , and in the consummation thereof , such contentment , such glory , as the tongue of man cannot express , the mind of man cannot conceive ? It is noted of the Apostle Saint Paul , when he was caught up to the third heaven , and saw but a glimps of this life , he did there see ( they are his own words ) unutterable matter , things that cannot be exprest . And therefore in this respect he saith ( and that which he saith may be most fitly applied to this ) the things which eye hath not seen , nor ear heard , neither hath entred into the heart of man , are such as God hath prepared for them that love him . This is that Life which we are so to consider of as it may make us say with the Apostle , I account that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be campared with the glory which shall be revealed in us ; for our light affliction which is but for a moment , worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory . It will be here said , whence cometh this ? or what may be the ground thereof ? My Text telleth you ; It is stiled here , Grace of Life . Neither will I here insist upon the divers acceptations of grace ; as it is in man , as it is Gratis data ; or as it is in God , as it is Gratis faciens , making us accepted with himself : It is more clear then need to be proved , that eternal life it cometh from divine grace : Grace is the ground of it . Being justified by grace , ( saith the Apostle ) and again , by Grace you are saved . And indeed all things that bring us thereto , are in Scriptures attributed to Grace . And needs must it be so . For , First , out of God there can be nothing done to move him to do this or that , as if it should be done for our sakes , either meriting or procuring of it . He is independant , and we are depending upon him , and whatsoever we have is out of our selves , and cometh from him . Again , in Man there can be nothing . What is there in man but misery ? whatsoever man had , or hath ; if there be any good thing , he hath it from this fountaine of goodness , all our sufficiency is of God. And this is briefly to be noted against that proud and arrogant position of our Adversaries , concerning the merit of mans works ; as if man , by any thing in him , could merit or deserve this life , it is not the merit of life , but the grace of life . Surely they know not God , they know not his infiniteness , his all-sufficiency ; they know not man , his emptiness , his impotency , his vileness , his cursedness ; they know not this life , they know not the reward , the excellency of it , the disproportion between any thing that man can do , and this life that is thus graciously bestowed , that have such a conceit : Let them therefore pass with their foolish opinion . For our own parts , it affordeth to us another ground of comfort , and that in regard of our unworthiness : for as we are creatures , we are less than the least of Gods mercies ; but as we are mortal creatures , dust and ashes , much more unworthy of any favour ; but as we are sinful creatures , having provoked the Justice of God , most , most unworthy of any grace , of any life , most worthy of all judgements and vengeance , of eternal death and damnation . Where is now our hope ? what ground shall we have that have nothing in our selves ? surely this , the ground of this life , the grace of God. What God doth , he doth for himself , for his own names sake ; Grace is free . And these two joyned together , give evident demonstration of God to be a God , in the thing that he doth confer upon thee , and in his dealing of it : the greatness of the gift that he doth give , and the freeness of it . For who can give life , but the God of life , that hath life in himself ? And then again to do this altogether upon meer grace , upon his own good pleasure ; it is a divine property . And this is it that doth encourage us to come unto God , notwithstanding our unworthiness . And in this respect in the second place we have here a Use of instruction : to acquaint our selves with God , with the freeness of his Grace ; to plead it unto God when we come unto him , and notwithstanding our unworthiness , and our wretchedness , yet to press this , Lord , what thou dost , thou dost for thy own sake , out of thy meer grace , this makes me bold to come unto thee . Specially upon the consideration of that greatest evidence of Gods free grace , and rich mercy in giving his Son to do whatsoever is requisite for the satisfaction of his Justice : so that here Grace & Justice do sweetly go together for the strengthening of our Faith ; Grace in regard of our unworthiness ; Justice in regard of our rebellion ; God doth what he doth for his own sake ; his own Son hath made full satisfaction to his Justice . And finally , this should the more enlarge the heart to God again : a gift the freer it is , the more worthy of praise it must needs be , the more acceptable to him that receiveth it , when he receiveth it from meer Grace ; and he that giveth it , is thereby the more worthy of praise : so that lay these two together , life , and the grace of life ; and then tell me what sufficient thanks can be given to him , who out of his Grace doth bestow this life ? Thus from the priviledge in the second part thereof , come we to the partakers of this priviledge . And first of the simple consideration of it , Heirs , so that we come to a right unto that eternal life by inheritance ; as we are Heirs . So do the Texts before-noted expresly set it forth , We are justified by his grace , that we should be heirs of eternal life , Tit. 3.7 . And Saint Paul giveth thanks to God for the Collossians , that he had made them partakers of the inheritance of the Saints in light . And our Lord when he doth give us possession hereof , inducts us thereunto with this , inherit the Kingdom prepared for you , Mat. 25.34 . take it by inheritance ; here is your right . Now we may not think that this ground of right to our eternal inheritance cometh by our natural generation , for so we are heirs , and children of wrath , as the Apostle noteth in Eph. 2.3 . It cannot come by nature , for so it is Christs prerogative , the true , proper , natural Son of God ; and thus ( as the Apostle faith ) God hath appointed him heir of all things , Heb. 1.2 . but it is by another grace , whereby we are made children : A double grace in this respect : a grace of Adoption ; and a grace of Regeneration . A grace of Adoption , for God giveth to us the spirit of Adoption , whereby we are moved to cry and call , Abba , Father ; and by this grace we are children , and being children , we are heirs , Co-heirs , not only one with another , but ( as it is there noted ) heirs together with Christ , Co-heirs with him by vertue of this grace of Adoption . So likewise by the other grace of Regeneration , we are qualified hereunto ; Saint Peter in his first Epistle , chap. 1. verse 3. blesseth God , Blessed be the God ( saith he ) and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ , which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again to an inheritance incorruptible , &c. We are begotten to this inheritance . This might again be pressed as a further Argument against the fore-mentioned presumptious Doctrine of Merit : that that cometh by Inheritance , cometh not by Desert . But I pass it over . This doth afford to us matter of consolation ( for this Text is full of consolation every word of it ) against the baseness whereunto in this world the Saints seem to be subject , that are scoffed , that are despised : howsoever they appear here in mortal mans eye , yet notwithstanding in truth they are Heirs , they have an Inheritance . And as it doth administer to us matter of comfort , and a ground of holy boasting , and glorying in the Lord ; so it affordeth to us direction , to carry our selves as becometh Heirs : not to set our love too much upon this world , not to dote upon it ; but to be lofty minded , to have our heart and affection where our inheritance is , namely in Heaven , to wait with patience for it : Be followers of those ( saith the Apostle ) that through saith and patience inherit the promise . And likewise to make sure to our selves our inheritance ; look to our evidences ; Give all diligence ( saith the Apostle ) to make your calling and election sure . Do but make your Calling sure , that you are truly and effectually called , then it solloweth by just and necessary consequence , you were elected before the foundations of the world , and shall be saved . Many other Meditations do arise out of this right we have to that life which by Grace is conferred upon us . Consider we the extent hereof , Heirs together ; joynt-heirs : so as all of all sorts have a right to the life of Saints . I speak here of outward conditions , whether they be great or mean , rich or poor , free or bond ; whatsoever they be , they have all a right , they are joynt-heirs , they are heirs together . As it is with us in some places , there is a title of Gavil kind , that giveth a joynt-right to all the Sons that a man hath : and so for Daughters , all Daughters are co-heirs : so this tenour is ( as I may say ) Gavil kind , all have a right thereunto , no exception of any , because God is no respecter of persons . This ( my Brethren ) serveth as an admonition to those that are great , or may seem to be higher than others here in this world , if they be Saints , let them not despise others , who are Saints too , they are Co-heirs with them ; they are fellow-brethren , there is not an elder Brother among them , Christ only is the Elder Brother . There may some have a greater degree of glory ; there may some have greater evidences thereof in this world , and greater assurance , yet not withstanding they have all a right to the inheritance , they are all Co-heirs . And this again is another comfort to the meaner , and weaker sort : that howsoever there may be some difference in regard of outward condition here , yet notwithstanding in the greatest priviledge there is no difference at all : and therefore to conclude , concerning these , and other consolations ministred to you , I will use the Apostles words , Comfort your selves with these things , 1 Thes . 4.18 . And particularly concerning the Female Sex ( because the Apostle here applyeth it to them , and saith of them as well as of men , that they are Heirs , Co-heirs of the same inheritance ) this therefore is to be applyed to them , for when the Apostle makes distinction of outward conditions , in Gal. 3.28 . he putteth in this , Male and Female , and of these he saith , All are one in Christ , no difference : for the Female at first were made after the same Image that the Male were , He made them Male and Female in his own Image , Gen. 1.27 . Both sorts have the same Saviour , and are redeemed by the same price : A Woman said , My soul rejoyceth in God my Saviour , Luke 1.47 . they are both sanctified by the same Spirit : the Apostle saith , that when an unbelieving Husband is knit to a believing Wife , The Husband is sanctisied by the wise , as well as in the other case , the Wife is sanctified by the Husband . And this my brethren giveth a check , to the undue , the unjust consure , that many do give to this weaker vessel , that this Sex is ( as it were ) the imperfection of nature , and I know not what ; I will not stand upon it , as most unworthy the confutation . But for the Sex it self , it is a particular consolation against that matter of griese which it might conceive through Eves first sin , not only in sinning her self , but in taking Satans part to tempt her Husband , whereupon followed subjection to the Man , and likewise pain in travel , and bringing forth of children . But notwithstanding ( saith the Apostle of that Sex ) they shall be saved , if they continue in faith and charity , and holiness with sobriety . So that , you see they have a right too . And the truth is , that God hath graciously dealt with them in making them the means of bringing forth the principal ground of this right of the one , and of the other , which is the Lord of life , the Saviour of the world , who was born of a Woman . Now this Sex is to comfort themselves in this , that notwithstanding there be some differences in outward condition , yet they are made partakers of the greatest and best priviledge , alike joynt - heirs of the grace of God. I find but two things that in Scripture are exempted from that Sex , two priviledges , one to have jurisdiction over the Husband , another , publickly to teach in the Church of God : But yet notwithstanding , mark a kind of recompence made for this : The former is but particular between Husband and Wife : but in lieu therefore a Woman may reign over many men , yea , over Nations , Queens shall be thy nursing mothers , saith the Prophet Isaiah to the Church . And for the latter , to recompence that , they may be , and have been endued with the gift of prophesie : so that we see how God doth every manner of way incourage them . One word more concerning men , and so I will conclude this point . Namely admonition to them , answerably to respect the other Sex as those that are Co-heirs with them , and therefore while they live , according to their places , according to their gifts , according to the bond of relation that is between them to respect them : and to shew the same when they are dead by a decent comely Funeral , and maintaining their credit , and giving of them their due praises . Thus much for the Text. And now ( my brethren ) give me leave , I beseech you , to step a little further , and to speak a word concerning this object before me . Howsoever I am not over-forward at any time to speak much on such occasions ; yet at this time I suppose I should do much wrong to the party in concealing those things that are meet to be made known to the honour of that God who bestowed those excellent endowments upon her , and also injury to those that knew her . I do not fear to be accounted a flatterer by any that hear me , and if any else shall imagine any such thing , it may , it must needs be their envy , in that they censure what they know not . My fear is , lest those that did know her should think that wrong is done to her by that little that shall be spoken , for enough cannot be spoken of her . You see here a black Herse before you , a body in it deprived of life , and within these few dayes animated by a divine soul , now ( as we have just cause to believe ) glorified in heaven . The body of Mistris I. R. in regard of Marriage , being the Daughter of Master I. B. a Gentleman in C. It seemed that as God endowed her with excellent parts every way , so she had good education . She was married to Master I. R. a grave prudent man , that lived in the fore-named place , who had been twice Major there , and long continued Alderman , still relyed upon , when any matter of employment was to be performed , and therefore oft chosen to be a Burgess of the Parliament out of that Corporation . In the beginning of her marriage ( she attending to the Word as Lydia did ) God was pleased to open her heart , and that specially under the Ministry of a reverend Pastour now some years with God , faithful , painful , powerful in his place while he lived , who yet liveth in the many works he published in his life-time . I say by his Ministry being wrought upon , she wonderfully improved the grace that was so wrought in her ; and used all means for the growth thereof , by continual applying her self to the publick ministry of the Word , conscionably on the Lords day , frequently also on other dayes , both in that City , and in this also , whither she came often times upon sundry imployments , both while her Husband lived , and likewise since she hath been a Widdow , which hath been about the space of five years . Now I say as she did thus help on the growth of grace by this publick means , so also by private diligently reading the Word , not contenting her self with a coursory reading it over by task ( as some do ) but she had a Paper-book by her , and in reading would note down particular points , note specially duties that belonged to such , and such persons , to Magistrates , to Ministers , to Husbands , to Wives , to Masters , to Servants ; General duties that belonged to Christians , as they were Christians ; and that in such a manner , as if so be they had been the Common places of some young Divine . And here ( by the way ) let me tell you what my self have seen of an Alderman of this City some while dead , who left behind him Volumes of books written with his own hand : his manner was , first he would read , and after that he would walk up and down , and meditate upon what he read , and write down the sum and particulars of it as he conceived , by which means he made himself excellently skilful as in Divine , so in humane learning . Thus did this grave Matron , hereby she came to much knowledge : she gathered also many signs whereby she had evidence of the truth of grace , and there yet remain divers such heads noted by her with her own hand , signs of grace , signs of the truth of it , of the growth of it , of the effects of it , means to grow in grace , &c. An excellent course . Thus she shewed piety in reading of the word of God : the like she did in prayer , hearing others perform that duty in her Family , but specially ( when she was both husband and wife , both master and mistris , Death making a division between her dear Husband and her self ) she used to pray her self ; and those that heard her , and have given testimony thereof admired her gifts that way . Frequent she was ( as apeared in her often retiring her self to her Closet ) in her constant and secret devotion ; yea , also she took occasion of much fasting , specially when she heard of the troubles of the Church . The cause of the Church much affected her , either in matter of rejoycing , or griefe : she continued it till her dying-day , and still her heart was upon the peace of the Church , praying for it . As thus she exercised her self in this holy manner , so she did likewise wonderfully respect those that were the Ministers of God : Amongst many others , I have heard long ago that worthy Minister ( before mentioned from whom I have received most of what I have now related ) speak much of her , and of her worthy Husband in this respect : The feet of those that brought the glad-tydings of salvation were beautiful to her . And as she was careful to testifie her respect to them , so she her self gained no little recompence thereby , for she was still asking them questions , still desiring to have such and such doubts resolved by them . As thus her piety was manifested , so likewise was her Charity , constantly every week giving relief to the Poor ; ready upon all occasions that she was moved to , to open her hands , and to open them wide , and that again , and again , not wearied in doing good . Sober and grave she was in her carriage and attire , and therein a good example to the younger sort . And thus she continued even to her dying day ; full of sweet meditations upon her death-bed , my self partaked of some of them . Being asked what evidences she had for her salvation ? she answered , good : whether she doubted not ? she replyed no : though she were of a tender conscience , yet she had laid such a foundation , as her faith remained firm . She sweetly ended her dayes with prayers of her own ; with desire of the prayers of Ministers still as they came to her ; for as she hearkned to , and desired the benefit of their counsel when she lived , so she desired the comfort of their prayers now in her death : thus I say with a sound testimony of her faith , and of her good estate , she ended her dayes and we may be assured that she is in the Number of those that are Co-heirs of the grace of life . I remember the Philosophers make mention of a word which contains in it a kind of collection or combination of all in one . I may say of her that the graces , and vertues , and ornaments of others seemed to be gathered together , and to meet in her : And so her piety toward God resembleth her to the two pious Hanna's , the one the Mother of Samuel , the other the Daughter of Phanuel . Her charity resembleth her to Dorcas , her love to the Ministers of God , to the Shunamite that provided a Chamber , a Table , and a Candlestick for Elisha . In her relation to her Husband , she shewed her self a true Daughter of Sarah . In her relation to her children which she had , a Bathsheba and Eunice ; To others a Priscilla the Wife of Aquila , ready to instruct as occasion was offered . And so my bretheren she hath shewed her self a follower of those that through faith and patience inherit the Promise . It remaineth to us to set such examples before us , and to be followers of them , as they have been followers of others , and as others have been followers of Christ , that so walking in their steps , we may also be in the number of such as have the comfort of this Text , to be Co-heirs of the grace of life ; which that you may do , &c. PEACE IN DEATH : OR , THE QUIET END OF THE RIGHTEOUS . SERMON XXXIV . LUKE 2.29 . Lord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace , according to thy Word . IN the Text it self ( to let pass other things ) you have ; First , a Request : and secondly a Reason upon which the Request is grounded . Of each of these in order ; and first of the first ; The Request . The sum whereof is , That he may die . Whereof is considerable . First , the disposition of the servants of God , in respect of death , viz. 1. A desire and longing after it . 2. A care to be alwayes ready for it . Secondly , the warrant or guid of that desire , [ according to thy Word . ] Thirdly , the nature and quality of the death of the Righteous , [ a departure in peace . ] Of each of these apart . The point that ariseth from the first branch of the first general part , ( viz. the desire and longing of the Saints for their day of death ) is this ; that , The servants of God have in them a contented , comfortable , and willing expectation of death . The rise of this Observation is obvious enough : one spirit works in all Gods servants , and brings forth like effects , though not alwayes in the same measure , that therefore which is true in Simeon ( which the very first view of the words import ) that the coming of Death was expected , and desired by him , is in some degree verified sooner or later in all that are the Lords . Hereunto agrees that of Saint Paul ; I desire ( faith he ) to be dissolved , &c. And he averrs the same of all true beleevers , viz. that they groan earnestly , desiring to be cloathed upon with their house which is from Heaven , and that they are willing rather to be absent from the body , and to be present with the Lord , 2 Cor. 5.8 , &c. The foundation of this desire , is the knowledg and right understanding of the truth of that speech of Solomon , to wit , that the day of death is better , then the day of a mans birth . They have learned to know that the day of death to Gods servants , is the day of freedome from all miseries , and of entrance into eternal happiness . The miseries of this life which even the best are subject unto , are many , Loss of goods , loss of credit , loss of friends , aches , pains , diseases , severs , consumptions , &c. bondage under original corruption , and the fruits thereof , as unbelief , pride of heart , ignorance , covetousness , distrustfulness , hatred , lust , &c. the buffetings and temtations of Satan , society with the wicked : all these miseries , even the Holiest and dearest servants of God are exercised with , and divers of these do make them many times mourn exceedingly , and to cry one while , O wretched man that I am ; and to groan out another while Woe is me that I am constrained to live in Mesech , and to have my habitation in the tents of Kedar : of all these miseries Death is the end to Gods servants . And so also it is an entrance into happiness : for albeit their bodies rot in the Grave , and be laid up in the Earth , as in Gods store-house untill the last day , yet the soul forthwith even in an instant , comes into the presence of the ever-living God , of Christ , and of all the Angels , and Saints in Heaven , the spirits of just men made perfect , to Abrahams bosome , to be with Christ . Et quanta 〈◊〉 felicitas ? What greater happiness ? It was much that Moses obtained to see the back-parts of God , but how much greater favour is it to see him face to face , to have eternal fellowship with God the father , with Christ the Redeemer , with the Holy Ghost the sanctifier ? The knowledg of this benefit of Death , makes the face of it comfortable to Gods servants , and causes them to strive with their own natural weakness , that so they may even long for their day of dissolution . But now against this point divers Objections may be alledged . For first , the Apostle Paul sayes , that Death is the wages of sin . And else-where he stiles it Christs enemy , the last enemy that he shall subdue is Death . How should not death then be rather a day of misery to be trembled at , then a day of happiness to be longed for ? To this I answer , that we are to distinguish touching Death , for it must be considered two wayes ; First , as it is in its owe nature : Secondly , as it is altred by Christ : in the first sence it is true , that Death is the wages of sin , and the very suburbs and the gates of hell . But in the second taking of Death , it ceases to be a plague , and becomes a blessing , inasmuch as it is even a door opening out of this world into Heaven . Now the godly look not upon Death simply , but upon Death whose sting and venome is plucked out by Jesus Christ , and so it is exceeding comfortable . But then secondly it is objected , that we read of many that have prayed against death ; as namely , first David , Return ; O Lord , faith he , and deliver my soul ; oh spare me for thy mercies sake , for in death there is no remembrance of thee . Secondly , Hezekiah when the message of death was brought to him . Thirdly , Christ himself ; Father , if it be possible , let this cup pass from me . To all these I answer , first touching David , that when he composed that sixt Psalm , he was not only grievously sick , but also exceedingly tormented in mind , for he wrastled and combated in his conscience with the wrath of God , as appears by the first Verse of that Psalm , therefore we must know , that he prayed not simply against Death , but against death at that time , in asmuch as the coming of it was accompanied with extraordinary apprehensions of Gods wrath ; for at another time he tells us that he would not fear , though he walked through the valley of the shaddow of Death . And the like I say touching Hezekiah , that his prayer proceeded not from any desperate fear of Death , but first that he might do more service to God in his Kingdom . And with such a kind of thought was Saint Pauls desire of dissolution mingled . Secondly , he prayed against Death then , because he knew that his death then would be a great cause of rejoycing to evil men , to whom his reformation in the State was unpleasing . Thirdly , because he wanted issue , God had promised before to David , that there should not fail a man of his seed to sit upon the throne of Israel , so that his children did take heed to their wayes . Now , it was a great discomfort to him to die chidless , for then he , and others might have thought , that he was but an Hypocrite , in as much as God had promised issue to all those Kings that feared him , and for this cause God heard his prayer , and after two years gave him a son , Manasseh by name . And so I say the same touching our Saviour Christ , that he prayed not against Death , as it is the separation betwixt Body and Soul ; as appears by what the Apostle faith , that he was heard , in that he feared , for he stood in our room , and became a Curse for us , it was the Curse of the Law which went with Death , and the unspeakable wrath and indignation of God which he feared , and from this according to his prayer , he was delivered . But thirdly we see in most good men a fear of Death , and a desire of life , and I my self ( may some godly man say ) do feel my self ready to tremble at the meditation thereof , and yet I hope I belong unto God. I answer , that there are two things to be considered in every Christian , Flesh , and Spirit ; Corruption , and Grace ; and the best have many inward perplexities at times , and doubtings of Gods favour : Now it is a truth which our Saviour delivers , that , the spirit is willing , but the flesh is weak . And as in all other good purposes there is a combate betwixt the flesh , and the spirit ; so is there in this , betwixt the fear of Death , and the desire of Death ; sometime the one prevails , and sometimes the other , but yet alwayes at last the desire of Death doth get the victory . Carnal respects do often prevail far with the best , care of wise , children , and the like . These are their infirmities , but as other infirmities die in them by degrees , so these also at last are subdued , and the servants of God seeing clearly the happiness into which their Death in Christ shall enter them , do even sigh , desiring to be clothed upon with their house which is from Heaven . Here then is a good Mark by which we may know our selves to be Gods servants , viz. by the state of our thoughts and meditations touching Death . I will so deliver it , as may be most for the comfort of those that truly fear God. I demand therefore of thee : Dost thou know that the confident and comfortable expectation of Death is the work of the Holy Ghost in Gods servants ? Dost thou desire unfeignedly , that the same may be wrought in thy heart ? Dost thou labour to know what happiness comes by Death to those that feare the Lord ? Dost thou grieve at thine own weakness , to whom the thought of Death is sometime troublesome and unsavory ? Dost thou pray the Lord so to assure thee of his favour in Christ , that death may be desired before it comes , and welcome when it is come ? Dost thou when thou hearest this speech of Simeon , wish that thou wert able to use the like words , with the like resolution ? Surely , these things shew that thou art Gods servant , and that by Death the Lord will draw thee to a place of rest . If these thoughts which I have now named be strangers to thy heart , and thou dost not love to trouble thy self to study about Death , it is an evil sign . The servants of God are not wont to be so secure in matters of this quality . And thus much for the first particular , in the first general part . the desire in the godly of death : the second is their care for it : the point thence is , that . It is the care of Gods servants to be alwayes so prepared for death , as at what instant soever the Lord shall send it , they may be comfortably ready to entertain it . So much may easily be gathered out of Simeons words here ( Nunc dimittis . ) Now let thy servant depart . He did not ( as it were ) take a day over , in which , and against which to be provided , as though he should have said , Lord , now will I settle my self to make provision for my last end , but even now , Lord , at this very instant , if thou wilt ; Death hath been my ordinary meditation , and if thou wilt now call me home to thee , I am ready to depart . As in the former point I shewed you how Saint Pauls longing agreed with Simeons , Oh let thy servant depart , faith Simeon ; I desire to be dissolved ( faith Paul. ) So here I will shew you , that there was the same care in respect of Death , in Saint Paul , as in Simeon . Now , if thou wilt ; ( faith Simeon ; ) I am now ready to be offered ( faith Saint Paul. ) And else-where , I did daily . I am ever thinking upon death , and daily making provision for my end . This was holy Jobs mind ; All the dayes of my appointed time will I wait till my change come ; there was a continual expectation . So teach us to number our dayes , prayeth Moses , that we way apply our hearts to wisdome . And what wisdome did he wish , he might apply his heart unto ? but this , a holy care to make provision for another world , seeing in this there was no continuance ? The same in effect , the Authour to the Hebrews professeth touching himself , and those that were like to him ; that they had here no continuing City , but did seek one to come . We know ( faith he ) here is no abiding , we dwell in tents which must remove , in houses of clay , which will be broken , therefore we desire to be ever ready for that place , which is of more perpetuity : And so much may be gathered from that which is upon record concerning Joseph of Arimathca , he did not only make ready his Tomb in his life-time , but in his garden , his place of solace and delight : and how could so good a man , so often think on death , without labouring and caring to be ever provided for the same ; and therefore our Saviour Christ compares his faithful servants unto those which daily wait for their Masters coming . Now the reason which so much prevails with the godly in this particular , and which ought to be of sufficient force with every one ; is first , the certainty , and uncertainy of death . Morte nihil certius , As sure as Death , is an ordinary Proverb ; What man is he that liveth , and shall not see death ? ( faith the Psalmist . ) That all must die , it is Heavens decree , and cannot be revoked . The thing it self , we see is most certain : yet for some circumstances most uncertain : for first Tempus est incertum , No man knows when he shall die , in the night , or in the day ; in Winter , or in Summer ; in youth , or in his latter age . Secondly , Locus est incertus , None know where they shall die , whether at home , or abroad ; in his bed , or in the field ; who knows but that he may die in the Church of God , even while he is asleep at the Word ? Thirdly , Mortis genusest incertum : No man can determine how he shall die , whether suddenly , or by a lingring sickness ; whether violently , or by a natural course . These things the servants of God know full well , and seriously weigh the same , and that makes them to make conscience of continual preparation , that whensoever , or wheresoever , or howsoever they die , they may with comfort commend their souls into the hands of God , as into the hand of a faithful Creatour . Secondly , they know the misery of being taken by Death unprepared : put case a man should die as Ishbosheth , lying upon his bed at noon ; or as Jobs children , while they are seasting ; or that a man like the rich man in the Gospel , should have his breath taken from him at the very instant , having made no provision for another world , what hope can there be that such a one should be saved ? They know thirdly , that the time of sickness is the most unfit time for this business of preparation : the senses are then so taken up with the pain of sickness , that a man cannot think seriously upon ought else ; and besides , it is not in our own power to turn to God when he will : ordinarily God forgets those in sickness , that forget him in health : And it is commonly seen , that that preparation for Death that begins but in sickness , is as languishing and faint , as is the party from whom it comes ; And although Vera poenitentia be nunquam sera , yet sera poenitentia est raro vera . Though I say , true repentance be never too late , yet late repentance is seldome true ; when men leave their sins , because they can continue to practise them no longer , what thanks have they , or what can that repentance be ? These things work with Gods servants , to study to be ever ready for the Lord , not to delay preparation , but to seek continually to be provided . My exhortation hence shall begin with that speech of Moses , Oh that men would be wise to understand this , and that they would consider their latter end . I would there were a heart in us to entertain this doctrine in our best thoughts . I remember the Complaint of old , that men had made a Covenant with Death , and were at agreement with Hell. Death indeed will make truce with no man ; but here is the meaning , Evil men perswade themselves , that they are in no danger of hell , or of the grave . Death will not come yet thinketh the oldest man : and when it comes , I hope I shall do well enough , thinketh the most godless man. Thus men couzen themselves with their own fancies , and so Death steals upon them at unawares , and becomes Gods Sergeant to arrest them , and to carry them away to eternal condemnation . Who amongst us is able to say truly , and upon good ground , as Simeon , Now Lord , if thou wilt now command Death to seize upon me , welcome shall it be unto me , I am even now ready to receive it ? How many are there that are extraordinary ignorant in the means how to escape the sting of Death ? How many extreamly secure , that never in their lives , yet thought earnestly upon this , how they may die with comfort , and end their dayes in peace ? How many prophane ones , that set light by Death , being apt to say like those Epicures , Edamus , &c. Let us eat and drink , for to morrow we shall die ? How many that do put all to a desperate adventure , God made us , and he must save us , and we shall do as well as please God , and there is an end ? How many are there , whose hearts , albeit they be in the house of God , and in his presence , are notwithstanding fraughted with malice , with envy , with worldliness , with disdain , with secret scorning , repining at the Word which they hear with wearisomeness , with spiritual sleepiness and security ? You that are such as I have now said , think in your consciences , what , would you die ? if God should now stop your breath , and ascite you by Death presently , to appear before his Majesty , being thus full of ignorance , of security , of presumption , of unsanctified , of vicious , of malicious , of covetous thoughts , could you find in your hearts to say , Lord , now let us depart ? Sure we could not : but Death must needs be to us , as it is said to be to the wicked , Rex terrorum , the King of terrours ; if it should come upon us , and find us in this case ; And yet what know we how soon , how suddenly we may be overtaken ? some of us drop away daily , some young , some old , some lie sick longer , some lesser time ; and how soon it will be our turn we cannot tell ; Our hreath is in our nostrills , we are all as grass ; If the breath of the Lord blow upon us , we do suddenly wither , as the slower of the field , and return again to our first Earth . Why will we not labour to be now ready , sith it may be alwayes truly said , We may now depart , either while we are here , or in our way home , or in our beds , or at our meat ? Who can truly say to himself ; I am sure , I shall not die this hour ? It may be now thou wilt demand of me , What shall I do , that I may be ready ? To insist upon particulars , would be too long , onely therefore in a word ; The best preparation for death , is a reformed life . He that lives religiously , cannot but die preparedly : And it is a thousand to one , if a wicked liver make a gracious end . The Scripture makes mention of a double Death , and so likewise of a twofold Resurrection : the first Death , is the death of the body , which is the separation of it from the soul . The second death , is of the soul , which is the separation of it from God. The first Resurrection , is the rising from the Death of sin to a new life : the second is that which shall be of the body out of the Grave , at the day of Judgment . Now what faith the Scripture ; Blessed and holy is he , that hath part in the first Resurrection , on such the second Death hath no power . Wouldest thou then be freed from the second Death , hell , & destruction , when thou art dead ? Now that thou art yet alive labour to have a part in the first Resurrection : Note what Saint Paul faith of the wanton widdow , that she is dead whilst she lives . So he that lives in the pleasures of sin , and in the wayes of his own heart , and after his own lust , he is dead in soul , though he be alive in body , and if he seek not to come out of this grave , eternal death shall be his portion . Well then , wouldest thou prepare for Death ? wouldest thou be able alwayes to say , Lord , now , now I am ready , labour to know God out of his Word ( that is eternal life ; ) Labour to feel Christ live and raign in thee by his Spirit , labour to renounce every sin , do not go on in any known sin against conscience , renew thy repentance daily , and still survey the state of thy soul , that wickedness may not get dominion over thee . Let Death come when it will , though the Lord should so visit thee , that thou shouldest drop down suddenly , yet it shall not find thee unprepared , thou hast a part in the first Resurrection , there is no fear of the second Death : But if thou wilt cherish thy heart in evil , thou wilt go on in thy ignorance , in thy careless worship of God ; in thy prophaning the Sabbath , in thy whoredom , oppression , malice , drunkenness , excess , voluptuousness , thou makest ready for hell , and it is not thy , Lord save me , or , I cry God mercy , &c. that shall serve thy turn . I will tell thee who thou art like unto , even to a man appointed after a year or two , to be burned , and in the mean space must carry a stick daily to the heap , so thou heapest up wrath against thy self , and makest thy score so great , that when Death comes , thou shalt not know how to be prepared . And thus have I finished the first general part of my Text , touching the disposition of the godly in respect of Death . I proceed now in a word to the second , the ground , rule , or warrant of this desire , and preparation for death , ( according to the word ) as if Simeon had said , this desire that I have now to end my dayes , proceeds not from any carnal discontentment , because I am now old , and can take no great comfort in worldly things , but the ground of it is , thy word and Promise ; thou , Lord , hast revealed unto thy servant , that I should not die before I had seen my Saviour ; This word is now fulfilled , and the sweetness thereof hath given me that encouragement , that I do even long to be dissolved , and to be united unto thee . Or again thus , Oh Lord , this care that I have had to provide thus for Death , and to be alwayes in a readiness , it hath not come from my self , nature never taught it me , but thy Word hath instructed me ; If I had not proceeded according to thy Word , I should never have known how to have prepared my self to the time of dissolution . This is the meaning of the words , and so the Doctrine is plain ; ( viz. ) that , Men ignorant in Gods word can never take comfort in death , nor be truly prepared to undergo it . This is plain , if we consider the Exposition which I have already given of that part of Simeons speech . It is a general Rule , that of our Saviour , Ye err not knowing the Scripture . A man ignorant in the Scripture , can never rightly perform any spiritual duty . Hence was that of David , Thy testimonies ( faith he ) are my delight , and my counsellors . If any matter came in hand that concerned his soul , straight to the word of God went he , to know thence how to do it ; as a man for his Lease , or conveyance goeth to a Counsellor for direction : So again he confesses , that if Gods Law had not been his delight , he should have perished in his afflictions . And so , no comfort , no true quiet in any trouble , much more at Death , without the guidance , and information of the Word . The assurance that the sting of Death is plucked out , that Gods wrath is appeased , that sin is pardoned , that Heaven gate is opened ; whence shall we fetch these , but from the Scripture ? the directions for a holy life , which is the best preparation for Death ; where shall we find them , but in the Scripture ? Here then we see is a Caveat to all that have no will , nor desire to be acquainted with the Scripture : Divers think they should have done well enough , though we had no such Book as we call the word of God. To be a Scripture-man is a by-word , a reproach , a matter of disgrace ; and sooner will men listen to some idle Pamphlet , then to a matter of Scripture . Well , beguile not your souls , with these vain conceits , with your Popish and carnal imaginations . I say , and testifie from this place , that that man or woman , which careth not to be taught out of Gods book , cannot die like a Christian : Who can teach thee the way to die well , but God ? And where doth God teach , but in the Scripture ? If our thoughts of Death , if our provision , and preparation for Death be not warranted , and guided by Gods word , it is all in vain . Lord , faith Simeon , my desire of dissolution is according to thy Word ; my care to be prepared , hath been ordered by thy Word ; he cannot die with comfort , that cannot make the like profession . And this may serve for the next general part , the ground of this desire , and preparation for Death , it is Gods word ; Lord , now lettest thou thy servant depart according to thy Word . The third and last part follows , the nature and quality of the death of the Righteous , ( A departure in peace , or a peaceable dismission . ) Here are two things , first a dismission : secondly , a dismission accompauied with peace . The word ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) translated ( Let thy servant depart , ) may well be Englished thus , let thy servant loose ; Lord free me , enlarge me , set me at liberty . Hence we learn ; that , The servants of God do by Death receive a final discarge from all manner of misery . This is evident out of the force of the phrase here used : Simeon knew that so long as he lived , his soul was ( as it were ) imprisoned in his body , and in it he was held in bondage under the remnants of Original corruption , subject to the assaults and temptation of Satan , in continual and daily possibility to trespass and sin against Cod , beside other afflictions and grievances in the body and estate : but he had withal this knowledge and understanding of the nature of Death , that it was an enlargement to the soul , and a freeing of it utterly and finally from all those , and the like incumbrances . The same may be gathered from the phrase used by Saint Raul , I desire ( faith he ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to be dissolved , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , read the time of my departure ; the words shew that there coms a liberty by death to the souls of Gods servants . The phrase that Saint Peter useth , is worthy our observation for this purpose . First , he terms death , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the laying down of a burden , and by that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the laying down of a burden , and by that means the soul is lightned and eased . Secondly , he terms it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a going out from a place and condition of hardship . The second book of Moses which relates the dyparture of the Israelites out of Egyptian bondage hath the same name Exodus . As for the point it self , namely , that the death of the Righteous , is to them a discharge from all misery , the Scripture bears witness to it : Blessed ( said he ) are the dead , which die in the Lord , even so faith the spirit , that they may rest from their labours . As long as they live here , they are diversly troubled , when they die their labours are at an end , and they are received into rest , Saint John tels us , that in his vision he saw , the souls of them that were slain , lye under the Alter . Now the Alter in the time of the law was a place of resuge and safety , and thence it appears , that by death the servants of God are est-soons received into a place of holy security , where there is no expectation of any further misery . They are said to be received , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , into Abrahams bosome , into the fellowship of the same happiness with Abraham , the Father of all true believers . The Doctrine in the first place makes against those of the Church of Rome , which maintain a place of torment , even for the servants of God after this life , where they must be tryed for a time , before they can enter into Rest , and happiness . This place they term Purgatory , the torment here they hold to be unspeakable , & far surpassing any torment which the wit of man is able to devise . But this place among others is sufficient to overthrow this dotage , for how were death to the Righteous a dismission , a loosing , a freedom from misery , if there followed after it a torment of far greater extremity then at any time before was ever tasted of ? So that the death of the servants of God being ( as I have proved it to be ) an enlargment from misery , certainly the soul is not bound in any new Prison , whence it must expect , and wait , and pray for a second dismission . In the next place , this Doctrine makes much for the comfort of Gods servants : the face of Death to the wicked is very dreadful , the day of it is to them the beginning of sorrows , their souls are instantly arrested by the damned spirits , and kept in everlasting chains of darkness : but to those that are the servants of God it is otherwise I may by way of allusion to the phrase of my Text , compare their day unto that which happened unto Joseph , in which he was brought out of prison to be Ruler over all the land of Egypt . So is their death unto them a day of Bailment out of prison , a day in which all tears shall be wiped away ; In which they shall have beauty for ashes , and the oyl of gladness , for the spirit of heaviness ; and the long white robes of Christs Rightcousness , by which they shall be presented blameless unto God. That day shall be to them , even as was the day of escape to the Jewes , a feast and a good day in which they shall see God as he is , and know him , as they are known of him . But happily thou maist say , how shall I know that the day of Death , is the day of dissolution , and this kind of dismission ? A very necessary quaere indeed this is : for every man almost is ready to challenge to himself a part of this happiness , and it is a matter presumed upon by many , which shall never enjoy it . I will therefore give you one certain mark , by which we may know assuredly , that the day of our death shall be to us , a day of enlargment , and of final discharge from all , both former and following miseries , and that is this ; if in the time of our life here , our being subject to corruption , and sin , hath seemed unto us the greatest burden , and bondage . They which have groaned and mourned under their own natural corruptions , as it were under some heavy and tyrannous yoak , or as the Israelites mourned under their Egyptian Task-masters , to them only shall the day of death , be a day of freedome . If sin be not a burden to thee ; if thou dost not many times lament , and even mourn to think how thou art carried captive unto evil ; if thou dost not with griese feel how thou art clogged with corruption , and hindred by it from doing the good which thou shouldest , certainly death will be to thee the biginning of thy thraldome , and after it thou shalt be a perpetual bondslave unto Satan in the kingdome of etetnal darkness . Mark this all ye that take delight in evil , to whom it is a pastime to do wickedly , and who seek rather how to satisfie , then how to suppress your own corruptions , who repute it a kind of happiness to follow the swing of your own lusts , and to have liberty to do as your own hearts do lead you ; when you die , this shall be your reward , even a most miserable and endless captivity under Satan , him have you served in the lusts of sin while ye lived , his slaves shall you be without hope of releasement , world without end . This is the right Application of this Doctrine , death is a day of enlargement to the godly , it is a dismission . The next particular is , that it is a dismission accompanied with peace , the lesson we are taught hence is ; that , The servants of God have at their going out of the word , a comfortable , quiet , and peaceable departure . Thus Simeon here , he prayed for no other thing , but that his end might be as the end of the Righteous is ever wont to be , even a departure hence in peace . Hence is that general rule of the Psalmist , Mark the perfect man , and behold the upright man , for the end of that man is peace . Agreeable whereunto is that of Solomon ; that , the righteous hath hope in his death . And memorable to this purpose is that which is storied of old father Jacob , shewing unto us the quiet end of the Righteous , He gathered up his feet into the bed , and so gave up the Ghost . It was the blessing promised to Abraham , that he should go to his fathers in peace . And the same was made to good Josias . There is a twofold reason hereof . First , the assurance which they have of the favour of God in Christ . This must needs breed quietness , when I am perswaded in my soul and conscience , that all cause of danger after death is removed , and that God is , and will be , gracious unto me in his Son. What cause of fear is here lest , what occasion of perplexity ? If any man shall doubt whether the servants of God have this assurance ; I prove it thus , that all of them first or last , have it in some good measure . If any man ( faith the Apostle ) have not the Spirit of Christ , he is none of his . Hence it necessarily followes , that all that are Christs , have the Spirit of Christ , but now the office of the Spirit is to bear witness with our spirit ; So that all that are the Lords , as they are endued with Gods Spirit , so they feel this Spirit bearing witness to their souls of this Adoption . Secondly , the comfortable Testimony of their own consciences touching their former care to glorisie God by a Religious and godly conversation : Hence came Saint Pauls peace , I have , saith he , fought the good fight , I have kept the faith , Therefore I am sure there is laid up for me a Crown of life . Hence Hezekiahs , I have walked before thee , oh Lord , in truth , and with a perfect heart . Not that they do ground their hope upon the desert of their fore-ran courses , but because they know good works to be the way , and do understand by the Scripture , that a holy life here , is the first fruits of a glorified life hereafter . Thus we see the truth of this point , and the reasons upon which it is grounded . Now here some may object ; first , We see many worthy men , that have made a great , and an extrordinary profession of Religion in their lives , and which have also carried themselves unblamable , yet to give appearance of much anguish and perplexity , and even of a kind of despair in their death . How can we say then , that all good and holy persons have a peaceable departure ? I answer first , We ought to remember the Rule our Saviour gives , not to judge according to the outward appearance . It is a very weak argument to say , that this , or that man dyeth without peace , because to the standers by he makes not shew of peace . Certaine it is , that as a man may have peace with God , and yet himself for a time , by reason of some tentation not feel it ; so a man being sick , or going out of the world may feel it , and yet others that behold him cannot perceive it . Secondly , we must know that these outward unquietnesses , which do many times accompany sickness , do happen as well , and as ordinarily to good men , as to the most wicked , such as are ravings , and idle-talkings , and strange accidents in the body ; in this sence all things come alike to all . God hath made no promise in Scripture , that those that serve him shall be freed in their deaths from violent sicknesses . Therefore these things must not be thought to be any abridgment of their peace . Thirdly , we must consider , that with the best servants of God , Satan is most busie , when his end is neerest , and when he is ( as it were ) out of all hope of prevailing . The red Dragon in the Revelation , had greatest wrath when he knew his time to be short . When the evil Spirit was commanded once to come out of the child , then it rent him sore . Now these temptations , though for the time they be very violent and extream ; so that the party may ( happily ) utter out some words , and speeches of dispair , yet be they no final prejudice to the inward peace . Interrupt they may , but utterly quench it they cannot , because the power of God is made perfect through weakness . And so even in death , Satan receives the greatest foil , when he thinks to get the greatest victory . Thus then I answer in one word ; The peace of Gods servants at death is not ever in the like measure felt by them , but yet it never dieth in them : they which behold their death do not alwayes see it , yet they themselves , sooner or later are sure sweetly and secretly to feel the same . My reason for my assertion is grounded , first upon that of the Apostle ; God commands light to shine out of darkness : He brings his servants to Heaven by the gates of hell , out of sorrow and anguish , and tentation , he raiseth out their greatest quiet . Secondly , because the love of God is eternal and unchangeable . Whom he loves , he loves to the end . It is impossible that the Lord , albeit he try , and that sharply , yer should finally for sake those that are his in their greatest extremity . But again secondly , if you make a peaceable death to be the reward of the Righteous , what say you to this ? There be many that in all their life gave little evidence of any Religion , or grace , but of the contrary rather , yet in their death were very quiet and still , and seemed to all that were by , to have in them no manner of vexation , no troublesome thoughts , no perplexed motions ; shall we say that these were good men , because they seem to go away in peace . It is true indeed , it is the common opinion , Doth a man lye quietly ? hath he his memory to the end ? died he like a Lamb ? surely then he is gone to heaven : but this is an absurd collection ; for , First , sometime this outward calmness is an ordinary consequent of some diseases , as Consumptions , and such like , by which Nature being formerly weakned , hath not power left to make resistance . Secondly , this outward calmness is no argument of a peaceable and quiet soul . The Psalmist tells us of the wicked in whose death there are no bands . Thirdly , we must distinguish between security and peace , betwixt carnal senssesness , and true spiritual quietness . Nabals death was quiet enough , yet he were but a fool that would adventure his soul with Nabals . I see many ignorant persons , many of heathenish , and brutish comversation , very quiet in sickness , without any fear of hell , and judgment to come , making no doubts , casting no perils , asking no questions , complaining of no sins , and so away they go without any more adoe . What , shall I say that these died in true peace ? God forbid . No , when I compare together their ignorant , secure , benummed , hardned kind of life , with their sensless and drowsie kind of death , I must say , that these are fearful signs , these things argue that the Devil had quiet possession , where he made so small a doe . Thus then notwithstanding these Objections I will conclude , that a peaceful death , is the peculiar and individed priviledge of Gods servants . However it be , yet I know ( saith Solomon ) that it shall go well with those that fear the Lord , but there is no peace to the wicked saith my God. We may make Use of this first to be a trial betwixt our Religion and the Romish : for from this Doctrine I avouch that Religion to be no true Religion : because a Papist by the Rules of his own Religion can never die in peace : This is a hard saying , thou maist object , or how can I make it good ? I answer by two reasons . First , every Papist is taught to beleeve under pain of Anathema , and the great curse , that whosoever dieth , if he have not in this life attained to perfection , and throughly purged himself from the remainders of sin by works of satisfaction , his soul must after-death go into Purgatory , and there continue untill he hath made a full satisfaction : now the pain of Purgatory is held for the time to be as great as the pains of hell , differing only in this , that it is not perpetual : Now I would fain know , how can a man die comfortably and in peace , and with a joyful heart , when he thinks with himself , that albeit ( perhaps ) after some years he shall go to heaven , yet in the mean space his soul must go into such a place of unspeakable torment , where if the matter be not well plyed by the prayers of them that are alive , and by well seeing the Priests , they may hap to lie for many years ? I say , how can the Doctrine of Popery beget a peaceful death , when it teacheth an expectation of such an hellish Purgatory , Secondly , every Papist as he is bound of a certain to beleeve a Purgatory , so further must he beleeve , that he cannot in this life be assured of salvation , otherwise then by a kind of confused hope , which may deceive him . Now he which by the witness of his own conscience is sure that he hath deserved hell , and cannot attain to any certainty of discharge , what comfort can such an one have to die ? he knows that when he is dead , he must come to his account before God , but yet can have no assurance that the Lord will acquit him in Christ Jesus . I wish that this may seriously be considered by us , for the establishing of us in the truth of Religion : I say again and testifie , these reasons which I have alledged being weighed , that a Rapist by his own doctrine can never expect that which Simeon did , a departure hence in peace : He knows he must to torment , he is caught that he cannot know in this world that God will pardon him . In the next place let us come neerer home to our selves : that we must all die , nothing more certaine , Dust thou art , and to dust thoushalt return . God hath decreed it , and it cannot be revoked : if our end be not peaceable , our estate after cannot be happy . Let our care then be spent about this one point , how one may attain to this , to end our dayes in peace : I doubt not but we will all be ready to say , we hope so to do : but this is nothing , for when the wicked man dieth , his expectation perisheth . What becomes of the hope of the Hypocrite ( said Job ) when God takes away his soul ? But what course then shall we take , that we may finish our course with joy ? I will tell thee in few words , ( I touched it a little before ) the best means for a peaceable departure , is a godly and religious life : I have fought the good fight , saith Saint Paul , and he could comfortably from thence infer , that therefore there was laid up , for him a crown of righteousness . It was Christs own inference , I have glorified thee on earth , I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do , and therefore now , O Father , glorifie thou me with thine own self . The reason of it is first Gods promise : blessed shall be the undefiled in the way : Those that honour me , I will honour , said God. Now this promise God will not break . He that goeth this way , though it be with much weakness , with many falls , with sundry imperfections , with divers wandrings , yet he cannot miss of the promised peace . Secondly , life eternal hath three degrees , the first is in this life , when a man repenteth , and beleeveth , and is purged from dead works , to serve the living God ; The second is in death , when the body goes to earth , and the spirit returns to him that gave it . The third is at the last judgment : These three degrees hang together like three links , the second followeth the first , and the third the two former ; the last cannot be hoped for , where the first is wanting : for except ye repent , ye shall all perish . The first being obtained , the last must needs ensue : for he is faithful that hath promised . So then , wouldest thou have peace in death ? labour for grace in thy life ; wouldest thou end thy dayes happily ? make conscience to spend them holily . A godlesse man that lives in sin , may die senslesly , or sullenly , he cannot die peaceably . Oh consider this all ye that forget God , that spend your dayes in vanity , and your years according to the lusts of your own heart , that have hitherto hated to be reformed , and will not be reclaimed from your former fashions , but live yet still , as you were wont to do . Think a little with me of your last end , which how neer it is you do not know ; when your consciences a little awaked , shall make report of your life past , how in matters of God you have been ignorant , superstitious , careless , neglecting his worship , despising his Word , blaspheming his Name , mispending his Sabbaths , in dealing with men you have been cruel , false , unmerciful , oppressing ; in the usage of your own bodies unchast , vicious , lustful , proud , wanton , wallowing in excess ; what peace can your souls have , when these things be thought upon ? what calmness of spirit ? what hope of entring into rest ? how can you think that the end can be comfortable , when the life hath been abominable . What answer made Jehu to Joram , when he demanded , Is it peace Jehu ? What peace ( said he ) so long as the whoredomes of thy mother Jezabel , and her witchcrafts are so many ? So when Death comes like Jehu marching furiously against you , and you enquire of him , whether he comes with peace or no , he will answer what peace , when your whoredoms , and your gross and crying sins are yet in great number ? What peace , when these make a partition betwixt your souls and the Lord ? Certainly there can be no peace , but a fearful expectation of judgement , and violent fire to devour . Suffer me then to conclude this exhortation , as Daniel did his speech to Nebuchadnezzar ; O King , break off thy sins by righteousness , and thine iniquities by shewing mercy to the poor . So say I , break off your sins by repentance , your ignorance by seeking after knowledge ; your contempt of Gods word by a reverent yeelding to it ; your security by a standing in awe of God ; your neglecting the exercises of Religion by careful using of them ; your whoredom by chastity ; your drunkenness by sobriety ; your malice by charity ; your oppression by mercy ; your falshood by fidelity ; this is the way that will bring peace at the last ; thus , and thus only you may find rest for your souls . THE VITALL FOUNTAIN : OR , LIFES ORIGINAL . SERMON XXXV . JOHN 11.25 , 26. I am the Resurrection , and the Life ; he that believeth in me , though he were dead , yet shall he live : and whosoever liveth , and believeth in me , shall never die . THese Words that I have read to you , they are part of the conference between Martha , and Christ , when Christ was coming to Bethany to awake Lazarus from the sleep of death . The conference is laid down from the beginning of the 21. Verse , to the end of the 27. and Martha meeting with Christ , begins the conference , as we may see , verse 21 , 22. Then said Martha to Jesus , Lord if thou haddest been here my brother had not died : but I know that even now whatsoever thou wilt ask of God , God will give it thee . Here Martha manifests her affection to her dead brother , and her faith in her living Master : she manifests the strength of her natural affection , and the weakness and imperfection of her faith . The strength of her natural affection , appears in this , that she was perswaded if Christ had been there present , her brother Lazarus had not died , he would not have suffered Lazarus to have dyed : which for ought we know is more then she had sufficient ground for . Then the weakness and imperfection of her faith appears in this , that she rested too much upon the corporal presence of Christ , that she ascribed no more power to Christ , then that by his prayer he could attain at Gods hands as much as ever any holy man did ; namely , the life of her brother . I know , saith she , that ever now whatsoever thou askest , God will give it ; Whereas Christ being true God , was able to work any miracle by his own power . Now the answer of Christ is laid down verse 23. Jesus said unto her , thy brother shall rise again . Christ , to comfort Martha , passeth by her infirmity , and promiseth to her , that he will restore her brother to life again , that she shall enjoy her brother again : but this promise is only laid down in general and indifinite termes ; Thy brother shall rise again . Christ doth not say expresly , I will raise up thy brother to life , but he speaks only in general terms , Thy brother shall rise again : which we are to ascribe to the modesty , and humility , that alwayes may be observed in the speeches of Christ ; Thy brother shall rise again . Then we have the reply of Martha , laid down in verse 24. Martha said unto him , I know he shall rise again in the Resurrection , at the last day , Martha was not satisfied with this promise of Christ : for it seems she durst not take it in the full extent of it , therefore she replies , that as for the last Resurrection she knew indeed , that her brother , and all others that were dead , should then rise again , this did comfort her : but for any other matter of comfort she could not gather any from the answer of Christ , and his promise : therefore Christ replies again in the words of my Text , And Jefus said unto her , I am the Resurrection , and the life , he that believes in me , though he were dead , yet shall he live , and whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die . Christ would have Martha know that he was true life , yea , the fountain of all life , and such a fountain of life , that whosoever did believe in him , and cleave to him , nothing should hurt him , no not Death it self . Thus you see briefly the coherence , and the scope of the words . We come now to shew you the meaning of them . In these words we may observe these two parts . First , here we have laid down a compound proposition . And then the distinct Exposition , or explication thereof . First , here we have laid down a compound Axiome , or Proposition , a copulative Proposition , wherein Christ affirms two things of himself . First , I am the Resurrection . Secondly , I am the Life . I am the Resurrection , I am the Life . Now the difference between these two , we may conceive with reverend Calvin to be this . I am the Resurrection . That is , I have all quickning power in me , I am able to restore , and give life to those that are dead . And then I am the life ; I have such quickning power in me , that I am able to preserve , and continue the life that I have given , or restored to any ; I am the Resurrection and the life . And then follows the Exposition of this Proposition , and of the several members of it : for the truth of a copulative Proposition depends upon the truth of both the parts and members of it , therefore there followes the Explication , and confirmation of both the parts of this Proposition . First of the first part , I am the Resurrection , this is explained , and comfirmed in these words ; He that believeth in me , though he were dead , yet shall he live . I have such a quickning power in me , faith Christ , that I am able to restore spiritual life to that soul that is dead in sins , therefore I am able to raise up the body that is dead in the grave ; I am able to give spiritual life to the soul , which is greater , and the more difficult work ; and if I be able to do the greater , I am able to do the less : he that believes ix me , faith Christ , though before he were dead in trespasses and sins , yet he shall live , he shall live the life of grace . Then followes the Fxplication and confirmation of the second member of the Proposition in these words , Whosoever liveth and believeth in me , shall never die . I am the life faith Christ , for whosoever believeth in me , and so is restord to spiritual life , he shall never die ; he shall never die , to speak properly , for he shall never perish , he shall never die , this life shall never be taken from him , neither here nor hereafter ; not here , for he shall continue to live the life of grace : not hereafter , for though the body shall die , yet this separation of the body from the soul , it is not so properly a death , as a passage to life ; a passage from the life of grace , to the life of glory . And this body also that is separated from the soul , it shall be quickned again , and shall be raised up to live for ever ; therefore he that believeth in me , shall never die . Thus you see the words expounded . Now from the first member of this Proposition , I am the Resurrection ; and the Exposition , and confirmation of it in these words , He that believeth in me , though he were dead , yet shall he live . Hence the point of Doctrine I will observe is this ; that , Jesus Christ is the Fountain , and Author of all life . He is able to give and restore life to those that are dead ; He is the Resurrection . Now , whereas there is a double death , and a double Life , and consequently a double Resurrection ; we must understand that Christ is the Author of both : in this place we are not to exclude either . Therefore we will endeavour to expound this general doctrine in these three particulars . First , Christ hath such a quickning power in him , that he is able to raise up those dead bodies of his , that now lie in the Grave . Secondly , Christ hath such a quickning power in him , that he is able to raise up the soul that is dead in sins , to a spiritual life . Thirdly , we will shew you why Christ , as in this place , so else-where , doth express both the state of the faithful here , and their estate after , under the same phrase of speech , he comprehends both under this term , I am the Resurrection . For the first of these , Christ is the Author of life , he hath such a quickning power in him , that he is able to raise up the dead bodies of his out of their graves . We will speak first of this Resurrection that is of the body , though it be later in time ; Because that naturally we are more apt to conceive of the death , and life of the body , then of the death and life of the soul . And secondly , because that the understanding of this Resurrection of the body , will give light to the understanding of the other , of the soul . And here first we will shew briefly what this Resurrection of the body is . And then prove that Christ is the Author , and the fountain of it . First the Resurrection of the body is this , when the soul that was actually separate from the dead body , returns again to its proper body , and being united to it , the man riseth up out of the Grave , with an immortal , incorruptible body to lead a glorified life . This it the Resurrection of the body . Now that Christ is the Author of this Resurrection of the body it is evident : For as Christ himself by his own power , raised himself being dead in the Grave , John 2.19 . faith Christ , destroy this Temple , and in three dayes I will raise it again , speaking of the Temple of his body . And so again , Joh. 10.18 . I have power , faith Christ , to lay down my life , and to take it up again : so likewise Christ by his quickning spirit he will raise up the bodies of those that are now dead in the grave , as we may see , Joh. 5.28 , 29. Marvel not at this , faith Christ , for the hour is coming in which all that are in the grave , shall hear the voice of the Son of man , and shall come forth , they that have done good to the resurrection of life , &c. In this regard Christ is called the first fruits of them that sleep . For as the first fruits being offered to God , did sanctifie the whole crop ; and the owner hereby was assured of the blessing of God upon all the rest : so Christ is the first fruits of the dead , and his Resurrection it is an assurance to the faithful of their Resurrection , and the cause of it : both an assurance , a pledge of it , and likewise a cause of it . Therefore herein Christ the second Adam , is opposed to the first Adam : As the first Adam who was the root of all man-kind did communicate death , and mortality to all those that spring from him : so likewise Christ the second Adam by his Resurrection he conveyes life , and a quickning power to all his members , as we may see 1 Cor. 15.21.22 . For since by man came death , by man came also the resurrection of the dead : for as in Adam all die ; Adam he communicates death and mortality to all that spring from him , even so in Christ shall all be made alive . Christ he conveyes life to all his members , and they are all quickned by his Spirit ; therefore Christ is called a quickning spirit , 1 Cor. 15.45 . The first Adam was made a living soul , but the last Adam a quickning spirit ; not only a living , but a quickning spirit . And this quickning power and vertue , Christ did manifest before his resurrection , by raising up three from death , namely , by raising the Widdows son , Luke 7. and Jairus his Daughter , Luke 8. and Luzarus here in this chapter . And at his resurrection also he manifested this his quickning power , in that he rose not alone , but raised the bodies of many of his Saints with him , many of his Saints arose with him , and as they rose with Christ their head , so also they ascended to glory together with Christ their head , and the resurrection of these it was an effect of the resurrection of Christ , it was by the power of Christs resurrection . Of these we may read , Mat. 27.52 , 53. The graves opened , and many bodies of the Saints that slept arose , and came out of their graves after his resurrection , and went into the holy City and appeared to many . Thus you have the first conclusion proved , that Christ is the Author of the resurrection of the body . Now in the next place , the second conclusion is this ; that , Christ is the Author and Fountain of spiritual life also . He is the Author of the Resurrection of the soul ; and the resurrection of the soul it is this , when the Spirit of grace , ( of which we were all deprived in Adam ) returns again to the soul of a natural man , and so quickens the man , that the man begins to rise out of the grave of sin , and to lead a new life , a spiritual life , the life of grace : this is the resurrection of the soul . Now that Christ is the Author of this Resurrection also , of this spiritual Resurrection : we may demonstrate this by a multitude of Divine testimonies , but we will single out some few of the chiese , we need go no further then this Evangelist , which affords plentiful testimony for the confirmation of this truth : As in Joh. 4.10 . There Christ speaking to the woman of Samaria , he said unto her ; If thou haddest known the gift of God , and who it is that said unto thee give me drink , thou shouldest have asked of him , and he would have given thee living water . Here the Spirit of Christ it is compared to living water , by an allusion to the water that continually springeth out of a Fountain . And the Spirit of grace is compared to living water from the effects of it : because the Spirit of grace restoreth spiritual life to the soul , and then preserveth this life ; therefore it is living Water , and Christ is as the Fountain of this water that yeeldeth , and giveth this living , quickning water of the Spirit . Again in Joh. 5.21 . there Christ challengeth this power to himself , As the Father raised up the dead , and quickneth them ; so the Son quickneth whom he will. As Christ when he was upon the earth , he raised whom he would from the death of the body , so now being in heaven , he raiseth whom he will from the death of the soul . Yea , the voyce of Christ sounding in the ministry of the Word , accompanied with his quickning Spirit , is of power and efficacie to raise those that are dead in sins , as we may see Joh. 5.25 . Verily , verily , I say unto you , faith Christ , the hour is coming , and now is , when the dead shall hear the voyce of the Son of God , and they that hear it shall live . Again in Joh. 6.35 . there Christ stileth himself the Bread of life , and the Living bread ; Jesus said unto them , I am the bread of life ; and in verse 48. I am the bread of life ; and again verse 51. I am the living bread . Christ is the living bread , the bread of life , who as he hath life in himself , so he communicates spiritual life to all those that seed upon him . And here is a broad difference between this Bread of life , and ordinary bread , ordinary food : for though ordinary food can preserve natural life where it is , yet it cannot restore life where it is not ; but Christ is such living Bread , that he restores life to those that are dead in sins , and preserves that life that he hath restored , thus he is the living Bread. Again Joh. 15.1 . there Christ compares himself to a Vine , and the faithful to so many branches ; I am the true Vine , faith Christ , and my Father is the husbandman . And in verse 5. I am the Vine , ye are the branches . Now as the branch of the Vine sucks juyce and sap from the stock and root of the Vine ; so all the faithful receive spiritual juyce and life , from Christ their head . As Adam he is a common root of corruption , and spiritual death to all that come from him ; so Christ is a common root of grace , and spiritual life to all those that are his members . And in this regard Christ is compared to a head , and the faithful to his members . Collos . 1.18 . Christ is the head of his body the Church . Christ is the head ; and the faithful are his members : therefore as in the natural body , the head that is the principium , the fountain of sence and motion : it is the head that by certain nerves and sinews conveyes sence and motion to all the members of the body : so in the mystical body the Church , Christ is the head that conveyes spiritual life and motion , to all that are his members , to all the faithful . Thus you see the second conclusion explained and proved also , that as Christ is the Author of the resurrection of the body , so he is of the resurrection of the soul too , it is he that raiseth the soul to spiritual life . Now in the third place we are to shew the reason why this double quickning power is here comprehended under one term , I am the Resurrection . Now that this double power of quickning , is to be understood here under this one term , we need not , I hope , spend time to prove : for that Christ speaks here of the spiritual resurrection , and the spiritual life ; this I take to be evident from Christs own exposition in the words following ; He that believeth in me , though he were dead , yet shall he live : He that believeth in me , though he were dead in sins and trespasses before , yet he shall live the life of grace , therefore I am the Resurrection . Again , that the resurrection of the body is not here excluded , it may appear from the scope and intent of these words of Christ ; for the scope of these words here , is to perswade Martha that he was able of himself , by his own power to raise up her dead brother , to restore him to life , saith he , I am the resurrection , I have power to restore spiritual life to the soul that is dead in sin , and this is the greater work ; therefore I am able to restore natural life to the dead body , to restore the body that is dead in the Grave to life again . Now the reasons why this double power is here comprehended under one term , I am the resurrection ; the chiefe reasons I take to be these two . First , this double quickning power is here comprehended under one term , in regard of the Analogie , and proportion between these two , between the restoring of the body to life , and the restoring the soul to life . Secondly , in regard of the certain inseparable connexion between these two . First , I say in regard of the Analogie and proportion between these two , the resurrection of the body , and of the soul ; now the proportion and analogie consists especially in these four things . First , as in the resurrection of the body , the living soul must first return to the dead body , and quicken it before it can rise again : so here in the Resurrection of the soul , the Spirit of grace must return to the soul that is dead in sins , and quicken it before it can rise again : so that there is a similitude in regard of the first beginning , and principle of this Resurrection . Again , secondly there is an analogie , and proportion , in regard of the point and term , the state from which the Resurrection is : for as in the resurrection of the body , the body riseth from the state of corruption , from the bondage of the Grave ; So here in this resurrection of the soul , the soul and the whole man riseth from the state of spiritual corruption , from the bondage of sin . The third proportion is in regard of the estate to which a man riseth : for as in the resurrection of the body , a man shall rise again without those infirmities that the body had before , he shall rise to lead another kind of life , a glorified life : so in this resurrection of the soul the sinner riseth , and is raised up to lead a new kind of life , a spiritual life : and therefore it is called Newness of life , Rom. 6.4 . that we should walk in newness of life : both in regard of the new principle , and fountain of i●… , the spring of grace in the soul . And in regard of the new effects , and new operations , which are answerable to the new root . Fourthly , there is a proportion also in regard of the perpetuity of both : for as in the Resurrection of the body , the body shall rise an immortal body , not subject to death any more ; so here in the resurrection of the soul , when the sinner is restored to spiritual life , he is raised up to a durable immutable estate , he shall continue to live this life of grace , and the immortal seed that is put into him , it shall never die : so Christ saith , verse 26. He that believeth in me , saith he , and so liveth , he shall never die , he is raised to an immutable estate , to such a life as shall never be subject to spiritual death again . Thus you see that analogie , and proportion between these two , and in this respect they may both be comprehended fitly under one term . Secondly in regard of the infallible connexion between these two : for wheresoever the resurrection of the soul to the life of grace goes before , there the resurrection of the body to the life of glory will certainly follow after : for as the spiritual death of the soul did necessarily draw after it the mortality , and death of the body , so the spiritual life of the soul doth necessarily draw with it the immortality , and the resurrection of the body : therefore as in the Sacrament the name of the thing signified , is given to the sign , in regard of the neer conjunction , and relation between them : so here in regard of the neer conjunction between these two , that they are never separate , therefore they may both fitly be comprehended under one term . Thus we have endeavoured to expound the general doctrin in these three particulars . We have shewed you that Christ is the Author and fountain of the Resurrection of the body : he hath the quickning power in him wherby he is able to raise those bodies that are dead in the grave . Then he is the Author of the Resurrection of the soul too ; he is able to quicken those souls that are dead in sins . And then we have shewed the reasons why these two , the Resurrection of the body , and of the soul , are both comprehended under one phrase of speech , I am the Resurrection . Now I come to the Use and Application of that , that hath been delivered . And the Use of the point is , First , for comfort . Secondly , for tryal and examination . Thirdly , for exhortation , and direction , First the Use of the point may be for comfort here , here is matter of sound comfort to all those that are the faithful members of Christ Jesus : if thou be united to Christ by saith , Christ is the Fountain of life , he will be the Fountain of spiritual life : therefore here is comfort against Death , against the death of the soul , and against the death of the body . Comfort first against the death of the Soul , comfort against sin , that is the ill of all ills , and is the death of the soul . If thou be united to Christ ; Christ by his divine power he is able to free thee from the power and dominion of sin , from the bondage of sin . Dost thou complain that thy understanding is dark and blind ? remember Christ is able to give thee more light , Ephes . 5.14 . Awake thou that sleepest , and stand up from the dead , and Christ shall give thee light . Dost thou complain that thy heart is hard and stony ? remember that Christ is able to soften thy hard heart , and to give thee a heart of flesh , as he hath promised , Ezek. 36.36 . I will take away their stony heart , and give them an heart of flesh . Dost thou complain that thy affections are unruly , and set upon wrong objects ? remember to thy comfort , that Christ is able to rectifie these affections , he is able to plant in thee the true love , and fear of God , as he hath promised , Deut. 30.6 . I will circumcise thy heart , and the heart of thy seed ; that thou shalt love me with all thy heart , and with all thy soul . And in Jer. 32.40 . I will put my fear in their hearts , that they shall never depart from me . Dost thou complain that thou canst not bear afflictions patiently ? remember that Christ thy head , he is able to strengthen thee , and he will do it , as he did the Apostle , Phil. 4.13 . saith he , I am able to do all things through Christ that strengtheneth me . But here the weak Christian will be ready to object : but I have so many strong corruptions in me that I am afraid , that I am not yet raised out of the grave of sin , that I am not yet raised out of my natural estate . To which I answer , remember this to thy comfort , that the first Resurrection is unlike to the second in this regard ; in regard of the measure and degree of it : as soon as ever the soul quickens the dead body , the dead body leaves the Grave , and the state of corruption wholly , and all at once ; but it is not so in the Resurrection of the soul . When the spirit quickens the soul , the soul begins to rise again from the grave of sin , but yet the bands and setters of sin , and corruption still remain upon the soul . Indeed as soon as the Spirit of grace quickens the soul , the soul presently hates all sins , and begins to shake off these setters of sin and corruptions , and shakes them off by little and little ; but I say , it shakes them not off all at once . In this spiritual Resurrection , sin indeed receives a deadly wound , but yet it is not wholly abolished . In the spiritual Resurrection sin is like a beast , whose throat is cut , that lies striving and strugling for life : so sin hath life in it , but yet it hath a deadly wound : therefore remember to thy comfort , that that will be true here between the power of grace , and the remainders of sin , that is affirmed of the house of Saul , and the house of David , 2 Sam. 3.1 . there was long war between them , But the house of David grew stronger , and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker . So it will be between sin and grace , sin will grow weaker , and weaker , and grace stronger and stronger . But yet the weak Christian may object further : but I feel the spirit so weak in me , and the flesh so strong in me , that I am afraid the flesh will prevail , and so I shall return again to my natural estate . To this I answer , remember that this is contrary to the nature of a true Resurrection to return to death again : for at the last Resurrection , the bodies that are raised shall be immortal , never to die again : so here those souls that are quickened to the life of grace , they are raised to a durable , immutable , immortal estate , never to die again . That which Christ saith of those that shall be accounted worthy to attain the second Resurrection ; the Resurrection of the body , it is true here also : he saith those that shall be accounted worthy of the world to come , of the Resurrection to life , they shall never die : for they are as the Angels of Heaven , Luke 20.35 , 39. Those that partake of that Resurrection can never die : so here those that partake of this spiritual Resurrection to the life of grace , they shall never die : this Resurrection to the life of grace it shall continue in them . For the spirit of grace when he once cometh into the soul , and quickens it , it continues there , and remains there for ever : it is as a Well of water springing up to eternal life , as Christ speaks Joh. 4.14 . Whosoever shall drink of the water that I shall give him , shall never thirst , but the water that I shall give him , shall be in him a well of water springing up to everlasting life . Now we know a stream of water is of a vanishing nature , yet if it be nourished with a continual Fountain that can never be dry , the stream will continually run : so it is with the stream of grace in the soul , it is nourished with a continual fountaine , such a one as can never be dried up . Thus you see here is comfort against sin , against the death of the soul . Those that are united to Christ by faith , they may be assured that Christ will be to them a Fountaine of spiritual life . Secondly , here is comfort against the death of the body , against natural death . If thou be united to Christ , thou needest not to fear temporal death , remember that though the body be dead because of sin , yet the spirit is life , as it is Rom. 8.10 . The body , that is dead ; that is , it is mortal and subject to death because of sin , but the spirit , the soul , that liveth , it passeth from the life of grace here , to the life of glory . Yea , and the body too that is laid in the Grave , notwithstanding shall be raised again by the quickening power of Christ . Remember Christ is thy head , and therefore he being risen from the dead , thou shalt not perish . You know as long as the head of the natural body is above the water , none of the members of the body can be drowned : so it is here , as long as Christ is risen , none of his members can be held captive in the Grave . Remember Christ is the first fruits of the dead , the first fruits of them that sleep : therefore his Resurrection may be a pledge , and an assurance to thee of thy resurrection ; As we have borne the Image of the earthly , saith the Apostle , so we shall bear the Image of the heavenly 1 Cor. 15.49 . As we have borne about us these corruptible bodies , so when we rise again , we shall rise with immortal , and incorruptible bodies , and live a glorious life with Christ , and so be made conformable to Christ our head , therefore fear not the death of the body . Remember that Death can destroy nothing in thee but sin , therefore fear not . This consideration may comfort us , as against our own death , so against the death of our friends ; Let us therefore receive comfort hence , as Martha in this Chapter ; I know that my brother shall rise again in the Resurrection at the last day , and that did comfort her . But here this question may be demanded ; but is not this Resurrection of the body , a benefit common to the wicked ? are not they partakers of this benefit from the resurrection of Christ , as well as the godly ? shall not they be raised , and quickned , as well as the godly , by Christ his Resurrection ? To this I answer , that this Resurrection of the body to life , it is a benefit proper to the faithful , to the true members of Christ : for though unbeleevers , and wicked persons shall be raised up again ; yet , By a different cause . And to a different end . I say first , by a different cause : the wicked that are out of Christ , cannot have any benefit from the Resurrection of Christ , because they are out of Christ , therefore they shall be raised indeed ; but not by a quickning power flowing from the resurrection of Christ : but by the divine power , and command of Christ , as a just Judge : and they shall be raised by vertue of that curse pronounced in Paradice , Gen. 2. In the day thou eatest , thou shalt die the death ; that includes eternal death : therefore this curse must be executed upon them , and therefore they must rise out of the Grave again , that body and soul may die eternally : but the faithful members of Christ shall be raised by the quickning power of Christ , as their head and Saviour . Again , as the wicked shall be raised by a different cause , so to a different end : for they shall not be raised to life , to speak properly , that state is stiled eternal death , therefore their Resurrection is stiled the resurrection of condemnation , Job . 5.27 . they that have done good shall come forth to the resurrection of life , and they that have done ill to the resurrection of condemnation ; they shall not rise to life , but to eternal death : but the godly only shall attain this Resurrection of life , and therefore they only are stiled the sons of the resurrection , Luke 20.36 . So much may suffice for comfort . A second Use of the point may be for trial and examination , since we profess to be Christians , to be members of Christ , let us here try the truth , whether we be so in deed or no. Christ is the Resurrection : he is the Author of the first Resurrection to a spiritual life . The first thing that Christ doth in the soul of a sinner , is to raise the soul to a spiritual life : therefore examine whether thou have felt this quickning power or no , this first Resurrection to a spiritual life . When Christ was upon the earth , he had power to raise up all those to life again that died , but yet he raised but few ; there are but three that we read of , those that we named before . The Widdows son , Jairus Daughter , and Lazarus here . So likewise Christ now hath power to quicken all those that are dead in sin , to raise them to spiritual life , but yet he quickens but few , in comparison of those that continue still in their sins . Therefore let us all examine our selves upon this point , whether we have attained the first Resurrection or no. If we be true members of Christ , we partake of the first Resurrection : for Christ is a fountain of spiritual life to all his members : therefore examine this , look to the first resurrection , to the Life of grace , thou maist know it briefly by three signs . First , by forsaking of sin . Secondly , by newness of life . Thirdly , by thy continual progress in both . First , by thy forsaking of sin , whether hast thou left those sins thou formerly livedst in ? As in the Resurrection of the body , as soon as the soul is united to the body , presently the man leaves the Grave , he leaves the society of the dead , and comes forth : as Lazarus as soon as he was quickned , and his soul returned to his body , presently he came forth , Vers . 44. He that was dead came forth out of his grave . Examine therefore whether thou be come forth of the grave of sin ? whether hast thou left the society of sinners , of prophane persons ? and whether hast thou left the grave of thy sin ? Is there not some lust , some sin that still holds thee captive in this Grave , to which thou willingly , and wittingly obeyest ? If thou live in any one known sin , if thou be ruled by any one lust , whatsoever it be , be it swearing , or drunkenness , or uncleanness , or covetousness , or lying , or open and publike prophaning of the Sabbath . I say , if thou live in the practice of any of these , or the like known sins , this is a plain case , thou art still in the noysome grave of thy sins : thou art not risen out of the grave of thy sins , and therefore thou art not quickned by the Spirit of Christ ; and if thou art not quickned , then thou art not a member of Christ , thou art not a true Christian . Again , Secondly , thou maist know it by the newness of thy life : whether dost thou feel a spiritual life wrought in thee ? and whether doth it appear outwardly ? Dost thou feel a spiritual life wrought inwardly ? that spiritual life that . Christ restores to the Soul , is universally spread through the whole Soul. As when the Soul of a man quickens the body , it quickens the whole body , every member of it ; so here the Spirit of Grace quickens the whole Soul. Therefore examine whether dost thou find spiritual life wrought in thy whole Soul , or no ? whether dost thou find this change wrought in thy understanding and judgement ? whether hast thou a new judgement , and thoughts , and opinion of God , and of the wayes of God ? a new opinion of Christ ? a new opinion of the Members of Christ ? Whether dost thou find this change in thy heart and affections ? whether hast thou new desires , new affections , spiritual inclinations ? whether are the studies , and desires of thy soul set upon heavenly things ? If ye be risen with Christ , seek those things that are above , Collos , 3.1 . Whether are thy affections and meditations heavenly , and spiritual ? Dost thou feel this change inwardly in thy Soul ? Again , doth this spiritual life appear outwardly also by thy speeches and actions ? Doth it appear outwardly in thy speeches , is there a change there ? canst thou now speak to men in the language of Canaan , and to God in the voice of his Spirit , crying Abba , Father ? Again , is there a change in thy outward actions ? hast thou left the society of sinners ? and dost thou converse with living Christians ? Dost thou love those that excel in vertue ? and dost thou manifest the graces of the Spirit in the conscionable performance of all the duties of thy general , and particular calling ? As soon as Lazarus was quickened , presently as he left the Grave , so he conversed with living men , and walked in his Calling : so examine if thou have left the society of the dead , and converse with living Christians , and delight in them ; and whether thou walk on conscionably in the place that God hath set thee in , making the Word of Christ the rule of all thy actions . If it be thus with thee , if thou feel this spiritual life wrought in thy soul , and it appear outwardly in all thy speeches and actions ; this is a good sign thou partakest of the first Resurrection to the life of Grace . In the third place , thou maist know this also by thy progress in both these . First , by the progress of thy Mortification : Is sin daily more and more mortified in thee ? Dost thou daily get ground of thy corruptions ? Is sin in thee like the house of Saul , as that waxed weaker and weaker , so doth corruption in thee daily ? Is sin in thee like an old man , as it is in every member of Christ ? and therefore it is stiled the old man ; an old man grows weaker and weaker , till at the last he dyes : so it is with sin in every Christian , examine if sin be such an old man in you , that it grows weaker daily . Again , thou maist know it by thy progress in thy vivification : Dost thou grow in grace daily ? Is grace in thee , as the house of David , as that grew stronger and stronger , so doth grace in thee ? Is grace like a young man , as it is in every member of Christ ? and therefore it is stiled the New man ; because it is as a young and lusty man that daily grows stronger , till he come to his full strength , doth grace in thee grow stronger daily ? and dost thou go forward in thy Christian course ? It is the duty of a Christian to walk on daily in his Christian course , Rom. 6.4 . we must walk on in newness of life . If thou find this progress in thy mortification , and vivification , it is a good signe indeed that thou hast attained to the first Resurrection of the Soul to a spiritual life . Therefore let me intreat you to set upon this work of examination of your own hearts diligently , and faithfully . Let not the multitudes of worldly business : let not the allurement of vain objects , and vain company ; let not the appetite and desire of base pleasures drive these thoughts out of your heads : but examine your own hearts whether you partake of the first Resurrection , or no. Deceive not thy own soul : for though Conscience may now sleep , thou maist think thou art in a good estate ; yet let me tell thee ; the time will come when thy Conscience will awake , that if thou continue to wallow in any one sin , if there be no change in thee in thy life , in thy heart ; if instead of growing better , thou grow worse , and be hardened more and more in sinful courses , thy Conscience will tell thee to thy face , thou art a dead man , thou hast no part in Christ : for Christ is the Resurrection , the Fountaine of spiritual life : thou hast not yet attained the first Resurrection to the life of grace , and therefore if thou go on in this course , thou shalt not attaine to the second Resurrection , to the life of glory . So much for that Vse . The third , and the last Use of the point is for exhortation ; and direction . If now upon examination , thou find that thou hast not yet attained to this spiritual Resurrection ; then let me counsel thee to give no rest to thy soul , till thou hast attained it : for remember that this is the first step to heaven , and if thou set not the first step to heaven , surely thou shalt never come thither . As the Resurrection of Christ was the first degree of his exaltation : so this spiritual Resurrection that we have spoken of , it is the first degree of a Christians exaltation : therefore get this in the first place ; yea , get this , and all will follow . If thou attain this , thou maist be assured of the second Resurrection also , to the life of glory . Remember that Christ by raising himself from the dead by his own power , declared himself to be the eternal Son of God : He was declared mightily to be the Son of God by his Resurrection : So if thou canst by a power and vertue drawn from Christ , rise out of the grave of thy sin , then thou shalt declare thy self to be the member of Christ , the Son of God , the daughter of God : therefore labour to attain this first Resurrection . But here this question may be demanded : but by what means now doth Christ convey this spiritual life to his children ? and how shall I get to be partaker of this Resurrection ? by what means shall I attain this first Resurrection to this spirituall life ? To this I answer briefly , that by the same means by which Christ works faith in the soul , by the same means he raiseth a sinner to life : for he that beleeveth liveth , and he that liveth beleeveth ; he that beleeveth is raised to life : therefore by the same means that Christ works faith , by the same means he raiseth a sinner to life . Therefore the outward means is the Preaching of the Word ; the inward , the Spirit of grace . By such means as Christ will raise the bodies of the dead at the last day , by the like means he now raiseth the souls of those that are dead in sin . Now Christ will raise the bodies that are now dead in the Grave , at the last day . First , by his voyce , John 5.28.29 . and by the sound of the Trumpet , 1 Cor. 15.52 . The Trump shall sound , and the dead shall be raised incorruptible . And he shall raise them by his quickning Spirit . So by the like means Christ now raiseth our souls that are dead in sins : therefore if thou desire to be raised out of the grave of sin , let me counsel thee ; First , to attend diligently to the word of God , upon the preaching of the Gospel . The word of Christ , is a quickning word , as Christ saith , Joh. 3.63 . My Word is spirit and life . The voyce of Christ is a quickning voyce : as Christ by his voyce raised Lazarus out of his Grave ; when Christ said to Lazarus , Come forth ; presently Lazarus quickned , and came forth : so the voyce of Christ in the ministery of the Word hath a quickning power , to raise sinners from the death of sin : therefore when the Ministers cry aloud , and the Prophets lift up their voyce as a Trumpet , then hearken . Secondly , be frequent , and fervent in Prayer for the Spirit of grace , and of Christ : before thou hear , pray ; and after thou hast heard , pray that the Spirit of Christ may accompany his Word , that so this may be a means to awaken , and to quicken thee out of thy natural estate , and to raise thee out of the death of sin . Thou must pray to God to give thee a hearing ear , and a believing heart : that so the sound of the Word may not be as the sound of a Trumpet in the ears of a dead man , but that thou maiest be quickned by the voyce of Christ . And though thou have continued a long time in thy sins , yet be not altogether discouraged : remember that Christ is able to raise thee , though thou have continued never so long in thy sins : for he that was able to raise Lazarus that was dead and buryed , and now stinking in the Grave , he is able to raise up thee also . In the last place ( in one word ) if upon examination , thou find thou have attained to this spiritual Resurrection , then here is a ground of exhortation . To humility , To thankfulness . Here is a ground of Exhortation to Humility and Thankfulness , to joyn them both together , because they usually go together : the proud person is alway unthankful ; and the humble man is alway a thankful man. Now if thou have attained to the Resurrection thou hast great cause to be humble , and to be thankful . First , thou hast great cause to be humbled , because thou hast nothing but that thou hast received : thou hast great cause to be humbled , because thou puttest not any hand to this work , no more than the dead body of Lazarus could help to the raising of him . No more then a creature being nothing , can help to its own creation ; no more can a sinner help forward this mork of his Resurrection , therefore thou hast cause to be humbled for not puting the least helping hand to this work , it is wholly supernatural . Therefore let not any one arrogate any thing to the power of his free will , but remember the work is wholly supernatural . Secondly , as we have cause to be humbled , so to be thankful too , do but consider the desperate , and dangerous estate of sin whence thou art raised , and then make thy humble confession with the Israelites , when they brought their first fruits before God , Deut. 26.5 . A Syrian ready to perish was my father ; he went into Egypt with a few ; and become a Nation mighty , and populous , and the Lord brought him out of Egypt with a mighty hand , and an out-stretched arm , with terrour and signs , and wonders , and hath brought us to this place , and hath given us this Land , even a Land flowing with milk and honey . The like deliverance the Lord hath wrought for thee , therefore be thankful , and make thy thankful acknowledgment with the Psalmist , Psal . 115. Not unto us , but to thy name give the glory . And then desire God , as he hath by his mercy brought thee to the Kingdome of grace , so by his power to preserve thee to the Kingdome of glory . And desire Christ , as he by his quickning Spirit , hath made thee partakers of the first Resurrection to the life of grace ; so to make thee partaker of the second to the life of glory . DEATH IN BIRTH : OR , THE FRUIT OF EVES Transgression . SERMON XXXVI . GEN. 35.19 . And Rachel died . IT is a Statute law of God , that all , both Men and Women , must die . The causes for which it pleased Almighty God to leave the bodies , even of his dearest Children under the power of Death , to be returned to dust , are many . First , for the manifesting his truth , according to that ancient threatning mentioned , Gen. 3.19 . Dust thou art , and to dust thou shalt return . Secondly , for the manifestation of his power , that by death , he may translate his chosen servants to life . Sin it was that brought death into the world : and God will shew his strength in this , that death shall be the utter abolishment , even of that very thing which brought it first upon us , and made us all lyable to it . If there had not been sin , there should not have been death : and now God will , that in those that are his , the kingdom and being of sin shall utter ●…he destroyed ; the head of Goliah shall be cut off with his own sword , and sin shall be extinguished by that which it self first procured . Thirdly , God subjects his children to this course , that by it , they may the better conceive what inestimable benefit they reap by Jesus Christ . When they do think 〈…〉 they cannot chuse but fear it ; Nature affecting a con 〈…〉 cannot chuse but loath and abhor it . Now then , if 〈…〉 fearful ; well may we conclude , that it would have ex●●●●●● if it continued as at the first it was ; that is , a gate and passage to everlasting torment in hell fire . If the very sight of the Serpent afright us now the sting is out , what would it have done , if the sting had still remained ? Hereby the Almighty God would have us learn how deeply we stand ingaged to him for his me●cy w 〈…〉 o by his Son Jesus Christ h●●h freed us from so great m●●ery . Lastly , th● law of Death seizeth upon the very elect children of God , that they may he thereby made conformable to their head Christ : He was as the wheat-corn , which except it fall into the ground and die , abideth alone , Death was his passage , the same must be ours also . The way of the tree of life is kept with the blade of a sword shaken , under the stroak whereof , we must first come , before we can hope for any entran●● into Paradise , as we see here it is said of Rachel , she dyed . And Rachel di●d . I will not stand upon any division of the words , but will ( God willing ) unite them together at this time , in this discourse . I conceive it is not altogether impertinent in the handling of these words of my Text , to shew you the occasion of Rachels death , what the was , and for what she stands recorded in the sacred Scriptures . Rachel was one of Labans Daughters , and one of the Wives of Jacob. Questionless , she was a good woman , though in some things faulty : But the imperfections of the holy people of those times , are neither to be blazed abroad ( as though we took pleasure in discovering their shame , ) nor to be followed neither ; as though by their doing this or that , were a sufficient plea for us ; that were to draw bloud , not milk out of the brests of the sacred-Scriptures , and is a thing , which for my own particular were the cause never so just , I do from my soul abhor and detest . First of all then , she is recorded to have been fruitful , by whom Jacob had two sons . Joseph and Benjamin ; and by her , and Leah his other wife , God accomplished his promise that He made to Abraham , that his seed should be as the stars of Heaven , which teacheth us ; that , The fruitfulness of the wife , is to be reckoned as a blessing , and to be earnestly sought by prayer from Almighty God. It is that blessing which God promiseth to the man that fears him , and puts his trust in him ; That his Wife should be as a fruitful Vine , and his Children they shall stand 〈…〉 round about his table . Psal . 128.3 . And in the precedent Psalm , Lo●… , Children are an her stage fro●… the Lord , and the fruit of the womb are his reward , happy is the man that hath his quiver full of them . In former times , barrenness was accounted for a shame and reproach . When God would punish Abimelech , about Abraham and Sarah his Wife ; it is said , that he closed up all the wombs in the house of Abimelech , Gen. 20.18 . And when God would bless Jobs last dayes more than his first , he gave him seven sons , and three daughters , as an addition to his happiness , and as so many emblems of his grace , and favour towards him . In there hearsing of the lives of the Fathers before the Flood , you shall find , especially in Gen. 5. sundry times thus , such , and such a one lived so many years , and begat sons and daughters . What was the blessing upon the first couple ? was it not this , be fruitful and multiply Gen. 1.28 . What blessing gave the friends of Rebecca at her departure ? was it not this , be the mother of thousands , and millions , Gen. 24.60 . What was the manner of Gods blessing the Jewes after their return from the captivity ? was it not this , that their streets should be full of boyes , and girls ? Zech. 8.5 . This being so , it may serve for a twofold Use ; First , it discovers the wretchedness of their fault , who grudg and repine at the increase of children as a burthen . Some there are that prescrbe to God how many children he should bestow upon them , and would set him down a stint , that they would not by any means have him exceed ; which argues a most miserable , and a most faithless mind : For whence is this fear of increase before it come ? and whence is this repining at it when it is come , but from some distrustful opinion or other , that they conceive either of their inability to maintain them , & c ? Let me say to you , beloved , of your children , as our blessed Saviour said of his Disciples touching themselves ; they are of more value then sparrows , yet the Lord feeds them , together with the young Ravens that cry ; how much more will he give supply to those creatures that are stamped with his own Image . Neither is it only a reward and blessing upon the rich that they are fruitful , but it is even a reward and blessing to the poor , that they have children : for it is specified in Psal . 107.41 . that God will make them a family like a flock of sheep ; and comfortable it is , that they shall have a family like a flock of sheep , because this may well be intended ; they shall prosper and thrive with a little maintenance , as sheep will grow fat , albeit the lees are but very short . Secondly , it serves to direct all that desire this blessing of increase , that they may know of whom to seek it ; it is God that must make thee fruitful like Rachel ; it is he that makes the barren to dwell with the family , and to be a joyful mother of Children . There are five special keyes that God reserves in his own power . The first is , the key of the Rain ; the Lord shall open his good treasure , and the Houvens to give Rain to the land , Deut. 28.12 . Secondly , the key of food ; thou openest thy hand , and fillest all things living with thy plenty , Psal . 104.28 . Thirdly , the key of the grave ; he bringeth down to the grave , and raiseth up again , 1 Sam. 2.6 . Fourthly , the key of the heart ; it is said Acts 16.14 . the Lord opened the heart of Lydia . Fifthly and lastly , the key of the wombe ; God remembred Rachel and opened her wombe , Gen. 30. Abraham therefore being childless , he makes his moan to God. Isaac prayed to God for his Wife , because she was barren . Hanna , Samuels mother , poured out her soul to God in hearty prayer , when she had no child . As also Zachary , and Elizebeth , the parents of John Baptist . This is the true course , first to God , and then to the means . Rachel was in a passion , and she cryed to her Husband , give me children or else I die ; but nothing of all this prevailed till she sought it of the Lord , and then she was fruitful , that is the first . Secondly , it is recorded of her , that she was not only fruitful ; but that with this fruitfulness of hers , there came an increase of Gods people ; she built up a great part of Israel : and what else were the Isralites , but Gods peculiar people ? A right christian indeed is called a true Israelite ; and the elect are termed by Saint Paul , Gal. 6.16 . the Israel of God : So then hence you may infer ; that , The desire of having Children , must aim at the increase , and ealargement of Gods Church . This is a blessing indeed , when the wife by her off-spring builds up Israel , not Babel ; Bethel , Gods house , not Bethaven , the house of iniquity . This was the desire of holy people of old , when they prayed that their children might be as corner-stones , couched into the wals of the Temple ; meaning thereby , that they might grow into the Temple of the Lord , to be a habitation of God by his Spirit : Blessed is the man saith the Psalmist , that hath his quiver full of them : it is of such children , that are as the arrows of a strong man. Whence it follows , that they must have more in them then nature : for arrows are not arrows by growth , but by Art : so they must be such children , the knottiness of whose nature , is refined , and reformed , and made smooth by grace . Ishmael the son of the bond-woman had twelve sons , and all Princes in their Nations ; but what did all these titles of dignity do them good , as long as they were out of the promise ? Questionless Hanna's drieft in desiring a son of God , was , that out of her might come one , by whom Gods glory might be advanced among men , therefore she vowed him to the Lord all the daies of his life . The Angel told Zachary that he should have joy and gladness at the birth of his son , why ? Because he should be great in the sight of the Lord , and silled with the holy Ghost , and turn many to the Lord , Luk. 1.50 . He that begets a fool , that is , an ungodly irreligious son : for that is one of Solomons fools , he gets himself sorrow , and the father of such a one shall have no joy ; but he shall be his very calamity , and his meer vexation . It is a rule set down in Scripture , that whatsoever is done , should be done to the glory of God : therefore our desire of having children must aim at this , that out of our loyns may come such , by whom Gods glory may be promoted , and the number of the godly increased in the world . Thirdly , she is recorded to have yeelded in all willingness , and readiness to the desire of her Husband : When Jacob was warned by an Angel from God , to return from Laban to the Land where he was born ; he made his wives acquainted with the matter , and discovered to them his whole intent and purpose : they forth-with gave him this yeelding , and respective answer ; Whatsoever God hath said unto thee , that do , Gen. 31.11 . The like is to be seen in Sarah , she was no hindrance to Abraham in his removal from his own Country to Canaan ; no , nor at such time when she was ignorant whither he went : she was no hindrance to him in the speedy circumcising of his son ; No , nor she did not go about to hinder him , in the very sacrificing of his son . Out of all doubt , if she had been a clog to him in any of these respects the Spirit of God would never have concealed it , because the wrestling with her unwillingness , and gain-saying , had been a strong evidence of Abrahams faith , that the Scripture is very careful to set out to the full , for his credit and our instruction . There are two Women storied in the Scripture above others as examples of Gods judgment upon the untowardness of Wives , not joyning with , and incouraging their Husbands in good-doing . The one is Lots Wife , whose love no question was a great delay to Lot in his departure from Sodome , that when she should have gone on with her Husband in hast to the place which was appointed for their refuge without looking back , she drew behind still , lingring after her wonted home ; but what was the issue ? she was turned into a Pillar of salt . The other was Michal the wife of David , when she looked out , and saw David dance before the Ark , she despised him in her heart , and was so far from approving his zeal , that when he returned , she entertained him with a frump , saying to him , What a fool was the King of Israel this day : but what was the issue of it ? a punishment was inflicted on her for her fault , that she had no child all the dayes of her life , 2 Sam. 6.23 . I remember a policie of Saint Paul , in his Epistle he wrote to Philemon : he writes to him for the re-entertainment of a runnagate servant that he had begotten to God in his bonds , and for the better effecting of it in his inscription , he not only writes to Philemon , but joyns with him Philemons wife , To Philemon our dearly beloved , and to our beloved Apphia , Philem. 1 , 2. Wherefore was this ? For nothing else I beleeve , but to warn her of her duty , that when the receiving of Onesimus was manifested to her Husband , as a needful duty , and a thing pleasing to Almighty God , she should not put in her spoke to withstand the motion , but further it by all the means she could . It was to this end that the woman was created , that she might be a help to her Husband in all honest offices , to joyn with him , to incourage him , to provoke him , and assist him in the performance of them . Fourthly and lastly , to omit many other things recorded of her , that I might here relate to you , and to come to that that more neerly concerns this present occasion , it is said of Rachel , she died in travel . God had commanded Jacob to rise , and go up to Bethel , and dwell there : he obeyed , and erected a Pillar in the place where God talked with him : thence he journeyed a little further to Ephrath , and there Rachel travelled , and had hard labour : in the sufferance of which , which might be some ease , she received a great deal of comfort from her Midwife , who bad her not fear , for she should have this son also : but it came to pass as her soul was departing , for she died , that her sons name was called Benoni , that is , a son of sorrow , as we see verse 18. Who can express the woe of that day ? and the bitterness of that loss to Jacob ? who was now berest of his dearly-beloved Wife , by the fruit of whose wombe he had reaped such increase of blessing ? before , the children had the care of two watching over them ; now only of one , and that such a one as was not accustomed to interest himself in training up young Children , but left it to her , and she took it from him . O death void of mercy , and respect of persons ! that she should die , it was some grief to him , but that she dyed in travel , that did most trouble him , and increase his grief . And well might he stile their son Benony , the son of sorrow : for it was indeed a sorrow to them all : to her , to him , to their issue , to their friends , and acquaintance , to their servants , to all that knew them , or had any relation to them . But Jacob will not exceed the bounds of Christianity , he was at the last comforted : he refers himself , his children , his infinite , and almost insupportable loss to God Almighties pleasure , from him she was received , and to him he is content again to return all . The mourning , and lamenting that he made on her behalf it could not recal her again : all the tears he could shed for her , were of no force or power at all to make her alive ; too much sorrow might happily indanger his own life , and then he should highly offend against Almighty God , Patience and Christian fortitude were the only remedies left him , and these he resolves on . Let us learn hence as long as the world lasts , to know that worldly comforts whatsoever they be , and howsoever we may esteem of them , they are subject to change . Love with unfeignedness what may be so loved , but take heed you love not too much , for fear the taking of that away from you , that was so dearly loved of you , make you fall into impatience , and sin against God. Let us so love that we may think of loss , if it stand with Gods pleasure ; but yet let us so love , that we esteem it no loss if he please . Let his good will , and pleasure ever-more moderate our affections : so happily we shall enjoy the thing beloved , a great deal longer . But if we exceed in lamenting , were we as just , and righteous as Jacob , God will be angry with us for it . Not only thy dearest Wife , but thy dearest Child , thy dearest friend ; whatsoever is most dear to thee , shall then feel the stroak of mortality , that the heart may be taught to wish for eternity , crying heavily , and sighing with a mournful voyce , with those words of the Preacher , Vanity of vanities all is but vanity . There is a threefold punishment inflicted upon all women kind in answer to the three sins committed by our Granmother Eve. First , because she gave too much credit to the words of the Serpent , telling her , that both Adam and she should be as Gods , knowing good and evil ; therefore it was pronounced presently upon her , that her sorrows and conceptions should be multiplied . Secondly , because against the express command of Almighty God , she did eat the forbidden fruit , therefore it was pronounced against her , that in sorrow she should bring forth Children , every time her hour was at hand she should hardly escape death . I need not enlarge my self , you all know it to be too true ; nay sometimes , and that oft-times too it costs your lives : an example we have here in the Text in Rachel , and in our deceased Sister here before us , and many others . Thirdly , and lastly , because she was a seducer of her Husband ; therefore for a punishment , all your desires ought to be subject to your Husbands , and by the warrant of the Scripture they must rule over you . Death is a debt to nature and must be payed : there is no avoyding of it , no putting it off , when GOD thinks it fit , it is infallible to all , in respect of the matter , and end : though in respect of the time and manner , many times it be divers . Some die when they are young ; some in the middle of their age , and some live till they be very old . That for the time . Some die of Convulsions , some of Dropsies , some of Feavers : and to be short , some in Child-bed ; as Rachel here did , and our departed sister . But of what desease soever they die , that is nothing : die they must sooner or later , of this infirmity ; or that , it is no matter which , when it pleaseth God ; Let a man make what shew he can with all his glorious adornations . Let him have rich apparel , and disguised linnen ; and searcloth , and balm , and spices , let him be inwrapped in lead , and let stone immure him when he is dead , yet the earth his original Mother will again own him for her natural Child , and triumph over him with these , or the like insultings , he is in my bowels , returned to his earth . This body returns not immediatly to heaven , but to the earth ; nor to the earth neither as a stranger , and altogether unknown to him , but to his earth , appropriate to him as his own , his familiar friend , and old acquaintance . To conclude , we are sinful , and therefore we must die , we are full of evil , and therefore we must go to the grave : we have sins enough to bring us all thither . God grant they be not so violent , and full of ominous precipitations that they portend our sudden ruin ? portend it they do , but O nullam sit in omnia , &c. I am loath to be redious . He should not be redious that reads a lecture of mortality . How many in the world since this Sermon first began , have made an experimeut , and proof of this truth , of this sentence , that man is mortal ; and those spectacles are but examples of this truth ; they come to their period , before my speech . My speech , my self , and all that hear me , all that breath in this ayr must follow . It hath been said we live to die ; give me leave a little to invert it , let us live to live , live the life of grace , that we may live the life of glory , and then though we do die , let us never fear it , we shall rise from the dead again , and live with our God out of the reach of the dead , for ever , and ever . So much for the Text at this time . To declare unto you the cause of this present assembly would be altogether superfluous , the dumb oratory of that silent object , doth give you to understand in a language sufficiently intelligible , that we are now met to perform the last rites and duty that we owe to the memory of our dear sister here before us . And Christian charity hath been so powerful in all ages , that it hath been retained as a pious , and laudable custome at Funeral solemnities to adorn the dead , with the deserved praises of their life : not for any pomp or vain-glorious ostentation , but that Gods glory here may be for ever magnified , by whose grace they have been enabled to fight a good fight : and that the surviving may be encouraged to run the same course , when they behold them discharged of this tedious combat , and crowned with a crown of glory , and immortality . This Sister of ours was born in this parish , and hath lived in it some thirty four years , or there-about ; eighteen years a single woman , and sixteen years a married Wife ; of whom though upon my own knowledge I can speak but little , yet having credible information from others , with whom she had long , and private intimacy of many years acquaintance , I must , and will speak . That which I told you was recorded of Rachel , that she was fruitful in procreation of Children , may in a great measure be spoken of her : for if the Scripture account bearing but of two children fruit : certainly it will make an extraordinary fruit in bearing of twelve , which she did . It is a certaine token of a true , and faithful servant of God , to frequent his house , to pray unto him , to praise him in his Church earnestly ; to labour to be instructed in his will out of his Word , then , and there , read and preached to them : all which evidences of a good Christian were found in this our Sister . For her constant coming to Church , I my self can now speak upon my own knowledge , I have seriously , and strictly examined my self , and I profess ingeniously before God that knows my heart , and you that here me speak , that I cannot call to mind , that ever she mist coming to Church twice a Sabbath day since I came , which I would be heartily glad I could speak as well of others of this Parish , as of her . For some of them have got such a fisking trick up and down , to go to other Churches , as if there were no rellishable food at their own , that I fear at the last they will come to none at all , I pray God they amend this fault . It was a vertue in her that deserved commendation , and it is a vice in them that deserves reprehension . When she was in Gods house , she did not as too too many do , imploy her time in sleeping , or some such ill course : but I ever observed her to listen very diligently , and attentively to what was delivered , for the nourishing of her soul . I confess I do not remember that ever I saw her take any notes in the Church of Sermons that were preached : for it seems she did it when she came home : for since her death , going to her house , accidentally I met with a book of hers , wherein she had written many texts of Scripture with notes : the day when they were preached , and the persons by whom , most of those which I have preached I saw and perused , and others of strangers that I my self have heard : these qualities are not to be past over in silence , but are worthy of your serious imitation . Neither did she think it fit barely to set them down for her own instruction only : but what she heard upon the Sabbath day that she constantly practised upon the week dayes . She catechised her children in those points ; spending some time in training them up in the knowledge of God , and putting them in mind of their duty to him in whom we live and move , and have our being , by repeating Gods word delivered , by hearing them read Gods word printed , and by singing Psalms , and hymns , and spiritual songs . That she was a most provident , and careful Wife , and a most indulgent , and loving Mother , all that knew her can best testifie , and some of them have informed me . And this let me speak , and I have it from the mouth of some , that prehaps did not think I would have mentioned it at this time , and would have had it concealed , but for reasons best known to my self , I hold it very fit to relate : she was ever held to be of a most sweet nature , and of a very loving disposition ; that she was very charitable , and inclined to relieve the poor ; It is likewise testified of her , she was liberal alway ; but more liberal now then usually , having had a consideration of the hard and needy times : to which end , as if she had prognosticated her own death , she laid some money ( according to that ability that God had blessed her with ) for the relief of the poor . Let no man censure me for speaking these things I do : for if I should not have given her , her just , and deserved praises ; some that now hear me , and knew her from her cradle , might justly have censured me for too much remisness . Thus for her life . As for her death , I can say little touching it . It pleased God , not to give her any long time of sickness , but to take her away ; though not unprepared , yet on a sudden with a short warning . When her bitter pangs first came upon her , she called to her Husband , and desired him to joyn with her in hearty prayer to Almighty God , that he would be graciously pleased to extend his mercy towards her ; that he would be pleased to let her live longer , that she might repent of her sins , and beg mercy at his hands for them , that she might amend her life . And if he would not grant this for her , yet for those many poor Children that were young , that she was to leave behind her ; she desired him to be a careful Father over them all : she prayed to God devoutly to send a blessing both upon him , and them . Much she could not then speak , because of her pains , that now began still to increase upon her . When she was in the extremity of her labour , he being absent ( as it was fitting ) she sent down to him , to desire him to pray to God on her behalf , that he would ease her of those grievons pains , and preserve her in the great pain , and peril of Child birth . The propitious God it seemed heard him , and granted his request : for presently to the thinking of the standers by , she was well delivered . Not satisfied with this , having received so great a blessing from God , she sent down again to desire him , to give God thanks for her safe delivery . But God , that had determined to take out of this miserable life , quickly turned that hope of the standers by into a fear , and suddenly she changed : which perceiving , as long as she was able to speak , she cried , Lord Jesus have mercy on my soul , Lord have mercy on me , Lord pitty me poor miserable wretch : and when she could not speak , she held up her hands to heaven , as desirous to make her peace with that God , whom she knew she had highly offended . I make no question , but God hath translated her from the valley of tears , to the Mount Sion of blessedness : whither God of his infinite mercy bring us all . THE DEATH OF SINNE : AND LIFE of GRACE . SERMON XXXVII . ROM . 6.11 . Likewise reckon ye also your selves to be dead unto sin , but alive unto God , through Jesus Christ our Lord. THe intent of this Chapter , is to take off an abuse of the Doctrine of the Gospel , which publisheth the free Grace of God to great sinners . The Apostle had said in the latter end of the 20. Verse of the former Chapter , where sin abounded , Grace did much more abound . From hence some did infer ; that therefore under the Gospel they might take liberty to sin ; the more their sins were , and the greater they were , the more they should occasion God to manifest his abundant Grace upon them . This the Apostle answers in this Chapter , and he answers it two wayes . First , by way of detestation . Secondly , by way of confutation . By way of detestation in the first verse , and part of the second , What shall we say then , shall we continue in sin that Grace may abound ? God forbid . Secondly , by way of confutation ; the argument whereby he confutes it , is by a necessary consequence of our justification ; that is , our sanctification : these are so inseparably united together , all that are justified , are sanctified . And upon this ground , the Apostle frames two arguments to confute this errour , taken from the two parts of sanctification . The first is from our mortification , from the third verse , to the end of the seventh ; and the argument runs thus . Those that are dead to sin , cannot sin that Grace may abound ; but all that are in Christ , are dead to sin ; therefore they cannot sin that Grace may abound . Now that all that are in Christ are dead to sin ; he proves by their union with Christ , testified in Baptisme , and by the effect of that union , which is conformity to Christ ; that as Christ was dead for sin , so they are dead to sin . The second argument , is taken from the second part of our sanctification , which is our quickning to a new life ; and that he handles in the 8 , 9 , 10. verses , and that argument runs thus . Those that are quickned by Christ to newness of life , cannot sin that Grace may abound : but all that are in Christ , are quickned by Christ to newness of life ; therefore they cannot sin that Grace may abound . That all that are in Christ are quickned to newness life ; he proves in verse 8. If we be dead with Christ , we beleeve that we shall live with him still , by our union with Christ , whereby there comes a conformity to Christ in his resurrection , as well as in his death . And from these premises , he infers by way of application , the conclusion that is here in the words of the Text I have now read to you ; likewise reckon ye also your selves dead unto sin , but alive to God , through Jesus Christ our Lord. As if he should say , do not rest your selves satisfied in the bare knowledge of these things , in the discourse of them in general , but bring them to particular application , make the case your own ; what we say of death to sin , and of newness of life , we speak to you , if ye be in Christ ; therefore you must make account of it to be your case , likewise reckon ye your selves dead to sin , but alive to God , through Jesus Christ our Lord. We see now the coherence of the words with those that go before , and the main intent and scope of the Apostle in the Chapter , wherein we might note divers things . The first is out of the very connexion , that by vertue of the union of beleevers with Christ , there is in them a conformity to Christ . They are made like unto him ; he had said before , that Christ died , and rose again ; likewise reckon ye your selves like him in this . Every one that is in Christ , is conformable to Christ , and made like him . Then again secondly , we might note hence this also ; that , Rectified and sanctified reason , ever concludes to God , and for God. Reckon ye , make account , conclude this , so the word signifieth , reason thus , conclude thus ; as it is used Rom. 3.28 . We conclude ( saith the Apostle , where the same word is used ) That a man is justified by Faith without the works of the Law. So , conclude this , rest on this conclusion , do not make it a matter of conjecture , and opinion onely : but when you consider things wisely , when you weigh things seriously , you shall see great reason to infer those things , from these premises that God would have you infer . Therefore whatsoever reasoning is against the Word , whatsoever disputes the minds of men uphold against any truth in Scripture , it is but the reasoning of corrupt reason ; If reason were sanctified , it would conclude , as 2 Cor. 5. We judge , if one died for all , then they that live , should not live to themselves , but to him that died for them . When men come to deal judiciously , and advisedly , when they come to conclude of things wisely ; they will conclude then , that what use the Word and the Gospel would have them make of any truth , that they will make of it , Likewise reckon ye , judge thus . Thirdly , we might note hence thus much also ; that , The best and most profitable knowledge of the Scriptures , is in applying it to a mans own case , and person , and condition . Reckon ye also your selves , saith the Apostle ; make account of thus much , that this is a truth concerns you in particular . Judge your selves so far profited by the Word you hear , as you can make good application of it to your own estate and condition . Whensoever men come to hear the Word , they come to hear , somewhat that concerns themselves , therefore whatsoever we say befals them that are in Christ ; apply it to your selves , and make account this is my case , if 〈◊〉 in Christ . Fourthly , hence we might note thus much also ; that , When a man is in Christ , there is a real change . There is an evident change from what he was , before he was in Christ . For so the Apostle reasons ; now you are in Christ , there is such a change , as from death to life , there is a marvellous great change in you . If there be not this change in you , neither are you in Christ ; and all the hopes you build on of being in Christ , they are without a foundation , they are upon an imaginary Christ , not upon Christ that is yours indeed . If you be in Christ , let it appear in a change , let us see how you are changed since you were in Christ , from that you were before : for this make account of , conclude thus much for your selves ; that all that are in Christ are changed . But fiftly , and lastly , he expresseth wherein this change confisteth ; and he makes choice of such terms as are most acquisite , and sit for his purpose . He would express this spiritual change , and mark what expressions he useth to manifest it by ; no less then life , and death . There is such a change when you are once in Christ , from what you were before ; as there is between a man that was dead , and is now alive ; or a man that was alive , and is now dead ; and this is that , that I will infist now upon , wherein note these particulars . First , the Analogy and proportion , the aptness , and fitness of the terms , wherein the Apostle expresseth the spiritual change of those that are in Christ ; how sitly they may be said to be dead , and alive . Secondly , it is observable in what order the Apostle expresseth these first dead , and then alive . Make account that the work of Grace in the effectual change in your hearts , it proceeds in this order . First you are dead , and then alive ; dead to sin first , and then alive to God. Thirdly , note the certain connexion of these two together ; so there is not onely a certainty in the object , but a certainty in the subject too ; not only a certainty that those that are in Christ shall live : but it is certain to you , make account of this , make this conclusion for your selves , build on it , know it for your selves , as he said to Job ; it is certain if you be in Christ , you are dead with Christ , and you shall live with Christ , make account of this . Lastly , the efficient cause of this great change exprest in these terms , it is Jesus Christ our Lord : make account of this , if you be in Christ , there comes a vertue from Christ , an effectual working of Christ by his spirit in your hearts ; such a powerful work as will conforme you to Christ dead , and to Christ risen ; that you shall be dead to sin , and alive to God : not by any sttength in your selves , or any excellent endowment in your own natures , not by any natural inclination and ability , but through the vertue and power of Jesus Christ our Lord working in you . Thus you have the Text opened . We will speak first of the Analogy and proportion , the agreement between the metaphors here used , and the things exprest by them . That which the Apostle would express , is , that there is a marvellous spiritual real change , in all those that are in Christ , from what they were before . Now let us see how sitly it is exprest in these words , that he saith , you are dead to sin , and alive to Ged ; that he chuseth to express it by life and death . Had it not been fit to have said thus much ; you are changed in your dispositions , in your inclinations , in your intentions , in your actions ; you are changed in your conversations , you are other kind of men in the inclination of your hearts ; you bring forth other fruit , you lead other lives then you were wont to do ? But he expresseth it here yet more fully ; that is , by that that includes all these ; and if there be any thing more may be added , it includes that too , ye are dead and alive . Then we will consider ; First , generally , how death , and life , express the state of them that are in Christ . Secondly , consider them in their particular application ; how death expresseth the first part of a mans change in sanctification , and life the second part . First , we take them in general , and let this be the point ; that , A man that is indeed effectually changed by vertue of his union with Christ ; he hath such a change wrought in him , as in a dead , and living man ; as in life , or in death . Now , first take it in general ; you know life , and death , they imply , first a general change ; when a man is alive , or when a man is dead , there is not a change in some part only , but in the whole : So it is here , when a man is effectually changed from what he was , by vertue of his union with Christ . A member may be dead , and yet nevertheless the man alive ; but if the man be dead , there is a general change that goes throughout , it possesseth every part , every member ; so that now there is no member of him , but death rules in it , then he is a dead man. So it is in this , when a man is dead spiritually , there is not a change in some particular actions only , in some particular opinions only ; there is not an alteration of some of his old customs only ; but it is a general change , so it goes through the whole man. It is a change in the understanding , he judgeth things otherwise then he was wont to do . And there is a change in the will ; the inclination of it is to other objects then he was wont to be inclined to . And thence there is a change in his intentions ; he propounds other ends to himself then he was wont . So there is a change in respect of the whole ; the Word is the rule of all a mans actions . There is a change from particular evils , from one as well as another ; that when any thing is discovered to him to be a sin , to be a transgression of the rule ; he is turned from it . So likewise , when any thing is discovered to him to be a duty , agreeable to the rule according to the will of God revealed in his Word ; he is a vessel of honour prepared for it : and that is it the Apostle especially means , when he compares them to vessels , and he describes them thus ; they are vessels of honour fit for the service of their Master , prepared for every good work : So that now as the Apostle saith , there remaineth no more conscience of sin . That is , there remains not now any sin to cleave to the conscience to defile it , to cleave to the conscience so , as a ruling enemy would do , that would take away all true and perfect peace ; all boldness , and access to the throne of Grace , there is no such conscience of sin . This making conscience of every sin , is that that frees conscience from being defiled in that sence with any sin ; so much for the first . Well , secondly it is expressed by death , and life , to shew the orderliness in the proceeding of this change . When a man is changed by the efficacy and working of Christ to whom he is united ; it proceeds in such a manner , as the change in death or life . You know death , or life , begin within first ; it begins in the inward man , in the heart first . And as in natural death , or natural life ; there is a dying first of the root , and a quickning first at the root : So likewise in spiritual death , or life ; it is an orderly proceeding , it begins first within . Our Saviour Christ gives this direction ; First make the inside clean , and then all will be clean ; against the hppocrisie of the Scribes , and Pharisees , that looked more to outward actions . So this change , it is not only a meer civilizing of a man , a conforming of him to that society he converseth with in outward actions ; but renewing of a man in the spirit of his mind , Rom. 12.2 . So the change begins from within . Hence it is , that first he is good , and then he doth good , according to the speech of Christ , make the tree good , and then the fruit will be good , we will not stand upon it : you see the Analogie , and agreement holds between these two in general . Now we come to take them apart more specially : First , how this being dead to sin , agrees with that change that is in a man that is in Christ from sin ; Reckon this , saith the Apostle , make account of this , that you are dead to sin : that is , now there is such a change and turning from your evil courses , from whatsoever it is that is truly and properly called sin in Scripture , you are changed from it . Now in whatsoever sence a man may be said to be dead , in that sence a man in Christ is changed from sin , there is somewhat in his change expressing that death . Now there is a threefold death , A Civil Death . A Judicial Death . A Natural Death . We begin with the judicial first , as Gods great Work begins in the judgment . There is a judicial death ; so one that is alive now in respect of natural life , may yet be said to be judicially dead , when he is dead in sentence ; when by the Judge he is condemned to death , when he is adjudged to die . So reckon ye your selves dead to sin ; make account of this , that now in your judgment there is a sentence passed out against sin , that it shall be slain , that it shall be mortified ; thus your judgment stands , and thus you look upon it , as a thing dead in sentence ; and that is the first . It is that in Ezek. 36.31 . saith the Lord , When I shall be pacified to thee , this shall follow upon it ; thou shalt judge thy self worthy to be destroyed , for all thine iniquities and abominations . When God is reconciled to a man , which is as much as to say , when a man is in Christ : for by Christ we are reconciled to God , this follows upon it , that man comes now to judge sin to be a deadly thing , to judge sin to be dead , and to judg himself worthy to be destroyed for it . He looks on sin as it should be looked upon , his opinion is right concerning it : he accounts it an iniquity , a thing against that rectitude , against that equity , and righteousness wherewith man was once endowed in the Creation ; and from which so far as he swarves , so far he is plunged into death . As you know that curse was denounced against man when he sinned he should die : so he cannot look upon iniquity , upon that that is contrary to that righteousness wherein he was made , but he looks upon it , as on death it self , and a deadly thing ; he looks upon it as upon an abomination . That look as persons that sinned capitally were an abomination to the Land , and people among whom they sinned ; as the Scripture speaks of murtherers , and the like ; the land was defiled if the sentence of death were not executed ; so it is here in the opinion and judgment of a man that is in Christ , he accounts this the greatest defilement , that his soul remains so far polluted and defiled , as there is any life left in sin . That is the first thing , reckon this then that sin is dead immediatly ; that is , that you now come to pass ( as Judges do ) a sentence of death against sin : and that howsoever a Malefactour be not naturally dead , when he is judicially dead ; yet he is in an order to it , the next thing that follows will be to be cut off . So it is with sin , when a man comes to judge himself for his iniquity , worthy to be destroyed for his abominations , this is the next thing that follows , he will not rest , till that be slain and subdued , till that Malefactour be condemned to death , and cut off and took out of the way . Here is the first thing , herein this change is like death . Secondly , there is a civil death too ; so one that lives naturally , may be dead civilly ; so one that is under the subjection and power of another , such a one is dead civilly . The civil Law accounts any one that is under subjection to be Civiliter mortuus as they speak ; that is , he is in that sence not accounted among living men , he is one dead , because he is not annimated , and acted by his own will , but by the will of him that rules him : so reckon ye your selves dead , saith the Apostle . Make account that when you are in Christ , sin is no more to be ruler , and commander , to act , and animate , and quicken you to obey its lusts , that you should be acted , and animated by it , that as soon as sin tempts , you should obey presently : make account in this sence you are dead to sin , that is , sin is dead in you civilly , it hath not a ruling power ; it comes not now as one that hath power to sway all before it : that is it the Apostle saith in this Chapter , sin shall not have dominion ; You have a new Master , a new Lord , you are no more under the rule and dominion of sin , that is the second . Thirdly , there is a natural death , as well as a judicial , and civil death , so things are said to be dead naturally , two wayes , Imperfectly , Inchoate . Perfectly , Consummate . Natural death imperfect , and but begun is this , as when there is a great blow given with an axe to the root of a tree , whereupon certainly it will wither , and die , and be made altogether unfruitful for the time to come : though for the present it have leaves upon it , and though for the present all the fruit that is on it be not quite shook off , yet now the tree is said to be dead , because there is a blow given at the root , whereupon it will wither and certainly die . So a man is said to be dead , when he hath a deadly wound given him , though he be not now dead ; though he may stir , and live after , and perhaps do some hurt to him that wounded him ; yet he is dead , because he is irrecoverably wounded , every one that looks on him will say he is dead . So as soon as a man is in Christ , by vertue of his union with Christ , there is such a blow given to the root of sin ; not in the judgment only , but in the affections also ; so as it never recovers its strength again , to bring forth fruit in that abundance as before ; and it alway withers , and decayes more and more , till it be quite removed . Now , as it is in this case with a tree ; will you know when it is dead ? take it in the Spring . All the trees in Winter seem to be dead , but come in the Spring , and in Summer , and then if a man see there are no leaves , if he see no fruit upon the tree , now he concludes it is dead indeed : because it brings not forth fruit in the season of fruit . So , take a man , when there is an occasion , an opportunity , to turn to folly ; when upon deliberation and judgment , he may consider of that opportunity to mannage it for the service of sin , it will appear now if he be dead , he will not in such an occasion yeeld , but at such a time especially resist sin , at such a time he will not bring forth the fruit of sin . Look what the Spring is to the tree , that is occasion to the sinfulness of mans heart . Indeed when sin takes a man upon disadvantage , upon unequal terms , that he deliberates not , and considers not what he is doing : as David saith , I said in my hast ; then many times sin prevails , and binds him , as a theef doth the master of the house , hand and foot : yet nevertheless when he well weighs , and considers things , at such a time it will appear that sin is dead . Thus you see how sitly the terms hold to express the change of a Christian , his judgment is right , he condemns sin as death , in the purpose and covenant of his heart whereby he is bound to God , he disposeth it from its dominion and rule , that what it doth now is as a theef by stealth , that surprizeth a man in his sleep ; And it hath its deadly wound , whereupon it withers , and decayes , and at last in the sight of all men , and at such a time , when if there were any life it would appear , at such a time it shall appear that sin is dead . Thus you see the first expression opened , the change from sin by death ; you are dead to sin . Now take the second expression , you are alive to God , that expresseth the second part of sanctification , that this , the quickning of a man to newness of life . It is with thee now , as with one that was dead , and is alive , there is such a change in thee . And how is this expressed by life ? Thus ; in three respects this change is fitly expressed by life . The first is this , you know life it consists in the union of a man , with the principle of life ? when there is a union between the body , and the soul , here is life . Now though there are bodies , and spirits , yet the bodies live not by those spirits , except they be united with them : therefore when the soul is separated from the body , the ●…ody dies , and the man is said no more to be a live : so here in this fence , when there is a union between the soul of a man , and the principle of spiritual life , then there is that change wrought , whence he is said to be alive . Now the principle of spiritual life is only Christ ; so you see here in the Text , you are alive to God through our Lord Jesus Christ , when there is a union between Christ and you . And how is that ? It is by an influence from Christ into the soul , and that is the mighty work of the Spirit of God , as you see Joh. 6.63 . It is the Spirit that quickneth , saith our Saviour . The great work that is wrought by the Spirit in quickning a man , is the work of Faith. Now I live , saith the Apostle , by faith in the Son of God , that dyed for me , Gal. 2.20 . Now when there is such a union between Christ and a man , then he lives ; there is such a change in him , as there is in life . Therefore beloved , this change is not in any that profess the knowledge of Christ , and have not yet union with Christ . It is not enough that a man be called a Christian : it is not enough that a man prosess that he hopes to be saved by Christ ; It is not enough that a man go on in some external actions as other Christians do , unless that he doth , and that he is in any spiritual a 〈◊〉 on , it be by vertue of his union with Christ , that it be by life received from him by a quickning vertue flowing from him to every member , that is exprest , Joh. 15.9 . by the branches in the Vine , they are quickned by union in the Vine , cut the branches from the Vine , and they die , and wither . So it is with men ; let hem be in the Lords Vineyard , yet if they be not united with this Vine Christ , they are but dead men , dead in trespasses and sins , Ephes . 2.1 . that is the first . Secondly , this change is exprest by life in another respect : for look as in life there is not only an union with the principle of life , but besides that , there are those living actions , and operations that naturally flow from that union in every living creature : so in spiritual life , there are spiritual actions , and operations that flow from every man that is thus united to Christ . As every thing is in being , so it is in working : take a natural man , he doth naturalactions , by vertue of a natural life . Take a worldly man , he doth live , ( as a man may say ) in worldly actions , by vertue of that worldly principle that is in him . So take a spiritual man ; what is the reason he delights in spiritual things ? His delight is in the Law of the Lord , as David saith , and in that Law be meditates day and night . What is the reason his delight is in the Saints ; and the more spiritual any one is , the more he delights in them ? the reason is this , because he lives a spiritual life , therefore he doth actious agreable to that principle with which he is united ; therefore by this you shall know it . Thirdly , there are certain properties in life that hold in this too , and we will instance but in two . First , wheresoever there is life , there is a natural appetite , and desire after all means that may preserve that life . Wheresoever God gives life to any creature , he gives also a desire to that creature to preserve that life it hath which is the best state of being . Now , it is so with a Christian , all his desires are to preserve spiritual life , and to increase it : he rests not in what he hath , but labours to be more yet , and to do more yet , to know God more , to love God more , to serve God better ; to live more fruitfully , more profitably among men . He delights in the actions of spiritual life : therefore he would strengthen those habits by all actions , and industry , and indevour . As new-born babes , faith the Apostle , desire the sincere milk of the Word , that ye may grow thereby . No sooner is there life in a new-born babe , but there is a desire to ●…ourish that life . You see there is a natural appetite even in the very trees , that thrust their roots down into the ground , to draw moysture below from the earth , by an instinct to preserve that life they have in the stock , and in the branches . So it is in every man that hath a spiritual life , he puts forth with all industry for all spiritual helps , according to that strength he hath for the preservation of his spiritual life . That is the reason why they are not content , in the abundance of all outward things , when they want spiritual helps : and that is the reason that they are not satisfied , nor solace themselves in dead , worldly , company ; that is the reason their hearts rest not in things below ; because these are not the food of their spiritual life ; these are not the things that preserve that life that is in them . Secondly , as there is a desire of the preservation of life , so there is a desire of propagation , and transfusion of it to others , as much as may be . So you see those things that have but a metaphorical life ( as we may say ) that are said to live by way of allusion , and metaphor , as the fire in the coal , when it is said to live in the coal , it is for this reason , because it is apt to kindle another . It is so in a Christian , wheresoever there is spiritual life , there is a desire to communicate it with as many as it can . And this you see in all the servants of God , Philip calls Nathaniel , Joh. 1.44 . when he bad gained the knowledge of Christ . And the woman of Samaria goes to call in the City when she had gained the knowledge of Christ . When a man himself is united with the principle of life , when he lives in Christ , he desires that others may live in Christ too ; and this desire , and endeavour to gain many to Christ , it appears in their place , and relation . A Christian master that lives a spiritual life , will labour that his servants under him may live the life of grace with him too . A Christian Father will labour that his children may live to God , as well as himself : a Husband will labour to draw his Wife to Christ as himself is drawn ; and every one , father and friend , and acquaintance , as much as in them lies , by any advantage and opportunity that is put into their hands , they will draw others to Christ because there is life in them . And this is not done out of faction , out of a desire to make their party strong , as many in the world desire to strengthen their party : but as in living things there is a natural desire to convey that life to others . Parents begat not children out of faction to increase the party , but out of a natural affection to convey the natural life they have to others : so Christians , that they do is out of spiritual affection , out of simple have to the salvation of others : out of a naturalness in their disposition , to indeavour that all may be like them . As the Apostle Saint Paul wisheth , that all that heard him were like him except those bonds ; So much for that : you see how fitly the Apostle useth these terms of life , and death , to express the change of one that is in Christ , when he turns from sin to God. Now we come to see the order wherein the Apostle expresseth them , make account of this , conclude of this , that you were dead , but are alive . First , you were dead to sin , and then alive to God. These certainly are knit together , but they are done in order : so we joyn both these points in one , and that is thus much ; that , All that are in Christ , he works in them by his spirit in this order , they first die to sin ; and after live to God. These two are inseparable , but yet they are joyned in order , that first men die to sin , and secondly live to God. The Scripture expresseth this in fit similitudes . Ephes . 4.22 , 24. faith the Apostle there , Seeing you have put off the old man , that is corrupt through deceivable lusts , and put on the new man , that after God is created in righteousness , and true holiness : Here is the order , there is not only an effectual change , but this is wrought in a method , first putting off , and then putting on . He seems to allude to apparel there , that as a man that is cloathed with rags , he puts not on ornaments , and robes , till he have put off his rags , as it is Zach. 3. when Jehoshua came before the Angel of the Lord with filchy garments , with vile rayments , faith the Lord , take away those rags , and put upon him change of rayment . Just thus God deals in the conversion of a man , in the change of a man that is in Christ , he takes away his filthy rags first , his love to sin , he is no more cloathed with them as he was wont ; he accounts them not or naments as they were wont to do , but filthy clouts , to which he faith , Get ye hence ; he detests them , and then he is clothed with rayment , then he expresseth the fruit of holiness and righteousness . Another expression there is , Ephes . 5.8 . Ye were darkness , but now ye are light in the Lord , walk as children of light . There is not only a change of apparel ; that is , from rags to robes , but of your state and condition : you were in darkness , now ye are light . Mark the order , from darkness to light . That look as it was in the Creation , first darkness covered the face of the deep , Gen. 1. all was without form , and void , and then God said , Let there be light : so now , first there is a removing of the darkness the soul was held in , and now ye are light in the Lord : so they come to walk as children of light . Well , this is the expression of it in Scripture : let us see the ground of it in reason . It must be so that in this order God proceeds in this effectual change : first to turn men from sin , and then to GOD ; first to die to sin , and then to live to God. The first reason shall be taken from our union with Christ ; We are planted into Christ , faith the Apostle , Rom. 6.4 , 5 , 6. By being planted with Christ , there grows a similitude between Christ and us . We are baptized , and buried by baptisme , saith the Apostle , into his death ; and we are raised and quickned , faith he , by the resurrection of Christ : that like as it was with Christ , so it is with us ; He was dead , and raised , so we are first dead to sin , and then alive to God. Secondly , it must be so from the nature of contraries , for these two things are contrary one to another : there is an immediate opposition between them , so as there must be a removing of the one , if there be a possession of the other ; and there must be first a removing of the one , before the other can be in the soul . As you see in sickness , and in health ; there must first be a removing of sickness , before the body be in a right state of health . And as in life and death , this is the order ; they are brought first from death to life , and then one necessarily followes the other : as life necessarily followes upon the removal of death , and health , upon the removal of sickness . Thirdly , it must be so ; or else if both these were not , and in this order wrought : what difficulty were there in the life of a Christian ? what singular thing were there in a Christian , above any man in the world ? Every man in the World doth outward actions ; if there were not such a change as from death to life , there were no difference at all , where were the difficulty ? The Scripture saith , The way is narrow and strait that leads to life , and few there be that find it : what narrowness or straitness were there in the way to life ? if there were no more but thus , that a man might settle upon some actions of Religion , and so be effectually changed ? If this were all , what great matter were there in Religion ? what need Agrippa stand out in the mid-way ? what need he be but half perswaded to be a Christian ? he might easily be perswaded to be a Christian , if he might hold his Heathenisme , and be a christian too . What need Foelex tremble , to hear Paul dispute of righteousness and judgment to come , if he might be unrighteous , and a Christian too ? What need the young man be sorry , when Christ bad him sell all and follow him ; if he might hold all he had , and be worldly affected , and be a Christian too ? what need any of the labours of a Christian ? to what use were a power of godliness , spoken of in Scripture ? What powerful matter were there in Religion , if a man might hold his sins , and yet be a Christian , and a beleever , and be in Christ too ? a drunkard , and yet be saved ? a prophaner of the Sabbath , and yet be in Christ ? what great matter were there ? it were nothing to be a Christian ; nay who would not be one ? What need Saint Paul expose himself to such watchings , and fastings , and sufferings , if he might have gone on in the way of the World , and yet be in Christ too ? No beloved , it is another-gates matter to be a Christian , then for a man to hold his old customes , and wayes , and courses , and yet hope to be saved too . Let no man deceive himself with this , the matter of Christianity , it is a laborious work , Religion is a very serious thing . A man that indeed will be Religious , he must follow Christs rule ; first deny himself , and take up his Cross and follow him : what need a man deny himself , if he might hold his sins , and yet follow Christ ? Well know this , the ground is clear , there must be a turning from sin , as wel as a turning to God , if a man have union with Christ . Now to conclude , with a word of application ; First , if it be so , It serves to convince us this day in the presence of God , the multidude of us now before the Lord to hear the Word , and profess our union with Christ , and yet there is no such matter . If we were united with Christ , there would be living to God , by vertue of that union with Christ . It is living to God in the course of our life , that gives us comfort of our union with Christ . Deceive not your selves , we may say of many , as the Lord saith of Sardis , Thou hast a name to live , but art dead . There are abundance that have a name to live , but are dead : A man wonld wonder at it , that we should say to a Congregation of so many people ; that there were few alive among them all : that the most whose eyes are now upon the Minister , and whose eares are open to the Word ; yet they are but dead , they are not alive , though they walk , and though they speak and do the actions of a natural life ; they live naturally , but are dead spiritually , they have a name to live , but are dead . The Lord tells Jeremy , Jerem. 5. That there was such want of good men in Jerusalem , that he might go up and down the Stteets of Jerusalem , and not find a man. A man would wonder that the Lord should use such an expression ; He might have said , he should not find a good man , a just man , a godly man ; but not find a man saith he , as if he were not worthy the name of a man in the Streets of Jerusalem , that was not appliable and conformable to Gods will. That a man should go in the Streets of London , and not find a man ; that he should go into Moore-fields on the Sabbath day , and see a multidude of dead Ghosts walking there ; that he should go in the Streets , and see a multitude of dead persons sitting at their doors : that he should go up and down to the houses of men , and see a multitude of dead creatures talk of worldly things on the Lords day : a man would wonder he should find so many dead men , eating , and drinking , and talking , and walking , and yet dead still . The Text makes it clear here , If we be not dead unto sin , we are not alive to God ; there is no being alive to God , except a man be first dead to sin . Shall we come to the trial ? Beloved , there we shall find among the many of you that hear the Word , many are dead in sin . What means the prophanation of the Sabbath ? what means the great neglect of Family-duties ? Come to your houses there be not the prayers of living men there ; there be not the meditations , and conferences of men that are spiritually alive in your Families ; and shall we think you are alive ? Come to men in their shops , and dealings , and see them dead in their worldliness , and covetousness ; and shall we say they are alive to God ? Alas beloved , go to the particulars of mens lives , you shall hear them speak the words of dead men , spiritually dead ; in swearing , and cursing , and reviling , and blaspheming , and bitterness ; and yet shall we say that they are alive ? Look upon all the actions of men , it were an endless work ; where we find dead works , we conclude there is a dead man : when men do the things that are the actions of a man spiritually dead , we conclude they are spiritually dead ; the Holy Ghost saith so , for they are dead in trespasses and sins ; therefore now let us come a little closer . There are abundance that perswade themselves that they are alive ; therefore a little try your life , by your death to sin . What are your opinions , and judgments , concerning your own wayes ? those things that the Word of God condemns for evil : those things that out of the Word are preached to you daily by way of reproof of sin ; that are spoken to you by Christian friends , by way of admonition to bring you out of your sins , how do you take them , and digest them ? are they pleasing to you , because they tend to the killing of sin ? or are they distasteful , because they give you not rest in your sins ? What ; do you judge sin worthy to live , and your selves not dead the while ? It is a note of a man that is alive in sin , that hates reproof ; that hates him that reproveth in the gate ; he that hates him that reproves his ill works , he is not dead to sin , for he doth not judge his sin worthy to die . Again , come to your assections , what is it you delight in ? When a man looks upon a thing that is dead , if it be indeed dead ; the sight of it is terrible , and gastly , and troublesome to him . When Sara was dead , though Abraham loved her dear in her life , remove my dead out of my sight ? If sin in thee be as a dead thing , how dost thou look upon it ? dost thou look upon it as a thing that thou art afraid of ? as a thing that thou art the worse when thou seest it . When the objects and occasion of sin are presented to you , how stand you affected then ? all that are dead in sin , take thought to fulfil the lusts of the flesh , as the Apostle saith , they delight in it , sin is sweet to them , as Job saith : but if on the otherside you look on it with indignation , loathing , and detesting , and abhorring sin , and your selves for sin ; then it is a comfortable sign of your death to sin . Again , when you do look on it , do you look upon it as a ruler , or as an enemy ? for there is a great deal of difference . A theif was come into the house , as well as the master of the house ; but they come not with the like authority , nor with the like acceptance : the thief comes , but you know all the house sets against him , and never rest till they cast him out ; and if they want strength , they cry for help : but the Master of the house comes in , and then all the servants are in their places to do him service , all take care to please him , and give him content . How entertain you the motions of sin ? look upon your former wayes , upon your former customes , and vanities ; look upon your wonted course of ill , and consider now whether there be an endeavour to satisfie the sinful inclination of your hearts ? or is there a striving , and using all means to be rid of it ? Do you make this your question to the Ministers you converse with , to the Christian friends with whom you consult in this case , how to be rid of such a corruption , how to get such a sin purged out ? Is this the matter of your prayer to God : do you cry to Heaven for help , to get out this theif , that is stollen into your hearts , this traytor that conspires against the glory of God , this rebel , that maintains a fight against the kingdom of Christ , do you so look on it ? It is a sign you are dead to sin , or else sin is alive in you , and you are dead in sin . Thirdly , and lastly , consider your actions , consider your conversation ; doth sin get strength , or is it weakened ? For know that this is not the mortification of sin , that a man be never troubled with it more , that he never hear more of it , that he be never more troubled with the motions of sin , no ? As a man that hath a deadly wound given him , it may be he more fiercely sets on him that gave him the deadly blow , then ever before ; yet he falls dead at his feet after , so it is with the motions of sin : think not when sin is dead , by vertue of our union with Christ , that we shall not be tempted any more to sin , that you shall not have sin any more in you : no , it will be in you , and molest you ; But what fruit do you bring forth ? What actions do you ? what strength hath sin ? all the strife it hath , is but to disquiet , and disturb you , not to rule and command you as it was wont to do . It is a sign that sin is dead naturally , by way of incoation , it will die in the end , you shall hear no more of it at the last : and though it a great while disturb you , and disquiet you ; yet this is your comfort you are disturbed , and you maintaine Gods quarrel against your corruptions , and fight against it : it is a sign it hath a deadly blow . Therefore let every one consider his estare , let no man deny himself his own portion : let him that is dead in sin , know that he is dead , and the wretchedness of that condition , eternal death begins in that death . And let him that is dead to sin , know that he is alive to God , and is among those that live in Christ , and shall be saved . A word of exhortation , and so I conclude . Doth this testifie our life in Christ , that we are dead to sin ? Then as you hope for any comfort , or priviledge , or advantage by Christ ; labour to make this good to your souls , and labour to secure this evidence more and more , that you are dead to sin . There are none that hears me this day , but they profess they hope to be saved by Christ , and they look for no other name under Heaven to be saved by , but the name of Jesus . It is certain , but who will Christ save ? they are such as whom he sanctisies ; and will he sanctisie such as by union with him are dead to sin , and alive to God ? Then I beseech you make this good to your selves , strive more , and more to kill sin ; take this as a quickning argument , that you are in Christ , and therefore you must be conformable to Christ . Saith the Apostle , He bore our sins in his body on the Tree , 1 Pet. 2.24 . that we might be dead to sin , and live to righteousness : Why did Christ bear your sins in his body upon the Tree ? but for this very end ; that as he died for sin , you might die to sin . Now that we may perswade you , know that it is upon special ground , you lose nothing , but get much by it ; the more you die to sin , the less you lose by it . First , you shall not lose any thing that is comfortable , and good , you shall not lose life by it ; nay indeed the more you sin , the more you die ; every sin is deadly and mortal , every sin tends to your destruction , to the taking away of life , this is certain . Therefore look as a man when he is in a mortal dangerous disease , that every man concludes , if the disease prevail he will die ; nay , it hath so far prevailed , that it will be the death of him : you need no more to perswade him to spend all his estate upon Physitians to cure that disease . Now the sins that you cannot endure should be reproved , that you cannot abide to reform ; they will be death in the end , your eternal death , therefore labour especially against them : When we diswade you from sin , and perswade you to purge outsin , we perswade you to your cure , to be free from your disease , to be free from that that will end in death . You shall not lose any rest and peace by it : the more you mortisie sin , the more rest and peace you shall have ; nay , the more sin rules , the less rest and peace , There is no peace to the wicked : but they are as the troubled waves of the Sea , that alway foam , and cast up mire and dirt , as the Prophet speaks , such is the restless agitation of a man that goes on in sin , he is ever restless , and unquiet . Would you have peace , and quiet ? get out sin that hinders all peace and quiet . Again , you shall not lose outward good things , not credit , and name , and esteem . Nay , what dishonours you , and exposeth you to reproach , and shame , and obliquie , is it not sin ? For , what is it that men are evil spoken of , is it not for this , and that particular evil ? Do you love your name ? avoid sin , sin will end in shame , it is the issue , the fruit of it . God will give you honour with his servants , nay , even in the hearts of the wicked . You know the more men strive to mortifie their sins , the more the world reproacheth them ordinarily : but we must not judge what men do in their jollity and in their passion ; but what themselves do , when they are upon the wrack of a trouhled conscience , upon their death-bed , oh then if they might die the death of the righteous , oh then they would they had lived the life of the righteous , or any thing then , if they had been like such a one whom they scorned . This gained esteem of John in Herods heart . Again , you shall not lose your wealth , your estate : all losses of estate that are judgments , and punishments , they are but the fruits of sin , you shall keep your estate , and keep it with comfort , as far as it is good for you , your sins provoke God , even to curse your blessings . You shall not lose your pleasure if you part with sin ; nay , you shall gain pleasures . All sorrow , and grief of heart , and disquiet of spirit , that ariseth from terrour of conscience , are they not hence , because of sin ? Would you have joy , and pleasure unspeakable , and glorious ? part from sin , that is the cause of sorrow . When we bid you part with sin , we speak to you to part with a needless thing , it is a superfluity , as well as hurtful , superfluity of malice , what need one sin in the world ? cannot you live , and be happy without it ? cannot you live comfortably , and die blessedly without sin ? Nay , is it not that that hinders your blessedness and happiness ? The Angels in heaven they are blessed , because they are without sin : but those of them that sinned , they are reserved in chains of darkness , to the judgnent of the great day . Adam in Paradise , in the state of innocencie ; he was blessed , he was without sin : but as soon as he sinned , he was cast out of Paradise ; and a Cherubin set with a flaming sword , to keep the way of the Tree of life , that man should not come at it . You your selves , the best comfort , the best peace , the best evidences you have , are those that do arise from your hatred of sin . Therefore do but consider how needless a thing it is . Can you get any thing by it ? can you live a day longer , or an hour more happy ? can you be a whit better by it ? If you could enjoy any present good by sin , there were somewhat to be pleaded : but what is it ? you get a little wealth by unrighteousness , is it gain ? Job saith , their belly shall be filled with gravel . If a man sill his belly with gravel , what hath he gotten by it ? you will get that that you must cast up again : you get that that one day you will wish you had never known : as Israel when they turned to God , they should say of their garments of silver and gold , that they had made for their Idols , Get you hence . So every worldly man that raiseth his estate by unrighteous means , the time will come that he shall wish all the money that he hath gotten were in the bottome of the Sea , that he had never known what a penny , or a house , or apparel had meant , that he hath gotten , or made , or appropriate to himself by any unrighteousness whatsoever . What Use is there of it ? And will you lose your souls for that that is nothing ? and will you lose heaven for that that is needless ? and eternal happiness for that that will not do you a moment of time , not a little present good , not a little present ease , not a little present comfort ? But lastly , the great benefit that redounds by it , that is spoken of in the Text , it is that you shall live , and live to God. The more you die to sin , the more you shall live to God through Jesus Christ . Now we come upon a strong motive to perswade you to set more heartily against those evils that are daily reproved , the more you die to them , the more you shall live to God. Suppose the work of repentance be a hard task , suppose it should be somewhat painful ; suppose it be something that vex and disquiet the natural spirit of man : as there is pain in repentance , and mortification of sin , yet nevertheless if you may get eternal life by it , is it not worth the while ? Consider what you do for natural life , suppose a member of the body be gangrened ; that it is in danger to be spread over the whole body , and the taking away of natural life , the loss of a hand , and the loss of any member , though it be never so useful , rather then the body shall be in danger , and a man deprived of life , you will lose a useful member : and when you have done , you do it but in hope to preserve life : for you are not sure when you have cut off that member to live a day after : but yet because it is possible , because it is the way to natural life : and yet if you have that life granted , suppose for term of years , as Hezekiah had for fifteen years , yet it is but a natural life , a life full of misery , a life exposed to many vexations and disquiets , a life that hath so many troubles in it , that men in the best estate of health with sometimes that they were dead , through disquiets , and troubles , and yet for the preservation of a troublesome life , if you were sure of that , you would lose a member . I know when we come , and speak of renouncing your former wayes , your cove ousness , and prophaneness , and pride , and vanity , and wickedness in any kind , we speak of cutting off of hands , of members of the body , they are so dear : therefore Christ saith , If thy hand off end thee cut it off ; if thine eye off end thee pull it out ; it is better to go to heaven with one hand , then to hell with both . This I say , I know you apprehend it a hard lesson , there is no life , no Christ , without such a death to sin . Yet it is a truth , and a necessary truth for you to know , and therefore consider it , and that seriously what you lose . If we come and perswade you to cut off some useful member , yet you yeeld to that for a natural life : you wil cut off a hand that is as useful as any member of the body : but we bid you cut off superfluous members , those needless members , the members of sin that will be your death . We would have you but to be rid of the Ulcer , that is all we would have you deprived of , to preserve spiritual life , and to live to God. If I were to speak for a natural life , it were but temporal , it were but upon conjecture : but we speak for a life upon certainty , When we perswade you to die to sin , that you may live to God ; we assure you that this will certainly follow on it , you shall live to God , if sin die in you , and we speak not only upon certainty , but for eternity too , you shall do it for eternity too , you shall do it for eternity : it is not a life that ends . Nay , we speak for a life wherein there is true happiness , that hath no mixture of misery to make you weary , but a life that hath perfect peace and joy : a life that hath blessedness begun , and shall have blessedness perfected in heaven : this life we perswade you to live . Consider now what we say , if there were more , you shall live to God the more you die to sin , Skin for skin ( faith Job ) and all that a man hath he will give for his life : but if it be such a life as this , to live to God , a spiritual life ; what ? to live as the Angels do , that live with God! to live as the Saints in Heaven , that live in the fruition and sight of God , wherein they are blessed ! such a life we perswade you to . A life infinitely above this , if this life had all the contentment the earth could give it , it were not worthy to be compared , though a man might live a thousand years in the confluence and abundance of all prosperity , it were not to be compared with one moment of the happiness of the spiritual life that we shall life in for all eternity with Christ . Now consider , take things , and compare them together ; here is such a particular sin that I was given to , to pride , to covetousness , to prophaneness , to wickedness of this fort or of that fort , if I go on in it , I die eternally , I lose God , and heaven , and my soul , and happiness : what shall I get by this when I have done it ? I gratifie Satan , I destroy my soul , I have lost my self and am undone for ever . And what a madness is this for a man to venture the eternal ruin and destruction of himself , and that for a thing of nothing , for that that will make him miserable now , and more miserable eternally . Consider , and know to whom I speak , I speak to you that have heard the Word , and many times received the Sacrament . What did you when you received the Sacrament ? was it not a pledge to you of your interest in Christ , and of your union with him ? and that Christ is as truly united with you , as that you eat and drank ? Now let it appear , make you account , whatsoever you were before , make you account , reckon ye , go not by guess and say , I hope it will be better with me then it hath been ; no , but reckon , conclude , made account , I must be another man , I may not be what I was , I must leave those things that are ill ; I must apply my selfe to another course ; Indeed I walked in a way of enmity to the wayes of God , in estraingement from God , in worldly wicked wayes , but it must not now be so , I must make account now that Christ is mine , I am now dead to sin , and therefore dead to sin , that I may live to God : if there be any life of grace in me , it will appear by my death to sin . I must make account of this , I must do this ; and this is the best way of making a right use of the Sacrament . Why are men as bad after the Sacrament as before ? because they reckon not , they make not account for themselves , that they are dead to sin . Make account you have received life from Christ , and you must act that life ; and now set your selves to it , reason with your own hearts , why do I thus , and thus ? As Ezra reasons , Ezra . 9.13 . Lord since thou hast kept us from being beneath for our iniquities , should we sin more ? So consider , hath the Lord kept me from hel , and admitted me to his Table , where he hath spoken peace to me , he hath spoken reconciliation in Christ , shall I return to sin against him ? certainly he will be more angry now then ever he was before : the sins that I commit now , will be greater then all the sins I have committed hitherto ; for now I sin against more grace , and against greater mercy : for God hath again renewed the Covenant of peace , whereas he might have cast me off for my former breach , and shall I provoke him again ? hath the Lord washed me , and shall I defile my self again ? God forbid . Reason with your selves , I must not be as I was : it is not for me to do as others that know not God , and that are not in Covenant with God , or as I was wont to do before ; I know what it is to bind my self in covenant , to receive the Sacrament , I must be in another fashion , and course of life , then ever I have been . Therefore when temptations come to sin : for you must not think to be rid of all motions , and temptations to sin : and whensoever there comes new temptations , not to conclude you have received the Sacrament in vain , say not so , but rather say , now comes the tryal ; this is that whereby God will try what fruit comes , of the cost and pains , and mercies he hath bestowed on me ; here is a messenger sent for fruit , If I can withstand the commands of sin , and resist the motions , and look on it as a hateful thing , I make it manifest that I am indeed dead to sin , as the Scripture saith here , reckon that you are dead to sin . Therefore as when a man is delivered from being a Galley-slave under the Turks , and his ransome is paid : if his old Master come , and command him to the Galleyes : he saith no , my ransome is paid , I am free , and I will not any more be a slave . So reckon thou art no more to be such as thou wert wont to be : for now reckon your selves saith the Apostle , if you be in Christ , that you are dead to sin , and alive to God , through Jesus Christ our Lord. HOPES ANCHOR-HOLD OR THE HELMET OF SALVATION . SERMON XXXVIII . 1 COR. 15.19 . If in this life only we have hope in Christ , we are of all men most miserable . I Will not detain you with the Argument of this Chapter ; nor in the Coherence of this Scripture . The scope of it ( in a word ) is thus much . If in this life , in this World , onely , for the present , we have hope and confidence in Christ , and the aim of our confidence , and the height of our hope reach no further , then we , we poor Christians ; we the faithful in the World , we are of all men most miserable ; yea , we are more miserable than any other men . The words contain in them two parts of a Hypothetical Proposition ; of which the first is an Antecedent ( as we call it , ) and the other is the Consequent . You may call the first , a Condition , and the last , a Conclusion . The Antecedent or Condition , is this ; If in this life onely we have hope in Christ ; What then ? then the Consequent or Conclusion is this ; then are we of all men the most miserable . But now against the Antecedent , there ariseth this Assumption to make up the sence , to make it perfect ; But not in this life onely have we hope in Christ ( for that is the meaning of the Apostle , ) therefore against the Consequent ariseth this Conclusion : Therefore we are not of all men the most miserable , nay , we are not miserable at all . You see here are terms in the Text of great consequence ; here is life , here is hope , here is Christ , here is men , here is misery , and here is all things almost that can be said , either concerning Heaven , or earth . Now mark , it is not said , If in this life we have hope , we are miserable ; neither , if we have hope in Christ in this life then are we miseable ; not so : but if our hope be onely in this life , and stick there , and go no further then so , then we are miserable . There are two Emphatical terms in the Text we must take notice of , and that is onely in the former part , and most of all in the latter part : only in the former part , that straitneth , and restratheth our hope ; most of all in the latter part , that inlargeth our misery : and so it may well , for when the hope is restrained to the present , there the misery may be infinitely inlarged . But not for the present is our hope ; only for the present , ergo , &c. I need say no more , it is the Text. I shall raise to you six several Consectaries , or Corrollaries , or Conclusions , that naturally arise out of this Scripture ; and I purpose at this time to run them all through ; it must be roundly , it shall be plainly ; do you hear patiently . The first Assertion we make out of the Text , it is this ; that , The faithful are hopeful . The godly have hope ; we have hope , that is taken for granted . The second , concerneth the object of this hope ; and the Point is this ; that , Christ is the object of the Christians hope . We have hope in Christ . The third , is touching the time of our hope , and that is for this life ; the Lesson is this ; that The life-time , it our hope-time . We have hope in this life . The fourth is ; that , Hope in this life , it is not onely of the things of this life . Not only of this life ; for if in this life only we have hope : oh no , take that away , our hope in this life , is not onely set upon the things of this life . If in this life onely ; not so . Fistly , this life , you see how that standeth convertible with another term in the Text , with misery ; shewing thus much ; that , This life is miserable . The last is ; that , The faithful , the hopeful , they are not of all the most miserable , they are not miserable at all . Then were we miserable , but the former being not true , that cannot be true . These are the six Points . Of which , to content my self with a touch of them as I pass along , and so onely to present them severally unto you , I begin with the first ; that , The faithful , they are hopeful . We have hope , so are the words ; Faith is the evidence of things hoped for , so saith the Apostle , Heb. 11.1 . And they that have access through this Grace , they rejoyce in hope of the glory of God : they go joyned together . Hope is a constant expectation of the performance of such promises of God , as we apprehend out of his Word , by faith . For example . Faith , doth beleeve Gods promises to be true ; Hope , doth expect the performance of them according to that truth . By Faith , we beleeve God to be our Father ; by Hope , we expect that he should shew himself such a one to us . By Faith , we do beleeve eternal life ; by Hope , we attend when this life shall be revealed . Spe , ( as one speaks ) what is it else , but persever antia sidei , the perseverance of Faith. Faith is the Mother , Hope is the Daughter ; the Mother is iucouraged and comforted by the daughter , as Naomi was by Ruth . Hence it is , that the holy Apostle Saint Peter , he ascribeth the salvation of our souls to our faith ; saying , that the end of our faith , is the salvation of our souls : Well and Saint Paul , he assureth the same to belong unto Hope ; saying , we are saved by Hope . So then , Faith saith , I beleeve these blessed promises of God to be true ; and Hope faith , I see them , and I wait for the enjoyment of those things that are reserved for me : Thus Faith , and Hope , are woven one in another : Thus the faithful , are the hopeful : We have Hope . That 's the first Point . The Use of this Point briefly , it shall be but this ; First , to teach us to seek and to find out this Hope in our selves . And secondly to strive and to fight against some impediments that oppose themselves , and are hindrances of this Hope . First , thou must go and seek thy self , and search out and find , whether thou hast this Hope in thee , yea , or no : and thou must be sure , that thou beest so far from being a desperate past-hope , like Cain ; that rather thou beleeve , and hope above hope , with Abraham ; not presumiug , but beleeving as he did . Now then , how a man may know whether he have this Hope in him or no ; I think he may find it out thus , in few words . There are divers temptations , and especially three of a mans faith ; ( not to enlar ge my self further ) in every of which , Hope if it come in and play its part , then it doth appear to be present , to be there . As for example . The first temptation , that is a kind of battery against the strong hold of a mans faith ; it is the prorogation of Gods promises ; He is pleased to put them off longer , and to dispose of them many times other waies then we look for : Hereupon , we that are weak in Faith , we stumble at it ; and we would hasten them on apace , though we know what the Prophet saith , He that beleeveth maketh not hast : But we are such faithless persons , that we hasten on too much , and would have God to come apace to make good his promises . Now when God defers these promises , if a man cometh in with his hope , and faith , The vision is yet for an appointed time , though it tarry , wait ; for that that shall come , will come , and he will not tarry : and though the Lord doth hide himself , ( as it is in the Prophesie of Isaiah ) yet he will return again If Hope will prompt Faith , and tell it that the Lord is not slack as some count slackness , but he will make sure his promise in the end ; then this is a manifest sign to a man that hath his faith thus supported , that Hope is present there . Here is then one search of it . Another time , there is another temptation that betideth a faithful man ; and that comes to pass , by Gods appearing in a manner an enemy , by visiting him in his soul , by wounding his conscience , by setting him in a kind of sight of Hell , when he is distressed in spirit ; as if God were now come out as a man of War against him , and would not have mercy upon him . Now if Hope can come in and say , that God cannot forget to be gracious , nor cannot shut up his loving kindness in displeasure ; and therefore I will endure , and I will stay on the Lord , for He will appear , and He will have mercy upon Zion ; I , when the time , the appointed time cometh . I will stay this time . If I say , Hope thus perswadeth the faithful man of this goodness of God that shall be revealed to him , here is a manifest sign , Hope is present . There is a third temptation that Faith meets withall , and that is concerning the mockings of men in the World , when they deride the profession of Christians and faithful men ; and will say as those profane and profuse fellows in the Epistle of Saint Peter , Where is the promise of his coming ? it is so long since his promise was made , and yet there is none of his coming , Wilt thou still retain thine integrity ? ( right Jobs Wife , as she speaks to him ) wilt thou still retain thy trust ? to what purpose is it ? It is in vain to serve the Lord , ( as those wicked ones speak in Malachy . ) Now if Hope will come in and say , notwithstanding all these things , yet pass by bad report , and good report ; be of Davids mind , I will yet be more vile before the Lord , that chose me before thee and thy fathers house ; and I will stand it out , notwithstanding all the mockings of men . Here is a manifest sign that there is Hope . Thus you may seek to find this grace in your selves ; and you shall find it by many such kind of assaults , as these which Faith meeteth withall . Now as you are to find it , so you are to fight against the hindrances of this Hope . And the hindrances of a mans hope , are sometimes slavish fear ; sometimes an impatient spirit , and sometimes even Death it self , and that is a tedious affront indeed that Hope meeteth withall . First Fear , a kind of passion and perturbation of the spirit of a man , that makes his grief begin , before his affliction comes upon him : this same Fear hath a great deal of painfulness in it . Where the fearful are , they are shut our with the unfaithful ; and without shall be dogs , with those that are subject to this fearfulness . Now Hope cometh to a man and faith , Though I sometime be afraid , yet put I my trust in God , and therefore I will not fear what man can do unto me , I will not be danted with any kind of slavish terrour . Hold out thou that faist thou hast faith , and be not afraid of the Arrow that flies by day , nor of the terrour by night . Here is the hindrance of this hope taken away . Then there is an impatient spirit , that many times possesseth men . An impatient spirit , and a hopeful heart , they are both as contrary as can be ; You shall have many a man so touchy , that he cannot endure any delay , he must have things come according to his own mind , or he loseth his patience presently . Oh but I will patiently wait for the Lord , saith hope . And here is the opposition that must be made for the maintenance of this hope against all kind of impatiency : In patience possesse your souls . The last hindrance , is death . The last enemy that shall be destroyed is death . We have many enemies in this world , our very life is a warfare , but amongst all the fightings and combates we meet with in the world , there is none comparable to this last single combate we must undergo with death it self ; this is a terrible assault that betideth the hopeful , faithful man ; to know that notwithstanding all his faith , and all his hope , and all his love , and all his patience , what grace or vertue soever he hath else , yet not withstanding he must go down to the grave , make his bed in the darkness , and lie down in the dust ; and when he hath fought all that he can , yet not withstanding he must down , he must yeeld , he must take the foyl , the fall in the body howsoever the soul escapeth . Now here is a kind of dismaidment of hope . But I will tell you how it is spoken of the faithful , and so of the hopeful . The faithful are said to endure as seeing him that is invisible : how do they endure ? by the supply of hope : for this hope is it that makes the faithful against all hindrances to fight it out , so as that they would not be delivered , as it is spoken in the Epistle to the Hebrews . And shall death separate us from that we hope for ? No faith the hopeful man , it shall not . Yea , so far he is from being unwilling to submit himself to this way , as knowing it to be the way whereby he cometh to that he hopeth for , as that he is very ready , and greedy of death : it is the way to that I hope for , saith he : therefore it is sweely spoken of an Ancient , and you will acknowledge it to be a sweet sentence of that Father Saint Austin , He that desireth to be dissolved ( according to that of the Apostle ) and to be with Christ . Non patienter moritur , He doth not die patiently . See , here is a faithful , a hopeful man , and yet doth not die patiently : what would the Father say ? He liveth ( saith he ) patiently , the very life he liveth putteth him to his patience ; when he cometh to die , he dyeth pleasantly ; he goeth away with his hope , and his hope is full of immortality . And no more for that point . The next thing I observe , is concerning the Object of this hope , and this is it ; that , Christ is Object of the Christians hope . We have hope in Christ . Hear it in the general ; hear it in the speciall . In the general , 1. Tim. 1.1 . Saint Paul he beginneth his Epistle with Christ our hope , Col. 1.27 . The riches of the mystery of Gods grace to the Gentiles , is Christ in you the hope of glory . Here is Christ our hope , and Christ your hope , in the general . In the special : hear it in Saint Paul , hear it in the prophets , and others . Saint Paul , to me to live is Christ , to die is gain ; Christ is to me in life , and death advantage ; living , or dying , I am Christs . I have hoped in the Lord , faith the Prophet David . And God is my hope , and hath been my help even from my youth . This is the general song of the whole Church , God is our hope ; and therefore the Prophet Jacob made an excellent Ejaculation in those blessings he gave his sons , when he said , Oh Lord , I have waited for thy salvation : Here was his waiting , his hope for the salvation of God , from the God of his salvation . And so , let him slay me if he will ( saith holy Job ) yet not withstanding I will still trust in him . Thus the faithful have hope , and their hope is in Christ . No more of it for the enlargement of it . It sheweth to us in the first place this Note , that A Christians wings do mount him above all means . What are his wings ? his hope , Whither slyeth his hope ? It takes its flight up to heaven , to God , to the right hand of God , to Christ , there is his hope . So then he that hath this hope being poor , he flyeth not to riches , for they make themselves wings , and fly away from him . Being weak he flyeth not to the arm of flesh , for in man there is no hope , nor no confidence to be put in Princes , in the Ballance they are lighter then vanity it self , faith the Psalmist . Being sick he flyeth not to the Physitian , he fleeth to these as the means , not to rest in them , to make it the main of his aim , the scope of his hope , he doth not fly thus to them , but he goeth to God that commandeth all , that worketh above all , against all and without all means , and sanctifieth all these means : Therefore well saith the poor man , God is my help , and the sick man , God is my health ; and the weak man , God is my strength ; and the blind man , Christ is my light ; and even the dead man , the distrest man , God is my life , and the good man , Christ is my Hope , and the happy man , Christ is my love . And so it is to Christ , that the wings of a mans Hope doth lift him up . This is the first . It sheweth us that the wings of Hope that is in the faithful soul , lifteth him up above all means . No more of that . Secondly , observe in this object , the very Crown of a Christians comfort , I say the Crown of all his comfort ; and that cometh only from this object of his hope . For what is there in all the World that can comfort a man indeed besides this , much less compared with this ? Begin where you will , when you have gone round about , you will conclude with that of the Apostle , I count all things but loss and dung , in comparison of Christ , and all things to be vanity and vexation of spirit , as the preacher saith . Put the case thou art a sick man , or a sick woman , and I find thee much affected , afflicted , dejected , cast down in thy self ; I would fain give thee some comfort now , I tell thee of the vanity of this present life ; therefore being content , I tell thee of the hope of of a better life ; I tell thee of the joyes that are to be revealed ; I tell thee of the promises of God which he will make good to thee , if thou wilt trust in his mercy ; I tell thee of all the sure mercies of David , as they are called : and all this while I have told thee nothing at all to comfort thee , till I come to this , the object of this Hope which I have in hand , and that is Jesus Christ , in whom all Gods promises are Yea and Amen ; and till thou canst learn this lesson of life concerning the Lord Jesus , thou hast learned nothing ; come and learn this , and my life for thine thou art then happy , He is the Way , the Truth , and the Life , the Way , and Truth , and life it self , and whither shall I go from thee , Lord ? thou hast the words of eternal life . I have done with that point , and so pass on to the third . We have Hope ; we have Hope in Christ ; we have Hope in Christ in this life . This life-time then is our hope-time ; that is it you learn hence . Here we have the seed of Hope , but the harvest of Hope , that is hereaster : when we shall have in re , what now we have in spe , as ordinarily we speak : when we shall have in possession what now we have in expectation : then there will be no more use of this Grace , there hope shall cease . Now it is indeed in this life time , that we sow the seeds of Prayer , that we plant the roots of Faith , that we water all of them with our hope : when our joy shall spring up , when the end and fruit of our faith shall come , when the possession of our hope shall appear ; then we have done with hope , hope serveth no longer then , therefore it is now in this life . Hope shall end for the action of it ( understand that aright ) as Faith shall ; but it shall never end for the object of it , that end shall last still , and rest ever . Now then in the interim , this is the Prophets , and this is the Princes , and this is the Peoples posse , I wait , and I wait too , and I trust the Lord over all : Now is your posse time as I may call it ; now is the seed time , wherein we sow the seeds of love , of joy , of hope , wherein we sow the seeds of sobriety , and innocency , and chastity , and charity , and all manner of vertues whatsoever , now is the time . Is this so , then here is the issue of this plea : It is this ; that therefore now if ever now or never , we must seek to see whether we have these seeds of Grace in us yea or no ; We must get them , and we must set them , and we must see to them ; both that they come up , and how they come up , and how they come on . Now is the time when the special care must be taken concerning these seeds of Grace . If we will believe , we must believe now , for hereafter there will be no time to believe any more : If we will be children of Grace we must be it now ; for hereafter there will be no space for Grace : therefore faith the Lord , now while he will be found , and he will be found of those that seek him ; and seek him now , for now is the acceptable time , now is the day of salvation : when the date of this day , when the day of this life of salvation is down , is past , then there is no more seeking , then there is no more finding ; therefore if thou wilt be faithful , be it now ; if thou wilt be fruitful , be it now , now we are the Sons of God ; as if he should say , if we be not the Sons of God now , we shall never be . Is this so , add a further degree to this duty in the next place , and that is ; when you have gotten these seeds in you , to examine and prove your selves whether they be there ; not only so , but whether they abide there ; not only so , but whether they live there ; and not only so , but whether they grow and live there : they must not only be , but they must continue there and abide ; and they must not only be , and abide , but they must be alive there and not dead ; and they must not only be alive , but they must thrive too , and not be idle : for if these things be in you , they will make you neither idle nor unfruitful in the work of the Lord. Hast thou Faith ? be sure thou hast it , and then shew me thy faith by the fruits of it , shew me that it is not a dead faith , that faith cannot save thee , do not think it shall , for Saint James explodeth it for a Jest , that any Christian should think so . Hast thou love ? look thou hast it , and let thy love abound ; let thy love be love unfeigned , for as there is a work of faith , so there is a labour of love . Hast thou hope ? let it be stedfast , entring into that within the vail , as an Anchor firm and stable , so the Apostle faith . Hast thou knowledge ? Look it be saving knowledg , sanctifying knowledge ; such as will savour and season all the rest of thy knowledge : And let not thy knowledge be only so , but let it be growing too ; let it thrive and prosper , get more to it , or else thou dost not husband the business well ; thou must go ( according to the phrase of the Holy Ghost in the Psalm ) from strength to strength , as a good Souldier and Commander goeth from one watch-tower to another to see if all be well ; Go from strength to strength , till thou appear before God in Zion . With this the Apostle Saint Peter concludeth his latter Epistle , but grow in grace ; and in the knowledg of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ : this is the duty of a Christian . Wilt thou have Christ to be the object , either of thy faith or hope , and wilt thou not grow then in these ? Non progredi est regredi , Not to go forward is to go backward ; and not to grow the better , is to grow the worse . The contemplation of these two points should teach Christians , a Christian fedulity , to kindle , to keep that grace that is in them ; and it should kill carnal security . 1. A Christian sedulity , a care , a strife , an industry , an endevour to be Christians indeed , to improve their talents ; Let every man in that calling whereto he is called , therein abide ; he must not give it out : Is Archippus called to be a Minister ? then say to Archippus , take heed to the ministry that thou hast received , that thou fulfil it ; and so it belongeth to every man else to perform the duty and office of his place , and not to go backwards , but to use diligence , and endeavour for the increasing of his gifts , that he be not barren , nor unfruitful in Gods Vineyard . 2. It serveth on the other side to kill that carnal security that is in men . It is a strange thing to conceive , that Christians are grown to such security as they are , that they should be so supine and negligent in their services : I say it is a lamentable case ; and I doe wonder the more , that they should be taken with this kind of transgression , when I consider that saying of a Father , that there is security in no place : there is no security in heaven , nor in Paradise , much less in the world ; in heaven the Angels fell ; in Paradise Adam fell ; in the world Judas fell ; Judas , I he fell from the in stitution of the best School , and School-master that ever was in the world ; there is no manner of teacher comparable to him . Therefore I say , mix with thy hope a certain fear , and be so far from a carnal presumption , as that thou maintain in thy self a holy fear of falling , for it hath so come to pass , that Saint Paul indeed was , what he was not , of a persecutor he became an Apostle ; hope lies there away : but Judas was what he did not appear to be , and of an Apostle became an Apostate ; fear lies thereaway . And thou that hopest that of a persecutor , thou maist turn an Apostle ; fear lest by falling away , thou maist of an Apostle become an Apostate , a persecutor . I will not stand upon these things any longer . I have passed three , the fourth Conclusion is ; that , Hope in this life is not only for the things of this life . If in this life only we have hope , then are we miserable ; as if he should have said , if in this life only , for the present , we had hope , and that the end of all our hope , and al our desire , were fixed upon the present world , then were we poor Christians most miserable : for none in the world are more despised , contemned , scorned ; none more afflicted , troubled , grieved in their souls for their sins then they ; alwayes followed with outward sights , with inward frights , when other men enjoy the world at will : so that the scope of this Scripture is to say , that not for this life only have we hope in Christ ; that is the very meaning ; that the godly , the faithful , the hopeful , they have not their portion in this life ; We know when this earthly tabernacle is dissolved , we have a building made with God , a house not made with hands , eternal in the heavens , whose builder and maker is the Lord ; so speaks the Apostle to the Corinths . As for this life , if we should lay the foundation of our hope here ; alas , they might rue their miserable case that so do ; they might hang down their heads , that are godly , with shame and grief enough to themselves , but it is here they set up their hope , here they have hope , but it is hope here for another life ; it is upon other things that their hope is fixed then are here below ; it is for things that they look for , it is not for things that they see , for hope that seeth is no more hope , but if we with patience waite for the things that are not seen , this is hope , saith the Apostle , Rom. 8. So that this is a very plain case , and might be further cleared , and declared to us from the practice , and common opinion of all the Saints of God in all Ages , how they have hoped , and how that their hope was in God ; that they should see the Lord , but where ? in the Land of the Living : here they have a sight too , but the chiefest hope is on the Promise , and that is not for the things of this life only , but for the life to come ; He that putteth his trust in me shall possess the land , and shall inherit my holy mountain ; their hope is in the end , that is of those things that they shall attain in the end of this life . The consideration of this Point , that hope it is not only for the things of this life , may teach us to contend against death it self , which is one of the strongest temptations against hope , as I touched before , and to contemn and despise all the things of this life . It teacheth a man to strive and wrestle and contend against death ? because though a man do die , yet it shall not hinder his hope , it shall not hinder him from that he hopeth to attain . Death is the greatest amazement a man can meet withal in the World , but what can Death do ? well may it take away from a man his life , but it cannot take away from him his love ; well may it take away from him the action of his hope here , it shall cease , but it shall never take away from him the object of his hope , that which he hopeth for , it shall continue ; well may it help him to it , but it can never hinder him from it ; here is then comfort and courage in the very hour , and power of death . 2. A man learneth here to contemn , and to despise the things of this life , specially if they be such manner of things as will come in comparison with their betters , when baser things will compare with better things : in this kind of comparison now a mans hope should take him off , and not so much as suffer him to lean to any kind of reasoning that is made against his hope . Hope biddeth him not to trust , not to look to any thing that is in this life , because it doth not at all concern that which is the aym he hath . The very best things that be in this life , they are not worthy to be hoped for after ; insomuch , that even death it self it may be counted a remedy , and not a penalty . God will have a mans life to be short , and death to come soon ; because he will not have his creature worn out with a tedious misery , and transitory vanity ; a vanity of misery , that is in this vain miserable life of mortality . I have done with the fourth . A fifth thing that followeth in the Text ( that I may hast on ) we have Hope , we have Hope in Christ , we have Hope in Christ in this life ; our hope in this life is not upon the things of this life , for if it were in this life only , it were miserable . Our life is a misery ; There is the fifth . And this is a certain truth , and it will plainly appear to us in many passages ; if we will believe either the Spirit of God , or the experience of the godly , I shall not need to stand to proveit : You will ask me , how it will be raised from this place ? Thus , We are of all men the most miserable , because that we are mentioned amongst the number of those that are the more miserable ; it implieth , that all the rest are miserable more or less : the very comparison that is used , doth manifestly declare unto us that there is a measure of misery to every man living : so then there is misery . 2. It appeareth out of the Text , because here and else-where , you shall have man and misery made terms convertible : Man is named Enoch , and Enoch is misery : Man , and misery so joyned together , that there is no pulling them asunder till death parts them , for then there is no more misery . 3. Because that misery here ; our being miserable in this life , is mentioned even with the very best things of this life : the very best things that are in this life , and of this life , so long as they look to this life , I say they are stiled miserable ; but the best things , even Christ himself , our Hope it self ; say what you can , here is Hope , and here is Christ in the Text , and yet not withstanding here is misery too . Now then we reason thus ; that if the best things in this life be miserable , then the rest are no better then so ; that the best are no better , it is plain ; because let us have what we would have in all the World , yet so long as we are here it is misery . If this be so , then we must come to the conclusion we have made , and that is Jacobs conclusion , Gen. 47.9 . Few and evil have the dayes of the years of my life been , it is Jobs conclusion too , Mans life is full of misery : It is Davids in the Psalms , Mans life is full of labour and sorrow , it is soon cut off , and we fly away ; our dayes come to an end as a tale that is told , they pass away as a shadow , and the beauty , the best of them , withereth as grass : It is Solomons , he was the Preacher , and here is his Text ; all is vain , and vanity , Vanity of vanities , all is vanity , one thing and other , every thing under the Sun , our life it self , our selves , so long as we are here we are under the Sun , he calleth all vanity : And faith the Apostle , This I say Brethren , the time of our life is short : And what is our life saith Saint James ? But a vapour that appeareth for a little while , and then vanisheth away ; it is a vapour that vanisheth , a meoter of misery . What shall we say of this now ? ( to speak it in few words home to our selves , ) somewhat may concern our selves , and somewhat as we respect and reflect upon others , In regard of our selves , it may have this double Vse . First to wean us from the World , Secondly to win us to the Lord. 1. To wean us from the World : The World considered in it self is so full of misery , that there is nothing to be delighted in : there is so much bitterness , that I warrant it will wean any Child from it that is not a worldling , for he indeed is at his own breasts with his own Mother ; But consider the World as it is in it self , and there is nothing in it , but true bitterness , and false sweetness , certain pain , and uncertain pleasure ; tedious labour , and timerors rest ; nothing in the World but vanity and misery , for saith Saint John , Love not the World , he that makes himself the friend of God , makes himself an enemy to the World. O you lovers of the World ( saith Saint Austin ) I wonder at you ! O foolish men ! who hath bewitched you ? for what wrestle why do you strive and contend so much ? what thing is there in the World that is worthy your labour ? there is ( saith he ) nothing in the World but that which is foolish , and frothy , and frayl , and false , and vain , and full of danger , full of disaster ; suffer your selves therefore to be weaned from the World. And yet notwithstanding all that we can say , we know there are some persons that will not be taken off from the Worlds breasts , they have a better opinion of it than so . Let such enjoy their own errour till they run to ruin , and till their own overthrow take them off : Yet not withstanding we know that which an Ancient hath , that to whom God is once sweet , the World must needs be bitter . 2. On the other side , the knowledge of this serveth to win us to the Lord ; that as the one draweth us off , so the other may drive us on . When I consider the mercies of the Lord , and the goodness of God in the land of the living : when I consider how infinite he is in his love ; I am ravished in spirit , I am taken up in the mind , and taken off in the flesh ; I have set my heart and affections on Heaven , and on heavenly things . And now when I think on the Lord , there is my hope , and there is my help ; and there where my help is , there is my love , and there is my life , and there is my Lord , there is Christ at the right hand of God : He is the life of them that beleeve , he is the resurrection from the dead ; he is the right hand where there is pleasure for evermore , for there shall be no more pain , no more death ; for the first things are past away ( saith Saint John in the Revelation ) and all things are become new . Oh he that did but know the joyes that are reserved for such as are received to the Lord , would soon be taken up from all conceits of the things of this life . Think you but of that great convocation house of Heaven , that high Court of Parliament , that great place of Majesty and honour , where all the spirits of just men made perfect are ; where all the Saints departed live , where there are all the blessed Patriarchs , godly Prophets , the glorious Apostles , the blessed Kings , and the godly fellowship of Martyrs and Confessors ; where there are the holy Angels , and Arch - Angels , Thrones , and Dominions , Seraphims , and Cherubins in those glorious Orbs ; Where there is God , the blessed Trinity , the King of Glory , whose Glory is more then can be seen , be said , conceived to be ; where the joy of the Saints is such as eye hath not seen , ( no faith Saint Austin ) eye hath not seen , for it is no colour ; nor eare hath not heard , for it is no sound ; nor never entred into the heart of man to conceive , for the heart of man must enter into it ; where all shall be filled with abundance of peace , so the Prophet : they shall not only taste and see how good the Lord is , but they shall be filled with abundance , and they shall drink out of the River running over with infinite and transcendent pleasures ; where there gold shall be peace , and their silver shall be peace , and their land shall be peace , and their life shall be peace , and their joy shall be peace , and their God shall be peace , and the God of peace , he shall fill them with the peace of God ; and that peace is it which passeth , which is infinitely beyond all understanding . Glorious things are spoken of thee , thou City of God ; where the Kings is verity , and the Law is charity , and the State is felicity , and the Life is eternity . The comparing of these two things together , of this lifes misery , and that lifes felicity and eternity , would make a man sing and to sigh too . It would make him sing , I singing is in the Temple , and sighing is in the Tabernacle ; singing in the Temple , Blesled are they that dwell in thy house , they shall be alwayes praysing thee ; here is singing : but sighings is in the Tabernacle , for while we are in this Tabernacle , therefore sigh we , desiring to be dissolved and to be clothed upon with our house which is from Heaven : for while we are here we cannot be happy , for this life is misery . This be spoken for our selves . The second application of this plea is for others : seeing this life is such a life of misery , and that life is such a life of glory and immortality ; our present hap so base , our future hope so excellent : this should stay us and take us off from mourning for such as are departed , as if we were without hope of them . Hope is in the Text the principal thing , and to lament and mourn for those that are departed , we should be so far from it , as to rejoyce in our spirits for the blessed translation of such into eternal rest from this vail of misery , I say we should rejoyce in their very translation . What dost thou mourn and lament , and hang down the head , and all for loss of such as are departed and gone to rest with God ? Oh but thou wilt say , thou art not heavy for their gain , but for thine own loss : but seeing thy loss is the less , and their gain the greater , why dost thon not observe a mean and a proportion in these things ? I confesse , it is very fitting both in Civility , and Divinity , and agreeable to the lawes both of Grace , and Nature , that there should be mourning , especially in the house of mourning , at times and occasions offered in this nature , it cannot otherwise be . But for Rachel to mourn for her Children , so as that she would not be comforted ; not but that she could have been comforted , but she would not , that is not well . But I say here is comfort in abundance , and here is that which must stay us from being transported with impatient grief ; we must overcome all our grief with patience , with a blessed expectation of our own dissolution , for we must think we shall go to them , they shall not return to us ; let us desire to be dissolved and to be with Christ , which is best for them , and for me , I and for thee too . Enough of the fist Point . The last , ( which I will but name , that so I may run through this whole Scripture at this time ) is this ; that , The righteous and the hopeful , they are not miserable ; they are not most miserable , not the most miserable of all , nay they are not miserable at all . How prove you that ? By the force of the argument here that the Apostle useth : for this being a part of an Argument , and an Hypothetical proposition , he reasoneth thus : If in this life only we have hope in Christ , then are we miserable , but now for this life onely we have not hope in Christ : he doth not set our rest there , therefore we are not of all men the most miserable . How prove you that ? because the most wicked , the most wretched ; so the less wicked , the least wretched ; and the most righteous , the best blest , and the least miserable . Not the most ? not at all . Not at all ? No , for as the outward prosperity of the wicked in this World is no true prosperity , so the outward adversity of the godly is no true misery : it is not such as doth destitute and dissolute a man utterly , but you shall have the faithful come off with hope , I and with rejoycing rather then grudging and repining at it ; yea they joy in their sufferings , and at last are more then conquerours ; and all this sheweth then , that that they are far enough from misery . Well , the knowledge of this lifes misery , the knowledge of our not being at all miserable that are righteous ; should teach all of us to be righteous , to be religious , to strive to be godly , if not for the love of vertue , and piety , and holiness , and such kind of Graces as all good Christians and godly persons should be , though there were no Hell to punish , nor no Heaven to cherish a man in ; though there were no reward for the good , nor revenge against the bad : yet notwithstanding the love of vertue should constrain an ingenious Christian to strive after holiness and piety : but if not for the love of religion , let us do it for the fear of the misery that may befall us , which we shall prevent if we remember now our duties , that is to be godly , and to be righteous , for the righteous man is not , cannot be miserable . And then lastly , this shall serve to shew to us , how it ought to keep off the World from judging rashly : there is a great obliquity , and a perverse judgment in the World ; men censure those that are in any kind of misery to be of all men the most miserable : whereas we know that this is no true misery on their part , for it is but outward , it is but temporal misery , it is no true real misery . And therefore this serveth to rectifie the obliquity of such mens judgments , as do determine the godly to be in a miserable condition , whereas the contrary is most true : for we count them ( faith Saint James ) blessed that endure . Do they endure to the very death ? Blessed are they that die in the Lord , for they rest from their labours : and who would not die here , that he may dwell with God there in rest ? who that loveth , who that hopeth , would not be where his love , where his hope is ? would not have what he hopeth for ? Doth not the Lord say to his servant Moses , No man can see my face and live ? Oh ( saith a Father ) let me die then ! for I will die to see thee : who would not die for the present , to dwell ever where his hope is ? If in this life we had only hope , then were we of all men the most miserable : but our hope is not onely in this life , of the things of this life ; therefore we are not of all men most miserable , no not miserable at all . I have done with my Text : You see the occasion of our present meeting , to Inter this little Child in Christian burial , the last service and duty we owe to deceased Saints : I cannot , and I know you expect not that I should say any thing of it . It is a Child of the Covenant , sealed in the Covenant , died in the Covenant , resteth according to the Covenant , with the God of the Covenant , of whom I doubt no more of a happy rest with Christ the mediatour of the Covenant , then I do of the Covenant that Christ hath sealed ; and so I leave it in that rest , and return our selves to our own duty and service , to call upon God for a blessing . THE PLATFORM OF CHARITY : OR THE LIBERAL MANS GUIDE . SERMON XXXIX . GAL. 6.10 . As we have therefore opportunity , let us do good to all , especially to them who are of the houshold of Faith. IN the sixt verse of this Chapter , the Apostle begins to perswade these Galatians , ( to whom he wrote ) to Beneficence : and having in the ninth verse ; the verse before the Text ; given them great incouragement in this course . Be not weary ( saith he ) of well-doing : for in due season we shall reap , if we faint not . The words I have now read to you , are an inference upon that which went before , seeing if we hold out , we shall reap in due time : then ( saith the Apostle ) As we have opportunity , let us do good to all , &c. To speak something for the opening of the words , and then to observe the main things the Apostle intends in this place . As we have opportunity . Cairos , signifieth more than time , As we have time , so the old Translation reads it ; but the word signifieth more , there is a Chronos , and a Cairos , a time , and an opportunity of time . There is a time taken in the largest sence , there is an opportunity of time restrained to those advantages of times , that a man by wisdome may make unto himself for the performing of any duty that God 〈◊〉 of him . This must be understood with a reference to what was spoken of before , We shall reape if we faint not . He shewes there is a time of sowing , and a time of reaping : and so in Eccles . 3. There is a time for all things , there is a time to sow , and a time to reap . Now while the sowing time lasts ( for that is the opportunity that he now speaks of ) while the time of sowing lasts ; let us embrace those times and opportunites for the doing of good . Let us ( as we have opportunity ) do good to all . Do good , is of a large extent , it is of as large an extent , as the law . All is good that is agreeable to Gods will revealed . Be renewed in the spirit of your minds , that you may know what the good and acceptable will of God is . But in this place it is restrained to some particular acts of Beneficence towards men , towards the servants of God : which are the●… said to be good deeds , and good acts , when there is a concurrence between the action , and the affection , with conformity to the Rule . First , the●… must be actions . It is not speaking good , nor meaning good only , but it is doing good . Saith the Apostle , If a brother be naked , or hungry , or cold , and you say to him , go in peace , warm thee , but you give him no fire : and go and cloath thee , but you give him no apparel : and go and feed thee , but you give him no meat . Here are good words now : but the deeds are not answerable ; here are no good deeds at all . Solomon compares such complemental charity , that is only vernal , and in outward expression , to Cloudes and winds without rain . Not much unlike the boxes of Apothecaries , that are adorned with glorious titles without , but open them , and examin their in-sides , you shall find nothing but emptiness . Well , that is the first thing : there must be good actions . Again secondly , these must have a good rise , they must proceed from a good affection too 〈◊〉 else they lose the name of good actions . Make the tree good , and the fruit shall be of the same condition : the actions are not good , if the affections be naught , and therefore the same God , that requires beneficence , he commands benevolence also , and would have men become tender-hearted , and put on the bowels of compassion : that they should Sympathize with others , and be like affectioned to them ; to mourn with those that mourn , and to be with those that are bound , as being bound with them . This is that which our Saviour called being merciful . Be merciful , as your heavenly Father is merciful . He saith not only do works of mercy ; but be merciful , do them from a merciful heart , from bowels of compassion , that yearn towards those that are in necessity . That is the second thing . But then thirdly , these actions , and these affections whence they rise , they must hold conformitiy with the Law. There is no good , but what is conformable to the rule of goodness : that is the written word of God : and therefore all those will worships and idle ceremonies made according to the inventions of man ; as a thousand devicies in Popery ( wherein they intimate a show of great Liberality ) they are not good deeds , because they want that good rule that should uphold and make them so . So much shall serve for the opening of it . Good deeds then are such actions as rise from a sanctified affection ; and receive ground and warrant from Gods will revealed in his Word to men . Again , there is a third term yet . Do good to all men ; What doth the Apostle mean , that every man should receive the fruits of our Beneficence ? There are some men notorionsly wicked , and rather to be punished than relieved : The Apostle means not such , for he giveth you a Caution ; If any man worke not , let him not eate . Relieve him not that hath ability to get , and will live idly , and unprofitably ; But do good to all men ; that is , to all men so far as you see them in extream want , unable to help themselves , if their lawful necessities call upon your charity , in this respect all men must be looked unto , but especially To the houshold of Faith. By houshold of faith , here he means the multitude of beleevers and not only those that dwell near us , and about us , but those that are deispersed throughout the whole earth , the Churches of God : The dispersion spoken of through all the parts of the world , are this houshold of faith : all the Saints of God , in what difference or distance soever one from another , yet they are of the same houshold together ; of the same Church of God. So the Church of God is called , the house of God ; and sometime it is understood of the Church militant , and sometime of the Church triumphant . Of the Church triumphant : In my Fathers house are many mansions . There it is heaven , the place of the blessed . Then for the Church militant : Moses was faithful in all his house , faith the Text. And Paul exhorts Timothy how he should carry himself in the house of God : that is in the Church militant . As for those that live above us , they need not our good works and actions , therefore it is intended of those that are here in the Church militant ; that is called Gods houshold , because there is such a communion amongst beleevers , as amongst those that live in the same house , that abide under the same roof , that live under the same government , that eat at the same Table , & c. So then you have the meaning of all , which is no more but this ; Take those advantages of times , which you can obtain ( or else many will slip unprofitably to be conversant in such actions of mercy , which tend to the relief of those that want them . If there be extream necessity , do good to all ; but if you may make choyce of persons to whom you may do good : choose the houshold of faith . Thus you have the substance , and the meaning of the words . In them you may observe briefly these three parts . The first is a determination , or limitation of time , to which the Saints are tied in the performance of the duties that are in joyned them : as you have opportunity , and while you have time . Secondly , there is a declaration of duty , do good . Thirdly , there is a description of the persons to whom this good must be done ; first more generally : Do good to all : and then more particularly , and with an especial note ; Especially to those of the houshold of Faith. Of these in order . First , for the determination of time ( to take the words as they lie ) while you have time therefore , or as you have opportunity , the words themselves do render the main point . It is the duty of Christians to take their advantages of times : to take the best opportunities of their life to do good . I will speak somewhat by way of Explication of the point ; and something by way of Application , and so proceed to what follows . First for the Explication : what is intended , or meant in it , when we incite you to embrace times and opportunities . Briefly these two things are meant in it . First , that you should be sure not to lose the time of life . And , Secondly , that you should not forego the advantages , and opportunities of estates . You shall not alwayes have life to do good : and it may be ( if you have life ) you shall not alwayes enjoy means , and ability to do good . While you have life therefore , and time , do good ; or while you enjoy means : and so power to do good : embrace these opportunites . That is the meaning of the Apostle in this place . First , then there must be a doing good while you have life ; let your good works go before you , do things while you live , and defer not the performance of them till your death . Make you friends of the unrighteous Mammon , that when you want , they may receive you into everlasting habitations . He calls that unrighteous Mammon , not that it is unrighteously gotten only ( though that may be meant ) but that which is unrighteously kept , is unrighteous Mammon to you ; if you procured it never so justly , unless you do rightly dispose of it ; and if you be desirous to do right in disposing of your Mammon , of your wealth , do it now ; That when you want that power , and those times , you may enjoy the comfortable fruit of the well-redeeming of the time of your life , to receive you into everlasting habitations . In the 25. verse of the 16. Luke , it is the challenge of Abraham to Dives ; Son remember that thou in thy life-time haddest thy goods , ( for so the word signifieth ) thou haddest thy opportunities of life , and of goods too , but now thou hast neither life nor goods left thee , to do good with ; and therefore he is blessed and thou art tormented . It was the folly of those five Virgins , they took not the opportunity of life ( for that is the thing meant there ) but they posted over all to the last , and hoped that all might be effected in a trice or miniute of their life , which would have held them employment enough all the dayes of their lives : And therefore they came short of heaven ; the gates were shut against them , as you see , when the Bridegroom came . If any man imagine , because it is said , Blessed are they that die in the Lord , for they rest from their labours , and their works follow them ; That therefore it matters not , so long as a man doth good at his death , though he have neglected the wayes of goodness all his life . Let them know that by works there , is not meant the actions of men , but the fruits of their actions . Their works follow them ; not the works they have deferred untill death , but the fruits of those works , they did while they were living , and received not the benefit of them untill death . Their works follow them , that is the fruits of their works . It is more good and pleasant by far , to have the actions go before , and the fruits , and comfortable effects to succeed , and follow after . But if any man yet suppose that he may make that up in his Will , which he hath neglected , all his life long : and though he have lived miserably , covetously , and unprofitably , all the dayes of his life ; yet his thoughts may tell him , that by the Charitable Requests of his last Testament ; as bequeathing largely to the Church and Common-wealth , and to all sorts of people , be may at the last make fit compensation and satisfaction , for neglect of former duties . Let no man deceive himself with such a bad resolution , for first it argues a sign of infidelity , that a man will not trust God , for fear he should want in his life-time ; what is the reason else that he defers the doing good in health , unless it be for fear of wanting himself ? such distrust he hath in the providence of God. Besides , the same God which bids thee do good when thou hast opportunity , and while thou enjoyest the advantage of life , he expects it now . And it may be truly said of many that neglect those times of doing good while they lived , and have now supplyed that defect in their death , by the large benevolence of their Wills ; Their will is good , but their deed is naught . So much for the first point , I proceed unto the second ; that is , thou must not only take the time of thy life , but also the opportunity of thy means , and thy estate ; while there is yet a price in thine hand : while thou hast opportunity , and enjoyest wealth to do good with : redeem the advantages and opportunities by employing them in that way , for which thou didst receive them . The time may come wherein you may desire to do good , but cannot ; wanting an estate , and opportunities whereby to do it . Mark what Solomon faith , Wilt thou trust in a thing of nothing ? for Riches have wings as an Eagle , and fly away toward heaven . It is the vanity of men , that they still forbear , and stay , while their estates increase ; pretending that then they shall be better able to do good , and extend themselves more largely : or that they may keep their wealth , and wait for a better opportunity . But why with thou trust in a thing of nothing ? Thou seest a fowl in her flight , and now ( it may be ) thou perceivest it , but instantly it vanisheth out of thy sight . Why riches have wings ( faith Solomon . ) Thou hast them now in thy possession , and retainest them fast in hold , but presently they are departed ; they fly as an Eagle out of thy sight . And the same wise man when he exhorteth men to cast their bread upon the waters ; He gives them this reason : Thou knowest not what evils ; thou knowest not what judgments and calamities God intends to bring upon that Nation where thou livest , upon the City , upon the Family where thou dwellest ; upon thy person or estate : Thou knowest not what evils , God will bring upon the earth . And so likewise , charge rich men in this world , that they be not high-minded ; and that they trust not in uncertain riches , but in the living God ; that they be ready to distribute , and to communicate , and to do good works . What is it that hinders men from distributing , and communicating ? Because they trust in uncertain Riches . For if they would now learn not to trust in uncertain Riches , but account them uncertain as they are ; and put confidence in the living God , who can provide for them , when those outward means ( which they so much rely on ) fail their expectations , they would then be more liberal , and bountiful , and ready to do good , and to communicate . So then here is the meaning of the point . Take the opportunities of life . That is , first take the time of life , while you may do good ; and then take the means , the wealth , and estate , which is the time of your means . For this observe Jobs case , he goes on discoursing of this very point , he was now a man stript of all he had , but the other day the Richest man in the East ; the Sabeans and Caldeans had carried away his goods , his cattel , and his children , and all things were taken from him . Yet there was one thing that administred comfort , in the day of his adversity and his affliction ; And it was this , faith he ; If I have made the eyes of the poor to fail ; or if I eat my morsels alone ; or if I have not relieved the fatherless , &c. If I have not done thus and thus ; then let the Lords fiercest judgment fall upon me ; But herein consists my comfort , my conscience bears me witness , that when I had wealth , and estate , and enjoyed the goods of this life , I did good . I was father to the fatherless ; a foot to the lame , and eyes to the blind , I did all the good that lay within the compass of my power to do , when I had means to do it . I say , little do you know ( beloved ) whatsoever thou art , whatsoever estate thou hast , though thou be as a nail fastned in a sure place , and thinkest thou shalt never be moved from this condition : Thou knowest not how soon God may turn his hand upon thee , when thou maist be as Job was on the dunghil deprived of all comforts . What will be thy consolation then ? that when thou hadst wealth , thou didst good with it . It will add to thy affliction , that thou hadst great possessions , and didst neither glorifie God , nor do good to men . So much for the opening of the point ; I come to apply it . First then , it serves for the reproof of many to whom God hath given the price in their hands : But they want hearts to embrace the opportunities of doing good . They pretend to do good , and have a mind inclining to good : But they have no heart to take the opportunities , and advantages of times , and means , which God hath bestowed on them for the same purpose ; they want hearts to embrace those . Remember what Solomon faith : Say not to thy neighbour , go , and come again to morrow , If it be now in thine hands to give him . The Lord will not only have a man not deny to do good , but besides that , he would not have him delay to do good ; put him not from thee till to morrow , if his help remain in thine hands to day ; yea , though thou have a purpose to do it to morrow ; if it be in thy power to day , do it ; and defer it not till to morrow . But what shall we say to those , who do not only delay their purposes , but by protracting lose their purposes . There is nothing more ordinary , then in some cases for men : not only to purpose truly , but to promise heartily to God , that they will perform these , and these acts of mercy , if God will deliver them from such fears and dangers , as they ( at such times ) are incompast with . A man that endures extremity of weather , in a tempestuous Sea , if happily he may attain the land in safety : a man that is diseased with sickness , if now he may recover his health again , or one that suffers imprisonment , if he may procure his liberty : or a man that is in fear of the loss of his estate , by the means of some unhappy casualty ; if now he may escape that loss : he will bestow a great deal on God , and on the servants of God ; nay , he promises , and vows unto God in his extremity . But how many of those promises , as well as those other purposes , come to nothing ? they have liberty , they receive health ; they enjoy safety , and have the full fruition of all their desires : but alas , how short come their vows of performance ? not one of many of them , but turns God away without his bargain . Remember how the Lord taxeth the people of Israel ; In the day of their distress ( and the Lord reckons up divers and sundry troubles they were in ) then they speak good words to God : they would cleave to him , and promised to do thus and thus . But ( thus faith the Text ) They flattered the Lord with their lips , and were false in the Covenant with God. Is it not it so ( beloved ) with many of us ? Oh that your hearts might smite you this day , before the Lord , for many purposes , and promises that you have made of doing this or that , for the glorifying of God , and the discharge of your duty ! One man hath promised restitution of unjust gain : another , to become more liberal , and bountiful toward others . And the Lord hath waited week after week , moneth after moneth , and year after year ; and yet nevertheless you continue the same men , either unsensible , or careless to accomplish your promise to God , or rendring unto him his due . That is the first Vse . Secondly , let it stir up every one of us to a care of his duty of embracing opportunities . And when we perswade you to take opportunities , we would draw you a degree higher : not only to take them , but to seek them ; for how shall a man obtain the advantage of taking opportunities , if he first seek them not ? and therefore we perswade you to that . We see Abraham sitting in the door of his Tent , that he might observe opportunities of doing good ; he stayed not till the men knocked at his door for reliefe , but took notice of their passing by , that he might call them . We see a good old man in Judges 19. As he perceives a stranger passing the streets , first takes occasion to question his wants , and forbears not till the man complain ; so willing was he to administer to his necessities , and to embrace a fit opportunity of doing him good . We see David expressing his thankfulness to God , and to Jonathan . He enquires if there were any of the house of Saul , that he might shew him kindness for Jonathans sake . So should we do . Is there any of the houshold of Faith ( as the Text faith , and as the Scripture calls them ) unto whom I may shew kindness for the Lords sake ? He hath been better to us then Jonathan was to David , and yet we are much more backward to Retribution , and expressions of thankfulness then David was to Jonathan . But the Scriptures are plentiful in this , we need not stand on it ; I say this is a duty , that every one should discharge this task : not to stay and forbear till the reports of mens wants are brought to them , but to be circumspect and seek for all accasions that may deserve the extent of their goodness . If you live in a Parish wherein ( happily ) there remains not many poor , yet you live in a City , there are many there ; if there be not many in the City ; you live in a Country , in a Kingdom , doubtless where there are many ; if there be none there , yet thou hast further means to extend thy charity : Thou livest in a Church , is there any member of the Church in all the World dispersed in Bohemia , in the Palatinate , in any place of the earth where the poor abide ? enquire after them , that you may know their wants , and relieve their necessities . I come now to the second , from the determination of time , to the declaration of duty , while we have time . Let us do good . I told you what this goodness is , in the intent of the Apostle in this place . Doing good is a releeving those that are in necessity , for that is the Apostles meaning , as we may see in the context and coherence of these words with the former ; So then the main Point is no more but this ; It is the duty of Gods servants ( as to make advantage of their times so ) to employ themselves in releeving of others . Take it more briesly . It is a doing good , to releeve others , that is the duty of Gods servants ; and it well becomes them , to be employed in this work , while we have time on earth and means to do it , to employ our selves in doing good , and relieving others . And there is familiar appearance of this in Scripture , and by reasons also . By Scripture it is commanded in precept , and commended in practise of the Saints . If any of thy brethren among thee be poor ( faith God ) thou shalt not harden thy heart , thou shalt not shut up thy hand against thy poor brother . The not opening of the hands to relieve him , God accounts that , as proceeding from the hardness of the heart . Thou shalt not harden thy heart against thy brother , &c. Cast thy bread upon the Waters , for after many dayes thou shalt find it . Is not this the fast that I have chosen , for a man to give his bread to the hungry ; and that a man should release those that are in Captivity , and to let the oppressed go free ? The Apostle wisheth that as they abounded in knowledge , and in vertue , and in faith , and goodness ; so they might abound also in this Grace of God. The Grace of God that he there speaks of , is the willing readiness to the doing of good . To do good , and to distribute forget not ; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased . You see thereby doing good , he means distribution : the latter word doth prove the former , and both explain this Text. You have it likewise commended in the practice of the Saints . I need not be large in discoursing to you the carriage of Abraham , of Lot , of David , of Job , the practice of Cornelius , yea of Christ himselfe . The Scripture is plentiful in this , I and that which is more to be observed , that although Christ himselfe were relieved by others ; yet out of that he gave a share to the poor . It wil appear likewise in reason , that this is a necessary duty , and these may be taken . First , from the equity of it ; for it is equal you should thus employ your time and estate , and those advantages of life which God hath made you doner of , partly to that purpose ; and a man commits an injury in neglecting these holy duties : and is not only become an unmerciful , but an unjust man , and so in the plainest phrase a dishonest man : he is not just that doth not thus . Therefore , with-hold not the good from the owner thereof , ( faith God ) when it is in thy power to give . The poor is owner of the estate of the rich so farr as his necessity requires it ; and it proves but a matter of justice and equity , to bestow his riches where it ought to be bestowed : and a man is unjust in that respect if he do it not . Riches are called unrighteous mammon ( as hath been expressed before ) when they are unrighteously with-held from them to whom they should be given , as well as when they are unrighteously gotten . So that detaining it from those unto whom it is appointed by Gods direction , converts that riches ( perchance honestly procured ) into the mammon of unrighteousness . Secondly , as it becomes a matter of justice , so it proves likewise a matter of wisedome : a man makes wise provision for the present , and the future also by this course , And therefore it makes way for the felicity of the servants of God , to employ their endeavours in the execution of this duty , and to lay fast hold on the forehead of opportunity . First , it proves a consequent of wisedome for themselves in procuring their own good . Blessed is the man that judgeth wisely of the poor , why so ? The Lord will consider him in the day of evil , and he will not give him over to the will of his enemies , What is the thing that a man is most subject to fear in this World ? but that which David faith concerning Saul : I shal fall sometime or other by the hands of some enemy , of some mischievous person , or malicious person or other . You see the Lord hath here promised a large assurance of safety and protection from the malice of his adversaries in the day of evil , if he wisely consider the poor . Again it makes much for the good of his posterity . The good man is merciful , &c. and his seed inherits the blessing . It may be he perceives not such sensible and apparant fruits , or outward success in his own life upon this course , yet his seed inherits the blessing : and the less he enjoyes , the more shall they receive of Gods goodness towards them , as a recompence for his benevolent kindness towards the people of God. And what greater legacy can man bestow upon his posterity then to leave them ( by his particular means ) in the loving favour of the Almighty . And as it is so for the present , so it becomes a course of wisedome for the future also . Charge the rich men of the World that they be ready to do good , &c. laying up a good foundation for the time to come . And by this means a man may provide well for eternity . Make you friends ( faith Christ ) of your unrighteous Mammon , that when you fail , they may receive you into everlasting habitations . The way for a man to provide for eternal good , is to use his talent of wealth and estate ( for the present ) to the good of many . Thus we see the Reasons plainly verified : to make use of it briefly and hasten to that which remains . Is it so then , that it is writ down to be the duty of Gods servants to mannage the opportunities of this life for this end , and in this course of doing good ; that is , of distribution and reliefe . Then it serves to reprove those that neglect this duty , and account it not a business of their life ; only they conceive of it as a matter of praise and commendations , a thing that they do well in performing , and not very ill in omitting . They conceive it to be of no absolute necessity , but voluntary charity , as a matter arbitrary , but not as a duty necessary , and for this cause they appear but slack and indifferent ; they conceive this as a duty to lay up wealth , but never remember the necessity of laying out wealth to be commanded for a greater duty then the former : they take it for their duty to get all they can , but forget the following precept , to do all the good with that they get , as they can . And here is the reason why there are such lavish expences bestowed upon every vanity , that the portion of the poor , and such as ought to be relieved with our estates in point of equity ; and by vertue of Gods Commandment is swallowed up by every vanity . It is spent in excessive apparel , for the satisfaction of the vain fashion-monger : in superfluity of dyet for the Glutton , and the Epicure : in Haukes , and Hounds , and Dogs , to please the humour of the voluptuous person : it is consumed in raising up vain and unnecessary Buildings by earth-worms , that make their habitations below , and lay a foundation for themselves on earth ; neglecting that goodly building given of God , to the re-edisying of their souls in the kingdome of Grace . And thus is the portion of the poor consumed , and themselves ( for want of the same ) exposed to all the misery that this World can inflict . Some cry they cannot do it , we have not an estate to undergo it ; in the mean time they run to excesse of Riot , and make such voluptuous and superfluous feasts , that the Phenix hardly escapes the bounds of their desires . If you can be thus excessive in your dyet , in your apparel , in your sports ; if you can cast away in presents , and in gifts , in bribes , and in gratuities , superfluously upon rich friends : there must ( of necessity ) be a defect in your will to the command of God , when you neglect the miserable condition of the poor , and lend no hand to help them . What is the reason of it ? but because of the natural rebellion and Athisme that is in the heart of every man against God ; that they will employ their estates any way , rather then bestow them to that purpose for which they are appointed by God. Oh what account shall such be able to make at the day of Judgment ; do but suppose when the Books shall come to be opened , wherein the particulars , Diaries and passages of your life shall be thus examined : Item , so much for a feast ; Item , on such a day , for such another great feast ; and many a hundred dayes , for as many hundred feasts , wherein hundreds of the servants of God have endured extream want , and inforced into banishment into other places , to persecution , to misery and distress , when thou couldest not find one of them in a corner of thy purse . Item , so much for such apparel , for such entertainment , for such building of Walks and Galleries ; What nothing for the servants of God ? are they so empty , when your houses appear so full ? live they so poor , and you so richly glad ? what can you spare nothing for Christ , and the distressed members of the Church all this while ? Oh my beloved , remember what James faith ; Go to now you rich men , weep and howl , for your garments are Moth eaten , whereon you have bestowed so much cost , and your gold and silver is rusty and canker'd , and the rest of them shall eate up your flesh as it were fire , at that day . Let it teach therefore the servants of God to bestow their Almes most willingly , to be free and in continual readiness , in extending their contribution towards the necessities of those that want them ; and not only so , but to do good in so doing , for that is the principal duty unto which the Text doth invite you . While you have opportunity , do good . But how shall a man in such actions of mercy , and bounty , and liberality , make it appear that he doth good ? Therefore briefly , take some helps in this . A man that will contribute out of his estate to releeve others , and intends to do good . First , he must do what he doth justly , he must not out of mercy extended to one , injure another , but must alwayes level his charity by his own ability . And this is that which the holy Ghost calls , the giving of a mans own . Cast [ thy ] bread upon the waters : thy own bread , not another mans . To give that which is a mans own by right , by lawful procuring ; his own by right of possession , the gifts bestowed out of that , makes acceptation before God , and provides a double recompence for the giver . You see how Zachens gives ; If I have wronged any man , I will restore it , and half my goods I give to the poor . That is , I will first make restitution of what I have unjustly gotten , and then of the remainder , I will give half to the poor . It is no giving for a man , to employ all his life-time in the procurement of unjust gain : By Usury , deceit in trading , and other indirect and forbidden courses , to heap up abundance of red clay ; and then to sum up a large Bill of the particular goods he intends to Religion ; for Churches , and for Hospitals , and the poor , with other such like benevolences , makes but a simple satisfaction for thy unjust courses , in procuring such wealth to the prejudice , and detriment of others : this is nothing to thy advantage ; all this while thou art a thief , and givest stoln goods . Nay , thou maist further assure thy self , that Hell shall be the greatest recompence of thy charity , because thou bestowest that which is not thine . Thou oughtest first to have made thy estate clear , and have restored the things that belonged unto others , and reserved thine own by it self , and then to give free scope to thy charity to the doing of any good action , which time and occasion could propound . This is the first duty of any man that will do good in giving , he must give justly . Secondly , he must give wisely too , it is made the marke of a man fearing God ; He considers wisely of the poor , and he orders his affairs with judgment . What is that ? Judgment hath a twofold respect ; it hath respect to the quantity of a mans gift ; and to the quality of the person to whom he gives . There must be a judgment , a wise ordering of things in respect of the quantity which a man bestowes , according to that expression of the holy Ghost , in Acts 11.29 . They gave according to their abilities , they kept within the limits of their estates , and exceeded not . So must thou , or else another man may ( perchance ) lose by thy liberality . Again , there must be respect had to the quality of the person to whom he gives ; My goodness extends to the Saints that are on earth , to the faithful ones ; as the Text faith here , to the houshold of faith . It is not necessary to give to every one that comes next to hand . There be some persons , I told you before , that are not to be releeved , except in case of extream necessity . We must extend our Benevolence to those of the houshold of Faith. Give unto Christ , and to the naked and hungry members , that belong unto him , and thou shalt not want a sweet and comfortable return of thy charity . Again , as it must be done justly and wisely , so ( if we desire to do good in releeving ) we must do it simply . In the simplicity and plainness of our hearts ; Let him that distributes , do it in simplicity , faith the Apostle . What is that simplicity ? when a man looks up to God with a single eye ( as the eye may be said to be single , when it viewes but one object at once so ) the heart is small when it respects God onely in this action of charity , and makes no other reckoning of any outward object . A double-minded man he looks up to God , and yet carries some respect to the outward honour which he expects of the World ; and more ( often times ) to the World then to God , at least he joynes them together . But if a man be desirous to bestow his benevolence with a purpose to receive recompence from above , let him do it for his sake that commands it , and reflect upon God in all things . This is the testimony of our Conscience ( faith the Apostle ) that in simplicity and sincerity we have had our conversation among you : not affecting the praise of men , but aiming to approve our selves to God in that we do . This is that which Christ advised the Pharisees , that they should not admit their right hand to know what their left hand did . Lastly , as it must be simple , so it must be chearful : God loves a chearful giver . And this is a perfect sign of chearfulness , when a man doth not only give without grudging , upon all opportunities : but when he will be careful to prevent them in his willingness to seek them , as I said before . So much for the second point , the duty it self . Now I proceed to the last thing ; that is , the description of the persons to whom this must be done . First generally : All , and then particularly , The houshold of faith . First generally : Do good to all . It is as I have told you , to all that endure such wants and necessities , as that it may be a work of mercy , and no transgression of the rule to releeve them : for those that live unprofitably , and become burthens to the Common-wealth ( except in case of extream necessity ) it loses the name of mercy to relieve them , and deserves neither reward nor commendations . Yet , if they live in extream necessity , then take the Rule of the Apostle ; Do good to all , even to them also . We have the Parable of our Saviour to direct us in this path , where the good Samaritan lends his assistance to the Jew that fell among theeves : We cannot but know of the opposition and enmity , between the Samaritans and the Jewes : yet we see that in case of extremity , the Samaritan helps the Jew . Therein our Saviour teacheth us , that every man ( in this case ) is a mans neighbour , and therefore the same law that commands , to love thy neighbour as thy self ; intends we should do good to all , if necessity require . The Reason is , in regard there is the same maker of one , as of another ; We have all one Father ( saith the Prophet ) and hath not one God created us ? Then by Creation we are all alike Children , though not by Adoption , and especial Grace : and as they are the Creatures of God and bear the Image of their Maker ; there ought to be some consideration extended toward them , in case of extream necessity . Again , there dwels a part of Gods Image in all man-kind , and that resemblance makes us alied to each other by the bonds of Nature : then if we love not our brother whom we see daily , how shall we love him whom we never saw ? faith the Apostle . To make some use briefly of this . Is it so , that doing of good is to be extended to all when necessity requires it : Then let it teach us ( without all evasion and protraction of those duties commanded ) to embrace every object and occasion that may invite us to do good , and to be merciful . But some man may reply in this fashion , my intent is very plyable : that away of goodness , I could willingly extend it toward such a man ; but he is a stranger unto me , and one with whom I was never acquainted . What is this , but the churlish reply of Nabal to the servants of David ? there are divers men abroad whom I know not ; there are some servants that are run from their masters , shall I give my bread and that I have provided for my shearers unto them ? Nabal was his name , and folly was with him . Abigai ! did truly interpret his nature to be answerable to his name , which signified a man of folly ; for if his conditions had been otherwise , he would not have sent them empty to their Master , knowing their absolute necessity , in which case a stranger ought to be relieved , and we cannot thrust him back from our charity . Secondly , such a one ( I confess ) is not a stranger , but an enemy ; and when it lay in his power , he procur'd me all the mischiefe he could , and should I now relieve him ? Mark the rule of the Apostle ; If thine enemy hunger , feed him ; if he be naked , cloath him ; if he thirst , give him drink : for in so doing thou shalt heap coals of fire upon his head . But some man will say , there remains so much unthankfulness in the World , that one is soon discouraged ( by peoples ingratitude ) in the office of doing dood . But what saith the Lord , Cast thy bread upon the waters , for after many dayes thou shalt find it . Though it seem no more to thee but as a stone sunck down into the deep , or as a morsel of bread in the water , that floates from the sight of him that cast it in , without possibility of recovering it again , or receiving any fruit or benefit from the same ; yet cease not to cast it there , for after many dayes thou shalt find it . But some man replies , I do good to some already ; I give something to the maintaining of a Schollar in the University ; somewhat I do for the binding of a poor Child to an Apprentiship , and I have bestowed my good will towards the setting up of a young beginner in his trade , what is there no end of doing good ? Mark again , the advise of Solomon for that ; Give a portion to seven , and to eight . If thou have done good to one , extend it to a second , to a third , and again to a fourth , and a sift , and sixt , and a seventh , and to eight , and so long as there remains an object of mercy , and power in thine hands to do it , though thou hast extended the like bounty to seven , and to eight already . Some man will answer again , that by this course ( if every man bestow his benevolence so largely ) no man could become rich in this life ; and God appoints some rich men in this World as well as poor . Solomon answers that objection thus . If the Clouds be full they pour down rain . As if he should have argued thus . God hath bestowed riches on men , as he hath given rain to the Clouds , he gave them that superfluity of waters to pour down on the earth for the benefit of the same ; and not that they shall still detain it to no purpose at all : So God hath given riches to men , that when they arive at a fulness of estate , they should then pour down and distil the fruits of that blessing on them that are poor and live in necessity , as the rain descends upon dry clods of earth . But some man will say , a man might pour down comfort , but the ill success it meets with , and the little good it begets in them on whom it is bestowed ( for they oftentimes become worse , by the receipt of such benefits , ) disheartens the giver from the extending of his charity according to Gods command , and his own good nature . Saith Solomon for that ; As the Tree falls so it lyes , whether to the East , or West , to North , or South ; his meaning is this , As the Tree being hewen down ( lie which way it will ) falls to the profit and advantage of the owner : so it proves with all things thou performest with intent to please God , and glorifie him , though they fall more prosperous , or less prosperous in the event ; yet the conclusion converts them all to the glory of God , his pleasure , and the advantage of the owner ; and there they lie , and their recompence also . But some man may say , I have continued a great while in the exercise of doing of good ; I am now old , and have lived thus long at my trade , and thus long I have been a House-keeper , and thus long have had an estate in my hands ; all which time I have ever employed my self in the performance of good offices for others , and did not intermit any occasion that might invite me to the doing of good . And is it not yet time to cease ? No ( saith Solomon ) in the morning sowthy seed , and in the evening let not thy hands rest . ( For all those words are but several answers , to several objections ; ) Sow thy seed in the morning of thy life , when they estate begins to be improved , and then even in the evening of thy life , when thou hast left off gaining , cease not to persist in giving , Saith another man ; You must not lop the twig too soon , that is but beginning to grow . I am but now in the way to thrive , and when I am further entred into that course , I will not fail to extend my goodness to others . Sow thy seed in the morning of thy life . But saith another man , I have done that already , and now it ceaseth to be with me as before , by reason I follow not my trade , and have no more possibility of getting . But let not thy hand cease in the evening , saith God. When thy shop windows are shut up , thy compassion must still continue open , when thou hast bid gain adue , and taken thy leave of all the wayes of getting : even then , if thou enjoy an estate in thine hands , and ability to do good , there is no excuse for thee to cease from bestowing it , though it be in the evening . Thus we see there is no time excepted , nor person to be refused if necessity require ; but a man must do good to all men at all times . So much for that . But the matter chiefly intended is these two ; That there are some poor of the houshold of faith . That is the first . God hath ( in the houshold of faith ) some that stand in need of relief . Secondly , that all that are in the houshold , should especially look unto them . First ( I say ) there are some of the houshold of faith : true believers , whose wants call for reliefe . So we see Christs speaks as it were for himself , when he speaks of them ; I was hungry , and you did not feed me ; I was naked and you did not cloath me . Those that Christ owns as his , and accounts them a part of himself , even those are hungry and naked . And so likewise , God hath chosen the poor of this world rich in faith . They be rich in faith , and so of Gods houshould of faith , and yet nevertheless poor in this world . You shall see an example of this . A Widdow comes to Elisha the Prophet , and tels him ; Thy servant , my husband , was a man fearing God : and yet notwithstanding the creditor is coming upon me , and will have my sons to be bond-slaves . The man feared God , and yet nevertheless the poor Widdow wanted means , and her sons must be exposed to extremity of bondage for discharge of his fathers ingagements . A hard case , and yet the case of a man fearing God. You see there are those of Macedonia , that send help to the poor Saints of Achaia ; they were Saints , and yet poor ; receiving help from a company of poor people at Macedonia , being so poor , that the Apostle bears witness of them , they gave above their ability . We see a poor man , and yet an heir of heaven , lying full of sores , and in want , at the gate of Dives , that was after thrown into hell : An heir of heaven , and yet on earth a Beggar . You see then ( beloved ) the point is true : now we will descend , and see how it appears to be so , and for what respect it comes to pass , by Gods providence . First , it becomes so , that there may be a conformity between the head and the members ; for Christ that was rich , for our sakes became poor , saith the Scripture , even Christ that was rich , and Lord over all , became poor , and in the form of a servant unto all , for our sakes ; so poor that we see , the foxes had holes , and the fowles of the ayre had nests ; but our Redeemer had no shelter , no not so much room , as to rest his head . Now there must be a conformity between Christ and his members : if the head be poor , necessity makes the other members partake of the same Cup. Again secondly , if you observe , and look on the condition of Gods Saints , of the houshold of faith on earth here , you shall find small occasion to marvel at their simple estates , considering they are a company of travellers and Pilgrims , in this world ; I beseech you , as Pilgrims and strangers , &c. They are not only strangers , which may have riches conveyed unto them , after some certain stay in a place . But they are Pilgrims , and time will not permit their abode in one place , upon any condition of advantage ; for their profession compels them from one place to another : On whom our Proverbe may truly be verified ; that a rouling stone gathers nothing . They are Pilgrims , and Pilgrims desires extend no further ( in this life ) then a staffe and a scrip ; This is the brood of travellers ( saith David ) that seek thy face . Thirdly , there followes another reason , and that proceeds from the opposition they find in the world against their course ; the world labours to make them poor , and having prevailed ( like an imperious Jaylor , to a distressed prisoner ) endeavours to keep them under . And it comes so to pass , in regard of the natural enmity , and division that is in the world , in opposition of the wayes of God. You shall find that our Saviour intending to go to Jerusalem , made his way through Samaria , and dispatched some before to provide him lodging . But the Samaritans understanding , or suspecting that he was minded to go thither , refused to entertain him . They would not receive him , saith the Text ; Why ? Because he was going unto Jerusalem . Beloved , thus deals the world with the members of Christ : if they would rely on the world , and make that their end , as they do , then riches should flow in in abundance , and their estates might arive to be as eminent and mighty as others . But if their minds be resolved for Jerusalem , and their eyes reflect that way ; Let them seek their own entertainment ; for they shall receive no benefit , nor enjoy any contentment , by their permission . Lastly , God disposeth it to be so by his wondrous providence , that his glory may be so much the more conspicuous and open ; in providing that they of the houshould of faith should endure the scourge of poverty on earth , that so the work of his grace may appear the more in them , by the means of their poverty ; for when doth grace make it self more manifest in the heart , then in the middest of such extremities ? The stars make the brightest reflection , in the obscurest night : and grace appears most glorious , chiefly in distress ; You have heard of the patience of Job ; had not Job endured much sorrow , and been exercised in many afflictions , the world had been ignorant of his vertues : he was first deprived of his substance , and suffered the torments of his body , before he expressed his patience . You have heard of the faith of those people , which wandered in sheeps-skins , and goats-skins . But how could you have been acquainted with their faith , if you had not heard of their clothing ? you see them in sheeps-skins , and goats-skins , enduring contempt of the world , to preserve faith and a good conscience ; and so you became acquainted with their faith also . Is it so then , that Gods servants are thus , then let the world wonder their fill at it , and let not us account it a strange thing , ( saith Saint James ) for it befalls others of the Saints . So say I , when we see of the houshold of faith in poverty , account it no strange matter , that God bestows not riches in this world , to one that is rich in grace . You see a multitude of believers stript of all they had , and yet they were holy and religious . Secondly , condemn not their wayes , for the entertainment they meet within the world . Like not the worse of the wayes of God , because he afflicts his servants ; you should then judge evil of the generation of the just . You know Job was a man beloved of God : from heaven he witnesseth his goodness ; He was an upright , and a just man , one that feared God , and eschewed evil . Notwithstanding you see how he was environed with troubles , and made destitute of means , and the society of his friends ; insomuch , that his three familiar acquaintance did conclude , that therefore he was an hypocrite , and that God had found him out in some sin . But the ensuing displeasure of God towards these men ( though it took no effect because of the righteous invocation of his servant Job , ) will tell us there belongs a Judgment to those that censure the Children of God by their afflictions , weighing their sins & their sufferings both in one scale together . But beware of incurring Gods displeasure , by accusing the generation of the just , in respect of their unprosperous events in this World. Thou seest one man disgraced , in much trouble , it may be in extream necessity for want of these outward blestings ; presently thou concludest something is amiss in his life . Thou perceivest another grows rich , having riches , and honour , and applause in the World , notwithstanding he goes on in a prophane course ; yet thou concludest certainly God loves this man : these are dangerous conclusie●…s : Cain and Esau were beloved of God , if this be a sign of love , now God himself said , that He hated Esau . Esau whom God hated , had twelve Dukes to his Sons , enjoying abundance and superfluity of all things : and therefore forbear to reprove the just man , or call his integrity into question , because of his outward poverty . Thirdly , take heed you despise not the Houshold of Faith for outward poverty ; think not meanly of them , nor the worse of Grace , because of their simple outside ; for this is to have the Faith of God in respect of mens persons : when a man comes in gay cloathing , you say sit here in a goodly place ; but a man in meaner apparel , stand thou there , &c. The meaning is this ; the Apostle stands not so much upon the placing of men , but rather inveighs against the unseemly disposition of mens hearts , that slighted Grace in the poor members of the body , because they were not adorned with those outward ornaments that beautifie the body . This thing the Lord calls a despising of the poor ; yee have despised the poor ; so that they did not walk as believers , nor honour God in sincerity , because instead of honouring God by a familiar society with the faithful , they despised him in contemning his Graces for their outward poverty , unto whom he had bestowed them ; not unlike to a phantastical offender , whose pardon being seal'd and sent him by an unworthy person , chose rather to die for his offence , then accept of his pardon from the hands of an inferiour person , Secondly , the last Point is this , that These servants of God , of the Houshould of Faith being poor , should especially be look't unto by those of the same house that are rich●… above all other persons they are to respect those of the Houshould of Faith. So David , My goodness extendeth not to thee , but to the Saints on earth . The Apostle witnesseth of Philemon , That he had refreshed the bowels of the Saints , and had done good to them , taking most especial notice of him , because of his goodness extended towards them . This is the duty . And the Reason of it is , because that for this intent hath God given riches unto some that have grace , that so they might especially administer the confort that wealth brings with it , unto those that are poor of the same houshold and profession of grace : I say , for this very reason , God hath furnished some of his Elect with wealth and opportunities ; that above all other they might reserve a diligent care and respect towards others that share with them in the same Grace ; if they do not , I am certain the world will not ; for of all other people , those that fear God are the persons to whom they wish most unhappiness , and shortest continuance of life in this World. Therefore hath God given wealth to those that have Grace , that they might minister a seasonable reliefe to others , whose wants do call for it . Let the brother of low degree , rejoyce in that he is exalted ; and let the brother of high degree , rejoyce in that he is made low : what is the low bringing of the brother in high degree , but that he becomes servant to him of low degree ; his wealth and revenews , nay all that he enjoyes , he confesseth to be for the service of the poorest Christian . Then hath the brother of low degree occasion enough to rejoyce , because the brother of high degree receives both exaltation , wealth , and preferment , and all that he possesseth for his good . And therefore beloved , do not slightly pass by this necessary duty , for it will require your serious consideration , and your best ability to perform it . Secondly , the neer union and relation between one and another , should be a strong obligation upon those that are rich especially , to extend their care and estate to those of low degree , having grace : for they are brethren , and there is a strong bond that combines them together , having all the same Father to beget them , they are begotten by the same Word of Truth , they enjoy the same Mother the Church : Jerusalem that is above is free , and is the Mother of us all ; they are brethren together of the same Family . And therefore ( beloved ) let men see and acknowledg this , that whatsoever difference there is of Nation , yet they are all of the same Houshold in this respect . You see the Jews notwithstanding they were distinguished by Tribes , yet they are all nominated together , the House of Israel . So all the people of God let their distinctions be never so distant in respect of wealth , of natural birth , of descent or outward ornament ; they are brethren of the same Family notwithstanding . Beloved , let us look to this Point , we are all brethren , and all of the same House . Is it not a shame then when one brother is full , to suffer another to die with famine and hunger ; for one of the same House to let his brother sinck under reproach and disgrace , not offering his assistance , or his hand to help him , and prevent his extremity . If this be the task and duty of Christians , that they should especially look to them of the Houshold of Faith ; let the instruction stir up our endeavours to the performance of this duty ; and above all the affection we bear to others , let the respect we bear to the people of God be advanced . Saith our Saviour Christ , when you come to a place , ask who is worthy : and I could heartily wish that you ( who intend any work of mercy , out of the estate which the providence of God hath enabled you withal , according to the command of this duty ) would propound the same rule unto your selves , enquiring first who are worthy . Bestow not your charity at randome , as it is the manner of many ; such are in want ; and they look no further : but enquire where you may be furnished with better directions , who are worthy , and who are of the houshold of Faith , and inhabitants of the Family ; such you are to labour to find , and having found them , look to them . And the more to incite you to this duty , know that Christ calls for it , and doth continually expect it ; He would have you ( especially ) to have an eye to his members : I was hungry , and you did not feed me ; he calls for it that gave you your wealth . Neither doth he demand any thing that is not his own , as David confesseth in his Provision for the Temple , of thine own have I given thee : so you may account of whatsoever Christ calls for , if it be to your estate ; it came by his donation , and he gave it you first . If you bestow any gift on your Children , you think you may reserve that power unto your selves , to take it again at your pleasure and give it unto whom you list ; and shall not God be allowed that priviledge , he that confers many liberal blessings on thee ? Sure thou art much in his debt , and it argues too foul an ingratitude if he lend thee a Million , and thou refusest to pay him a Mite . Again , if he call for it , 't is not for thy loss that he requires it , but will give thee better riches , Ask of him , and he will give you the holy Ghost ; nay , the kingdome of Heaven : and those are riches farr above the value of any substance thou enjoyest ; Ask of him and he will forgive your sins , 10000. Talents , whereas hedemands but one penny of thee . I dare say he doth greater things for thee already , then he desires for others . Again , consider what want you have of him that demands this . He gives you dayly bread , ( give us this day our dayly bread ; ) if you did nor receive dayly bread , and a blessing on it from him , you neither could have bread , nor enjoy life by it . Again , mark on what terms he requires it , 't is but to belent ; and to be lent upon Usury too . Many covetous earth-worms , would be glad to hear of the most advantage by Interest of mony , yet no Usury is lawful except this and this is spoken ( in this phrase ) to no other purpose , but to convince the world of sin , that seek gain to their own loss , and procure their profit a wrong way . He that gives to the poor , he lends to the Lord upon Usury . It is the confession of the Usurer , that to receive ten in the hundred , is great gain ; and he concludes , that much advantage doth acrue to his Coffers , and accounts it a prosperous profession . Miserable trading , when we exchange our Souls , and expose them to eternal destruction ; for the procurement of a little wealth of this world , which hath not a minutes subsistance . But This is the trade of advantage , not ten in the hundred , but a hundred for ten , nay a hundred for one . To enjoy a hundred for one here , and ( in the world to come ) eternal life , is advantage far above the comparison of any gain the earth can afford us . Further , mark who it is that asks this at thy hands , even he whose favour thou must one day seek ; for whose countenance thou wouldest , give all the world ; it is he before whose seat thou must appear , that calls for this duty of doing good with thy estate while thou enjoyest it : deny not this small courtesie to him , lest his favours ( being abused ) turn into anger , and thou become a miserable instance of his heavy displeasure . No man desiring the favour of a Prince or Judge in some business of importance , but would gladly embrace an occasion of doing him a pleasure , before the tryal of his cause , that so the Judge may take notice of his good will , and gratifie his kindness . Beloved , we have , special use for the favour of Christ , and must all appear before his Judgment seat . Now we have opportunity sufficient , Christ in his poor members of the houshold of faith comes to you , expecting favour at your hands ; he wills you to do good to them , and to him in them ; What you bestow on them , he accounts as a courtesie to himself . In as much as you have done it to these , it extends unto him ; and what is denyed them , he takes it as an injury to himself , Inasmuch as you have not done it to those , you have not done it to him . Therefore , look how you extend mercy here , to enjoy it hereafter ; and as you expect the favour of the Judge , make way for his kindness , by the performance of his will , in a seasonable contribution during this life ; he that useth not mercy here , shall find none hereafter ; and Judgment shall be merciless ( saith the Apostle ) to them that shew not mency , Nay , look that such mercy be shown as God expecteth ; you that are wealthy , according to the wealth , and riches you possess . God will accept of no beggarly present from a wealthy man , neither will he receive a poor reward from the Coffers of him that hath hoarded up much red clay : where he hath sown liberally , he will reap leberally . Look to it , for Christ looks for it . Wouldest thou reap liberally in that day ? then sow liberally in the mean time . Do according to your several abilities , and opportunities : and when you meet with advantage to do good , take it chearfully , and make use of it willingly ; it will much commend thy love to Religion , and improve thine own good in the conclusion . So much shall serve now for this point ; You see in a word the meaning and intent of the Apostle is this , that every man according to his estate and ability , while he hath time and means , should bestir himself to do good . A word for the occasion in Hand . Funeral Sermons ( faith Saint Austin ) are not comforts to the dead , but helps to the living . It is for their sakes that survive , that God hath given us these occasions ; and for your sakes that are yet living , that I have chosen this Text ; where you have the rule and the example concurring together . The life of our deceased Sister , was but a commentary upon this Text ; She hath been ( amongst those that knew her , in her life ) a lively pattern , and example , of the performance of every duty , that we have now spoken of . It pleased God to translate her as a choice Plant from a far Countrey ) a Nurcery amongst the Churches in other parts ) into his Vineyard , into his Garden , into his Orchard : his Church here in England . Since she came hither , and hath been planted here ; She became no fruitless , nor dead tree , but according to the blessing promised to that man which meditates in the law of God , day and night : She brought forth fruit , and had a green lease among us . She brought forth abundance of good fruit , and is laid in the earth with the green lease of a good name , and flourisheth now , as a good example to those that live , even being dead . After , it pleased God when she came to England , to reveal to her , the way of salvation more fully then she knew before , to make her understand more clearly of the power of godliness , and what the practice of Christianity meant , which she before had received only in the Theory , in forms of doctrines , but not so heartily , and serously looking into them . She grew very covetous of good company , and ( the benefit that comes by that ) good conference and example . She made great advantage of her time , in the large sense of doing good . She took her opportunities to do good to her self and her soul , by the obtaining of the knowledge of God in Christ ; and yet nevertheless , even towards her latter end ( not being perswaded that she had done enough that way ) she promised to act Maries part more lively , if God would spare her longer time on earth , and exceed her former vertues , by her latter endeavours , and to refrain from Martha's troubles . Those opportunities she embraced in health ( by the providence and goodness of God ) were managed by her , with such care and respect , that success followed their conclusions with much advantage . She increased in love ( that radical grace ) as the sap doth increase in the root , extending that love to Christ and to the servants of God : ever delighting in their company ; prizing them at a high rate , as the only excellent ones , and some very poor and weak Christians ; naming them according to the phrase of our Saviour , worthy persons ; and such a one was a worthy man , or a worthy woman , being the tearms wherewith she expressed her honourable esteem of those that seared the Lord. Besides , in the whole course of her life she exercised the Scriptures , I have seen notes of her own gathering out of the Scripture : wherein it seemed she desired to become a profitable reader , in making use of such particular places as struck against such corruptions , which she was more especially desirous to take notice of : and such directions to duties , and incouragements by promise were likewise inserted therein , that ( I am perswaded ) I cannot do better then to commend this duty to the practice of all the servants of God , that when they come to peruse the Scriptures , they would furnish themselves with pen and inke , and then upon all occasions they may be noting down somewhat for their own advantage : that they may have a manual , or little book of observations , for their guide and direction in the course of their lives . She was a hearty hater of sin , and of all evil , and the appearance thereof , being careful to do good so far as she was convinced in any thing to her revealed , and willing to receive instructions , and to be informed in those things that were not revealed . Those that knew her may well witness with me , that she never neglected the smallest occasion conducing to the improvement of her soul in the wayes of goodness . But for the second , the main intent of this Text , and the reason for which I took it , in this particular duty , I may resolve you , as it is said of the vertuous woman ( and may speak truly , in the simplicity of an honest heart ) Many daughters have done excellently , but thou surmountest them all . I never knew any woman in my life more active and ready to do the works of charity : according as opportunity and her ability made way for the same . Not only of her own , wherein she took her Husbands consent with her ; But where she prov'd unable of her self to supply the necessities of others : her labours and endeavours to incite , and stir up others , made full satisfaction in the room of her benevolence , and she became an industrious Christian in that kind . That I have observed , herein she was ever large and boundless : sowing her seed in the morning , and her hands ceased not in the evening : she gave a portion to seaven , and also to eight : and as any came in her way that were in extream necessity , she became a present helper of every of them , according to their several necessities . She was very tender hearted , and that which she bestowed to relieve others ; was done in compassion of heart towards those that endured misery . But as she saw any of the houshold of Faith , and the servants of God which she took notice of by some infallible sign : she did not only relieve them with her Purse , but receive them into her heart , which was still open and enlarged to give them entertainment . She was not straitned in her bowels toward them , but was large hearted , and large handed , full of Almes , when that might help ; and when it could not , she provoked others to exercise the like charity . Besides , she had other wayes to succour them , in speaking for them , and stirring up others to speak for them , when words might availe them and do them good ; relieving them with money , and provoking others thereunto , when such contributions were needful ; and therein she would not let slip the least opportunity , but would take the advantage of great and solemn meetings ; seasoning those feasts which she frequented with some acts of mercy before they parted , that the company and society she conversed with , might savour of this sweetness of mercy as a precious oyntment , and become good examples unto others ; and improve the gifts and abilites which God had given them to the same purpose . She was not only mindful of those at home , but her goodness extended to the Saints abroad . And not in respect of Nature only , because they were come into the Countrey where she was born , ( I speak now of those that live in distress and exile , of the Palatinate , and Germany , ) but in respect of Grace . She was wondrous industrious and laborious , to procure all the means that might be to send over to help them , and even refreshed the bowels of the Saints ; that I may truly say , the loynes of the poor , blessed God for her in many places . In what place hath she lived , and hath not left a savour behind her ? nay , ( almost ) in what company hath she conversed , but this particular duty hath been as a precious oyntment to sweeten the conversations of all that were about her ; and to work in their minds a vertuous intention and propenseness to this duty ? Beloved , here you have her in her carriage and example . What she was in her behaviour towards her Husband , and her Children , I need not speak , there are enough can witness it ; she carried her self as became a Wife to him , and a helper of the servants of God with prayers and desires , and often provocations and incitings that way . But for her Children , she seem'd to undergo a second travaile with them , till Christ were formed in them ; being full of earnest desires and petitions for the working of Grace , where it was not begun , and for the persecting thereof , where it was newly entred . She rejoyced exceedingly in any expression of good , and more for that of Grace , then any other inclination or respect . Beloved , this was obvious and common to all , and any man might take special notice thereof daily , and observe it constantly . In her servants , as there appeared the more grace in any ; so much the more respect she extended towards them . In the poor , as she perceived the more grace in any ; the more reliese they received from her , &c. I say nothing what ( in all this ) she suffered ; those that were acquainted with her disease , know what paines she under-went in respect of her body , and with what patience she submitted to the hand of God in all things ; And many know the wrong she endured from the World , for her desire and care to do good when she obtained opportunity . Some thought her over-bold , some too busie ; others thought her proud and vain-glorious , because of her often frequenting of company , and speaking openly , for the provoking of others to the exercise of goodness . The Lord smite their hearts that are guilty of mis-judging ; that which we are to suppose in respect of her forward disposition is this . She was naturally of a free spirit , which being sanctified with Grace , and sharpned with love and zeal for the glory of God ; made her the more resolute and familiar in frequenting good company ; not to magnisie her self by their society , but that her continual conversation with them , might give her the better occasion to incite and stir them to goodness . Let those that are guilty of misprision , leave to censure her Vertues , and convert them into an example for themselves to walk in , if they do not , the neglect will load their souls with more woe for such contempt , then she hath received joy for her labour . What concern'd her in her sickness , briefly I have not much to say ; in that they which were about her daily , know more then I can relate : She did not only express a satisfaction and assurance of heart , that her reconciliation was made with God in Christ : but besides that , a willingness and desire to be dissolved , ( for that reason ) that she might be with Christ . A Minister that was with her , asking how she that had a Husband and Children , enjoying an estate and many other comforts , could be willing to forgo so many blessings , and exchange them all for death ? She from that inward sence and perswasion of Gods love to her in Christ , concluded ; my Husband is dear , and my Children are dear to me , but Christ is dearer . Therefore I am willing to forgo Husband and Children , and all the contents you can number in this life , that I might live with Christ , to partake of greater felicity then this world can afford me . And now the Lord Jesus hath received her into his own protection , and satisfied her expectation with the performance of his love . But wherefore have we spoken all this ? what , that we might add any praise unto the dead ? no : But to quicken those that are living , and incite them to the like duty . Some may think it impossible there should be such activeness in doing of good ; and such unwearedness in performing of the acts of mercy , and where ( say they ) shall we find such an example ? you have it before your eyes ; and know that examples will rise in judgment against you , and condemn you , as well as precepts : If you follow them not , while they invite you . The Text saith ; Do good to all , especially to the houshold of faith . And here is an example before our eyes , of one who took her time , and opportunity to do good to all , especially to them of the houshold of Faith. Go thou , and do likewise . DEATH PREVENTED : OR , MORTALITY CHANGED . SERMON XL. JOB 14.14 . All the dayes of my appointed time will I wait to my change come . THis Book of Job comprehends the History of a good man , and of his many tryals . Though goodness deliver from Hell , yet it priviledgeth not from temptatious , or crosses ; yea , the more eminent Holiness is , many times the more it is exposed to sharp and manifold assaults . Job is set upon on all sides , he found the Devil a fore enemy , and his great estate a suddain shipwrack ; his Children in a moment crusht to pieces . He had but three Points of Land to look at in this troublesome sea , and every one of them seemed rather to augment , than to lessen the storm . His Wife , whose breath should have sweetned and eased his grief , was an impatient vexation . His friends , whose counsels and compassions should have been an easie harbour , and tender relief , they became his bitter and censorious judges . Yea , his God , who by his own testimony he served , and feared with singular uprightness ; and whose bowels are ever tender and compassionate to such , and upon whose gracious acceptance he thought to quiet and anchor his troubled spirit ; yet anon he seemed not only a stranger , but an enemy ; and this went deep , that even Mercy it self seemed cruel , and Kindness so unkind and harsh . But what was his behaviour under all these ? For the general , sweet and heavenly ; For some particulars , sad and weak ; when saith did work he was above all his storms . In the deepest calamity , saith can settle and compose the soul , and fill it with the sweetest comforts . When sence and nature did work , then he was much impatient , and the wind had the better over him : In the one be shews himself a Christian , In the other a man : In the one Job is beyond himself , in the other below himself . According to the time and manner of these several workings , he is like or unlike himself . Thus it is with the best , whose outward change doth not more vary ; but their inward carriage doth as much change . At length Job after many disputes with his friends , and conflicts with himself , concenterates his thoughts in two main Points . 1. One was still to trust in God , let him be what he will , and let him do what he will , though he should continue his present trials , yea and exceed them ; though he should kill me , yet saith he ( Chap. 13.15 . ) though he stay me , I will trust in him , and there he disposeth of his soul . 2. Another was to prepare for death ; all the dayes of my appointed time I will wait till my change come , and there he disposeth of his body . Many arguments he layeth down in this Chapter which did occasion him to these thoughts and resolutions . The first is the brevity of mans life : Vers . 1 , 2. Man that is born of a Woman is of few dayes , he cometh forth like a Flower , and is cut down ; he fleeth also as a shadow , and continueth not ; He saith not years , nor moneths , nor weeks , but dayes , and these dayes not many but few , and these few dayes , not long , but short , as quickly set as the shadow , as quickly cropt as the flower . Secondly , the misery of that short life , in the same place , and full of trouble ; as if every Article of life were replenished with sorrow , even as every vein of the body is with bloud : this his own experience could tell him . Thirdly , the certainty of Death , The Sun hath his appointed race , which in the Winter is short , in the Summer long , but in both it hath a certain time of setting ; so the race of mans life , to some it may be shorter , to some longer , but the night will come , and all must be closed up in Death , vers . 5. His dayes are determined , the number of them , they are with thee , thou hast appointed his bounds which be cannot passe ; and if so , then high time for Job to think of it , and prepare for it . Death began in a manner to seize on him already in several parts ; in his feet , for his wealth was gone ; in his loynes , having lost his children ; in his heart , his friends leaving him ; in his bosome , for his wife was a discomforter ; nay , in his very life it self , so much as was wrapt up in the outward part of his body , for that was diseased ; in his speech and spirits , they grow hoarse and faint , all these were the harbingers of a future dissolution . Well therefore might Job conclude , ever I must not live , and long I cannot live ; therefore though in much misery , and in had dayes . I will think of Death , and fit my self for a good end , and apply my self seriously , and wisely for a good work ; All the dayes of my appointed time will I wait till my change come . Which words contain in them two parts . First , his future dissolution , which he calls a change , and a change that is coming upon him , as if he had been the next man , till my change come . Secondly , his present disposition , I will wait , he thinks of death , before death , and prepares to die , while yet he lives . Neither was this a death pang , a sit , a humour which began quickly , and expired suddenly . Nay , he will make it a serious business , as if this should be his every dayes work ; All the dayes of my appointed time will I wait . Some read it of my appointed warfare , and others of my appointed labour ; they all intimate that he means by his appointed time , his appointed life ; the lease or term of breathing , which God had allotted , allowed , and decreed . There are two propositions which naturally issue from the words , and comprehend the juyce and marrow of the Text. First , that there is a change , which will befall the sons of men . Secondly , we should alwayes wait till it come ; I begin with the first ; that , There is a change which will befall the sons of men . Be we poor , or be we rich ; be we noble , or be we ignoble ; be we prosperous , or be we afflicted ; be we strong , or be we weak ; be we old , or be we young ; be we good , or be we bad ; be we male , or be we female ; whatsoever our natures be , whatsoever our parrs be , whatsoever our places be , whatsoever our ages be , whatsoever our courses be , whatsoever our wayes be ; how fair and how durable our estates may appear , yet at length there is a change which will befall us . That which Jacob spake in a pathetical way , Joseph is not , and Simeon is not ; may truly be said of all the sons of men ; once they were , now they are not : though once we reckoned them upon our account , yet at length they are shut out , and stand aside as cyphers . But that you may the better understand what change it is that is here meant , you are to know , that there is a fourfold change . First , a change of the condition , this I call a temporal change , wherein some , or more , or all , of our outward comforts , are shrivelled , and seared up by some present misery . When poverty breaks in upon us , as the hunter doth upon his game ; and causeth our riches as so many birds ( to which Solomon compares them , ) to take to themselves wings and flie away . When sickness stayeth our health in the bed , and imprisoneth us to the chamber . When our friends glide away from us , like a river through their Apostacy , or start aside like a broken bow through their falshood or treachery . When the neer relation of Husband and Wife . Parents and Children is cut asunder , and the many sad tears for their loss , imbitter all our former comforts . But this is not the change intended in the Text. Secondly , there is a change of the Body , and this I call a corporal change , for even these vild bodies of ours shall be changed . Look as the spring is a refreshing change to the season of the year , so shall the Resurrection be an exceeding change to our bodies ; or as the morning is a change to the night , so at the Resurrection shall our bodies awake , and their corruption shall put on incorruption ; neither is this the change which Job here intends immediatly , though some expound his aim to be at this , from whom I cannot absolutely dissent , yet I think they hit not the right scope . Thirdly , there is a change of the Soul , that I call a Spiritual change , wrought in the soul by the spirit of God : nothing makes in this life such a change as true grace . We all with open face , beholding as in a glass the glory of the Lord , are changed into the same image from glory to glory , even as by the spirit of the Lord , 2 Cor. 3.18 . This change is like the turning of a disordered instrument , or like the refining of corrupt mettal , or like the clearing of the dark air ; or like the quickening of a dead Lazarus ; but neither is this change that the text intends . Fourthly , there is a change of the life , and this I call a mortal change , we shall all be changed , faith the Apostle , 1 Cor. 15.5 . life hath the first course , but death will have the second . As in a Comedy several persons , have several parts to act , which when they have dispatched ; they all draw off of the stage ; so though in life we all present our selves on the stage of this world , and act several Scenes and parts , yet at length we must all retire and pass away through one and the same door of mortality . This is the change which Job speaks of , to wit , a change of this life by Death . Here then are two things to be demonstrated , and proved , for the making good of the point in hand , viz. 1. That death is a change . 2. That this change of death will befall all the sons of men . First , that Death is a change , not an anihilation . A change is a different , and a divers order , or manner of being . Anihilation is one thing , and mutation is another thing : there the thing ceaseth utterly to be ; here the thing only ceaseth to be as once it was ; so it is with Death , it doth not reduce us to nothing , but alter our former something , it changes our manner , or order of being , not our being absolute●…y . Now observe , Death is a change in five respects ; First , it changes that neer union of the Soul and the body , and makes of one two severals ; they that were as the hands mutually clasped , or as two persons conjugally tyed together , when Death comes it plucks them asunder , and divides one from the other , as far as heaven is from the earth . Secondly , it changes our actions or work . Whiles life remained here in our bodies , while our day lasted , we might have sed the hungry , clothed the naked , visited the sick , relieved the distressed , frequented the ordinances , bewailed our sins ; but when death once enters , the night is come , in which no man can work , thou art then turned , changed into an insensible , rotten , and loathsome carkass . Thirdly , it changes our country . Whiles we live here , we are as children put abroad to school in a strange place ; hence it is we are so often in the Scripture called Pilgrims and strangers . This earth , this lower world is not the proper home of the Soul. But when Death comes we change our country , we go home to our own place , to our own City ; the wicked shall go to their own place , as it is said of Judas ; and the godly to their own Mountain , to their own Kingdome . Fourthly , it changes our company . In this life we converse with sinful men , empty creatures , infinite miseries , innumerable conflicts ; but when Death comes , all this shall be changed , we shall go to our God , and Father , to our Christ and Saviour , and to the innumerable company of blessed Angels and Saints , and the spirits of just men made perfect . Fifthly , it changes our outward condition . When Death comes thou shalt never see the wedge of gold again , thou shalt never find thy delights in sin any more , all the excellency of the creature , and the contentments of them , and the sensual rejoycing in them , shall go out with life : Death shall shut and close them up in an eternal night , which shall never rise to another day . So much for the first thing , that Death is a change . I come now to speak briefly of the second , that this change of Death will besal all the sons of men , Psal . 89.48 . What man is he that liveth , and shall not see death , shall be delive●… his soul from the hand of the grave ? We love to see most things , the eye is never satisfied with seeing , and yet many things there are which we shall never see . Every man cannot see that which one man doth , but there is one thing which every man shall see , he must see death . There are many enemies from whom we can deliver our selves , and many more from whom we may be delivered ; but yet there is one enemy from which we cannot desend our selves , nor be defended by others , he will be too strong for every man ; let him strive , repine , order his dyet , intreat , do what he will or can ; No ( faith the Psalmist ) none shall deliver his soul from the hand of the grave . And he puts a Selah , a note of observation at the end of the verse . That all the sons of men are subject to this change by death , will appear to you by these familiar Arguments . The First may be taken from the quality of our lives , which is sweetly set out in the Scripture under the terms of changeable things , all which point out unto us the certainty of death ; Sometime our life is compared to a shew , Psal . 39.6 . Surely every man walketh in a vain shew . In a shew you know there is some devise or other opened , carryed a-while about , but at length it is shut up ; so it is with our lives . Sometime again it is compared to a shade or a shadow , Job 8.9 . Our dayes upon earth are a shadow ; a shadow is but an imitation of a substance , a kind of nimble picture which is still going and coming , and will set at last , perhaps it is suddenly ecclipsed , so is our life . Sometimes again it is compared to a vapour , James 4.14 . What is your life , it is even a vapour that vanisheth away . like a poor cloud , sometimes looking white , sometimes black ; sometimes quiet and settled , sometimes again tossed up and down with every wind , and at last consumed and brought to nothing , so it is with our lives . Sometimes also compared to a Tale , Psal . 90.9 . We spend our years as a tale : hat is told , a meer discourse of this thing , and that thing , and indeed but a very parenthesis of a more tedious discourse , and many times it is broken off in the very telling , so it is with our lives . Sometime again , it is as grass , as in Isa . 46. The voyce said cry aloud ; what shall I cry , all flesh is grass , and the goodliness thereof as the flower of the grass . And verse 7. The grass withereth , and the flower fadeth , because the Spirit of the Lord bloweth upon it . And Job in this chapter calleth it a Flower , He cometh forth ( faith he ) like a flower , and is cut down . A flower is a sweet thing , but of an earthly breed , sed with showers , at its best , when it is in all its glory , it is but to day , and to morrow , it withereth , and is fit for nothing but the Oven ; so it is with our lives . Many expressions of the like nature might be added , the Scripture is plentiful in these comparisons , comparing our life to the Spiders web , to a Weavers shuttle , to the breath of a candle , to a pilgrimage , to a journey , to the dayes of an hireling , &c. all of them things of a changeable and variable nature . The second argument may be taken from the quality of our Natures , and there in there are two things considerable , both which imply a certainty of death . First , our composition , and matter whereof we are made , we are reared out of a mouldering and wasting principle , our bodies are therefore stiled an earthly house , 2 Cor. 5.1 . A house though of Iron will in time be cankered ; but a house of earth , as it is most impotent against assaults , so it is of its own nature most apt , and subject to dissolution . And in this respect also they are termed Tabernacles . Now a Tabernacle you know is a thing of no perpetuity , made only to be soon set up , and that in a mans passage ; and then as soon taken down again . Secondly , beside this there is in our nature , sin and corruption , and this is it that doth put us to the sword , and cause this deadly change : this tears our lives with a continual consumption . The tree breeds the worm , which will destroy the life of the tree ; we in Adam gave leave to sin , and now it is that sin gives leave to death ; In the day that thou shalt eat there of , thou shalt surely die , Gen. 2.17 . and Rom. 5.12 . By one man sin entred into the world , and death by sin , and so death passed over all men , in that all have sinned . The shadow doth not so neerly attend the body of man as Death doth the body of sin . And Rom. 6.23 . the very wages of sin is death . God should do that man wrong that hath hired out his soul all his dayes to sin , if he did not at night pay him with the wages of death . The third Argument may be drawn from the certainty of the Resurrection , we all believe the resurrection of our bodies , and therefore we must needs conclude a change of our bodyes , for what is the Resurrection but life from death , for the dead to hear the voyce of Christ and live ? What is it but a breathing in of the soul again , the lighting of the candle again ? the body could never be raised if it were not first changed ; Thou fool , faith Saint Paul , 1 Cor. 15. that which thou sowest is not quickned , except it die . The fourth Argument is from the infalibility of Gods decree , it is appointed unto men once to die , and after death to come to Judgment , Heb. 9.27 . Thou maiest sooner expect , that the course of the heavens shall be altered , and the Center of the earth be dislocated , then that the purpose of God concerning mans mortality should be reversed ; any , that may be , for heaven and earth shall pass away , but this shall never be , not one jot of the word of God shall fall to the ground . God hath purposed it ; and none shall dissanul it ; nay , he hath established his purpose with a word of confirmation , Gen. 2. in the day thou eatest therefore thou shalt [ surely ] die . As if he should have said , Do not deceive thy self , but build upon it , I have spoken it , and will not alter the thing that is gone out of my mouth ; as sure as thou livest , if thou eatest , thou shalt die . Thus you see the first assertion cleared unto you , I will address my self now to the second , of which brieffy too , and then make Application of them both together . As there is a certainty of our change , so we should alway wait till it doth come . There are two things which I will here inquire of , for the fuller illustration of this point . First , what this continual waiting may import . Secondly , why there should be such a constant waiting for the day of our mortal change . First , this continual waiting mainly imports two things ; one a certain axpectation of death : for waiting is an act of Hope expecting something . If we do hope for that we see not , then do we with patience wait for it , saith the Apostle . Rom. 8.15 . a man is then said to wait for death , when he is looking for it at every turn , as a Steward waits for his Master when he continually expects his return , when upon every voyce he hears , or upon every knock at the door , he saith , oh my Master is come , this is he that knocks . So a man is said to wait for death , when in every action of his life , in every motion of his estate , in every passage of his courses , saith ; well I must die , when though his bones are full of marrow , yet I must die ; when though riches come in like a flood , yet I must die ; when changes appear upon himself , or others , yet I must die , I have no abiding here ; I am but a sojourner , and a stranger , as all my fathers were . I must not enjoy my Wife for ever , Children for ever , Friends for ever , Lands for ever , these comforts for ever , my life for ever , it is but a lease which may soon expire ; I am but a steward , and I must be called to an account , such a one is gone before , and I must follow after ; the writ of Habeas Corpus hath seized on him . and for ought I know the next may be for me , so when death comes , I am ready to answer it as Abraham did his Son Isaac , here I am ; it comes not upon me as a thief in the night , when I am asleep and think not of him ; but as Jonathans arrow to David , who stayed in the field and expected when it should be shot , and then he rose up and embraced him : Yee brethren ( faith Paul in 1 Thes . 5.4 . ) are not in darkness , that that day should overtake you as a theif , ye are all the children of the light , therefore let us not sleep as do others , but let us watch and be sober . This is the first thing that waiting imports . Another thing it imports , is a serious preparation for the day of our change ; for it is not a naked expectation of a change , arising from the certainty of death ; but it is also a religious preparation , improving the intrim of time for the best advantage for a mans soul before the day of change doth come , which is here implyed in waiting . Solomon calls it a remembring , Eccles . 12.1 . Remember thy Creator in the dayes of thy youth , whiles the evil dayes come not , and the years draw nigh , when thou shalt say , I have no pleasure in them : what is this remembring of the Creator ? but a care to know him , a fear to offend him , a study to obey him : and when is that to be done ? Now , now remember : there must be a present acting of this ; Moses calls it a numbring of our dayes , Psal . 90.12 . and more then that , such a numbring as is joyned with an applying of our hearts to wisedome : and the reason is , because wisedome it directs to the choyce of such particular actions and works , as tend to happiness , so should a man ( after his serious consideration of death ) apply himself to such wayes and such actions , by which he may comfortably close up his life with death ; it is a great point of wisdome to sute actions with their ends , to sit and square the wood before we build the house , to learn and discipline a troop before they go to battel ; to rig and trim , and furnish the ship , before we launch to sea ; this is preparation indeed . Now this preparation for death consists in two things . First , in an undoing of that which unsits us to die : Brethren , he who is not fit to live , he is not yet fit to die , and that which ever masters the life , will be of greatest force in death . The Father spake it boldly on good grounds , I am not ashamed to live , nor afraid to die : now that which unfits a man to die is sin , it makes him find a bitter enemy of death . Oh when this Kng of terrours shall present himself by thy bed side with his arrows in his hands , I mean thy sins ; he will wound thee with infinite amazement and horrour ; the sting of death is sin , faith the Apostle , 1 Cor. 15. Thou dost not prepare thy self for death , if thou dost not undo thy sins which thou hast done in thy life : the which consists . First , in a narrow search of thy sinfulness , both of nature , and practice . Secondly , in a secret humbling of thy soul for them . Thirdly , in an unfeigned repentance and forsaking of them . Fourthly , in a constant imploring and obtaining of mercy for them , in the blood of Christ . If thy soul doth give sin its discharge now , death shall give thy soul a discharge hereafter . Secondly , in the qualifying our persons for the conquest of death ; there are three things by which we shall be able chearfully to meet , and assuredly to conquer death . First by having interest in the Lord Jesus , the sting of death is sin , and the strength of sin is the Law ; but thanks be to God who hath given us victory through our Lord Jesus Christ . If thou hast gotten Christ into thy arms by faith , thou carriest thy peace , strength , and advantage both through life and death . For we are ●…ove then conquerors through him that loved us , saith the Apostle , Rom. 8.37 . And to me to live is Christ , and to die is gain , faith the same Apostle , Phil. 11 21. If thou hast a good Christ , thou maist be consident of a good death . Secondly , renewedness of our nature . What Saint John spake of he Martyes ( as some conjecture ) Blessed and happy is he that hath part in the first 〈◊〉 , on such the second death hath no power ; that say I of a person renewed by the sanctifying quality of Gods Spirit ; I happy is he , he shall have power even over the first death . The Spirit and the Bride saith come , if a man hath gotten the heavenly Spirit which beautifies the soul with the ornaments of Grace , as the Bride is with her ornaments ; he is a fitted person , he may well say to Death come , and to Christ , come Lord Jesus , come quickly . Thirdly , uprightness of conversation , Righteousness delivers form death , saith Solomon , and the righteous hath hope in his death ; if a mans work be Christs service , if he have a heart enclined to keep a good conscience in all things , to keep himself exact to the rule , and to walk with God ; Blessed is that servant , which his Master when be cometh shall find so doing : that man that hath looked to Gods Word to guide his life , may confidently look up to Gods mercy , to comfort him in death . Remember O Lord , ( saith Hezekiah , Isa . 39. ) how I have walked before thee intru●…h , and with a perfect bea rt . Now all this doth the waiting for our change import in the Text , to wit , a serious expectation of it ; first by undoing those sins of ours , which else for eyer will undo us , and by interesting our persons into Christ , from whom we must likewise receive the Spirit to change our hearts , and uprightness to form a new our conversation . But then you will say , Why must there be such a waiting for this ●… these grave cloths are too sad for the freshness of our life , and would you have us be like the mad-man in the Gospel , who lived among the Sepulchres ? Nay , I beseech you let us consider , and settle our thoughts a little , & you shall be stayed with reason ; there are many strong Arguments & reasons why we should thus wait , both by expectation 〈◊〉 preparation . First , it is the main errand of our life ; God did not send us into the world to sin , and to adorn our selves with the creature , but to bring him some honour , and then to die : the factor is not imployed to take his pleasure abroad , but to do his Masters work , and then to return home . Tortullien confesseth he was a great finner , and therefore born to repentance ; therefore doth God give us life , and the Master allows the servant a candle to work by , that we may repent of our sins , and get our hold in Christ , and work out our salvation , and do the great business of believing , to be good and to do good , and so by Death to go up to heaven . Secondly , death is but once , and that needs to be well done which can be but once done ; if there might be another space after death , a second edition to correct the faults and escapes of the former , then a present and speedy preparation were not altogether so necessary ; but faith the Apostle , It is appointed for all men [ once ] to die , and after death to come to Judgment , Heb. 9.27 . no more but once . We usually shadow out Death with an hour-glass ; A fit emblem , but that when an hour-glass is run out , it may be turned again ; but this once out , can be set up no more , thou shalt never live to amend thy errours in dying ; O then how needful is it before-hand to prepare for Death ! Thirdly , when death hath done with thee , then God will begin with thee ; thou must once die , and after this come to judgment , Heb. 9.27 . To judgment , what is that ? thou must be presented before the holy , and just , and great God , who is the Judge of the quick and the dead , and with all that thou art , and with all that thou hast done , there must appear then before him all the courses of thy life ; all the bent of thy affections , all the secrets of thy heart shall then be pulled in peeces , and opened , and all thy works , and all thy words shall be exhibited , scann'd , and surveyed , and that with severity and righteousness ; how say you then , is it not fit to be preparing for Death , to sit thy soul , to reforme thy heart and life ? wilt thou be presented before Gods severe Judgment-seat with Usury in thy bags , with bribes and oppression in thy hands , with a scum of holiness in thy mind , with uncleanness in thy members , with drnnkenness in thy mouth , with swearing in thy tongue ? O Lord , I tremble to think of it . Fourthly , the soul when it is once gone by Death , can never be recovered any more , the tree may be cut , and that may grow again , the ship may be lost , and the wealth laboured up again , but if the glass be broken in peeces , it cannot be made whole again ; the soul of man is but one , and the loss of that one , is the loss of it for ever ; when death hath closed up thy eyes , thou shalt never have opportunity to pray more , to weep more , to humble thy self more , to fast more . Never any Prophet or Apostle shall come unto thee in the name of God more ; after death all the Ordinances cease unto thee for ever , and all the space of returning shall cease unto thee for ever ; thou shalt not lie a few years in flames of wrath , and then get leave to come out and take a better course ; O no , if once there , then for ever there ; this life is the time of mercy and space of repentance , but when Death shall deliver thee up to be judged by the Lord , thou must stand for ever to his sentence ; therefore as Christ spake , Agree with thine adversary while thou art in the way , lest the Judge deliver thee to the officer , and he cast thee into prison ; I tell thee thou shalt not depart thence , till thou hast paid the last mite , Luke . 12.58 . And get oyle into your lamps before the door be shut . Fifthly , consider it will be as much as thou canst do , to do the work of Death , when Death doth come ; therefore prepare and get all thy other work done before . For , my Beloved , consider three things ; First , Conscience usually is most active at the time of death ; a man that could withstand , and silence it in his life , yet when he comes to die , he shall here his voyce , and perhaps not be able to stand under the bitter indictments , and manifold accusations of it ; then it will spread the book of thy life before thee , and then , and there thou shall see thy sins as gastly presented , as if they were so many wounds newly made . Secondly , thy patience will be tried with variety of pain , interruption of sleep , every place will be a thorn to thee , and every action a burden . Thirdly , thy faith may be tried to the utmost , if thou lookest to thy Wise , her tears may trouble thee ; if to thy Children , their cries may perplex thee ; if to thy friends , they may be discomforters to thee ; and will Satan let the alone all this while , will he let him lie down in comfort , who would not scarce let him live an hour in peace ? oh what a victory would it be , if he could at the last make thee cast away thy considence ! it is true the cannot attain it , but he may desperately attempt it . Why brethren , who knoweth the power of these sharp temptations which may then beset him ? Verily , all the holiness which we have attained already , all the duties we have performed already ; we may then look on them with tears , and cry out , O why no sooner ? why no better ? why no more ? then all the strength of thy faith will be little enough to support thee . Will there then be a change befall even all the sons of men . Then ( to make some Use and Application of what hath been said to our selves . ) First , build no Tabernacles here ; We have here no abiding City . And , brethren , ( saith the Apostle ) 1. Cor. 7.29 , 30 , 31. The time is short , it remains that they that have wives , be as if they had none ; and they that weep , as though they wept not ; and they that rejoyce , as though they reioyced not , &c. Why this thirst for riches ? there will be a change ; why this unwearied seeking after the things of this life , as if thy soul were to go into a barn , or a bag , and there tumble it self for ever ? Thou fool , this night may thy soul be taken away , and whose possessions shall then thy careful and only gettings be ? the glass will be broken , and all the wine will fly abroad : though thou hast with much eagerness grasped the world in this life , yet in death thy hands must open ●…emselves , and let it go ; thou must not hold the world above thy life , nor thy life beyond the day of death ; no we cannot alway have that which we desire , we must certainly part with what we most esteem of . Secondly , what comfort is this to a good soul ! If we had hope only in this life ( faith Saint Paul ) we of all men are most miserable , 1 Cor. 15. Death is a happy change to a holy person . First , it is a change which shall put a period to all his changes in this life : his outward condition , how oft doth it change ? sometime by joy and sorrow , sometime by comfort and misery , by health and sickness , by abundance and want , but when Death comes , all sorrow shall fly away for ever ; thou shalt never be more troubled with a sick body , with a sad estate , with common losses ; but the change of a temporal life , shall set thee in a full and settled possession of an heavenly . His inward condition how oft doth it change ? sometime free , anon distressed ; now a sweet view of heaven , anon darkned with fear ; now rejoycing in Christ , anon buffeted with Sathan ; now blessing God for grace , anon distracted with the insolent workings of remaining corruptions : but when death comes , then comes a change of all this , it will release thee for ever of sin and Sathan ; after death sin shall be a burden no more , and Sathan shall be a tempter no longer , but thou shalt be as happy as thou canst desire , and shalt enjoy thy God , and thy Christ , without fear of trouble , in glory , in felicity , in eternity ; all the cruel insolencies of tyrants , shall come short of thy soul , thou shalt be above their malice , and beyond thy self . Secondly , it is a change , and no worse then a change , just as Joseph changed his garments , and went into Pharaoh ; so thou shalt put off thy body , and go into glory ; put off thy mortality , and go into immortality . Oh what terrour to wicked men ! a day of change will befal them ! Why didst thou say Oh David there is no bands in their death , and they are not in changes like other men ? Verily I should have checked thee , hadst thou not recanted it presently thy self . Psal . 73.4,17,18,19 . and reported it to us , that they are set in slippery places , and are brought into desolation , and cast down into destruction in a moment , and utterly consumed with terrour ; Good Lord , what a change is that to them they judged with insolent and unrighteous judgment the Children of God now , but death will change this ; the unjust steward shall be called to a an account , and he that beat his fellow servant , shall be eternally judged by a righteous God , and their honour shall sinck in the dust , neither shall their riches deliver them from wrath , but they shall see him whom they have peirced and persecuted , and shall not be able to escape his presence . A dismal thing will this be , that a man shall have his honour die , and the great God put disgrace upon him ; a dismal change indeed , when a man shall see all his power changed into impotency , his pleasures into torment , and wrath put upon his soul ; when God shall seperate thee from his presence , thou shalt not have a drop of ease , nor any friend to assist thee , nor any hope of comfort , thou shalt be stript of them all , & in a monent shall a change of all this be . O consider this ( if there be any here ) that forget God , least he tear you in pieces and there be none to help ; remember and consider your latter end , and apply your hearts to wisdome . Last of all , shall there be a change that shall befal every son of man ? then , Oh that this people were wise as Moses faith , that they would remember their latter end , all the dayes of our appointed time , to wait till our change come . What do you think of servants to whom you had committed servile imployments till you came home ; and if when you come home they were absent , and you found one in the street drunk , another in a chamber with a strumpet , how would you take this ? Brethren think upon it ; we are Gods servants , or should be ; two things are imposed upon us , one to honour God , another to save our own souls : if he find us doing the works of the Devil , and the flesh , and find us in the works of the world , how will he take this ? Come faith God , I have lent you a life thus many years , I told you what you should be , and what you should do , and what have you been doing all this life ? what have your works been ? what courses have you taken ? are these the fraits of your wayes , to have a life run over with ignorance , with prophaness , &c. Alus ! when a man at that time shall have nothing to say but , Lo●…d , I have lived in such a sin all my dayes , I have fulfilled my own desires ; thou hast for me in this World , and I have laboured to get a great estate all my dayes : Another may say , I have spent my time in 〈◊〉 society , &c. What will God say to these men ? are these the endings of thy life , the fruits of thy opportunities ? where is the repentante I called for at thy hands ? where is that godly sorrow that I called for , for the sins of thy life ? did not I send thee into the world for this end , to get Grace , to get Faith , to make up thy accounts with me thy God , and hast thou no regand to it ? Well thou hast been foolish , inconsiderate for the time that is past ; yet now understand that a day of change will besal thee . O let us be perswaded , I beseech you be perswaded to it , in this our day , to know the things that concern our peace , whilest it is called to day , not to hearden our hearts ; whilest it is called to day not to deser our repentance , thou art not assured of any more time then present ; Death may meet with thee as thou sittest in thy feat , as thou goest out of the Church doer , and thou knowest thy heart hath been wicked ; oh why wilt thou set thy eternal estate upon so small a point , as it were the cast of a Die. Remember what Daniel said to Nabuohadnezzar , let it have acceptance with thee , break off thy sine by repentance , &c. Seeing we must die , and appear before the judgment feat of God , what manner of persons ought we to be in all holiness of life and conversation ? as soon as we are we begin to sin , and as soon as we are we begin to die , let us look upon our account and be faithful to our souls ; perhaps thy accounts are yet to make , oh be sure to let it be the first thing thou doest , and give thy self no rest till thou hast done it ; and when thou hast done this , labour to clear it with the bloud of Christ , labour by humble confession , and hearty repentance to turn unto the Lord ; go on in a holy course , and then assuredly we shall live with joy , and die with peace ; when we can get grace in our fouls , sorrow for our sins , new ness in our natures , reformation in our lives , uprightness in our wayes , faith in Christ , a discharge from God , peace of conscience ; oh what a happy day , the day of death will be to our Souls . ITER NOVISSIMUM . OR , MAN HIS LAST PROGRESSE . A SERMON Preached at the Funeral of the Right Worshipful , Sir THOMAS THINNE , Knight . SERMON XLI . ECCLES . 12.5 . Man goeth to his long home , and the Mourners go about the Streets . ALthough I might in the Kings ( King Solomon ) name command , yet I will rather in the Preachers ( his other stile ) humbly entreat your religious attention to the last Scene , and Catastrophe of mans life , consisting of two Acts , and those very short . 1. The dead his pass , he goeth , &c. 2. The Mourners march , they go about , &c. Where as the whole Scripture is a Volumn of divine Sermons , and the Author of every Book a Preacher , and every Chapter a lesson ; and every verse , and piece of a verse a Text. Gregory Nysscen reasonably demands , why this Book which treateth throughout of the vanity of the world , and misery of man , is intituled , The Book of the Preacher ? To pass by other answers rendred by him and others , not so pertinent to our present purpose , I conceive this title of the Preacher is in special set over this Book , to intimate unto us , that ( according to the Argument thereof ) there is no Doctrine so fit for all Preachers to teach , and all hearers to learn , as the vanity of the creature , and the emptiness of all earthly delights and comforts . And in very deed there is no meditation more serious , then upon the vanity of the world , no consideration more seasonable , then of the brevity and uncertainty of time it self ; no knowledge more wholsome then of the diseases of the mind ; no contemplation more divine , then of humane misery and frailty . Which though we read in the inscription of every stone , see in the fall of every leaf , hear in the knel of every bell , taste in the garnishing and sauce of every dish , smell in the stench of every dead corpses ; feel in the beating of every pulse : yet we are not sensible of it , we will not take knowledge of it , though we cannot be ignorant of it . In which consideration the Wise man , whose words are as goads and nails , vers . 11. pricks us deep with the remembrance hereof , so deep that he draws blood sanguinem anim●…e , the blood of the soul ; as Saint Austin tearmeth our tears , lachryme sanguis anim●…e . For who can read with dry eyes , that those that look out of the windowes shall be darkned . Who can hear without horrour , that the keepers of the house shall tremble , or consider without sorrow , that the daughters of musick shall be brought low ; or comment without deep setched sighs upon mans going to his long home , and the mourners going about the streets , to wash them with tears , and sweep them with Rosemary . Origen , after he had chosen , rather facere periculosè quam perpeti turpitèr , to burn Incense to the Heathen gods , then to suffer his body to be defiled by a Blackamore , and the flower of his chastity which he had so long time preserved to be some way blasted , at a Church in Jerusalem , goeth into the Pulpit , openeth the Bible at all adventures , intending to preach upon that Text which he should first light upon , but falling upon that vers . in Psal . 50. But to the wicked , saith God , what hast thou to do , to declare my statutes , or that thou shouldest take my covenants in thy mouth ? ( which contained his suspension ) shutteth his book , speaketh not a word more , but comments upon it with his tears : some thinks having read this Text , in which I find all our capital dooms written , I cannot do better , then follow that Fathers president , and shut up not only my book , but my mouth also , and seal up my lips , and comment upon the coherence with distraction , the parts with passion , the notes with sighs , the periods with groans , and the words with tears ; for alas , as soon as a man cometh into his short booth in this world , which he saluteth with tears , he goeth to his long home , in the next , And the mourners go about the streets . It is lamentable to hear the poor infant which cannot speak , yet , to boad his own misery , and to prophecy of his future condition , and what are the contents of his Prophecy , but lamentations , mournings and woes ? Saint Cyprian accords with Saint Austin in his doleful note , Vit●…e mortalis anxietates , & dolores , & procellas mundi quas ingreditur in exordio statim suo ploratu , vel gemitu rudes animae testatur ; Little Children newly born , take in their first breath with a sigh , and come crying into the world , assoon as they open their eyes they shed tears , to help fill up the Vale of tears , into which they were then brought , and shall be after a short time carried out with a stream of them , running from the eyes of all their friends . And if the Prologue and Epilogue be no better , what shall we judge of the Scenes and Acts of the life of man , they yeeld so deep springs of tears , and such store of arguments against our aboad in this world , that many reading them in the books of Hegesias the Platonick , presently brake the prison of their body , and leaped out of the world into the grave ; others concluded with Silenus , Optimum non nasci , proximum quam primum mori ; That it was simply best never to be born , the next to it to die out of hand , and give the world our salve , and take our vale at once . How-be-it though this might pass for a sage Essay , and a strong line amongst Philosophers , yet we Christians , who know that this present life to all that live godly in Christ Jesus , how full of troubles , cares , and persecutions so ever it be , is but a sad and short Preface to endless Volumnes of joy , an Eves fast on earth to an everlasting feast in Heaven , ought thus to correct the former Apophthegme , Optimum renasci , proximum quam primum mori ; That it is best to be new born , and then ( if it so please God ) after our new birth to be translated with all speed into the new Heaven . But soft we cannot take our degrees in Christs school per saltem , we must keep our Terms , and preform our exercises , both of faith , obedience , and patience : we must not look from the Font , to be presently put into the rivers of pleasures , springing at Gods right hand for evermore . We must take a toylsome journey , and in it often drink of the waters of Marah . We must suffer with Christ , before we reigne with him : We must taste of the bitter cup of his Passion , before we drink new Wine with him in his Kingdome : we must sow in tears here , that we may reap in joy hereafter . Every man goeth , though some set out sooner , some later , and shall arive at his home , but let him look to his way , as the way is he taketh , so shall the home be into which he is received , if he take the way on the right hand , and keep within the paths of Gods commandements , his home shall be the New Jerusalem descending from God , most gloriously shining with streets of gold , gates of pearl , and foundatious of pretious stones , where all tears shall be wiped from his eyes ; but if he take the broad way on the left hand and follow it , his home shall be a dungeon or vault in Hell , where he shall be eternally both mourner and Crops . But to shoot somewhat nearer to the mark : Marriages and Funerals though most different actions , and of a seeming contrary nature , yet are set forth and as it were apparelled with parallel rites , and ceremonies ; our rayments are changed in both , because in both our estate is changed ; Bels are rung , flowers are strowed , and feasts kept in both , and anciently both were celebrated in the night by Torch-light : He that hath but half an eye , may see in the Rituals , of the Ancients , the blazing and sparkling as well of the funeral , as the unptial lights ; and no marvail the shodows meet when the substance concur ; the pictures resemble one the other , when the faces match ; the accessaries are corresponding , where the principals are sutable as here they are ; for in marriage single life dieth , and in death the soul is married to Christ : The couple to be married in ancienter times , first met , and after an enterview and liking of each other , and a contract signed between them , presently departed , the Bride to her Mother , the Bridegroom to his Fathers house till the wedding day , on which the Bridegroom late in the night was brought to his Spouse , and then he took her and inseparably linked himself unto her : Here the couple to be married in man are the body and the soul ; at our birth the contract is made , but after a short enterview and small abode together , the parties are parted , and the body the Bride returneth to her Mothers house the earth , but the soul the Bridegroom to his Fathers house , the Father of spirits in Heaven , as both their guests are set forth in this chapter , verse 7. the dust returns to the earth as it was , and the spirit to God that gave it . But in the evening of the World at that dreadful night , after which the Angel swore there should be no more day or time here : the soul is given by God to the body again , and then the marriage is consummated ; and both for ever fast coupled and wedded for better , for worse , to run an everlasting fortune , and to participate either eternal joyes or torments together . Thus man is brought to his long home ; or as the Seventy and Saint Jerome renders the Hebrew , his house of eternity , and the mourners go about the streets : here is a short reckoning of all mankind , like to that of the Psalmist , who alluding to the name of the two Patriarchs faith , Coll , ADAM ABEL , All men are altogether vanity ; so here upon the foot of the account in Bonaventures casting , all appear wretched and miserable , describitur miseria mortis in morientibus & compatientibus , all are either dead corpses , or sad mourners ; corpses already dead , or mourners for the dead , and their courses , and motions are two . 1 Straight , man goeth , &c. 2 Circular , mourners go about . The dead go directly to the long home , the living fetch a compass and round about : the termini of which their motions shall be the bounds of my discourse at this present . Wherein that you may the better discern my passage from point to point , I will set up six Posts or standings . 1 The Scope . 2 Coherence . 3 Sense . 4 Parts . 5 Doctrine . 6 Vse . The scope will give light to the Coherence , the Coherence to the Sense , the Sense to the Parts , the Parts to the Doctrine , the Doctrine to the Vse . Wherefore I humbly entreat the assistance of Gods Spirit , with the intention of yours ; whil'st in unfolding this rich peece of Arras , I shall point with the finger to . 1 The main Scope . 2 The right Coherence , 3 The litteral Sense . 4 The natural Division . 5 The general Doctrine . 6 The special application of this parcel of holy Scripture . First the Scope . Although all other Canonical books of this old and new Testament were read in the Church ; yet as Gregory Nysscen acutely observes , this book alone is intituled Ecclesiastes , the Preacher , or Church-man ; because this alone in a manner tendeth wholly Ecclesiastical policy , or such a kind of life or conversation as becometh a Preacher , or Church-man . For the prime scope of this book , is to stir up all religious minds to set forth towards Heaven betimes in the morning of our dayes , Chap. 12. verse 1. Remember thy Creatour in the dayes of thy youth ; to enter speedily into a strict course of holiness , which will bring us to eternal happiness , to dedicate to God and his service , the prime in both senses , that is the first and best part of our time . For as in a glass of distilled water the purest and thinnest first runneth out , and nothing but lees and mouther at the last , so it is in our time and age . Optima queque dies miseris mortalibus avi , prima fluit . Our best dayes first run , and our worst at the last : And shall we offer that indignity to the Divine Majesty , as to offer him the Devils leavings ? storem at at is diabolo consecrare , f●…ecem Deo reserv are , to consecrate the top to the Devil , and the bottom to God ; feed the flesh with the flower , and the spirit with the bran ; serve the world with our strength , and our Creatour with our weakness ; give up our lusty and able members as weapons to sin , and our feeble and weak to righteousness . Will God accept the blind , and the lame ; the lean , and the withered for a sacrifice ? How can we remember our Creatour in the dayes of our age , when our memory and all other faculties of the soul are decayed ; How shall we bear Christs yoak , when the Grashoppers is a burthen unto us ? when we are not able to bear our selves , but bow under the sole weight of age ? What delight can we take in Gods service , when care , and fear , and sorrow , and pain , and manifold infirmities and diseases wholly possess the heart , and dead all the vital motions and lively affections thereof ? Old men are a kind of Antipodes to young men ; it is evening with them , when it is morning with these ; it is Autumne in their bodies , when it is Spring in these : the Spring of the year to decrepit old men , is as the Fall ; Summer is winter to them , and Winter death ; it is no pleasure to them to see the Almond-tree flourish , which is the Prognosticatour of the Spring , or the Grashopper leap and sing , the Preludium of Summer ; for they now mind not the Almond-tree , but the Cypress ; nor think of the Grashopper , but of the worm , because they are far on in their way to their long home , and the mourners are already in the streets , marshalling as it were their troops , and setting all in equipage for their funeral ; no dilectable objects affect their dull and dying sences , but are rather grievous unto them , as the Sun and Rain are to old stumps of trees , which make them not spring again , but rot them rather , and dispose them to putrifaction . And so I have past the first , and am come to the second Post or standing . The right Coherence . When they shall be afraid of that which is high , and fear shall be in the way , and the Almond trce shall flourish , and the Grashopper shall be a burthen , and desire shall fail , because man goeth to his long home . If this Consequence be firth , the Coherence must needs be good ; but if this be infirm and lame , that must needs be out of joynt , let us then Consider of the Consequence . Surely Aristotle seemeth to be of another mind , whose observation it is , old men that have their foot on Deaths threshold , would then draw back then leg if they could , & at the very instant of their dissolution are most desirous of the continuance of their life , and seeing the pleasures of sin like the Apples of Tuntales running away from them , they catch at them the more greedily , for wants is the whestone of desire , and experience offereth us many instances of old men , in whom Saint Pauls old man grows young again ; who according to the corruption of nature which Saint Austin bewaileth with tears , malunt libidinem explers quam extingai , they are so far from having no lust or desire of pleasures , as being cloyed therewith , that they are more insatiable in them then in youth ; the flesh in them like the Peacocks , 〈◊〉 coct a recrudescit , which after it is sod , in time will grow raw again , so in them after mortification by diseases and age , it reviveth . Sophocles the Heathen Poet might pass for a Saint in comparison of them , for he thanked God , that in his old age he was free from his most Imperious Mistris , lust : these men on the contrary , desir 〈◊〉 inthral themselves again in youthly pleasures , and concupiscence in them is kindled even by the defect of fewel ; it vexeth them that their sins for sake them ; that through the impotency of their limbs and faculties , they cannot run into the like excess as in former times : their few dayes before death ; are like Shrovetide Before Lent , they take their fill of flesh and fleshly desires , because they suppose that for ever after , they must fast from them . Thus they spur on their jadish flesh now unable to ran her for met Stages , saying ; let us crown our selves with Rose-buds , for they will presently wither , let us eat and drink , for to morrow we shall die . To reconcile the seeming difference between the miracle of humane wisdome , Aristotle ; and the Oracle of divine , Solomon , two distinctions may be made use of . Of old Age. 1 In the entry , when it is vigorous . 2 In the exit , when it is decrepit , et ne ad mala quidem bona . Of old Men. 1 As they ought to be . 2 As they are . When Euripides was taxed as too great a favourer of the semale Sex , because in all his Tragedies he brought in vertuous women , and fitted them with good parts to Act ; whereas Sophocles , and other Poets of that Age , brought lewd and immodest women upon the Stage , and put odious parts upon them ; he made this Apology for himself : others faith he , in their Poems set forth women as they are , but I , such as they should be : Solomom words are capable of a like construction , desire faileth because man goeth to his long home : that is , it doth in the best , and should in all ; for what a preposterous thing were it , for a man that hath one foot already in the grave , and is drawing the other after , to desire to cut a cross caper , and dance the morice ? or for him that is neer his eternal Mansion house , to hanker by the way , and feast and revel it in an Inn. Moreover , Solomon here speaketh of a B●…rzillai , who hath no taste of his meat , no sence of delight ; no use , in a manner , of sense , to whom dainties are no dainties , because he cannot taste them ; musick is no musick , because he cannot hear it ; sweet odours are no sweet odours ; because he cannot small them ; precious stones are no precious stones , because he cannot value them ; the fairest becaues are no beauties , because he cannot discern them : In a word , he speaketh of an old man in whom all carnal lusts are either quite extinct , or happily exchanged into spiritual , or swallowed up with sorrow and fear of death , and a horrible apprension of judgment . And so I come to the third Stage , which is the litteral sence and genuine interpretation of the words . As in Origen his Hexapla , every word almost had an Asterisk , or star upon it ; so there needs a star or some other light to be put upon every word of this Text , for there is a mist of obscurity upon each of them , and a man may well miss his way , if he know not exactly , who is here the man ? what 's meant by his going , or gate ? where is his long home ? and whence are these Mourners ? First , whether man be taken Collectivè , for the whole kind , or Species , as the Logicians speak ; or Distributivè for every man in particular , we shall seem to be at a loss . Man taken Collectivè , stirs not a foot to his long home ; for Philosophy reprieveth universal natures from death , or dissolution : and true it is , though single men every day die , yet mankind dieth not : If man be taken Distributivè , for all particular men of what rank or quality soever , we shall have much to do to distinguish the men in the former part of the Text , from the mourners in the latter . If all are attended with mourners to their funeral , then mourners themselves must have mourners ; and so either the train will be infinite , or the lag will be destitute of mourners . Secondly , why useth he this phrase of going , if it import death , sith some expect death and move not at all towards it ; some run to it , to some it is sent ; some leap into it , as Cleombrotus ; some ride to it in state , as Antioches Epiphanes ; some are tumbled down into it , as S. Purius , Melicus , some are dragged to it , as Seinus ? In a word , when death surprizeth most men , and that in all postures of the body ; why is dying here called going ? man goeth . Thirdly , where is this long home ? in Heaven , or in earth , Purgatory , or Hell ? If we speak of Heaven , or Hell , the Epithet long fals short , for they are eternal habitations : of Purgatory , or the grave ( suppose there were any Purgatory ) yet neither of them may be properly termed a long home , fith neither the body stayes long in the one , nor the soul in the other . Fourthly , whence are these mourners ? if they are mercenary and bired from home , they are no true mourners ; if they are true mourners , they keep their Closets , they gad not about the streets , they shut themselves long at home for their friends that are gone to their long home . To dispel all this mist of obscurity , and set a light upon each of the material words of the Text. I answer , To the first Qnerie , that a man is here to be taken , neither Collectivè , for all mankind in a lump , nor Distributivè for ever particular man without exception , but indefinite , or communiter ; for man in the ordinary course or tract ; for you shall hardly find a man that hath no friend to drop a tear into his Grave . As for the last men that shall stand upon the earth , and shall be alive at Christs coming ; they shall indeed pass by death properly , yet they shall die after a sort , by passing from a mortal estate , to an immortal ; and if their long home be Heaven , they shall need no mourners ; If hell , they shall want none to bear them company ; for at Christ second coming , all kindreds of the earth shall mourn before him . I answer , To the second , that going here is not taken pro motu progressive , in special , as walking , or running , but in general , for passing to another world which way soever , whether we make our way , or it be made for us ; whether we go to death , or death come to us ; nay whether we stir , or lie still ; whether we are found of foot , or lame ; never had feet , or have lost them , we go this way of all flesh , as I shall shew hereafter . I answer , To the third , that by long home , according to the Chaldee Paraphrase , is here meant the grave , or the place where our bodies , or ( to speake more properly ) our remains are bestowed and abide till the time of the restitution of all things ; the Original is Beth gnolemo , which S. Jerome renders domum et ern it at is sue , because from thence ( as Lyra noteth ) he never returneth to live here ; or the house of his hidden time , to wit , where he lyeth hid in his Coffin , and no eye seeth him : whereunto holy Job alluding faith , Chap. 14.10 . Man dieth and wasteth away , and giveth up the ghost , and where is he ? or domus mundi sui , ( as Caietan will have it ) the house of his world , meaning the world of the dead ; or domus seculi sui , the house of his generation ( as Pagnine , Montanus and Tremelius will express it ) the place where all meet who lived together , the randevouze of all our deceased friends , allies and kindred even as far as Adam : this home may be called a long gome , in comparison of our short homes from which we remove dayly , these houses we change at pleasure , that we cannot ; there our flesh , or our bones , or at least our ashes or dust shall be kept in some place of the earth or sea , till the Heavens shall be no more , Job 14.12 . I answer , To the fourth , that by mourners are here meant all that attend the corpses to the funeral , whether they mourn in truth , or for fashion ; and they are said here to go about the streets , either for the reason alledged by Bonaventure , quia predolore quiescere nequiunt , because they cannot rest for hearts grief and sorrow , or they go about the streets to call campany to the funeral ; or because they fetch their compass , that they might make a more solemn procession to the Church , or Sepulchre . Among the Romans , the friends of the deceased hired certain women whom they called preficas , to lament over their dead : for the most part among the Jewes this sad task was put upon widdows , or they took it upon themselves , as the words of the Prophet imply , and there were no widdows to make lamentation ; and of the Evangelist also , Acts 9.39 . and the widdows stood by weeping for Dorcas ; and indeed widdows are very proper for this imployment : When a Pot of water is full to the brim , a little motion makes it run over . Widdows , that are widdows indeed , and have lost in their Husbands all the joy and comfort of their life , have their eyes brim full of tears , and therefore most easily they overflow , viduae optime deflent viduas , Widdows are the fittestto bemoan widdows ; and what is the body void of the soul , but a widdow deprived of her loving mate ? these widdows went about the streets weeping and howling , to awake the living out of their dead sleep of security and to ring in their ears that lesson of the Prophet ; all flesh is grass , and the glory of it as the flower of the field . As in a great Clock , when the Index pointeth to the hour , the wheels move , the Clock strikes , and there is a great noise , till the plummets or weights touch the earth , so saith Filius Fabri in the same , when the Index pointeth to the last hour of a rich man ; the Bell rings , and there is a hideous and fearful noise of singers and mourners , and this continueth till the weight , to wit , the weighty corpses of the dead toucheth the ground , and is put into the earth ; after which the tumult ceaseth , and the loud musick is turned into soft and solemn , the Lidian , into Dorrick , and the shallow channels of tears , which made such a noise , shall run into the depth of silent sorrow , or Mare mortuum . And so I come to the fourth Stage . The natural division of the Text. There are but there things appertaining to man here . 1 Life . 2 Death . 3 Burial . And see they are all three in the Text. 1. Man goeth , there is his life . 2. To his long home , there is his Death . 3. And the Mourners go about the streets , there is his burial , described by pariphrasis . And so I am upon the fifth stage . The Doctrine , Mans life is a voyage , his death the term or period of this voyage , his Grave his home , and Mourners his attendance ; you may observe a kind of sequence in these observations in the Concatination of them ; the first linck draws the second , the second the third , the the third the fourth ; if our life be a pilgrimage , our death must needs be the term and our arival at our Country , if Death be our arival , the Grave must needs be the house for our bodies , if the Grave be our house , what fit attendance there but mourners ? Our life is a pilgrimage , so it is termed by Jacob , Gen. 47.9 . the dayes of the years of my pilgrimage are 130. years ; And by David . Psal . 119.54 . Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage ; and we are all pilgrims and strangers , 1 Pet. 2.11 . and our fathers were no better ; Psal . 39.10 . I am a stranger , and sojourner , as all my fathers were , Vita est via , & omnes Christianus viator . Our life is a way , and every man living in this world a passenger . A direct motion , and that continuate , & uninterrupted from the cradle to the coffin , from the womb to the tomb , is the way of all flesh , away in which children walk , before they can go , and old men crawl , when they cannot now go ; Infants who never had the use of their limbs , and impotent old who have lost them , yet run this race , where in though some make a longer line , and others a shorter , yet all finish their course : a strange race , wherein though a man stand still or sleep , yet he advanceth forward , and gaineth ground ; and he goeth so much the faster , by how much he is the weaker , for the less vigorous , the more speedily he tends to his long and last home : the hour-glass is running , whether the preacher proceeds , or marks a pawse ; and the ship is sayling whither it is bound , when we sleep in our cabine : so whether we wake or sleep , move or rest , be busie or idle , mind it , or mind it not , we walk on toward our long home . That which Saint Paul spake in a moral , or divine sense , Seneca makes good in a natural ; We die daily , for every day , nay every hour , we lose some part of our life ; as our years increase , so our time decreaseth ; for the more years , months , dayes , or hours that we have lived , the less we have to live : the glass is running , not only when the last sand drops out , but all the while : so we are expiring and dying , from the running of the first sand in the hour-glass of our life , to the last , from the moment we receive breath , to the moment that we breath out our last gasp . Thus the man in my text goeth , or rather runneth still in his natural course , that is , every man , for the word in the original is Adam , in whom we all die , who is so termed from Adama , the earth , not that more solid part of the earth , but the brittlest of all , red earth , sand , or dust , Pulvis es in pulverem ivis , Of dust thou art made , and dust shall be made of thee . Now if there be any living upon earth , who hath none of this earth in him , let him balk the way of all flesh ; but if the earth be an ingredient , nay , a predominant in his composition , then assure himself his resolution shall be into it , for the Dust will return to the earth as it was ver . 7. Plato conceived the celestial bodies to be made , as it were , of the flower and purest of the elements , but the sublunary , and terrestial of the bran and lees . ( Beloved ) we are made of dregs , and our mother , is muther , consin-germain to corruption once removed , all men are either young or old ; the difference between them is no more , then we find in the translations of my Text ; the old man , it , the young man , ibit , the one is now going , the other shall go to his long home ; the one may die soon , the other cannot live long ; If he die naturally , he keepeth his own pace , and goeth of himself ; if he die by violence , he is driven forward , and mending his pace , sooner ariveth at his long home . But as there is a natural body , and a spiritual body ; an earthly Adam , and a heavenly ; so there is a natural course of man , of which I have finished my discourse ; and a spiritual , of which I am yet to begin : As the natural life , so the Christian is a progress in which we ought not to stay , but to advance , still proceeding from grace to grace , and vertue to vertue ; If we ever look to shine as the Sun in the kingdome of the Father , we must not be like Joshus his Sun that stood still ; or Hezekia's that went back ten degrees ; but like Davids , which like a gyant runs his course , and never ceaseth ; I need not direct any man in his natural course from life to death , every man knows it , and whether he knows it or no , he shall accomplish it , the spiritual course is more considerable , which is , it inner arium ad deum , a Journal to eternity , a progress from earth to heaven ; this progress a man begins at his regeneration , and in part endeth in his dissolution by Death , but wholly and fully after his Resurrection ; the way here is Christ ; the viaticum , the blessed Sacraments ; the light the Scriptures ; the guides , the ministers of the Word ; the theeves that lye in wait to rob us of our spiritual treasure , the devils ; our convoy the Angels ; our stages seseveral vertues and degrees of perfection , the City to which we bend our course , Jerusalem that is above , wherein are many Mansions , or eternal houses . And thus as before the old man , so now the new man goeth to his long and eternal home , without any resting place between , at which all the ordinary sort of the Romanists must bait , though little for their ease , cooling or refreshing , for it is in a hot-house ; nay , a house all on fire ; nay all of fire , and that as hot as hell ; I mean Purgatory , wherewith if Solomon had been acquainted , he would have changed this motto of mortality , and not have said , man goeth to his eternal home ; but to his purging bath , and the Friers go about the streets singing Masses and Dirges for his soul ; assuredly if the souls of those that die under the Gospel need a sacrifice to deliver them from the torment of a temporary hell , or Purgatory fire , the souls of them that died under the Law much more needed it ; why then did Moses appoint none for them ? why did none of the inspired Prophets pray for the release of their souls ? Solomon if there had been such a stop in the mid-way , would have made a pause in his speech , and not said immediately man goeth , In domum eternit at is su●…e , into his everlasting home , as the Seventy , and the vulgar Latine , ( which no Papist upon pain of a curse , can reject , render the Hebrew Beth gnolomo . Purgatory is no such home ; therefore Gregory of Neocesarca , and Cyprian so expound this Text , that they quite leave out this imaginary fire kindled in the paper walls of Purgatory . Gregory faith , the good man marcheth out joyfully towards his eternal house , but the wicked draws back and bedews the threshold with tears , and fills all with lamentations : and that we may know when a man taketh possession of his eternal home , Saint Cyprian tels us it is upon the expiring of our lease in the poor tenement of our body . If there be a Purgatory for Souls after this life , why not for bodies also which need as much purging as souls ? if such a place be to be found , we are certainly like to hear of it from Philosophy or Divinity , and may discover it either in the map of the World , or in the type of Heaven , the holy Scripture . Nature gives us no notice of any such place ; in Scripture we find indeed a Purgatory , but it is either in the laver of our regeneration , or in the blood of our redemption , for so we read , 1 John 1.7 . The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth , or purgeth us from all sins ; if from all sins , then none are left to be burned out with Purgatory fire . The Philosophers indeed describe a fire in the night , which they call ignis fatuus , or the fools fire , because it leads fools out of their way , whereby they often fall into boggs , or theeves hands ; is not this Romish Purgatory , that ignis fatuus , that leads fools in the night of errour out of their right way , whereby they truly fall into theeves hands ? I mean the Monks and Friers , Priests , and Jesuits , who though they can purge neither the bodies , nor the souls of the deceased , yet they can the purses of the living , by these fire-works of their wit. But I list not to dwell any longer in Purgatory , because there is no such real place , either in the world , or out of it . I am now come , though long first , to mans long home , which cannot be described in a short time , and therefore I leap into my last stage , which as you may remember was ; The Application of the Text to this sad occasion . As a contrary order is used in a compositive method , to that which is taken in a resolutive , so I must now use in the Application of my Text , a method direct contrary to that which I followed in my Explication : for therein first I shewed you how the natural man goeth to his long , and the Spiritual to his eternal home ; and after how , and why , and what sort of Mourners went about the streets lamenitng the deceased ; but now I am first to speak of the Mourners , who have already finished their circular motion , and then of the direct motion of the Man , the man of quality , the man of worth , the man of estate and credit , who is already arived at his long Lete , and now entring into his long home . Touching the Mourners I cannot but take notice of their number and quality ; the number is great we see , yet we see not all who yet are the true Mourners , pouring out their souls to God with tears in their private closets . Illa dolet verè , quae sine teste dolet . Her portion of sorrow like Benjamins , is five times more than any others , whose loss of a Husband , and such a Husband is invaluable . Secondly , the quality of the Mourners is not slightly to be passed by , debetur iis religiosa mora ; for , not only great store of the Gentry and Commons , but some also of the Nobility , the chief Officers of the Crown , and Peeres of the Realme ; not Religion only and learning , but Honour and Justice also hath put on Blacks for him , thereby testifying to all men their joynt-respect to him , and miss of him . And if any prompted by Judas shall object against this Solemnity and prolixe ceremony , ut quid perdetio ista ? To what serves this wast ? might not the money have been better expended in charitable Alms , to the relief of very many poor . I answer in the words of our Saviour , Hac oportet facere , & illa non omittere ; Those works of charity they spake of , ought to be done : and these of decent Rites and ceremonies not to be left undone : the rule of the Apostle , Let all things be done decently and in order , is a warrant as well for the due Exequies of the dead , as Obsequies of the living : if all things must be done decently , and in order , in the State and Common-wealth , much more in the Church , whose emblem is , Acies ordinata , an Army marshalled in excellent order , with Banners displayed ; and if all things in the Church must be so carried , then Funerals as well as Nuptialls , Burials as well as Christnings ; and if so , then ought they to be celebrated not after the preposterous manner of some in the night as works of darkness : but in the day as works of Piety , in honour of them who have received the inheritance of Saints in light , not penuriously and basely , but nobly and liberally ; where the quality of the dead requireth it , and the estate will bear it . Howbeit I confess , that as Magnificence is alwayes a vertue , so prodigallity is a vice ; and one of those master-vices which hath gotten a great head in his Kingdome , and a Garland upon it . Yet to do the dead right , though luxury be guilty of the death of many : yet the dead are no way guilty of this superfluity , they neither order it , nor are sensible of it ; neither is the prodigallity ( under the weighty burden whereof the Land groaneth ) so much seen in black cloaths , as in Silks and Velvets , cloth of Gold and Tissue ; not in Jet as in Pearl , and precious stones ; not in building Marble Sepulchers for the dead , as Marble houses for the living ; not in armory , as in luxury ; not in pendants , as in attendants ; not in Funerals , as in Nuptials , Masks and Pageants , Court entertainments , and City feasts , at which if Vitellius or Apicius were bidden , they would condemn themselves for too much frugality . What Seneca spake of time , solus temporis prodigi sumus , cujus unius honest a est avaritia , we arelavish of our time , of which covetousness is only commendable ; we may invert , and with truth confess , we are frugal for the most part in those things ( I mean the service of the living God , and offices of piety to the dead ) wherein not only bounty , but magnificence also is most commendable . If any be otherwayes minded , and repine and grudge at this last honour to the dead , and comfort to the living ; I shall use no other reproof of him at this present , then a like to that of Constantine recorded in Eusebius , Go to Acesias who art so precise , and holdest none worthy to keep pace with thee , fac scalam , & ascende solus in coelum , Make a ladder , and climb up alone upon it to Heaven . So let these men make them a Bere like the new-found Chariots in the Low-countreys , that run of themselves without a driver , and let them be carried alone in it to their long home ; Let no Mourners follow them , nor eye pitty them , or shed tear for them . Nec enim lex justior ulla est . But let them who have lived in credit die in honour ; let them who in their life time did many good offices to the dead , after they are dead receive the like offices from the living . Out of which number , envy it self cannot exempt our deceased brother . Of whose natural parts perfected by Art and learning , and his Morral much improved by grace . I shall say nothing by way of amplification but this , that nothing can be said of them by way of amplification . All rhetorical exaggeration will prove a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 diminution of them . in sum , he was a most provident houshoulder , loving husband , indulgent father , kind landlord , and liberal patron . so kind a landlord , that when his tennants were behind with him , he was so far from suing them , or putting them to trouble to extort his due from them ; that instead of receiving from them , he lent great sums unto them ; by the good employment whereof they were enabled to recover themselves and pay him . So liberal a Patron he was , that he not only freely bestowed all the Benefices that fell in his gift , but was also at all the charge of institution , induction , composition , first-fruits , and whatsoever burthen fell upon the Incumbent : Such patterns of Patrons , we may rather wish then hope for after him ; what shall I need to add more concerning him , whose birth was illustrious , his education liberal , his Patromony great , his Matches sutable , his life exemplary , and his death comfortable ? Single vertues we meet with in many , but such combinations as were in him , such affability in such gravity , such humility in such eminency , such patience in such trials , such temperance and moderation in such abundance , as we have just cause to bless God for in him , so we have great cause to pray for in others of his Rank . In his tender years he was set as a choice Plant in the famous Nursey of good learning and Religion , the University of Oxford , where living as a Commoner in Corpus Christi Colledge , under the care and tuition of Doctor Sebastian Wenfield ; he very much thrived and grew above his equalls both in grace and in knowledge , gaining to himself as much love , as learning . After he was removed from thence , he fell into very great troubles , as well before as after the death of his Father , but the Lord delivered him out of all : These crosses and afflictions served but as Files to brighten those gifts and graces in him , which shined afterwards most brightly in his more setled estate , and eminent employments , being chosen Deputy Lievetenant in Wiltshire ; Commissioner in three Shires , Four times High-Sheriff , and often Knight for the Shire in Parliament ; in all which places of important negotiations and great trust , he so carried himself , that all men might see in all his actions , he had a special eye to the Motto in his Escouchion , Jeay bonne cause , for with Mary he alwayes chose the good part , and stood up for the truth , which he confirmed with his last breath . You have heard what he was in publick , but what was he in private ? we have seen him in the Sun , how demeaned he himself in the shade ? True , Religion is like the precious stone Garamantites , which casteth no great lustre outwardly , but semper intus habeat aureas guttus : but we may discern as it were golden drops within . Three of these after I have presented to your view , I will then set free your patience , and give your sorrow full scope to vent it self in tears . The first of these was tenderness of conscience , which is one of the most infallible tokens and marks of the Child of God ; so tender was he , that he would undertake no business before he was fully perswaded of the lawfulness thereof , both by clear texts of Scripture , and the approbation of most learned and conscientious Divines ; he made scruple , not only of committing the least known sin , but of imbarking into any action which was questionable among those that love the truth in sincerity . And therefore , although God blessed him with great wealth , and store of coyn , yet he never put it to Usury or Intrest thereby to increase it , for he held the tolleration of the Law in this Kingdome to be no sufficient warrant for any violation of the divine Law , the destinctions lately coyned , of toothless and biting Usury he no way allowed , judging truly , that all Usury according to the Hebrew Etymology , is biting , and hath not only teeth , but Adders teeth envenomed ; for all Usury if it bite not our Brother as per accidens sometimes it may not , yet it biteth the conscience of all such who have any remorse of sin . The second aurea gutta , was Christian compassion , whereby he took to heart the afflictious of Joseph , and misery of Lazarus , whose fores he cured with the most precious balsamum he could buy for his money . What Pliny writeth ( lib. 32. c. 8. Attalus usus est Thynni recentiores adipe ad ulcera ) on the Fish in Latin Thynuus , that it is a soveraign remedy against many diseases , and cureth all kind of ulcers , was truly verified in him ; for he furnished himself with the best cordials and the rarest medicinal receipts ; and when he heard of any poor , sick , or hurt ; he not onely sent them money , but Bezar , and balsamum , thinking nothing could cost him too dear , whereby he might save the life , or recover the health of the poorest member of Christ Jesus . In the years of death and sickness , he sent provision to all the Parishes about him , and thrice a week relieved a hundred at least at his gate : neither did his compassion die with him , for in his Will and Testament confirmed by him the day before his Death , he bequeathed divers Legacies to the poor , whereof these following came to my notice . To Saint Margarets in Westminster , 10. pound . To Kempsford , 60. pound . To Cosley , 60. pound . To Froome , and the Woodlands , 100. pound . To Warmester , 100. pound . To Deverill , and Mounten , 100. pound . The last aurea gutta , which I shall present to your view at this time , was his servency of zeal for the truth of the Gospel ; in all the Benefices which he bestowed , he took special care to make choice of men sound in the Faith , no way warping either to Popish superstition , or schismatical seperation : as he made greatest accompt of those Ministers of the Gospel , who were servent in spirit , zealous for the truth ; so he hated none more then temporizers , and luke-warm Loadiceans : he seldome spake of any Romanist without expressing a great detestation of their idolatry , and superstition : the night before he changed this life for a better , after an humble confession of his sins in general , and a particular profession of the Articles of his belief , in which he had lived , and now was resolved to die , he added , I renounce all Popish superstition , all mans merits , trusting only upon the merits of the Death and passion of my Saviour ; and whosoever trusteth on any other , shall find when he is dying , if not before , that he leaneth upon broken reeds . Here after the benediction of his Wife and Children , being required by me to ease his mind ; and declare , if any thing lay heavy upon his conscience ; he answered , nothing he thanked God ; yet like an obedient child of his Mother , the Church of England , both heartily desired , and received her absolution : and now professing that he was most willing to leave the world ; he besought all to pray for him ; and himself prayed most fervently , that God would enable him patiently to abide his good will and pleasure , and to go through this last and greatest work of faith and patience : and the pangs of Death soon after coming upon him , he fixed his eyes on Heaven from whence came his help , and to the last gasp , lifted up his hand , as it were , to lay hold on that Crown of righteousness , which Christ reacheth out to all his children , who hold out the good fight of Faith to the end , and conquer in the end ; Which crown of righteousness , the Lord who hath purchased with his blood , after we have finished likewise our courses , of his infinite bounty bestow upon us all . Cui , &c. TEMPVS PVTATIONIS : OR THE RIPE ALMOND GATHERED . ASERMON Appointed to be Preached at the Funerals of the Right Honourable , the Earle of EXETER , in the Abbie Church at Westminster . SERMON XLII . GEN. 15.15 . And thou shalt go to thy Fathers in peace , thou shalt be buried in a good old Age. IT was the manner of the Egyptians and Greeks to embalm the dead bodies of great Personages , and anoint them all over with Honey , which kept them a long time from corrupting and putrifying in their Sepulchres . Thus the Macedonians preserved the Corps of Alexander ( as some Historians report ) above a hundred years from rotting in his Coffin . But Gemistus Phleton being to perform a like Rite to Agesilaus , for want of Honey laid his Corps in Wax made of Honey-combs . I am sorry I am at this time to give the Motto to this Emblem . A person of quality , a person of wealth , a person of noble birth , a person of Honour , a person of fame and renown , whose soul is already bound up in the bundle of life , is now to be brought with Honour to his long home ; and though not his Body , yet his Name to be Embalmed , and preserved as it were in Honey , in the sweet Commemoration of his Vertues : and the first Standard-bearer of Religion under his Majesty , and the great Master of these sacred Rites and Ceremonies was designed to do this office , and he richly provided for it ; of whom I may truly say as Homer of Nestor . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cujus ex ore melle dulcior fluebat oratio . But sith it hath pleased the Divine Providence , whose footsteps are not known , to take away for a time the use of his feet , who should at this time have stood on this holy Mount. Bounden duty and service hath laid upon me Genistus Phletons task ; and I am constrained as he was in-opia mellis cera mortuum circùm linere , to use Wax for want of Honey , and vulgar oyle in stead of precious balm : my best Apology is , that I prayed heartily with Moses , that God would send the message ( I am to deliver ) by him by whom he should send : But he will make choyce of his own instruments , and sometimes of set purpose he will make use of the weak and ignoble , the more to shew his power through the infirmity , and glory through the ignobleness of the means . The walls of Jericho shall fall with a noise only , and this noise shall not be the shril and sweet sound of silver Trumpets , but the harsh and hollow sound of Rams horns ; and even from this disappointing of the chief actor in this mournful Scene , and taking a Novice in his room , you may gather this flower as it were by the way , and strew it with others upon the Hearse , that we cannot resolve , or certainly build upon any thing in this World ; we are sure of nothing , not so much as of the Tomb , we shall be laid in , not of our winding-sheet , not of our grave-cloaths , not of our Mourners , not of our Preacher : We are not sure of our Tombe-stone , for when Joseph of Arimathea hewed out a Tombe-stone out of the Rock , he intended it for himself ; yet was he not laid there , but our Saviour in it : We are not sure of our grave-cloaths , and winding-sheet ; for Heliogobalus the Emperour provided himself of rich furniture in this kind ; and moreover , in case he should come to a violent end , to be forced to make away himself , he kept by him golden setters , and silken ropes , and made a Bath of Rose-water to drown himself in , yet none of all these were made use of at his miserable death and ignominious burial in a laystal . Nay , a man is not sure that his skin shall cover his flesh , for Zisca his skin was plucked off after his death , and a Drum made of it . Lastly , a man is not sure of his Bearers or Mourners , nor the Preacher who shall make his Funeral Sermon , as you learn to your costs this day . For that excessive speech of Saint Jerome , abusing himself in comparison of Roffinus will prove defective , in expressing the difference between him whom you hear , and whom you should hear . I shall think my self happy if I can but tread in any of his steps , or imprint , but one of his notes in your heart . Which that I may do the better , I have borrowed his characters , I mean the words of that Text which he chose , as best befitting this occasion , wherein we see that performed to one of the sons of Abraham , which was long ago promised to the Father of the faithful , that he should go to his Fathers in peace , and be buried in a good old age . The hand of a dead man stroaking the part , cures the Tympany , and certainly the consideration of death , is a present means to cure the swelling of pride in any ; for in this life many things make odds between men and women ; as birth , education , wealth , alliance and honour : but Death makes all even , respice Sepulchra , faith Saint Austin , Survey mens graves , and tell me then who is beautiful , and who is deformed : all there have hollow eyes , flat noses , and gastly looks ; Nireus and The sirtes cannot be there distinguished : tell me who is rich , and who is poor ; all there wear the same weed , their winding-sheet : Tell me , who is noble , and who is base and ignoble , the worms claim kindred of all : tell me , who is well housed , and who ill , all there are bestowed in dark and dankish rooms under ground . If this will not satisfie you take a sive and sift the dust and ashes of all men , and shew me which is which . I grant there is some difference in dust : there is powder of Diamonds , there is gold dust , and brass pin-dust , and saw-dust , and common dust ; the powder of Diamonds resembles the remains of Princes ; gold dust , the remains of Noble-men ; pin-dust , the remains of the Trades-man ; saw-dust , the remains of the day-laybourer , and common dust , the reremains of the vulgar , which have no quality or profession to distinguish them ; yet all is but dust . At a game of Chesse , we see Kings and Queens , and Bishops , and Knights upon the board , and they have their several walks , and contest one with the other in points of State and honour : but when the game is done all together with the Pawns are shuffled in one bag ; in like manner in this life men appear in different garbes , and take divers courses , some are Kings , some are Officers , some Bishops , some Knights , some of other ranks and orders . But when this life like a game is done , which is sometimes sooner , sometimes later , all are shuffled together with the many or vulgar sort of people , and lie in darkness and obscurity till the last man is born upon the earth , but after that , Erunt ipsis quoque fata sepulchres . the Grave which hath swallowed up all the sons of Adam , shall be swallowed up it self into victory . Till then we shall all go 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in our several rank and order , take our last walk , the way of all flesh ; and it is happy if we go it as Abraham did here in peace , and a special blessing , if we be gathered as he was to his Fathers in the Autumne of a good old age . In which words we have two Acts of a Tragedy , the former acted upon his Stage , thou shalt go to thy Fathers , the latter under the scaffold , and be buried in a good old age . None die better then they , who have life in their hope : and none live better than they , who have death in their mind and thought ; especially if it be in the time of their health , and bloom of their beauty , and pride of their youth , and top of their earthly happiness . For this cause Joseph of Arimathes , is supposed by many , to have set his Sepulchre in his Garden , as it were to sawce his sweetest pleasures , with the sad thoughts of his Funeral : and John surnamed the Almoner began his Sepulchre , on the day he was Consecrated Patriark of Alexandria : and it was the manner of the ancient Emperours at their Coronation feast , to have several sorts of Marble shewed them , to the end , that they might choose one of them for their Tomb-stone ; and agreeable hereunto the interlineary gloss yeeldeth a reason why God commanded that the oyle wherewith the Kings were annoynted , should be compounded with Cinnamon , and other spices , quod sit cinericii coloris , because it is of the colour of Ashes , or rather such mould as is digged out of Graves , to put them in mind that very day in which they were made Gods upon earth , that they should die like men . In which regard we have great cause to Bless the providence of our heavenly Father , who in the midst of our Marriage feasts , and many occasions of mirth and joy , presents us with such sad spectacles , as here we see ; to the end we should not exceed in our mirth , or too far set our heart upon the pleasures and comforts of this life , which like sticks under a pot after a blaze fall suddenly into ashes . Let us learn from all the changes and chances of this mortal life , not to sing a requiem to our souls here , with the fool in the Gospel , because we have wealth laid up for us , for many years , for if our riches take not their wings , and fly away from us , we shall be taken away from them , we shall be arrested by Gods Bayliff , Death , and then we must go . But thou shalt go . Our observations from this Scripture ariseth from two springs , 1. The manner . 2. The matter . The former divides it self into two Rivelets , the latter into three : In the former , to wit , the manner I observe , 1. That these words were spoken to Abraham in a Dream , ( when the Sun was going down a heavy sleep fell upon him . ) 2. That they were spoken by way of Gracious promise . In the latter , to wit , the matter I observe three blessings bestowed upon Abraham . 1. A comfortable death , Thou shalt go in peace . 2. An honourable burial , and be buried with thy Fathers . 3. A seasonable time for both , in a good old age . First , of the manner . When the Sun was setting , a deep sleep and dreadful darkness fell upon Abraham , and God shewed him in a dream , the misery and thraldome of his postetity in Egypt : Know of a surety , that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs , and shall serve them , and they shall afflict them 400. years , vers 13. and lest at the sight hereof his heart should utterly have failed him , and his bowels dryed up within him like a pot-sheard ; God cleareth the skie which was clouded with a smoak of a fiery furnass , vers . 17. and cheareth his heart , reviving him with a promise of safety , and peace for himself , and of deliverance of his posterity also out of their grievous servitude , after a certain period of years allotted for the promise of the growth and ripeness of the Amorites sins . For dreams in general , the great Secretary of Nature discovereth unto us , that the Dreams of good men , are better than the Dreams of bad ; and he will have his foelix or happy man , to have a singular priviledge above other men , even in his sleep . And doubtless , as a good conscience is a full feast in the day , so it is a light banquet in the night ; for better thoughts , and phantesies in the day , beget better dreams in the night : as the brighter colours in the Window , when the Sun shineth cast clearer species intentionales , or reflections from them on the Wall. God is with his children , as well in the night , as in the day , and he imparts his counsels , and discloseth his secrets , as well by dreams in the one , as by visions in the other . That prophesie of Joel , I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh , and your young men shall see visions , and your old men shall dream dreams , though it were fulfilled in the day of Penticost , ( as Saint Peter instructeth us ) yet ought it not to be restrained to that day , or the Apostles time only . For it hath been verified in all after-ages , and holdeth still for profitable , and comfortable irradiations of Gods Spirit upon the soul , by day and night , though not for supernatural and prophetical revelations , or not so frequent : Dreams therefore as they are not with the Eastern people supertitiously to be observed ; so neither are they utterly to be neglected , as idle and vain nocturnal phantasies ; The Poet could say : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Jupiter sends Dreams , and Ariflotle dreamed not , when he wrote his exact discourse of Divination by dreams ; nor Artemidorus when he published his curious tract , intituled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , judgment of Dreams , for the experience of all times proveth , that the Dreams of many men , especially a little before their death , have been very considerable : When the window , of the senses are shut , the soul hath best leisure to look into her self : and after sickness hath battered down the walls of the dark prison of the body , in which she was close kept , more light breaks in upon her , and she seeth farther off then she could before ; and this is the meaning of the Platonicks , in that their Apophthegme , anima promonet in morte , the soul looks out , as it were neer death : For this particular in my Text , God is gracious to many of his children now adayes by Dreams , or otherwayes to give them notice of their departure hence . To some he maketh known the year , to some the moneth , to some the very day and hour , when they shall go the way of all flesh . And as here he fore-shewed Abraham his departure from hence , per viam lecteum , by the milky way , as it were , that is by a sweet and pleasant passage of a natural death in the autumn of his life : so also in a Dream he represented to Saint Polycarpe , and Saint Cyprian , their passage , per viam sanguineam , The bloody way of martyrdome . Policrape not many moneths before he was sacrificed for a whole burnt-offering to God , dreamed that his bed was all on fire under him : and Saint Cyprian saw in a Dream the Proconsul-give order to the Clerk of the Assizes , to write down his sentence ( which was to have his head cut off with a Sword ) which when the Clerk by signs made known to Saint Cyprian , the godly Bishop earnestly desired a little delay of the execution , that he might set his house in order ; and the Clerk answered him in his dream , that his petition was granted , and so it sell out accordingly , that that day 〈…〉 Dream ) this Saint of God closing first his own eyes , 〈…〉 ceived a glorious crown of martyrdome in heaven . The second thing I observed in the manner was , that these 〈…〉 way of promise to Abraham , whence Galvin rightly 〈…〉 life , was a favour of God unto him , not the purchase of his own merits , 〈…〉 the fruit of his own care , for although speaking in ordine 〈…〉 a man may be said by the observation of physick rules , to prolong his dayes upon 〈…〉 did who was otherwise a man of a very crazie body , and could not 〈…〉 have held out half so long : yet if we speak simply 〈…〉 that as no man can by his care add a cubit to his stature , nor an hour 〈…〉 the period set by God before all time ; for my times are in thy hands , 〈◊〉 David , and our dayes are determined , faith Job , the number of our months is with 〈◊〉 thou bast appointed man his bounds , which he cannot pass . Job 14.5 . and 〈…〉 appointed time to man , are not his dayes , as the day 〈…〉 tree groweth not upon the head of any , without 〈…〉 bloomed in a seasonable time . If life be a blessing , long life is a 〈…〉 specially if it be crowned with a happy death ; for the last Act maketh 〈…〉 medy , or a Tragedy ; and as the evening proves the day , so a man 〈…〉 and after , over-run the verdict of his life , Dicique beatus , Ante obitum nemo supremaque funera debet . and so I fall into the road of my Text , and begin to treat of the peaceable end of those who die in the faith , and lie in the bosome of Abraham . Go to thy fathers in peace . There is a great difference about the interpretation of this phrase ; 〈…〉 and the reason of the difference is , the difficulty which insueth upon every interpretation : For if we refer these words to the body of Abraham , and the 〈◊〉 thereof in the Sepulchres of his Fathers ; this Exposition complieth not with the truth of the story ; for none but Sarah lay in this cave , Abrahams Fathers were 〈◊〉 where bestowed . If we refer them to the soul of Abraham , and illustrate them with this gloss , Thou shalt go on in thy soul , to the glorious troup of thy 〈…〉 then will grow , what that place is whither his Fathers went before him , 〈◊〉 Heaven ? but some of Abrahams Fathers were Idolatours , and we have no warrant to place any Idolatour there . Is it Hell ? thither no man goes in peace , neither did ever yet any Jew , or Christian so rub his forehead , or rather arm it with brass ; as to affirm that the soul of Abraham in whom all generations of the earth were blessed , was in Hell ; shall we then send him to the Rabbins Limbus , or the Popish purgatory , or the ancient Fathers , occulta recepta●…ula , hidden receptacles , or unknown places ; wherein Tertullian conceiveth , that the souls of the faithful departed , resemble those among the Romans , who stood for offices , and the day of the election , while the voyces were in calculation , expected in a white gown , whether they were chosen 〈…〉 Saint Austin , also is very express for these hidden Cells ; from the death of 〈…〉 the last Resurrection , the souls are bestowed in hidde●… , 〈…〉 as every 〈◊〉 worthy either rest or pain . To dispel this mist which hath 〈◊〉 many to miss their way , first by the light of the Scripture , I will clear the 〈…〉 question , and then interpret the phrase . First then for the souls of the faithfuls flight 〈…〉 is free from this clog of flesh ; I answer , that it is straight to Heaven 〈…〉 of the first born there , and the spirits of just men made perfect : for of 〈◊〉 who 〈…〉 that he might 〈◊〉 with God , and of Elias , who was carried up into Heaven in a fiery Chariot ; there is little doubt can be made ; and less of Abraham , to whose besome in Heaven Lazarus was carried : and least of all on the Thief , to whom Christ promised on the Cross , this day thou shall be with me in Paradise . Why should Saint Paul so earnestly desire to be dissolved and to be with Christ ; if after his dissolution till the day of judgment , he should not come near him nor see his face ? Why should all godly Christians be so willing to be absent from the body , that they might be present with the Lord , if after they were absent from the body they should not come into the Lords presence ? who dare question that which the Apostle so expresly and so considently delivers , we know that if the house of our earthly tabernacle be dissolved , we have an eternal in the Heavens . As for the phrase , thou shalt go to thy Fathers , it is but an elegant circumlocution of the period of our life ; a quaver upon the close thereof , for the meaning is , thou shalt die , or go the way of all flesh . Quo pius AEneas quo dives Tullus , & Ancus . Whither all thy Fathers went before thee , good and bad , rich and poor ; for Deaths sickle like the Italian Captaines sword , which could not distinguish between a Guelf and Gibelive , slaies all , and makes a prey of all . The righteous soul must for a time be divorced from the body as well as the soul of the wicked , and in the graves the Worms claim kindred of the elect , as well as of the reprobate : the consideration whereof , put the Preacher into a passion , how doth the righteous man die as well as the wicked ? as it is said of Abraham , that he is gathered to dis Fathers ; so it is said also of Ishmael , and may be of the wickedest man that breaths . And herein the language of Canaan , and the lauguage of Ashdod , do not much differ : for what the Romans mean by that their phrase , abijt ad plures , he is gone to the many . The Hebrews in a sanctified phrase express by abiit ad patres , he is gone to his Fathers , or gathered to his people , whereof some interpreters give this acute reason . It cannot be said of us here whilest we live , that we are gathered to our own people in a spiritual sence , because here good and bad are gathered together , Elect and Reprobate sojourn together , all are as it were joynt Comminers upon the earth , the City of God , and the City of the world sayl in the same ship to the Haven of death . The Draw-net of the Gospel catcheth sweet and stinking fish , in Gods field , Tares grow with Wheat , in his floar , there is much Chaff with good grain . But after death , God taketh his Fan in his hand , and purgeth his Floar . After we depart hence , God placeth and sorteth his Children by themselves , and the Children of the World and the wicked are by themselves ; and so every man is exactly gathered to his own people ; every star is set in his own constellation , every grain is put in his own heap , every person and family is joyned to his own tribe , we all pass by the same gate of death , but presently after we are out of it ; some take the right hand , and are ranked with sheep ; others , the left hand , and are ranked among his goats . We are all like Plate worn out of fashion , and we must all be altred , and therefore of necessity must be melted , that is dissolved by death ; but after we have run in the fire of the judgment of God , of that which was pure mettal God will make Vessels of honour , but of the drossy and alcumy stuff , that is the prophane or impure person or hypocrite , vessels of dishonour , and these shall shine like the sun in the Firmament , those shall glo like coals in the fire of hell for evermore . By this it should seem may some object , that the righteous have no prerogative in death above the wicked , but only after death ; and consequently that God promised Abraham no blessing in these words , thou shalt go to the fathers ; it had been rather a singular favour to have kept him out of the common track with Enoch , and have translated him , that he might not see death : this objection is answered in the next words . In peace , it is no special blessing or favour to bring us to our fathers by death , for statutum est omnibus haminibus semel mori , the Statute provideth sufficiently to send us to the place where we were born , but to send us thither in peace , is a singular favor which God vouchsafeth his dear Children , especially in such a peace as Abraham went in , wherein a three-fold peace concurred . 1 Peace of estate . 2 Peace of body . 3 Peace of conscience . First , thou shall go to thy fathers in peace , that is in a peaceable time , or the dayes of peace ; the storms I foreshewed the hanging over thy Posterity , shall not fall in thy time , but thou shalt die in a blessed calm ; thy house being set in order , and thy friends about thee , thy children shall close thine eyes , and they whom thou broughtest into the World , shall carry thee with honour out of the World. Secondly , thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace , that is , thou shalt have an easie and a quiet pass 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there shall be no great strugling at thy departure , but a kind parting of soul and body ; thy soul shall earnestly desire to return to the Father of spirits , and though thy body shall contend in courtesie to stay it a while , yet it shall without much adoe yeeld : thou shalt like a ripe Apple fall from the Tree without plucking , or a violent blast of Wind , thou shalt go out of thy self as a golden Taper when the waxe is spent , and thou shalt leave a sweet smell , a good name like a precious perfume after thee . Thirdly , thou shalt go to thy fathers in peace ; that is , in peace of conscience , and peace with God , which passeth all understanding ; thou shalt have no trouble in thy mind at the hour of death , no terrours of conscience , no fearful conflict with despare , no dangerous assault of Sathan , or flashes of hell fire , all thy sins shall be blown away like a cloud , and the beams of Gods countenance shall shine brightly upon thee , and dry up all thy tears , non sic impij , non sic , it shall not be so with the wicked , it shall not be so with them , for there is no peace to the wicked faith my God , neither in life nor death ; but as a ruff sea is ruffest of all , and most foaming and raging of all at the shore ; so the life of a wicked man is alwayes unquiet , but most troublesome at all near the end . If he die not in some garboil , as Sylla ; or in the act of uncleanness with John the Twelf ; or voyding his entrals with Arrius ; or rending his bowels with Julian ; or falling upon his own sword , with Nero ; or rayling and raging , with Latomus ; if he be not punished in body with some violent fit of sickness , or unsufferable pang of torment , yet he goeth not to his fathers in peace ; for there is sent a hue and cry after him to apprehend him , and lay him in chains of darkness till the general Assises at the dreadful day of Doom , when he shal not be found of God in peace , but in wrath , and reading in the look of the Judge of quick and dead his dreadful sentence ; he shall cry to the hils to fall apon him , and to the mountains to cover him from the presence of God , and wrath of the Lamb. And thou shalt be buried in a good old age . Although the heathen Philosophers made little account of Burial , as appeared by that speech of Theodorus to the Tyrant , who threatned to hang him ; I little pass by it whether my carkass putrifie above the earth , or on it ; and the Poet seems to be of his mind , whose strong line it was , Caelo tegitur qui non habet urnam . which was Pompeys case , and had like to have been Alexanders , and William the Conquerours . Yet all Christians who conceive more divinely on the soul , deal moreh umanly with the body , which they acknowledg to be membrum Christi , and Templum Dei , a member of Christ , and Temple of God. If charity commands thee to cover the naked , saith Saint Ambrose , how much more to bury the dead ? when a friend is taking a long journey , it is civility for his friends to bring him on part of the way ; when our friends are departed and now going to their grave , they are taking their last journey , from which they shall never return till time shall be no more ; and can we do less then by accompaning the Corps to the grave , bring them as it were part on their way , and shed some few tears for them , whom we shall see no more with mortal eyes ? The Prophet calleth the grave Miscabin , a sleeping chamber , or resting place , and when we read Scriptures to them that are departing , and give them godly instructions to die ; we light them as it were to their bed ; and when we send a deserved testimony after them , we persume the room . Indeed if our bodies ( which like garments we cast off at our death ) were never to be worn again , we need little care where they were thrown , or what became of them ; but seeing they must serve us again , their fashion being only altered , it is fit we carefully lay them up in deaths Wardrope the grave : though a man after he have lost the jewel , doth less set by the casket , yet he who loves much , and highly esteemeth of the soul of his friend , as Alexander did of Homer , cannot but make some reckoning of the Desk or Cabinet in which it alwayes lay ; we have a care of placing the picture of our friend , and should we not much more of bestowing his body ? If burial were nothing to the dead , God would never have threatned Coniah that he should have the burial of an Ass ; nor the Psalmist so quavered upon this doleful note , dederunt cadaver servorum tuorum coeli volucribus , O God the heathen are come into thine inheritance , thy holy Temple have they desiled , and made Jerusalem an heap of stones the dead bodies of thy servants have they given to the fowls of Heaven . But thou shalt be buried in a good old age . Procopius observeth it in Miriam , Aaron , and Moses , that as they exceeded one the other in holiness , so in dayes ; for Aaron out lived Miriam , and Moses , Aaron , long life is a crown , when it is found in the wayes of righteousness , cum senectute bona : and albeit it is almost the burthen of every mans song , that age is a burthen , and a perpetual disease , or rather a continual tract of diseases , and a sequence of maladies ; yot none for ought I see goeth about to lay down this burthen , or to be cured of this disease ; even they who most eloquently declaim upon the vanity , and exclaim against the miseries of this life , and wish a thousand times that they were dead , would be loath to be taken at their word . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greek signifieth praemium a reward , as senectum old age , and doubtless old age in general is so to be accounted ; for it is reckoned among the blessings which God bestowed upon Job , Isaac , David , and Jehoida , who are all said to have dyed in a good old age , or full of dayes , riches and honour . For howsoever to some men in some case , contraction of their dayes hath proved an advantage , by abridging their present , and preventing their future forrows ; as it was to good King Josiah , who was timely taken away , that he might not see the evil which after his death fell upon his people , and to Saint Austin , who dyed immediatly before Hippo was taken . Yet length of dayes ordinarily is a blessing , and promised to such as obey their Parents ; honour thy father and thy mother , that thy dayes may be long : as on the contrary , shortning the dayes of life is threatned by the Psalmist as a curse to the blood-thirsty and deceitful man ; and Eli took it for such , when Samuel from God told him , there should not be an old man in his family . Howsoever if old age be not perpetually and simply a blessing in it self , yet as it is here qualified with bona , I am sure it is . The Almond-tree is beautiful of it self , how much more when it is hung with jewels and precious stones , as Xerxes his Platihas was , and crowned with health , riches , honour , and the comfort of a good conscience . These make old age such a burthen , as bladders are to him that swimmeth which bear him up ; or feathers to a bird , which though they have some weight , yet by them she raiseth her self up and flyeth . By this time you expect I know , the application of this Scripture , but it is made already , not in word , but in deed ; not by me but by him whose empty Casket we behold with tears ; yet rejoycing that God hath taken out the jewel to adorn his Spouse the triumphant Church in Heaven . He is already gone in soul to his Fathers , and is now going in body to them to be buried in their Sepulchre ; his body and soul are now distracted , and we for his distraction ; his soul is gone , and our hearts are gone . I ever held sighs the best figures , and tears the fluentest rhetorick in a Funeral speech ; if I had better known this honourable Personage , I could have spoken more in his praise , yet no more then the City and Conntrey will prove to be true , by the miss of him . Desiderantur reliqua . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 10 PAEAN : OR , CHRISTS TRIUMPH OVER DEATH . A FUNERAL SERMON Preached at Lambeth , August 3.1639 . SERMON XLIII . 1 COR. 15.55 . O Death , where is thy sting ? O Grave , where is thy victory ? I Fear lest some here present , that are of a more melting disposition , stung with the sense of their present loss , and overcome with grief and sorrow for it , may frame an answer with a deep sigh to the Interrogations in my Text , saying , here is Deaths sting , here is the Graves victory : here is Deaths sting , for it hath stung him to death , who was the stay of my comfort , and joy of my life : here is the Graves victory , for it holdeth the Corps of my dearest Friend captive , and close prisoner in his Coffin . If any thus troubled in mind , hear me this day , let them stop the flood-gate of their tears , and lengthen their patience but to an hour , and by Gods assistance in the Explication , and Application of this parcel of Scripture , I will make it appear to them that their Friend is not dead , but sleepeth ; and that death hath not swallowed up him , but he hath swallowed up death into victory : and that already in soul he insulteth over Death in the words of my Text , O Death where is thy sting ? and shall hereafter in body , when this corruptible shall put on incorruption , insult in like manner over the grave saying , O grave where is thy victory ? This sentence is like a Ring of Gold enamelled , or cloth of Tissue imbroidered , or a peece of rich plate curiously wrought and engraved , materiam superavit opus ; the workmanship seems to go beyond , or at least equal the mettal , for this sentence consisteth of three figures at least . First , an Apostrophe which by a kind of miracle of art giveth life to dead things , and ears to the deaf , like to that , O earth , earth , earth , hear the voyce of the Lord. Secondly , an insultation like to that in the Prophet Esay , Where are the Gods of Hamar , and the gods of Arphad , or the gods of the City of Sepharvaim . Thirdly , a double Metaphor , the former taken from a Serpent , Bee , Wasp , or Hornet : the latter taken from a Conquerour : for Death is here compared to a Bee , Wasp , Hornet or Serpent without a sting : the Grave to a Conquerour that hath lost his booty , or prisoner , O death , &c. Such Drawn-works wrought about with divers coulors of Art , we find often in the Sacred coutext , especially in the Prophesies of the old Testament , and the Epistles of Saint Paul in the new . If we look up to the heavens , we find in some part of the skie single starrs by themselves ; in others a Constellation or conjunction of many stars : so in some passages of holy Writ you may observe one figure or trope , as namely a membrum or similiter cadence , as , I was hungry and you gave me meat ; I was thirsty , and you gave me drink ; I was naked , and you clothed me ; I was sick , and in prison , and you visited me ; or an Allegory , as , Where the body is , there the Eagles will be gathered ; or an Apostrophe , as , Hear O heavens , and hearken , O earth ; or an Exclamation , Oh that they were wise , then they would understand this ! Oh that my people would have hearkned io my voyce and that Israel would have walked in my wayes ! In other passages , a conjunction and combination of many figures , and ornaments of speech , as in that Text of the Prophet Jeremy , Is there no balm in Gilead , no Physitian there ? Why then is not the health of my people restored ? In which one verse you may note four figures . First an interrogation for more emphatical conviction . Secondly , a communication , for more familiar instruction . Thirdly , an Allegory for more lively expression . Fourthly , an Aposiopesis for safer reprehension : and the like we observe in our Saviours exprobration , O that thou knewest in this thy day , the things that belong to thy peace ! O Jerusalem , Jerusalem , which killest the Prophets , and stonest those that are sent unto thee ; how often would I have gathered thy children , as a hen doth her chickens , and thou wouldst not ! Here is a posie of rhetorical flowers , an Exclamation , O si c●…gnovisses , a reticentia ; at least in this thy day , saltem in hoc die tuo ; A repetition , Jerusalem , Jerusalem ; an interrogation ; how oft would I ? quoties volui ? And lastly , an Icon or lively expression to the eye ; sicut galina congregat pullos suos ; As the hen gathereth her chickens under her wings . Where are now our Anabaptists , and plain pack-staff methodists , who esteem of all flowers of Rhetorick in Sermons no better then stinking weeds , and of all elegancies of speech then of prophane spells ? For against their wills , at unawares they censure the holy Oracles of God in the first place , which excell all other writings ; as well in eloquence , as in Science ; doubtless as the breath of a man hath more force in a Trunk , and the wind a lowder , and sweeter sound in the Organ-pipe , then in the open ayr , so the matter of our speech , and the theam of our discourse , which is conveyed through figures , and forms of Art , both sound sweeter to the ear , and pierce deeper into the heart , there is in them plus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , more evidence , and more efficacie , they make a fuller expression , and take a deeper impression . secondly , where are our prophane criticks , who delight in the flesh-pots of Egypt , and loath Manna , admire carnal eloquence in Poets , and heathen Oratours , and task the Scriptures for rude simplicity , and want of all Art and eloquence ? It is true , the Scripture is written in a style peculiar to it self , the elocution in it is such ( as Lactantius observeth ) that it befitted no other books , as neither doth that we find in other books befit it . As the matter in Scripture , so the form is divine ( nec vox heminum sonat , ) which consisteth not in the words of mans wisdome , but in the evidence of the Spirit . Yet is there admirable eloquence in it , and far surpassing which , we find in all other writings ; Wherefore Politian the Grammarian , who pretended he durst not touch any lease in the Bible , for fear of defiling the purity of his language , or slurring the gloss of his style , is condemned , as well by learned humanists , as Divines : And Theopompus who went about to cloath Gods word with gay and trim phrases of heathen Orators , and Poets , was punished by God with loss of his wits . Thus have we viewed the form , let us now have an eye to the matter , our Lords conquest over Death , and the Grave . There are two things most dreadful to the nature of man , Death and the Grave , the one severeth the soul , the other consumeth the body , and resolveth it into dust : the valiantest conquerours that with their bloody flags and coulors , have struck a terrour unto all Nations ; yet have been afrighted themselves at the displaying of the pale and wan coulours of Death : the most retired Philosophers , and Monks , who have lived in Cells , and Caves under the ground : yet have been startled at the sight of their Grave . How much then are we indebted to our Christian saith , that not only overcometh the world , but also conquereth the fear of Death , and the grave , and dareth both in the words of my Text ; O death , sting me if thou canst ; O grave conquer me if thou be able ; O death , where is thy sting ; O grave , where is thy victory . In which words the Apostle like a Cryer , calleth Death and the Grave into the Court , and examineth them upon two Articles , first concerning the sting of the one , secondly concerning the victory of the other : Will it please you then to fix the eye of your observation upon the parts of this Text , as they are laid before you in terms of Law. 1 A Citation . 2 An Examination , In the Citation upon 1 the manner of it , 2 the parties cited 1 Death 2 Grave . In the Examination 1 Upon the first Interrogatory put to Death , touching the ledging of his sting . 2 Upon the second Interrogatory put to the Grave , touching the field of his victory . First , for the manner of Citing , it is by an Apostrophe , a figure often accurring in holy Scripture , as in the book of Kings , O Altar , Altar , O ye mount ains of Gilboa , and of the Psalmes ; lift up ye gates , and be ye lift up you everlasting doors : and of the Canticles , Arise O North , and blow O South ; and in the Prophets , O earth , earth , earth . In imitation of which strings of rhetorick the Auncient Fathers in their funeral Orations , many times turned to the dead , and used such compellations as these , audi Constantine vale Paula , hear O Constantine , farewel O Paula . From which passages our advesaries very weakly , if not ridiculously infers the invocation of Saints departed , making weapons of plumes of feathers , and arguments of ornaments ; and which is far worse , Divinity of rhetorick , and articles of faith , of tropes of sentences . By a like consequence , they might conclude that hills and trees , and the earth , and gates , and death , and hell have eyes to look upon us , or ears to hear us , or that we ought to invocate them ; because the holy Ghost maketh such Apostrophes to them , as the Fathers do to the souls of Saints newly departed out of their bodies . Secondly , for the parties here cited and called in their order , first Death , and then the Grave : Death goes before the Grave , because men die before they are buryed , and the Grave is properly no Grave , till it be possessed by a dead body , before it is but a hole or pit ; O Death , In Hebrew Maveth , from Muth , whence mutus in Latine is derived ; and mute in English , because Death bereaveth us of speech ; and for a like reason the Grave is termed , Domus silentii , a house of silence . In Greek , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , either quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 supple 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , either from a word signifying to stretch , because death stretcheth out the body ; or from words signifying to tend upwards , because by death the soul is carried upwards , returning to God that gave it . In Latine Mors either quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , our fatal portion , or as Saint Austin will have it a morsu , because the biting of the Serpent caused it . The letter or word , is but like the bark or rind , the sence is the juyce ; yet here we may suck some sweetness from the bark or rind : From the hebrew Muth we learn that our tongues must be bound to their good behaviour concerning the dead , we must not make them our ordinary table talk , or break jeasts upon them ; much less vent our spleen , or wreak our malice on them ; we must never speak of them but in a serious and regardful manner , de mortuis nil nisi bene ; From the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as it is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mutando 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tenuem in 〈◊〉 aspiratam , we must learn to extend our hands to the poor , especially near death , which stretcheth out our bodies , and to send our thoughts 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to the things that are above , whether if we die well the Angels shall immediately carry our souls . From the Latin mors so termed quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 divido , we are to learn to be contented with our lot and bear it patiently ; considering first , that we brought it upon our selves ; secondly , that we gain this singular benefit by it , that our misery shall not be immortal . O Death ! to which Death speaketh the Apostle ? for the Scripture maketh mention of the first and second death , and Saint Ambrose also of a third . The first Death with him is the death of nature , of which it is said , they shall seek death and not find it : The second of sin , of which it is said , the soul that sinneth shall die the death : The third , of grace , which sets a period not to nature but to sin . The Death here meant , is the first death , or the Death of nature , which the Philosophers diversly define according to their divers opinions of the soul . Aristoxemis who held the soul to be an harmony , consequently defined Death to be a discord . Galen , who held the soul to be Crasis , or a temper ; Death to be a distemper . Zeno , who held the soul to be a fire ; Death to be an extinction . Those Philosophers who held the soul to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , as Tully interpreteth it continuam motionem , Death to be a cessation . The vulgar of the Heathen who held the soul to be a breath ; Death to be an expiration . Lastly , the Platonicks who held the soul to be an immortal spirit ; Death to be a dissolution , or separation of the soul from the body , and this is two-fold . 1 Natural . 2 Violent . 1 Natural , when of it self the natural heat is extinguished or radical moisture consumed ; for our life in Scripture is compared , and in sculpture resembled to a burning lamp : the fire which kindleth the flame in this light , is natural heat ; and the oyle which feedeth it , is radical moisture . Without flame there is no light , without oyle to maintaine it no flame ; in like manner , if either natural heat or radical moisture fail , life cannot last . 2 Violent , when the soul is forced untimely out of the body ; of this Death there are so many shapes , that no Painter could ever yet draw them . We come but one way into the World , but we go a thousand out of it : as we see in a Garden-pot , the the water is poured in but at one place , to wit the narrow mouth , but it runneth out at 100 holes . Die Some 1 By fire as the Sodomites . 2 By water , as the old World. 3 By the infection of the Ayre , as threescore and ten thousand in Davids time . 4 By the opening of the earth , as Corah , Dathan , and Abiram , Amphiraus , and two Cities , Buris , and Helice . Some meet with Death IN 1 Their Coach , as Anteochus . 2 Their chamber , as Domitian . 3 Their bed , as John the Twelf . 4 The Theater , as Caligula . 5 The Senate , us Caesar . 6 The Temple , as Zenacherib . 7 Their Table , as Claudius . 8 At the Lords-Table , as Pope Victor , and Henry of Luxenburge . Death woundeth and striketh some With 1 A pen-knife , as Seneca . 2 A stilletto , as Henry the Fourth . 3 A sword , as Paul. 4 A Fullers beam , as James the Lords Brother . 5 A Saw , as Isaiah . 6 A stone , as Pyrrhus . 7 A thunderbolt , as Anustatius . What should I speak of Felones de se , such as have thrown away their souls . Sardanapalus made a great fire and leaped into it . Lucretia stabbed her self . Cleopatra put an Aspe to her breast , and stung therewith died presently . Saul fell upon his own sword . Judas hanged himself . Peronius cut his own veines . Heremius beat out his own brains . Licinius choaked himself with a napkin . Portia died by swallowing hot burning coals . Hannibal sucked poyson out of his ring . Demosthenes out of his Pen , &c. What seemeth so loose as the soul and the body , which is plucked out with a hair , driven out with a smell , fraied out with a phancy ? verily that seemeth to be but a breath in the nostrils which is taken away with a scent ; a shadow which is driven away with a scare-crow ; a dream which is frayed away with a phansie ; a vapour which is driven away with a puffe ; a conceit which goes away with a passion ; a toy that leaves us with a laughter : yet grief kild Homer , laughter Philemon , a hair in his milk Fabius , a flie in his throat Adrian , a smell of lime in his nostrils Jovian , the snuff of a candle a Child in Pliny , a kernil of a Raison Anacyeon , and a Icesickle one in Martial , which causeth the Poet to melt into tears , saying , O ubi mors non est , si jugulatis aquae ? what cannot make an end of us , if a small drop of water congealed can do it ? In these regards we may turn the affirmative in my Text into a negative , and say truly , though not in the Apostles sence , O Death where is not thy sting ? for we see it thrust out in our meats , in our drinks , in our apparel , in our breath , in the Court , in the Country , in the City , in the Field , in the Land , in the Sea , in the chamber , in the Church and in the Church-yard , where we meet with the second party to be examined , to wit the Grave . O Grave , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , In the language of Ashdod it signfied one thing , but in the language of Canaan , another . The Heathen writers understand by it . First , the first matter out of which all things are drawn , and into which they are last of all resolved . So Hippocrates taketh the word in his Aph. Secondly , the rule of the Region of darkness , or prince of Hell , so Hesiod . taketh it , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hes . op . & dies . Thirdly , the state and condition of the dead , or death it self , so Homer taketh it . Il. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . In the Language of Canaan , it is either taken for the place of torment of the damned ; And in hell he lift his eyes being in torments , and seeth Abraham afar off , and Lazarus in his bosome . Secondly , for the Grave , and that most frequently in the Seventy Interpreters , as namely , I will go down into Hades to my son ; that is , the Grave : and let not his hoary head go down into Hades , that is the grave , in peace ; and in death there is no remembrance of thee , and who will give thee thanks in Hades , that is the Grave ; and what man is he that liveth and shall not see death , and shall he deliver his soul from the hands of Hades ? that is the Grave , and Hades that is the Grave cannot praise thee , Death cannot celebrate thee ; and so it must be here taken . For though Hell in regard of the Elect be conquered , yet it eternally possesseth the reprobate men and Devils ; neither shall it be destroyed at the day of judgment , or emptied , but inlarged rather , and replenished with the bodies of all the damned , whose fouls are there already . But Hades that is the Grave , shall lose all her captives and prisoners , for the earth and sea shall cast up all their dead . We have the parties to be examined , let us now hear the Articles upon which they are to be examined . First Death is to answer to this Interrogatory , where is thy sting ? these words may be understood two manner of wayes . 1 Actively . 2 Passively . 1 Passively , where is thy sting ? that is the sting thrust out by Death ; in which sence the sting of Death is no other then the present sence of the desert of death , and guilt of conscience , and a dreadful expectation of damnation and hell to ensue upon it : take away this sting from the death of the body , that it is a punishment for sin , and an earnest as it were of eternal death , and it can hurt no man. This sting Christ hath plucked out of the death of all his Saints , and of a curse , made it a blessing ; of a torment , an ease ; of a punishment of sin , a remedy against all sin ; of a short and fearful cut to eternal death , a fair and safe draw-bridge to eternal life . 2 Actively , where is thy sting ? that is the sting which causeth and bringeth Death : In this sence the sting of death is sin , non quem mors fecit sed quo , mors facta est peccato enim morimur , non morte peccamus , as Saint Austin most accutely and eloquently ; Sin is said to be the sting of Death , as a cup of poison is said to be a potion of death , that is , a potion bringing death , for we die by sin ; we sin not by death , sin is not the off-spring of death , but death the off-spring of sin ; or as the Apostle termeth it the wages of sin . And it is just with God to pay the sinner this wages , by rendring death to sin , and punishing sin with death : because sin severeth the soul from God , and not only grieveth and despightfully entreateth , but without repentance , in the end thrusteth the spirit out of doors : And what more agreeable to Divine justice , then that the soul which willingly severeth her self from God , should be unwillingly severed from the body ? and that the spirit should be expelled of his residence in the flesh , which expelleth Gods grace , and excludeth his Spirit from a residence in the soul ? This sting of death is like the Adders , two forked or double ; for it is either original or actual sin ; original sin is the sting of death , in the day thon eatest of the Tree of knowledge , thou shalt surely die : and as by one man sin came into the World , and death by sin , and so death passeth upon all men , for that all had sinned . Secondly , actual sin is the sting of death ; the soul that sinneth , it shall die ; the son shall not bear the iniquity of the father , nor the father the iniquity of the son , the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him , and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him . Howbeit , if we speak properly , original sin as it is a proness to all sin , so it maketh us rather obnoxious to death , then dead men : but actual sin without repentance , slayes out-right . Adam did not die the day he eat the fruit , but that day became mortalis , or morti obnoxius , guilty of death , or liable to it ; original sin alone maketh us mortes , but actual mortuos , dead men . The Devil like to a Hornet , sometimes pricks us onely , but leaveth not his sting in us , sometime he leaveth his sting in us , and that 's far the more dangerous . He is pricked only with this sting , who sinneth suddenly and presently repenteth : but he who the Devil bringeth to a habit or custome in sin , in him he leaveth his sting . Now we know what the sting is , let us enquire where it is ? The answer is , if we speak of the reprobate men , or Devils , it remaineth in their consciences ; if we speak of the Elect , it is plucked out of their souls , and it was put in our Saviours body , and there deaded and lost , for he that knew no sin , was made sin for us , to wit , by imputing our sin to him , and inflicting the punishment thereof upon him , That we might be made the righteousness of God in him , for the chastisement of our peace was upon him , and by his stripes were we healed , who his own self bare our sins in his own body on the tree . Athanasius representeth the manner of it , by the similitude of a Wasp losing her sting in a Rock . Vespa acculeo fodiens petram , &c. as an angry Wasp thrusteth her sting into a rock , cannot pierce or enter far into it , but either breaketh her sting , or loseth it all : so Death assaulting the Lord of life , and striving with all her might to sting him , hurt not him , but disarmed her self of her sting for ever . The first interrogatory is answered , we know where Deaths sting is ; let us now consider of the second interrogatory , concerning the victory of the Grave ; O grave ! where is thy victory ? If the Grave , as she openeth her mouth wide . so she could speak , she would answer : My victories are to be seen in Macpelah , Golgotha ; in all the gulphs of the Sea , and Caves and pits of the Earth , where the dead have been bestowed since the beginning of the world . My victory is in the fire , in the water , in the earth , in all Churnels and Caemitaties , or dormitories , in the bellies of fish , in the maws of beasts , in holy shrines , Tombs and sepulchers , wheresoever corpses have been put , and are yet reserved . Of all that ever Death arrested , and they by order of divine Justice have been committed to my custody , never any but one escaped , whom the heaven of heavens could not contain , much less any earthly prison , he might truly say , and none but he ; O grave ! where is thy victory ? all save him I keep in safe custody , that were ever sent to me . Yet may all that die in Jesus , and expect a glorious Resurrection by him , even now by faith insult over the Grave , for Faith calls those things that are not , as if they were , it looketh backward as far as the Creation , which produced all things at the first of nothing : and as far forward to the resurrection which shall restore all things from nothing , or that which is as much as nothing ; Faith with an eye annointed with the eye-salve of the spirit seeth death swallowed up into victory , and the earth and sea casting up all their dead , and upon this evidence of things not seen triumpheth over Death and Hell , saying , O Death , where is thy sting ? O Hell , where is thy victory ? We have spoken hitherto of Death and the Grave , let us now hear what they have to say to us . Death saith , fear not me ; the Grave , Weep not immorderately for the dead : Death bids us die to sin : the Grave , Bury all thy injuries and wrongs in the pit of oblivion ; both say to us , slie sin , and neither of us can hurt you ; both say to us , Give thanks to him , who hath given you victory over us both , the sting of death pricks you not , but if you die in the bosome of Christ , rather delights and rickles you . Death is no more Death , but a sleep ; the Grave is no more a grave , but a bed . Death is but the putting off of our old rags , the Grave is the Vestry ; and the Resurrection , the new dressing , and richly embroydering them . Enough hath been said to convince us , that Death which before was like a Serpent armed with a deadly sting , is now but like a silly flie that buzzeth about us , but cannot sting . Yet as long as there is sin in us , we cannot but in some degree fear Death : and as long as natural affection remains in us , take on for them that are taken away . Neither doth Christian religion pluck out these affections by the root , but only prune them . All that my exhortation driveth unto , is but to moderate passion by reason ; fear by hope , grief by faith , and nature by grace : Let love express it self , yet so that in affection to the dead , we hurt not the living : Let the natural springs of tears swell , but not too much overflow their banks : let not our eyes be all upon our loss on earth , but our brothers gain also in heaven , and let the one counter-ballance at least , the other . The parish hath lost a great stay , his company in London a special ornament , his Wife a careful Husband , her Children a most tender Father , the poor a good friend ; for besides that which his right hand gave in his life-time , which his left hand knew not of ; by his Will he bequeathed certain sums of money , for a stock to those Parishes wherein he formerly lived , and to the poor of this , twenty pounds to be distributed at his Funeral . Many shall find loss of him , but he hath gained God , and is found of him ( no doubt ) in peace , for there were many tokens of a true child of God , very conspicuous in his life and death . He loved the habitation of Gods house , and the place where his honour dwelleth : He was just in his dealings , and sought peace all his life , and ensued it ; he forgot nothing so easily as wrongs , and though he enjoyed the blessings of this world in abundant measure , yet he joyed not in them , his heart was where his chief treasure lay , in heaven : he foretold his own death , and the manner thereof , that it should be sudden ; and sudden it was , yet not unexpected , nor unprepared for ; for three dayes before , he set his house in order , and desired to converse with Divines , and all his discourses was of the kingdome of God , and the powers of the life to come . When the pangs of death came upon him , he prayed most earnestly , and desired if it so stood with Gods good pleasure to be eased , yet uttered no speech of impatiency , but being asked how he did , answered that he was in Gods hands , to whom he committed his soul as his faithful Creatour , and so died as quietly as he lived ; wherefore sith he lived in Gods fear , and died in his favour , and shall rise again in his power : though the loss of him be a great cut unto us , as the loss of their children were to Pericles and Horatius Pulvillus ; yet as the one hearing of their death as he was at a solemn sacrifice kept on his Crown ; the other as he was at a dedication , held still the pillar of the temple in his hand , till the whole Ceremony was performed . So let us continue our devotion notwithstanding this Parenthesis of sorrow , and make an end of our evening sacrifice concluding with the words of the Apostle immediately following my Text ; Thanks be unto God , who hath given unto our brother and will give unto us all , victory over Death and the Grave ; yea , and Hell to , through Jesus Christ , &c. FATO FATVM . OR THE KING OF FEARES FRIGHTED AND VANQUISHED . SERMON XLIV . HOSEA 13.14 . O Death I will be thy plagues . THe Rose is fenced with pricks , and the sweetest Flowers of Paradice ( as this in my Text ) are beset with thorns or difficulties , which after I have plucked away , the Holy Spirit assisting me , I will open the leaves , and blow the flowers in the Explication of this Scripture , and in the Application thereof smell to them , and draw from thence a savour of life unto life . The Thorn groweth upon the diversity of Translations , for Rabbi Shelamo larchi reads the words , Ego ero verba tua ô mors , I will be thy words O Death . Aben Ezra , ero causatuoe mortis , I will be the cause of thy death : Saint Jerome , Ero mors tua ô mors , O Death I will be thy death , O Hell I will bite thee : and he conceiveth , that when our Saviour descended into Hell , and his flesh in the Grave saw no corruption , he spake these words to Death and Hell. O death , I will be thy death , for therefore I dyed that thou mightest be slain by my death ! O hell , I will bite and devour thee , which devourest all things in thy chops . The Septuagint render the Hebrew ubi causa tua ô mors . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 where is thy plea or thy indictment ? what hast thou now to say against the chosen of god ? Saint Paul ubi stimulus tuus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , O death where is thy sting ? that is faith Saint Austin , where is sin wherewith we are stung and poysoned ? Is not this Ghius ad Choum ? do not these Translations as well agree as harp and harrow ? neither can it be answered , ( to salve the repugnancy , and solve the difficulty ) that Saint Paul ( 1 Cor. 15.55 . ) his words have no reference to this Text in the Prophet , for the last Translation approved by our Church in the marginal note upon the 1 Cor. 15.55 . sends us to this verse in Hosea ; and we find no other place in all the Scriptures of the old Testament , to which the Apostle should allude but this . And although Calvin endeavouring to untie this Gordean knot , saith peremptorily , that it is evident that the Apostle 1 Cor 15. doth not alledg the testimony of the Prophet to confirm any Point of Doctrine delivered by him ; yet Calvin hi● evidence , for it seems to me obscure and inevident , his satis constat , minime liquet , for the express words of the Apostle , 1 Cor. 15.53 , 54 , 55. are , for this corruptible must put on incorruption , and this mortal must put on immortality ; so when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption , and this mortal shall have put on immortality ; then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written , Death is swallowed up in victory , O Death where is thy sting ? O Grave where is thy victory ? What shall we say then hereunto ? With submission to those who out of better skill in the original , and upon more exact examination of all Translations , may bring them to a better accord for the present , I thus resolve . First , that Rabbi Iarchi his translation is utterly be to rejected ; for it is like the white of an egg that hath no taste : what sense can any man pick out of these words ero verbo tua ô mors , I will be thy words O Death , unless we help them with our English phrase , I will do thine errand . Secondly , Aben-Ezra is to go packing with his fellow Rabbin , for his interpretation is a manifest contradiction to the former words of the Prophet ; I will ransome them from the power of the grave , I will redeem them from death ; he that will redeem them from death , can in no sense be said to be the cause why they die , but why they die not . Besides both he and Iarchi stumble at the same stone , to wit the word Deborica , which they derive from dabar , signifying verbum or causa ; whereas they should have derived it from Dever signifying pestem , or a plague . Thirdly , for Saint Jerome his translation , though it differ somewhat from the original , yet it is no Antithesis to the Text , but an elegant Antanaclasis , or at least a Metonymie , generis pro specie mors pro peste , I will be thy death , for I will be thy plague . Fourthly , for the translation of the Septuagint , ( which Saint Paul most seemeth to follow , because writing to the Gentiles who made use of that translation , and understood not the original , he would not give them any offence , nor derrogate from it , which was in great esteem among all , in regard of the antiquity thereof ; and it stood the Christians in those dayes in great stead to convince the unbelieving Jewes . ) It well agreeth with the Analogie of faith , and the meaning of the holy Spirit , and the Hebrew letter also will bear it ; for Ehi ( as Buxtorphius the great Master of the holy tongue , out of David Kimchi observeth ) signifieth ubi where , as well as ero I will be ; and a venemous sting , and pestis the plague differ but little : so that although the words in the original seem to be spoken by an affirmation , but in Saint Paul , and the Septuagint , by an interrogation ; in the one by a commination , in the other by an insultation ; yet both come to one sense , and contain an evident prophesie of Christ his conquest over Death and Hell. I have pluked away the thorn , and now I am come to blow the flower , and open the leaves of the words ; O death I will be thy plauges , that is , I will take away from Death the power of destroying utterly ; and from the Grave , the power of keeping the dead in it perpetually . If we take the words as spoken by way of insultation , ô mors ubi est aculeus tuus ? O death where is thy sting ? thus we are to construe them ; as a hornet or serpent when his sting is plucked out can do no hurt to any other , but soon after dyeth it self ; so Death is disarmed by Christ and left as good as dead : for as David cut off Goliahs head with his own sword , and Brasidas ran through his enemy with his own spear ; so Christ conquers over Death by death ; in as much as by his temporal death he satisfied both for the temporal and the eternal death of them that believe in him . And as he conquered Death by his death , so he destroyed the Grave by his burial ; for suffering his body to be imprisoned , and afterwards breaking the gates and barrs of the prison , he left the passage open to all his members to come out after him their head . These sacred and heavenly mysteries are shrined in the letter of this Text ; for although the Prophet speaketh to the Israelites , and maketh a kind of tender unto them of redemption from temporal death , and deliverance from corporal captivity ; yet to confirm their faith therein he bringeth in the promise of eternal redemption , from whence they were to infer , if God will redeem us from eternal , how much more from temporal death ; if he will deliver us out of the prison of the grave , how much more out of common Goals ? what though our enemies have never so great a hand over us , what though they exceed in their cruelty , and put us to all exttemity , and do their worst against us ; their cruelty cannot extend beyond death , nor their malice beyond the Grave : but Gods power and mercy reacheth farther . For he can , and he promiseth that he will revive us after we are dead , and raise us after we are buried ; he will pluck deaths sting out of us , and us out of the bowels of the Grave . Death hath not such power over the living , nor the grave over the dead , as God hath over both , to destroy the one , and swallow up the other into victory . For therefore the Son of God vouchsafeth to taste death , that Death might be swallowed up by him into victory . Although Death swallow up all things , and the Grave shut up all in darkness , yet God is above them both ; therefore when we are brought to the greatest exigent , when nothing but death and torments are before us , when we are ready to yeeld up the buckler of our faith , and breath out the last gasp of hope , let us call this Text to mind ; O death I will be thy plagues ! neither Death nor the Grave shall be my peoples bane , because I will be both their bane , and change their nature , which destroyeth all nature . For to all them that believe in me , Death shall not be a postern , but a street-door , not so much an out-let , of temporal , as an in-let of eternal life : and though the grave swallow the bodies of my Saints , yet it shall cast them up again at the last day . Thus the words yeeld us singular comfort , if we take them as a commination , and they afford us much or more , if we take them as Saint Paul , and S. Chrysostome do , by an insultation . As a man offering sacrifice for victory , and full of mirth and jollity , he leaps and tramples upon Death , lying as it were at his mercy , and sings an Io Poean , a triumphant song ; wherewith Gerardus a great friend of Saint Bernards , breathed out his last gasp , of whom he thus writeth ; In the dead time of the night my brother Gerard strangely revived , at midnight the day began to break , I sent for to see this great miracle found a man in the very Jaws of death , insulting upon death and exulting with joy , saying , O death , where is thy sting ? Death is not now a sting , but a song , for now the faithful man dyeth singing , and singeth dying . And so having plucked away the prickles , and opened the leaves by the Explication of the letter , I come now to smell to them , and draw from thence the savour of life unto life , Ero pestes tuae ô mors . As Saint Jerome writeth of Tertullian his Polemmical Treatises against hereticks , Quot verba tot fulmina , Every word is a thunderbolt : so I may truly say of this verse , quot verba tot fulmina ; So many words , so many thunder-bolts striking Death dead ; by the light whereof we may discern three parts . 1. The menaced , or party threatned , Death . 2. The menacer or party threatning , I. 3. The judgment menaced , plagues . 1. The menaced , impotent mors , Death . 2. The menacer Omnipotent Ego , I. 4. The judgment , most dreadful , pestes , plagues . 1. First of the party menaced , Death . Christ threatneth destruction to none , but to his , or his Churches enemies : But here he threatneth Death : Death therefore must needs be an enemy , and so the Apostle termeth it ; the last enemy that shall be destroyed is Death . For albeit Death by accident is an advantage , as oftentimes an enemie doth a man a good turn , which occasioned that excellent Treatise of Plutarch , wherein he sheweth us how to make an Antidote of poyson , and a good use of other mens malice : yet is it in it self an enemy alwayes to Nature , and to grace also ; it sets upon the elect , and the reprobate ; the believer , and the Infidel ; the penitent , and the obstinate , but with this difference ; it flyes at the one with a deadly sting , but at the other without a sting : the one it wounds to death , the other it terrifieth and paineth , but cannot hurt . But there being divers kinds of death , which of them is here meant ? Death is a privation , and privations cannot be defined , but by their habits ; that is such positive qualities , as they bereave us of ; for instance , sickness cannot be perfectly defined , but by health which it impaireth : nor blindness , but by sight which it destroyeth : nor darkness , but by light which it excludeth : nor death , but by life which it depriveth us of . Now if there be a four-sold life spoken of in Scripture , viz. 1. Of nature . 2. Of sin . 3. Of grace . 4. Of glory . There must needs be a four-fold death answerable thereunto . 1. The death of Nature , is the privition of the life of nature , by parting soul and body . 2. The death of sin , is the privation of the life of sin by mortifying grace . 3. The death of Grace , is the privation of the life of grace , by reigning sin . 4. The death of Glory , is the privation of the life of Glory , by a total and final exclusion from the glorious presence of God , and the kingdome of heaven , and a casting into the lake of fire and brimstone , prepared for the devil and his angels . Of Death in the first sense , David demandeth who is he that liveth , and shall not see death , and shall he deliver his soul from the hand of hell ? of Death in the second sence , Saint Paul enquireth , how shall we that are dead to sin live any longer therein ? Of Death in the third sense , Saint Paul must be meant , where he rebuketh wanton Widdows , Shee that liveth in pleasure , is dead while shee liveth . Of Death in the fourth sense , Saint John is to be understood ; blessed is he that hath part in the first resurrection , for on such the second death hath no power . Saint Austin joyneth all these significations , and maketh one sentence of divers senses ; he is dead to death ; that is , Death cannot kill , burt , or affright him who is dead to sin . And another of the Ancients makes a sweet cord of them like so many strings struck at once , he that dyeth before he dies , shall never die ; he that dyeth to sin before he dyeth to nature , shall never die to God , neither in this world by final deprivation of grace , neither in the world to come of glory . Of these four significations of Death , the first and last sort with this Text , for that the first is to be meant , it is evident by the consequence here ; O grave , I will be thy destruction : And by the antecedents in Saint Paul , When this corruptible , shall put on incorruption , &c , And that the second is included , may be gathered both from the words of Saint John , And Death and Hell were cast into the lake of fire ; and of our Saviour , I was dead , and I am alive , and have the keyes of Hell , and of Death . And so I fall upon my second Observation , viz. the person menacing , J , the second person in Trinity , our blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ . The word here used Ehi , is the same with that we read , Exod. 3. Ehi Ashur Ehi , I am that I am ; and if the observation of the Ancients be current , that wheresoever God speaketh unto man in the old Testament in the shape of man of Angel , we are to understand Christ , for that all those apparitions were but a kind of preludia of his incarnation ; then the Person here threatning can be no other then he ; besides , the word Egilam in the former part of this vers . being derived from Gaal , signifying propinquus fuit , or redemit jure propinquitatis ; pointeth to our Saviour , who by assuming our nature , became our Alie by blood , and performed this office of a kins-man , by redeeming the inheritance which we had lost . But we have stronger arguments then Grammatical observations , that he who here promised life to the dead , and threatneth plagues to Death , was the Son of God , the Lord of quick and dead ; for the same who promiseth to redeem from the Grave , threatneth to plague Death : but we all know that Redeemer is the peculiar stile of the Son , as Creator is of the Father , and Sanctifier of the Holy Ghost , tu redemisti nos , thou hast redeemed us to GOD by thy blood , out of every kindred , and tongue , and people , and Nation . To the redemption of a slave that is not able to ransome himself , three at least concur ; the Scrivener who writeth the Conditions , and sealed the Bonds : the party who soliciteth the business , and mediateth for the captive , and layeth down the sum agreed upon for his ransome ; and the person in whose power the captive is , and who accepteth of the ransome ; Which of these is the Redeemer ? you will all say , he that is at the cost of all ; so it is in our redemption from spiritual thraldome , the holy Spirit draweth the condition , & sealeth the Bonds , the Father receiveth the ransome , the Son both mediateth for the ransoming , and layeth down the sum ; For we were not redeemed with corruptible things , as silver and gold , but the precious blood of Christ , as of a Lamb withou● blemish , he took part of our nature , that through death he might destroy him that had tthe power of death , that is the devil , and deliver them who through the fear of death , were all there life-time subject to bondage . Hence we gather that he that destroyed death must die : but to affirm that the immortal and eternal Spirit of God expired , is blasphemy , and to say that the Father suffered , is heresie , long ago condemned in the Patro-passions ; we conclude therefore with the Apostle , that the second person Christ Jesus , hath abolished death , and hath brought life and immortality to light by the Gospel . And so I fall upon my last Observation , the judgment here mentioned Davorica . 3. Thy plagues , there is no tittle or iota in holy Scripture superfluous , some mystery therefore lyeth in the number , plagues in the plural , not plague in the singular , which I conceive to be this , that Christ put Death to many deaths , and foyled , and conquered it many wayes ; first in himself ; secondly in his members . First , in himself by destroying sin , the sting of Death . Secondly , by breaking the bonds thereof in his powerful Resurrection , wherewith it was impossible that he should be held . Secondly , in his members by changing the nature of it to them , and making it of a curse a blessing ; of a loss , a gain ; of a punishment , either a great honour , or a special favour , or a singular advantage : a great honour as to the Martyrs , who thereby acquired so many Rubies to their crown of glory , as they shed drops of blood for their Saviour : A special favour , as to Abraham , Josiah , and Saint Austin , who were taken away , that they might not see , and feel the misery , that after their death fell on the posterity of the one , the subjects of the other , and the diocess of the third . A singular advantage to all the faithful , who thereby are discharged from all cares , fears , sorrows , and temptations , and presently enter into their Masters joy ; For blessed are the dead that die in the Lord , for they rest from their labours , and their works follow them . Now the means whereby Christ conquered death , & utterly destroyed it , are diversly set down by the learned ; some argue a contrariis , contraries say they are to be destroyed by their contraries ; as heat by cold , moysture by drought , sickness by health : Death therefore must needs be destroyed by life as the contrary , but Christ , is the resurrection and the life , in him was life , and life was the light of men . Saint Austin declareth it after this manner : Life dying contended with Death living , and got a glorious and signal victory . Nysscen thus , the Devil catching at the flesh of Christs humane nature , as a bate was cought by the hook of his divine . Saint Leo , and Chrysologus thus , if a Bayliff or Sergeant arrest the Kings son , or a priviledged person , and lay him up in a close prison without commission , he deserveth to be turned out of his place for it . So Death Gods Serjeant , seizing upon his Son ( in whom there was no fault ) without warrant or commission was justly discharged of his office . Is Death thus discharged , hath Christ changed the nature of Death , and freed all his Members from the sting of the temporal and fear of eternal death ? hath he of a postern made it a street-door , of an out-let of mortal life , an in-let of immortality ? why then are we so much afraid of death , which can no more hurt us then a hornet or wasp after her sting is plucked out ? Christ fought with a living death , we with a dead death ; which doth not so much sever our souls from our bodies , as joyn them to Christ ; not so much end our life as our mortality ; not so much exclude us out of the Militant , as render us to the Triumphant Church . Nothing is more dreadful I confess to the natural man , then Death which dissolveth the soul and body , and the Grave which resolveth the body into dust and ashes . To cure this malady of the mind , there is no vertue in any Drug of nature ; the Philosophers in this case are Physitians of no value , they tell us , that sickness and death are , tributa vivendi , and the Grave the common house of the dead . But what of this ? what comfort is here ? doth this speculation discharge us from the tribute , or make the payment thereof the easier ? doth it inlighten the darkness of these prisons of nature ? or take away the stench from these under-ground houses ? no whit . Yet ( God be thanked ) there is a magazine in Scripture to pay these tributes ; there is light in Goshen to enlighten these houses , there is Specknard to perfume these dankish rooms ; there are Cordials in holy Scripture to strengthen the heart , not only against deadly maladies , but also against death it self : for there we hear of a voyce from heaven , not only affirming the happiness of the dead , but confirming it with a strong reason , for they rest from their labours , and their works follow them : we hear of Tabernacles not made with hands , but eternal in the Heavens : we hear that when we are absent from the body , we are present with the Lord : we hear the Lord of life opening the ears and chearing the heart of the dead ; and saying , I am the resurrection and the life , whosoevor believeth in me though he were dead , yet shall he live . There we hear death not only disarmed of his sting , but also slain down right ; O death I will be thy death , O grave I will be thy destruction . Secondly , hath Christ destroyed Death , and hath he both the keyes of Death and of Hell ? then beloved , when we lie on our death-bed , let us not have recourse after the Popish manner to any Saint or Angel , no not to the blessed Virgin her self , but to her Son who is the Lord of life ; who satisfying for our sins at his death , thereby plucked out the sting of death , and after his resurrection quite destroyed this serpent . In which regard he is stiled , stella matutina , the Morning star , because he ushereth in the day of eternity , and primitiae dormientum , the first fruis of them that slept , because in him the whole lump is sanctifyed : When therefore the fiery Serpent hovereth over us to sting us to eternal death , let us look upon the Brazen Serpent , and the other shall not hurt us . Lastly , hath Christ conquered Death and Hell and that for us ? let us then give him the honour of the greatest Worthy and noblest Conquerour that ever the World saw . Cyrus , and Alexander , and Caesar , were no way to be compared to him ; for they subdued but mortal enemies , he immortal ; they bodily , he ghostly ; they with great Armies and power of men , but he alone ; they when they were alive , and in their full strength and vigour , but he at the hour of his death , and afterwards . I conclude therfore with Saint Jerome his insultation over Death , and thanksgiving to the Lord of life . O death thou didst bite and wert bitten , thou didst devour , and art now devoured by him whom for a time thou didst devour ; by his death thou art ssain , by his death we live everlastingly : thanks be rendred unto thee O Saviour , who hast subdued so powerful an adversary , and put him to death by thy death and passion . The Ethiopians as Herodotus relateth , made Sepulchres of glass ; for after they have dryed the corps , they artificially paint it , & set it in a glazed Coffin , that all that pass by may see the lineaments of the dead body : but surely they deserve better of the dead and more benefit the living , who draw the lineaments of their mind , and represent their vertues and graces in a Mirrour of Art : ( for I am not of their judgment among us , who properly and deservedly are called Precisians , because out of the purity of their precise zeal , it a praecidunt they so neer pair the nails of Romish superstition , that they make the fingers bleed ; who out of fear of praying forsooth for the dead , or invocating them , are shie of speaking any word of them , or sending after them their deserved commendations , ) for it is piety to honour God in his Saints ; it is justice suum cuique tribure , to give every one his due : it is charity to propose eminent examples of heavenly graces and vertues shining in the dead , for the imitation of the living . Such jewels ought not to be locked up in a Coffin , as in a Casket , but to be set out to the view of all ; and surely they deserve better of the dead , who set a garland of deserved praises on their life , then they who stick their Hearse full with flowers . Tapers made of pure wax burn clearly , and after they are blown out , leave a sweet savour behind them , so the servants of Christ , who have caused their light so to shine before men , that they may see their works , and glorisie their Father which is in Heaven : leave a good name like a sweet smell behind them , and why may we not blow it abroad by our breath , Deo Patri , &c. The rest concerning the life and death of the party is lost . Vox Coeli . OR THE DEADS HERAULD . SERMON XLV . APOC. 14.13 . And I heard a voyce from Heaven , saying unto me , write , blessed are the dead which die in the Lord , from henceforth , &c. VBi Vulnus , ibi manus ; From whence we took our Wound , from thence we receive the Cure : a voice from Heaven struck all the living dead , saying , All flesh is grass , and the glory or goodliness of it , is as the flower of the field , The grass withereth , &c. But here a voice from Heaven maketh all whole again , and representeth all the dead in the Lord living ; yea , and flourishing too , saying , Blessed are the dead that dye in the Lord. To give a touch at the Wound , that the smart thereof may make the sense of the cure more delightful : Omnis caro foenum , & omnis homo flos , All flesh is grass , and every man is a flower . There is difference in grass , some is longer , and some is shorter ; so some men are longer lived , some shorter ; some grass shooteth up with one leaf , some with three , some with five , or more : so some men have more in their Retinue , some fewer , some none at all . Some grass withereth before it is cut , as the grass on the house-top ; some is cut before it withereth , as the grass of the field : so some men decay before the Sythe of Death cuts them ; all other after . Likewise , there is a great difference among flowers . 1. Some are for sight only , not for the smell , or any vertue in medicines ; as Tulips , Emims , and Crown Emperials . 2. Some for sight and smell , but of no use in Medicines ; as Sweet-williams , the painted Lady , and July-flowers generally . 3. Some are both for sight and smell , and of singular use in Medicines , as Roses and Violets . So some men are of better parts , and greater use in the Church and Common-wealth , others of less . Some flowers grow in the field , some in the garden : so some mens lives and imployments are publike , others private . Some flowers are put in Posies , some in Garlands , some are cast into the Still : so some men are better preferred them others , and some live and die in obscurity . Lastly , some flowers presently lose their colour and scent , as the Narcissus ; some keep them both long , as the red Rose : So some men continue longer in their bloom , grace and favour ; others for a short time , but all-fade , and within a while are either gathered , cut down , or withered of themselves and die . And for this reason it is as I conceived , that we stick hearbs and flowers on the Hearse of the dead , to signifie , that as we commit earth to earth , and ashes to ashes ; so we put grass to grass and flowers to flowers . For , omnis caro foenum , All flesh is grass , and all the goodliness , thereof as the flower of the field , the grass withereth , and the flower fadeth away ; But the comfort is in that which followeth ; But the word of the Lord endureth for ever , and this is the word which by the Gospel is preached unto you ; Whereof this verse which I have read unto you for my Text , is part . Which Saint John inferreth as a conclusion or corrolary upon the conclusion of the Saints and Martyrs lives , this conclusion is inferred upon two premises . 1 The end of their labours . 2 The reward of their work . The Syllogisme may be thus formed . All they who are come to an end of their labour , and have received liberally for their work , or are paid well for their pains , are happy : But all the dead that die in the Lord , are come to an end of their labour , for they rests rom their labours , and receive liberally , for their works follow them . Ergo , all the dead that die in the Lord are happy . As in other Texts , so in this we may borrow much light from the occasion of the speech which here was this ; Saint John having related in a vision a fearful persecution to falt in the latter times , whereby the earth should be reaped , and the Saints mowen like grass , and true beleevers like grapes pressed in such sort , that their blood should come out of the wine-press , even to the horse bellies , breaketh into an Epiphonema , verse . 12. here is the patience of the Saints ; that is , here is matter for their patience , and faith to work upon : Here is their patience , to endure for Gods cause , whatsoever man or divel can inflict upon them : to part with any limb for their head Christ Jesus , gladly to forfeit their estates on earth for a crown in heaven : chearfully to lose their lives in this vail of tears , that they may find them in the rivers of pleasures that spring at Gods right hand for evermore . Here is work for their faith also , to see heaven , as it were , through hell ; eternal life in present death , to beleeve that God numbreth every hair of their head , and that every tear they shed for his sake shall be turned into a pearl , every drop of blood into a Ruby to be set in their crown of glory . To confirme both their faith , and patience Christ proclaimeth from heaven , that howsoever in their life they seemed miserable ; yet in their death they shall be most blessed , and that the worst their enemies can do , is to put them in present possession of their happiness ; Blessed are the dead , &c. So saith the spirit , whatsoever the flesh saith to the contrary . Here we have 1. A proposition , De fide , of faith . 2. A Deposition , or testimony of the spirit . A Proposition of the happy estate of the dead . A deposition of the holy Ghost to confirm our faith therein . 1. Saint John sets down his relation . 2. A most comfortable assertion . 3. A most strong confirmation . The relation strange , The assertion as strange , of a possession without an owner ; a blessed estate of them , who according to the Scripture phrase , are said not to be . The Confirmation as strange as either , by an audible testimony of an invisible witness ; So saith the spirit . Or because this asseveration concerning the condition of the Saints departed , is propositio necessaria ( as the Schools speak ) we will cloath the members of the division with terms apodictical , and in this verse observe , 1. A conclusion sientifical , whereof the parts are . 1. The subject indefinite , mortui , the dead . 2. The attribute absolute , beati , blessed . 3. The cause , propter quam , the Lord , or dying in the Lord. 2. The proof demonstrative , and that two-fold . 1. A priori . 1. By a heavenly oracle , I heard a voyce , &c. 2. A divine testimony , So saith the spirit . 2. A Posteriori , by arguments drawn . 1. From their cessation from their work , They rest from their labours . 2. Their remuneration for their works , Their works follow them . Where the matter is pretious , a decision of the least quantity is a great loss : and therefore ( as the spie of nature observeth ) the Jewellers will not rub out a small clowd , or speck , in an orient Ruby , because the lessening the substance will more disadvantage them , then the fetching out of the spot advance them in the sale ; Neither will the Alcumists lose a drop of quintessence ; nor the Apothecaries a grain of Bezar , nor an exact Commentatour upon holy Scriptures any syllables of a voyce from heaven , the eccho whereof is more melodious to the soul , then any consort of most tuneable voyces upon earth can be . In which regard I hold it fit to relinquish my former divisions , and insist upon each word of this verse ( as a Bee sitteth upon each particular flower ) that we may not lose any drop of doctrins sweeter then the honey , and the honey comb , any lease of the tree of life , any dust of the gold of Ophir . 1. J : there were three men in holy Scripture termed Jedidiah , that is , Beloved of God ; Solomon , Daniel , and Saint John the Evangelist : and to all these God made known the secrets of his Kingdome by special revelation , and their prophecies are for the most part of a mystical interpretation . This Revelation was given to John , when he was in the spirit upon the Lords day ; and if we religiously observe the Lords day , and then be in the spirit as he was , giving our selves wholly to the contemplation of Divine mysteries : we shall also hear voyces from heaven in our souls and consciences . Heard , with what ears could Saint John hear this voyce , sith he was in a spiritual rapture , which usually shutteth up all the doors of the sences ? I answer , that as spirits have tongues to speak withall , whereof we read 1 Cor. 13.1 . Though I speak with the tongues of men and Angels : so they have ears to hear one another , that is a spiritual faculty answerable to our bodily sense of hearing . The Apostle saith of himself , that he was in the spirit ; and as he was in the spirit , so he saw in the spirit , and heard in the spirit , and spake in the spirit , and moved in the spirit , and did all those things which are recorded in this Book . When Saint Paul was wrap'd up into the third Heaven , and heard there words that cannot be uttered , and saw things which cannot be represented with the eye ; he truly and really apprehended those objects , yet not with carnal , but spiritual sences , wherewith Saint John heard this voyce . A voyce from Heaven . The Pythagoreans taught , that the Coelestial sphears by the regular motions , produced harmonious sounds : and the Psalmist teacheth us , that the Heavens declare the glory of God , and the firmament sheweth his handy work , and that there is no speech nor language where their voyce is not heard ; but that was the voyce of Heaven it self , demonstrately proving , and after a sort proclaiming the Majesty of the Creatour . But this is vox de coelo , a voyce from Heaven pronounced by God himself , or formed by an Angel ; so Gasper Melo expresly teacheth us . Saint John heard a voyce , not sounding out wardly , but inwardly framed by that Angel , who revealed unto him the whole Apocalypse . Saint John here heard a voyce from Heaven commanding him to Write ; and Saint Austin heard a voyce from Heaven commanding him to Read , Tolle lege ; and most requisite it is , that where Heaven speaks , the earth should hear , and where God writes , that man should read . There never yet came any voyce from Heaven , 〈◊〉 did not much import and concern the earth to hear . The first voyce that came from Heaven , was heard on Mount Sinai ; and it was to confirm the Law to be of divine authority , and establish our faith in God the Creator . A second voyce from Heaven we hear of in Saint Peter on the holy Mount , when the Apostles were there with Christ , and it was to confirm the Gospel , and to establish our faith in Christ the Redeemer . A third voyce , ( or sound ) was heard from Heaven in the upper room , where Christs Apostles were assembled in the day of Pentecost , and it was to confirme our faith in the holy Ghost the Comforter . A fourth voyce that came from Heaven , was heard by Saint Peter in a vision , and it was to confirme our faith in the Catholike Church , and the Communion of Saints , and the incorporating both Jewes , and Gentiles in one mystical body . Lastly , a voyce was heard from Heaven by Saint John in this place , to establish our faith in the last Article of the Creed , concerning the happiness of the dead , and the glorious estate of the Tryumphant Church , and the life of the World to come . If we desire to be informed concerning the affaires of the Abissens , or those of China , Sumatra , or Japan ; we confer with those that are of the same Country , or have travelled into those parts : and for the like reason , if we desire to be instructed concerning the state and condition of the Citizens of the Heavenly Jerusalem ; their insinite number , their excellent order , their singular priviledges , their everlasting joyes , their feasts , their robes , their palmes , their thrones , their crowns ; we must enquire of them who either are inhabitants there , or have brought us news from thence ; nothing but a voyce from Heaven can enforce our assent to these heavenly mysteries . Now as all words of Kings are of great authority , but specially their Edicts and Proclamations ; so all voyces from Heaven are highly to be regarded and religiously obeyed , but especially Decrees and Statutes which are commanded by the authority of the high Court of Heaven , to be written for perpetuity ; such as this is , in my Text , I heard a voyce from Heaven , saying Write , with a Pen of Diamond , in letters never to be oblitrated , write it so that it may be read of men in all succeeding Ages , even to the last man that shall stand upon the earth . Here I cannot sufficiently admire the boldness of Cardinal Bellarmine , who to disparage the necessity of holy Scripture , and cry up unwritten traditions , which are the best evidence he can produce for his new Trent Creed ; blusheth not to publish it to the World in print , that the Apostles and Evangelists had no command from God to write their Gospels or Epistles , but that they wrote upon the entreaty of some friends , or some emergent occasious . Were there no other Text in all the holy Scriptures but this , nor word in this Text but this one , Write , it were alone sufficient to convince him of gross ignorance , if not rather giving the lie to his own knowledge . But yet farther , rather to confound him with shame , then convince him with evidence ; doth not the Apostle affirme in general of the whole Scripture , that it is given by Divine inspiration ? and what is inspiring but a kind of dictating to all the Pen-men of the holy Ghost ? and doth not he that dictateth to another , both tell him what he shall write , and bid him write it ? Besidesin the 1 of the Apocalypse , vers . 10 , 11. Saint John heard a great voyce as of a trumpet , saying ; I am Alpha , and Omega , the first and the last , and what thou seest write in a Book . Thirdly , besides the general command of committing the whole Word of God to writing , and a special mandate for the writing the Apocolypse , we have a singular precept for the writing the precise words of this Text ; and must not that needs be thrice worthy our observation , which is written by a threefold command ? and what is that ? Blessed are the dead , If the dead are blessed , the dead are , for an argument a terito adjacente ad secundum , ever holdeth if the tearms be taken in the proper sence . The Metaphisicks demonstrate , non ent is nullus esse affectiones , that such things as have no existence , have no qualities nor real attributes : but blessedness is here attributed to the dead , the dead therefore are . And the Philosopher who being demanded whether the living or the dead were more in number ? answered , that doubtless the living , quia mortui ne sunt quiedm , because the dead were not to be reckoned upon , in regard now they are not at all , spake without book , and uttered that which is most false , as we learn from the mouth of Truth himself ; who not only affirmeth that the dead are , but that they are also living , though dead to this World , yet not to the World , yet not to the World to come ; dead to men , but not dead to God , have ye not read saith our Saviour , what is spoken unto you by God , saying ; I am the God of Abraham , and the God of Isaac , and the God of Jacob , God is not the God of the dead , but of the living , for all live to him ? but are all the dead blessed ? the Text answereth , all the dead that die in the Lord ; That die in the Lord ? Yea , but you will say , those that are already dead , cannot die , what then is the meaning of this phrase , the dead that die in the Lord ? Saint Ambrose answereth , he that is dead already cannot die in the same sence that he is dead , but he that is already dead in one sence , may be said to die in another ; he that is dead to the World , as all the regenerated who have mortified the deeds of the flesh , may afterwards die to the body , and so die in the Lord , that is , breath out his soul into the hands of the Lord. This is sound Divinity , and a true proposition , but no true exposition of this place ; in which the latter seemeth to be a limitation of the former : as God is near to all that call upon him , yea , all that call upon him faithfully ; so here , blessed are the dead , what all dead howsoever they die ? no , but all that die in the Lord. There is much variety , among the interpreters about the interpretation of this phrase , to die in the Lord. Some will have the meaning thereof , to be those that die for the Christian faith , and seal the truth thereof with their bloud . And they alleage for themselues , first parallel texts of Scripture , wherein the preposition in , is put for pro : for as Gen. 18.13 . Omnes in te benedicentur , all Nations shall be blessed in thee , that is for thee , and in thy seed , that is , for thy seed ; and Gen. 28.18 . servivi Berachel , word for word , I served in Rachel , that is for Rachel . Next they alleage the antecedents , together with the occasion of these words verse 12. here is the patience of the Saints , here are they that keep the commandements of God , and the faith of Jesus Christ : and truly the main scope of the Text seemeth to be , to arm the godly with patience , and to encourage them to fight against the Beast , upon whom before God execute vengeance , if it so fall out that many of Gods faithfull servants loose their lives : Yet that none should be dismayed therewith , because all that so die are blessed , for they exchange a temporal life in this World , for an eternal in another . Thirdly say they , it cannot be well conceived how any can die , in Domino , in the Lord , who is the Lord of life , if we take the preposition in the proper sence : for though in the natural body a member may be cut off and die , the head being alive ; yet it is not so in the mystical body of Christ , no true Member thereof can be cut off , much less die , while it continues in that body , by dying in the Lord , therefore we must understand dying for the Lord , so they . Others will have the words not to be restrained to Martyrs only , but to belong to all that die in the fear of God , and the faith of Christ . And they alledg for themselves also a parallel Text ; 1 Cor. 15.18 . where to fall a sleep in the Lord , is spoken generally of all true believers departing this life . Besides Saint Bernard and other of the Ancients apparantly distinguish these phrases , mori in Domino , & mori propter Dominum , to die in the Lord , and to die for the Lord : mori pro Domino martyrum est , mori in Domino omnium confessorum , si beati qui in Domino moriuntur , quanto magis qui pro Domino moriuntur ? to die for the Lord is the glory of martyrs , but to die in the Lord , the glory of all Confessors : if they are happy who die in the Lord , how much more they that die for the Lord ? Thirdly , the reward here promised is common to all believers , and not peculiar to the Martyrs : for all true believers when they die rest from their labours , and their works follow them . If the Spirit had meant Martyrs only , he would rather have said , they have ease from their torments , then rest from their labours , and their trophies and victories follow them . All that die for the Lord , die also in the Lord ; but all that die in the Lord , do not necessarily die for the Lord : we deny not that the Martyrs have the greatest share in this blessedness , but all Confessors have their parts also : the Martyrs Crown is beset with a Rubie or some richer jewel then ordinary , their Garland hath a flower or two more in it , to wit some red flower as well as white ; yet the Crown and Garland of all Confessors are compleat . And therefore not only Beda , and Bernard , and Richardus , and Andreus , and Primasius , and Haymo , and Ansbertus , and Ioachimus , but also the Greek , and the Roman , Church ; yea , and the reformed also understand these words , of all that die in Gods favour : for they read these words at the Funerals of all the dead , and not only at the Funeralls of Martyrs . Yea , but how can any be said to die in the Lord , that is continuing his Member , sith Christ hath no dead Members ? I answer that the faithful die not in the Lord in that sense in which they live in him ; but 〈◊〉 ther , they die not spiritually , nor cease to be his mystical Members ; but naturally , that is , they continuing in Christs faith and love , breath out their souls , and so fall asleep in his bosome , or die in his love , laying hold of him by faith , and relying on him by hope , and embracing him by charity . All they die in the Lord , who die in the act of contrition , as Saint Austin , who reading the penetential Psalms with many tears , breathed out his last gasp , sighing for his sins . Or in the act of charity as Saint Jerome , who in a most fervent , or vehement exhortation to the love of God , gave up the Ghost . Or in the act of Religion , as Saint Ambrose , who after he had received the blessed Sacrament , in a heavenly rapture , and a holy parley with Christ , left the body . Or in the act of Devotion as Aquinas , who lifting up his eyes and hands to heaven , pronouncing with a loud voyce those words of the Spouse in the Canticles , Come my beloved , let us go forth , went out of this world . Or in the Act of gratulation , and thanks-giving , as Petrus Celestinus , who repeating that last verse of the last Psalm , Omnis spiritus laudet Dominum , Let every breath , or every one that hath breath , praise the Lord , breathed out his soul . Or in an Act of divine contemplation , as Gerson that famous Chancellor of Paris , who having explicated fifty properties of divine love , concluded both his Treatise , and his life with fortis ut mors dilectio , Love is strong as death . To kint up all , six sorts of men may lay just claim to the blessedness in my Text. First Martyrs , for they die in the Lord , because they die in his quarrel . Secondly , Confessors , for they die in the Lord , because they die in his faith , and in the confession of his name . Thirdly , all they that love Christ , and are beloved of him , for they die in the Lord , because they die in his bosome , and embracings . Fourthly , all truly penitent sinners , for they die in the Lord , because they die in his peace . Fifthly , all they who are engrafted into Christ by a special faith , and persevere in him to the end , for they die in the Lord , because they die in his communion , as being members of his mystical body . Lastly , all they that die , calling upon the Lord , or otherwise make a godly end , for they die in the Lord , because they die in the works of the Lord , and happy is that servant whom his Master when he cometh shall find so doing . From hence-forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Beza and some other render the word in the original perfectly , because the dead obtain the blessedness they hoped for ; but this Exposition cannot stand , unless we restrain this blessedness to the soul . For the persect and consummate happiness of all that die in the Lord , consisteth in the glorisication of their bodies and souls , when they shall see God face to face , and the beams of his countenance directly falling upon the soul , shall reflect also upon the body : and most true it is which Paraus observeth , the deads blessedness , far exceeds the blessedness of the living ; for here we have but the first fruits of happiness , but in heaven we shall have the whole lump : here we hunger and thirst for righteousness , there we shall be satisfied . To this we all willingly assent , but it will not hence follow , that they have their whole lump of happiness till the day of judgment : blessed they are from the hour of their death , but not perfectly ; blessed , but not consummately : blessed intensive , as blessed as the soul by it self can be for that state in which it now is : not blessed extensive , not so blessed as the whole person shall be , when the soul shall be the second time given to the body , and both bid to an everlasting feast at the marriage of the Lamb. Others therefore more agreeable to the Analogie of faith , render the original 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from hence-forth , and refer the hence-forth , not to the time of the uttering this Prophesie ; as if before it none were blessed ( for before this prophecie all the Apostles ( Saint John only excepted ) and thousands of Saints and Martyrs had dyed in the Lord , and were at rest from their labours ) but to the instant of their dying in the Lord , they no sooner lost their lives for Christ , then they found happiness in him . So soon as Lazarus dyed , his soul was carryed by Angels into Abrahams bosome . So soon as the Thief expired on the Cross , he aspired to paradise , and was with Christ ; So Nazianzen teacheth concerning every religious soul ; I believe , faith he , that every noble soul which is in grace and favour with God , presently as soon as she hath shaken off the body , which kept down her wings , flyeth joyfully streight up to her Lord ; and Saint Cyprian , Death to the godly is not a departure , but a pass from a temporal to an eternal life , and no stay by the way , as soon as we have finished our course here , we may arrive at the goal there ; And S. Bernard , The infidels call the parting of the soul from the body , Death , but the believers call it the Passeover , because it is a pass from death to life . For they die to the world , that they may perfectly live to God. To strike sayl and make towards the shoar , if all that die in the Lord are blesfed , from the very moment of their death , and this blessedness is confirmed by a voyce from heaven : let us give more heed to such a voyce , then to any whisper of the flesh or devil . Whatsoever Philosophy argueth , or Reason objecteth , or sense excepteth against it : let us give more heed to God then man , to the spirit then the flesh , to faith then to reason , to heaven then to earth ; although they who suffer for the testimony of the Gospel seem to be most miserable , their skins being fleyed off , their joynts racked , their whole body torn in pieces , or burned to ashes ; their goods confiscate , their arms defaced , and all manner of disgraces put upon them : yet they are most happy in heaven , by the testimony of heaven it self , the malice of their enemies cannot reach so high as heaven , it cannot touch them there , much less awake them out of their sweet sleep in Jesus . Secondly , if the dead are blessed in comparison of the living : let us not so glue our thoughts , and affections to the world , and the comforts thereof , but that they may be easily severed , for there is no comparison between the estate of the godly in this life , and in the life to come ; for here they labour for rest , there they rest from their labour : here they expect what they are to receive , there they receive what they expected : here they hunger and thirst for righteousness , there they are satisfied ; here they are continually afflicted , either for their sins , or with their sins , and they have continual cause to shed tears , either for the calamities of Gods people , or the stroaks they themselves receive from God , or the wounds they give themselves ; there all tears are wiped from their eyes . Here they are alwayes troubled , either with the evils they fear , or the fear of evil : but when they go hence , Death sets a period to all fear , cares , sorrows , and dangers . And therefore Solon spake divinely , when he taught Crasus , that he ought to suspend his verdict of any mans happiness till he saw his end . Thirdly , if those dead are blessed , that die in the Lord , let us strive to be of that number , camus & nos moriamur cumeo , Let us go and die with him , and in him : And that we may do so , we must first endeavour to live in him ; For Cornelius a Lapida , his collection is most true ; As a man cannot die at Rome , who never lived at Rome : so none can die in Christ , who never lived in him , and none can live in him , who is not in him ; first then we must labour to be in him ; and how may we compass this ? Christ himself teacheth us : I am the Vine , and my Father is the Husbandman , every branch that beareth not fruit in me ; he taketh away , and every branch that breareth fruit , he purgeth , that it may bring forth more fruit ; as the branch cannot bear fruit of it self , except it abide in the Vine , no more can ye except ye abide in me . Hence we learn that we cannot bear fruit in Christ , unless as branches we be ingrasted into him ; now that a graft maybe inoculated . 1. There must be made an incision in the tre . 2. The graffe or syence most be imped in . 3. After it is put in , it must be joyned fast to the tree . The incision is already made , by the wounds given Christ at his death many incisions were made in the true Vine : that which putteth us in , or inoculateth us , is a special faith , and that which binds us fast to the tree , is love and the grace of perseverance . If then we be engrafted by faith into Christ , and bound fast unto him by love , we shall partake of the Juice of the stock , and grow in grace , and bear fruit also more and more , and so living in the true Vine , we shall die in him , and so dying in him , we shall reflourish with him in everlasting glory . Fourthly , if we are assured by a voyce from heaven , that none but they are blessed , who die in the Lord : all Infidels , Jewes , and Turks ; yea and such hereticks too as deny all special faith in Christ are in a wretched and lamentable case ; for it is clear that unbeleevers cannot live in Christ , for the just liveth by faith , and though hereticks , and among them our Adversaries of Rome have a general faith , yet because they want a special faith in Christ whereby they are to be ingrafted into him , and made members of his mystical body , they can make no proof to themselves or others , ( at least unless they renounce some of the Trent Articles ) that they live , or die in the Lord. Lastly , if all that die in Christ are blessed , as a voyce from heaven assureth us , we do wrong to heaven , if we account them miserable : we do wrong to Christ , if we count them as lost whom he hath found ; if we shed immoderate tears for them from whose eyes He hath wiped away all tears ; to wear perpetual blacks for them , upon whom he hath put long white robes . Whatsoever our losses may be by them , it cometh far short of their gain : our cross is light , in comparison of their super-excellent weight of glory ; therefore let us not sorrow for them , as those that have no hope : Let us not shew our selves Infidels by too much lamenting the death of beleevers . Weep we may for them , or rather for our loss by them , but moderately , as knowing that our loss is their gain , and if we truly love them , we cannot but exceedingly congratulate their feasts of joy , their rivers of pleasures , their Palmes of victory , their robes of majesty , their crowns of glory . Water therefore your plants at the departure of your dearest friends , but drown them not . For whatsoever we complain of here , they are freed from there , and whatsoever we desire here , they enjoy there : they hunger not , but feast with the Lamb ; they sigh not , but sing with Moses , having safely passed over the glassy sea ; they lie not in darkness , but possesse inheritance of Saints in light . They have immunity from sin , freedome from all temptations , and security from danger : they have rest for their labours here , comfort for their troubles , glory for their disgrace , joyes for their sorrowes , life for their death in Christ , and Christ for all , Cui , &c. VICTORIS BRABAEUM : OR , THE CONQUERORS PRIZE . A SERMON Preached at Rotheriffe , at the Funeral of M ris . Dorothy Gataker , Wife to the Worthy and Reverend Divine , Master Thomas Gataker , B. D. SERMON XLVI . Apoc. 14.13 . So faith the Spirit , that they may rest from their labours , and their works follow them . THe longer a man enjoyeth the benefit of life , the more cause he hath to desire death ; for cares grow with years , and sins with cares , and sorrows with sins , and fears with sorrows ; which trouble the quiet , and confound the musick , and blend the mirth , and damp the whole joy of our life : so that he who spinneth the thred of his life to the greatest length , gaineth nothing thereby but this , that he can give a fuller and clearer evidence of the vanity of the world , and yeild a more ample testimony to the misery of man during his abode in the flesh : whom if we take at the best advantage of his Worldly happiness , he must needs confess that he hath nothing of all that is past , but a sad remembrance ; nor of that which is to come , but a solicitous fear . As after a great feast at which a man hath glutted his appetite , nothing remaineth but loathsome and stinking fumes - ascending from the stomack to the head , and offending the brain ; so of all the pleasures of sin past , nothing remaineth but a bitter tast in the conscience , or rather to use Saint Bernards Metaphor , amar a & foeda vestigia , foul and stinking prints left in the floar where he danced after the Devils pipe ; sorrow and shame for what he hath been , and fear for what he shall be , mingles and sours all the joy and delight in that he is . And what is he at the best ? a poor tennent at will of a ruinous cottage of loam , or house of clay ready to fall about his ears , with a Grashoppers leap in a spot of ground . His apparel is but stoln raggs , his wealth the excrements of the earth , his dyet , bread of carefulness , got with the sweat of his brows , and all his comforts and recreations , rather as Saint Austin tearms them , solatia miserorum quam gaudia beatorum , sauces of misery then dishes of happiness . For albeit a good conscience be a continual feast , and the testimony of the Spirit an everlasting Jubilee in the soul , yet the most righteous man that breaths mortal ayr , either by frailty , or negligence , or diffidence , or impatience , or love of this present life , or suttlety of perswasions , or violence of temptations so woundeth his conscience , and grieveth the Spirit of grace ; that this feast is turned for a time into a fast , and the Jubilee into an ejulate or howling . All things therefore laid together , the scorns of the World , assaults from the flesh , temptations from the Devil , rebukes from God , checks from conscience , sensible failing of Grace , spiritual dissertions , with many a bitter agony and conflict with despair ; I cannot but perfectly accord with the Poet in his doleful note Foelices nimium quibus est fortuna peracta jam sua . they are but too hapyy whose glass is well run out , and with the Evangelist in my Text beati mortui , blessed are the dead for they rest from their labours , and their works follow them ; they rest from those labours , which tie us that live , and the works which we are to follow , follow them . A three-fold cable faith the wise man is not easily broken ; and such is this here in my Text , on which the anchour of our hope hangeth . 1 The testimony of Saint John , Yea. 2 The testimony of the Spirit , so saith the Spirit . 3 A strong reason drawn from their rest and recompence , they rest from their labours , and they receive the reward of their labours , they are discharged of their work and for their work . If they were discharged for their work , and not discharged of their work , they could not be said blessed , because their tedious and painful works were to return . And much less happy could they be termed , if they were discharged of their work ; but not for it , for then they should lose all their labour under the Sun , they should have done and suffered all in vain : but now because they are both discharged of their work , for they rest from their labour , and discharged for their work , for their works follow them , they are most blessed . The Spirit here taketh the ground of this heavenly musick ravishing the souls of the living , and able to revive the very dead either from the labourers pay , or the racers prize . If the ground be the labourers joy for their rest and pay , the descant must be this ; our life is a day , our calling a labour , the evening when we give over , our death , the pay our penny . If the ground be the racers joy for their prize , the descant may be this , the Church is the field , Christianity is the race , death is the last post , and a garland of glory the wager , let us all so run that we may obtain . Yea , faith the Spirit . We read in the Law and the Prophets , Thus faith Jehovah , the Lord : in the Gospel , Thus spake Jesus : But in the Epistles , and especially in the Revelation thus faith the Spirit , now the Spirit speaketh evidently , hear what the Spirit faith unto the Churches , he that hath an ear , let him hear what the Spirit faith unto the Churches ; and the Spirit and the Bride faith come . While Christ abode in the flesh , he taught with his own mouth the Word of life ; but now since his Ascention , and sitting in state at the right hand of his Father , he speaketh and doth all by his Spirit . By the Spirit he ordaineth Pastours , furnisheth them with gifts , enlightneth the understanding of the hearers , and enclineth their wills and affections , and so leadeth the Church into all truth . In which regard Tertullian elegantly tearmeth the Spirit , Christi Vicarium , Christ his Vicar , preaching in his stead , and discharging the Cure of the whole World. Secondly , so faith the Spirit , not the flesh , the earth denies it , but Heaven avereth it : when a man removeth out of this World , the flesh beholdeth nothing but a corps brought to the Church , and a Coffin laid in the Grave ; but the spirit discerneth an Angel carrying the soul up to Heaven , and leaving it in Abrahams bosome , till the Father of spirits shall give her again to the body , arrayed in glorious apparel . There is no Doctrine the Devil , the flesh , and the World more oppose then this here delivered by the Spirit , concerning the blessedness of the dead ; for all Atheists , all Heathen , all carnal men , all Saduces , and sundry sorts of Hereticks deny the Resurrection of the body ; and the greater part of them also , the immortality of the soul : A wicked and ungodly person believeth not his soul to be immortal , because he would not have it so , he would not that their should be another World , because he can have hope of no good there , having carried himself so ill in this , fain he would stisle the light in his conscience ; which if he would open his eyes would clearly discover unto him a future tribunal ; yet sometimes he cannot smother it , and therefore as Tully , who saw a glimering of this truth , observeth , he is wonderfully tormented out of a fear , that endless pains attend him after this life . Well let the flesh , and fleshly minded men , deem or speak what they list concerning the state of the dead ; the Spirit of truth faith , that all that die in the Lord are blessed . But where faith the Spirtt so ? In the Scriptures of the old , and new Testament , and in this vision , and in the heart and conscience of every true believer . First in the Scriptures , let me die the death of the righteous , and let my last end be like unto his , refrain thy voyce from weeping , and thine eyes from tears , for thy works shall be rewarded , and there is hope in thine end , faith the Lord ; precious in the sight of the Lord , is the death of his Saints : the Righteous shall wash his foot in the blood of the wicked , so that a man shall say , verily there is a reward for the righteous , Christ is in life and death advantage ; for I am in a straight between two , having a desire to depart and to be with Christ , which is far better . Secondly , in this vision ; for Saint John heard a voyce from Heaven saying , Write it as it were with a Pen of Iron , upon the Tomb of all that are departed in the Lord , for so faith the Spirit . Lastly , the Spirit speaketh it in the heart and soul of every true believer lying on his death bed , or on the Gridiron , or in the dungeon , or on the gibber , or on the saggot ; did not the Spirit seal this truth above all other at such times to his servants , were not then their hope full of immortaility , they could never have welcomed death , embraced the flames , sung in their torments , and triumphed over death , even when they were in the jaws of it . When Job was in the depth of all his misery , the Spirit spake in his heart , I know that my redeemer liveth , and that he shall stand in the latter day upon the earth , & though after my skin worms destroy this body , yet in my flesh shal I see God , whom I shall see for my self , and mine eyes shall behold , and not another , though my rains be consumed within me . offered , and the time of his departure was at hand , the Spirit spake in him ; I have fought a good fight , I have finished my course , I have kept the faith ; henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness , which the Lord the righteous judge shall give me at that day , and not to me only , but to them also that love his appearing . Likewise when Gerardus was giving up the ghost , the Spirit spake in him , O death where is thy sting ? Mors nonest stimulus fed jubilus : And though Robert Glover the Martyr all the night before his Martyrdome , prayed for strength and courage , but could feel none , yet when he came to the sight of the stake , he was mightily replenished with Gods holy comfort , and heavenly joyes , and clapping his hands to Austin , the Spirit the Comforter himself spake in him , He is come , he is come . You have heard where the spirit faith so , give ear now to a voyce from heaven , de claring why the Spirit saith so , for they rest from their labours , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , signifieth as well pain , as pains , broyls as toyls , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greek : so pain and pains in english , are of kin , for labour is pain to the body , and pain is labour to the spirit ; and therefore what we say to be punished and tormented with a diseafe , the latine say , laborare mor●…o , and the throngs and throes which women endure in Child-bearing , we call their labouring . Here then the dead have a double immortality granted them . 1 From the labours of their calling . 2 From the troubles of their condition , freedome from pain , and pains taking . What then ( may some object ) do the dead sleep out all their time from the breathing out their last gasp , to the blowing the last trump ? as they suffer nothing , so do they nothing ? but are like Consul Bibulus , who held onely a room , and filled up a blank in the Roman fasti , Nam bibulo factum consule nil memini . or like mare mortuam , without any motion or operation at all ? that cannot be , the soul is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a most perfect act ; or as Tullie renders the word , a continual motion , as the word is taken in that old proverbial verse ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . and it can no more be and not work , then the wind can be and not blow , the fire and not burn , a diamond and not sparkle , the sun and not shine ; therefore it is not said here simply , that they rest from all kind of motion or working ; but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , but from toilsome labours , sore travels ; and again from their own labours or works , not the Lords . They keep an everlasting Sabbath in not doing of their own works but Gods , they rest from sinful and painful travels , but not from the works of a sanctified rest , for they rest not day and night saying , holy , holy , holy , Lord God Almighty , which was , which is , and is to come . The rest of the soul is not a ceasing from all motion or opperation , that cannot stand with the nature of a spirit , but a setling it self with delight upon an all-satisfying and never satiating object , such was the rest , the sweet singer of Israel called his soul unto , return unto thy rest , O my soul , for the Lord hath dealt bountifully with thee . Bodies rest in thier proper places , but spirits in their proper object , in the contemplation , fruition , admiration , and adoration whereof , consisteth their everlasting content . This object is God , whom they contemplate in their mind , enjoy in their will , adore in both , and this is their continual work , and their work is their life , and their life is their happiness , which the Divines fitly express in one word glorification , which must be taken both actually , and passively , for they glorifie God , and God glorifyeth them ; God glorifieth them bycasting the full light of his countenance upon them : and they glorifie him , by reflecting some light back again , and casting their crowns before him , saying , Thou art worthy , O Lord , to receive glory and honour , & power , for thou hast created all things , and for thy pleasure they are , and were created . They rest from their labours . This Text of holy Scripture containeth in it , the waters of Siloah not so much to refresh those that are tyred with their former labours , having born the heat of the whole day , as to lave out the false fire of Purgatory , for blessedness cannot stand with misery , nor rest with trouble , nor reward with punishment , but all that die in the Lord are blessed , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , a tempore mortis , from the time of their death ( as venerable Beda , and other expound the words ) and so blessed are they , that they rest from all pain and pains ; and so rest that their works follow them ; that is as I shall declare hereafter , the reward of their works . If this lave not out the Romish fire , which scareth the living more then the dead , and purgeth their purses , and not their soul , we may draw store of water to quench it out of divers other Texts of holy Scripture , as namely , First , If the tree fall towards the South , or towards the north , in the place where the tree falleth , there it shall be . Which Text * Olympiodorus thus illustrateth , in whatsoever place therefore , whether of light or of darkness ; whether in the work of wickedness , or of vertue , a man is taken at his death , in that degree and rank doth he remain either in light with the just , and Christ the King of all , or in darkness with the wicked , and Prince of the world . To little purpose therefore is all that is , or can be done for the dead , after they have taken their farewel of us , after we are gone from hence , there remains no place for repentauce or penance , no effect or benefit of satisfaction , here life is either lost or obtained , but if thou O Demetrian saith Saint Cyprian , even at the very end , and setting of thy temporal life dost pray for thy sins , and call upon the only true God with confession and saith , pardon is given unto the confessing thy sins , and saving grace is granted to thee by the divine piety ( or mercy ) and at the very moment of death , thou hast a passage to immortality . Secondly , Eccles . 12.5 . Man goeth to his long home , and the Mourners go about the streets ; Which words Gregorius of Neocesarea , thus paraphraseth , The good man shall go to his everlasting house rejoycing , but the wicked shall sill all with lamentations . And S. Cyprian alluding to this passage resolveth , that after this temporal life is ended , we are diversly bestowed at the Innes of death , or immortality ; at neither of which hangeth any sign of Purgatory , as any man may see . Thirdly , Luke 16.22 . The beggar died , and was carried by Angels into Abrahams bosome ; This beggars case Machareus a learned Monk of Egypt maketh a president for all the servants of God , who when they remove out of the body the quires of Angels receive their souls into their own side , into the pure world , and so brings them unto the Lord. And Saint Jerome raiseth a strong fort of comfort upon the ground of this parrable ; Let the dead be lamented , but such a one whom he doth receive for whose pain everlasting fire doth burn , but let us whose departure a troup of Angels doth accompany , whom Christ cometh forth to meet , account it a grievance , if we do longer dwell in this tabernacle of death . And as Machareus and Saint Jerome , so Saint Hillary also draweth a general rule from their example , that as soon as this life is ended , every one without delay is sent over , either to Abrahams bosome , or to the place of torment , and in that state are reserved till the day of Judgment . Fourthly , Luke 23.43 . This day thon shalt be with me in Paradise ; and Philip. 1.23 . I desire to be dessolved , and to be with Christ ; and 2 Cor. 5.18 . If our earthly tabernacle be dissolved , we shall have an eternal in the Heavens , and when we are ab . sent from the body , we are present with the Lord ; From whence Justine Martyr inferreth , After the departure of the soul our of the body , there is presently made a distinction betwixt the just and unjust , for the souls of the righteous are carried by Angets into Paradise , where they have commerce , and sight of Angels and Archangels , but the souls of the unjust to hell ; and Tertullian colletcteth that it is an injury to Christ , to hold that such as be called from hence by him , are in a state that should be pittied , whereas they have obtained the chief aim of their desires , If we repine at this , that others have obtained this their desire , by this our grudging at it we seem to be unwilling to obtain the like , and his schollar S. Cypriam censureth them yet more severely , who either fear death or leave this world in dis-content : it is for him to fear death who is not willing to go to Christ ; it is for him to be unwilling to go to Christ , who doth not beleeve that he beginneth to reigne with Christ ; if thou dost truly beleeve in God , and art secure of his promise , why doft thou not embrace the message that thou art called to Christ ? why dest thou not rejoyce that thou shalt be rid of the devil ? Fifthly , 1 John 1.7 . the blood of Christ purgeth us from all sin , no sin is therefore left for Purgatory fire to burn out . Were there sins to be purged yet after the night of this present life , there is no place left ( saith Gregory Nazianzen ) for purging , it is better to be corrected and purged now ( saith he ) then to be sent to torments there where the time of punishing is , and not of purging . But to leave other springs , this in my Text affordeth store of water to extinguish Purgatory sire ; and therefore our adversaries seek to dam it up two manner of wayes : First by restraining this Text to Martyrs onely , who die in the Lords quarrel , though their souls flie to heaven , their wings being not singed with this fire : yet others ( say they ) are not saved , but after some time of abode in it . Secondly , by cooling the heat of this fire , and making it not only tollerable , but also comfortable , bearing us in hand that they that are in Purgatot may be said to be blessed , because they rest from the labours of this life , and they are secure of their eternal estate , they are sure to feel no other hell . From the first starting-hole I have beaten them already , by demonstrating , that all that beleeve in Christ are ingrafted by faith into his mystical body , and consequently , that as they live in him , so they die in him ; in which regard the Apostle speaking of all that depart in the faith of Christ saith , they sleep in the Lord , and die in Christ . Their second starting-hole is less safe then the former , for to say that this blessedness and Purgatory pains may subsist in the same soul , is an affertion neither politique nor reasonable . First it is not politique ; for if they cool Purgatory fire in such sort , they will stop the Popes Mint from going ; perswade the vulgar that the souls in Purgatory are in a tollerable , nay ( in some sort ) in a blessed estate , because they rest from their labours and their works follow them ; and the Priests may set their heart at rest for gaining any remarkable sums for Dirges , and the Popes tole-gatherers also for sucking any great advantage out of pardons to ransome souls out of Purgatory . And as this answer standeth not with their profit : so neither agreeth it well with their own tenents ; for they teach that Purgatory fire is as hot as Hell for the time , surpassing the smartest torment that can be devised , or ever was endured on earth and call they those happy who lie soultring in this fire ? yea , but when they are there they receive singular comfort in this , that they are sure they shal never go to hell . Surely small comfort to one who is in hellish torments and shall continue there he knows not how long , to tell him that he is sure he shall go to no other Hell : and how prove they that Purgatory is a supersedeas to Hell ? What security have they for it ? Gods Word ? but in all Gods Word there is no syllable of purgatory , neither let they the people to know Gods Word ; for in Spain , and generally where the inquisition is in force , the proverb is , that he smels of a Faggot , who is found with a Bible about him in the mother tongue . These things being so I wonder that any ordinary Papist be willing to die , seeing the best he can hope for is to be cast presently into the flames of Purgatory , and there to fry he knows not how long , perhaps a hundred , perhaps a thousand years . But ( God be blessed for it ) we have otherwise learned of Christ and his blessed Apostles . We know that if our earthly tabernacle be dissolved , we shall presently have not a temporary habitation in Purgatory , but an eternal in Heaven : we know , that those who beleeve in Christ come into no condemnation , but pass from death to life . Wherefore let us not take on too much for those whom God hath taken away from us ; let us not trouble our selves for them that are at rest ; let us not shed over-many tears for them who can now shed no more tears ; let us not too much grieve for them who are free from all pain and grief . And for our selves , let us not be as some are , strucken dead with the very name of death ; let us not draw back when God calleth for us , when we draw on and our Sun is setting , when the pangs of death give us warning again and again to go out from hence out of our houses of clay ; let us embrace the day which bringeth us to our everlasting home , which having taken us away from hence , and losed us from the snares of this world , returneth us to Paradise and the Kingdome of Heaven . It followeth ; And their Works follow them . In the handling of this branch before we taste of the sweet juyce we must pill the root , wherein we shall find a four-fold difficulty . 1. How works are here distinguished from labours , 2. How works may be said to follow them , 3. Whither they follow them , 4. When they overtake them . The first difficulty is thus expedited : the works of the dead are here distinguished from their labours , as the fruit from the branches that bear them , the hire from the day labour , the prize from the race . As those who taste the fruit of a tree , are said by an Hebraisme to eat of the tree , to him that overcometh , ( saith the Spirit ) I will give to eat of the Tree of Life which is in the midst of the Paradise of God. So here in this Text works are taken for the fruit of works , or their recompence of reward . But how are works in this sence said to follow the dead ? For all the works of the dead are either transient , as meditations , prayers , pious ejaculations , present relieving the poor , and the like ; or , they are permanent as their writings , their building Colledges , Hospitals , Churches and other Monuments of Piety : the former cannot follow the dead because they remain not now , nor the latter , because they stay behind them here on earth . I answer , the speech is figurative , and signifieth no motion of the deads works , but rather promotion of their persons , and plentiful remuneration for their works ; the phrase imports no more then that all their works , whether they be actions of Saints , or passions of Martyrs , shall not come short of their guerdon , but shall be most certainly and undoubtedly rewarded . If we follow this interpretation of the verb , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ( may some say ) will not Popish merit follow thereupon ? is not Heaven compared to servants wages ? to the souldiers crown ? to the racers garland ? and here to the labourers pay ? and doth not a true labourer merit his pay ? a faithful servant his wages ? a valiant souldier his crown ? a speedy racer his prize ? this doubt may be cleared , and the question resolved by these Assertions following . 1 That our good works shall undoubledly be rewarded ; for it is the very dictate of nature , that he that soweth should reap ; and it is one of the first principles of Divinity , that there is a God , and that he is the rewarder of them that diligently seek him : yea , so exact a rewarder is he , that not a widdows Mite , not a cup of could water , but shall have an allowance for it . Did Abraham , did Isaac , did Jacob , did Joseph , did Job , did Solomon , did Constantine , did Theodosius and other prime servants of God serve him for nought ? did he not open the treasure of his bounty in such sort to them all , that they could not but in thankfulness subscribe to that protestation of the Prophetical King , verily there is a reward for the righteous , even in this life , and much more in the life to come , for Ecce venio , behold I come quickly , and my reward is with me , to give to every man according as his works shall be , to them who by patient continuance in well doing seek for glory , and honour , and immortality , eternal life ; whence Saint Bernard draweth this corollary , though charity is not mercenary , yet she never goes from God emptyhanded . 2 That this reward is some way due unto our works , for the labourer saith Christ is worthy his hire ; and the Apostle is bold to say , it is just with God to recompence them that trouble you , tribulation , but to your rest ; and he seemeth to claim a crown to himself as his due , I have fought a good fight , henceforth is laid up for me a crown of righteousness , which the Lord the righteous judge shall give unto me ; it is said to be given indeed , but given by a righteous judge , and as a crown of righteousness , and therefore some way due . 3 Our good works concur actively to the attainment of this reward : the words of our Saviour , seek ye first the kingdome of God , and the righteousness thereof : labour for the meate that perisheth not , and strive to enter in at the narrow gate , and of the Apostle , work out your salvation with fear and trembling , and this momentry affliction worketh unto us a superexcellent weight of glory , import no desire . 4 Notwithstanding all this , our good works no way merit at Gods hand their reward , neither absolutely , neither by the contract of the Law , nor by the covenant of grace : Not absolutely . 1 Because no creature can simply merit any thing of the Creatour , as Saint Austin proves by many invincible arguments . 2 Because our works are no way advantagious or beneficial to God ; we indeed gain by them , but he gains nothing . 3 Because there is no proportion between our work which is finite , and the reward which is infinite . Neither can we be said to merit by the contract of the Law , as our Romish adversaries would bear us in hand . 1 Because what God requireth by the written Law , we are bound to performe even by the Law of nature ; and when we do but that which we ought to do , our Saviour teacheth us not to tearm our selves arrogantly meritours at Gods hands , or such as he is engaged to recompence , but unprofitable servants . 2 Because we do not our work sufficiently , and therefore cannot challenge as due by contract our reward , our best works are scanty and defective . 3 Because we loyter many dayes , and though at sometimes we do a dayes work such as it is , yet many times we do not half a dayes work , nay for one thing wherein we do well , we fail in a thousand . Lastly , neither can we be truly said to merit , no not by the covenant of Grace . 1 Because the Grace which worketh in us all in all , is no wayes due to us , but most freely given us of God ; our works as they are good , they are not ours , as they are ours they are not good . 2 Because whatsoever we do in fulfilling the Covenant of Grace , we are bound to do for the inestimable benefits which we receive by our Redeemer . 3 Because we imploy not our Talent to our Masters best advantage ; no man walketh so exactly , as he might do by the power of grace ; which would not be wanting to us , if we were not wanting to our selves . But because we may seem partial in our own cause , and take these reasons for demonstrations , our Adversaries will not acknowledge to be so much as probable arguments : let the ancient Fathers give in the verdict ; Saint Austin , When the Apostle might truly have said , the wages of righteousness is eternal life , he chose rather to say , but the gift of God is eternal life , that we might understand , that he brings us to eternal life , not for our merits , but for his mercy sake . And Saint Basil , There remains an everlasting rest to those who fight lawfully , not for the merits of their works , or verbatim , according to the Greek original , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( supple ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , not according to the due debt of their works , but of the grace , or by the favour of our most munificent god . And Fulgentius , To possesse the kingdome prepared for us , is a work of grace , for of meer grace there is given , not ouly a good life to those that are justified , but eternal life to those that are glorified . And Saint Ambrose , our momentary afflictions are not worthy the glory that shall be revealed , therfore the form or tenour of the heavenly decrees upon men , proceed not according to merits , but the mercy of God. And Mark the holy Hermite , The kingdome of heaven is not a reward of works , but a gift of God prepared for his fruitful servants . And let Pope Gregory conclude all , As Eleazar who killed the Elephant , yet was killed by the Elephant in his fall upon him , so those who subdue vices , if they grow proud of their victory ( as all do who conceive they merit heaven by it ) are subdued by , and lye under those vices , which they before subdued , for he dies under the enemy whom he hath discomfited , who is extolled in pride for the vice which he conquered . The third difficulcy was , whither the works follow the dead ? which may thus be expedited : their good works follow them not to the grave ; for there the soul is not , nor to Purgatory , for I have already proved there is no such place ; nor to Hell , for none are blessed that come there . The works of the damned indeed follow them thither ; there they meer with them , and with the Devil who seduced them , to torment them for them ; there the swearers and blasphemers gnaw their tongues ; there the lascivious wantons are cast into a bed of fire ; there they who swum here in pleasures , are thrown into a river of brimstone . But the works of the godly follow them to the place where they receive their recompence for them . The fourth difficulty was , when the works follow the dead ? which may be thus expedited ; some of their works follow them immediatly after their death , others at the day of Judgment . Those works which they have done by , and in the soul only without the help or use of the body , follow them immediately after death , when the soul receives her reward for them ; but those which were performed partly by the soul , and partly by the body follow them at the day of Judgment . When the King shall say , Come ye blessed of my Father , possess the king dome prepared for you ; for I was hungry , and ye gave me meat ; I was thirsty , and ye gave me drink ; I was naked , and ye cloathed me ; I was sick and in prison , and ye visited me . We have peeled off the rhine , let us now taste of the sweet juyce : if our works shall most certainly , and plentifully be rewarded : Let us be Zealous of good works , let us be filled with the fruits of righteousness ; let us in no case be weary of well-doing ; let us not cast away our confidence which hath great recompence of reward : if a cup of cold water shall be reckoned for ; what think ye of a glass of hot water to revive many a fainting soul ? If two mites cast into the treasury shall be taken notice of , what think ye of ten talents ? If Christ hath a bottle for every tear shed for him , how much more for every drop of bloud ? There are infinite motives in holy Scriptures to incite us to good works , I will touch at this time only upon three . 1. Our great Obligation to them . 2. Our exceeding comfort in them . 3. Our singular benefit by them . First our Obligation to them is twofold . 1. As men . 2. As Christians . As men , we are bound to serve him with our hands who gave us them . As Christians , we are to employ them in his service , who loosened them after they were manacled , and restored unto us the free use of them . 2. Our comfort in them is exceeding great , they assure us of our spiritual life ; for as the natural life is discerned by three things especially . 1. The beating of the pulse . 2. The letting out of breath . 3. The stiring of the joynts or limbs : so also is the spiritual ; if the pulse of devotion beat strong at the heart , if we breath to God in our fervent prayers ; and lastly , if we stir our joynts in walking in all holy duties , and performing such good works as are required at our hands , we may be sure , that we have spiritual life in us , we may build upon it that Christ dwelleth in our hearts by faith ; and that we live in him by grace . 3. Our benefit by them is manifold in this life , and the life to come . In this life peace of conscience , their soul shall dwell at ease ; 2. Good success in all we undertake , what soever we do it shall prosper . 3. The service of the creatures , for all things work for the best to them that love God. Lastly , a comfortable pass out of this world , we are sure our end shall be peace . In the life to come , the benefits are such as never eye hath seen , nor ear hath heard , nor ever entred into the heart of man , God grant therefore our heart may enter into them : quia Aristoteles non capit Eurispum , Eurispus capiat Arist otalum , because we cannot comprehend the joyes of heaven , let them comprehend us . You expect something to be spoken of our dear Sister deceased , and much might be said , and should by me in her praise , but that one of her chiefest commendations was that she could not endure praise ; Laudes quia merebatur contempsit , & quia contempsit mag is merebatur , becanse she deserved praise , she desp ised it , and because she despised it , she the more deserved it . Silent modesty in her was her crown in her life , and modest silence of her , was the charge at her death . Her life was well known to most of this place , and her death was every way answerable to her life : all that visited her in her sickness might behold with sorrow a pittiful anatomy of frail mortality , and yet with joy a perfect pattern of Christian patience , and a heavenly conversation : and though she were full of divine conceptions , and she had a spring by her of the waters of life , in the devotion of her dearest helper , especially in the best things : yet when I came to her , she desired she might be partaker of some of my meditations ( they were her own words ) and when I prayed with her , and for her ; she joyned not so much with me , with her tongue , as her affections , and answered more in sighs and tears , then in words : often she complained of her tuff heart that would not yeeld to her dissolution , and long , long she thought it , till she should come to appear before the God of Gods in Sion . Her last words were , sweet Father help me , and she had her request , for presently he helped her both by the zealous , and most feeling prayers of her Husband , and by the holy spirit assisting her in her own prayers with sighs and groans that cannot be expressed , and immediately her sweet Father released her of her pangs , and received her to himself on his own day : On the Lords day morning , before the morning watch , I say , before the morning watch she entered into her rest , and began to keep her everlasting Sabbath in heaven , where she reapeth what she sowed , and seeth what shebelieved , and enjoyeth what she hoped for , and is now entred into those joyes , which never entred fully into the heart of any living on earth , nor shall into ours , till we with her be made perfect , and all of us come to Mount Sion , and the heavenly Jerusalem , and innumerable company of Angels , and to the Congregation of the first-born , whose names are written in heaven , and to the spirits of just men and women made perfect . Whither the God of peace bring us in our appointed time , who brought again from the dead the great shepheard through the blood of the everlasting Covenant . To whom with the holy Spirit , &c. FAITHS ECCHO : OR , THE SOULES AMEN . SERMON XLVI . REVEL . 22.20 Amen , Even so come Lord Jesus . THese words they afford to us a comfortable and sweet argument to be conversant in . From the sixt verse of this Chapter is set down to us the confirmation of the whole Prophesie and Book of the Revelation ; partly by the affirmation of God , as likewise of Jesus Christ , and of John himself , that heard and saw all these things ; and likewise of the Church of God in verse 17. It is likewise confirmed by the promise of Blessing and Happiness , pronounced upon them that shall do all these things , and shall faithfully expect the accomplishment of them . This Verse ( a part of which I have read to you ) is the Repetition in few words of all that matter that goeth before , from verse 6. to it ; and hath in it : First , an attestation of our Lord and Saviour Christ , in the former part of the Verse ; Behold I come quickly . Secondly , an acclamation of the Church , in the latter part , these words I have read to ye ; Amen , even so come Lord Jesus . In the attestation of Christ , he promiseth he will come to his Church , he will come shortly , both for the accomplishment of all his promises , and likewise for their safety and deliverance from all enemies , and all miseries , and molestations whatsoever . To this the Church makes an acclamation , and saith , Amen , even so come Lord Jesus . In this acclamation of the Church ( to which we must now come ) we are to consider . First , the person of the Speaker , whose words they be . Secondly , what is the matter or substance contained in them . Ye shall see whose words they be , if ye look back but to the 17. verse of this Chapter , there ye shall find , that first it is said , the Spirit saith , Come . By the Spirit is not meant the third Person in Trinity the holy Ghost , because he is not subject to these passions , to these desires , but he resteth himself in the execution and present disposing and dispensing of things , according to his own will and pleasure . Neither by Spirit here is meant any wicked spirit or Angel , for they do with fear and horrour expect the same coming of our Lord and Saviour Christ ; because his coming shall be the accomplishment of their misery and eternal infelicity . But by Spirit here is meant , the spirit in all the Elect and holy people of God ; in whomsoever the Spirit of God is , that Spirit doth say , come , and doth wish the accomplishment of all these most gracious promises , For this is not the desire of the flesh , or of nature ; but an earnest and vehement desire of the Spirit of God in the Elect , that saith , come . Again secondly , the same verse telleth us , that the Bride saith , come . That is , the Church of God in general , the Catholick Church , the whole Church of God , being now hand-fasted to Christ , and entred into a spiritual contract with him ; She desireth the consumation of the Marriage , the solemniation of the Marriage which is already begun in the contract of it ; and not only every particular member of the Church in whom the Spirit of God is , saith come ; but the Church of God in general , the Bride saith come , the whole Church saith come ; wishing and desiring the accomplishment of the Marriage which is already begun . In the third place , the same verse telleth us , that as the Spirit and the Bride say , come , so he that heareth saith , come ; that is , not only the Church of God that is now present here upon the face of the earth , but the successive parts of the Church in all future Ages ; they are all of the same mind , having received the same Spirit , they all say come . Whosoever heareth this Prophesie , whosoever heareth of these promises in any Age or Country of the World , all they having the same spirit , they must needs say come , he that heareth , saith come , he that is acquainted with the promises , that cometh to the knowledge of them , and doth mingle them with the faith of his soul , this man must needs say , come , to the accomplishment of them . And lastly , He that is a thirst saith , come too ; that is , whosoever hath tasted of the sweetness of Christ in any measure whatsoever , and thereby hath wrought in him a vehement thirst after more , this man will say , come . Whosoever hath such a sense of Christ in his promises , as to taste of the sweetness of these never so little ; as he that hath tasted a drop of hony wisheth for more , so he that hath tasted of the sweetness of Christ , a drop of his grace and mercy , this setteth upon his spirit a heavenly thirst , he saith come , he would have more , he is never quiet till he have the promise accomplished to him . These are the persons , every particular member of the Church that hath the Spirit ; the whole Church in general , not only the particular part of the Church now in the World or in any Age , but the several parts of the Church in several Ages ; whosoever is a thirst , that hath tasted of Christ , must needs say , come . Even so come Lord Jesus . These are the persons . The second thing , is the matter of this acclamation of the Church . First the matter contained in it , it is a vehement and earnest desire of the people of God after Christs most happy return , in these words , Amen , even so come Lord Jesus . The matter of it therefore is either infolded and implicite in the word Amen , even so , or unfolded and explicite in the latter words , Come Lord Jesus . It is infolded I say in the word Amen . This word signifieth in the Scripture , either the Author of the truth himself , or else it is an affirmation of the truth . In the Revelation , thus saith the Amen , the faithful and true witness ; here Christ himself is called Amen , because he is the Author of all truth and verity , the faithful and true witness . Sometime this word is used , and most frequently in Scripture , for the affirmation of the truth , either witnessing of the truth , or wishing the truth . For the witnessing of the truth , as in all those vehement speeches of our Lord and Saviour Christ , Amen , Amen , I say unto ye ; or verily , verily , I say unto ye : this is a vehement asseveration and a witnessing to the truth , which a man ought to believe , or would have to be believed . Or otherwise for a wishing and earnest desiring of the truth to be accomplished . So in the conclusion of the Lords prayer , and all our prayers , we add this word , Amen , that is , so be it , or Let it be so : we wish it with earnestness of affection and desire ; and with a confidence and faith of our hearts , we hope and believe that this shall be so . This is that we profess when we say Amen . In this place , this word is used both for affirmation , and witnessing of the truth ; and likewise it is a vehement wish and desire of the accomplishment of these promises , with an earnest and certain hope and expectation of faith , that all these promises and good things shall be accomplished to the soul of a Christian . Again , the matter of this Acclamation is unfolded , and explained in the latter words , Come Lord Jesus . Where there is both the Action , and the person to be considered . The Action , Come . Christ cometh to his Church many wayes . He cometh in his Word ; He cometh in his Spirit ; He cometh in his mercies . He cometh in his Judgments and Justice . None of these are here meant . But he cometh to his Church in person and appearance , even in the appearance of his body and humane nature . Thus Christ cometh two wayes to his Church in person . First in his Incarnation , he appeareth to the world in the similitude of sinful flesh , he came in humility , he came to suffer , to die . That is not here meant , for that was past , when as the Evangelist Saint John wrote this prophesie . But the Second coming in person of our Lord and Saviour Christ , is his coming in the flesh in glory , in exaltation to judge the quick and the dead , to shew himself a mighty God from heaven . This is the coming which is here meant , Christs second coming to Judgment in glory . That is the Action . The person , is described by these two Titles ; Lord : Jesus . Wherein the Church desireth that he may come both as a Lord , and as a Jesus . That he may come as a Lord to vindicate the Church , and revenge him upon his enemies , to destroy the kingdome of darkness , the kingdome of the Devil , the kingdome of Antichrist , which hath been a great argument in this book of the Revelation . And not only come thus as a Lord , but as a Jesus to save his Church , to vouchsafe to her , comfort and peace , and joy ; that he would come to cloath her with immortality and glory , which she cannot expect on earth in a mortal state . This is the sum and substance of this Petition and request , that the Lord would come in majesty and glory , both as a Lord , against the enemies of the Church to destroy them utterly : and as a Saviour , to bestow upon the Church , even all saving mercies , especially that great mercy of everlasting blessedness , that is not mixed with sin and corruption , that is not mixed with any infirmity and defect whatsoever . This is the sum and substance of the Text which I have in few words shortly explained to ye . Whence the point I observe ( wherein we will insist by the grace of God at this time ) is this . That it is the nature and property of every true member of the Church of God , earnestly , and longingly to desire the second coming of Christ for the full redemption of his Church . The Spirit saith , Come , and the Bride saith , Come ; and whosoever heareth saith , Come ; whosoever is a thirst saith , Come : therefore every godly man that hath the Spirit of God , that is a part of this Bride , that is partaker of those promises , that hath a caste of Jesus Christ , every one of these must necessarily say , Come ; Even so , Come Lord Jesus . This is so proper to believers , and to every one of them , as they are all of them described by this property in Scripture . 2 Tim. 4.8 . The Crown which the righteous Judge shall give me at that day , and not only to me , but to all them that love his appearing . The Apostle he might have said to all saints , and godly whatsoever ; and to all faithful believers , but he makes choyce of this Epithite , he describeth them by this , that they are such as love his appearance . Heb. 9.28 . Unto them that wait for him shall he appear the second time for salvation . The godly are there described by this very property , they wait , and long , and desire after his appearance the second time . In the 24. of Saint Mathews Gospel ; it is made the property of a good and faithful servant there , that he waiteth for his Masters coming , and prepareth all things in a readiness , it is opposed to the sloathful servant that doth clean otherwise . Ye see the truth of it in Scripture . But ye will say ; Is this the property of the Elect and faithful ? Do not ungodly men and sinners believe the coming of Christ , and that he shall come to judge the quick and the dead ? Doth not every man make this profession of his faith ; I believe that Jesus Christ shall come to Judge the quick and the dead ? Why then do ye make it the property of Believers , since every man believeth and looks for it ? To this I answer . There is a twofold expectation of Christ his return to Judgment . The one ; An expectation with desire , and with an earnest longing , the expectation of the faithful , of a Lord , of a gracious Redeemer , nay , of a loving Husband . Therefore every faithful soul cannot but wait upon him ; As a faithful servant that hath done his work longeth for his Masters coming home , that he may give an account of his faithfulness , and may be acceptable to his Master for his faithful service that he hath done in his absence , that he may expect his Masters remuneration . But there is another expectation of Christ to come , that is not with desire , but with horrour , and dread , and fear , out of guiltiness of Conscience . This is the expectation of a Malefactor in the Jayl , he waiteth and looks for the coming of the Judge to pass sentence on him , and so to be dragged to execution ; thus wicked men expect Christ ; thus wicked Angels expect him . But the expectation of the godly is an expectation with love and desire , an expectation not of a severe Judge , but of a loving husband , of a faithful Master that hath promised a recompence to the service of believers , even the least and lowest ; if it be the gift of a cup of cold water in his name . Therefore ye must take knowledg of the expectation here meant ; this I say is proper to believers . Let us see the truth of the Doctrine , in the Reason of it ; why every faithful soul must needs long and desire the second coming of Christ . First , because it is a part of Christs gracious promise , which the faith of the soul leaneth on . The proper object of faith is the promise of the Gospel , this ye may see in the Text , Christ had promised to come , Amen , even so ; here is the reason of this desire , because his promise goeth before it . The faithful soul apprehendeth every other inferiour promise , and every less promise , much more this main promise , the very knot of all , the very complement of all : faith must needs expect and clasp fast hold upon this promise , and give assent and acclamation to it , as in the word Amen , even so come as thou hast said and promised . Many promises to this purpose , hath our Lord and Saviour Christ pronounced , for the stirring up of our faith and affection ; as namely that in the 14 of Saint Johns Gospel toward the beginning , where he comforteth his Disciples in his absence ; If I go , I will come again . And so in Acts 1.11 . As ye see him ascend with your bodily eyes in his Person and flesh , so ye shall see him descend . But we need not go far for promises , for immediately before the words , & two verses besides in this Chapter , the 7. and 12 , Behold , I come shortly . This is the property of every godly man having the promise of the coming , to lean upon it , and to desire the accomplishment of the promise . In the old Testament they had the promise of the first coming of Christ , that they earnestly desired ; as Jacob Gen. 49.18 Lord I have waited for thy salvation , and Abraham saw Christs day afar off , and rejoyced . And in the New Testament we read of Anna , and Zacharias and Elizabeth , and the faithful that wait for the consolation of Israel : they waited for the accomplishment of this promise , the coming of Christ in the flesh , his first coming . Shall they wait , and earnestly desire the first coming of the Son of God in humility , and humanity and baseness ? and shall not we earnestly expect his second coming in glory , to manifest not only his glory , but our glory ? shall not we expect that coming of his , wherein we shall be married to himself , and whereby we shall be took up to himself ? Thus ye see the promise of Christ is one ground , yea , and a principal ground of this expectation of the faithful . The second Reason is drawn from the Union and conjunction between Christ and the faithful soul . That is in the Text too , the Bride saith , Come . Now there is a neer union and conjunction , in this same conjunction of Marriage among men wherein the love must needs be imperfect , and but a drop of that Ocean , and wherein the love of the parties must needs be sinful , yet notwithstanding we see how vehement it is , in the absence of one another ; the one longeth and pineth after the other , and one party enjoyeth not himself without the other . Much more ought it to be so here in this heavenly contract between Christ and his faithful Spouse : should not hear the Spouse be sick of love ? as the Spouse professeth of her self in the second of Canticles . This vehement desire must needs arise out of the neerness and undevidedness of that conjunction that is between Christ and a Christian . There is little love , where there is little desire of the thing beloved , when it is absent . Why doth the member of the Body , desire immediate conjunction with the head , but because it knows that the seperation from the head , is the death of the member ? So it is in this neer conjunction between Christ the head , and his members the Church , they must needs desire immediate , and inseparable conjunction with the head , because the seperation from the head , must be the death of the members . That is the second Reason . The third Reason of the Point is this , because the Saints of God they know that the accomplishment of the full happiness of the Church of God , and likewise of themselves that are members of the Church , it consisteth in this , in Christ his second coming again to judgment , therefore they do earnestly desire it , and effect it , and say , Amen , even so , Come : because ( I say ) they know this is the coming that perfects the Church of God , perfects their glory in the state of happiness , which the Church and every member thereof doth expect : they know that that is the time which shall be the Revelation of the sons of God , who are here obscure , and shall be till that day come . They know well that all the graces and perfections that the child of God can attain to in this imperfection ; all is but the first fruits , all is but a taste , and therefore they cannot possibly but lift up their heads , and raise up their hearts to the expectation of that day wherein these first fruits shall be perfected , with full measure shaken together , and running over ; whereas there shall be an absolute freedome from all sin , and from all the appurtenances of it : an absolute perfection not of grace only , but of glory , which is the highest grace . They shall be one with the head , this is that which makes them look for it . Heb. 9.28 . ( the place I named before ) it is said , Christ shall appear to save them that wait for him . He shall bring a full horn of salvation , he shall perfect the salvation of the Saints ; till that day there is no perfection in the salvation of the Saints ; No , though they go to heaven , yet before that day there is no perfect salvation , because their bodies are not joyned to their souls . This is a third Reason , even the expectation of the full accomplishment of all the promises . The Lord hath dealt with us as he dealt with his own Israel in their wilderness , he gave them a taste of the fruit of the good land ; he caused the searchers to carry some clusters and bunches of the fruit to the Israelites in the Wilderness , that they tasting of it might hie themselves to that rich and goodly , and fat countrey : so the Lord giveth us some drops of grace , and only giveth us a taste of that happiness that we wait for , that we may hie our selves so much the faster through this wilderness , to enjoy it . This therefore is a strong reason wherefore the people of God must needs say , Come , Even so , Amen ; let it be so , because ( I say ) they know till Christ come the second time , they must not expect the accomplishment of their hope , and the perfection of their happiness . The fourth and last Reason of this Point may be this , because we are taught by our Lord and Saviour Christ to pray , Thy kingdome come . That is , not only that the kingdome of grace may come into our hearts while we are here , but that the kingdome of glory may hasten upon us : and we are sure that this Petition shall never be granted to us , till Christ his return again to judgment , till he come to accomplish this main promise of all : for then only Christ cometh as our Lord and Jesus . Then he cometh as a Lord , and makes an end of all the warrs of the Church , then he shall throw down all enemies before him , treading Sathan , and all his instruments under his feet , then he shall manifest to the world that he hath the Keyes of hell , and of death , then he shall destroy the kingdome of Antichrist , that must be abolished by the brightness of his coming . And then , and not till then , he shall come as a Saviour to perform perfect salvation for his Church , to deliver his Church , not only from condemnation , but from the molestation of sin , not only from tyranny and oppression of enemies , but even from all the presence of enemies , that at that day a separation being made , it may be said to the Saints of god , as Moses said to the Israelities when they were afraid of the Egyptians , stand still , fear nothing the enemies that your eyes have seen to day , ye shall never see them more , they shall be so far from oppressing the Church , that they shall never molest the Church not so much as by their presence , then he shall dispose the kingdome to his members , as the Father hath disposed the kingdome to him . These are strong and effectual reasons to prove this point to us , that the members of the Church , true beleevers cannot possibly but wait and expect , and vehemently desire the coming of Christ the second time , for the salvation of his Body , the final salvation of his people . Here one objection may be made by the way , and so we will descend to the Use and Application of it . Here it may be said ; But why do the people of God thus expect and wait for the coming of Christ , in all the Ages of the New Testament for the space of 1600 years , and yet he cometh not ? What reason have they to be commanded to expect and wish , and wait for the coming of Christ , when he cometh not in so long a time ? Have not all been frustrate of their expectation ? And may not we as well as they that lived in the Ages before us , for we see no appearance of his coming , no more then was many hundred years since ? To this we answer ; That the patient abiding , and waiting of the just never miscarrieth : the Saints of God never lost nor shall lose for their expecting , and waiting for Christs second coming to Judgment . The Saints of God in former ages 1600. years ago waited for Christs coming ; but were they losers by it though he came not ? This expectation of his coming , it kept them in the exercise of their faith , of their hope , of their patience , of their watchfulness , it kept all their graces a working , therefore they were no losers by it , though they had not the accomplishment of the main promise : in expecting the promise , they were savers and no losers , because all their graces were kept in exercise . Besides this , in the second place , the very expectation of Christ in the Ages of the New-Testament , though he came not , it is fruitful and useful to draw up the hearts and minds of the godly to heavenly thoughts , and to a heavenly conversation : and so in the very first Ages of the New-Testament , the Apostle tells us that this is the use of their expectation : Phil. 3.19 . Our conversation is in heaven , from whence we look for a Saviour : they looked for a Saviour then , when he was but newly ascended : was it fruitless because he came not of 1600. years after ? No , but Our conversation is therefore in heaven , because we wait for his coming . In all ages since , this expectation hath been a means to raise the heavy mold of earth , the heart of man to heaven and heavenly-mindedness : therefore this expectation doth not fail , because it is of use to help them to the full fruition of it in the time of it . Besides , the Saints of God never murmure , because Christ cometh not , they never murmure as those that shall lose their hopes and expectation , because they are taught to frame their minds and wills , to the will of God , and of Jesus Christ their head : Now , the will of God is that we should still wait , though Christ come not , because hereby the Lord doth glorifie himself in the gathering in together , the number of the faithful . The number of the Saints must be gathered in , and none must be neglected : Now , is there any Saint of God , and beleever in the world that desireth not that every Saint should be gathered in , and the whole body of Christ perfected in the whole members of it , before Christ come to judgment ? None must be neglected , & every beleever must frame his will to the will of God ; God hath revealed that the number must be gathered in , and when it is so , Christ will come and gather all together under his wing . Now the Saints of God think not much that the number should be gathered in , they are well contented with it . So likewise God hath revealed his will , that though he be exceeding patient to wicked men , yet he is not forgetful of his promise ; God will be contented though he be provoked every day infinitely by the highest sins of the world , patiently to endure all this , and to offer conditions of peace and mercy , even to the worst , to shew himself rich in mercy , and so full of goodness , that he makes offer even of goodness to the worst . Now the Saints of God here frame their will to Gods , and are content still to wait , because God still putteth forth his patience , and still offereth Conditions of mercy and peace to those that are wicked , and out of the way , whereby some are converted , and others convinced , and prepared for the work of Gods justice . So this question need not trouble men , or hold them off from a chearful , and fruitfull expectation of Christ , though he come not in our age , as he hath not in others before . The use of the Point is this , First , if this be the property of the godly to wait and earnestly to expect the coming of Christ , then we may observe the general ungodliness of the World , by the general want of this expectation . And if ye say ; but who is there that doth not expect the second coming of Christ ? and who doth not beleeve that he shall come to judge the quick and the dead ? I answer , notwithstanding that every man confesse this Article of faith with his mouth , yet every man beleeveth it not with his heart ; for every man frameth not himself according to the faith of it . Very few are those faithful servants that wait and prepare for their Masters coming ; Christ when he cometh he shall scarce find faith on the earth . What a number of Men and Women are there , though they hear these things , and they are beaten upon them upon many occasions , and they are in their judgments convinced that it must be so ; yet notwithstanding the faith of their hearts apprehend it not , they do not beleeve it , they do not listen and frame to it . We ( like Caleb ) tell them of the good Land , and the fat of the Land , and the fruit of the Land , and the fulness of the Land of Canaan , but generally men ( like the unthankful Israelites ) murmure , and repine , and rebel , and scarce hear us ; or if they do , they do not beleeve it : For if men did beleeve it , it could not be that men should live like Saduces as they do , that neither beleeve the soul , nor immortality , neither that there are spirits , nor Devils , nor resurrection , nor nothing : the lives and conversations of men plainly bewray that they beleeve not this Doctrine , though they can profess with the mouth , that Jesus Christ shall come again to judge the quick and the dead , but like the Cardinal of whom we read ; that profest he would not give his part in Paris , for his part in Paradise ; so men live as if they would not give their part here on earth , for a Childs part in Heaven . Like that wicked Pope that we read of when he was about to die , now ( saith he ) I shall know that which I never beleeved , whether there be a Heaven or Hell , an immoatality of the soul or no. So men live as if they never meant to know those things or beleeve them , till they come to the tryal and experience of them . And besides , what a number of men and women are there that can profess these things with their mouth , but they cast themselves into a fast sleep in sin and security , and sleep on both sides , Gods Messengers and Ministers cannot awake them , but as though their souls were to sleep everlastingly ; so they sleep on in their lusts and sins , and will not be awakened . And ( my brethren ) who doth not observe that it is not the fashion of men even of those that profess themselves Christians , to say , come Lord Jesus , till they be on their death-beds , and till they be scarce able to speak or breath out a word ; they never say come Lord Jesus , till they know not what to do with themselves , till they can enjoy their lusts , and the World , and their sins no longer ; they cannot tell how to bequeath themselves longer to the service of sin and unrighteousness , till then they never call after the Lord Jesus to come to them : and when they do , it is not out of love and affection to Christ , but out of self-love to help them out of the hands of death , that is too strong for them ; and to fetch them out of that misery , they are too weak to sustain . Therefore they call Lord Jesus , but ( as I said ) it is far from the love of him in their hearts ; for were these men to live over their lives again , and to be restored to health again , it would be the last breath of their lives still to call the Lord Jesus . My brethren , where these things are ( and we find them too general , every man that looks into his own heart , may find himself in some measure touched therein ) certainly it cannot be that this same lively desire of a Christian can be there , and these persons can have little comfort in themselves , they have few arguments to prove themselves Elect of God , having the Spirit of God , or to be those that hear the promises with faith , or those that thirst after Christ ; there is no argument in them that they are Christs , because they long not and desire after him . But therefore in the second place , since this desire is so rare ; let us try our selves a little , even those that profess better things , and hope well that they are indeed the Spouse of Christ . Let us try and search our selves whether this expectation be with us or no , that we may find comfort in our estate , and in our union and conjunction with Christ . For tryal of this Point , first we must know that a necessary attendant and companion of this expectation of Christ , and waiting for him ; is sighing , and longing , and a vehement desire after him . It is no slight , no superficial desire , but an inward vehement desire , a sighing and panting after Christ , as those that see the need of him . And therefore as the Wise man saith , hope deferred , paines the heart : the godly desires of the soul , bring pains to the soul for want of Christ in the absence of Christ . And as the Apostle expresseth it in Rom. the 8. We sigh in our selves ( saith he ) wayting for the redemption of our bodies . We sigh in our selves , as men that are sick , or in pain , or opprest with a heavy burthen , sigh out their sorrowes and griefs ; so the godly soul must labour to find this expectation , in the sighing , longing , earnest desiring after Christ ; we sigh in our selves , saith the Apostle ; this is an argument of true love to Christ indeed , when we earnestly desire him in his absence . As a true faithful Spouse enjoyeth not her self when she enjoyeth not her Husband ; so it is with the Spouse of Christ , therefore the Apostle in the 2 Thess . 3.5 . joyneth them together , The Lord direct your hearts into the love of God and into the patient wayting for of Christ . As if he should say , there can be no love of Christ , if there be no waiting for Christ , and according to the vehemency of your love , will be the vehemency of your sighing and longing after him . That 's the first attendant of this expectation whereby we may examine our selves . A second attendant is , a comfortable sweet joy in the soul , a fruit of the spirit , not a fruit of presumption , or of the flesh , but a fruit of the spirit , as the Apostle saith , Rom. 5.1 . Being justified by faith , we rejoyce under the hope of the glory of God : where there is an earnest and certain expectation of Christ ( faith giving assurance to the soul of Christs return for the happiness of it ) it rejoyceth under the hope , the 〈◊〉 resolveth it self into joy , because it shall enjoy Christ . That which the Apostle Saint Peter saith , confirmeth this notably , whom ( saith he ) having not seen , and yet we love him , and rejoyce with joy unspeakeable and glorious . Do we find this joy in our hearts ? this heavenly joy ? that which shall be perfected in the presence and full fruition of Christ ? But alas ! where shall we find this joy in the World ? Men joy in Corn , and Wine , and oyle , in the encreasing of their Money , and Stocks , and Estates ; where is the joy the heart is resolved into , to consider and remember the return of Christ to the full and perfect happiness of the soul ? Certainly ( my brethren ) this is a rare grace upon the earth ; and yet where it is not , that man can have no sound argument in his own heart , that he hath this expectation of the coming of Christ , for with it there is a sound joy in the heart that the world breeds not , nor cannot take away . A third companion to try the truth of this expectation is , an endeavour after purity of heart and life , this must needs go with this expectation ; 1 John 3.3 . Hethat hath this hope purgeth himself , and is pure as he is pure : He that hath this hope that expects Christ hopefully and joyfully , he purgeth himself : he that waiteth for Christ , waiteth for him that he may be like him , that he may be holy as Christ is holy , ( still reserving the proportion of a member ) and be pure as Christ is pure . What a number be there , that profess they look for Christs return for their final salvation , and yet this expectation doth not purge their hearts , doth not cleanse those nasty and filthy corners that are there . It purgeth not their mouth from falshood , and lying , and deceitful and cursed speeches , nor their hands from injustice , and oppression and the like ; they are no whit like Christ in their conversation , and yet they hope for and expect Christ , no , he that hath this hope purgeth himself . What shall we think of them that oppose , that seek to oppress purity of heart and life ? that cast scorns upon purity and holiness ? what shall we think of those persons ? Shall we think that they have this expectation ? They will tell ye I , and justifie it before any man , and boldly stand , upon the expectation of their Saviour as well as others ; but if thou hate purity in others , then thon hatest it in thy self , and he that purgeth not himself hath not this hope , for he that hath this hope , purgeth himself as he is pure . A fourth companion and attendant of this expectation , is Christian fortitude and valour , and unweariedness in labouring and suffering for Christ . Where this expectation is , the soul is invinsible in labouring and sufferings ; He careth not what he endures , what he sets on for the name of Christ . This we shall see in the Apostle Saint Paul , when he had the white in his eye , when he had this aym set before him , the high price of the high calling of GOD in Christ , I forget the things ( saith he ) that are behind , and press hard to the things that are before . Though his labour and pains , and sufferings were marvellous great , he forgetteth all them , and still pressed hard to the mark , the price of the high calling of God in Christ Jesus . So holy Moses , because he looked for the recompence of the reward , he chose to suffer affliction with the people of GOD , rather then to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season . Besides , those faithful servants of GOD , many other instances might be added , to shew that when a man hath this expectation that Christ will come , and give him the end and recompence of his labour , and eternal joy and glory for his short sufferings , which are not worthy of the glory that shall be revealed , he refuseth no pains , no labour , no passion , no sufferings for Christ and a good conscience . But what need we go further then the example of Christ himself , the example of all examples , who for the joy that was set before him , indured the Cross , and despised the shame ? and why was this ? but for our example , that we should despise the crosses that are before us , and go on unweariedly , and unfaintingly through all crosses and persecutions ; if we meet with never so many oppositions , with never so many Devils , yet to go chearfully on in the wayes of God , why ? because we have a hope , and an expectation before us of Christ appearing . Further , another attendant of this expectation is this ; It bluntteh and abateth the siery edge of our affections to the things of this world . He that hath this expectation is weaned from the world , it looseneth the soul from the world every day more then other ; Whereas naturally we are rivitted to earthly things , fastened to 〈◊〉 world ; this expectation wrought in the heart ; causeth us to walk more loosely and unjoynted , it blunteth and abateth those eager desires that are in us to earthly things . See it in the example of that worthy servant of God Moses , because he looked for a City , & for the recompence of reward that was set before him ; he scorned the treasures of Egypt , he despised them , he cared not for honour or treasures , or all that Egypt could afford , he had rather suffer afflictions with Gods people , why ? because he looked for therecompence of reward . Be there not a number of persons that profess they expect Christ his return for their final salvation , and yet notwithstanding they are so fixed to the world ; they gather the world as greedily , grapling the things of this life together so earnestly , with such vehement affections , as if they were to live their age over a hundred times ? be there not a number of polititians that profess this hope too , that hold it most unwise and foolish thing in the world to lose any thing for conscience-sake , and for Christ ? Alas ! these things will not stand with this expectation . When a man hath a good title to heaven he is content to part with the broken title to the things of this life : as long indeed as a man hath not a better title , he will hold to that worse : but when he hath a blessed title to the inheritance of the Saints in light , he careth not for this broken Tenour and title , he will not hold them , because they cannot hold him . In the last place , another note that attendeth this expectation is , where this is , there will be an answerable affection , there will be a promoting of all the means to further it , their will be a grief and sorrow for all things that come against it to hinder it . Thus we do in other expectations . When we expect this or that reversion , when anything cometh between our hope , we grieve for it , any thing that cometh , or falleth out to further our hope , we rejoyce in it . And thus it will be likewise in this expectation of Christ , if it be true , whatsoever it is that may further our hope , and further Christ his coming , that we desire and pray for , that we rejoyce in , that we promote and put on with all our power and strength ; and because a powerful ministry of the Word , promoteth the kingdome of Christ , and setcheth in the company that shall be saved , and hasteneth his coming ; therefore we will withall our power and strength , hold up the ministry of the Word of GOD , ( that Scepter of Jesus Christ ) for the gathering in of people to God , for the perfecting of the number of the Elect , that so Christ may come and finish our salvations . And whatsoever it is that may hasten this his coming and appearing , we are glad to see it in the means of it , when the Word is preached , when the Sacraments are administred , when people are gathered to God , when grace appeareth in the hearts and lives of men , when we see the power of godliness manifest it self any where , when we see godly men incouraged and entertained , when we see the fear of God to prevail in Families and the like , we rejoyce at this . Why so ? because this increaseth and confirmeth our hope , it gathereth in the number that must be accomplished , before our final deliverance . And contrarily , when we see things to impair , and hinder the coming of the kingdome of Christ , that hinders the salvations of men , when we see the Church of God left without able teachers , and in stead of them , to come in unprofitable and unsufficient ignorant men , when we see the free passage of the Gospel hindered , many excellent lights shut under a bushel , and their light hid from the people of God , and the Gospel from the Church of God , when we see faction prevail , and both Civil and Ecclesiastical government despised , when Heresies are countenanced , and the people of God discouraged and disheartned , when we see the state of the Church of God abroad , that many sad blows are given by the enemies , and the sword of the enemie is sharp upon the Church , when we see these things , these dazle our hopes , they come between us and the kingdome , and second coming of Christ , the hastening of it : therefore there must be griefe for it . Thus it will be ; We pray for every thing that may hasten it , and pray against every thing that stands between , and hinders the conversion of men , and the glory of God , and the proceedings of Christs kingdome : thus ( I say ) it will be with us . But where is the man that takes these things to heart ? who setteth himself on these holy and conscionable courses ? If this be so , it appeareth manifestly , that this expectation , though it be every where exprest , is hard to be found any where ; there be very few that believe our report , few there be that set themselves to sift and examine the soundness of their expectation , and desire after Christ , yet where it is not ( these attendants ) it is not sound and sincere . In a word , to stir us up to this , as the Church and the Spirit , and the Bride , and he that is athirst here , saith Come , to stir up ( I say ) our desires to this , we will use a Motive or two . Do we not see by all this discourse a plain difference between godly men and unbelievers ? A godly man that hath the Spirit of God in him , saith come . A wicked man hath no such spirit in him ; with his tongue he may say come sometime , when he is forced , but he hath not the spirit to say come . Here is the difference in their present estate , but afterward the differences is greater ; when the evil servant will not waite for his Masters coming , but sits with the drunken , and Libertines , he shall be made a spectacle of his masters fury ; The Lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him , and at an hour when he is not aware , and will cut him in sunder , and will appoint him his portion with unbeleevers . Ther 's then another difference . Again , consider though the coming of our Lord Christ be certain , yet the particular time to our knowledge is uncertain ; but though the particular time be uncertain , yet it is hastening , it is not far off . In the time of the Apostle , there was but an hour , saith Saint John , now is the last hour : if it were the last hour in the Apostles time ; certainly it is the last minute now , the very last minute of an hour now . And I beseech you , let us consider the promise that is made to persons that expect the coming of Christ , Blessed is that servaut , whom his Master when he cometh shall find so doing : how doing ? watching , and preparing for , and expecting of his Masters coming ; Blessed is the servant that his Master shall find so doing : he speaks there in the singular number , there are not many that he shall find so doing ; therefore he speaks of one that is blessed , one of many that shall be found so doing . Blessed are they that watch and keep their garments clean , that purge themselves as he is pure , that labour to be holy as he is holy ; blessed is he that doth so . If it were not for these promises , how were it able for Christians to get over the rubbs and hinderances that lie in the way of this expectation ? how were it possible for a Christian to leap over the brunt of reproaches , the execution of sentences , and persecutions that the Saints of God go under ? onely because they have an eye upon the White , the expectation of the coming of Christ . The faithful Martyrs in this Kingdome , and in other Countries ; what did drive them to embrace the flames , and the cruelest death and torments that Persecutors could devise ? but onely this was in their eye , this bore them out against all the threatenings , and sufferings of the World , this was that that did give them encouragement and comfort above all discouragements . And to conclude , above all let us encourage our selves , by the fruit and recompence of all this expectation ; what is that ? the Apostle Saint John saith , that when this hope shall come into our hand , when our faith shall meet with fruition , then we shall see Christ so as to be like him : here is such a sight of Christ , as never the eye of flesh saw , nor can see ; to see Christ and to be like him , to see him as he is ; here is such a sight as would ravish us if we knew what it was , and we cannot know while we are on earth ; eye hath not seen that which we shall see in Christ : but when we shall enjoy this expectation , we shall see him as he is , and see him so as to be like him . Father ( saith he , John 17.24 . ) I will that where I am they may be , that they may see my glory . Wicked men see his glory , what priviledge then between them and the godly ? It is true indeed wicked men see the glory of Christs person , and they shall see and feel the glory of his justice ; but the godly see the glory not onely of his person , not onely of his justice , but the glory that no wicked man ever shall see , the glory of his Mercy , and goodness , and grace ; here is the difference . God getteth himself glory upon Pharaoh in drowning of him ; but God getteth himself the glory of his Mercy in Israel , in saving them in the bottome of the Sea : so the godly , they see the glory not onely of the person of Christ ( and that is infinite and surpasseth apprehension ) but they see the glory of his Mercy , of his eternal goodness , and they see it so as to be like him , to be translated into that glory , to get a part and share of it ( as much as they are capable of ) they make themselves all glorious with his glory , and shine with his brightness and beauty . Alas brethren , all the sight we can get of Christ in this world , it is like the sight of the blind man that Christ cured , he bad him look up , and lift up his eyes , and he saw men walking as trees , an imperfect sight ; so we have here but an imperfect glimpse of Christ , we see him through a glass , through the Word and Sacraments , and these means that he hath appointed , an imperfect sight , till Christ give us a clear sight , and makes us see perfectly , and this is in the day of his return . All the sight and vision of Christ in this life , it is but to see him in a glass ( faith the Apostle ) as in a looking glass , but then we shall see him face to face , we shall see him as he is . What difference there is between the shadow in a glass , and the face it self , so much difference there is between the sight of Christ here , and hereafter , when we shall see him as he is , when we shall see him with open face , and not in a mirrour . Therefore let this incourage us , and stir up our hearts , to expect and wait for the coming of Christ with vehement and daily prayers , with fervency of spirit , with the Church , and the Bride , and the Spirit to say , Even so , Amen , Come Lord Jesus . FINIS DEATHS PREROGATIVE SERMON XXXXVIII . GEN. 3.19 . For dust thou art , and unto dust thou shalt return . AS the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel , Pro. 12 10. or the seeming cruelties ( at the highest but severities ) of the God of Heaven have much of mercy in them . Witness this carriage in this Chapter , towards our first Parents : not to speak of his mercy of mercies , ( obvious to every eye ) Christ the Second Adam , promised before the first Adam was punished . the woman is sentenced in sorrow to bring forth Children . It might have been better and better ; whereas it is Bitter-sweet , though sorrow , yet she shall bring forth Chrildren . Travellers will assure us , that there is a small Island nigh Nombre de dios in America , where no woman as yet , could be delivered of a child , and therefore , when neer their time , are conveyed over to the neighbouring continent , whether this proceedeth from the Astringency in the Aire , Earth , or Water ; or any other occult Quality , let the privie Counsellors of Nature discuss and deside . God might have extended the Malignity of this Island , all over the World. Caine might have been the Ben-nony to Eve , but his goodness was so merciful , that her comfortable pain was for the time abated with the hope , for future forgotten with the fruition , John 16.21 . That a man was born into the Word . Secondly , for Adam , he is censured vers . 17. In sorrow to eate of the ground all the dayes of his life . In sorrow there is Justice , shall eat , there is mercy : God might have made the Earth Deaf , and Dumb to the desires of the Husbandman , ut non parerent arva colono , Man might have Fallowed , and Stirred , and Plowed , and Sown , and Harrowed , and Rouled , and Weeded , and Mown , and yet not have brought home to the Barn ; or not have eat of what he brought home . How easily can God make an ill conditioned and unseasonable autumn , defeat the promises of the most pragnant Spring , and Summer ? How may a Snowy January , Frosty February , Dusty March , Showry Aprill , Windy May , Warm June , Hott July , ( all very kindly in their kinds ) be married with a constant and continued raign in August , even to the famishing of all man-kind , had not God gratiously promised that man should , though in sorrow , vers . 17. and in the sweat of his face , vers . 19. eat bread from the ground . A Second favour is herein conferred on Adam , that God in his due time would put a period to his painful life , his toil , trouble , and turmoil , occasioned by his tilling the earth , and other interveining afflictions should not last alwayes , but end and expire with his life , for dust thou art , and unto dust thou shalt return . This text I may tearm the GRAND LEVELLER , as which equalleth Showels and Scepters , Penknives and Swords , Scholars and Souldiers , Captains and Captives , Princes and Peasants , high and low , rich and poor , one with another . Saint Paul , 2 Tim. 4. compareth mans life to a race , I have finished my course , and Heb. 12.1 . Let us run with patience , the race that is set before us , let us improve his Metaphor into an Alegory , and it will serve us very conveniently for the deviding of our text , wherein we may observe . 1. Carcer , the Bar , from whence we do start , for dust thou art . 2. Meta , the mark , to which we run , and unto dust thou shalt return . Be it here remembred , that this Metaphor is confined to the Terrestial and earthly part of man , without the least reference to his best moity , I mean his Soul ; man consisteth of two parts , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Soul and dust , the former not coming within the compass of the Text , fall not under the notion of dust , apropriated to the body alone . I cannot with comfort and conscience proceed , to the collecting of observations out of a Text , whilst conscious to my self , that the same is incumbred with difficulties , and we meet with two main ones in the Text which must first be remooved . First Question . This being , ( as I may say ) the first day of Judgment , when God in the text legally proceeded to the sentencing of Adam ( cast by the confession of his own conscience ) how cometh it to pass that only Temporal punishment is inflicted upon him . One might justly have expected , that God rather would have said , from Hell came thy sin , and to Hell let thy sin return , and thy soul go a long with is . Or you shall go from the place wherein you stand , to the place of eternal Damnation , where the worm dyeth not , and the fire is not quenched , there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth . Whereas now the mention only of Temporal death , hath given the hint to Prophane persons in this licentious age ( greedy to snatch at all shaddows of advantage ) no less boldly then falsly to maintain , that sin in its own nature , doth only diserve , and shall only receive Temporal Death . I answer , first Negatively , It was not because sin in its own nature , deserveth only Temporal Death seeing , ( were it the work of the day , and the time as proper as the place for that purpose ) Legions of Scriptures , might be produed to prove that et ernal ( as well as temporal ) death is due to the demerit of sin , yet none can wonder at prophane persons , if willing to kindle comfort to themselves at every Gloworm they meet with , it being for the intrest of thieves and murderers to believe ( if they can so perswade themselves ) that there never will be Goales , Judge , Sizes , Sessions , Sheriffs , or Executioners . But for most weighty reasons , Obvius and open to our apprehension , ( besides others no doubt concealed in his own bosome ) Divine wisdome adjudged it not convenient to besentence our first Parents with eternal Damnation , though according to his justice and their deserts , it might have been inflicted upon them . First ingeneral I answer , Why should any mans eye be evil because Gods is good ? What if he were pleased to abate of legal extremity , and mercifully to remit much thereof who shall say unto him , why dost thou so ? Indeed Itinerant Judges bound to observe the letter of the Law , may not , but a King by his Prerogative may commute the Gallows into the Brand , qualify the Brand into the Whip , underpunish offences without wrong to any , because therein he doth only , uti imperio suo . Descend we now to more particular answers , and before we go further ; the Audience will grant this unto me ( which if denyed me I shall be bold to take , as an undoubted truth ) that had the sentence of eternal condemnation , been once pronounced by God , and passed on Adam ; It , like the Laws of the Medes and Persians , Dan. 6.8 . could not ever after be reversed , or repealed . This being premised I tender to your consideration , how inconsistent it was with Gods goodness , to curse Adam and Eve to the Pitt of Hell , beheld either in their Personal Notion , as single souls , or in their collective capacity , as the Representatives of all man-kind . For the former , God would not curse Adam or Eve , as private persons , because foreseeing , that both of them would repent , and lay hold on the Promised seed , and so eternally be saved ; indeed there were in the primitive time a sort of Heretiques , no less uncharitable then Erronious , who maintained that both Adam and Eve were damned , ( base birds thus to defile their own nest ) whose Doctrine was exploded by conscientious Christians , and the contrary avowed and asserted by the Church of God. Secondly , consider Adam and Eve as the representatives of all man-kind , and so all the ELECTS lay hid in the Loyns of the one , and Womb of the other ; I have blessed him ( said Isaac of Jacob , Gen. 27.33 . ) yea and he shall be blessed ; by the same proportion it followed more firmly , that if God had cursed the elect in Adam and Eve , they should have been cursed , which was diametrically opposite to Gods gracious intent , yea , would have proyed destructive to his design , having fore-appointed from all eternity , in due time to say unto them , Matt. 25.34 . Come ye blessed of my Father , inherit the Kingdome prepared for you , from the Foundation of the World. Yea which is most material , Christ himself , of whom it was said , Gal. 3.8 . In thee shall all Nations be blessed , according to his humanity , and as concealed in his causes , had even then a Seminal existence in our first Parents . What said Balaam , Numb . 23.8 . How shall I curse whom God hath not cursed , or how shall I defie , whom the Lord hath not defyed ? But it followeth , a fortiori , that God could not , that is would not , issue out an eternal malediction on them , who had him in them , who was the fountain of all blessedness , and that by Gods own fore-appointment , an Act as much precedanious to my Text , and which by due seniority took place of Adams punishment , as eternity is before time , 2 Tim. 19. Who hath saved us , and called us with an holy calling , not according to our works , but according to his own purpose and grace , which was given us in Christ Jesus , before the world began . In further illustration of this our answer , it is very observable , that God in this Chapter , twice discharged the terrible word Cursed , and yet both times designedly no doubt , ( he can best , if so pleased miss the mark , who if so pleased , can best hit it ) misseth both Adam and Eve. Once verse 14. Thou art cursed above all Cattel , and this Cursed he bestowed on the Serpent . The other on the earth , verse 17. Cursed be the ground for thy sake . When Sons of Princes committed faults , it was usual for the servants of those sons to be beaten . As here the earth , is punished for the fault of man his Master , and the curse is on it inflicted which by him was deserved . Second Question . Seeing God threatned Adam , Gen. 2.17 . In the day that thou eatest thereof , thou shalt surely die ; how came he to live so long after that fault committed . The Barbarians , Act. 28.6 . looked when Saint Paul , ( Stung with the Viper ) should have Swolu , or fallen down dead suddenly . And it might rationally been expected that Adam , invenomed with sin and the guilt thereof , should in the same minute , and moment have sunk down into Death . Whereas the words in the Text are still , de futuro , To dust thou shalt return , yea , we read Gen. 5.5 . And all the dayes that Adam lived , were nine hundred and thirty years , and he dyed . Joshua's was a long day , made up of two cuppled together , without any night interposed , whilst the Sun stood still ; but here was an extensive day , indeed lasting well nigh a thousand years . Answer . Some please themselves in returning this answer , which to me seemeth a witty foolish one , though by some highly approved ; it is said , say they , Psal . 90.4 . For a thousand years in thy sight , are but as yesterday when it is past , and as a watch in the night . Thus taking one thousand years for one day , ( according to the computation , Stilo Dei ) Adam , dyed in the same day he sinned , as whose life though exceeding the ninth century , never attained to a full thousand . But this by some is justly censured not for expounding , but abusing the word of God. First Answer . Waving therefore this mock-answer , I present two sollid ones to the readers choice , to prefer which he pleaseth , or , ( if so disposed ) to twist them both together ; the first is , that sentence of God , Gen. 2.17 . is not desinitive , but comminatory parallel to that , Jonah 3.4 . Yet forty dayes and Nineveh shall be destroyed ; such comminatory sentences alwayes run with a clause of revocation , ( concealed though not expressed ) in case God conceiveth the contrary more conducing to his glory ; I say these comminatory sentences , done adterrorem , are not so conclusive , but that they are still coinclusive , admitting of a revocation at Gods pleasure and mans repentance , as our first parents no doubt were true Penitents for their offence . Second Answer . Adam became mortal from that very instant , that he eat the forbidden fruit . Sickness then arested him , though he was not imprisoned in the grave till many years after , before his full natural heat and radical moisture , knew and kept their respective bounds in his body , without the least mutual encroachment , since his fall they are turned fierce foes , lying at the catch and waiting advantages to invade one another : since the very minute of his preverication , his body sickness-proof before , was subject to be drowned with the dropsie , burnt by the seaver , swelled by the Gout , shrivelled by the Consumption ; in a word , he carried in his Soul the seeds of all sins , in his body of all diseases . In common discourse we date a Malefactor dead ( though not naturally legally ) form the sentence of condemnation passed upon him ; It is but a dead life which he leads after that time , such being the Chancery , as I may say of Common Law , to allow him a few dayes to dispose himself for death ; in the same sence we behold Adam , as no man of this World , as Dead and defunct , ( though respited and reprieved for some years ) from the time that he eat the forbidden fruit . We must not forget that Saint Jerome , in whose mouthing languages ( departing confusedly from Babel ) met methodically then in any other Father , highly commendeth the translation of Simacus , reading these words , Gen. 2.17 . Morieris , thou shalt die ; Mortalis eris , thou shalt be mortal ; herein if he rendred not the letter like an exact Translator thereof , he hath given in the true sence of the word , as a judicious commentator thereon . And now we may march on with becoming confidence , to collect some Doctrines from the words being secured from any ambush to surprize us on our backs . We may say with Isaac , Gen. 26.22 , Rehoboth , now the Lord hath made room for us . These two grand objections thus satisfied , come we now to the place , whence all man-kind starteth , Dust thou art . Doctrine . All man-kind derive their original from dust . Adam immediately , Gen. 2.7 . And the Lord God formed man of the Dust of the ground , and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life , and man became a living Soul. Eve , mediately made of flesh , made of dust , and so all man-kind since , being one remove further from dust in their composition , but at the same degree of distance from dust , at their Desolution , Dust thou art , &c. First Use , to retrench our Pride , at the serious consideration of our mean original ; Virgil tells us , Georgicks the fourth , that when Bees fiercely fight in the Air , the speediest way to part them , is by casting dust upon them . Hi motus animorum , atque hac certamina tanta , Pulveris exigui jactu compost a quiescunt . But when Swarms of lusts in our proud Souls fight one against another ; and all against the word and will of God , the quickest means to compose them , is by throwing some dust , pouring meditations of mortality upon them . Second Use , to confute the curiosity of such , who expend so much precious time , care and cost , in pargoting , painting , pouldering , patching , and perfumeing of their bodies , which came from , and go to the dust . Here first , I allow a necessary neatness due to our bodies , least otherwise we antedate our own stench , least otherwise before our time , this our dust turn dirt , and become offensive to our selves and others . Secondly , I allow ( for God allows ) an ornamental decency , proportionable to the condition and estates of persons , and I find , Gen. 24.22 . Eare-rings in the ears , and bracelets in the hand of Rebeckah , though to any judicious eye , those hands seemed more beautiful for the Buckets she did bear , then for the Bracelets she did wear . But blame-worthy their pride , and vanity , who spend about their bodies time and cost , to the neglect of their Souls . It is reported of Queen Katherine Dowager , first Wife to King Henry the eighth , that she accounted no time worse spent then what was wasted in dressing of her ; indeed seeing nature , was not over bountiful of beauty unto her , and having a humorous Husband to content , art might the more excusably be indulged unto her ; but how many are there who esteem no time well laid out , but what is spent in tricking , trimming , decking and adorning themselves . The Commoedian could complain , dum moliuntur , dum comuntur unus est ; but the Divine may complain , dum precantur , vix semihorula est . To tell that Sex of their faults in that language they best understand , too much time is lost by them in their dressing , to little in their devotions . Here let me humbly tender a motion to the Gallants of our time , and may it but meet reception , and entertainment sutable to the seasonableness thereof , when they do curiously powder their Hair , ( how welcome is the meal of old age of mans , unwelcome of Gods besprinkling ) let them even then call to mind , this is but anticipating the work and words formerly used at mens burials , Dust to dust , for dust thou art , and unto dust thou shalt return . Third Use of comfort . Of comfort ( may some say ) that is impossible to arise naturally from this Text , can meat come from the devourers , can any good come out of a Gallilee ? Behold the Text is hung about on all sides with mourning , and therefore little chearfulness , and less comfort , can thence rationally be expected , however most clarified , and distilled consolation may be extracted from the Text , and it is pitty to express it in any other than in Davids words , Psal . 103.14 . For he knoweth our frame , he remembreth that we are but dust , and therefore of his gratious goodness will not expect , Golden performances , from dusty Performers . He will be pleased to accept , dusty Prayers , and dusty Preaching , dusty Reading , and dusty Alms-giving , from us , as proportionable to our extraction . God knoweth that the Angels are not Dust , and therefore he may justly expect from them , and require of them , to serve him , in altitudinibus , in height of performance , having a fourfold advantage above men , by their very origination . First , the Angels are incorporeal , who can act quicker then I can think ? My sluggish imagination cannot keep pace with their performances . It was but a Poetick fiction , that the Spanish gennets were conceived of the Wind. But it is a Theological truth , Heb. 1.7 . He maketh his Angels Spirits , and his Ministers a flaming fire . Whereas we poor men , do drale and drag a cumbersome corps about us , which much hindereth us in all our devotions . Secondly , Angels have no flesh , and we have flesh , this will some say interferreth with the former : Oh no. Our Saviour had a body , and that a real one , but no flesh in this sence , that is no relique and remnant of original corruption , whereas we have both body , and flesh too , in the worst acception of the latter ; This Esquire of our body ( as I may call it ) is over officious in his dayly attendance , so that whilst the Wind of Gods Spirit bloweth us one way , the tide of our corruption hurrieth us another way , a mischeif from which Angels are secured by their nature . Thirdly , Angels have no World to tempt them . We live 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in the middle of Snares , so bad that we should not look upon them , but so common that we can hardly look beside them . Fourthly , and lastly ; Angels are free from any Devil , effectually to tempt them , should Satan indeavour , he could not accomplish it . The match cannot be lighted where there is no tinder to take fire ; Whereas such our corruption , it is quickly enflamed with Satans temptations . Angels having thus a fourfold advantage above men , and seeing they , Psal . 103.20 . Excell in strength , whilst we poor mortals exceed in weakness , God will expect from us service sutable to the mean matter we are made of , and in his accounting with us , will give us grains of allowance , make favourable abatements , and accept of proportionable defalcations , remembring that we are but Dust . Let me hear make a supposition , not only seasable in it self , but which de facto , we see dayly performed ; suppose a man had two Sons , the one grown to the full strength and stature of a man , the other ( which usually happeneth by the same venter ) an infant which hath newly learned the method of going alone . Suppose further , that the Father at the same time , commandeth them both to come to him , and bring with them somewhat proportionable to their strength , in obedience whereunto , the man-son , bringeth a Beam or Log on his shoulders . The Child-son cometh also , and what doth he bring with him ? It is very well if he bringeth himself , for every step he stirreth he ventureth a stumbling if not a falling , but what if also over and above himself ; he bringeth a straw or reed in his hand . I appeal to you who are Parents of Children ( others being but incompetent judges of the case in hand , ) to you I say , who have paternal affection resident in your breasts , and maternal legure in your bosomes , whether you would not take it in as good part , a reed of your Child-son , ( as a Beam of your Man-sons bringing ; I trough you would . Have earthly Fathers , who are but parcel-pittiful , such a Court of Chancery in their hearts , and shall not God , whose mercy is over all his works , exceed us in all bowels of compassion ? God I say , who may be said to have two forts of Sons , Angels , already arrived at their full strength and perfection . In the laws of England , the Kings eldest Son , as Duke of Cornwel was presumed to be to all legal intents and purposes of full Age , on the first day of his Nativity ; sure I am that Angels at the very instant of their creation were out of their non-age , and in full maturity , whilst men during their living in this life , are still in their minority ; Until Ephes . 4.13 . we all come in the unity of the faith , and of the knowledg of the Son of God , unto a perfect man , unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ ; and therefore God will dispence with our dusty performance , remembring that we are but Dust . However none can without manifest usurpation entitle themselves to the least share in this Use of comfort , if the connection of Davids words ( whereon they are founded ) be seriously considered , Psal . 103.13 , 14. Like as a Father pittieth his Children : so the Lord pittieth them that fear him . For be knoweth our frame ; he remembreth that we are dust . See here God only reflecteth with favours on the dusty extraction of those that fear him , and no others . Therefore let no prophane person , suck poyson out of the sweet flower of our comfortable use , and dispose himself to leudness , or ( at the best ) laziness in Gods service , presuming that God , knowing his Original of Dust , will therefore accept of his , as of but dusty performance . Here let me distinguish betwixt dusty , and Dung-hil serving of God. Dusty serving of him is , when men endeavours to the utmost strength , of their weakness to serve him , when they present him ( as Jacob did unknown Joseph , Gen. 43.11 . ) with the best , ( and those God knowes but had ) fruit of our Land in our vessels , doing all in sincerity ( which is Gospel perfection ) and the mean time confessing of , groaning for , and fighting against those many corruptions , and more imperfections which cleave unto their most perfect performances . This is Dusty serving of God , Dung-hil serving of him is , which proceedeth from persons Dead in Trespasses and sins , Ephes . 2.1 . sending forth the same savour in the nostrills of the God of Heaven , with Lazarus when he had been three dayes buried , John the 11.39 . And although such actions may appear spetious to the beholders , yea , and breath forth no bad sent at all , to wicked men in the same condition ( one rotten corps is not offensive to an other ) yet as dead flies cause , Eccles . 10.1 . Ointment of Apothecary , to send forth an ill savour , so Hypochricy appendant to such actions , rendereth them noisom to that infinite being , who is Emunclissiminaris , most exact and critical in his smelling . This is Dung-hill serving of God , most odious unto him , and therefore the Godly do detest and abhor it , whilst they only grieve and bemoan at their dusty service of God , which notwithstanding if , ( qualified as formerly stated , is acceptable in Jesus Christ . Come we now to the Mark , to which we all run , and unto dust shalt thou return . Whence we observe this Doctrine , All humane art cannot preserve a corps from final returning to dust . I say , final , although for a time it may repreive the same from being pulverized . Far be it from me , dispitefully to decoy the ingenious indeavours , ( and they be but endeavours ) of any in Chyrurgery , I will not add any to my ignorance in that mistery , yet I say . Art must cry craven , in this experiment , and cannot secure a corps , from mouldering into it first matter , Dust . For proof hereof let us suppose , first that which I may call an healthful corps , viz. of one not weakned and wasted with a long lingering and languishing disease , but of one cut off suddenly in the prime of his youth . Secondly , Suppose an Artist expert in his profession of Embalming , no whit inferiour to them , who made the last bed for the repose of King Asa's corps , 2. Chron. 16.14 . of sweet oders by the art of the Apothecary . Thirdly , allow him the most and best of spices , not only a mixture of Myrrhe and alloes , about an hundred pound weight ( the proportion assigned by Nicodemus for our Saviours body , John 19.39 . ) but as many as India and Arabia doth produce the Embalmer being stinted to no number but his own pleasure . Lastly , because moist Countries be accused to invite corruption , let us lay the scene of this experiment in Egypt it self , where the dryness of the clymates may contribute something to the affecting of the work . The premises thus provided in matter and manner , in kind and degree , to the Chyrurgions full desire , let him not begin his opperation , and fall on working , according to the rule of art . Here I suppose he will with his instruments first take out the brains and bowels , of both which conclamatum est , it is granted on all sides that they cannot be preserved from putrefaction , and juditious art will not adventure on a labour in vain . Next I conceive he will curiously incorporate his spices , into those , vacuities , and concavities , out of which the brains and bowels ( those hags of corruptions ) were taken out . Thirdly , after the using of much art in order to his design , he will build the body many stories high in perfumed Sear-cloaths . Lastly , he will deposite it in some dry place , perchance where no earth shall touch it , lest as ill company often solicite good natures to badness , the corps may be tempted by contiguity to the earth , the sooner to return to dust . Now when all this is done , all in effect is still undone , as to the thing undertaken , I deny not but that a corps may thus be preserved some hundreds , or perhaps for some thousands of years . And yet give me leave to say of such a body , minima est pars , sui ipsius , there is the least of flesh and body , in that flesh or body , the matter thereof insensibly resolving into dust , and that dust vanishing into nothing , that doth appear ; so that the most of what remaineth is the substance of spice and flesh , and that at last passeth to dust as its general matter . Yea such prodigious cost of Embalming bestowed on bodies , hath accedentally occasioned their speedier corruption . Many a poor mans body hath slept quietly in his grave without any disturbance , whilst the corps of some Egyptian Princes might justly complain with [ seeming ] Samuel to Saul , 1 Sam. 28.15 . Why hast thou disquieted me , to bring me up , their Fingers , and Hands , and Armes , Toes , Feet , and Legs , and Thighes , and all their body , tug'd and torne out of their tombs , tumbled and tossed many hundred miles by Sea and Land , bought and brought by Drugists for Mummy , and buryed in the bellies of other men , they it seems being canibals , who feed on mans flesh for food , though not for Phisick , all which may seem a just judgment of God , on the imoderate cost and curiosity in their embalming , as if endeavouring thereby to defeat and frustrate Gods sentence , and to consure the truth in my Text. Dust thou art , and unto dust thou shalt return . In a word , as a loving child ; which is violently kept from his tender Mother , will wait and watch his first and best opportunity to return to his Mother again . So every mans body is a child of the Mother Earth and though the vigilant eye , and powerful hand of art , endeavoureth its utmost to detain this child from the arms of its Mother ; maugre all obstruction , it will make its way unto her ; for dust thou art and unto dust thou shalt return . First Use , this teacheth us what to think of Popish Reliques , their Priest pretending many of their Saints bodies to remain in their shrines at this day uncorrupted , thus they fabulously report , that the hand of Saints King Oswald . Nullo verme perit , nulla putredine tabet Dextra viri , &c. That no worm or putrifaction tainted his right hand , which had been so abundantly bountiful to the poor , If so , he had far better success , then he who was a better Kind and Saint , even David himself , Acts 13.36 . Who after he had served his Generation , was laid to his fathers , and saw corruption . But most of these Popish forgeries , were discovered at the desolution , and such bodies found as rotten as their superstition who adored them . Second Use , Seeing it is impossible to preserve our bodies from returning to dust , let us labour to keep our souls from being turned to damnation . Eccles . 12.7 . Then shall the dust return to the earth , as it was , and the Spirit shall return to God that gave it . Wherein observe all Spirits both good and bad , after death return to ; as to the Father of Spirits , to do their homage unto him ; I say , they all instantly return unto him : from him alone to recerve new orders : and instructions how , and where he will have them for the future disposed of , in an eternity of weal , and woe , God grant that our souls may so return to God : as never to return from him ; but abide with him in endless happiness . O consider the worth of your soul and value them accordingly . Saint Matthew saith , 16.26 . What is a man profited if he shall gain the whole World , and loose his own Soul ? But Saint Luke Chap. 9.25 . hath it , if he gain the whole World , and loose himself . His body is without him , only an appendant , and that seperable , but his Soul is his very self , loose that loose all . There lived lately in the City of Exeter , a person well known ; generally remitted by all a right religious man , though in my mind more to be commended for his devotion then discretion ; his custome was to apply himself to strangers in all companies , and sequestring persons by themselves demanded of them ; If you die at this instant what assurance have you of the eternal salvation of your Soul. A question which hath posed many a great Scholar , to give a good answer , with truth and comfort thereunto . I confess his Christianity was better then his civility , in surprizing people with so sudden an Interrogatory . However it is a question , if not fit for him to ask of others , fit for every man to demand of himself , the Preacher in the Pulpit , the People in their Pewes , the Taveller on his Horse , the decumbent in his bed , every one at all times , in all places . Now it is not the least part of Gods mercy unto us , that before our bodies after our deaths , finally return to dust , they even whilst we are living , begin for to ungive , and to dispose themselves , for their dusty dissolution ; David saith , Psal . 19.7 . I will bless the Lord who hath given me warning , my reins also instruct me in the night season . He speaketh this in relation to his mortality , it following soon after , my flesh also shall rest in hope . God gave David warning , that death should not surprize him of his mortal condition , his reins , that is some inward wastings , and secret weakness of nature , minded him that he must return to his first original ; God in like manner gives us warning , and may we have wisdome to take it , some years before our eye-strings break , our eyes are blind as to small prints , our ears deaf as to love sounds , evident monitors that our bodies are ungiving to return to dust . God of his goodness sanctifie unto us , all decayes in nature , that they may effectually mind us of our mortality ; it is said of Sampson , when his hair was cut off , Jud. 1.6.20 . He awoke out of his sleep & said , I will go out as at other times before , and shake my self , but he quickly found the case was altered with him . Thus we in our declining age think to rise as early , go as late , run as fast , travel as far , do all things as actively as twenty years ago , when we were young ; but it will not be , age hath clipt our strength ; God make us sensible thereof , that we may remember our end , and apply our hearts unto wisdome , AMEN . THE PATRIARCHAL FUNERAL . GEN. L. 10. And he made a mourning for his Father seven dayes . THere are two great names concealed in this Text , but express'd by the Prophet David in a peculiar and eminent manner : Thou hast with thine arm redeemed thy people , the Sons of Jacob and Joseph . Great was the name of Abraham , but all his Sons were not accepted ; only Isaac was in the Cevenant . Great was the name of Isaac , but his Son Esau was rejected . Great then must the name of Jacob be , who had twelve Sons , and all accepted . The whole people of God descended from him , and were called Israelites , and the Sons of Jacob , as his by generation from his loins . One of these twelve was Joseph , and the rest did equally descend from him , and might be called his Sons by preservation , from his care and power . Howsoever , he is exempted from the number of his Brethren ; and that he might be styl'd a Father , two Sons of his are numbred with his Fathers Sons , and ranked with the Patriarchs . Thus were all the people of God the Sons of Jacob and Joseph ; and Joseph , while the Son of Jacob , the Father of the Sons of Jacob. These are the two concealed in the Text ; Jacob the Father , and that Father dead ; Joseph the Son , and that a mourning Son : for he made a mourning for his Father seven dayes . These words contain a brief relation of a Patriarchal Funeral ; in which two general parts are presented to our view ; The Solemnization of the Obsequies ; and , The Continuation of the Solemnities . In the description of the Solemnization there are four particulars observable ; The Connexion ; The Person ; The Action ; The Occasion . The Connexion , in the conjunctive particle And ; the Person understood in the following pronoun He : the Action represented , what He , that is , Joseph did , he made a mourning : The Occasion expressed , for whom he mourned , for his Father . The Connexion of the Text is double , in reference to the Person , and in relation to the Action . The Connexion of the Person , And he ; the Connexion of the Action with the precedent actions of that person , And he made a mourning . I shall begin with the Connexion of the Person , and in my whole discourse exactly prosecute the method of the Text. When aged Jacob yeelded up the Ghost , and was gathered unto his people , the Physitians embalmed Israel , and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten dayes . They were not as yet the apparent enemies of God ; they had their tears for Jacob , who afterward would have drowned all his Sons ; they preserved and prolonged the dayes of his life ; and when those were cut off , they continued the dayes of his weeping . But there is a difference between a formal and a real sorrow , between a solemn and a serious grief , between a popular and a filial sadness . Wherefore Joseph is not contented with the Egyptian mourning ; he hath a nearer relation then those strangers had , and therefore more of affection is expected from him ; his filial sympathy must go beyond their accustomed civility ; the Egyptians mournned , and he made a mourning for his Father . This is the Connexion in respect of the Person ; that of the action followeth . When Jacob was near the time of his dissolution , Joseph put his hand under his thigh , and sware unto him that he would deal kindly and truly with him , that he would bury him in the burying place of his Fathers . When he gathered up his feet into the bed and dyed , Joseph fell on his Fathers face , and wept upon him , and kissed him , and so paid the first fruits of a Funeral with his eyes and with his lips . After this be commanded the Physitians to follow with Spices and embalm him , desirous to preserve that body to the utmost possibility from corruption , from which he had received his generation . Then he entreated and obtained leave of Pharaoh to perform his Oath which he sware unto Jacob : he went up to the Land of Canaan to take possession with his Fathers body , and laid him in the field which Abraham bought . There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife , there they buried I saac and Rebekah his wife , there Jacob buried Leah , and there Joseph buried Jacob. And having thus fulfilled all the duties belonging to a Son , there remaining but this one , fitter to be performed then required , he made a mourning for his Father . This is the Connexion of the Action . The Person or chief mourner then is Joseph ; he which once was dead in the thoughts of Jacob and desires of his brethren , survives his Father to attend his Funeral , and to preserve his Brethren alive . His coming into Egypt cost aged Jacob many a tear ; and he must pass into Canaan to demonstrate his gratitude , and pay that debt unto his Father there . This eminent Person is proposed for an example unto all ages of the world : what he here performed , was no legal Ceremony ; he was a Patriarch , and long before the Law : he was a singular and signal type of Christ , and hath done nothing which may misbecome the most retired and sublimed Christian . And this will readily appear , if we joyn the Action to the Person . He made a mourning . I call 't an Action , which may as well be term'd a Passion : as a mourning , so a Passion ; as he made it , so an Action : a passionate Action , or an active passion . The internal grief of his mind and sorrow of his heart , as an inward passion of his Soul , was voluntarily rais'd within him by resolved and continued thoughts of his Fathers death ; and at the same time the expression of that grief was willingly poured Forth , as what he understood did well become him . We are not only to bewail our sins , but all those miseries which proceed from them : and therefore tears were not only lent us to declare Compunction , but also to express Commiseration . We read our blessed Saviour twice did weep , once for the sins of Jerusalem , once for the death of Lazarus whom he loved . Two eyes Nature bestow'd upon us , though perfectly & distinctly we can see but with one at once , and both are equally made the fountains of tears , as we are sinners for Contrition , as we are Brethren for Compassion . When the first Martyrs bloud was shed for the Christian faith , devout men carryed Steven to his burial , and made great lamentation over him ; such were the tears of the Infant Church . When Peter found Dorcas , a woman full of good works and Almsdeeds , dead , all the Widdows stood by him weeping . Thus the first which dyed in Christianity , were followed with solemn tears : and it was a wise observation made by the Apostate Julian , that one of the means to convert so many Heathens to our Religion , was the care of the bodies , and the solemnities alwayes used at the Funerals of the dead . Thus far of the Action , He made a mourning . The occasion of this sadness is expressed in a word , but must be considered in many more , as being the principal concernment both of the Text and Time. The mover of his passion , the object of his grief , the cause of his tears was his Father , And he made a mourning for his Father . This was so truly the occasion , that it was the only cause , that there can be no reason imaginable assigned why Joseph should mourn , but only because he had lost a Father . Though he was aged to extremity , though he was holy unto eminency , though he was happy to eternity , though no way disadvantageous by his death to any , yet because dead , and that a Father dead , he made a mourning for him . We usually say of ancient Persons , that they have already one foot in the grave , and the rest of their life is nothing else but the bringing of these feet together . Why then should we weep for the death of aged persons , when it can be but the second part of their Funeral ? That sorrow seems to be but useless which is spent upon necessities , and that grief irrational which would create impossibilities . The dayes of our years are threescore years and ten , and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years , yet is their strength labour and sorrow . What reason then can we produce , that the life of a man whom we esteem , should be sorrow to himself , and his death be grief to us ? Now Jacob gave this account of his age to Pharaoh when he came down to Egypt , The dayes of the years of my pilgrimage are an hundred and thirty years ; and he lived in the land seventeen years ; so the whole age of Jacob , was an hundred forty and seven years . This extremity of his age had fastned him to his bed , the perfect embleme and short forerunnner of his grave . The eyes of Israel were dim , so that he could not see ; he was already in the shades of darkness . Nay , the time drem nigh faith Moses , that Israel must die ; there was a natural necessity of his death , an apparent impossibility of longer life ; and yet this consideration is no excuse to Joseph , but he made a mourning for his aged Father . Secondly , the death of the righteous is to be desired rather then lamented : and it were a dishonour put upon Religion to think a pious man less happy dead , then when he liv'd . Weep not for me , was the language of the immaculate Lamb when he went to a shameful and a painful death : and why should he , which yeelds up his soul with comfort , leave his body to be covered with so must forrow ? Those which live in impiety , and depart in their iniquity , they which have here provoked the wrath of God , and goe hence with that wrath abiding on them , as they could create nothing to their relations but sorrow in their life , so must they necessarily increase it at their death . But Jacob was a Patriarch , of eminent and constant piety , particularly and remarkably belov'd of God , highly blessed by him , and powerfully blessing in his name ; and yet when Jacob dyeth , Joseph weepeth : And be made a mourning for his pious Father . Thirdly , Death is nothing else but a change of a short and temporary , for an unalterable and eternal condition . From whence it followeth , that those which die in their sins , from thence begin to feel those torments which shall never cease : and therefore they leave behind them a sad occasion of grief and sorrow to such as are apprehensive of the pains they feel . If the Rich man in the Gospel were so careful of his surviving brethren , and so concerned in their welfare ; if they had as well understood his sad and irreversible condition , what floods of tears would they have shed for him who call'd so earnestly for a drop of water to cool his tongue ! But as for such as pass from hence into a place of rest and joy , who change the miseries of this sinful world for the blessed presence of a good and gracious God ; weeping at their departure , may seem improper and unkind officiousness , as 't were a sorrow for their happiness , and envy at their felicity . Now the soul of Jacob was certainly at rest , and Joseph sufficiently assured of his happiness . He knew that his Father was heir of the same promise with Abraham : for he looked for a City which hath foundations , whose builder and maker is God ; he dyed in faith , & imbraced the promises ; he confessed that he was a stranger on the earth , and that he sought a better country , that is , an heavenly ; and therefore God had prepared for him a City , & he was in the bosome of Abraham , the place of felicity . But the happiness of his soul is no excuse to Joseph for the Funeral tears due at the interment of his body . And he made a mourning for his happy Father . Fourthly , many persons expiring give too sad occasions of sorrow to their relations left behind : they which depend upon them , whose subsistance liveth and dyeth , and whose hopes are buried with them , may go to their graves with unfeigned tears , lamenting not so much the departure of their friend , as their own loss ; something they may weep for them , and more for themselves . But the death of Jacob was not of any such condition ; there could no disadvantage arise from that to Joseph , no interest of his could suffer by it . He had already blessed all his Sons , and Joseph principally ; there could be no more of heavenly favours expected from his prayers or prophesies . Had he dyed before he laid his hands upon Ephraim and Manasseth , had Joseph and his Sons been absent when he blessed the rest , he might have sadly mourned for the loss of his Father , and of the Benediction . If Esau lift up his voyce and wept , because he was defeated of the blessing while Isaac lived , Joseph might well have made a mourning , had he been prevented of the Benediction by an unexpected or a distant death . But Jacob blessed them , and with his blessing gave order for his burial , and with that blessing and that order dyed . And as his death was no way prejudicial to the spiritual , so was it not at all disadvantageous to the temporal condition of his Son. He suffered loss of no enjoyments by his Fathers death ; Jacob had lived long by the favour and the care of Joseph , his filial gratitude alone preserv'd his life ; but no such narrow thoughts abated the freeness of Joseph's forrow . And he made a mourning for his Father . If none of these considerations , which work so powerfully on other persons , did move this Mourner to express such sorrow , what were the Motives then which caus'd so deep a sense , what meditations wrought so powerfully on the heart of Joseph ? I answer , they were but two , Mortality , and Paternity ; the one supposed , the other expressed in the text : Jacob was the Father of Joseph , and that Father dead , and therefore Joseph mourned for him . Mortality is a proper object to invite our pity , and privation of life alone sufficient to move compassion in the living . Weep for the dead , faith the Son of Sirach , for he hath lost the light . If for no other reason , yet because a man is dead , and by death deprived of those comforts which those that live enjoy , they which survive may providently bewail their future privation in his present loss . Thus every Grave-stone bespeaks or expects a tear ; as if all those eyes which had not yet lost their light , were to pay the tribute of their waters to the dead Sea. This Fountain Nature never made in vain , nor to be alwayes sealed up ; that heart is rock which suffers it never to break forth ; and be it so , yet if the rod of Moses strike , an affliction sent from God shall force it . Let us therefore be ready with our sorrowful expressions when we are invited by sad occasions ; especially when a Father , who may command them , calls for them , as that Wise man did , My Son , let tears fall down over the dead . And if paternal authority demands them at the death of others , it is no filial duty which denies them to attend upon a Fathers Funeral . Joseph a man of a gracious and a tender heart , moved with common objects of compassion , had a vulgar forrow arising from the consideration of mortality ; Joseph a Son full of high affection and of filial duty and respect , was touched with a far more lively sense by the accession of paternity : And he made a mourning for his Father : he made a mourning for his Father , which begat him ; for his Father , which loved him ; for his Father , which blessed him ; for his Father , which had mourned for him ; for his Father , which came down to die with him . First , he made a mourning for his Father who begat him : had there been no other but that naked relation , it had carryed with it a sufficient obligation . There is so great an union between the Parent and the Child , that it cannot break without a deep sensation . He which hath any grateful apprehension of his own life received , cannot chuse but sadly resent the loss of that life which gave it . If the fear of the death of Croesus , by a natural miracle could unty the tongue of his Son who never spake before ; that man must be miraculously unnatural , the flood-gates of whose eyes are not open'd at his Fathers Funerals , though he never wept before . The gifts of grace do not obliterate , but improve nature ; and it is a false perswasion of Adoption , which teacheth us so far to become the sons of God , as to forget that we are the sons of men . Joseph a person high in the esteem of Pharaoh , higher in the favour of God , great in the power of Egypt , greater in the power of the Spirit , yet he forgets not his filial relation , yet he cannot deny his natural obligation , but as a pious Son , he payes the last tribute of his duty to Jacob ; And he made a mourning for his Father , who begat him . Secondly , he made a mourning for his Father , who loved him . Love , when in an equal , commandeth love ; and this is so just , that fire doth not more naturally create a flame . In this the similitude is so great , that there is no difference in the nature of the love produced , and that which did produce it . But when it first beginneth in a superior person , the proper effect which it createth in an inferior , is not of a single nature , but such a love as is mingled with duty and respect . The love of God to man challengeth love from us , but that of such a nature as cannot be demonstrated but by obedience ; and that of a Father to his Son is of the same condition , though not in the same proportion . The Father loveth , first with care and tenderness , with a proper and a single love ; the Son returns it with another colour mingled with duty , blended with respect . Now Jacob had many children , and as an eminent example he lov'd them all : but among the rest , there was one clearer and warmer flame ; for be loved Joseph more then all his children : the off-spring of Rachel , the Son of his old age , the Heir of his Vertues , the Corrector of his Brethren , the Beloved of God , had a greater share in Jacobs affection then the rest of his issue . He did not so much prefer his wives before his hand maids , he did not so highly value Rachel before Leah , as he did esteem Joseph before the off-spring of them all . This was the paternal love of Jacob , and this was answered with as high a filial respect in Joseph ; which after death could not otherwise be expressed then in tears ; And therefore he made a mourning for his Father , who loved him . Thirdly , he made a mourning for his Father , who had blessed him . Blessing is the soveraign act of God , and the power of benediction like the power of God. He delegateth this power unto his Priests , who stand between God and Man , and bless the Sons of men in the name of God. He derives the same upon our natural Parents , that children honoring them may expect his blessing upon their desires and prayers . And what greater favour could we ask of God , then that those persons who have the most natural affection toward us , should also have the greatest power to bless us ? Now when the time drew nigh that Israel must die , when his body drew nearer to the Earth , and his soul to Heaven , when his desires were highest , and his words of the greatest efficacy , he called unto his Sons , and blessed them , every one according to his blessing he blessed them . But as he loved Joseph more then all his Brethren , so he blessed him above them all : he made one Tribe of every Son , and two of him : his affection shew'd it self Rhetorical in his Benediction , saying , The blessings of thy Father have prevailed above the blessings of my Progenitors : unto the utmost bounds of the everlasting hills they shall be on the head of Joseph , and on the crown of the head of him that was separate from his Brethren . Giving this Benediction , Jacob dies ; receiving this Blessing , Joseph survives , who can render no other Retribution after his death , but care of his Burial , and tears at his Funeral . And therefore he made a mourning for his Father , who had blessed him . Fourthly , he made a mourning for his Father , who had mourned for him . The Parents cares and fears are equal , and when any infelicity betides their children , their griess are great ; and all these bear a proportion with their love . Now the love of Jacob to Joseph was transcendent , and being so , it rais'd as high an hatred in the hearts of his Brethren ; by which he was , in their intention , and in his Fathers opinion , dead . And now the Funeral is Joseph's , let us see how Jacob does appear . He rent his clothes , and put sackcloth upon his loins , and mourned for his Son many dayes . Here is a real demonstration upon a supposed death , and a serious mourning at a feigned Funeral . Had his dearest Son been dead , yet he might well take comfort in his numerous off-spring , but he did not ; for all his Sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him ; but he refused to be comforted : and he said , for I will go down into the grave unto my Son mourning ; thus his Father wept for him . Thus it pleaseth God to permit this happy deceit of envious Brethren , this pious mistake of an affectionate Father , not only for a great example of Paternal love , but also to teach all Sons to measure their griefs at their Fathers death , by a consideration of those sorrows which their Parents would have expressed , had they dyed before them . Howsoever Joseph was but just in this : he made a mourning for his Father , who had mourn'd for him . Lastly , he made a mourning for his Father , who came down to die with him . It was the old expression of Parents comfort , that at their deaths they might have their children to close their eyes ; and it hath been equally the desire of children to be made happy by that occasion , in shewing the last testimony of their duty at their Parents Death . Now Jacob who upon the supposed death of Joseph , had said , I will go down into the Grave unto my Son ; upon the certain intelligence of his life and safety , resolveth to go down and die with him . For when he saw the Waggons which Joseph sent , and his spirit revived , Israel said , it is enough : Joseph my Son is yet alive , I will go and see him before I die : and when Joseph first presented himself unto him in the land of Egypt , the first words he spake were these , Now let me die , since I have seen thy face , because thou art yet alive . Now he which said at first , I will go and see him before I die , and when he saw him , said , Now let me die , resolved nothing in that journey but to die with Joseph . And he made a mourning for his Father , who came down to die with him . For all these reasons Joseph mourned ; for his Father , who begat him , remembring his natural generation ; for his Father , who loved him , not forgetting his singular affection ; for his Father , who had blessed him , considering his double Benediction ; for his Father , who had mourned for him , meditating a pious retaliation ; for his Father , who came down to die with him , embracing the opportunity of a dutiful expression . And thus I close up the first general part of the Text , or the Solemnization of the Obsequies . The Second general Part of the same , presents us with the Continuation of the Solemnity . Which ministers a double Consideration , one as consisting of not many dayes , the other as determining how many dayes . And he made a mourning for his Father seven dayes . Immediately after Jacobs death in Egypt , forty dayes were fulfilled for his embalming , and the Egyptians mourned for him threescore and ten dayes . They which have no hope of a life to come , may extend their griefs for the loss of this , and equal the dayes of their mourning with the years of the life of man. But so tedious a Funeral Solemnity is a tacite profession of Insidelity . When Moses went up into the Mountain of Nebo , and dyed there , the children of Israel wept for him in the plains of Moab thirty dayes . The plains of Moab were nearer to the Land of promise then Egypt was , and some light of the joyes of the life to come was discovered under the Law , and therefore more then half of the Egyptian Solemnity was cut off by the Faith of the Israelites . But this Patriarchal Funeral was made in Canaan , the Land of promise , the Type of Heaven ; it was appointed by Joseph a blessed Patriarch , and a Type of Christ : it continued some dayes , to declare his natural affection , but those not many , to express his religious expectation . Had it been extended longer , it had demonstrated more of duty , but less of faith , he had shew'd himself more a Son , but less a Patriarch . But now he is become a great Example , in mourning some dayes , of filial duty ; in mourning few dayes , of Divinity . Which is our first Consideration . The Second leads us to the determinate number of the dayes , which are expresly . Seven . And he made a mourning for his Father seven dayes . The Jews took special notice of this act of Joseph , and in the land of Canaan observed the number of these dayes , Seven dayes do men mourn for him that is dead , faith the Son of Sirach ; and though it be not unto us a law , yet it is a proper subject of our Observation . It was afterward one of the laws of Moses , He that toucheth the dead body of any man , shall be unclean seven dayes . And therefore well did Joseph teach the Israelites to mourn the same number of dayes , that with their tears of natural affection , they might mingle some thoughts of their natural pollution . Again , the number of Seven is the number of rest , In six dayes the Lord made Heaven and Earth , the Sea , and all that in them is : and he rested on the Seventh day from all his works which he had made . Now Joseph knew that there remaineth a rest to the people of God , he was fully assured that as the dayes of the years of his Fathers pilgrimage were evil , so they ended in rest and happiness : that as sure as his body was past all weariness and pain , so his soul was placed above all possibility of grief or sorrow . A Dove brought Noah word into the Ark that waters were on the face of the Earth , and he stay'd seven dayes , and then the Dove sent forth returned , and loe , in her mouth was an Olive leaf pluckt off , so Noah knew that the waters were abated from off the earth . If we mourn for the death of any person departed , and the waters appear upon the face of man , yet after the seventh day , when the Olive leaf is pluckt , when we have considered the peace , and rest , and joyes of the souls departed in the fear of God , 't is time for the waters to abate , for mourning to cease . Thirdly , the number of Seven is the number of holiness : as God rested the seventh day , so blessed , and hallowed it . Seven dayes Aaron and his Sons the Priests were consecrated ; seven dayes an Attonement was made , and the Altar was sanctified . Seven dayes hath Joseph set apart for his Fathers Funeral , to shew that mourning for the dead is something sacred , the tenth of the Egyptian mourning , an act of Piety , a part of Religion . The Jews observed that the Circumcision was deserred till the eighth day , that a Sabbath might pass upon the child , and so sanctifie it before it was circumcised ; and Joseph appointeth seven dayes for mourning , one of which must necessarily be that day which God blessed and sanctified in the beginning , to procure a blessing upon that duty , and to sanctifie his sorrow . Upon which seasonable Consideration I shall take leave to conclude my meditations on the Text , and apply my self to the present Solemnity , which gave the occasion to consider it : that I may make such use of the work of this holy day , as may sanctifie the sorrow of it . And now , most Honorable Sir , the Joseph of this time , the chief Mourner of this day , be pleased to endeavour the Sanctification of your mourning , by these reflexive Meditations . First , learn from hence to meditate upon your own Mortality , and be now assured , by this neer and home example , that your self shall die . This may seem but a cold monition , but a dull reflection ; every Grave preacheth that Doctrime , and every Skeleton readeth as good a Lecture : when we come into the House of God , our feet will learn thus much , and the ground we tread upon will thus far instruct us . 'T is true , the examples of our mortality are numerous , but they are not equally efficacious ; the nearer our relations are to those which die , the more we are concerned in their death , and there is none so neer in his concernment as that of the Father and Son. There is a difference between the language of the Scriptures , and such a Prophet as Nathan was ; one tells us that all men are sinners , the other says , thou art the man. So common Funerals tell us all men are mortal , but that of a Father speaketh not only plainly , but particularly , thou art so . From his vivacity the Son receiveth life , and in his death must read his own departure . 'T is possible to imagine an immortal family , and then the deaths of others concern'd that not : but where the Father 's dead , there can be no pretence or thought of immortality . Beside there 's something more then propinquity of nature in a Father : Religion teacheth us that our dayes are otherwise bound up in our Parents lives . Remember the first Commandement with Promise , Honorthy Father and thy Mother , that thy dayes may be long in the land : consider that you have lost in his death all further opportunity of improving the hopes of that promise ; and that you stand now only , as to him , upon what comfort you have in your former duty , and in your past obedience . Thus learn to fix a more immediate and more concerning meditation of your own mortality , upon the death of him , in whose life yours was involved both by a natural and spiritual dependance . Secondly , reflect upon that love and entire affection which you have lost ; and could no otherwise be lost , but by losing him , in whom it lived . Love is of that excellent nature , that it is esteemed by the best of men , and accepted from the meanest persons ; what then is the affection of a Father ! what is the purity of that fire which God and Nature kindles in the brest of man ! what were the flames which ever burnt upon the Altar of your Fathers heart , who never hated any man ! See but the nature of Paternal love in David ; who , when Absalom , his Son , but a most rebellious Son , openly sought his life and Crown , and dyed in that unnatural attempt , went up into his chamber and wept , and as he went , thus he said , O my Son Absalom , my Son , my Son Absalom ; would God I had dyed for thee , O Absalom my Son , my Son : Measure by this example the affection you have so lately lost , who never gave any offence as Absalom did , and yet had in your Fathers eye all the reasons of love which Absalom could have . Know then you make a mourning , as Joseph did , for a Father that loved you : remember that the love of Jacob was divided between twelve Sons , and therefore , though it was high , it could not be whole and entire to Joseph , as for many years your Fathers hath been unto you . Thirdly , I speak not this out of design to renew or advance your grief , to tell you what you have lost alone ; but I propound this privation , that I may contrive it for your imitation , endeavouring to stir up the same fire , and to kindle the same affection in your self , who now are wholly to be considered in the same relation . What you were to him , others are now to you ; and what he was to you , you are now wholly unto them . Before your natural affection was partly taken up with duty , respect , honour and obedience , due to a Father from a Son ; it is now taken off from those expressions , as to him , that it may descend the more entire upon those which come from you , as you from him . Thus far you have been the Joseph of the Text , be now the Jacob ; that those two great names may be concealed not only in the Text , but in your breast . Thus far you have been the better part of Absalom , learn now to be the David : that we may truly say , that tender affection , that Paternal love , dyed not with your Father , but survives in you to your and his posterity . Fourthly , I desire you to look not only upon that which you have lost , but also upon that which he hath left behind him . Vulgar and common persons , as they carry nothing out of this world , so they leave nothing in it : they receive no eminency in their birth , they acquire none in their life , they have none when they die , they leave none a●… their death . But honorable persons , as they die like common men , so that only dyeth with them which was common unto all degrees of men ; their singular respects , the priviledges of their greatness , their honors survive them , and descend unto their Heirs with their Inheritance . Give me leave then yet to speak unto you as to the Heir of your Fathers Honors ; consider what the nature and design of honors are ; remember they were first graciously conferred as a reward of the vertues of your Ancestors , and were as wisely continued upon a presumption , and as an encouragement , of the same vertures in their Successors . Your Honor knows how long the greatness of your Family hath been preserved : acknowledg first the vigilant providence and infinite goodness of God in the preservation of it , while so many glorious Titles have been lost , so many Noble Families cut off . Next , study to preserve and advance it further by the exercise of those vertues upon which it was first built , and hath been since continued : endeavour to uphold not only your own , but the very name of Honor in this Age , in which partly the want of such vertues as are necessary to support it , partly the weakness of that power which first gave life unto it , partly the unreasonableness of foolish men who endeavour to cast a dis-esteem upon it , have too much eclipsed the glory of it . Lastly , as I have advised you , with the Son of Sirach , to let tears fall upon the dead , and to use lamentation as he is worthy ; so I shall conclude with his following advice , when that is done , then comfort thy self for thy heaviness ; that is , not only be comforted after sorrow , that consolation may succeed your griefs , this is the common revolution of the world : not only be comforted in lieu of your sorrow , that consolation may recompense your griefs , that were but a vulgar compensation ; but take comfort in your sorrow , and rejoyce in your self that you have been so happy as to be truly sad . There is so much deceitfulness in the heart of man , so much hypocrisie in Funeral mourning , that you may bless God for your own assurance of the sincerity of your natural affection , and religious respect to your Parents , and take delight in a just expectation , that it will be rewarded by the future respect of your children . So having performed the duty of Joseph , who made a mourning for his Father , you may expect the blessing of Joseph given by the mouth of Jacob for whom he mourned , Joseph is a fruitful bough , even a fruitful bough by a Well , whose branches run over the Wall. That this Benediction may be your Honors portion , shall be my constant prayer , By the God of thy Father who shall help thee , and by the Almighty , who shall bless thee with blessings of heaven above , blessings of the deep that lyeth under , blessings of the breasts and of the womb . Amen , Amen . THE TRUE ACCOUNTANT . SERMON L. PSAL. 90.12 . So teach us to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts unto wisdome . SUch is the pravity of our natures , ever since the first fall of Adam , as that we prove very apt Scholars to learn that which is ill , but we are very dull and backward to mind any thing that is good . We want no teaching to set us forwards in the wayes of wickedness , but in the performance of the least good , we are not able to move one step , without the guidance and direction of the holy Spirit of God. Therefore it is a good prayer of David for every one of us , Psal . 143.10 . Teach me to do thy will , for thou art my God ; thy Spirit is good , lead meinte the land of uprightness . There are many Teachers abroad in the world , and more than know how to teach aright ; and there are many Doctrines which are dayly prest and intruded upon the weak and simple , and more than are useful and saving : But there is but Unum necessarium , one thing that is needful , one thing in special to be minded and looked after , even so to live , as that we may become wise for Eternity , so to walk on earth , as that we may be fitted for Heaven . This is the main Doctrine we are to learn , and our Instructer is God. We have none to teach us but God , and we have no other way to implore this favour of God , but by our prayers in the words of Moses ; So teach us , &c. You know the Penman of this Psalm by the Inscription , A Prayer of Moses the man of God ; and I think it is safer to keep to the letter of the Text , than to busie your thoughts with the various and doubtful conjectures we meet with in ancient and modern Expositors . The Text is a Prayer to God to teach us the true Art of Arithmetick , to make us true Accountants for Heaven , how we may know to number our dayes aright . In this Prayer we meet with two things : First , what he begs of God ; 1. To number his dayes . 2. To be taught this duty . 3. To be taught it in such a manner ; So teach us . Secondly , the end wherefore he begs this of God , That we may apply , &c. The end is the gain of true wisdome , to make us wise for Heaven . And here we have , 1. The kind and nature of this wisdome , what this wisdome is , of which Moses here speaks , and that is in making the best provision we can for the eternal welfare of our Souls . 2. The subject of it , our Hearts . 3. The means of obtaining this wisdome , and that is by the consideration and thought of Death . By the careful numbring of our dayes we attain this wisdome . The meditation of Death makes us truly wise . Before we fasten upon the Text , we will take a survey of the Context , which stands thus : 1. Observe , Moses having spoken of the wrath of God in the foregoing verse , Who knoweth the power of thine anger ? even according to thy fear , so is thy wrath ; of the sudden he betakes himself to prayer . The thought and consideration of Gods anger makes us to pray . 2. Observe here , after that Moses had given us a description of the wrath of God , presently his thoughts are taken up with the meditation of Death . The wrath of God thought on , makes us to think of Death . First , of the first : the anger of God meditated upon , makes us to fly to our prayers . The fear of this quickned the devotion of Jehoshaphat , 2 Chron. 20.3 . And Jehoshaphat feared , and set himself to seek the Lord. He feared , therefore he prayed . The thought of Gods anger may well bring us upon our knees , and when danger approacheth , it is high time to seek the Lord. The Romans made Fear a god , and worshiped it for a god ; the Indians worship the Devil , for fear he should hurt them ; and all this shews us , what a command fear hath over the hearts of men to make them to pray . They that never think of God in the day of prosperity , will hasten to call upon him in the day of trouble . The text sayes , When the ship was ready to sink , the marriners were afraid , and every man cryed unto his God , Joh. 1.5 . A man will never sooner acknowledg a Deity , then in the midst of his fears . Such is the base spirit of man , as that the long-sufferance and patience of God makes some men turn meer Atheists . Therefore it is that so many believe there is no God , saith Tertullian , quia seculo iratum , tam diu nesciunt , because they do not see that God is angry with the World ; they feel not the wrath of God , therefore they conclude he is no God ; and as long as God holds off from punishing , they hold off from praying . His Judgments prove him a God , when his Mercies cannot perswade the world so much . Every man hastens to seek the Lord when he is angry ; his Justice terrifies us , his Mercy hardens us ; his Goodness makes us to rebel , his Anger teacheth us to pray ; we forget God when he is gracious , and fly amain to him when he threatens . Let us often think of the wrath of God , and let the thought of it so far work upon us , as to keep us in a constant awe and fear of God ; and let this fear drive us to God by prayer , that fearing as we ought , we may pray as we are commanded , and praying , we may prevent the wrath of God. If our present sorrows do not move us , God will send greater ; and when our sorrows are grown too great for us , we shall have little heart or comfort to pray . Let our fears then quicken our prayers , and let our prayers be such as are able to avercome our fears : so both wayes shall we be happy , in that our fears have taught us to pray , and our prayers have made us to fear no more . Now is the time for us to pray , before grief wax too strong for us ; for the time may come , when we shall not be able to pray , by reason of the sense and feeling of the wrath of God upon us . Now our prayers in the time of health may be as Incense before the Lord , as a sweet odour in the nostrils of God : but if we neglect to offer up this Incense , we must look for the Incense of Vengeance to fall down upon us , Apoc. 8.5 . If God take the Cenfer in his hand , and fill it with the fire of his wrath , then follows nothing but thundrings , lightnings , and terrible commotions in the Soul. Vespasian Gonzaga , gave for his Symbol three Flashes of Lightning , the first did touch , the second did burn , the third did rend and tear in pieces . The first affliction haply may lightly touch and affect us , the second may scare us , and stir up the fire of devotion in us , but the third will prove so terrible , as that it will tear asunder all our prayers , & so terrifie our spirits , as that we shall not be able to pour out our complaints before the Lord , or acquaint him w th our troubles . The anger of God at the first may be but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as a little Cloud , as big as a Mans hand , but if we neglect it , it may break out upon us with that fierceness & violence , as that it may interrupt our prayers , and hinder the ascent of them to the Throne of Grace . Therefore before the wrath of God break forth upon us , let us seriously think of it , and prevent it by our prayers : Let a timely fear incite our prayers , and quicken our devotion . This holy fear will kindle an holy devotion in our hearts , and as a watchful keeper of the heart , shall suffer no thoughts to break forth , but such as shall amount alost to Heaven . As cold water makes the fire more fierce and vehement ; so does this fear make our prayers more earnest and servent . And this is our first Observation , The fear of Gods wrath drives us to our prayers , and makes us the more importunate with God for mercy . The second Conclusion now follows , which ariseth , from the Context , after the prophet had given us a description of the wrath of God , he pitcheth his next thoughts upon Death ; And this brings in our next Observation . The wrath of God thought upon , makes us to think of Death . He that ruminates upon the wrath of God which he hath incurr'd by sin , must needs think of Death , the sad effect of sin . When I remember how far I have provoked the anger of a just God by Sin , I cannot choose but think of Death . This was Jobs case , who while he was under the wrath of God , and felt not the comfort of the pardon of his Sins , he did imagine there was no other way but death with him , Job 7.21 . Why dost thou not pardon my transgression , and take away mine iniquities ? for now shall I sleep in the dust , and thou shalt seek me in the morning , but I shall not be : As if he had said , Deliver me , O Lord , from thy wrath , and grant me the pardon of my sins , otherwise I am but as a dead man before thee . Solomon speaks of the wrath of a King , Pro. 16.14 . that it is as messengers of death ; Surely then the wrath of God may very well be a Messenger sent from God to put us in mind of Death . If the Wrath of man be so fierce , what is the wrath of God ? if the frown of a King strike a man dead , what power is there in the looks of an angry God to bring us to nothing ? If the smoke of mans anger can do this , what cannot the flame of Gods wrath do , even consume us to very ashes ? Does the fear of Gods Wrath put us in mind of Death ? 1. This discovers our own guilt , what a weight of sin lies upon our Souls ; otherwise , what reason had we to tremble at the denunciation of Gods wrath against us , if we were not conscious to our selves of a world of wickedness which harbours in our breasts ? Were we not privy to a masse of Corruption lurking within us , the fear of death would never affright us . A strong wind is able to shake and bend the strongest tree , and the wrath of God will make the most godly man alive to quake and tremble , Imagine the easiest death that is , it cannot be but that Nature will have some struglings with it . It is impossible to die such a death , as shall have no pangs to attend upon it . Thus it is even in the death of the greatest Saints , there must needs be some strivings and wrestlings in the Conscience with the wrath of God. The heart of no Christian is so far quieted and appeased at the hour of death , as that all fear is banished out of it , and a man hath not the least remembrance of sin , and of the wrath of God due to sin , lodging in his breast . This holy fear is in the best of Gods children , and proves as an excellent preparative for death . He is best fitted for Death , that meditates of tenof the wrath of God due to sin . We see we have many occasions presented to us , to put us in mind of Death ; we are never without some Watchword or other to beat the remembrance of Death into our thoughts . David had Death ever in his eye , Psal . 119.109 . My soul is continually in my hand ; like a Souldier he carried his life in his hand , and was prepared for the next encounter , and made ready for it . In all the Judgments of God , Death , like the ashes which Moses sprinkled , is scattered and cast over all our heads . Death like the Hand-writing upon the wall , appears in all our families , and shews it self in our houses , and in all places we come into : whithersoever we go , wheresoever we abide , we want not many representations of Death before our eyes . Let us therefore at all times and in all places think of the wrath of God , and let the consideration and thought of this make us to consider and remember our latter end , that come it never so soon , this day before the next , we may not be unprovided for it . We have done with the Context : Now let us take a view of the Text it self . The first thing that presents it self before us , is the matter of Moses his Prayer , and that is to teach us the true Art of Arithmetick , and make us good Accountants in the numbring of our dayes . 1. The dayes that are past must be numbred . 2. The dayes that are yet to come . As God commanded the several mansions and places of abode , where the Israelites did make any stay , to be all numbred in a peculiar book entitled for that purpose , The Book of Numbers : So God would have us to take a special account of all our dayes , and to reckon up those that are past , and those that are to come ; to consider how long we have liv'd , and how long we have yet to live . 1. Our dayes that are past must be numbred . David recounted the number of his dayes , and found them to be wasted to nothing , vanish'd away like smoke , Psal . 102.3 . My dayes are consumed like smoke . Our years consume and wear away , and every day we rise , we draw nearer and nearer to Corruption . 1. We must reckon with our selves what is spent of our years , how many are past and gone ; like a man that runs a race , he looks back and considers how far he hath run already . A good Christian calls to mind the whole course of his life , and counts with himself , how many years are gone over his head , how much time he hath lost , and cannot be recovered again . 2. We must recount with our selves , what is over-past of the goodness of our years , what good we have omitted , how many precious opportunities we have lost , which we might have employed to Gods Glory , and the furtherance of our own Salvation . A good Christian reckons up every sin that is past , wherein he fail'd , and came short of the good he might have done , how he might have amended what was amiss , if he had not been negligent and careless ; like an exact Limner , that looks over the Table to spy out what errours have escap'd him , and if he find any , he presently corrects them , before he draw off his hand from the Table . The like ought we to do , and take a view of the several actions of our lives , and consider where we have been peccant , and seek to amend what is defective , before we pass out of this world , when it will be too late to cast up our Accounts , and instead of numbring a few years in this life , we shall be forc'd to number up innumerable years of sorrow and grief in another world . This serves for the just Reproof of those that promise to themselves many and many years to come , and yet never remember the years that are past ; they presume they have time enough to spare , and yet never consider how much time they have spent already . The fool in the Gospel befools himself with the hope of longer life , but never makes reckoning of the years that are past , Luke 12.19 . Soul , thou hast much goods laid up for many years . We are good Accountants for the world , but not for ourselves in what concerns the good of our Souls . We can count our Money , our Goods , our Lands , but not our Years , which we have mis-spent in vain : we can reckon up the years of others , but not our own ; we can easily sum up the frailties of our brethren , but we cannot cast up our own ; we know the frailties of other men , but we are ignorant of our own . Where 's the man that brings to his remembrance the sins of his years that are past ? who is there among us that reckons how many Sabbaths he hath profaned , how many vain Oaths he hath uttered , how many Lies he hath told , how often he hath wrong'd his Neighbour by Deceit , Fraud , Injustice and Oppression , how often he hath abus'd the good Creatures of God through Riot , Excess and Intemperance ? How many soever our sins are that we have committed , they are all forgotten ; what is past , it is to us as if it were never done . It is not so with such as truly fear God ; they make account of the least sin , and call to mind day by day the many errours of their lives . Holy men of God never have their sins out of their sight : David had them ever in his eye , Psal . 51.3 . My sin is ever before me ; it was never out of his thoughts , but continually before him , as matter of sorrow and grief to him . A true penitent cannot easily forget his sins , but thinks of them often , and is daily and hourly troubled for them ; but the careless sinner never makes any reckoning of his sins as soon as they are past , and the sweetness of the pleasure is once over . He numbers his sins indeed , but it is by Addition , and Multiplication , not by Substraction ; he continually adds to the old score , but never takes ought from it ; or if he do number them at any time , he makes but Cyphers of them , he slights and makes light of them , and thinks they stand for meer blanks . Let us make more reckoning of our sins , and take a strict account of them , and compute the sins of our youth , the sins of our grown years , the sins of our old age ; let us labour to know the full number of tale of them ; otherwise , if we do not take account of our sins , and daily number them , and sum them up as many as we can remember , God will number them for us , and one day bring them to our remembrance whether we will or no. God will return the like answer from heaven to us , as he did to Belshazzar the King , Dan. 5.26 . Mene , God hath numbred thy Kingdome , and finished it : Mene , God hath numbred thy dayes , and finished them . Better it is for us to number our own dayes , than leave them to God to number , and take such an exact account of them , as to inflict the severity of his wrath upon us for them : It is better for us to trouble our thoughts a little with the remembrance of sin , than to be tormented hereafter with the punishment of sin . Think then betimes of numbring thy sins , that thou maist prevent God numbring of them to thy endless shame and grief . 2. Our dayes that are to come must be numbred : we must reckon with our selves what dayes we have yet to spend , and labour to give a good account of the years that are yet behind . It was the prayer of David Psal . 39.4 . Lord , make me to know mine end , and the measure of my dayes what it is , that I may know how frail I am . As if he had said , Lord , Give me grace to consider how little a time thou hast allotted me here , that I may learn to die well . As the Sea-man numbers the degrees of the Sun , that he may the better provide himself to pass the AEquinoctial Line ; So ought we to number our dayes , that we may the better prepare our selves to pass the last Line of Death . God takes account of our very Hairs , they are all numbred by God. If God number our hairs for the discovery of his Providence towards us , then the argument holds a pari , that we should remember to number our dayes for the promotion of his glory , and the furthering of our own eternal welfare . Especially as many of us as are well stricken in yearts , it concerns us most to account with our selves what dayes we have yet to run out . A Traveller that is somewhat near the end of his journey , is the most curious and exact in counting the miles which he is yet to go : Even so the older we are , the more careful ought we to be of the dayes that are yet behind , and watchful of our time which yet remains to be spent in this Tabernacle of the flesh . Are our dayes to come to be numbred ? Surely then the last day is to be thought upon , even the last day of life which we shall see in this world . We spend all the rest of our dayes the better , when this last day is remembred by us . David had this day ever in his thoughts to provide for it , and he desired only to live to fit himself for that day , Psal . 39.13 . O spare me that I may recover strength , before I go hence and be no more . All dayes wait on this last Day , and the spending of all the dayes of our lives , tends only to the wise ordering of this last day . All our dayes are well spent , if we have made provision for this day . Thou hast lived well all thy dayes , if thy last day of life prove comfortable unto thee . Let us live so , as that we may have alwayes this day in our eye ; and the longer we live , let us strive the more to fit and dispose our selves for death by the serious consideration and meditation of this last Day . As a stone moves the faster to its Centre , so let us the nearer we are to Death , make the most hast to bid it welcome . Are we commanded to have an eye to the time that is yet to come ? Why then , this points out unto us the preciousness of our time , what an high esteem and value we are to set upon the dayes that are to come ; and seeing we have made so light of the time that is past , we must count the time that remains to be the more precious . There is not an hour in the day , not a minute of that hour , but ought to be highly prized and valued by us . Epictet us the Philosopher was of that esteem and account with all men , as that a Candle which he had made of Earth only , was sold for 3000 drachms . Whatsoever value or price men set upon other thngs , sure I am there is nothing we ought to prize at an higher rate , than our time . As we use to prize our Gold by grains , so ought we to value our time by minutes ; every minute of our time ought to be as precious in our account , as every grain of Gold. We will not lose the least drachm of Gold , neither ought we to ravel out the least scantling of time . Nay the very drops of our blood ought not to be more precious unto us , than the least scruples and particles of our time : Every minute of our time well improv'd , is an helping us forward to Eternity . Therefore we ought to prize every moment of our time , because Eternity bangs upon it . The second Request which Moses makes to God , is this , That he would vouchsafe to teach him this one lesson , to number his dayes : An hard lesson indeed , as hard as Pambo's was , who was fifteen years a learning that one verse of David , of guiding his Tongue . Psal . 39.1 . I said , I will take heed to my wayes , that I sin not with my tongue . But all the dayes of our lives will not be sufficient to learn this one lesson of numbring our dayes aright ; therefore we must fly to God to teach us to know our time : It is from God that we learn how to compute our time ; the wise ordering and managing of our time is taught us by God. David desired to know this of God , Psal . 119.84 . How many are the dayes of thy servant ? 1. It is a piece of Art , which none can teach us but God. A man may know how to number his dayes , but not how to guide his dayes : A Fool knows not how to make use of a Clock , nor an ignorant Christian how to spend his time aright , unless God teach him . Every man can tell how to count an Army , and reckon what men there are in it , but few know how to guide it , and to rank the Souldery in right File and Order : So it is easie for us to number our dayes , to count how old we are , how many years are gone over our heads , but to order our dayes aright , to know how to improve them to Gods glory , and our own benefit , this is beyond our Art and Skill , and God only is able to instruct us , and lead us in the right way , wherein we ought to walk . 2. It is from God that we are taught how to fit our selves for death . We are unwilling to hear of the approach of Death , and it is God that prepares us for the stroke of Death , and makes us willing to die . It is very unwelcome news to most of us , to hear that we must die , and be brought before God to give an account of our wayes and actions . When the Apostle Paul reasoned with Felix of Death and Judgment , he would fain have put off that unpleasing discourse till some other time , Act. 24.25 . Go thy way for this time , when I have a convenient season I will call for thee . We count no discourse so unseasonable and distastful to us , as for our Minister to put us in mind of Death ; there is time enough , we think , to consider of our latter end many years hence . It is a lesson soon learnt , and when we are fit for nothing else , then it is soon enough to think of Death . As slight as others make of this duty , let us pray to God to teach us the right knowledge of our time , that we may order our steps aright , and so lead our lives , as that we may provide for death , and be ready to give up our account to God , when he is pleased to summon us from hence . It was a good prayer of David , Psal . 13.3 . Lighten mine eyes , lest I sleep the sleep of Death . We have need of Gods direction and guidance in all our wayes , that he would teach us how to live , and how to die : while we live let us desire of God so to steer our course , as that we may lead the lives of holy and devout Christians . We desire to live , and have we no desire to live well ? what 's this life without godliness ? what is it to live , and to have our hearts all the dayes of our lives void of grace and piety ? Life without grace , is like beauty in a woman without discretion , Pro. 11.22 . Non est vivere , sed valere vita : It is no life , but a living death alwayes to live , and to want health and strength , which sweetens life , and makes it comfortable . So it is no life a Christian leads , where there is a want of piety in the heart . What is this to live , unless we know how to live well , and to make a right use of our time ? We must consider wherefore we live , even to improve our time to the best advantage for the saving of our Souls ; otherwise , we live like Beasts , not like Men , not like Christians : These silly brutes live in time , but know not the time in which they live : so careless Christians run out their time , but know not how to make use of their time ; they consume their time , but they do not increase it : Like Bankrupts that waste their stock , but never seek to improve it . We make a decoction of our time , as water is boil'd away from a fourth part to a third , and from a third to half : so we waste and consume our time , till we have no time left , even till we come to the last minute of life : why then while we have time , let us pray to God to teach us to use it aright , to give us grace to consider the time we spend , that we may make the best improvment of it , and as Esan did Jacob , hold time by the heel , and not suffer it to slip from us , without giving a good account to God , that we have imployed that time and space of life , which is allotted us here for the advancement of Gods glory and the purchasing of our own Salvation . We proceed to the third particular , that we go to God by prayer to teach us the right use of our time in a right manner , So teach us ; that is , Teach us so efficaciously , so powerfully , so constantly , as that we may attain to the true wisdome and knowledg of saving of our Souls . We must pray to God to teach us effectually Psal . 119.33 . Teach me , O Lord , the way of thy statutes , and I shall keep it unto the end . We can know nothing of heaven , unless the Spirit of God instruct us . There is a great Light in us , the Light of Nature , and this light is enough to condemn us , if we walk not according to this Light , this Light of Knowledg imprinted by God in our hearts ; and by this Light all Heathens are condemn'd : but this Light is not able to carry us half way to heaven . The Light of Nature cannot save us , but the light of Grace must bring us to the light of Glory . Esther was fain to stand a loof off in the Court , till the King reach'd forth his Golden Scepter to invite her nearer to him : Nature only leads us to the outward Court of Heaven , but Grace holds forth the Scepter to bring us into Heaven : Nature , like the faint heat of the Sun , draws up the vapours but a little way , it hath not strength enough to master our Corruptions ; but the heat and power of Gods grace is only able to dispel and vanquish them . It is only the work of Gods Spirit to shew us the right way to Heaven , and to guide us in that way . All lies in the Grace of God , and unless we are continually assisted , and carryed on by his gracious Spirit , we are never likely to come near the sight of Heaven . We have indeed many helps and furtherances to carry us to heaven , but none of these will avail us without God. The word of God is constantly preach'd in our ears , the Ministers of God are daily pressing us forward to heaven ; but what can the frail voice of man work upon the heart without the powerful influence of Gods holy Spirit . We Ministers , without God , are but as Gehazi's staff laid upon the dead Child ; we are no wayes able to raise the Soul from the death of sin to the life of righteousness , unless God first breath upon it , and infuse the life of Grace into the dead heart of the sinner . Let this teach us not to rest in our selves , or any outward means for the purchasing of the joyes of heaven , but place our whole trust and confidence in the living God. What 's all the Light of Reason but darkness it self , to bring us to the Light Everlasting ? All humane wisdome is but a false Light , which will lead us in the end to the pit of destruction . It is a good caution the Apostle gives us , Col. 2.8 . Beware lest any man spoil you through Philosophy and vain deceit . If we follow the false Light of Reason , it will deceive us and misguide us in our way to Heaven . Natural Reason haply may see the heavenly Canaan afar off , and have some stragling thoughts of the happiness of another world , but it shal never be able to get possession of heaven . The horns of this Altar shall never save any man that flies unto them . As the light is hid under a bushel , so nature is clouded and darkned with many mists of errour , and cannot reach the sight of heaven . In the second place , let us fly to God by prayer , that he would teach us effectually , and shew us the right way to heaven . Before we hear the Word of God , let us fall upon our knees , and beg of God to make it profitable and useful to our Souls . What makes the word of God so ineffectual ? how come we to gain so little comfort by the preaching of the Word ? Is it not because we do not pray to God to open our hearts , and make it useful to us , that we may attend to the word of Truth , and obtain Salvation by it ? The people , before the Law was published to them , were cleansed and sanctified by Moses to receive it , Exod. 19.14 . So ought we to Sanctifie our hearts by prayer , and desire of God to purge our Souls of the many pollutions of our sins , that we may gain a blessing by the Word of God , and return with joy and comfort from the house of God. It is prayer that makes the word of God profitable to our Souls ; it is like the Salt which Elisha threw into the waters to heal them : So does prayer make the word of God beneficial to us , and causeth us to relish the sweetness and comfort of it . The heart is like that Book sealed with seven Seals , which no man can open but God himself : Therefore let us pray to God to open our hearts , that we may receive instruction from the Word of God. There is no man can teach us effectually but God alone ; no man can shew us the right way to heaven but God. Therefore let us pray , So teach us , &c. We now come to the end , wherefore Moses begs of God to teach us to number our dayes ; That we may apply , &c. In which we meet with three particulars : 1. The kind and nature of this wisdome , wherein it consists ; and it is in making the best provision we can for the eternal welfare of our Souls . 2. The Subject of it , our Hearts . 3. The means of obtaining this wisdome , and that is by the meditation of Death . 1. Of the kind and nature of this wisdome , wherein it chiefly consists ; that is , in having an eye to heaven , in looking after the eternal welfare of our Souls . Our next Conclusion is this , It is the only true wisdome of a Christian to provide for his Soul. Then are we wise indeed , when we are wise unto Salvation , when we know how to provide for Eternity . True wisdome consists not in gathering riches , but in living in the fear of God , and ordering our steps so , as that we may make sure of heaven another day . It is our obedience to Gods Commandments , which cries us up for wise Christians in the repute of God and man , Deut. 4.6 . Keep therefore and do them ; for this is your wisdome and your understanding in the sight of the Nations , which shall hear all these statutes , and say , Surely this great Nation is a wise and understanding people . What is it for a man to be wise for the world and a fool for heaven ? what 's the wealth and honour of the world , to the happiness of the Soul ? what 's a man the better for being rich and honourable in this world , if in the end his Soul be lost ? Mat. 16.26 . What is a man profited , if he shall gain the whole world , and lose his own Soul ? What the people said of David , 2 Sam. 18.3 . Thou art worth ten thousand of us ; the like I say of the Soul , It is more worth than a thousand worlds ; and the Salvation of thy Soul is more to thee than the gaining of many worlds . What the man pleaded to Joab for not slaying of Absolom , 2 Sam. 18.12 . Though I should receive a thousand shekles of Silver in my hand , yet would I not put forth my hand against the Kings Son : The like maist thou reason within thy own breast , Though I might purchase the riches of a thousand worlds , yet would I not seek the destruction of my Soul : whatsoever thou dost , still have an eye to thy Soul , that that perish not in another world : what if all other things go amiss with thee in this life , ●…f thy Soul be in safety ? It is wisdome , I confess , to provide for the world , for the body , but the main wisdome is to provide for the Soul. Be careful of the outward man , but be sure thou dost not neglect the inward man. Provide for both , the body and Soul , but let thy chief care be for the Soul , which is thy better part . It was the Symbol of Rodolphus the second , Emperour of Rome , who gave an Eagle with a double Head , with the one he lookt upwards to the Sun , and with the other downwards upon the Earth , with this Motto , Utrumque , I have an eye to both . Thus it is Lawful for a Christian to look downwards to the Earth , and provide for the body ; but he must have one eye chiefly sixt upon the Soul , and in the first place provide for it : we must look directly to heaven , obliquely upon the earth ; fix our eyes upon the one , cast a glance upon the other . It becomes a Christian to consider what may become of him hereafter , and whither he is going . Consider thy beginning , from whence thou camest , and consider thy end , what will befal thee hereafter . He cannot be a wiser man , faith the Healthen , wo does not know either from whence he came , or whither he must go . Sure enough he cannot be a wise Christian , that knows not what will become of his Soul. It is by way of just Reproof of such as are wise for the world , but meer fools for heaven . The wisdome of the flesh is meer folly in the sight of God. Some men would be reputed wise in the world , and yet know not which way to take for the gaining of heaven : Such a man passeth in the world for a crafty subtile worldling , that knows how to mannage his affairs with the best advantage to himself , and yet he knows not a step of the way to heaven . It is a Maxime amongst the Jesuites , Uti scientia , to live by their shifts : so do many in the world , who have only a little wit to carry them out in secular affairs , and their brains serve them to gather a little wealth and muck , but they are meer Idiots in all that concerns heaven and salvation , and the purchasing of the true riches of the Soul. And yet see the fondness of these men , that though they know not which way to take to get heaven , yet they make themselves sure of it , as if Salvation and eternal life were within their reach and power to command it when they please . Papyrius Massonus writes of the Jesuites , that count themselves so wise , ut se putant soelo vel ipsi quandoque imperaturos , as that they think they shall one day have the command of heaven it self . The like presumption is in many Christians at this day , that they believe heaven is at their command , and they shall easily obtain it , though they do nothing for it . Oh shake off this folly ; make what provision thou wilt for other things , thou art but a fool if thou dost neglect thy Soul. As provident as the rich man was in the Gospel , God gave him the title of a Fool ; and Cajetan gives the reason of it , because he did not provide for himself in such things as were needful for the Salvation of his Soul. He is a fool that prefers and Apple before a piece of Gold , who keeps those things that are to be cast away , and neglects such things as are to be preserved ; who heeds not his house where he must abide for ever , and beautifies that place where he is to lodg but for a night . Such an one is he , that forgets his Soul , and is careful for all other things . Give me leave to speak the truth , and not alwayes to drop oyl into your ears , and speak unto you smooth things : Where shall we find the man that desires to save his soul , that would willingly part with this world to gain a better ? We daily hear the word of God , we talk much of Religion , we boast of our interest in heaven ; but when the matter comes to decision , when we are put to our choice , whether Heaven or Earth , whether we will forego the profits of this world for the love of heaven , this is the fiery Chariot which divides between Elijah and Elisha , which parts us and God , and makes us to cast away our hope of heaven for the love of earth . Let us labour for this main piece of wisdome , even to provide for the eternal well-being of our Souls . This is the only wisdome which will stand us in stead , when we grow wise for a better life . And that we may provide for the life to come , let us learn this point of wisdome , even to remember our latter end , & know how to die well ; Deut. 32.29 . Oh that they were wise , that they understood this , that they would consider their latter end . This is the wisdome of a Christian , to prepare himself for death , to be ever in a readiness to die , that when his change shall come , he may have this to comfort him , that whatsoever becomes of his body for the present , he hath made good provision for his Soul. He is the only wise Christian that provides for Eternity , and minds this only above all other things , how he may enjoy his God , and live with him for evermore . The Greeks have but one word to express a wise man and an happy man , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , signifies both , as if that were only to be accounted for true wisdome , which leads to Eternal Bliss and happiness . Herein is the wisdome of a Christian , in labouring to attain true Blessedness , even the sight and enjoyment of God for evermore . Oh blessed is the man that is so wise as to provide for Eternity , who dies with this comfort , that though his body moulder into dust and ashes for a time , yet his Soul shall rest in the arms of his Redeemer . The second particular now follows , and that is the subject of this wisdome , where it is seated , even in the heart and affection . This in brief is our next Conclusion , True wisdome is to be beloved and embrac'd ; Prov. 2.2 . If thou incline thine ear unto wisdome , and apply thine heart to understanding . Wisdome is the Mother of us all : Mat. 11.19 . Wisdome is justified of her children ; and it is fit the Mother should be loved of her children . The Urim was to be laid upon Aarons heart , Exod. 2.8 , 30. to note , that wisdome must be seated in the heart , there she must lodg and be entertain'd : the heart is only a fit Receptacle of wisdome , and there she must live and abide . The Queen of Sheba was so in love with the wisdome of Solomon , as that she took a tedious journey to give that wise King a visit , Mat. 12.42 . And behold , a greater than Solomon is here . What is Solomon to Christ ? what is the wisdome of man to the wisdome of God ? It is but as a Cloud to the brightness of the Sun , as the shadow to the substance ; and he that loves the wisdome of the World , and forsakes the wisdome of God , embraceth a shadow , and forgoes the substance . What can we love , if our hearts be not enamoured with wisdome ? There is nothing amiable but wisdome , and if we despise ber , what is there of this worlds good , whereon we many set our love and affection ? The learned men of old would only be called Philosophers , Lovers of Wisdome , not wise men , as if this were the highest perfection of wisdome , and no man was so wise , as he whose heart was enflam'd with the love of wisdome . It is not enough to know that which is good , but we must be in love with that good which we do know . Let us be in love with true wisdome , and embrace her as our only delight and joy . David bore an hearty affection to the commandments of God ; he made them his only delight and comfort , Psal . 119.24 . Thy Testimonies are my delight , and my counsellors . Let us not so much affect the things of this life , as to forgo all love of God and heaven : Let us not be slaves to the world , and despise the freedome which wisdome promiseth to them that love her : Let us not say as the servant of his Master , Exod. 21.5 . I love my Master , I will not go out free ; I love the world so well , as that I am content to be a Slave for ever , so I may have the wages which the world can give me . I value not the joyes of the life to come , so I may have the good things of this life for my portion . Oh for shame shake off the love of these vanities , and be in love with heaven , esteem nothing amiable but what is reserv'd for thee in another world . Let thy heart be set upon true wisdome , and do not suffer the fooleries and vanities of this world to steal away thy heart from God. Let wisdome be precious in thine eyes , and do not seem to love her , but love her in truth , and in heart . Let us not content our selves with a bare sight of heaven , with an outward view and speculation of the glory of heaven , but let us fasten our deepest thoughts and meditations upon it . Let us not speak of heaven , but let our hearts be ravished with the love of heaven . Our tongues are but the Suburbs of wisdome , but the heart is the City . Let not wisdome remain without the gate , in the mouth and outward profession of piety ; but let her be received into the City , and entertain'd with joy and gladness into the heart , and there rest and repose her self as in the bosome of her best beloved . And now that I may not have 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a tongue without a door , that cannot be governed , and kept within the compass of time . I hasten to the third particular , and that is the means were by we may attain this wisdome , and that is by numbring of our dayes . Our last observation is this , the consideration and meditation of death makes us wise , the remembrance of death makes us truly wise . The wise man shows us , who is wise , and who is a fool : Eccles . 7.4 . The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning , but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth . A wise mans heart is bent to sadness , and the serious meditation of his end , and makes choice of such mournful thoughts as will present death before his eyes ; the desires of a fool are carryed after unseasonable mirth and jollity , and he minds nothing less then the sad remembrance of his death . The thought of death casts a man into a melancholly fit , therefore he cannot away with it . What saies he ? Shall I think of that which torments and afflicts my Spirit , and causeth sadness and pensiveness of mind ? The remembrance of death it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a daily death , and the medication of our latter end is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a continual sorrow and vexation of the heart . But let careless Christians imagine what they please ; that which is a grief to them will prove no little joy and comfort to those , whose thoughts are taken up with the meditation of their latter end . When the hour of death approacheth , we shall account it the only wisdome to have fitted and disposed our hearts aright for the last day of our dissolution and departure out of this world . Heathens themselves were wont to say , that the chiefest wisdome , and the main study of Philosophy was only this , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , even a careful and serious thought of death . The memory of a Christian is never better employed , then when the thought of death is presented before it . This is our wisdome to consider and study how to die well . He is a wise man , whose memory serves him to think of death . The soundness of the stomack is the strengthening of all the rest of the parts of the body , so the vigour and strength of the memory in thought of death , is the chief support of the soul , and if the remembrance of death decay not in us , there is no want of wisdome in the soul . Is it the meditation of death that makes us wise ? Judge ye then how many fools there are in the world , that never entertain the least thought of death into their hearts , that live and run on in sin , and never think of the hour of death . It is the folly which the Prophet chargeth Ierusalem with , that she did not consider her latter end ; Lam. 1.8 . She remembreth not her last end , therefore she came down wonderfully . In the height of her pride she never thought of death . It is strange to see , that we should neither think of our own departure , nor heed the death of others , who are constant Monitors , and Remembrancers to us of our own frailty . If the Sun chance to be eclips'd , we stand amazed at the sight of that darkness , which over-spreads the face of that glorious body ; but we never regard the declining and eclipse of man , who is the more noble and glorious creature . If the Sun be darkned we wonder at it ; if man die , we never heed it . Why then let me stir up your thoughts to the meditation of death , that ye may be so wise ; as to have ever in mind the approach of death . 1. Let us think of others , that are daily going to their long homes . Do we not see some continually coming into the world , and others making as much speed out of the world , some entring upon the stage , others going off : As it is in the constant revolution of the heavens , some Stars rise , and others set and fall : so it is with the Sons of men , some live , others die , some daily come forth out of their Mothers wombs , others daily return to the womb of their common mother , even the earth , from whence they were taken . 2. Let us look upon our selves , and consider how neer death is approaching to us , and what hast it makes towards us . We know not how soon death may surprise us , therefore let us be so wise , as to provide for his coming . Death for all that we know is now digging of our graves ; even now he thinks of us , when we little think of him ; let us then be as watchful for death , as he is for us ; let us think of sickness in the time of health , and in the day of prosperity remember the hour of death . Even in the midst and height of all the glory and happiness of this world , let us bring into our remembrance the time of our change and dissolution . It is observeable , that at the very time of Christs glorions transfiguration , the conference which past between Christ and Moses , and Elias , was concerning the death of Christ , Luk. 9.31 . They speak of his decease , which he should accomplish at Jerusalem ; to shew unto us , that when we are in the height of our glory and honour , our thoughts should be busied with the remembrance of our death and departure out of this world . I do not like the proverb which is too frequent in your mouths , I thought of such a thing , no more then of my dying day . Let us remember the old Canon in another sense , Finis primus sit in intentione ; Let our end be first in our thoughts and intention ; let the time of our death be the first thing we think of either morning or evening , that so the constant thought of death may take away the terrour of death , and being so well acquainted with death before hand , we may never he terrified with the approach of it , but being guarded with faith and a good Conscience , we may boldly look death in the face , and triumph in the conquest of the Conquerour through Christ our Saviour , by whom we obtain victory over death , and the fruit and benefit of our conquest , even the Salvation of our souls in Jesus Christ . I have done with the text , now I fall upon the more careful part of this duty . We Ministers at such solemn times as these have an hard Province put upon us , in these occasions commonly the wind stands in our faces , and we have a crabbed Dilemma cast in our way , even that of Agathon in Athenaeus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . If we seek the truth ; we shall not please ; if we please , we shall hardly speak the truth . We walk between two fires , the displeasure of God , and the frown of man. We value not the latter , so we may not run the hazard of the former . Our chief care is in respect of God , that while we seek to give to breathlesse man a little breath of praise , we do not dare to dishonour the living God. And if this we aim at , we need not be afraid to give some satisfaction to the world , and right the honour of the dead , provide that while we seek to keep up the Fame of another , we do not lay to pawn our own reputations ; or which is far worse , make shipwrack of a good conscience . On the one hand charity binds me to speak all the good I can of my Neighbour , on the other hand conscience in joyns me to utter nothing but the truth . Therefore while charity guides me , and conscience awes me , I hope I may promise to my self a favourable construction from you of all that I now speak . I shall not flie out into any empty schemes of Rhetorick concerning the birth of this Worthy Knight , Sir William Armyne , well known and belov'd in these parts , ye all know his descent and extraction , he was cut out of no mean quarry . Here his bones now rest , where he once liv'd with honour , and many of his Ancestors before him . Do you think I lay any great weight upon all this ? It is not Birth , but Breeding ; not Breeding , but Geace that ennobles a Family . Blood without Manners is base Blood ; Manners without Grace , like a glorious Shadow without the Substance . I remember what a good man , mean of birth , answered one that was Noble in Blood , and base in Manners , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . As my Birth and Parentage is a shame to me , so art thou a shame to thy Birth . Grace in the heart , not Gold in the Purse , is the best Inheritance of a Christian . There are some stains in the best in the Purse , is the best Inheritance of a Christian . There are some stains in the best Coats , there are spots in the best Ermine . It is nothing to be born a Gentleman , it is all in all to live and die a good Christian . This was the sweet expression of this your honourable Neighbour , feeling a want of Grace in his heart , wherewith he desired to be satisfied , Oh , says he to me , one drop of grace in the heart , is more worth than all the wealth and honour in the world . I shall not commend to you the goodness of his Nature , the sweetness of his Disposition , because he bewailed it as a Snare , and an occasion of sin to him . A mans good Nature leads him many times into sin , and the loving temper of his spirit temps him , and puts him forward to sin . Where Grace does not command , there a good disposition is soon marr'd and drawn aside . This likewise was matter of grief to him , that his frail Nature was soon wrought upon , and carried aside to that which his own heart soon after told him was sinful and displeasing to God. What need I tell you , that he was an affable , friendly , and obliging Gentleman , winning and gaining upon all that came near him . He that look'd but upon his Face , might have seen goodness and courtesie looking out of his Eyes . And what 's all this , when he did acknowledge with tears , that this pleasantness of his countenance was suddenly clouded with a violent and over-ruling storm of passion , which carried him beyond himself . But it is strange to see what a command grace hath over the Soul , which speaks to these unruly passions , as Christ did to the boisterous billows of the Sea , Peace , be still , Mar. 4.39 . as easily as the Nurse charms the crying Infant in the Cradle . As prevalent as these passions were in the time of his health , they were so allayed by God in his sickness , as that all his friends about him did rejoyce to see the patience and calmness of his Spirit , all the while the hand of God was upon him . And that I may give you a clear proof of the mortified Spirit and happy change , which God wrought in his Soul. When I took the boldness to mind him of a late difference between himself and the Reverend Pastor of this place , he burst out with tears , and laid this charge upon me , That I would right him so far , as to acquaint him , that he did heartily desire him in particular to forgive him , and all other good Christians that he had wrong'd in the heat of his passion , either rich or poor . Judge ye now , what could I have spoken more for his honour , than I have done in this discovery of his frailty , and his happy conquest of it . Therefore I thought good to make this publication of it to the world , that ye may know ye never honour you selves more , than when ye glorifie God by shaming of your selves : when we are most vile in our own eyes , we are most honourable in the repute of God and good men . But all this that I have spoken , is nothing to that which is yet behind . Therefore go along with me a little further , and I shall in brief relate unto you such comfortable passages as fell from him in the time of his sickness , and then leave him to your Christian Charity to judge , how well he acted the latter part of his life , and with what earnestness of spirit he strove to gain the love and favour of God in Christ . At my first coming to him I found him deeply toucht with a serious apprehension of the former errours of his life , how far he had provoked a good God by the many sins , which his Conscience then charged him with : Then d●d he break forth into 〈◊〉 free and voluntary confession of all his sins , and exprest with many tears his loathing and detestation of them . I was glad to see those Limbecks of his eyes distilling , and dropping down in such a plentiful manner , to find his heart thus smitten , and bruis ed with the remembrance of his sins , and prest him to a greater measure of sorrow as knowing such clouds of grief would make way for the beams of joy and comfort to shine in his Soul. The truth is , I have not come near a man that hath reckoned up his fins wi●h greater abhorrency and detestation , than he did . I askt him , whether if God should be pleased to grant him a further respite in this world , he would become a new man , and take off his heart from his former vanities . He answered . I would not for the gain of the whole world live such a life as I have done , and I desire next to Gods glory to live for this very end , that I might testifi● the truth of my repentance to the world . I askt him , whether his heart did witness the truth of all this . Oh , sayes he , my heart is deceitful and treacherous , but if I know my own heart , all that I speak is in truth and sincerity ; I should be the most cursed Hypocrite alive , if I should either dissemble with God or man at such a time as this . Oh remember to deal faithfully with your own hearts , if you speak otherwise than ye find it to be in your own breasts , you turn Imposters to your selves , and deludes your own Souls , not us . It is the integrity of the heart which God looks at ; if there be no rottenness there , there is a good foundation of joy and comfort laid in the Soul : 1 Job . 3.21 . Beloved ; if our heart condemn us not , then have we confidence towards God. And now from the example of this good Knight , let me press this one thing upon you , That when ye find your hearts opprest with the weight of your sins , ye would give them a speedy vent , and seek to ease your hearts of so mighty a clog , by a serious confession of them . He that smothers sin in his breast , will in the end be choaked with the noisome scent of it . What is a man the better for hiding and locking up his sin in his bosome ? Let me advise you to open a vein in your own hearts , and let out the corrupt blood that lies there : The longer we hide sin in our bosoms , the more it festers , and what man will not do his best to get rid of a bruise , before it rots and putrisies ? Confession is a soveraign Remedy to procure the pardon of our sins ; Prov. 28.13 . Who so confesseth and for saketh his sins shall have mercy . He is most likely to find mercy , that is most ready to acknowledge that he deserves none . We see what David gain'd by an humble confession of his sins : He no sooner cried Peccavi , 2 Sam. 12.13 . I have sinned against the Lord ; then the Prophet return'd him a comfortable answer from the Lord , The Lord also hath put away thy sin , thou shalt not die . Quantum valent tres syllabae , Peccavi ? How prevalent are three syllables pronounced by a penitent heart , I have sinn'd , to move the God of mercy to mercy ? And here I hope I shall seasonably cast in a word of advice to my Brethren of the Clergy , that dejected sinners may with safety lodge their grievances in their breasts ; let me desire them , That as the Lawyer and the Physician are true to their Profession , so they would be faithful in their Ministery , that poor souls may fly to them with confidence for comfort in their sad conflicts for sin and with sin . This makes so many Christians to carry their sin with them to their graves , rather than they will disclose it , because they dare not repose any trust in those that ought to be as true to them as there own hearts . If we find a man truly penitent for his sins , let us cover them with the vail of Charity , and onely declare his repentance to the world , that God may be glorified , and good Christians on Earth , as the Angels in Heaven , rejoyce in the conversion of a sinner . I have much to speak , but am willing to contract my self , as knowing you are fully satisfied in that faithful Testimony I have already given you . Be not so uncharitable , as to think I might be mistaken in this good Gentleman ; I was often with him , and had frequent converse with him , and the freedom to speak , and I found him alwayes in the same humble frame and temper of spirit ; and I must profess this , I have not often received more satisfaction from any man in respect of the fruit and comfort of my endeavours , than from him . I met with an humble and tractable spirit , willing to hear of the wrath of God due to sinners ; and careful and solicitous how he might avoid it ; truly sensible of the weight of his sins , much dejected with the thought of them ; and so far the sense of his sins had humbled him , as that I may say , Malice it self could not judge worse of him , than he did of himself . And that which made me believe the truth of his humiliation for sin , was this , That I found no presumptious thoughts arising in his heart of Gods mercy : but when I sought to cheer him with the hope of Gods mercy to penitent sinners , he told me , He was not yet humbled enough to partake of it . I was much satisfied in this answer , as knowing the deeper the foundation is laid , the surer is the building ; the more humble we are , the firmer will our confidence be in Christ . And from that time I strove to comfort him with the precious Promises of the Gospel , and told him he might upon the word of Christ challenge an interest in them , Come unto me all ye that labour , and are heavy laden , and I will give you rest . Such as are truly penitent , and onely such , might claim a special Title to the Promises of Christ . This did revive his fainting spirit , and the thought of Gods mercy in Christ did as much cheer him , as ever the sense of sin had dejected him . Then he began to feel the comfort of Gods love glowing in his breast ; soon after he felt the heat of it , and his affections were so enflamed with the love of God , as that his thoughts were restless , till he enjoyed him whom his Soul loved ; and this made him to count every minute too long to be parted from Christ his Saviour . Therefore being now fit for heaven , and weary of the world , and desirous to enjoy God in a better place , the last words I heard him utter were these , Even so , come Lord Jesus , come quickly . Christ cannot come too soon for that heart that is ready to receive him . The Lord makes us fit for his coming , and we shall be happy whensoever he comes . And now after all this that I have spoken , you will say , I have said nothing for the honour of this good Knight , I have not buried him like himself ; I have strew'd no flowers of Commendation upon his Herse , befitting his quality and Degree , and the House he came from . I confess all this . As he desired all vain pomp and oftentation should be laid aside at his funerals ; ( For what have I done , said he , that I should deserve it ? ) so have I declined all pomp and vanity of words in the Pulpit , which is no place to shew our quaint and lofty strains of Oratory , but our zeal to Gods glory , and the edification of his people . I came not so far to sawn and flatter , but to testifie my pious respects to the memory of the Dead , and my unfeigned affection to the Souls of the Living . But what ? Is not this , that he dyed a good Christian ; that he loathed his former Vanities ; that he was truly humbled for his sins , and rested upon the Mercy of God in Christ for the free pardon of them ? If you value not these things , pardon me , if I think there is nothing to be valued in you but vanity ; and what the value of that will be , you will know at the hour of Death . God grant you may know it sooner and then you are happy , when you will find that piety in the heart is more to be accounted of , then all the wealth and honour in the world . I think I have said enough to honour this Noble Knight at his Funerals , that he dyed a true Child of God , and left a goodly Inheritnance on Earth , to be possessed of a better in Heaven . There have I a good ground to believe he rests in peace and joy , and there I hope we shall all meet at the last . And thus in an holy intention to Gods glory , a zealous desire of your good , and an honourable respect to my Friend , I have now run through the duty of this day , not aiming ( God knows my heart ) at the least applause from you , nor yet valuing the censure of malevolent spirits , who shake off all Charity to the Dead , and to the Living . I have endeavoured to approve my self faithful to God , in speaking nothing but the Truth ; faithful to my self , in the discharge of a good Conscience ; and faithful to my Friend , in publishing the truth of his Conversion , to the world . Thus have I sought to honour God , to right your worthy Neighbour , and in so doing I hope I have not wronged my self . And now it is my earnest prayer to God for you , ( not that I may injure the Dead , but in love to your Souls ) that all of you may have the grace to live better than he did ; And this I wish again from my heart , hoping the best of him , and fearing the worst of some of you , that ye may obtain the like Faith and Repentance to die no worse than he did . His Soul now rests in Bliss and joy ; do ye that survive , labour to enter into that rest which remains for the people of God , in the glorious Mansions of God the Father . Now bestir your selves , and do your best for heaven ; while ye have time and opportunity , work out your own Salvation with fear and trembling , shew all diligence by Faith , Repentance and Obedience , ( the old and sure tract and road to Heaven ) to make your calling and election sure ; live holily , that ye may die comfortably . Learn to number your dayes , to spend your time aright to Gods glory , and in his service : Count it your honour to honour God ; your only freedom , to serve your Maker . Be wise for Eternity , & desire of God to keep your hearts upright in his fear , to give you fixed Spirits in tottering Times , and in the end to guide you all the right way to Heaven and happiness ; to make you true Accountants for Heaven , and to value the least minute of your time : and in this I will joyn with you in Prayer , both for my self and you , in the words of my Text , Lord , so teach us , &c. Amen . Amen . THE JUST MANS FUNERAL . SERMON LI. ECCLES . 7. verse 15. All things have I seen in the dayes of my vanity ; there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness ; and there is a wicked man that prolongeth his life in his wickedness . THe World is a volumne of Gods works , which all good people ought studiously to peruse . Three sorts of men are too blame herein . First , such as observe nothing at all ; seeing , but neither marking nor minding the daily accidents that happen , with * Gallio the secure deputy of Achaia , They care for none of these things . Secondly , Such as observe nothing observable , these may be said to weed the world ; If any passage happeneth which deserveth to be forgotten , their jet memories ( only attracting straws and chaff unto them ) registreth and retaineth them : sond fashions and foolish speeches is all that they charge on their account , and only empty cyphers swell the vote-books of their discoveries . Lastly , such who make good observations , but no applications . With Mary they do not ponder things in their heart , but only brew them in their heads , and presently breath them out of their mouth , having only a rational understanding thereof , ( which renders them acceptable in company for their discourse ) but never suffering them to sink into their souls , or make any effectual impression of their lives . But Solomons observations were every way compleat ; he mark'd what happened : & wel he might , who advantaged with matchless wealth , might make matchless discoveries , & could afford to dig out important Truths with mattocks of Gold & Silver ; what he mark'd was remarkable , and what was remarkable , he not only applied to the good of his private person , but endeavouring it might be propagated to all posterity in the words of my text , All things have I seen in the dayes of my vanity ; there is a just man that perisheth in his righteousness ; and there is a wicked man that prolongeth his life in his wickedness . In the handling of Solomons observation herein , we will insist upon these four p●…rts , to shew , 1. That it is so . 2. Why it is so . 3. What abuses wicked men do make because it is so . 4. What uses good men should make because it is so . First , that it is so ; believe Solomons eyes , who professed that he saw it . But here it will be demanded , how came he to behold a righteous man ? with what rare and new eye-salve had he anointed his eyes , to see that which his father David ( having a more holy , though not so large a heart ) could never discern ? Enter not into judgment with thy servant O Lord : for no flesh is righteous in thy sight . It is answered , though such an one whose righteousness is Gods justice-proof , never was , is , nor shall be in this life , ( Christ alone excepted , being God and man ) yet in a Gospel , or qualified sense , he is accounted righteous , who juxt a propositum juste vivendi , is so intentionally ; desiring and endeavouring after righteousness with all the might of his Sonl . Secondly , who is so comparatively , in reference to wicked men , appearing righteous in regard of those , who have no goodness at all in their hearts . Thirdly , righteous imputatively , having the righteousness of God in Christ imputed unto him . Lastly , righteous inhesively , having many heavenly graces , and holy endowments , sincere , though not perfect , or evangelically perfect , pro hoc statu , bestowed upon , and remaining within him . Such a righteous man as this Solomon saw perishing in his righteousness . But in the second place , it will be inquired , How could Solomon patiently behold a righteous man perish in his righteousness , and not rescue him out of the paws of oppression ? Could he see it , and could he suffer it , and be only an idle spectator at so sad a tragedy ? Did his hand sway the Scepter , and was his head invested with the Crown , contentedly to look on so sorrowful a sight ? Could he only as in the case of the harlots , call for a sword to kill a child , and not call for it to defend a righteous man ? He that is not with us ( faith our Saviour ) is against us . If it hold in private persons , much more in publick Officers . They persecute , who do not protect ; destroy , who do not defend ; slay , who do not save the righteous man , who have power and place to do it . It is answered in the first place ; Solomons observations were not all confined to his own country and kingdome ; though staying at home in his person , his mind travelled into forraign parts , & in the neighbouring countries of Egypt , Edom , Syria , Assyria , &c. might behold the perisning of the righteous , and long flourishing of the wicked . Secondly his expression , I have seen , relates not only to his ocular , but experimental discoveries ; What Solomon got hy the help of History , Study , and perusal of Chronicles . He that was skil'd in natural Philosophy from the Cedar to the Shrub , was ( no doubt ) well versed in all civil occurrences from the Prince to the Peasant , from Adam to the present age wherein he lived , so much as by any extant records could be collected . To set humane writers aside , the Scripture alone afforded him plentiful presidents herein . Open the Bible , and we shall find ( almost in the first leaf ) just Abel perishing in his righteousness , and wicked Cain prolonging his life in his iniquity . To omit other instances , Solomon , by relation from his father , might sadly remember , how Abimelech the High Priest , perished in his righteousness , with all the Priests , inhabitants of the city of Nob , whilest Saul who condemned , and Doeg who executed them , flourished long in their iniquity . So much for the proof , that it is so . Come we now to the reasons , why it is so . These reasons are of a double nature , some fetcht from nature , others from religion . For the present we insist only upon the former , reserving the rest till we shall encounter the Atheists in the sequel of our discourse . First , Because good men , of all others , are most envied and maligned , having the fiercest adversaries to oppose them . With the most in the world , it is quarrel enough to hate a good man , because he is a good man. Saint Paul faith of himself , I press towards the mark . And the same is the endeavour of every good man. Now as in a race the formost man who is nearest the mark , is envied of all those which come after him , who commonly use all foul play towards him , ( justling him on the side , seeking to trip up his heels ; yea , sometimes thrusting him forward on the back , that so he might fall headlong by his own weight and their violence ) so often cometh it to pass betwixt rivals in the race of honour and vertue . Ill-minded men perceiving themselves quite out strips by some eminent person who hath got the speed of them , and despairing fairly to overtake him , resolve fouly to overturn him , by all means possible contriving his destruction . Hence come those many millions of divices and stratagems contrived for his ruin , endeavouring either to , Divert him from his righteousness . or Destroy him in his righteousness . If the first takes no effect , and if his constancy appears such as without regret he will persist in piety , leaving them no hope to byass him to base ends , then dispairing to how him from , they contrive to break him in his righteousness . Thus whilst he hath many enemies which conspire his destruction , seeking with power to suppress , or pollicy to supplant him ; The wicked man on the other side , hath the generality of men ( the most being bad as himself ) to befriend him ; a main cause of his prolonging himself successful in his wickedness . Secondly , Righteous men perish in their righteousness , because not so wary , and watchful to defend themselves in danger , being deaf to all jealousies and snspitions , over-confident of other men , measuring all others by the integrity of their own intentions . This makes them lie at an open guard , not fencing and fortifying themselves against any sudden surprisal , but presuming , that deserving no hurt , none shall be done unto them . Thus Gedaliah , Governour of the remnant of the Jews after the captivity , twice received the express intelligence of a conspiracy to kill him , yet was so far from giving credit , that he gave a sharp reproof to the first discoverer thereof : Yea , when Johanan the son of Kareah , tendered his service to kill Ishmael , ( sent as he said , from Baalis King of Ammon to slay Gedaliah ) Gedaliah rejoyned , Thou shalt not do this thing , for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael . His noble nature gave no entertainment to the report , till he found it too late to prevent it . Whilst wicked men , partly out of policy , more out of guiltiness , sleep like Hercules with their club in their haud , stand alwayes on their guard , are jealous of their very shadows , and appearances of danger , a great cause of their safety and success , prolonging themselves in their wickedness . Thirdly , They perish because of a lazie principle which hath possessed the heads and hearts even of the best men , ( who are unexcusable herein ) namely , that God in due time will defend their innocence , which makes them more negligent and remiss in defending themselves ; as the Prophet makes mention of a stone cut out without hands , they conceive their cause will without manshelp hew its own way through the rocks of all resistance ; as if their cause would stand Centinal for them , though they slept themselves ; as if their cause would ( fix their Muskets ) though they did it not themselves . Thus the Christians in their battels against the Turks , having won the day by their valour , have lost the night by their negligence , which principally proceeded from their confidence , that God interested as a Second in every just cause , was in that quarrel concerned as a Principle , and it could not stand in his justice to suffer it to miscarry . Whereas on the other side wicked men use double diligence in promoting their designs . If their lame cause lack legs of its own , they will give it wings from their signs . If their lame cause lack legs of its own , they will give it wings from their careful solliciting thereof , and will soulder up their crackt title with their own industry . They watch for all tides , and wait for all times , and work by all wayes , and sail by all winds ; each golden opportunity they cunningly court , and greedily catch : and carefully keep , & thristily use : in a word , they are wiser in their generations then the children of light . This may be perceived by the parallel betwixt the wife and the harlot : many wives ( though herein they cannot be defended ) knowing their husbands obliged in conscience to love them by verture of their solemn promise made before God and the congregation at their marriage , are therefore the less careful to study compliance to their husbands desires ; they know their husbands , if wronging them , wrong themselves therein ; and presuming themselves to deserve love as due unto them for their honesty and loyalty of affections , are the less sollicitous to gain that which they count their own already . Whilest the harlot conscious to her self of her usurpation , that she hath no lawful right to the imbraces of her paramour , tunes her self to the criticalness of all complacency to humour him in all his desires . And thus alwayes those men whose cause have the weakest foundation in piety , getteth the strongest buttress in policy to support it . Lastly , the righteous man , by the principles of his profession , is tyed up , and confined onely to the use of such means for his preservation , as are consonant to Gods will , conformable to his word ; preferring rather to die many times , then to save himself once by unwarrantable waies . Propounded unto him a project for his safety , and as Solomon promised favour to Adonijah , so long as he shewed himself worthy , otherwise if wickedness were found in him , he should surely die ; So our righteous man onely accepts and embraceth such plots to secure himself thereby , as acquit themselves honest and honourable : such as appear otherwise , he presently dispatches with detestation , destroying the very motion and mention thereof , from entring into his hearts . On the other side , the wicked man is left at large , allowing himself liberty and latitude , to do any thing in his own defence , making a constant practice of doing evil , that good may come thereof . Yea we may observe in all ages , that wicked men make bold with Religion ; and those who count the practice of plety a burden , find the pretending thereof an advantage , and therefore be the matter they manage never so bad ( if possible ) they will intitle it to be Gods cause . Much was the substance in the very shadow of Saint Peter , which made the people so desirous thereof as he passed by the streets . And the very umbrage of Religion hath a sovereign virtue in it . No better cordial for a dying cause , then to over-shadow it with the pretence that it is Gods cause ; for first , this is the way to make and keep a good and strong party : No sooner the watch-word is given out , For Gods cause , but instantly GAD , Behold a troop cometh of many honest , but ignorant men , who press to be listed in so pious an employment . These may be kild , but cannot be conquered : for till their judgements be otherwise informed , they will triumph in being overcome , as confident , the deeper their wounds got in Gods cause gape in their bodies ; the wider the gates of heaven stand open to receive their souls . Besides , the pretending their cause is Gods cause , will in a manner , legitimate the barest means , in pursuance and prosecution thereof ; for , though it be against Gods word , to do evil that good may come thereof , yet this old error will hardly be beaten out of the heads and hearts of many men , that crooked waies are made direct , by being directed to a straight end ; and the lustre of a bright cause will reflect a seeming light on very deeds of darkness , used in tendency thereunto . This hath been an ancient stratagem of the worst men ( great Politicians ) to take piety in their way , to the advancing of their desences . Thus Rabshakeh pretended a Commission from God , for all the wickedness he committed , and complements blasphemy , Am I now come up without the Lord , against this place to destroy it ? the Lord said to me , Go up against this place to destrey it . The Priests of Bell were but bunglers , which could not steal the meat of their Idol , but they must be discovered by the print of their foot-steps . Men are grown more cunning thieves now adaies ; first they will put on the shooes of him they intend to rob , and then steal , that so their treadings may tell no tales to their disadvantage ; They will not stride a pace , nor go a step , nor stir a foot , but all for Gods cause , all for the good and glory of God. Thus Christ himself was served from his cradle to his cross ; Herod who sought to kill him , pretended to worship him , and Judas kissed him who betrayed him . By these arts and divices , it cometh to pass , that wicked men prolong themselves into heir wickedness . Traiterous Zimri indeed continued but seven daies , that was not long : wicked Jehojachin reigned but three months in Jerusalem , that was not long : ungodly Amon reigned two years in Jerusalem , that was not long : idolatrous Ahab reigned in Samaria twenty and two years , that was indifferent long : cruel Herod the King , who sought to kill Christ , reigned in Judea well nigh forty years , that was long indeed ; he prolonged himself to purpose in his iniquity . Seeing therefore ( to recollect what hath been said ) the righteous hath most foes , the wicked many friends ; the righteous free from ; the wicked full of jealousies ; the righteous too often over-careless , the wicked over-careful in his defence ; the righteous limited onely to lawful , the wicked left loose to any means for his own advantage ; No wonder if it often cometh to pass , that the righteous man perisheth in his righteousness , and the wicked prolongeth his life in his wickedness . Come we now to the abuses which wicked men make of the righteous mans perishing in his righteousness . And here the whole kennel of Atheists come in with a full cry , ( oh that there were no more of them on earth , then there are in hell , where torture makes them all speak truth ) spending their wicked breath against God and his attributes . Some bark at his Provedence , as if he perceived not these things ; How doth God know , and is there knowledge in the most high ? Others cavil at his justice , that he has no mind ; others carp at his strength , that he has no power to rectifie and redress these enormities . This world ( say they ) is a ship without a pilot , steered onely with the windes and wayes of casualty ; it is a meer lottery , wherein the best man dayly draw the blanks , and the worst run away with the prizes . And , as Absolom boasted , if he were king of Israel , how far he would out-do David in right managing of all matters : so these impudent wretches conceive with themselves , the Plat form of the world hath been more persect , might they have been admitted to the making thereof . The Moon would have shined without any spots , Roses grow without any Prickles , fair weather should never have done harm , because rain should only fall in the night , neither to hinder the pleasure of the rich , or hurt the profit of the poor . Merit should be made the onely standard of preferment ; no perishing of the righteous man in his righteousness , when success should onely be entailed on desert . In a word , such Atheists presume all things by them should be so prudently disposed , that nothing , no doubt , in the whole world should be out of order , save themselves . More might be spoken to heighten and prove the objection , but I am afraid to persist further therein . It is not onely dangerous to be , but even to act an Atheist , though with intent to confute their errour , for fear that our poisons pierce further then our antidotes . But in answer to this objection ; know , that God , without the least prejudice to his justice , may suffer the righteous man to perish in his righteousness , because allow him righteous justicia cause , he is not so justicia persone , the best man standing guilty of many faults and failings in his sight . God needs not pick a quarrel with any man , having at all times matter of a just controversie against him . And seeing God hath oftentimes connived at him being faulty , he may condemn him being faultless ; for , mullum tempus occurrit Regi , the King of heaven is not limited to any time , but at his own pleasure and leasure may take an opportunity to punish an offender . Secondly , grant that the cause of the righteous man was just in the primitive constitution thereof , yet if it branch it self forth into numerous circumstances appendant thereunto , ( many whereof may be intricate and perplext ) if it be of so spacious and ponderous a nature , that it requires many heads and hands as subordinate instruments in several places for the managing thereof . Lastly , if the cause be so prolix and tedious , that many years must be spent in the prosecution thereof , the original righteousness of the cause may be already with the handling of it , and much injustice annexed thereunto , for which God may justly cause it finally to miscarry . For it is possible that a cause consisting of such variety of limbs retaining thereunto , should be carried on without many grand errours and mistakes committed therein ; and the righteousness of the best men will not spread so broad without shrinking , stretch so long without tyring , apply it self so exactly to each circumstance without some swerving therein . Especially when all the faults of the inferior officers employed under him , are chargeable on the righteous mans account , the matter of whose cause may justly perish , by Gods just anger on the unjust managery thereof . Yea God , without the least blemish to his Justice , may suffer the righteous temporally to perish in his righteousness , because in the midst of their sufferings his mercy supports them with the inward comfort of a clear conscience . In the time of persecution , a woman being big with child , was imprisoned and condemned to die , which the night before her execution , was ( I cannot say brought to bed ) delivered of a child , when her pain ( wanting the help of a midwife ) must be presumed exceeding great ; The Jailor hearing her cry out in her pangs : If you cry ( said he ) to day , I will make you shreek worse to morrow , when you are to be burnt at a stake . The woman replied ; Not so , to morrow my pain will be abated : for to day I suffer as an offender , for the punishment justly imposed by God on our sex , for our disobedience and breach of his law ; but to morrow I shall die for the testimony of the truth , in the defence of Gods glory and his true Religion . Thus it is strange to see , what alacrity a good cause insuseth into arighteous man , deriving comfort into his heart by insensible conveyances , so that he imbraceth even death in self with a smiling countenance , seeding his soul on the continual feast of a clear conscience . Besides this , it clears divine Justice , and comforts the righteous man perishing temporally in his righteousness , that his cause shall be heard over again , and rejudged in another world . If one conceive himself wronged in the Hundred , or any inferiour Court , he may by a cretiorari , or an accedas ad curiam , remove it to the Kings Bench or Common Pleas , as he is advised best for his own advantage . If he apprehendeth himself injured in these Courts , he may with a Writ of Errour remove it , to have it argued by all the Judges , in the Exchequer chamber . If here also he conceiveth himself to find no justice , he may with an Injunction , out of the Chancery stop their proceedings . But if in the Chancery he reputeth himself agrieved , he may thence appeal to the God of heaven and earth , who in another world , will vindicate his right , and severely punish such as have wilfully offered wrong unto him . And so much to assert Gods justice in suffering the righteous man to perish in his righteousness . Now on the other side , God may without any prejudice to his justice , suffer wicked men for a time to thrive in this world , and not suddenly surprise them with punishment , so giving them a space to repent , if they would but make use thereof . Indeed David saith , Evil shall hunt the violent man to overthrow him ; But God is a fair hunter ; he might in the rigour of his justice knock wicked men down as he finds them sitting in their forms : But God will give them fair law , they shall for a time run ; yea sport themselves before his judgements , ere they are pleased to overtake them . Know also , to the farther clearing of his justice , that wicked men , notwithstanding their thriving in badness for a time , are partly punished in this world , with a constant corrosive of a guilty conscience , which they carry about them . The Probationer-Disciple said to our Saviour , Master , I will follow thee whithersoever thou goest ; what is promised by him , is preformed by a guilty conscience , that Squire of the body , alwayes officious to attend a malefactour . Fast , and I will follow thee , and thy empty body shall not be so full of wind , as thy mind of dismal apprehensions : feast , and I will follow thee ; and as the hand on the wall , bring in the sad reckoning , for thy large bill of fare : stay at home , and I will follow thee ; or else meet thee in the way with my naked sword , as the Angel did Balaam : Wake , and I will follow thee : sleep , and I will follow thee , and affright thee with hideous fancies , and terrible dreams , as I did King Richard the third , the night before his death . I have read of one , who undertook in few dayes to make a fat sheep lean ; and yet was to allow him a daily and large provision of meat , soft and easie lodging , with security from all danger , that nothing should hurt him . This he effected , by putting him into an Iron-grate , and placing a ravenous wolf hard by in another , alwayes howling , fighting , scenting , scratching at the poor sheep ; which affrighted with this sad sound , and worse sight , had little joy to eat , less to sleep ; whereby his flesh was suddenly abated . But wicked men have the terrors of an affrighted conscience constantly , not onely barking at them , but biting of them ; which dissweetens their most delicious mirth , with the sad consideration of the sins they have committed , and punishment they must undergo , when in another world they shall be called to account . This thought alone makes their souls lean , how fat soever their bodies may appear . And as sores and wounds commonly smart , ake , and throb most , the nearer it is to night ; so the anguish and torture of a guilty conscience increaseth , the neerer men apprehend themselves to the day of their death . Now not onely wicked men , but even the children of God , because of the corruption of their hearts , too often make bad uses to themselves , of the righteous mans perishing in his righteousness . These may be divided into three ranks : 1. Such as fret at Gods proceedings herein . 2. Such as droop under Gods proceedings herein . 3. Such as argue with Gods proceedings herein . The first are the Fretters : for if the perishing of the righteous cometh to the serious observation of a high-spirited man , one of a stout and valiant heart , he will scarce brook it without some anger and indignation , fuming and chasing thereat . Thus David , we know , was a man of valour , of a martial and warlike spirit , and he confesseth of himself , that , beholding the prosperity of the wicked , his heart was grieved , and he was pricked in his reins ; Nor was it meer grief possessed him , but a mixture of much impatience , as appears by that counsel which in like case , in one Psalm , he gave himself three several times , Fret not thy self because of evil doers ; and again , fret not thy self because of him who porspereth in his way ; and the third time , fret not thy self in any wise . Our Saviour observeth , that there are a sturdy kind of Devils , that will not be cast out , save by fasting and prayer . But this humour of fretting and repining at Gods proceedings herein , which he understood not , could not be ejected out of David , but by prayer no doubt , and that very solemnly ; not at home , but in Gods temple , When I thought to know all this ; it was too painful for me , until I went into the Sanctuary of God , there understood I their end . O let them of high spirits and stout hearts not lavish their valour , and mis-spend their courage , to chase and fume at such accidents , venting good spirits the wrong way ; but rather reserve their magnanimous resolutions for better services , and ( besides their private devotions ) address themselves with David , to Gods publike worship in his house , who in his due time will unriddle unto them the equity of his proceedings . But if men be of low and mean spirits , pusillanimousand heartless natures , and if these narrow souls in them meet with melancholly and heavy tempers , such fall a drooping , yea despairing at the perishing of the righteous ; they give all over for lost , concluding there is no hope ; they rather languish then live , walking up and down disconsolate with soft paces , sad looks , and sorrowful hearts : all their children they are ready to call and christen Ichobods , the glory is departed from Israel , being affected like the Citizens of Jerusalem , besieged by Sennacherib , their hearts are like the trees of the wood , moved with the wind . But let such droopers know , that herein they offend God , and wrong themselves ; and let them gird up their loyns , and tie up their spirits , at the serious consideration that God in due time , will raise them out of the dust , maintain his own cause , and confound his enemies . The third sort of people , are the Arguers or Disputers , who being of a middle temper , neither haughty nor stomackful , neither low nor dejected , and withal being good men , embrace a middle course , neither to fret nor dispute , but calmly to reason out the matter with God himself . Of this later sort , was the Prophet Jeremiah , who thus addresseth himself unto the Lord : Righteous art thou , O Lord , when I plead with thee ; yet let me talk with thee of thy judgments : Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper ? wherefore are they happy that deal very treacherously ? The good man could not conceive Gods proceedings : and although he kept to the conclusion , Righteous are thou , O Lord , yet his heart was hot within him , and he would fain be exchanging an argument with God , that all was not right , according to his humane capacity . Job also was one of these Arguers in the agony of his passion , Oh that one might plead for a man with God , as a man pleadeth for his neighbour . But let flesh and blood take heed of entring the lists by way of challenge with God himself . If the synagogue of the Libertines , and Cyrenians , and Alexandrians , and of them of Silicia , and of Asia , disputing with Stephen , were not able to resist the wisdome and the spirit by which he spake ; much less can frail flesh hope to make good a bad cause , by way of opposition against God , the best and wisest answerer . Remember the Apostles question , Where is the disputer ? But if we should be so bold , in humility , to examine Gods proceedings , let us take heed lest whilest we dispute with God , Satan insensibly prompts us such reasons as are seemingly unanswerable in our apprehensions , so that instead of being too hard for God ( which is impossible ) men become too hard for themselves , raising such spirits which they cannot quell , and starting such doubts which they cannot satisfie . Wherefore let not our ignorance be counted Gods injustice , let not the dimness of our eyes be esteemed the durtiness of his actions , being all purity and cleanness in themselves : Let us , if beaten from our out-works , make a safe retreat to this impregnable castle , Jeremiah his conclusion , Righteous art thou O Lord , &c. Come we now to the good Uses that the godly ought to make of a righteous mans perishing in his righteousness . And first , when he finds such a one in a swoun , he ought with all speed to bring him a cordial , and with the good Samaritane , to pour Oil and Wine into his wounds , endeavouring his recovery to his utmost power , whilest there is any hope thereof . I must confess it is only Gods prerogative , according to the greatness of his power , to preserve those that are appointed to die . However , it is also the boundant duty of all pious people , in their several distances and degrees , to improve their utmost for the preservation of dying innocency , from the cruelty of such as would murder it . But if it be impossible to save it from death , so that it doth expire , notwithstanding all their care to the contrary ; they must then turn lamenters at the funerals thereof . And if the iniquity of the times will not safely afford them to be open , they must be close Mourners at so sorrowful an accident . O let the most cunning Chyrurgeons not begrutch their skill to unbowel , the richest Merchants not think much of their choisest spices to embalm , the most exquisite Joyner make the coffin , most reverend Divine , the Funeral Sermon , the most accurate Marbler erect the Monument , and most renowned Poet invent the Epitaph , to be inscribed on the tomb of Perishing Righteousness . Whilest all others , well-wishers to goodness in their several places , contribute to their sorrow at the solemn Obsequies thereof ; yea as in the case of Josiah his death , let their be an Anniversary of Mourning kept in remembrance thereof . However , let them not mourn like men without hope , but let them behave themselves at the interment of his righteousness , as confident of the resurrection thereof , which God in his due time shall raise out of the ashes : It is sown in weakness , it shall be raised in power ; it is sown in disgrace , it shall be raised in glory . Lastly , the temporal perishing of the righteous man in this world , minds us of the necessity of the day of Judgment , and ought to edge and quicken our prayers , that God would shortly accomplish the number of his elect , consummate this miserable world , put a period to the dark night of his proceedings , that so that day , that welcome day , may begin to dawn , which is tearmed by the Apostle , The day of the revelation of the righteous judgment of God. Five things there are ( besides many others ) in the primitive part of Gods justice , which are very hard for men to conceive . First , How the sin of Adam , to which we did never personally consent , can justly be imputed to us his posterity . Secondly , How infants , who never committed actual sin , are subject to death ; and which is more , to damnation it self ? Thirdly , How God can actually harden the hearts of some , as he did Pharaohs , and yet not be in the least degree accessary to sin , and the author thereof . Fourthly , How the Americans can justly be condemned , to whom the sound of the Gospel was never trumpetted forth , and they by their invincible ignorance uncapable of Gods will in his word ? Lastly , How God , as it in the Text , can suffer righteous men to perish in their righteousness , and wicked men to flowrish in their iniquity ? In all these , a thin vail may seem to hang before them , so that we have not a full and free view of the reasons of Gods proceedings herein ; yet so , as that under and thorow this vail , we discover enough in modesty and sobriety to satisfie our selves , though ( perchange unable to utter what in part we apprehend ) we cannot effectually remove all the scruples which the pious , nor all the cavils which the profane man brings against us . But at the day of judgment , at the revelation of the righteous judgment of God , this vail shall be turned back , or rather totally taken away , so that all shall plainly and perspicuously perceive the justice of Gods dealing in the cases aforesaid . Not that then or there , any new essential addition or accession shall accrue to Gods justice , to mend or make up , any former desault or defect therein ; but his proceedings ( which before wanted not clearness in themselves , but clearing to our eyes ) shall then be pronounced , declared , and adjudged just , in the presence of Devils , men and Angels ; so that ignorance shall not doubt , nor impudence dare to deny the truth thereof . But before we take our final farewel of the words in our Text , know they are also capable of another sence , I have seen the righteous man perish in his righteousness ; that is , I have seen a good man , continuing in goodness , and snatched away in the prime of his years , whilest wicked men , persisting in their profaness , have prolonged their lives to the utmost possibility of nature . I confess Saint Paul will in no case allow the word perishing , to be applied to the death of the Godly , but startles at the expression , as containing some Pagan impiety therein , pointing at it , as an Atheistical position : Then they also which are faln asleep in Christ , are perished . However , in a qualified sence , ( not for a total extinction , but temporal suspension of them in this world ) the Prophet pronounceth it of a just mans death , The righteous perish , and no man layeth it to his heart ; Yet , as if suspecting some ill use might be made of that term perishing , in the next words he mollifieth the harshness thereof , and ( who best might ) expounds his own meaning : The righteous man is taken away from the evil to come . Indeed , when a just man dyeth , with Abraham , in a good old age , he is not properly said to be taken away , but , in Scripture-Phrase , to tarry till God comes . Thus when Peter was very inquisitive to know how John should be disposed of , Christ answered him , If I will that he tarry till I come , what is that to thee ? John , of all the Jury of the Apostles , dyed in his bed , a thorow old man , of temper and temperance , of a strong and healthful natural constitution , moderate in diet , passions and recreations , ( Ahijah and Josiah may be instances ) are cut off by an untimely death ; such are properly said to be taken away . Now even such men , God ( not only without the least stain to his Justice , but in great manifestation of his mercy ) may cause to perish ; or if that be too harsh a tearm , may take them away from the evil to come : And that in three several acceptions . First to keep him from that evil of sin which God in his wisdom foresees the good man would commit , if living longer , and left to those manifold temptations which future times ( growing daily worse and worse ) would present to , and press on him . True it is , God could by his restraining and effectual Grace keep him , though surviving in sinful times , from being polluted therewith : but being a free Agent , he will vary the ways of his working , sometimes keeping men in the hour of temptation , sometimes from the hour of temptation . The later he doth , sometimes by keeping the hour from coming to them , or rather , from coming to the hour ; making them to fall short thereof , and preventing their approach thereunto , by taking them away in a speedy death . Thus mothers and Nurses suspecting their children would too much play the wantons , disgrace them , and wrong themselves ; when much company is expected at their houses , haste them to bed betimes , even before their ordinary hour . Secondly , From the evil of sin which other men would commit , and he beheld , to the great grief and anguish of his heart , Lot-like : for that righteous man dwelling among them , in seeing and hearing , vexed his righteous soul from day to day , with their unlawful deeds . Manifold Uses might be made of the Just mans thus perishing in his righteousness . First , men ought to be affected with true sorrow : yet the Prophet saith , The righteous perisheth , and no man layeth it to his heart . Surely his wife or children will ( or else the more unworthy ) haply he hath none when dying . His kindred will , except ( which is impossible ) with Melchisedech , he be without father , without mother , without descent . His friends will , though rather the rich than the righteous have friends whilest living , and leave them when dying . But to satisfie all objections at once . By none , are meant very few , inconsiderable in respect of those multitudes that pass the righteous mans death unrespected . Parallel to that place in the Proverbs , None that go to her return again , neither take they hold of the path of life . Not that adultery is the sin against the holy Ghost , unpardonable ; but vestigia pauca retrorsum . Be thou , by an holy Riddle , One among that None ; I mean a mourner in Sion for the righteous mans death , amongst these very few , who lay it to their hearts . Secondly , Men from hence are seriously to recollect and apply to themselves the doctrine of their mortallities , when thee see the righteous man perish in his righteousness . There is a bird peculiar to Ireland , called the Cock of the Wood , remarkable for the fine flesh and folly thereof : All the difficulty to kill them , is to find them out , otherwise a mean marksman may easily kill them . They flie in woods in flocks , and if one of them be shot , the rest remove not but to the next bow or tree at the furthest , & there stand staring at the shooter , till the whole covy be destroyed . As foolish as the bird is , it is wise enough to be the embleme of the wisest men in point of mortallity . Death sweeps away one , and one , and one , and the rest remain no whit moved at , or minding of it , till at last a whole generation is consumed . It fareth with the most mens lives , as with the sand in this hypocritical hour-glass : behold it in outward appearance , and it seemeth far more then it is , because rising upon the sides , whilest the sand is empty and hollow in the midst thereof ; so that when it sinks down in and instant , a quarter of an hour is gone in a moment . Thus many men are mistaken in their own account , reckoning upon three-score and ten years , the age of a man , because their bodies appear outwardly strong and lusty . Alas ! their health may be hollow , there may be some inward infirmity and imperfection unknown unto them , so that death may surprise them on a sudden . Thirdly , They are to take notice of Gods anger , with that place from which the righteous man is taken away . Solomon , speaking of the death of an ordinary man , saith , The living will lay it to heart : But when a righteous man is taken away , the living ought to lay it to the very Heart of their hearts , especially if he be a Magistrate or Minister of eminent note . When the eye-strings break , the heart-strings hold not out long after : and when the seers are taken away , it is a sad symptome of a languishing Church or Common-wealth . Lastly , Men ought to imitate the vertuous examples of such as are dead . The cloud and pillar at the Red-sea , was bright toward the Israelites , to guide and direct them with the light thereof : but the reverse or back part thereof , was dark toward the Egyptians . In the best men there is such a mixture of light and darkness , who with their vertues have may fanlts , failings and infirmities . Well let the Egyptian walk by his dark side , follow his faults , whilest the Israel of God , all pious people , endeavour to imitate his virtues , directed in their conversations , by the lustre of his godly examples . That so as Herod hearing of the same of Christ , conceived that John Baptist was risen again from the dead : so let us labour that our vertuous lives may give just cause for others to conceive , that those righteous men which have perished in their righteousness , those champions of Christianity , and worthy Heroes of holiness long since deceased , are revived again , and have in us a miraculous resurrection . THE RIGHTEOUS MANS SERVICE TO HIS GENERATION . SERMON LII . ACTS . 13.36 . For David after he had served his own generation after the will of God , fell asleep , &c. IN this Chapter Saint Paul doth demonstrate the Resurrection of our blessed Saviour by three several places of Scripture , foretold and now fulfilled . The Law saith , in the mouth of two or three witnesses the truth shall be established . Two may , Three must do the d●…ed ; Two make full measure , Three make measure pressed down and running over . And such doth the Apostle give us in the proof of this point . The first place he citeth Psalm 2.7 . Thou art my son , this day have I begotten thee : The second , Isaiah 55.3 . I will give you the sure mercies of David : The last , Psalm 16.11 . Thou shalt not suffer thy holy one to see corruption . It is observable , That the same Text , Acts 2.31 . is also alledged , expounded , applyed and pressed by Saint Paul to prove the Resurrection of Christs body uncorrupted . See here the holy Harmony betwixt the two Apostles . Though Peter and Paul had a short and sharp contest at Antioch , Galat. 2.11 . where Paul withstood him to his face ; yet here their hearts , and hands , and tongues , meet lovingly together in the improving of the same portion of Scripture : Both of them shew first negatively , how it could not litterally be meant of David , ( whose body was corrupted and his Sepulchre remained amongst them unto that day ) and therefore positively must be meant mystically and prophetically of Christ . Now as I am charitably confident that all who hear me this day , are satisfied and assured herein , That our Saviours body saw no corruption , so give me leave to be jealous over you with a godly jealousie , for fear some mistake the cause of this his incorruptibility , and bottome it on a false foundation . Some perchance may impute it to the shortness of the time he lay in his grave , being but a day and two pieces of a day , numero rotundo , though currente stilo they commonly be called and counted three dayes . These do ponere non causam pro causa ; for the time was long enough in that hot Countrey , to cause putrefaction , considering that our Saviours body was much bruised and broken with the whips , nails , and spears , ( besides the effusion of much blood ) which would the sooner have invited corruption . Others perchance put the untaintedness of his body upon the account of the great quantity of Myrrh and Aloes ( about an hundred pound weight ) and other precious spices , wherewith Joseph and Nicodemus , John 19.39 . imbalmed it . This also is an unfound opinion ; for all the spices of Arabia cannot secure a corpse from putrifying , though they may preserve it that such putrifaction shall not be noysome to others in the ill savour thereof , not keeping it from corrupting , but from offending . The true reason is this : Though Christs soul was parted from his body , ( and where disposed of , God only knows , during his remainder in the grave ) yet the union with the Deity was never dissolved , which priviledged his corpse from corruption . So that had it been possible ( which was impossible , as is inconsistant with Gods promise and pleasure ) for his corpse to have lien in the grave till this instant , they had been perpetuated in an intire estate , whilst it is true of David as it is in the Text , after he had served his own generation by the will of God , he fell on sleep , and was laid unto his Fathers , and saw corruption . Observe in the words four principal parts ; 1. What a generation is . 2. What it is to serve ones generation . 3. How David served his own generation . 4. How we after his example are to serve ours . Of these in order , and first we will consider what a generation is . A generation is a company of men and women , born , living and dying , much about the same time : I say , much about the same time ; for seven years , under or over , sooner or later , breaketh no squares herein , but that the said persons are reducible to the same generation . Thus , Mat. 1.17 . All the generations from Abraham to David , are fourteen generations : and from David , until the carrying away into Babylon , are fourteen generations : and from the carrying away into Babylon , unto Christ , are fourteen Generations : Now all generations are not of equal extent ; so admirable the Longevity of those before the Flood , compared to our short lives , since God for our sins hath contracted the cloth of our life to threescore & ten years , and all is but a course List , which is more then that measure , Psalm 90.10 . And if by reason of strength they be fourscore years , yet is their strength , labour and sorrow , for it is soon cut off , and we●…ie away . It is remarkable , that Three Generations are alwayes at the same time on foot in the world ; namely , 1. The Generation rising . 2. The Generation shining . 3. The Generation setting . For should God clear the earth of all men at once , mankind could not be recruted but by miracle ; besides , neither humane Arts nor Sciences ; nor could the Scripture handsomly be handed and delivered from one generation to another . God therefore of his goodness doth so order it , that rather then any empty Interval should happen betwixt them , one Generation should fold and lap over another . These three degrees were most visibly conspicuous in the Levites , which till five and twenty years of age , were learning Levites , thence till fifty , acting Levites , as being then in the strength of their age ) imployed in the portage of the Tabernacle , and after fifty , had a Writ of ease from bodily labour , though they may be presumed to be busied in the teaching of others . Pass we now to explain what it is to serve our Generation . To serve it , is to discharge our consciences according to Gods will in his word , to our superiours , equals , inferiours , all persons to whom we stand related in our generation . And the more eminent the person is in Church and State , the more are his references multiplyed , and the more publick and ponderous the service is which he is to perform . Nor must it be forgotten , that David was a King , in which respect it was proper for him to rule and command his own Generation ; and yet it is said , he served the same . Princes are not priviledged by their greatness , only to tyrannize over others , but are accountable to God , how well they discharge their duty to all such to whom they are respected . Proceed we to see how David served his generation , which he did in an eight-fold capacity . First , as a dutiful son to his Father and Mother , 1 Sam. 22.3 . And David went thence to Nizpeh of Moab , and he said unto the King of Moab , Let my Father and Mother , I pray thee come forth , and be with you , till I know what God will do for me . And be brought them before the King of Moab , and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold . The case was thus , David foresaw that the tempest of Sauls fury would fall full heavy on his Fathers family ; he foresaw also that though he himself might be alwayes on the wing , hunted from place to place as a Partridge on the Mountain , yet his aged Parents could not keep pace with his suddain , uncertain , unseasonable , late and long removeance , and therefore as a dutiful son , he provided for them a private place of peaceable repose . Secondly , he served his generation as a very loving Brother , witness the dangerous visit ( whith at his Fathers command ) he gave his Brethren in the Camp , ( when Goliah was in the field ) victualling them with all necessary provision , on the same token that he received nothing for his pains save a jeer from Eliab his eldest brother . 1 Sam. 17.28 . Why camest thou down hither ? and with whom hast thou left those few sheep in the wilderness ? I know thy pride and the naughtiness of thine heart ; for thou art come down , that thou mightest see the battle . Thirdly , he served his ganeration as a kind and carefull Husband . I will not excuse his Polygamy , having many wives at once , nor dare I flatly condemn it , God conniving thereat in the antient Patriarches . However David cannot be charged with want of love amongst his store of wives . Once I confess he made a tart and sharp return to Miehal , 2 Sam. 6.21 . mocking him for dancing before the Ark. But was there not a cause , when through the sides of David she struck at all true devotion ? and smartness on such occasion is zeal , and no trespass against Marital affection . Fourthly , he served his generation as a tender Father indeed ; he faulty , it was in the excess , being over-indulgent to Absolom and Adoniah , whom he never took to task nor called to account , ( 1 Kings . 1.6 . ) Why have you done so ? ( and seeing he would not use the rod on them , God therefore used them as a rod on him ) such cockerings we confess is a catching disease amongst us parents ; but to give David his due , for the main , he behaved himself no doubt as a discreet and tender Father to his numerous issue . Fifthly , he was a fast and faithful Friend ; witness the exchange of hearts as well as cloathes , which passed betwixt him and Jonathan : yea David made a tripartite expression of his affection . 1. He loved Jonathan in his life . 2. Lamented him at , 3. Shewed mercy to him , after his death , 2 Sam. 6.3 . in restoring Nephiboseth to all his lands , and making him Fellow-Commoner at his own Table ; So that we may truly say and justifie the expression , There was two men , Jonathan and David ; and it will be made good by the Rules of Amity , if any question the phrase in the Rule of Grammer . Sixthly , he was a loyal Subject , whereof he gave two signal testimonies , like to find more to admire then to imitate them amongst posterity , if any should chance to be estated in his condition with the same advantage : For being Reversion'd to the Crown , he twice had an opportunity ( if so pleased ) to put himself into the present possession thereof . Once when he had Saul in the Cave , 1 Sam. 24.5 . and his heart smote him for being over-bold with Gods annointed , though he did but cut off a skirt of his Garment . Again , 1 Sam. 26.12 . When he found Saul a sleeping , and ( if so disposed ) might have left him a sleeping , till the sound of the last Trumpet should summon him to awake . A surly General walking the Round , and finding one of his Centinels asleep , nailed him with his spear to the earth , and excused his act with this jest , ( whether witty or cruel , let others judge ) Dormientem inveni , Dormientem reliqui ; Sleeping I found him , and sleeping I left him . David might have done the like , especially seeing Abisha ( not to say Providence ) impelled him thereunto , but would not ( as having a principle of piety within him , which remonstrated against such proceedings . ) Seventhly , he was a prudent Soveraign both in peace and war , in Court and Camp , for the space of full forty years , going in and out before the people of Israel , whom he ruled prudently with all his might . I confess his son Absolom taxed him with neglect of the affairs of State , 2 Sam. 15.3 . that no man was deputed by him to hear the causes and redress the grievances of his oppressed subjects . But what saith our plain proverb , Ill will never speaks well . And therefore I listen to Absoloms words as to a loud Libell ; and we should be no less injurious to our own judgements then to Davids innocence , in giving credit to a proud ambitions son , against an holy and humble Father . Eightly and lastly , David served his generation as a gracious Saint ; this was the Diamond of the Ring , and I have kept the best wine for the last , to close and conclude Davids character therewith . He is termed in this Chapter , ver . 22. a man after Gods own heart , being the best transcript or copy of the best Original . Objection . But you wittingly , and willingly , and wilfully , will some say , have suppressed and concealed a necessary truth , because tending to Davids disparagement . Saint Paul saith , Titus 3.3 . that some men serve divers lusts and pleasures , and so did David himself . He did not serve his generation , but his own wicked wantonness , when he imbroydered his Adultery with Bathsheba , with the Murder of Uriah . Answer . O not a word , not a syllable , not a letter , not a tittle hereof . God hath forgotten it , why should man remember it ? God hath cast it behind his back , why should we cast it in the teeth of Davids memory ? let us never mention it to his disgrace , but for our own direction ; Partly to teach us not to trust in our selves , lest we fall into sin ; partly to comfort us , that after sin committed , pardon is obtainable on our unfeigned repentance . Yea this is a very comfortable consideration , That though there be many faults , failings and defects in our performances , yet if there be sincerity ( Gospel perfection ) therein , if our hearts be set to seek the Lord God of our Fathers , God will be mercifull unto us , though we be not purified according to the purification of the Sanctuary . Thus Lot ( not withstanding the soul fact of Incest committed by him ) is called a righteous man , 2 Pet. 2.8 . Men opprobriously taint and term people by the obliquity of one irregular act , which with uncharitable tongues is enough to ecclipse , yea extinguish the credit of all other graces in him ; but God doth Denominate and Epithite persons from the rectitude of the general habit of their lives ; yea , by him such shall be reputed , accepted , received to serve our generation . To conclude the point , he was a witty man who first taught stones to speak by engraving of Epitaphs upon them : But he was a wicked man who first taught stones to lie , abusing posterity with notorious untruths in flattering Inscriptions on many Monuments ; but I call malice it self to witness , whether the ensuing Epitaph might not with modest truth being raved on Davids Sepulchre ; Here lieth interred the Corpse of him who when living , was a dutiful Son , a loving Brother , a kind Husband , a tender Father , a faithfull Friend , a loyall Subject , a provident Soveraign , a gracious Saint ; in a word , one who served his own Generation after the will of God. But should I stop here , I should not do right to Davids deserts . Be it known , that besides the serving his own Generation , David did and doth serve all Generations in the world as long as time shall last , as being the instrumental Author of the Psalms . Far be it from me to make odious comparisons between either persons or things that are eminent , or to set difference betwixt Gods Word ( as once the Disciples fell out amongst themselves which should be the greatest ) which is the most heavenly part thereof ; but surely the Psalms are inferiour to no part of the Old Testament . The Rabins have a fond conceit , that Manna did relish in the mouths of men as the Eaters thereof did fancy to themselves , having the Gust of flesh , fish or fowl , roast , boyl'd , or bak'd , as the eater thereof did wish or desire : I call this a fond conceit , as contrary to an express in Scripture , Exod. 16.31 . wherein the taste thereof is confined to wafers made with honey . But this I will boldly say and maintain , that the Psalms of David shall relish to an hungry soul , as he shall ( not out of humour and causeless fancy , but ) judiciously desire it . Wouldst thou have it taste bitter ? it shall taste bitter and reprove thee ; taste sweet ? it shall taste sweet and comfort thee ; taste betwixt both , bitter-sweet ? it shall bitter-sweet counsel and advise thee . Proceed we now to application : It serveth to confute three forts of people ; First , the covetous , who are so far from serving their Generation , that they will scarce serve themselves , and allow necessaries for their own comfortable subsistance . Secondly , the voluptuous man , who only serveth himself and is good to no other . These instead of saying , Let us fast and pray ; say , Let us eat and drink for to morrow we shall die . Thirdly the superstitious man , who immureth himself in a Cloyster , crying his life up for an high piece of holiness , burying both his parts and person therein . Surely the Church and State he liveth in , may justly commence a suit , and have an action of debt against him , for not repaying them proportionably to his abilities , who by his laziness will not serve his Generation . Others there are , who are so far from serving their Generation , That they disserve it , and do much mischief thereunto , either by their bad writings or vicious examples . Bad writings , either scurrilous against modesty , or scandalous against charity , or blasphemous against piety , as either in maintaining erroneous opinions , or defending vicious practises ; such black broods are bad whilest in their nests , concealed in the studies of their Authors , but well worse when fledg'd and flown abroad into the world , so that it is not in the power of the Hen to clock in her own Chickens again , and recall what they have composed . Secondly , they are not only unprofitable , but destructive servants to posterity , who leave the Copies of bad examples behind them , so that they know not when they have done sinning ; yea it is to be seared , that whilst their souls are suffering in a woful place , they still may be sinning here on earth . If it be true what Symmachus faith , Author est bonorum sequentium qui bonum relinquit exemplum ; By the same proportion , he that liveth an ill Precedent , is the Father and Founder of all the evil which may insue thereupon ; like Jeroboam seldom mentioned in Scripture but with his train sweeping after him , the son of Nebat which made Israel to sin . God grant that when we die , our sins may be buried in our Graves , or rather ( which is a more Christian expression , and more conformable to the proportion of Faith ) that before we die , our sins may be buried in Christs grave , pardoned and forgiven unto us , especially that we leave not behind us ill examples for the poysoning and perverting of such as shall survive us . For as it is said of Abel , Heb. 11.4 . He being dead yet speaketh : so it is sadly true of many who are dead and rotten , that they still lye , curse , swear , here on earth , occasioning the same in others by their wicked patterns and practises they have left behind them . Objection . But some will plead themselves priviledged and exempted from serving their Generation , because of the badness thereof . David ( say they ) had some comfort in , and credit by serving his Generation , having for his Time-fellows so many Worthies in all professions . Worthy Priests , Abimelech , Abiathar , Zadock ; worthy Captains , Joab , Abishar , Benaiah , the son of Jehojedah ; worthy Statesmen , Husha , Adoniram ; worthy Prophets , Nathan , Gad , &c. Whereas I live in such a Generation , that all the bad Epethites in the old and new Testament may truly be applyed thereunto . A stubborn generation , a froward generation , Psal . 78.8 . A rebellious generation , a generation that set not their heart aright , and whose Spirit is not stedfast with God. A generation of vipers , Mat. 3.7 . A faithless generation , Mat. 17.17 . Whether you take it in Divinity for lack of belief towards God , or in morality for want of truth and trust towards man ; and who can find in his heart to serve so wicked a generation ? Some will say , ( further to improve this Objection ) O that I had been born some years after the persecution in the Reign of Queen Mary , that so my threescore and ten years , the age of man , might have run parallel with the prosperous times of Queen Elizabeth , King James , and King Charles , and have determined and expired some years before the beginning of our late civil wars : Had my nativity been fixed in that peaceable position , O then I would willingly , and readily , and chearfully , and joyfully , and thankfully have served my own generation ; whereas now I have no list , and less comfort to do it , being condemned to live in so wicked an age , made up of the dregs of time , the badness whereof is more dangerous then difficult to describe , and may with more safety be confest by the hearers , then exprest by the Preacher in his place . Answ . I have three things to return in answer hereunto . First , grant the Objector speaketh very much of truth herein , yet if the times be so bad as he complaineth , their badness will serve for a toyl to set off his goodness , and render it the more conspicuous , making him , Phil. 2.15 . to shine the brighter , as a light in the World , in the midst of a crooked and perverse Nation . Alas , thy little faith would have made no show , hadst thou lived in the age of Abraham ; thy Patience would have seemed but a dwarf to the Gyant patience of Job , hadst thou been his contemporary ; thy meekness had appeared as nothing , if measured with the meekness of Moses , had you been partners in the same generation . Whereas now a little Faith , Patience , Meekness , and so of other graces , will make a very good presence in the publick , if the Age thou livest in be so bad as thou dost complain , and others perchance do believe . Secondly , I suspect this to be nothing else but a device of thy deceitful heart , thereby to cozen thine own self . The Objection speaks the state of thy soul to be much like the temper of the Scribes and Pharisees , Mat. 23.30 . If we ( say they ) had been in the dayes of our Fathers , we would not have been partaker with the blood of the Prophets . Yet these pretended pittiful persons were indeed more cruel then their Ancestors . Their Fathers killed the Men , they the Master ; their Fathers the Servant , they the Son ; their Fathers murdered the Prophets of God , they the God of those Prophets , so far forth as he was murderable in his humane nature ; and it is vehemently to be suspected , that if thou beest bad now , thou wouldst not have been good , had the time of thy Nativity answered thine own desire . It is a shrewd presumption , that he who behaved himself as a Woolf in his own generation , would not have been a Lamb in what Age soever he had lived . Lastly , Beggars must be no choosers ; thou art not to serve the generation before thee , nor the generation after thee , nor any other of thy own election , but thy own generation , wherein Divine Providence hath been pleased to place thee , Saint Paul saith , Ephesians 5.22 . Wives submit your selves unto your own Husbands . Some will say , had I such an one to my Husband , I could willingly obey him , he is of so meek , mild and sweet a disposition , but mine is of so morose and froward a nature , it goes against my nature to be dutiful unto him . However , though she hath not the same comfort , she hath the same cause of submission , obliging in conscience to Gods command ; husbands must love their own wives , wives obey their own husbands ; husbands and wives with David , must serve their own generation . But now that my sword may cut on both sides , as hitherto we have confuted such who are faulty in their defect , and will not serve their generation ; so others offend in the excess , not being only servants , but slaves and vassals to the age they live in , prostituting their consciences to do any thing ( how unjust soever ) to be a Favourite to the Times : Surely a cautious concealment is lawful , and wary silence is commendable in perilous times . Amos 5.13 . It is an evil time , therefore the wise shall hold their peace . And I confess that a prudential compliance in Religion in things indifferent , is justifiable , as also in all civil concernments , wherein the conscience is not violated : but wherein the will of the times crosseth the will of God , our Indentures are cancelled from serving them , and God only is to be obeyed . There is some difference in reading the precept , Rom. 12.11 . occasioned from the similitude of the words in the original , ( though utterly unlike in our English tongue ) some reading it serving the Lord , others serving the time . I will not dispute which in the Greek is the truer Copie , but do observe that Davids precedent in my Text , is a perfect expedient , to demonstrate that both Lections may and ought to be reconciled in our practise : He served his generation , there is serving the times ; but what followeth ? by the will of God , there is serving the Lord ; this by him was , by us must be performed . Saint Stephen , Acts 7.2 . began his Sermon to the people with these words , Men , Brethren , and Fathers ; which words I thus expound and apply . By Men , he meant young folk , which had attained to the strength and stature of men , and were much younger then himself . By Brethren , those of his own standing and seniority in the world ( probably forty years old or thereabouts ) and therefore he saluted such with a familiar Appellation as a badge of equallity . Thirdly Fathers , being aged people , more ancient then himself , as appeareth by his term of respect addressed to persons distanced above him . This distinction will serve me , first perfectly to comprise , then methodically to distinguish all my Auditors in this Congregation . I begin with you men , which are of the Generation rising , it being bootless for me to address my self to children not arrived at their understanding , concerning whom I turn my preaching to them into praying for them , and wish them good success in the name of the Lord. It is your bounden duty to omit no opportunity to inform your selves both in Learning and Religion , from those that living with you are of more age and experience , and demean your selves unto them with all reverence and respect . O let them go fairly their own pace and path to their graves . Do not thrust them into the pit with your preposterous wishes . Filius ante diem , O when will he die and his name perish ! rather endeavour to prolong the dayes of your Parents by your dutiful deportment unto them , stay but a while , and they will willingly resign their room unto you , in earnest whereof those superannated Bazzilbaes do contentedly surrender the lawful pleasures of this life , 2 Sam. 20.37 . to you their Chimchams , their sons and successors , to be by you with sobriety and moderation peaceably possessed , and comfortably enjoyed . You Brethren , who are pew-fellows in the same Age with my self , who are past our vertical point , and are now entred into the Autumn of our life , give me leave to bespeak you with becoming boldness , familiarity beseeming those of the same form together ; there is a new Generation come upon , let us therefore think of going off the Stage , endeavouring so to Act our parts , that we may come off , not so much with applause from man , as approbation from God. If we live long , we shall be lookt upon as the barren fig-tree that combereth the ground ; we must make room for succession , as our fathers have done for us . And set this be our greatest care , to derive and deliver Religion in all the foundamentals thereof , in as good a plight and condition to our sons , as we received it from our Fathers . O let us leave Gods house as tenantable as we found it , let it not be said , that we willingly let the fair Fabrick of Faith and good life to run to ruine in our , so that the next Age may justly sue us for Dilapidations . When our Saviour said unto his Disciples , Mat. 26.21 . Verily I say unto you , that one of you shall betray me , they were exceeding sorrowful , and began every one of them to say unto him , Lord is it I ? yea Judas himself lagging at last with his , Is it I Lord ! and was returned with , Thou saist it . Thus at the last day of judgment shall all generations be arraigned before God. But to confine our Application only to those three within the last sixscore years ; if God should say unto them , One of you have betrayed my truth , how would it put them all upon their particular purgation ! Is it I Lord ? saith the first generation in the reign of King Edward the sixt ; surely they shall be acquitted who in the Marian dayes sealed the truth with their blood . Is it I Lord ? saith the second generation , lasting all the Reign of Queen Elizabeth to the middle of King James . That also will be cleared as publickly preserving the purity of true Doctrine in the thirty nine Articles . What a shame shall it be , if when our age shall ask with Iudas , Is it I ? we shall be returned , thou hust said it . Yours is the Age that hath betrayed my Truth to Errour , Unity to Faction , Piety to Prophaness ; sad , when such a Fact shall be so clear that it cannot be denied , and yet so foul that it cannot be defended . However this my too just fear may consist with hope of better things of you , and such as accompany salvation . I must conclude with you Reverend Fathers , whom my loyalty cannot pass by without doing my due homage to the Crown of your Age , especially if it be found in the way of truth . Give me leave to tell , you belong to that generation which is passed out of this world : not only the Van or Front , and also the main body and battel of your Army are marched to their graves ( and their souls I hope to heaven ) whilst Divine Providence for reasons best known to himself , hath reserved you to bring up ( as I may say ) the very rear of the rear of your generation . O do not mistake this Reprieve for a Pardon ; and here give me leave to use a plain but expressive Similitude . Have you never seen a wanton child run a firebrand against the Hearth or back of the Chymney , and so on a suddain make a skie of sparks ? of which sparks some instantly expire , others continue a pretty time and then go out , others last a little longer , whilest one or two ( as having a greater stock of soot to feed them ) hold out a good while , but at last are extinguisht . Man is born to labour , as sparks do fly upward , some presently go out wasted from the womb to the winding-sheet ; others live to ripe men , others to be old men ; some whose temper and temperance are more signal then in others , to be counted wonderous old , but all at last die and fall to the earth . We read , Rev. 10.2 . of an Angel who had his right foot on the Sea , and his left on the earth . This may seem a strange stride , save that it abateth the wonder , because Angels when pleased to assume bodies , may extend themselves to a vast ( though finite ) proportion . But you , though meer men , and weak men , must stride a greater distance ; having your left foot already in the Grave , endeavour to have your right foot in Heaven , and waving all love of this world , set your minds and meditations alone on God and godliness . In a word , whatever our Age be , rising , shining , or setting , Men , Brethren or Fathers , let us endeavour with David in my Text , according to the will of God to serve our own Generation . Come we now to the sad occasion of our present meeting , to perform the last Christian Office to our Deceased Brother , well known to many of you , and to none better then to my self . A child is like a man in the similitude of parts , though not of degrees , and in some measure he did sincerely with David serve his Generation . He was a dutiful Son unto his aged Mother , as she cannot but confess , and will I hope ( as occasion is offered ) remember and reward it to his wife and children . A loving Brother , a kind Husband , and I doubt not but his widdow will discharge her mutual affection to him in his relations . Bathsheha thus describeth a good wife , Pro. 31.12 . She will do her Husband good and not evil all the dayes of her life . It is not said , all the dayes of his life , but of her life . What if he should chance to die , and she to survive him , yea after to marry again , ( as God forbid any should be debarred marrying in the Lord , especially for their own and childrens advantage ) yet still she would do good unto him all the dayes of her life . To him , that is to his memory , mentioning with respect : to him , that is to his children and friends , careful over the one , and curteous over the other . He was a tender Father and faithful Friend , witness the many volunteer mourners , ( an unusual proportion for a person of his quality ) who at their own charge have habited themselves , that the outward sadness of their cloaths might express the inward sorrow of their hearts : He was an excellent Master , having bred many good workmen in his Vocation , and I hope they will prove good husbands too . Let me add , he was an excellent subject ; for according to that which his conscience ( with many others ) conceived to be loyalty : he lost much of , and hazarded all his estate . Lastly and chiefly , he was a good Saint , having more piety then he shewed , and as daily he consumed in his body , he was strengthened in his soul in Faith through Christ , whereof he gave many testimonies before , towards , and at his death . What shall I speak of his parts of Nature , so far above his education and profession , that he might have past for a Scholar amongst Scholars , for his wit and pleasant expressions : But God now hath made him his free-man , and paid him his wages for so well serving his Generation . THE CROVVNE OF RIGHTEOUSNES : OR , The glorious Reward of FIDELITY In the Discharge of our DUTY . SERMON . LIII . 2 TIM . 4.7 , 8. I have fought a good fight , I have finished my course , I have kept the Faith : Henceforth there is laid up for me a Crown of Righteousness , which the Lord , the Righteous Judge , shall give me at that Day : and not to me only , but unto them also who love his Appearing . I Shall not detain you by any impertinent Preface , sith the shortness of time for this Service , together with the indulgence of this so Learned an Auditory , anticipates an Apology , and gives hope of much Candor , under so manifold Impr●…parations . And so I address my self to the serious business of my Text ; The scope whereof amounts to this sum ; Namely , to comfort Timothy about the night approach of Saint Pauls Martyrdeme , mentioned , ver . 6. The arguments of consolation are two , each depending on the other . The first taken from his Holy course of life , constantly continued , comfortably finished , ver . 7.2 . The second ; from the certainty of his Blessed estate , assured to him after this Life , ver . 8. And indeed , the Apostle seems to put on him the effection of a dying Father , willing to inhibit , or at least to moderate the passions ( which like Ambergreese may do well in a compound of grace ) of his indeared children , encompassing , as Jacobs Sons , his Death-bed ; as if he had thus drropt his words upon them : What do yethus weeping and breaking my Heart ? God , my own Conscience , your selves are witnesses , how holily , and without crime , I have passed the time of my sojourning here , God , by his grace hath ( according to his promise ) preserved me blameless unto the end : You know what happy things he hath prepared for them that love him , in the Beginnings whereof my Soul shall enter , at my Dissolution ; the fulness , and consummation I expect at that great and notable day of the general Resurrection , and Retribution : Right so the Apostle here , to the same effect , to comfort Timothy , whom ( having begotten him spiritually through the Gospel , to the Faith of Christ ) he found even as a Natural Son , with his Father most affectionately tender , obedient and observant , unto his very last expiration : I am now ready to be offered , and the time of my departure is at hand ; ( yet nevertheless be comforted , for ) I have fought a good fight , &c. and henceforth , there is laid up for me a Crown of righteousness , &c. This for the Context , and scope of this Scripture . I have fought a good fight . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the expression is borrowed from those who strive for masteryes , and after a sharpe incounter , or heat of Contention , do at last prove Conquerors . I have finished my Course , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est . Cursum certaminis , qualis est eorum , qui in stadio currunt , as Estius expounds it ; The speech being taken from such as run in a race , who give not out till the prize be obtained , see 1 Cor. 6.24 , 25 , 26. I have kept the Faith. ] That is , That Fidelity , or trust , and faithfulness , which he had constantly made good in the discharge of his Apostleship , and Ministery , in preaching the Gospel far and neer , throughout many Regions , from the time of the first Commission of the same , unto his Dispensation : The Apostle in his own practise , accomplishing that , which he required in all other the Stewards of like sacred Mysteries , 1 Cor. 4.2 . for this also , he gave God thanks , for counting him faithful , in putting him into the Ministery , committing the glorious Gospel unto his trust , 1 Tim. 1.11 , 12. upon which he was assured of his , Euge , Bone serve , & fidelis . Well done , good and faithful Servant , enter into thy Masters joy . Ere I come to the more particular elucidation of the parts , I may not omit to mention those quaeries , and resolutions , which some of the antient Fathers have not unprofitably raised , & given upon these words . The first whereof is this ; Whether Saint Paul did not , under this profession , boast in a kind of vaunting ostentation ? Answ . To this St. Chrysostome makes answer thus ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , He doth not magnifie himself , or boast in any way of vain-glorious Ostentation , ( a sin which , else where , he extreamly cautions against , Phil. 2.3 . Gal. 2.16 ) but they are the words of a Saint , uttered in a modest , meek , and humble protestation , whereby he owneth the graces of God within him , and gives all the glory in their vigorous exercise , to God the Original Fountaine , and bestower of them . Quaest . Whether Saint Paul did well to Commemorate , and make mention of his gracious Actions , and good Deeds ? Answ . To which Saint Gregory makes answer thus ; Fas est viris fanctis in morte recordari , imo & recolere virtutes vitae actae , &c. It is lawful for Holy men , and Saints of God , in Death to recollect , and to recount the vertuous deeds of their former lives past ; Not indeed , as an occasion of exaltation in themselves for the same ; But , Ut fiduciam pr●beant , & desporantem timorem premant , for the suppression of fear , and Desperation , in the last Houre ; in as much as good works are the fruit of a saving Faith ; that , as Faith justifies the person in a Correlation to Christs merits , ( it as an hand receiving , apprehending , and applying them as all-sufficient to the soul ; ) so good works ( being the way to eternal life , Eph. 2.10 . ) Declaratively , and Praesentially justifie the Faith , shewing it not to be Counterfeit or dead , but Real , and living ; It being the innate property of such a Faith to be vivacious , manifesting it self in its godly Operations : Hence was the saying of the Schoole Divines , that Charitas was forma virtutum , Charity ( which is the sum of the Law ) confisting in love towards God , for his own sake , and towards our Neighbour , for Gods sake , it was the Form of the Theological Vertues : Not but that Faith , and Hope , and other graces of the Spirit , have their own several and particular Formes , which do specifically form them to their own Identical Natures , and diversifie them from others , so that Faith is not Hope , nor Hope is not Charity ; but for that love , doth as it were , form them to acceptability before God , to this purpose may be applicable that practise of zealous Nehemiah , Chap. 13.14 . Remember me , O my God , ( saith he ) concerning this , and wipenot out my good Deeds , that I have done for the House of my God , and for the Offices thereof : and the like is that we also read of good King Hezekiah , upon a Summons to Death , Isa 38.3 . And he said , Remember now , O Lord , I beseech thee , how I have walked before thee in Truth , and with a perfect heart , and have done that which is good in thy sight . A third Quaerie is , Whether Saint Paul spake all this , as out of a self-confidence , without having an eye to Gods Divine assistance therein ? Answ . To which , saith venerable Bede , Absit ut tantus Doctor ignoraverit legem Dei , Deut. 8.17 . God forbid that so great a Doctor should be unacquainted with the word of God , which teacheth utterly to declaim all self-power , though it were but to become wealthy , or potent , even in things Temporal ; yea , himself seriously acknowledgeth all spiritual sufficiency to be of God , 2 Cor. 3.5 . evermore ascribing the total of his supernaturals to the free grace of Christ , 1 Cor. 15.10 . through whose strength alone it was that he discharged his Trust in the Gospel , and went through with all other gracious performances , Phil. 4.13 . The fourth , and last Querie is , How Saint Paul came to know so assuredly , that there was a Crown of Righteousness laid up for him in Heaven ? Answ . To which some answer , that he had it by Revelation extroardinary , as an Apostolical priviledge daigned to him from God , the better to chear him on in the course of the Gospel , and to steel his resolutions against all opposers of the glorious truth therein revealed : or , as Anselme thus , He had that assurance , Non re plenissima , sed spe firmissima : grounded upon a firm hope , and expectation : But of this more anon . Having thus pointed at the Quaeries : I come now to the more particular handling of the words , out of which I observe two general parts , 1. A solemn profession of the discharge of his Office , verse 7. 2. A large Remuneration , and Reward of that Discharge , ver . 8. In the former , we have ; 1. The Person , I. 2. His Act , fought . 3. The object of that Act , A fight . 4. The quality of that fight , A [ good ] fight . 5. The time of all this noted from the expression in the Proeter tense , I [ have ] fought , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I have fought a good fight : the rest of the words in this verse I take to be upon the matter , but as the exegesis , and exposition of the former . In the second main part , the reward ; We have it amplified . 1. By the Donor , or bestower of it , The Lord , described here by a Periphrasis , and styled , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Righteous Judge . 2. By the Title given to it , A Crown of Righteousness . 3. By the manner of it , it is laid up . 4. By the time of Donation , In that Day . 5. By the persons to whom bestowed , To Paul himself ; and that , not by any restrictive enclosure , as if only to himself , and to none other besides ; but by a farther expansion , it reacheth unto others with himself ; provided they be found under due qualification of loving the appearance of the Judge ; Not unto me only , but unto them also that love his appearing . These , at least , as to my observation , are the parts of this Scripture ; which being so many , I must be constrained , as the Disciples passing through the Corn-fields upon the Sabbath day , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to pluck but an ear , or two of the choysest notice ; or as some Lapidaries of rich Jewels are wont , shew them only in a short cursory view , and so lay them up again , The first words , I have fought a good fight , admit of a divers Interpretations , yet each of them suitable to the Analogy , and proportion of Faith. They may then be taken , either as the expression of Sain Paul himself , quatenus Apostolus , as under the notion of an Apostle : or else as a Christian , in the condition with other Members of the Church of Christ with himself , for that we read in the close of the eighth verse , The Crown of Righteousness was laid up for all that loved the appearing of the Lord. If we take them in the former sense , then from the first particular , The Person ; The note of Magalian is opposite , Stus Paulus Dux fuit , & antesignamus earum quoe proecipiebat ; That we look at Saint Paul as an exemplary leader to all his successors , ( though indeed not in an Apostolical Latitude , yet ) in the office , and work it self of the Ministery , practically first doing what he would have others to observe in , and about the dispensation of the Gospel : see Phil. 4.9 . And this was our Saviours own Course , Act. 1.1 . He began to do and Teach , first to do , and then to Teach ; it s noted by Barradius upon that Prophesie , Isa 9.6 . which had relation to our Saviour , it was said , The Government should be upon his shoulders ; intimating , that himself would first bear in his own person , what he intended to impose upon others , to wit , in things capable of Imitation ; even as he said unto John Baptist , when he tender'd himself to be Baptized of him , and he in an humble renuence grew shy , as deeming himself unworthy of so great an Honour , Mat. 3.15 . Suffer it to be so now , saith he , for thus it becometh us to fulfil all Righteousness ; Hac est enim Justitia , ut quod alterum facere velis , prior ipse incipias , & tuo alios horteris exemplo , as Saint Ambrose expounds the words ; This was righteousness , that is , an equal , and just thing , that what thou wouldest have another to observe , and do , thou thy self shouldest first exemplisie in thine own actions suitably ; whereunto was that serious advise of Saint Paul unto his Son Timothy , 2 Tim. 4.16 . Take heed unto thy self , and unto thy Doctrine , for so thou shalt both save thy self , and those that hear thee ; Where the chiefest heed was to be given to himself : Truly spake Saint Gregory , cum Imperio docetur , quod prius agitur , quam dicatur , Then shall we with Authority speak what we do , when we do what we speak : But this is a Discourse fitter for a Visitation , then a Funeral ; were it not , that it is at the obsequies of such a worthy Divine , ( for whom we now perform this last Christian good office ) whose practise herein was an accurate Comment upon the whole speech . From the second and third particular , ( in this acception of the words ) its obvious to every apprehension , that the work of the Ministery is a Fighting , yea , a continual Warfare : so Bruno , and with him Espencoeus observes , that where the Verb and Substantive run in the same termes , one conducing to , the other to perfect the Emphesis of the expression , there is evermore a [ Frequency ] of that Act implyed : I should but cast drops into the Ocean , to endeavour a large proof of so clear a Truth : Whilest Noah , both by his Lips and by his Hands ( in building the Arke ) was a Preacher of Righteousness , in the old world , was it not thus ? whilst the spirit of God ( in his Ministery ) strove with the obstinate corruptions of that wicked world , what aspersions , what oppositions , what misusages , and abasures had the Prophets in their dayes , being derided , traduced , misufed , insulted on , even for the Conscientious discharge of their Function ? the precious Sons of Sion comparable to fine Gold , how were they esteemed as earthen Pitchers , the work of the hand of the Potter ? Lam. 4.2 . And , who knows not the exact accomplishment of old Simeons Propecy of our Saviour himself , Luke 2.34 . How he was set for a sign , which was and should be spoken against , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for a signe of contradiction , he should be as a common mark , whereat the arrows of reproach shall be fully shot : Of all the Holy Apostles its noted , 1 Cor. 4.13 . They were made as the filth of the world , and the off-scouring of all things continually ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , signifieth that rejectament , which is scaped from the dirty pavement from whence the shooes gather defilement ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , it being a word in a Composition , carryes with it the greater Emphesis , and denotes the polluted rakings of the streets , fit for nothing but the common Dunghil ; In so low a state of abjection , and in so vile an esteem were those very Ambassadors of Heaven , among an Atheistical and crooked generation : our very Apostle here professeth , 1 Cor 15.32 . That he fought with beasts at Ephesus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which some would have meant Literally , of his being dilaniated , and rent in his body ( as many Primitive Christians were in the first Cruel times of raging persecution ) by wild Beasts ; to which Nero , that Dedicator Damnationis , as Tertullian slyles him , being himself a Lyon , was wont Tyrannically to cast the bodies of the Christians : But others better , in my poor understanding , expound it of those Ethical or Moral Beasts , who with Demetrius , and the rabble that cryed up the great Diana of the Idolatours Ephesians , so violently withstood and opposed Saint Paul , who cryed down that their abhominable superstition at Ephesus ; Act. 19. in which place a great door , and effectual was opened unto him , but there were many Adversaries , 1 Cor. 16.8 , 9. those Apostles indeed experimenting the proof of what their Lord and Master foretold them , that they must be sent forth even as sheep among Wolves , who would attempt to tear them in pieces : and which of us in particular , encounters not his discouragements ? Yea , woe is me ! We seem to be fallen into those times , wherein many men ( as if directly infatuated from Heaven ) out of a grosse misprision apprehend the Ministery it self the greatest inconvenience ; and ( that great cheat , that grand Pantomime of Christendome , the cunning Jesuit ) now almost bare-fac'd hath instilled ( as is feared ) so pernitious a principle into such as are ( for ought we can see ) willing to be deceived , as to question the office it self , and to dispute the Institution ; as if they would have men scorn the Physitian when sickest , and shun the Chirurgion when forest ; And ( which must be forgotten ) there not wanting some , who are apt to charge on that secret Calling , the occasion , if not the cause of all the Calamities of this latter Age : Just as those of whom Suidas reports , that they were wont to write with Ink or blood on a glass , and so set it against the Moon , making all those spots or blurres that were in the glass , to be in the Moon , and not at all in the glass , upon which alone they were written : mean while , never at all anatomizing their own Ulcerous , Corrupt insides , or repenting for their loathsome self-abhominations ( and among them as principle , for the contempt of Gods faithful Ministers . ) Which sins becoming so Epidemical , and National , as they are , call for Wrath and Indignation from the Lord , who is here styled in my Text , the Righteous Judge . And yet , though this be a Fight , nevertheless it is , for the quality , a [ good ] Fight , and that for these reasons ; First of all , because it s undertaken for the Faith of Christ , and for the Salvaof Souls , whereof even one single one is more worth than a whole World ; O what comfort will it be , in the day of retribution , when a faithful Minister , after all his sharp conflicts with the wayward oppositions of corrupt men , shall say ; Loe me , and the people , which thou hast given me , as the fruit of all my labour in thy Gospel , being able thus to give up an account with joy , and not with griefe . Secondly , Because it s undertaken for a good reward , which is no less , than a Crown of Kighscousness ; What Saint Gregory said of afflictions for a good Conscience , will hold here alone , Consideratio proemii minuit vim flagelli , The consideration of the Reward , abates of the Difficulty of the Fight ; even so it s noted of Moses , that having respect unto the recompense of the reward , he preferred the reproach of Christ to all the richest treasures in AEgypt , Heb. 11.26 . the same was it likewise that animated that noble Prophet under all his discouragements , and fruitless endeavours among men , Isa . 49.4 . I have laboured in vain , and spent my time for nought , yet surely my Judgment is with the Lord , and my work , that is the reward of my work is with the Lord ; who rewardeth his Ministers ; secundum laborem , though not secundum proventum , as Saint Bernard speaks according to their Labour , and pious endeavours , which themselves undergo in the Gospel , though not according to the success of their Labours , which is Gods alone to bestow . And thus farr of the words , in their first acception , uttered by Saint Paul as an Apostle . I might next consider them also , as spoken in the name of all other Christians at large , even of all such as , who love the appearing of the Lord. Christ Jesus at his coming . And under that notion of them , we may observe , That the Life of a Christian is a continual warfare upon the Earth , so Chrysologus , Christiano militars est , id quod vivit in seculo , suitable unto that of Job , Chap. 7.1 . Where the word rendered an appointed time , is by many translated a Warfare , which was hinted to us in the first enmity between the two seeds ; after again , in Esau and Jacob strugling together in the same womb ; and to this effect is that speech of our Saviour , I came not to send Peace on the Earth , but War , Division and variance , namely , between Grace and Corruption ; which was experimented mightily in the breast of this our Apostle , when the Law in his Members rebelled against the Law of his Mind , Rom. 7.23 . it was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a warring Law ; and elsewhere he faith , The flesh lusteth against the spirit , as the spirit lusteth against the flesh , Gal. 5.17 . and to the same purpose also Saint James , Chap. 4.1 . From whence come Warres , and Fightings among you ? Come they not hence , even of your Lusts , that Warre in your Members ? Surely Contention comes from Corruption ; see likewise , 1 Pet. 2.11 . Now , I might here take occasion to treat of the Doctrine of the spiritual Warfare , and pursuing the Metaphor , present you with those several things that concurre to make up a compleat Battaile ; as 1. A Bickering , and encounter it self , Nisi proecesserit pugna non potest esse Victoria , as Saint Cyprian , there cannot properly be said to be a Victory , where never was a fighting , delicata jactatio est , vbi periculum non est , it s but a fond , or effeminate kind of boasting of a Conquest , where never was danger . 2. In a Warre there must be Enemies , with whom to encounter , quis enim oertat nisi inimicum habet ? saith Prosper , there cannot be a Contention , where there is not an Adversary : Now in this Warfare , the great and the grand Adversary is the Devil , who , with an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is styled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , The Adversary , 1 Pet. 5.8 . Jam. 4.7 . He is as the chief Champion , the World also and the Flesh as under him . Sunt tria quoe tent ant Hominem , Mundus , Caro , Doemon . And in relation to the several Temptations of each of these , Schoolmen have given them distinct names , or Titles , being called by them , either Obrepentes , or Ascendentes , or Immissoe : Those which are from the World seem full of flattery , and creep one after a sort , insensibly , and deceive us ; Those from the flesh ascend , as it were out of our selves , therefore the more dangerous , because the less preceptible , they being so pleasing to Corrupt Nature , and a self-snare : Those from the Devil are sent from without , with more vehemency , therefore called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Darts , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Ephes . 6.16 . because cast into a man ; for in very deed the Devil knows no mans Heart . onely deales , at first , ( till after further experience ) by Conjecture ; all which ( if I had time ) it were easie to enlarge upon . 3. In a Warre , there must be Armes , and Weapons ; and to furnish our selves with these , we have a full Armoury , or panoply in the Holy Scriptures ; The whole armour of God we have for all sorts of Weapons , whether Offensive or Defensive , in Ephes . 6.13 , 14. &c. 4. There must be policies , or stratagems in War ; meanes to Circumvent , disappoint , over-reach , overthrow the Enemy , &c. These and many the like , are the parts to make up this spirituall warfare : all which must of necessity , ( if , as it ought to be spoken to fully ) willingross more time , than I have left to go through with my other business . Wherefore , waving that so copious a Theame , at this present ; I proceed on now to the second general part of my Division , which is the Remuneration , or reward of Saint Pauls fidelity in the discharge of his trust . in the Dispensation of the Gospel ; Henceforth is laid up for me a Crown of Righteousness , &c. Much ( but that I study Brevity ) might be said of the Dignity of this reward , it being stiled , a Crowne ; and largely also I might discourse of the certainty thereof proved , and assuredly to be made good , partily from the promise of God , of that faithful God , who is ever mindful of it , and never disappointeth a true believer of performance , namely , so as he promiseth , Esau 40.10 . Behold , the Lord God will come with a strong hand , and his arme shall rule for him , behold his reward is with him . See also Isa . 62.11 . and Psal , 31.19 . The Psalmist seemeth , after a sort , ravished , and in a kind of extasie , transported out of himself , in wonder at the meditation , O how great is thy goodness , which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee , which thou hast wrought for them that trust in thee , before the sons of men ! And elsewhere , Psal . 58.11 . Verily there is a reward for the righteous , doubtless he is a God that judgeth in the earth . And Heb. 6.10 God is not unrighteous to forget , &c. nor was ever any mans labour ( maugre the blasphemy of all those Infidels , Mal. 3.14 . ) in vain in the Lord , 1 Cor. 15.58 . See also Rom. 2.7 . And this is partly also to be made good from the meritorious expiation of the Lord Christ , the vertue whereof extended not onely to a deliverance from all paine and misery , which he purchased by his Passion ; but also to the opening a way to everlasting happiness , by his all-glorious Resurrection , and Ascension , Rom. 8.32.2 Pet. 1.11 . Joh. 14.2 . And lastly , this may be collected likewise from the present afflictions of Gods servants , 2 Thes . 1.5 . for else , as the present case now stands with them , they are in this life of all men else most miserable , 1 Cor. 15.19 . Now , the Schoolmen have reduced the sum of all the future Blessedness , and Reward , unto two main heads , which they stile , Dotes animoe , & Corporis ; as it were , the Dowries of the Soul and Body , both which , as they have been sharers in obedience , so shall they also be in the Compensation of the just reward . Those of the Soul are these . 1. The clear Vision of God , which they say is , tota merces , beholding him face to face , namely , so far as a finite Being ( for so our Humane Nature continues still , though glorified ) may be capable to apprehend of that Majesty , which is Infinite ; in this advanced condition , the Soul ( which is here clogg'd , and drossy , and much praegravated by the Body , subject to corruption ) shall beatifically see God , as he is , in the full splendor of his immortal glory ; whereas beneath , it seeth onely in part , and knoweth but in part , nor can the greatest part of our sublunary knowledge , make up the least part of our Ignorance ; the discovery that we have now of Heaven , is but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as by reflexion from a glass Darkly , being changed into the Image of God , by degrees , from one glory to another , 2 Cor. 3.18 . but then , all clowds shall be dispelled , the Intellectuall eyes fully cleared up into a perfect and bright serenity , and withall enjoy a sweet oblectation , Contentation and Delight accompanying that inexpressible and blisseful Vision . 2. In the will , perfect fruition of the Divine glory , tention , and ( for the measure of the Creature ) Comprehension , a compleate assimilation , and likeness to that glorious Majesty , in Holiness and Righteousness ; In those new Heavens dwelleth nothing but righteousness , 2 Pet. 3.13 . 3. In the whole Soul , Joy unspeakable and full of glory , 1 Pet. 1.8 . In the Body , 1. Impassibility , it is not , nor can be subject there to any Ach , Ague , or Paine , no discontenting or agonizing vexations whatsoever , All Tears shall be wiped away from our eyes , Rev. 7.17.2 . Agility , expedite quickness , free from all manner of Lumpish ponderosity , or defatigration whatsoever ; Yea moreove perfect Charity , and glorious splendor , such as the Sun it self , in its full Brightness partakes not of : Here below the Beauty of the Saints is shadowed , and much clouded , partly by the interposition of Hypocrifie ( Copper often passing before weak eyes for Gold , Formality for Reality ) eclipsing that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and simplicity which would both adorn the Gospel , and grace the purity of profession : partly also by afflictions , to which the godly are appointed in this life , where Christianus , is quasi Crucianus , and that Baptisme of blood , & Suffering is made the character of a true Believer , as that of Water is of an outward visible Member of the Church : And partly also by Corruption , which like spriggs , or suckers sprouting forth even under the choycest grasse , will sometimes be shewing of it self in the defection of our best actions , yea , in some particulars of Exorbltancy ; so that whereas , in these several regards , the Beauty of the Saints is much obtenebrized , and obscured , yet then shall they shine forth , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , even as the Sun from out of a Clowd , in full clarity , and refulgent * glory ; which was praefigured , after a sort , in that shining transfiguration of our Saviour upon the Mount , Mat. 17. When the vision was so glistering , and resplendant , that Peter could have been contented , ( though but from that glimpse of glory ) to have erected a Tabernacle , for a farther sight and Contemplation , he found it so sweet , that it was good to be there longer . 3. Lastly , To all this may be added Immortality , as the Diamond set in the ring of all the rest , their Mortality hath put on Immortality , the Body never more , after it is cloathed upon therewith , being subject unto Corruption , Death it self is then struck dead , and swallowed up in a final Victory unto all Eternity : . To which purpose ye may do well to meditate at leisure those very apposite and pertinent Scriptures , 1 Pet. 5.4.2 Cor. 5.1 . Rev. 2.11.1 Cor. 15.54.55 . compared with Hos . 13.14 . and to this purpose the places of blisse are styled c mansions , or abiding and resting places , John 14.2 . And this is the reward , couched under this Metaphor of a Crown , the Bliss whereof , indeed , transcends the skill , and tongue even of Angels themselves to express : Saint Paul speaking of the excellent goodness was treasured up , but in the gifts and graces of Regeneration in this life , saith even of them , that the natural eye hath not Seen , nor the ear Heard , nor hath it entred into the Heart of an unspiritualized man , to conceive the things which God hath prepared for them that love him , 1 Cor. 2.9 . Much less surely can this be done , Excellent glory above in Heaven ; Wherefore the joy thereof being so incomprehensible , as it is , when it could not enter into the faithful servant mentioned in the Gospel , then he was bid to enter into it , even into that joy of his Master , Mat. 25.21 . And thus far of the remuneration it self at large , both in the Certainty and the Dignity thereof , It is a Crown of Rightiousness . I come next to consider the Donor , or the Bestower of the same , the Lord , set forth unto us here , under the periphrasis of being 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , The Righteous Judge . Where note , saith the Roman Catholique , that the Reward is a Reward of Justice , not of favour , rende●…ed as a due debt , not given as a gratuitous benevolence , so Cajetan on the Text , Dicendo , reddet Justus Judex , debitum jus significate ; and , so by consequent , the good works , to which its rendered , are properly meritorious , and God shall be unjust if he deny them his due reward , even due of debt : But whilest these overweening spiders suck poyson , the Humble Bees draw honey from these fragrant and sweet flowers : To Cajetan ( though none of the meanest Schoolmen ) we may oppose Primasius , who hath this more solid expression , quomodo ●…st ac●…rona bebita redderetur , nisi prius illa gratuita donaretur ? How can that Crown be said to be rendered as due , unless first it was bestowed as free ? and again , oper a Bona sunt Dei bona , The Lord in crowning our good deeds , doth but reward us with his own gifts ; in this case we must be all constrained to say as David , on another occasion , 1 Chron. 26.14 . All things come of thee , and of thine own have we given thee ; Wherefore , Saint Paul ( the great Assertor of free grace ) hath styled most fitly life eternal it self , ( wherein consisteth the absolute consummation of all graces ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a free gift , Rom. 6.23 . a word not used in any Heathen Author , but peculiarized to the inspired penmen of Holy Writ ; besides , the manner of the Apostles expression is very remarkable , even in this very Text , where the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ is laid up ] and the other of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ shall give ] both these expressions imply a free donation , no meritorious purchase at all ; elsewhere , our reward in heaven is called an inheritance , Ephes . 1.14 . Act. 26.18 . which is a thing comming freely by descent unto the rightful Heir : Moreover , works meritorious , according to the determination of the Patrons of merit themselves ; They must be , 1. Nostra , our own works , wrought out of our own strength , and done by our own power , whereas the Evangelical Prophet hath otherwise assured us , Isa . 26.12 . Thou O Lord , faith he , hast wrought all our works in us , He means , gracious works : Alas , we are not such Silk-worms as to spin a thred of Felicity out of our own bowels ; we must remember that the highest style , which the Scripture gives the Saints , is but to be Vessels of Salvation , to receive the graces of God distilled into them from above ; Not Springs or Fountains to derive them to our selves ; and by the very Schoolmen themselves , the graces of the Spirit are called , Habitus infusi , Habits , not acquisite by frequent Acts , as moral vertues are , but infused by God into the Heart , Every good and perfect gift descending from above , as Saint James saith , Jam. 1.17 . Yea , it was the positive assertion of our Saviour himself , John 15.5 . Without me ye can do nothing , He means Acceptably ; He doth not say , as Saint Austin observes , sine me difficulter potestis , or , non potestis persicere , without me ye can hardly do any thing , or , ye are not able to bring any act unto perfection , but simply , and expressely thus , Without me , that is , without leaning upon me , having my special and gracious assistance , Ye can do nothing at all that is good and gracious ; and our Apostle also , elsewhere , professeth , that all our sufficiency , namely , in things supernatural , is meerly and solely of God alone ; 2 Cor. 3.5 . Therefore we may well conclude , that whatsoever good works there are in us , they be none of our own . Secondly , As they must be our own , so likewise are they , ( in the sense of those grand Impostors of the Christian world ) to be perfect , as in which nothing is to be found defective , nothing redundant ; whereas all our righteousness , as it is inhaerent in us , Alas ! it is but as a defiled , nasty , and polluted menstruosity , Isa . 64.6 . the highest pitch , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of perfection , that ( whilest we are clad with the raggs of our vile flesh ) we , the very best of us all , can attain to in this life , is ( as I have shewn elsewhere ) but to see , and to acknowledge our imperfections ; as in the clearest serenity of the Firmament , some speckling cloud may be discovered , so in our most accurate and exact performances , either in the Matter , or in the Manner , or in the Degree , measure or end of doing , we all prove some way defective ; even the very best things that we do , have enough in them to be pardoned , if the Lord should discusse them without mercy in a rigorous severity , and be so extream as to mark what in them is done amiss : To this effect the forementioned School Divines have styled the greatest Saints , as they are yet Members but of the Church militant on earth , but Viatores , walkers in the way , whose motion is but only progressive , not Comprehensors , till actually instated Members of the Church Triumphant above in glory , in the mean while , that maxime in Divinity is Orthodox and solid , Successiv●…rum non simul est esse , & perficere ; Those things which admit of a succession in their motion , or degrees of growth , their being and perfection is not all at once , nor altogether ; wherefore our very Apostle elsewhere , Phil. 3.12 , 15. professeth , though he were perfect , in regard of sincerity and uprightness , yet not so , in regard of the full measure : He was so in respect of Parts , he was not so in respect of Degrees , therefore he said , that he had not as yet fully apprehended , Fuit perfectus , spe future glorificationis , Fuit Imperfectus , ●…nere Corruptionis ; Fuit perfectus , expectatione muneris ; Fuit Imperfectus , fatigatione Certaminis , as most appositely to our present purpose , p Fulgentius : perfect he was , in the Hope of future Glorification : he was imperfect , under the burthen of present corruption ; He was perfect in the expectation of his reward , but yet imperfect being tyred under the great conflict , and encounter that he had with the opposers of the Gospel of Truth ; compleat perfection he professed not , much less may others , so far inferiour unto so great , and most illustrious a Saint , as Saint Paul was . 3. Works meritorious , as they must be our own and perfect , so also ( in their sense ) Indebita , more than due , super-erogatory transcending the Command ; whereas ( proud Catharists and brittle pot-sherds as they are ) they might observe what the great Law-giver hath declared in that Case , Luke 17.10 . When we have done all that we are able to do , we remain still most defective , and most unprofitable servants , and have at the utmost ( if we could reach to that ) done but duty . 4. Lastly , Works meritorious must be proportionata ad mercedem , exactly proportionable unto the just Reward ; but surely if ( as they cannot ) our Passions , and Sufferings cannot equal the Reward , much less can our Actions , or our imperfect doings ; sweetly singeth the Psalmist . God Crowneth indeed , but it is in his own meer mercy , and loving kindness , not for any possible desert in the primest Creature ; yea , it 's a maxime in the very Schoolmen themselves , That Principium meriti prius est merito , and that principlum is Gods free Grace , Mercy , favour . So , then , yeild all this : But , How then is it free , and yet a Reward of justice . Answ . Some answer thus , namely , by understanding Justice , in this Text , of Gods Fidelity , and faithfulness in keeping promise , as in that Text , 1 John. 1.9 . where 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , are joyned together , if we confess our sins , God is faithfull and Just to forgive us our sinnes : And in this sense , ( rightly apprehended ) its true indeed , to say that its Debita merces , A reward of Debt , because God hath , after a sort , bound himself by his own promise to give it unto us ; Promittendo se fecit Debitorem , faith Augustine , he hath made himself a Debtor to his Church by promise , in which only regard it is , that we may exigere Dominum , as he speaks , urge and press the Lord upon his word , so we read the Church under affliction did , Jer. 14.21 . Remember , break not thy Covenants with us ; 〈◊〉 are herewith , Neh. 1.8 . Deut. 9.5 . Others more directly give us this answer ; AEternal life , is in respect of us , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a meer Gratuity , or free gift ; But in respect of the personal merit of Christ , it s a reward of Justice ; The Lord Christ Jesus having purchased unto all his true Believers , by his Humiliation and Obedience , this Crown of their Imputative righteousness , how imperfect soever their own personal Righteousness was : And from this title of the Lord , his being a righteous Judge , all his faithful Servants may assuredly rest upon the Infallibility of the reward of their Service and Fidelity , sith the Lords own word , Equity and faithfulness is ingaged for it ; surely he is faithful who hath promised , Heb. 10.23 . nor can he fail or deny himself , 2 Tim. 2.13 . Yea , he himself is our shield and our exceeding great reward ; Gen. 15.1 . and indeed in enjoying God , we enjoy all happiness , and soul-satisfying Contentation ; wherefore it s not impertinently observed by the Hebrews , that in the Essential Name of God 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all the letters are Liter●…e quiescentes , Letters of Rest , to denote , and without God there can be no solid joy , or quietness of Soul , which will still be tossed in a kind of restless inconsistency , till it do indeed terminate at last in him ; which made that man , so much after Gods own heart ( as in a flame of servent zeal ) experimentally to put the question , Psal . 73.25 . Whom have I in Heaven but thee ? and there is none upon earth that I desire besides thee . The next particular that fals under my consideration is the time of donation , when this Reward is to be actually conferred , expressed to be [ in that day , and at the Lords appearing . ] These latter times , into which the ends of the world are fallen , abounding ( as men in old age ) with variety of phancies , have given us occasion to enquire , what day of the Lords appearance it is , which is here meant ? whether it be the great and notable day of the last general Judgment ; or else of some other manifestation of the Lord Christ upon earth , before that last day of all doth come ? There are some ( otherwise abundantly knowing ) whose wits have herein proved more wanton , than their Judgment sollid , whose apprehensions have led them to conjecture , if not to believe an appearance of the Lord Christ personally , in a way of raign and triumph , to be manifested upon earth a thousand years before the last day of the General Judgment : such , in the Greek expression , are called Chiliasts , and by the Latines , Millenaryes : some have fetched the name , and conceit so high as from Cerinthus , a Blasphemous Heretick ; even in the dayes of the Apostles themselves , who daringly avouching the Lord Christ to be no more than a meer man , and born after the common way of humane generation ( which gave occasion to Saint John , that soaring Eagle , to write that his so sublime Gospel , wherein , in the very entrance of it ( He proves his Divine Nature ) He gave out that after the resurrection , there should be in the great City Jerusalem , an outward way of pomp , and a kind of voluptuous indulgence to corporal vanities , and delights during the terme of a thousand years ; which opinion he was thought to have sucked from the breasts of the Jewish Synagogue , that people mistaking the nature and quality of Christs Kingdome , thinking it to be after an external glory , and not ( as it is indeed ) consisting within , in the soul , after a spiritual manner , ruling and raigning over the spiritual part of man : but this Blasphemer being exploded , and cryed down by all the Primitively-Orthodox Fathers , and Christians , as the Histories of those Times inform us . The next , who most clearly speak of it , or was , indeed , supposed the first who more directly vented the opinion , was one Papias Bishop of Hieropolis , as Eusebius acquaints us , a man of a weak and slender judgement , who if not utterly neglecting , yet but slightly valuing the Authority of the Holy Scriptures , pretended for his conceit , Apostolical Traditions ; and by reason of the venerable name of Antiquity , it is not to be denyed , but that some of the ancient Fathers received some tang of the same opinion from him , as may be seen , or collected of Justin Martyr , and in the end of Trajans time Apollinarius , Tertullian ( too much misled by Montane and Lactantius ) who were in part spiced with this Millenarisme ; so perilou a thing , it proves to the Supine , and out of a secure or careless disregard , to suffer Humane Tradition to become a Diotrephes , and to have the preheminence above the infallibity of the undoubted Scriptures ; which sacred , and unerring written Word of God doth hold forth ( as of certaine credibility inspired by the Divine , and first verity that can never deceive ) no such clear truth , that the Lord Christ shall in Person before the General Resurrection , come visibly , and corporally upon the earth , and as by a first resurrection cause all those who died in , and for him , to arise , and with him in a peaceful tranquility , and glory to reign , and to beare sway over the wicked , as Vassals , for a thousand years ; which date of time being expired , immediately shall ensue the General Resurrection , and the day of the last Judgement . No such evidential verity is demonstrated in Holy Writ , as of Absolute Necessity to be believed unto salvation : But whatsoever is alledged out of the propherick Scriptures for the stablishing of that opinion , is to be understood , either of the first coming of Christ in the flesh , or of the state of the N.T. in general ; or else , of the glorious estate of the Church triumphant to be expected hereaster in the eternal Kingdome for ever in Heaven , as Gerard judiciously : I have not time to alledge , or you patience to hear , on this occasion , the several Texts cited by the Chiliasts , or of the Orthodox ; many reverend , and renowned Divines have eased us all of that labour ; let it suffice , at the present , to take notice , from our Saviours own lips , that his Kingdome is not of this world , John 18.36 . but within us , Luke . 17.21 . and from Heaven ; and besides , we find , in our Creed ( which is founded on the Scriptures , and may in every article thereof be proved by them ) we find , I say , in our Creed , mention made but of two visible comings of Christ , the first in Humility to suffer , and to be judged ; the other , at the end of the world ( but not before ) in the glory of his Father , to judge the world , both quick and dead in righteousness ; and unto them that look for him , faith the great Apostle , shall he appear , the [ second ] time , without sin , that is , without suffering any more as a sacrifice for sin unto salvation , Heb. 8.28 . Leaving then those Millenarian conjectures to such as abound with leisure ; rest we in the solid determination of Orthodox , and stable judgements , who resolve by the day , and by the appearing here mentioned in this text , to be meant the last great day of the general Judgement , according to that Scripture , Acts. 17.31 . and the Lord Christ his second coming upon that day , in * glorious Majesty , unto the judgment of all the world : so that however ; those who labour in the Word and Doctrine , meet often with so great discouragements , that they seem to labour all in vain , and spend their strength for nought , as the Prophet speaks , Isa . 46.4 . yet surely their Judgement is with the Lord , and their work ; that is , the reward of their work is with the Lord ; his goodness is laid up for them ; O how great ! Psal . 31.19 . In the mean time , let it be our delight and contentment that we do our Masters work , not as by constraint , but willingly ; sith indeed such a vertuous service ever carryeth its own reward with it , as being a thing to be desired , and embraced for its own worth ; and certainly that sweet comfort , and complacency that a righteous soul findeth in the sincere discharge of this duty ( within its proper station ) in conscience of God , is infinitely more valuable than all the treasures the earth can afford without it ; only , as the Husbandman , we may not anticipate the season of the Harvest , but we must wait , and then in due time , we shall reap , if we fant not , Gal. 6.9 . Heb. 10.36.37 . and when the reward actually cometh , it ( being so large ) will abundantly recompence all our work , yea , end all our patience too ; sith the manner of it will be the more manifest , and conspicuous before all in that great day , when all , of all sorts , both great and small , shall , upon the general summons , stand before the last Tribunal , and then upon the appearance of the Chief Shepheard , we shall raceive a Crown of Glory that fadeth not away , 1 Pet. 5.4 . Hereof S. Paul had a particular assurance in his own person , when he faith , Henceforth is laid up for [ me ] a Crown of Righteousness , and if for him , why may it not be also possible for others to be in like manner assured of the same , especially provided , that we are such as do love his appearing ? This question , I confess , is solid , yet such , as wanteth not its intricacies : The Roman Catholicks in this controversie are wont to resolve thus , that indeed for so great a Saint , as S. Paul was , this assurance might be possible , yea , was attained to by Revelation extraordinary ; by means of his sides privilegiata , his special and priviledged faith , which as an Apostle , and a chosen vessel of honour , he was endowed and adorned withall from Heaven ; for that God had a great service for him to do , who was selected , as it were , to take up the Gauntlet in the quarrel of the Gospel ; against the manifold , fierce , and potent Adversaries of the same ; so that ( as I said in the beginning ) to steel his resolution with the greater courage , he was fortifyed before-hand , and armed with an extraordinary assurance of a glorious reward , after his work and warfaring therein was over : But now , whether this assurance be possible for an ordinary Christian , by the use of ordinary lawful means to attain , is the next disquisition ? To which the resolution is affirmative ; the thing is possible , though confessedly very difficult : and this possiblity is both Certitudine Objecti , and also Certitudine Subjecti ; both , as it is sure in its self , as it is determin'd by God ; and likewise , in the particular evident , and special experience of the same in the soul of a true believer : and this is proved , partly from those Scriptures , which exhort unto a diligent endeavour after it , 2 Pet. 1.10.2 Cor. 13.5 . Now , the nature of Evangelicall precepts , and exhortations , in a contradistinction to those of the Law , is , that they carry a spirit , a secert energy , vertue , and power with them , inabling , through grace , unto observation , therefore the Gospel is called life and spirit , 2 Cor. 3.6 . and I can do all things through Christ that strengthens me , Phil. 4.13 . partly also , this is proved from one principal end of the spirits Donation ; his being given us , namely , That we may know the things that are freely given unto us of God , and to co-witness with our spirits , that we are his Sons and Daughters , 1 Cor. 2.12 . Rom. 8.16 . 1 John 5.13 . Thirdly , from the duties required of us , upon this account , as , Thank fulness , Ephes . 1.3 . Col. 1.12 , 13. What wise man will give thanks for that , which he hath no certainty that he doth enjoy ? this were for a man to boast of a false gift , as of a cloud without water : so likewise of Love , we love God , because he first loved us , 1 John 4.19 . in so freely giving his Son to us , John. 3.16 . and together with him all things that do accompany salvation , Rom. 8.32 . even to the Author of life and salvation unto all that obey him , Heb. 5.9 . And how come we to know of all this love , but by that experimental proof thereof , that is shed abroad in our hearts by the Holy Ghost , which is given unto us ? Rom. 5.5 . And lastly , by the examples of Saints that have had this assurance in themselves , as Job 19.25 . 〈…〉 and here , in my Text , Saint Paul , which eminent Saints were not set forth in Holy Writ , as Wonders , meerly to be gazed at , but as Patterns of imitation ; and though ordinary Christians and Saints cannot reach to the same steps , yet they may walk in the same path , and may possibly attain , though not to the same measures , yet to the same soundness of perswasion ; and indeed , as a reverened Divine observes its firmness , rather than fulness of assurance , ( namely , in respect of adherence , or of recumbency ) that the Saints in this life arrive unto , but to this firmness they may come by the use of the ordinary , and of the right means , as here St. Paul did , by fighting the good fight , by finishing his course , and by keeping the faith ; hereby , as by the ordinary means , be concluded ( therein likewise shewing us an example ) that from henceforth there was a Crown of Righteousness laid up in Heaven for him , yea , and for all others with himself , who loved the appearing of the Lord Jesus . But , though it be ( cautionately understood ) thus possible ; notwithstanding it is very difficult , and hard to be attained , and that for many weighty , and important reasons . As , First in regard of the difficulty to put a distinction between seeming Vertues , and real Graces , which are the signs , and fruits of Election , and which give the best evidence of glory ; so that there needs much discussion , and an exact Spirit of Discerning , to put a Difference , and to discriminate the one from the other ; yea , we are to take notice , that there are many Vices neer of * kin to many Vertues , and carry in semblance , a near affinity , as it were , with them ; There is , faith devout Bernard à à minium vertutis , a certain kind of Vermilion , wherewith Satan paints over the outside of Vices , and makes them shew like Vertues , and but by an E●… and an Heart exercised in piety hardly discernable each from the other ; thus ●…ttery sometimes carries the stile of affability ; Covetousness of Frugality ; Rashness of Fortitude ; a Divellish Matchiavelisme of a lawful policy ; excess and ryot , of good fellowship ; and under this mistake of judgment , that is taken for zeale , which is nothing but an impetuous headiness , or a fiery kind of vehemency , that instead of heating the house , is apt to burn it ; Thus in short , presumption passeth often for Faith , this being the guile of our hearts , and Satan complying with it , ( who can tansform himself into an Angel of Light ) and set a fair gloss upon naughty wars , making the tinsel of Hypocrisie to pass for the Silver of sincerity , we must not too much ●…ely upon our own Judgments in this matter , but bring things to the beam of the Sanctuary , and there prove and weigh them ; the Word of God ever giveth a right Judgment , & the searching hereinto , John. 5.39 . and examining of these matters , hereby requiring great deliberation , this makes the assurance difficult , when the Evidence is perplexed , and not presently cleared . Secondly , its hard , in regard of the plenty of Lusts , and of the works of the flesh , which too much over-grow , and abound in every mans Heart ; but graces are but rare , and come up thin , much chaff and little solid grain ; our graces are like Gid●…ons Army , but a handful in comparison , but our fins are like Midianites , Innumerable as Grashoppers ; Hipps and Hawes ( faith one ) grow in every hedg , when choycer fruits are but in some few Gardens ; and every soyle almost yeilds stone , and rubbish , but Gold and precious stones are found in very few places ; now Saint Peter , who exhorts to give diligence to make Election sure , exhorts also , 2 Pet. 1.5 , 6. to add to Faith , Vertue , to Vertue Knowledge , &c. a large enumeration , induction of graces is required to clear up this assurance , and certainly that is a matter of no ease . Thirdly , ( that I may hasten ) this is difficult , in regard of the great progress , that an Hypocrite , or a Cast-away , may make in the wayes of Christianity , and yet never attain to this assurance ; He may have some degrees of Illumination , Heb. 6.4 . much like a Coruscation , that a suddain flash of Lighting maketh in the Ayre ; He may have good wishes as Balaam , Numbers 23.10 . A sight of sin as Cain had , Gen. 4.13 . Confess sin as Judas did , Mat. 27.4 . have zeal as Jebu had , 2 Kings 10.16 . in these , and in like other gifts may a very Cast-away make a great progress ; But no child of God can have any real comfort in any thing , wherein he cannot say , he hath ( yet ) therein gone beyond a Cast-away ; and yet , but in the ground , or rule , or end of doing , these things are hardly discernable each from other : All which , and much more that might be added to the same purpose , shew , though not the utter impossibility , yet surely the very great difficulty of attaining unto the assurance , that a man can say , as S. Paul doth here , in a particular application unto his soul , Christ loved [ me ] and gave himself for [ me , ] and henceforth is laid up for [ me ] a Crown of Righteousness . There yet remains but one Pearl more in the Cabinet of this Text , which I shall onely offer to your short notice , and so conclude ; it is that due qualification which renders other Christians , as well as it did S. Paul , capable of the Crown of Righteousness ; they must be such , as who do love the Lord Christ's second appearing in the day of Judgment . And , indeed , it is the property of none but Saints , to love it , and long for it . See Phil. 1.23 . Rev. 22.20 . Amen even so come Lord Jesus . Some cautions , notwithstanding , must be here remembred , sith it 's possible that times may fall out , when we tremble at the thought , or mention of it ; as when conscience is wounded afresh with some gross act of sin : this made David afraid , yea , to roar out , and to make a noyse through the disquietness of his spirit , Psal . 38.8 . Psal . 55.2 . and , under that state of soul , to begg earnestly to be spared , that he might recover strength ( in Gods favour ) before he went hence , and was no more , Psal . 39.13 . or else , when the Lord shall , for divers ends and reasons , surcharge the soul and conscience with the sins of youth , for which , perhaps , men have not , as became them , been sufficiently humbled ; thus , dealt he even with his servant Job , writing bitter things against him , Job 13.26 . see also Job 16.4 . But , out of those cases , it is proprium quarto medo , onely the Saints love it , all such love it , and alwayes : and no marvaile , sith by this second coming , and appearance of Christ in the day of the last Judement , they receive very great and inestimable benefits , such as are final Redemption of the Body from corruption , Rom. 8.23 . Freedom from the society of the wicked , which here afflict the godly by their violation of Gods Law and Precepts ; Deliverance , not onely from the raign , and dominion , but even from the inhabitation and being of sin , which here they find as a clogg , and a burthen too heavy for them ; and so long to be rid of it , Rom. 7.24 . and lastly , the beatifical vision , and perfect fruition of the ever-blessed , and all-glorious Trinity , in the Heavenly Hieru salem , among the innumerable company of Angels , being admitted to the general Assembly , and Church of the first-borne , which are enrolled and written in Heaven , and to God the Judge of all , and to the spirits of just men made perfect , and to Jesus the Mediator of the New Covenant ; in whose presence there is fulness of joy , and at whose right hand are pleasures for evermore . And thus , my brethren , after my measure , as I could ( upon so short notice of about a day ) though not so full after my desires , as I would , in so great , so learned , and serious an Auditory , have I dispatched my discourse upon the Scripture ; your candour will , I hope , connive at the want of polishing , and entertain it as it is , according to the weight , and importance off the matter of it : And may the God of grace reap the Total glory . Amen . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A41017-e3790 The coherence . Devision of the words . Prospos . Every man in the world is Gods Steward . Proved . 1. By what every one receiveth from God. 2. By what God expects from every one Psal : 24 : 1. Men do not waste his goods 2. That they do not abuse them to ill ends . Luke 19 : 27. James 4 : 3. 3 : To do him Homage . Acts 10 : 33. 4 : To return him fruit . Matt. 21.33 . Vse . Two things required of a Steward . 1. Dispensation Rom : 13 : 4. Rom : 1 : 14.1 Tim : 5 : 8. 2. Right ordering of his dispensations . Luk. 12.42 . 1. Faithfully . Heb. 3.5 . Exod. 32.19 . 2. VVisely . Rom. 3.7 . 1 Tim. 3.17 . Gen : 18.19 Propos . 2. All Gods stewards must give an account . Two dayes of reckoning . 1. In this life . By the VVord . Gen : 3.11 . 1 King : 19. Matt : 3. Acts 2. By the rod. Job 33.14 . Mic : 6.9 . Job 33.19 . 1 Cor 11.30 . Psal . 31.5 . 2 After this life . A necessitie of a day of judgement . 1. In respect of God his decree Acts. 17.31 . Isa . 46.10 . His honour . Eccles . 3.16 . 2. In respect of the Saints . 2 Thes . 1.5 . For the manifestation of their innocency For the reward of their works . Mal. 3.17.18 3. In respect of the wicked . For the manifestation of Gods righteous proceeding against them . Rom. 2.5 . For the perfecting of their punishment . Why God is said to call all men to an account . 1. Because he will proceed in particular . Job 27.18 . Jam. 5.1.2 : James 4.3 . Mat. 16. Mat. 5 22. Mat. 15.19 . 2. Because he will proceed by me hod and order . Psal . 50. Psal . 51. Rom. 7. A direction in the exercise of repentance . 3. Because he will proceed by books . Dan. 10. Rev. 20. John 12.48 . Jer. 17.1 . 4. Because God will exact of every one according to what he hath been trusted with . Luke 12.48 . Vse 1. For confutation . Atheists in the Church . 2 Pet. 3. Vse 2. For instruction . 2. Not to judge others . Rom. 14.10 . 1 Cor. 4.5 . 2. To judge our selves here . A two sold reckoning to be made here . 1. Reckon with out selves Jer. 8.6 . Lam. 3.39 . Psal . 4. 2. Reckon with others . 2. Sam. 12.3 . Acts 20.26 . Iames. 5.3 . 3. To Exercise daily repentance , Acts 17.31 . 4. To get an interest in Christ . Rom 8.1 . Exod. 25.21 . 5. To lead a holy conversation . 1 Pet. 3.11 , 2 Cor. 5.9 . Acts 26.15 : 16. Vse 3. For Comfort . James 5. Heb. 9.27 . The Coherence . The meaning of the words . The devision of the words . Observat . 1. The death of others , is a just occasion of Mourning . Gen. 23.2 . Gen. 27.41 . Gen. 50.10 2. Sam. 25.1 . Zach. 12.10 . John. 11. Act. 20.38 . Reas . 1. Reas . 2. Ier. 5.3 . Vse . Object . Answ . A twofold distempe In mens affections . 1.2 . 1 These . 4.13 . Deut. 14. Observat . 2. Death the end of all men . Iob 3.14 . Zach. 1.5 . Reas . 1. In regard of Gods decree . Reas . 2. In regard of the matter whereof men are made . Iob 13 12. Reas . 3. In regard every man in him , hath the cause of death . Object . Heb 11.5 . 2 King. 2.11 . Answ . Object . Answer . Rom. 8.28 . Matt. 22. Vse 1. Make account of it for our selves . The benefit of the particular application of death to a mans selfe . 1. Sin will be made more odious . Rom. 5.11 . 2. The truth and justice of God will bee the more acknowledged . 3. Death will be the b 〈◊〉 prepared for Job 14.14.5 Three things wherein here is o●… a particular application of ●…h to a man. 1. In matter of sinning . Acts 5. 2. In redeeming of the time of life : 1 Cor. 10.35 Heb. 3 13. Gal. 6.10 . 3. In the manner of our conversation . Vse 1 : In respect of the death of others . 1. To moderate our mourning for the death of others . 2. To improve he life of others . Observat . 3. It is the duty of the living . to lay to heart the death of others . Reas . 1.1 . God is glorified hy it . Psal . 28.5 . Reas . 2. Our selves are benefited by it . 1. Thereby we come to see the certainty of death . 2. Thereby we come to see the nature of death . The proper worke of death . 1. To separate the body from the soule . 2. To separate a man from his estate . 3. To separate a man from his friends . Gen. 23. 2 Sam. 1. ●… . 1 Cor. 7.19 . 3. Thereby we come tosee the end , and cause of death . 1 Kings 14.13 2 Chro. 34.18 . Isa . 57.1 . Ezek. 9.4 , 5. Vse 1 : For reproof . of the generall neglect of this duty . Vse 2. For reproof . 1. Of the excess of sorrow for dead freinds . Judg. 8.24 . Gen 31.30 . 2. Of the rash censuring of the manner of others death . Luke 13.4 . Eccles . 9.2 . Vse 3. For Instruction , Luke 2.29 . Observat . Gods children are subject to the fear of death . The outward causes of the fear of death . 1. God. To humble his children . Psal . 9.20 . 2. Cor 12. To strengthen their . faith . 2 Cor. 1.9 , 10. To encrease their watchfulnesse . Mat. 25. 2 Pet. 3.1 1. To prepare them for death . 2 Chro. 20.3 . 2. Sathan . 2 Cor. 7.5 . The inward causes of the fear of death . 1. Natural . In respect of the object it self : death . The apprehension of death as an Ill. Eccles . 9.4 . The apprehension of death as an ill unavoidable . The apprehension of Death as an ill future . In respect of the subject ; men . Judg 8.20 . Gen. 201 1. Sam 16. 2. Inward causes sinful . 1. The want of the fear of God. Deut. 28.65 , 66 , &c. 2. In ordinate love of the world . Isa . 38.11 . Eccles 9. 3. Want of the assurance of Gods favour . Luke . 16. Mat. 6. Rev 6. Isa . 33.14 . Object . Answer . Psal . 42. Exod. 14 11. Psal . 23. Object . 2. Answer . Vse . For exortation . To be under the fear of death an uncomfortable estate . The fear of death a bondage in two respects . 2. It is possible to be freed from the fear of death . Means to be freed from the fear of death . 1. Humility . 2. Faith. 3. watchfulness . 4. Preparation . 5. Right apprehension of Death . Phil. 3. Assurance of Gods favour . 1 Cor. 3.23 2 Cor. 5.4 . Coherence . Definition of Patience Rom. 15.5 . Gal. 5.22 . Mat. 25 VVhat I is to let patience have her perfect work . Rom 15.13 . Collos . 1.11 . VVhat is meant by intire and wanting nothing 1. Sam. 30.6 . The parts the text . 1. A duty exhorted to . 2. An Argument to Inforce it . Conclus . 1. Conclus . 2. Conclus . 1. A Christian not perfect without patience . Mat. 5.48 . Reas . 1 A twofold perfection of a Christian . Perfection of parts what it is . 2 Pet. 1.5,6 . Reas . 2. Luke 21.19 . Reas . 3 , No dutie can be rightly performed without patience . Not Prayer Matth. 15. 2 Cor. 11. Not hearing . Luk. 8.15 . Rev. 3.10 . Heb. 10.36 . James , 1.21 . Reas . 4. Heb. 10.36 . Heb. 12.1 . Conclus . 2. Christian must labour for perfection in Patience . Coll. 1.11 . Mat. 5 , 48. Reas . 1. Eph 5 : Exod. 34.7 . Rom. 11. 1 Pet. 3.2 Pt. 2 : Rom. 8.29 . Luke . 9. James 5.10 . verse 11. Rom. 15.4 . Reas . 2. Acts 14.22.2 . Tim. 3.12 . Psal . 73.27 . Vse 1. For reproofe VVayes how men increase Impatience in themselves . 1. By aggravating their afflictions . Lam. 1.12 . 2. By giving liberry to their passions . 3. By resusing comfort . Gen. 37.34 . 4. By looking only on afflictions present not on mercies Est . ●… . 13 : 5. By looking on the instrument and not on God. Psal . 55.12.13 . Plal. 39.9 . 6. By looking on the smart and not on the benefit of affliction . Heb. 12.11 . 1. Cor. 11.32 Vse 2. For exhortarion . How to exercise patience In present crosses . 1. Cosider God the orderer of all conditions . Therefore give him the glory of his soveraignty 1 King , 20 3. Job 1.21 . 2 Sam , 15 25 O his w●…sedome . Of h●…s mercy . Lam. 2. Ier. 45.5 . 2. Consider the desert of siu . Dan. 9. E●…●… . 9. Lam. 3. 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 born 〈◊〉 Patience . Rev. 3.10 . How to exercise patience in Gods delaying of mercies . 1. Consider that delayes are not denyals 2. That delaies increase mercies . Isa 61.7 . 2. Cor. 4. 2. Cor 1. 3. That delaies are but short , compared to eternitie . Coherence . Division . 1. Davids carriage durl●…g his childs sickness . Meaning of the words . 1. Cor. 3.8 . Rom. 14.17 . Davids Fast a religious fast . Davids te●…rs proceeded nor from a natural , but from a spiritual principle . Gen. 32. Hso . 12. Isa . 38. 2. The reason of Davids carriage . Gods absolute sentence implies condition . Isa . 38. Jonah . 3.4 . 1 Sam. 15. Verse 35 : Chap. 16.1 . Num. 14. Vse 1. For instruction . Jer. 18 7. Vse . 2. For inconragement , Ezek. 33.10 , 11. Gen. 3. Joel 2.12 , 13. Observe first Davids piety Mat 15 22. Comfort to Gods children . Psal . 103. Isa . 63.9 . 2. Observe Davids piety . Parents in their childrens miseries should remember their own sins . 1. King. 17. Object . 1. Deut. 24.16 . Ezek. 18.20 . Answ . Object . 2. Answ . Quest . Answ . Pro. 31. 1. Sam 2 29 chap. 3.12.13 Vse 1. To parents . The sins that bring judgments upon mens posterity . Vse . 2. To children . 2. Davdis carriage when his child was dead . The reasons of it . Observation from the first reason . Psal . 44. The way to order our affections is to reduce them to the principles of rectified reason . Job 14.14 . Observation from the second reason . Vse . Encles . 1 2. Observation from the third reason . Observation from the fouth reason . Eccles . 3.2 . Coherence . Division . P●…pos . Sin is the sting of death . A double consideration of death . What death is here meant . Corporall death . Principally . Two parts of spiritual death . What sin is the sting of Death Sin two wayes considered . Sin unmortified proves the sting of death . 1. In respect of the guilt . 2. In respect of the filth . How sin is said to be the sting of Death . Sin stings before death . A : death . After death At the day of Judgement . After the Judgement . Sin makes death fearful . Sin makes death hurtful . Vse . B●…cles . 11. How a man shall know whether Death shall come with a sting to him . Eccles . 11.9 How to get the sting of Death p●…lied out . 1. Get a part in Christ . Rev. 1.18 . Rom. 8. 2. Get sincerity of heart Isa . 38. 3. Practise Mortification . 1 Cor. 15. Vse 2. Division of the text . 1. Death is . Nature teacheth . 1. what death is . 2. The properties of death , That it is . 1. Universal . 2. Inevitable . 3. Uncertain . The Scripture teacheth , 1. what death is . 2. what are the causes of death . 3. what are the consequences of death . Heb. 9.17 . The particular judgment . The general Judgment . 5. what is the remedy against the evil of death . 2. Death is an enemy . 1. Depriving a man of all that is benefitial or comfortable . 2. Inflicting misery upon a man. 3. Death the last enemy . Not to all . But to the Saints . 4. Death shall be destroyed . Vse 1. For Examination . How a man may be fitted for death . 1. Get death disarmed now . 2. Get armour against death . Vse 2. For reprehension . Vse 3. For Exhortation . Vse 2. For comfort The division of the text . The first part of the Text. The meaning of the words . 1. Of the subject : Merciful men . 1 Joh. 4.20 . Rom. 12.18 . 2. Of the predicat , they perish . Eccles . 3. Observat . 3. Of the extent : from the evil to come . 1 From the evil to suffering . That he shall not see it . That he shall not endure it . Ezek , 9 Exod. 12. 3. From the evil of finning . That he shall not see sin com mitted by others . That he shall not commit sin himself . Vse Quest . Answ . The loss of a godly man , a great punishment to a place The second part of the Text. Inconsideraton a great sin . A frui of sin . A cause of sin . Isa . 40.6 , Luk. 1.4 . Psal 90.10 . Exod. 17.14 . Isa 8.1 . Ezek. 24.2 . Rom. 14.1 . The division of the words . Observation 1. Aust lib. 19. de Civit. Dei. A double blessedness . Phil , 3.21 . 2. Cor. 5.7 . Phil. 1 23. 1. Cor. 15.19 . Eccles . 9.4 . Job . 2 4 Job . 6.3 , Psa . 119.175 . psal . 39.13 . Isa . 38.18,19 . Job 7.15 . Num. 11.15 . 1. King. 19.4 Jonak . 4 3. Job 3.20 . Quest . Answ . Five causes of self-murther . Observat . 2. What it is to ●…ie in the Lord Rom. 16.1 . 1. Thes . 4. 1. To die in obedience Phil. 1. 2. In repentance 3. In faith . 4. With prayer . Luke 23.46 . Act. 7.59 . 5. In charity . Luke 23.34 . Act. 7.60 . 6. In peace . How to come to die in the Lord. The sum of the words . Division . Explination . None of us liveth to himself . Observat . A beleever is not to make himself the end in his actions Object . Answ . A double consideration of our selves . How a man may seek himself . Selfe-love lawful . The Observaon proved by reason . Reas . 1. It is dishonourable to God. Reas . 2. It is injurious . to Christ , Phil. ver . 19. 1. Cor 6.20 . 1. Pet. 1.18 . Luk. 1.74 . Reas . 3. It is dangerous to a mans self . 1. A man in seeking himself , I seth his happiness . That which he ga●…ns , is but a shadow of gain . 3. He loseth himself . Mat. 16.26 . Mark , 10 Vse 1. For Couviction . 1. That there are many that prosesse , the ms●…lves Christians yet live to themselves . Complained of . Phil. 2.21 . Forbldden . 1 Cor. 10.24 How a man shall know whether he liveth to himself . Rule 1. Instance 1. Joh. 6.10 . Hos . 7. Deut. 23. Instance 2. Jnstance 3. Rule 2. Rom. 1. 2. That it is an evil thing for a man to live to himself . Mat. 6.22 . A single eye , what . Jam. 1. Vse 2. For Exhortation . Helps . 1. Our good is in God , and not in our selves . Ier. 9.24 . 2. Exercise the grace . Of knowledge . Cant. 5.1 Sam. 1. Of Faith. Of Love. 1 Cor. 5. Vse 3. For instruction . 1 Cor. 14. Eph. 4.9 . The Coberence . Division of the Text. 1 Presace . 2. Exhortation . In the Exhortation . 1. The ground of i. 2. The Exhortation it self . 3. The motive . In the Preface . Obseavation . 1. Observat . 2. In the Ehortation . 2 The ground of it . The meaning of the words . Obser . 1. Obser . 2. The meditatlon of the shortness of our lives , a special means to take us off of the world . Reas . 1. Reas . 2. What is the principall thing we have to do in the world . Vse . The ground of all our neglect of heaven , is he want of the consideration of the shortness of this life . Sathan labours above all thing to make men put off the consideration of the brevity of their lives . 2. The exhortation it selfe . The meaning of the words . What is meant by having wives and yet to be as having none . 2. By weeping as if they weept not . 3 By rejoycing , as if rejoyced not . 4. By buying as If possessed not 5. By using the world as not abusing it . Observat . Opened . A beleever is to be to the world as a worldly man to the things of heaven . Proved by Scripture . 1 John 4.10 . Col 3.1 . By reason . Reas . 1. The things of the world are emptle things to a beleever . Reas . 2. The things of the world are none of a beleevers . Note . Simile . Reas . 3. The things of ●…he world hinder a beleever in the service of God. Simile . Vse . Reprehension . Particular instances . How to know whether we use the things of the world , as if we used them not . How a man may come to use things , as if he used them not . 3. The Apostles Motive or spurre . Obser . 1. The things of the world but a shew without a substance . Obser . 2. The shew of the world is suddenly gone . Grace is onely substantiall . The Coherence . The meaning of the words 1. What is meant by peace . 2. What by destruction . The manner of the destruction , 1. Sudden . 2. Painful . 3. Unavoidable . In the words a double description . Zich . 1 . 11●… . Observat . In the greatest security ; the greatest danger A double security . 1. Holy and spiritual . Spiritual security , what . Psal . 4.8 . Isa . 26.20 . 2. Sinful and carnal . Carnal security a fore-runner of Judgement . Proved . 1. By particular examples of particular persons . 1 Sam. 15.13 . Dan. 5.3 . Luke 12.19 . Job . 21.13 . 2. By general examples of Nations and States . Luke 7. Jer. 6.14 , 15. Zeph. 1.12 . Isa . 47.8 , 9. Rev. 18.7 . Confirmed by Reason . 1. In respect of the causes of security . Infidellty . Heb. 11.7 . Isa 61. Heb. 3. Deut. 29.19 . Isa . 6 : 9 , 10. 2. In respect of the concomitants of security . Disrespect of God in all his Attributes . Rom : 2 : 4 , 5. Eccles : 8 : 11. 3 : In respect of the fruit and consequences of security . Gen : 15 : 16. Note . Vse 1. For examination . Signs of security . 1. Profiting not by the judgments of God on our selves , or others . Dan. 5. Ier. 31.9 . Amos 4. 2. Contempt of the Ordinances . Amos 6. Ier. 9.13 . Ier. 23.33 . 3. Vain considence . Jer. 7.11.12.13 . Numb . 11.13 . Jer. 46.16 . Isa . 48.15 . 4. Continual increase of sin . Vse 2. For exortation . Motives to watchfulness . 1. The watchfulness of our enemies . 1. Sathan . 2. The flesh . 3. Heretiques . Mot. 2. The evil of security . In it self a spiritual lethargy . 2. In the effects . 1. It drives away the spirit of God. 2. It lets in Sathan . 3. Hinders our Communion with Christ . 4. Bringeth judgemen● prosi●ive . Future . Makt . 24. Ezek. 9. Mala. 3. Helps to watchfulness . 1. Sobtiety . Eph. 51 2. Spiritual exercise . 3. Continual fear . 4. Good company . Eccless . 4. 5. Be alwayes as in Gods presence . Psal . 139. Jer. 23 , 23. 6. Consider ●…y latter en●… Revel . 3.2 . Bccks . 11.9 . Prov. 16.7 , Plal. 9.6 . The parrs of the Text. Obser . 1. Death is an enemy . What kind of enemy . 1 : A common enemy . 1 King 22 : 31 Gen : 16 : 12. Psal : 89 : 48. Object . Answ . Josh : 23 : 14. Job 30 : 23. 2 : A secret enemy . 3 : A spiritual Enemy . Rom : 5 : 12. 4 : A continual Enemy . Wherein Death is n Enemy . Jeb : 18 : 18. In respect of its attendants . 1 : sickness , &c. Heb : 2 : 15. 2 : Cor : 6. Plal : 39 : 6. 2 : Dissolution of the frame of nature . 3. The Grave . Ezek. 24.16 . Isa . 14.11 . 4. Loss of worldly contentments and actions . Psal . 49.9 . Isa . 38.11 . Psal 6. 5. Consciance of sin , and certainty of Judgment and uncertainty of salvation . Heb. 9.27.2 . Cor 5.10 . Isa . 33.14 . Why Death called the last enemy . 1. Because it is the last that shall assault us . Therefore we have more enemies than Death . The Devil . The world . The flesh . Psal . 27.11 . Therefore likely to be the worst enemy . 2. Because it is the last that shall be destroyed . Who it is that destroyeth Death . Rev. 5.3.5 . 1. Sam. 17.23 . Hos . 13.14 . Act. 3.15 . When Death shall be destroyed . At the day of the Resurrection . Comfort in the mean time . 2. Cor. 15.57 . Rev. 7 17. Hos . 13.14 . 1 Cor. 3 22. Vse 1. Death an enemy only to the wicked . 1 King 21.20 Death to the beleever is 1. A subdued Enemy . Gant. 8.3 . Psal . 41.3 . Phil. 1.23 . Job 19.27 . Phil. 3.21 . Heb. 12.23 . Psal . 16.11 . 2. Cor. 5. 2. A reconciled Enemy . 3. An Enemy that at last shall be destroyed . Rev. 20. Rom. 6.9 . Vse 2. For instruction . How to be prepared for death . 1. Die to sin . 2. Live to God. 3. Be oft in the meditation of death . 4. Settle all things before hand , that concern the outward man , The inward . Tit. 3.11 . 1 Pet. 3.4 . Prov. 31.29 . Coherence . Division . The person judging . God. Opera Triditatis ad extra suns indivisa . Opera Trinitatis ad intra suns divisa ; cuique persona incommunicabiliter propria . Object . 2 : Cor. 5.10 . 1. Cor. 6.2 . Answ . How Christ is said to be the Judg. Rom. 2.16 . Joh. 5. Why God hath committed the power of the execution of Judgment to Christ . Three properties requisit in a Judg. 1. Knowledg to discern . Heb. 4. 2. Power to execute . Psal . 149. Rev. 15. 3. Justice in the Execution . Gen. 18. The Judgment 1. It shall be Types of the last Judgment . Luk , 17. Rule 1. Reas . 2. Reas . 3. Act. 1731. Reas . 4. 2. In what manner it shall be . 1. The summons . Job . 5.28 . Matt. 24.31.1 Cor. 15. 1 Thes . 4 16. 2. The App●…arance . 2 Cor. 5 10. Rom. 14 12. 1 Cor. 1.7 . 3. The seperaration . 4. The tryal . Rev. 20.12 . The books that shall be opened at the day of Judgment . 5. The Sentence . The general things observable in the words . 1. The duty . 2. The motives . The duty exprest . 1. Generally . 2. Particularly . The general duty expressed . 1. In the Object . 2. In the Acts that are exercised on the Object . 3. In the manner of exercising . The Object . 1. God. Simile . Simile . 2. The name of Cod. The Acts that are exercised on the Object . 1. Of the understanding . Memory . 2. Of the will and affections . Desires . Desires , an argument of a gracions heart . Joyned with endeavours . Desires without endeavours , false . The manner of exercising these acts . 1. They must come from inward principles 2. They must he sincere . Simile . Simile . 3. They must be pitched on God alone . 4 , They must be universal . 5. They must be constant . Simile . The particular duties . In times of mercy . 1. Chearfulness 2. Fruitfulness . In times of judgment . Simile . 1. Perseverance Simile . 2. Diligent exercise of our graces . Simile . 3. Patience . 4. Prosiciency The Motives to the duties . God seeth and Judgeth all our wayes . 1. This alone differenceth the godly from the wicked . Division of the words . Obser . 1. The Saints on earth have a heavenly conversation . What it is . The priviledges thereof . 1. Their names are written in heaven . Luk. 10.20 . 2. They are governed by the law of God. 3. They are safety kept . 4. They have interest . In God. Mat. 6 : 32. Chap : 7 : 11. In Christ . Dan 12 : 1. In the holy Ghost . 2 : Cor : 13 : 10. In the Angels . In the Saints that are in heaven●… That are on carte . 5 : They are Inriched with heavenly treasure . Mat : 13. Isa : 55 1. The traffique of a Christian what . How to know whether our conversation be in heaven . By our affections . Note . Obser . 2. While the Saints are on earth they are stated in heaven . 1. In respect of right and title . 2. In respect of present possession . John 14. Presumption to hope for heaven , without union with Christ first on earth . Ezra 2.62 . Christ in respect of his bodily presence is only in heaven . Transubstantiation . Cell . 3.1 . Obser : 3. Expectation of Christs coming to Judgement , the best means to work a man to a holy conversation . The continual expectation of the Saints is for Christ coming . A threefold coming of Christ . Proved . 2 Tim. 4.8 . Heb. 6.8 . Vse . For tryal . How to know whether our expectation of Christ coming be right . 1. By the ground of it . Heb. 11.1 . 2. By the companions of it . Which are , 1. Patience . 2. Love. Manisested in secret longings . Care to walk in Christ . 3. delight in the ordinances . 3 By the effects and fruits of it The expectation of Christs coming the best means to procure a heavenly Conversation . Proved . 1. It is the worker of Mortification . Collos . 3.17 . 1 Joh. 3.2 , 3. Guilt of sin causeth the apprehension of death to be terrible . 2 : Subdues out worldly affections . Collos : 3 : 1. 3. Keeps us from sinful actions . Act. 3 : ●…8 . Acts 17 : 30. 4 Quickness to holiness of life . 2 Pet. 3 : 11 , 12. 5 : Furthers our perseveran●…e in godliness . 1 Iohn 2.28 . Rev : 6. Vse For tryal . Rev. 6.15 . Heb. 2.14 . 1 Thes . 1 10. Division . 1 The duty commanded . Meaning of the worsd . What is meant by the saying of Christ , viz. The Doctrine of the Gospel . Two parts of the Gospel . 1. Shewing out raisery . Rom. 3.63 . 2. The remedy against this misery . 1 The Redemer . 2. The manner how we are redeemed . Rom. 3.24 . 3. The means how to enjoy the remedy . 1. The Conditions of the Covenant of Grace . 1 Repentance . Mark 1.15 . Heb : 6. The parts of Repentance . Godly sorrow for sin . Psal : 38. Jam : 4.9 . Confession of sin . Pro : 28. Psal : 32 : 4. 1 Joh : 1 : 9. Firme purpose of amendment . Joh : 5. Petition for pardon in the name if Christ . Hos . 14.2 . Repentance only taught in the Gospel . Mans repentance tends to the honour of Gods justice . 2 : Faith. John : 6 : 29. Desinit on of Faith. Faith only taught in the Gospel . 3. New obedience . How differenced from that required under the Law. 2. The benefit . What it is to see Death . What Death is here meant . Joh. 6.68 . Act 5.20 . Acts 11.14 . Reas . 1. 1 Joh. 2.24 . Reas . 2. Vse 3. Incitatton to thankfulness . Vse 2. Reprehension . Vse 3 Exhortation . Vse 4. Consolation Obiect . Answ . Coherence . Division of the words . 1. The sin of young men . 2. The Cure. Doct. 1. It is the sin of young men to rejoyce inordinately . Gen. 6.11 . Isa . 22.14 . Eccles . 12.1 . 1 Tim 2.22 Tit. 2.6 . Job . 1. Reas . 1. Natural corruption . Reas . 2. Forgetfulness of Judgement , Deut : 32 : 29 , Reas . 3. Freedome from crosses . Jer : 31. Reas . 4 Want of spiritual joy . Vse 1. For Admonion . 1. To take notice of their carnal joy . Young mens rejoycing proved to be inordinate . 1 : Because it is not placed there where it should be . 2 : Because it is placed there where it should not be . 3 Because it is excessive in lawful things . 4 Because it terminates not in God. 2 Of their walking after their own heart . Hosea 7. 3 Of their walking after the sight of their eyes . Iob 31.1 . Ier : 9. Heb : 11. Vse 2. For Fxhortation . 1 To abandon carnal joy . Luke 6.26 . Iob 20.6,7 . Directions how to avoid carnal joy . 1 To labour for sorrow for sin . 2. Consider the vanity of things . 1. Of humane wisdome . Eccles : 1 : 13. Eccles : 1 : 15. 1 Cor : 1 : 19. Eccles . 9 : 10. 2 Of worldly honour and cred it . Eccles : 1 : 16. John 5 : 44. John 10 : 43. Gal. 5 : 26. 3 Of worldly pleasures . Eccles : 2 : 2. Vers 4. 1 Cor : 7 : 19. Luke 8 : 4. 4 Of riches . Jer : 5 : 27. Eccles : 5 : 12. Rev. 18.18 . 2 Tim. 1.16 . Luk. 12.25 . 5 Of friends and Allies . Psal : 62 : 9. Psal : 49 : 7. 3 Labour for spiritual joy . Rom : 5 : 1. A twofold ground of spiritual joy . 1 The good things exhibied . 2 The good things promised . The second Exhertation not to walk after their own heart . The third Exhortation , not to walk after the sight of their eyes . Joshu : 7 : 21. 2 Sam : 11 : 1. Vse . 3. To old men . Doct. 2. God will bring men to judgement for all their sins . Masa : 3 : 18. Eccles 12 : 14. 2 Cor : 5 : 10. 2 Thes 4 : 6. Epist . Jude 14. Reas . 1. Because of Gods decree . Heb : 9 : 27. Reas . 2. Because of his righteousness . Reas . 3. Because of clearing his wayes before all , men and Angels . Reas . 4. Because of his hatred against sin declared In particular judgements in this life . Reas . 5. Because of the horrour that is in the conscience of the wicked . The manner of the Judgement 1 : It shall be the last Judgement . 2 : It shall be a General judgement . 2 Cor : 5 : 10.3 : It shall be a manifest jndgement . 4. It shall be a sudden judgement . 5 It shall be a righteous judgement . Rom : 2 : 5. 6 It shall be an eternal judgement . Vse 1. A preservative against tentation . Vse 2. For Instruction . Acts 17 : 31. Vse 3. Keep a good conscience . Vse . 5 To fear God. Observat . 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Mic. 7.2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pro. 2.8 . Reas . Tho. Aquin. Quod lib 9. act 16 Cajes . Tract . de Indulg . Canus , 1.5 . Cap. 5. Luther , L. de capt . Bab. Melancth . in Apol. Confes . art 4.5.27 . Lorich . in Forotalilio , haet . 1. de Sanct. Bellarmine indeed in the very beginning of his Retractations tells us , he allowes not the word Divus to be given to the Saints , and that either the word fell imprudently from him , or writing a B. for Beatus , the Printer mistook it for D. and printed Divus . But others stick not at the word , nor at much more . Stratius in an Ode of his thus ; Kinaldus Antister beatis additus agminibus Deorum . And Melchior Nunez . in an Epi●… of his to Ignatius , anno 1544 , among other matters of the Indyes , speaking of the Iesuits Zaviers death , calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Zaverii . Bishop Vida in his bymne called Divis caelestibus , after he hath invocated the B. Virgin and others , saith , Tum vos caducicorporis . Ceu nos onusti pondert . Quondam mares aut virgines , Nunc Dii beati caelites . And to adde but one more , Li●…si●… in Virg. A pricolli , c●…p 30. thus , Tunc libi audes DEA , dicit omn●…s sextus & aetas . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Men. Reas . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Testa , Such a tyle , brick , or pot , as is made of burnt clay . Morior ? Desinam alligari posse , definam agrot are posse , desinam posse mori . Observat . 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Reas . Vse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Num. 23.10 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ez. 44.25 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Origen . Parts of the Text. The excellency of mans soul . 1. By nature ; and that in respect . Plato . 1. Of the original . Aug. Manichees Heb 12.9.2 . The Image . Plato . Aristocle . In respect of the substance . The indowments . The comand over the body . 2. By grace . 1. In Redemption . 2. In renovation . 3. By glory . Bern. Vse . To take especial care of our souls . Plato . Aug. The possibility to lose the soul . Mat. 24. Quest . Answ . How the soul may be lost . Vse . 3. A man may lose his soul in gaining the world . Note . 1. Rich men . Are covetous . Ambi●ious . men Vse . To tax covetous men Bern. 1. Ambitious . The loss by this gain . Observat . The worlds gain with the souls loss it comes to nothing . 1. Death takes all away . Jer. 17.11 . 2 He loseth the chiefe good . Chrysost . 3. Possest of the greatest ill . Simile . 4. Without hope of deliverance . Bern. Vse . To prevent this misery betimes . Parts of the Text. Doctr. Christ will come to judgement to reward the godly and ungodiy . The speediness of Christscoming . 1 Cor. 10.11.1 Job . 2.18.1 Pec. 4.7 . Two benesits concerning Christs coming to judgement . 2 Pet. 3.3.1 . Consuted by S. Peter . Psal . 9 0.4 . Mat. 14.24 . Numb . 14.25 . Luk. 12 : 38. 2 By S. Paul. 1 Thes . 2. Object . Heb. 9.26 . Answ . Act. 1.7 . Signs of Christs coming . Of three sorts . 1. Long before . The preaching the Gospel to all the world . Mat. 24.14 . 2 The revealing of Autichrist . 2. Thes . 2.3 . 3 General deparure from the ftaith . 4. Corruption in manners . 2 Tim 3. 5. Persecution of the Church . 6. General security . 7. Calling of the Jewes . 2. Signs immediately before Christs coming . 3. In Christs coming . Revel . 1. 2. The Judgement it self . Two Judgements . 1. Particular . 2. General . Quest . Joh. 5.24 . Joh. 3.18 . Answ . Necessity of a day of Judgement . Psal . 37 : Job 24.12 . Jer. 12. Psal . 37.11 . Unbeleever condemned already how . Revel . 20.10 , 11. Job 15. Psal . 14.2 . 4. The end of Christs coming . The punishment of the wicked . Psal 60.3 . Isa . ult . Ezek. 38 , 12. Rev. 14 , 10. Eternity of the torment of the wicked . Extremity of torments . Iam. 2. The reward of the godly . Isa . 2. Isa . 12. Vse 1. Comfort . Vse 2. Terrour to the wicked , Mal. 4.1 . Vse 3. To be fitted for the day . Looking , four things in it . 1. Earnestness . Rom. 8.19 . 2. Patience . 1. Thes . 1.3 . Heb. 10.36 . 1. The time is uncertain . 2. It seems long . 2. Gods strange working . 3. Joy. Rom. 5.1 . 4. Diligence 2. Pet. 3.14 . Blessed hope . 1. In freedome from all ill . 2. To enjoy all good . Appearing of Christ , twofold . 1. In the flesh in humility . Psal . 22. 1. To Judgement in glory . 1. His person . 2. Throne . 3. Attendants . 4. Administration . 5. Saints . 2 Thes : 1 : 10. Christ is God. 1 Ioh. Isa . 9.6 . Christ a great God. Vse 1. Comfort to Gods children . 2. Terror to the wicked . Object . Answ . Comfort that Christ the Saviour is Judge . Act. 17.31 . Doctr. Every Christi . an so to live , as expecting the appearing of Christ . Luke 2.36 . Phil. 3.20 . Jude 21. 2 Pet. 2.14 . Obs . 1. Col. 3.3 . Vse . Observat . 2. Observat . Vse 1. Vse 2. Observat . Vse 1. Aug : lib. 8. Confess . Cap. ult . Parts of the Text unsolded . Sleep threefold . 1. Natural . Psal . 3.5 . 2. Moral . Dan. 12 2. Act. 7. ult . 3. Spiritual , compared to sleep . 1. For the time , the night . 2. Exposed to danger . D●…ut . 32. 3. Willingness . 4. Suddenness . Mar. 26. 5 Insensibleness , and immovableness . 6 Vain fancies . 7 The continuance . 2 What meant by waking . 1 To open the eyes to see the light . 2 To rouze the senses . 3. Get out of bed . 3 Who must awake . Quest . Answ . 1 The natural man. 2 The regenerate . Cant. 5.2 . Mat. 25. Rev. 3.2 . 4. Why the Apostle calls upon those that are asleep . Exhortations not in vain . 1 To the godly . 2 To the wicked . The dead sleep of the world . 1. Idolaters . Rev. 2. 2. Adulterers . 3 : Drunkards . Prov : 23. 4 : Sabbath-breakers . 5 : Oppressors . 6 : Security . The sleep of the Church . Signs of sleepy Christians . 1 : Carelesness . 2 : When men intend nothing but sl●… . 3 Wasting of time . 4 Decay of natural heat . Exhortation to awake from sleep . 1 It is unprofitable . 2 It unfits for duty . 1 Exercise . 2 Combate . 3 To wait our Masters coming . 3 Our enemy sleeps not . Mat. 13. Prov. 24. 4 Gods mercy sleeps not . 5 Gods judgments sleep not . 6 We are all to meet death . Parts of the Text. Propos . They that are in covenant with God , may be without carnal fear . 1 What fear is . Kinds off fear . 1 Natural . 2 Carnal fear . 3 Servile fear . Act 2. 4 Filial fear Isa : 8 : 12. Reas . We are delivered from our enemies either , Luke 1.47 . 1 By reconciliation . 2 By conquest , Vse 1. The power of grace must reflect on a mans self . Vse 2. Possible to live without fear . Psalm 23 Vse 3. Reproof for inordinate fear . 1 We fear too soon . 2 Too much . 1 It brings a great deal of ill . Isa . 66.4 2 It unfits the heart to bear evils . It hurts the body . It doth hurt to the soul . 1 Natural . 2 Spiritually . Fear the ground of most sins . Vse 4. To sence our hearts against it . No cause of fear . 1 Of spiritual enemies . 2 Of worldly evils . Ier. 46.28 . Object . Answ . Object . Answ . Quest . Answ . How to get the conquest of fear : 1 Labour for the spirit : 2 Keep covenant with God 3 Strengthen faith . 4 To place our love aright . August . Simile . Doctr. Both words and actions shall be called to account . Matth. 5.22 . Iude 13.14 . Reas . 1. The Law binds men in speeches . Reas . 2. Words injure God and man. Levit. 24.11 . Act. 8. Vse . To condemn those that make light account of words . Pal. 39. Psal 131. Doctr. God will proceed in judgement according to his Law. Ioh. 12.48 . Object . Answ . All men judged by the Law. The Law not alike expressed to all . Rom. 2 , 14. Reas . 1. The Law is Gods scepter that he ruls by . Reas . 2. Because the law is a rule . Vse 1. Reproof of those that neglect the law . Quest . Answ . To despise Gods commandement , what ? Matth. 25.41 . Vse 2. Admonition to observe the Law : 1. For direction . 2. For tryal . Doctr. The consideration of the day of Judgment should move to holiness . 1 It hath drawn some to obedience . Eccles . 11.9 . 1 To forsake the world . Phil. 3.7 . 2 Disposing the heart to obedience . Eccles . 12.10 . Heb. 12. Rev. 14●… 2 It quickens to actions of obedience . 1 Of particular calling . 2 General calling . 3 It confirms in obedience . Vse . Shewing the cause of the worlds prophaness , and the Saints dejectedness . 2 Pet. 3. Vse . 2. To strengthen faith of the judgment . Jerome Parts of the Text. Meaning of the words . Doctr. Death due to sin as wages . Quest . Answ . What death due to sin : 1. Temporal . Object . Answ . How Adam died a natural death , as soon as he sinned . Object . Answ . How Christians freed from temporal death . Christians undergo temporal death , why . Simile . 2 Eternal death . Answ . Sin infinite three wayes . 1 In respect of the object . 2 The subject . 3 The sinners desire . Vse 1. Original lust a sin . Basile Vse 2. Confuration , no sin in it self venial . 1 Joh 3.5 . Sins mortal , and venial how . Vse . 3. In spectacles of death to see the heinousness of sin . Vse . 4. To deterre us from sin . Similles . Joh. 2. 1 Sam. 14. Vse . 5. To be humble and thankful . Life twofold . 1 Natural . 2 Spiritual . 1 In this life . Job 17.5.2 In deathy 3 Afterth e Resurrection . A thing eternal three wayes . Doct. Salvation the feee gift of God. Quest . Answ . Austin . Quest . Answ . Joh. 3. Vse . 1. Confutation of merit . Rom. 8. Vse 2. To humble us . Vse 3. Comfort . Vse 4. Thankfulness . Isa . 45 24. The Analysis of the Chaper . Propos . 1. God is pleased to set himself to procure the profit of his people . Proved by instances . 1 In his instituting Ordinances in the Church . 1 The preaching of the Word . Act. 26.18 . 2 Tim. 3.16 . 2 The Sacrament of the Supper . 3 Prayer . Unprofitable living under the ordinances , a taking the name of God in vain . 4 Sending of Christ into the world in our nature . 2 In his command and injunction . Deut : 10 : 13. Matth. 5.29 . 3. In his several administrations . 1 Permitting sin to remain . 2. To prevail . 3. Withdrawing his presence . 4. Suspending his answer to their prayers . 5. Denying their particular suites . 6. Deprives them of their dearest blessings . James 5.11 . Use of exhortation . Vse 2. Of instruction . Propos . 2. Gods aim in afflicting his children , is their profit . Gen 41.52 . Afflictions they are profitable . The blessed fruit of afflictions . 2 Chron. 33.12 Deut. 8.15 . Isa . 27.9 . Hab. 1.12 . The Saints of God have walted for the profit of afflictions . 2 Sam. 16.12 . 2 Sam. 16.12 . Isa . 37.4 . Vse 1. For reproof . Gods children prone to misconster the intent of God in their afflictions . 1 Sam. 27.1 . Esa . 6.5 . Lam. 3.16.18 . Isa . 49.14 . Vse 2. For comfort . Isa . 10.57 . Simile Isay . 12.12 . Vse 3. Exhortation to a patient expectation of the fruit of affliction . Object . Answ . Iob 17.4 . The sum of the words . Division . Explication . Simile . Doct. 1. Ground : 1 From God. Psal . 84. Why God withdraws the light of his coun●e●ance from his people . 1 For correction of their former abuse of his mercies . 2 Of the neglect of their duty . Cant. 5. 3 Of their carnal security . 3 To teach them wherein their present comsort and happiness consifts . Simile 3 For prevention . 1 Of pride . 2 Of considence in the creature or in habits of grace . Ground . 2 From Satan . How Satan causeth trouble in the hearts of Gods servants . 1 By stealing out of thest hearts the promises of the Gospel . Heb. 12. Matth. 13. 2 By presenting to the soul the truths of God in false glosses . Ground , 3. From our selves . From some distemper of the body . 2. Prevailing of some strong lust . Heb. 12.1 . 3 Inordinate passions . Heb. 1. Vse 1. To teach us compassion toward those that are in trouble . Isa 53.4 . God suffers his servants to be in inward distress , and why . Doctr. 2. Faith is a special means to quiet / the soul . 2 Cron. 20.20 . 2 Tim. 1 , 12. Vse . Doctr. 3. Faith that quiets the soul , must be pitched upon God in Christ . Doct. 4. Vse . Quest . Answ . What it is to believe in Christ . What it is to receive Christ as a Prophet . As a King. As a Priest . Quest . Answ . Object . Answ . Quest . Answ . Quest . Answ . Quest . Answ . Devision of the words . Doct 1. Strong trials befall strong Christians . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Job 1.8 . Wherein the strength of a trial consists . Why God laieth strong tryals , on strong Christians . Reas . 1. Reas . 2. Doct. Faith acquits a man in great tryals . Reas . 1. Reas . 2. Reas . 3. Reas . 4. Reas . 5. Vse 1. 1. 2. Vse 2. The sum of the words . Parts of the Text , Coherence . The first branch of the Text : Explication 1 What life it is that is here meant . Eternal life proper to the Saints . Begun in this world . Gal 2.20 . Heb 2 , 3. Consummated in the world to come . Phil 1.21 . 1 Thes . 4.17 Joh. 5.26 . Joh. 6 33. Vse 1. For instructiou . Vse 2. For demonstration . 1 Tim 5.6 . Ephes . 2.1 . Vse 3. For consolation . 2 Tim 3.12 . Act 14.22 . Mark. 5.26 . Eccles . 9 4. Job 2.4 . Phil. 1.7 Rom. 14.17 . 2 Cor. 12.2 . 1 Cor. 2.9 . Rom. 8.18 . 2 Cor 4.17 . The second branch of the Text. Eternal life cometh from divine grace . Tit. 3.7 . Eph. 2.8 . Reas . 1. Reas . 2.2 Cor. 3.5 . Vse 1. For confutation . Vse 2. For Consolation . Vse 3. For Instruction . Vse 4. For exhortation . The third branch of the Text. The Saints have right to eternal life by inheritance . Vse 1. For Confutation . Vse 2. For Consolation . Vse 3. For Direction . 1. 2. The fourth branch of the Text. All of all sorts have a right to eternal life . Acts 10 , 34 Vse 1. For Admonition . Vse 2. For Consolation general . Particular . 1 Tim 2.17 . 1 Tim. 2 21.12 . Isa . 49.23 . Doctr. 1. The servants of God have a comfortable and willing expectation of death , Proved . Phil. 1.13 . 2 Cor. 5.8 . &c. The ground of the desire of death in the Saints . Eccles . 7.1 . Rom. 7.24 . Psal . 120.5 . Thilip . 1 23. Exod. 34.23 . Object . 1. Rom. 6 , 23. 1 Cor. 15.26 . Respons . Death considerable two wayes . Object . 2. Psal . 6.4 , 5. Isa . 38.3 . Math. 26.39 . Respons . Why some of the Saints in the Scripture have prayed against death . Psal . 23.4 . Phil 1.23.24 . 1 Kings . 8 , 25. Heb. 7.5 . Object . 3. Respons . Two things consider able in a Christian . Mar. 26.41 . 2 Cor. 5.2 . Vse . For Trial. Doct 2. A special care in the servants of God to be alwayes ready for death . 2 Tim 4.6 . 1 Cor. 15.31 . Job . 14.14 . Psal . 90.12 . Heb. 13.14 . Luk. 12.36 . Reas . 1. Psal . 89.48 . 1 Pet. 4.19 . Reas . 2. 2 Sam. 4.5.6 . Job 1 19. Reas . 3. Note . Vse . Deut , 32.29 . Esa . 28.15 . Job 28.14 . How to be prepared for death . 1 Tim. 5.6 . Jo. 17.13 . Doct. 3. Ignorant men can neither take comfort in , nor be truly prepared for death . Math 22.29 . Psal 119 24 Psal 119 , 9 93 Vse . Doct. 4. Death freeth Gods servants from all misery . Phil. 1.23 . 2 Tim. 4.6 . 2 Pet. 2.14 . 2 Pet. 2.15 . Rev. 14.13 . Rev. 6.9 . Luke . 16.22 . Vse 1. Consutation of Purgatory . Vse . 2. For consolation of the Saints . Gen. 41.40 . Rev. 21.4 . Esth . 8 17 1 Joh : 3.2 . 1 Cor. 13.12 . Quest . Answ . How to know whether the day of death be a discharge from all former , and following miserles . Doct. 5. The Saints at their going hence have a comfortable and peaceable debarture . Psal . 37.37 Prov , 14.32 . Gen. 49.33 . Gen. 13.25.2 King. 22.20 . Reas . 1. Rom. 8 : 9. Chap : 16. Reas . 2. 2 Tim : 4.7 , 8. Isa : 38 : 3. Ephs ; 22 10. Object . 1. 1 Respons . Joh. 7.24 . The unqulet departure of many of the Saints cleared , with the grounds thereof . Eccless . 9.2 . Rev. 12.12 . Mark. 9.26 . 2 Cor. 4 6. Esa : 54.8 John 13.1 . Object . 2. Respons . The seeming-quiet departure of the wicked , with the grounds thereof . Psal 73.4 : 1 Sam. 25.37 . Luk. 11.11 , Excles . 8.12 . Esay 57.11 . Vse . Confutation of Purgat●…y . Vse . 2. Exhortation . Gen. 3.19 . Prov. 11.7 . Job 27.8 . 2 Tim 4.7.8 . Joh. 17.4 , 5. Psal . 119.1.1 Sam. 2.20 . Luk. 13.3.2 Thes , 5.24 . 2 King 9.22 . Heb. 10.24 . Dan. 4.27 . Parts of the Text. Doct. Jesus Christ the Fountain and Author of all life . 1 Of the body . Resurrection of the body , what . 1 Cor. 15.20 . 2 Of spiritual life . 3 Why both comprehended under one term . 1 In regard of the Analogie . 2. 2 In regard of the connection . Vse 1. Comfort . 2 Against the death of the soul . Object . Answ . Object . Answ . 2 Against the death of the body . Quest . Answ . Difference in the Resurrection of the godly , and wicked . 1 In the cause . 2 In the end . Vse . 2. Trial. Signs of the first Resurrection . 1 Forsaking sin 2 Newness of life . 3 Progress in both . Vse 3. Exhortation direction . Quest . Answ . All men must die . 1 To manifest Gods truth . 2 His power . 3 Our benefit by Chrst . 4 To conform us to Christ . Rachel was 〈◊〉 Fruitful 3 Obedient . 4 Her death . Coherence . Observat . 1. Observat . 2. Observat . 3. Observat . 4. Doctr. 5. There is a change in all that are in Christ as from death to life . 1 The analogy between spiritual , and natucal life and death . 1 In general . 1 A General change . 2 The orderlyness of it . 2 The Analogie in particular . Death threefold . 1 Judicial . 2 Civil . 3 Natural . 1 Imperfect . Simile . 2 Newness of life expressed by life in three respects . 1 The principle of life . 2 The actions of life . 3 The properties of life . Appetite . 2 Tropagation . The order , Observat . Men first die to sin , and then live to God. Reason 1. From our union with Christ . 2 From the cot●…ariety of them . Vse 1. Conviction . Vse 2. Exhortation . No loss in dying to sin . Not life . 2 Not peace . 3 Not esteem . 4 Not wealth 5 Not pleasures . Sin a needless thing . 2 The gain by death to sin . 1. Conclusion . The faithful are hopeful . Rom. 5 : Definition of Hope : 1 Pets 1 : 9. Rom : 8 : 24 , Vse . 1 Trial of Hope : Rom : 4 : 18 : Isa : 21 : 16 : Hab : 2 : 3 : Isa : 8 : 17 : 2 Pet : 3 : 9 : Psal : 73 : 9 Psal : 102 : 13. 2 Pet : 3 : 3. Iob : 2 : 9. Mal : 3 : 14 : 2 Cor : 6 : 8 : 2 Sam : 6 : 22 : Vse 2. Hindrances of hope : 1 Iohn 4.18 . Rev : 21 : 8. Psal : 118 : 6. Psal ; 91 : 5. Psal : 40 : 1. Luke : 21 : 19.1 Cor : 15 : 16 Iob 17 : 13 : Heb 11 : 27 : Heb 11 : 35 : Phil : 1 : 23 : 2. Conclusion . Christ the object of Hope . Phil : 1 : 21. Psal : 38 : 15 : Psal : 71 : 5 : Gen. 49.18 . Iob. 13.15 . Vse 1. Trov , 23.5 . Psal . 146.3 . Psal . 62.3 . Vse 2. Phil , 3.8 . Eccles . 1. Isa . 55.4 . 2 Cor. 1 : 20. Iohn 14 : 6 : Iob : 6 : 68 : 3. Conclusion . This life-time is our hope-time : Vse 1. Isa : 55 : 6 : 1 Iohn : 3 : 2 : Vse 2. 2 Pet 1 : 8. 1 Thes : 1 : 3 : Heb 6 : 19 : Psal : 84 : 7 : 2 Per : 3 : 18 : 1 Cor : 7 : 20 : Col : 4 : 17 : 4. Conclusion . Hope is no : for the things of this life . 2 Cor. 5.1 . Isa : 57.13 . Vse 1. Vse 2. 5. Conclusion . Our life is a misery . Iob , 14.1 . 1 Cor : 7 : 29. Iam : 4.14 . Vse . 1 Iohn 2 : 15. John 11 : 25. Psal . 8 : 4. Vse 2. 6 Conclusion . The hopeful are not miserable : Vse 1. Vse . 2. I am 5.11 . Revle . 14.13 . Exod : 33 : 20. Explication . Rom. 12.2 . I am . 2.15 : 16. Heb : 13 : 31 Rom : 12 : 15. Mat : 5. 2 Thes : 3 : 10 : 1 Pe●… 1 : Division . Doctr. 1. It is the duty of Christians to take the best opportunities of their life to do good : A twofold opportunlty to be taken of doing good : 1 The time of life : Luke 16 : 9 : Mat. 25.10 . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . 2 Of outward estates . Trov : 23.5 . Eccles : 11 : 8. 1 Tim : 6 : 17. Iob 13 : 15 , 16 , 17 , 18. Vse 1. Prov : 3 : 28 : Psal : 78. Vse 2. Gen. 18.19 . 2 Sam : 9.1 . Doctr. 2. It is the duty of Gods servants to relieve others . Deut 15.7 : Eccles . 11.4 . Isa . 58.7 : 2 Cor. 8 : 9. Heb : 13 : 16. Iohn 15 : 19. Reason 1. Pro : 3 : 26 : 27. Luke 16 : 9. Reason 2. Psal : 41 : 1. Tsal : 37 : 6. 1 Tim. 6 : 19. Vse . Iames : 5. Vse 2. Quest . How to give so as to do good : Answ . 1 Give justly Eccles . 11.1 . 2 Give wisely Psal : 1 : 2 : In respect of the quantity : In respect of the quality : 3 Give in simplicity : Rom : 11 : 8 : Mat : 6 : 4 Cive chearfully : 2 Gor : 8.6 : The persons to whom good must be done : 1 Generally to all : Luke 10 : Reason 1. Mala : 2 : 10 : Reason 2. 1 Iohn 4 : 20 : Vse . Object . Answ . 1 Sam : 25 : Object . Answ . Rom 12 : Object . Answ . Eccles . 11.1 . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . Objection . Answ . Doct. 1. Doct. 2. 1 There are some poor of the houshold of faith . Mat. 15. Iames 1. 1 King : 4 : 1. Rom : 5 : 16. Luke 16. Reason 1. 1 Cor : 8 : 9. Mat : 8 : 10. Reason 2. 1 Pet : 2 : 11. Reas . 3. Luk 9 : 53. Reason 4. Iames 5. Heb 11. Vse 1. Heb 10. Vse 2. Iob 1. Vse 3. Iames 2. Doctr. 2. The houshold of faith especially to be regarded : Psal . ●…6 . 1 . Phil. 1. Reason . Reas . 2. Mat 15. Vse . 1 Chron 29. Prov 19.17 . Psal : 1. Prov. 3.11 . Parts of the Text. Doct. 1. A change will befall all the sons of men . Death a change , and why so termed . The change by death must befal all men . Reason 1. Reason 2. Reas . 3. Reason 4. Doctr. 2. 1 What it is to wait for death . Wherein the preparation for death consists . 1 In freeing our selves from sin ●…u our life-time . How that is done . 2 In having our persons qualified . How that is done . Why we must wait and be prepared for death . Reas . 1. Reas . 2. Reas . 3. Reason 4. Vse 1. Vse 2. Vse 2. Vse 3. Vse 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prol , in Eccless . Agnescere nolumus , quod ignorare non possumus . Cypr , de Mortal . Vid. Vit. Orig. pr●…efix . operib . Infans nondum loquitur , & tamen prophetat . Serm. de bono pas . Cic. primo , tusc . In Eccles . chap. 12. 1 The Scope . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cupressin funeria . The Coherence . Senes in limine mortis vih●… 〈◊〉 avidissiml . Arist 〈◊〉 & breu . vita . Cic. de se●…ctu●… . The sense . Que. 1. Que. 2. Que. 3. Que. 4. Sol. 1. Sol. 2. Sol. 3. Et strepitus iste perduras quousque ; pondus id est ponderosum corpus ad terram pervenerit sed corpore in terram projecto statim cessat tumulius Destructor . vit . par 4. c. 2. The division . The Doctr. Quotidiè morimur quotidiè enim demitur aliqua pars vita . Bern. in serm . Senibus meri & in januit juvenibus in insidiis . AE vi temporalis sine completo ad eterna velmortis vel immortalitatis hospitia dividimur . Scelus aut exuritur igue . Application Coclcus bist . I may add . Oravitatis eloquentia , & eruditiona vestigia egocinis & velisima pars luti , & scintilla dum vertor , satis habe●… sis●…plendorem illius imbecillitas occulerum f●…rrè possit . Aug. l. de Nat. & grat . respice sepulchra , et vide quis servi quis Dominus , quis dives & quis pauper , descerne si potes vinctum à rege , sertem à debili ; pulchrum à deformi . Sophocl . in Antig . Arist . Eth. Homer Hae. Aristot . phy . Acts and mon. p. 1. Poncius Diacoa in vit Cyp. Psal . 31.15 . Tertul , devesurrect . in candida exp 〈◊〉 , ut 〈…〉 gistratum ambientes expectabant suffragia . Encharid 〈◊〉 Laurant . 〈◊〉 tempus quod inter bomines●… mortem , & ultimaresurrectionis interposition est animas ab●… 〈◊〉 recepta●… la contiment , sicut 〈◊〉 dign●… est , 〈◊〉 requi●… , vel 〈…〉 pro eo 〈…〉 est in car●…e 〈◊〉 viveret . Esay 48.22 . Apcc. 6.16 . Eraz. Apoph . Theodoro parum interest bumine an insublime putrescat . Tertal , de reJurect . Ierrem . 22.19 . Psal . 7 9.1.2 . Dossid . in witExod . 20.12 . Psal , 55.23 . The blood thirsty and deceitful mau shall not live out half his daies . 1 Sam. 2.32 . Hiro . epitaph Paul. sentimus quid bab●…emus , postquam habere decivimus . Jer 22.29 . Esa . 37.1 3. Matth. 25.35.36 . Matth. 24.28 . Esay . 1.2 . Deut. 32.29 . Psal 81.13 . Jerem. 8.22 . Luke . 19.41 , 42 Matth. 23.27 . Divin . institut . l 1. ut nec ipsam decent alia , nec alios ipsa . Beller . l. 1. de Verb. Dei. c. 2. Nazianz. orot . 38. mortem ut peccati precisionem homo lucratur , ne malum sit immortale ita pana in misericordia ced it . Amb. in Luke . mors triplex est 2. nature de qua dicitur querent mortem , & inveniunt secunda culpoe , de qua dicitur anima qua peecat morietur , tertia gratioe in qua non naturased delicta moriuntur . Sen. ep . 70. nibil melius oeterna lex secit quam quod unum intro itum ad vitam nobis dedit , exitus multos . Hippoc. Aph. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Luke 16.23 . Gen. 37.35.1 Kings 2.6 . Psal . 89.43 . Palm . 6 5. Isa . 38.18 . Apoc. 20 : 13. Gen. 3.17 . Rom : 5.12 . Ezek : 18 : 20. 2 Cor. 5.11 . 〈◊〉 ●…5 : 5. 1 Pet. 2.24 . Musculus in Gen. sides in id quod suturum est prospicit , ac de co nou secus , ac si jam factum esset gloriatur . Cic. consolat . Periclem narrant historia intra quadridum duobus filiis orbatum , quiusque eòp fortis & constans fuit , ut nihil prorsus depristino habitu cultuque diminurit , nec unquam coronam de capite deposuerit . Horatius Pulvillus dum edem Jovi dedicabit inter solemnem verborum nuncupationem postem tenens ut filium mortuum audivit , nequae manum à poste removit , neque sacra diremit . Plin. l. 21.6.4 . Rosa nascitur spina verius quam frutice . Hieron : comment , in Proph. Hosea c. 13 cromers tua ô mors ideo m●…rtum sum , ut tu mea morte moriaris , ero morsus tua inferne qui omnia tuis faucibus devorasti . morsus tua inferne qui omnis tuis faucibus devorasti . Aug. l. 3 . de remit . peccat c 11. ubi est peccatum quo puncti & venati sumus . Calv. in Hossatis constat Paulum 1 Cor. 15. non citasse Propheta testimonum ad confirmandam ullam doctrinam de que disserit . Calv. in hunc loc . ero pestes tuae ô mors , id est ego ero interitus mortis , ut mors ipsa non possit nos amplius perdere . Calv. in Hoses quanuis mors absorbeat omnia quanvis sepulchrum aboleat omnias , Deus tamen est superior morte & sepulchro , ergo si quando de speratio nos ita dejiciat , ut non gustemus omnes Dei promissiones , veniat nobis in mentem hic lo●us quod scilicet Deus sic exitio mortis . Chrysost . in 1 Cor. 15. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Bernard . serm . 26. in Cant. jam tibi frater in nocte adhuc mediâ diescebat nox sicut dies illumenabatur accitus sum ego , ut id miraculi viderem , hominem exultantem in morte insultantem morti , ubi est mors stimulus tuus ? jam non est stimulus sed jubilus , jam cantando , moritur homo , & moriendo cantat Plut●… moral : tract . de utilitat . ex inimicis capienda . Psalm 89.47 Rom : 6.2 1 Tim. 5.6 . Rev : 20.6 Morsuus est morti qui moritur crimini . Qui moritur ●…te quam moritur , 〈◊〉 moritur . Apoc : 20 : 14 Exod. 3 : 14 Levit. 25.25 . Apoc. 5.9 . 1 Pet. 1.18 . 1 Tim. 1.10 . Apoc. 14.13 . Vita moriens conflixit cum vivente morte . Apoc. 14.13 . 2 Cor. 5.1.8 . ●…ohn 11.25 . Apoc. 1.28 . Apoc. 22.16 . John 3.14 . As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness , even so must the Sun of man be lifted up . O mors devorasti & devorata es , illius morte tu mortua es illius morte nos vivimus , gratias tibi agimus Christe salvator quod tam potentem adversarium dum occideris occidisti . Hier . epitaph . Nepotiam . Herodotus in Thaliâ , 〈◊〉 - Ethiopes postquam mortuum aresecere gypse obl●●unt picturaque . exhortantes representant , deinde ei Cippum cavum e vitro circumdant in cujus medio mortuus interlucet . Esay 40.6 Nazianz de ob . Causar . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Psal : 16 : 11. Porheus in bunc loc adversus bestiam spiritus sanctus consolatur pios , si ab ill a prius propter testimenium Iefu trucidantus qnam de ed supplirium sumptum sit , nam vel sic morientes beati sunt , qui temporariam vitam amittentes in hoc seculo , oe ernam adipiscuntur in altro . Gen : 42 : 36. of a voyce from heaven , without any speaker . Ioseph is not , and Simeon is not . Math : 2 : 18. Rachel mourning for her children , and would not be comforted because they are not . Isocr . ad Demonicum . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ambrosius Ausbers , in Apoc. c. 14. ille nunc in spiritu raptus spirituali aure bonc vocem percipiens invit eodem spiritu ceelesism replendam esse at eundem vecem andire posset in suâ personâ Psal . 19 : 1 , 3. Melo in Apee . c. 14. audive vocem non corporalem neque a foris sirepentom , sed rut us firmatam per Angelum gui tot am ti Apccalypsin Christo jubente revelavit . 2 Pet. 2.18 . Acts 2.2 . Acts. 10.13 . Amb. Ausber . quia maximum est quod nuncsolus audis , stilo exprime ut ad ejus aures perveniat cujus figuram geris , Gasper Melo scyibene transvolet quod ad electorum solatium ad finem usq perseverare debet . Bellar. l. 4. de verb. Dei non scrip . c. 3. Si Chrivto & Apostoles suisset propositum ver bum Dei coarctandi ad scripturam inprimis rem tauti momenti Christus prae . cepisset , & Apostoli alicubi testarent , se ex Domini mandato soribere , of id nusquam legimus . Eusch 1.2 . hist . ad Matthaeum ca occasione scripsisse , &c. 2 Tim 3.16 . The Hebrews who say of one that is dead , that he is not , mean not simply that he is not at all , but he is not in the world , or appears not among the living , or is to us as if he were not . Luke . 20.38 . Ambros . loc supr . cit . quis mortuns mori potest ; Resp pii moriantur mun . do priusquam moriantur corpori . Psal . 145.18 . 1 Cor : 15.18 . But è contra , all that die for the Lord , die in the Lord , So Martyrs , are not excluded though they are not included alone , but all true confessors with them . Vid. Alcazarum in Apoc. c. 14. Math. 24.46 . Beza in hunc loc . quid si legatur perfectè quia tum optans piratam beatitudinem . Paraus in Apoc . Hic primitie , in coelo ipsa massa beatitudinis , bic sitimus justitiam , illic satiamer . Luke 16. 22. Orat. 24. in laudem Coesar credo generosum omnem caramq Deo auimam postquam vinculis corporis hinc soluta excesserit excussis compedibus quibus animi perinzdeprimi solebas hilarem ad Dominum suum convolare . Cyp. de mortal . mors non est exitus sed transitus & temporalis itinere decurso ad eierna transgressus . Bern. c. 15. de amore Dei Insideles mortem appellant fideles palch 1 , qui moritur mundo , ut perfecta vivet Deo. Apoc. 7.17 . Herod Hist . l. 1. beaius est nemo nisi cusus prosperitatem Deus foelici exitu , & morte confirmavit ut Cleobis , & Bitonis ac viventis , & periculis obonxi beatitudo ut currentis pramium , & coronaflaxa & vana est . Cornel. à Lapid . comment in A pcc. c. 14 , ut Romoe mori non potest , qui Romoe non vixit , it a qui in Domino non vixit in eo non moritur . Joh 15.1 , 2 , 4. Apoc. 7.13 . Eccles . 4.12 . 1 Cor. 9.14 . 1 Tim. 4.1 : Apoc. 2.7.17 . Apoc. 22 , 17. Cic. consolas . animorum oeternitatem proprius intaeutes cruciausun mirum in modum quasi flaginose . actum vitam pena etiam sit immortalis consecutura . Numb . 23.10 . Jere. 31.16.17 . Psal . 116.11 . Psal . 58.11 . Phil : 1.21.23 . Iob. 19 , 2●… , 26 , 27. 2 Tim. 4 , 6 , 7 , 8. 〈…〉 Vid. vitem Amerbach & L●…d Vr●…es lib. 1. de 〈◊〉 . Apoc. 4.8 . Pfal . 116.7 . Apoc : 4 : 10 : 11. Vid. Molin . tract Eau. de Silo●…m . Eccles . 11.13 . * Olymp. in eccles . in quocu●… igitur loco five illustri , five tenebrosus , five inturpi scelerum statione , five in honest●… virt●…tum depre●…e●…dit●…r , homa cum moriatur in co gradu , at●… , 〈◊〉 ordine permanet in aeternum nam velrequiescit in lumine felicitatis aeternae cum justis & Christo Domino : vel in te uebris cruciatur cum impuris , & principe bujus mnndi diabolo . Cyp. ad Demet . quand . buic excessum fuerit nullus jam penitemie locus est , nullus sat is factionis effectus , hic vita , aut amittitur , aut tenetur , & infra ad immortalitem sub ipsa m●…rte transitur . Me aphrin eccces . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cyp . ad demet , oevi temporalis fine completo ad aterna mortis vel immortalitatis hospitia dividimur . hom . 22 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ierome ep . 25. lugeatur mort●…us sed ille quem gehenn●… suscepit quem tartarus devorat in cuius poenam aeternus iguis estuat , non quorum exitum angelorum turbe commitatur , quibus obviam christum occurrit gravemur magis si diutius in tabernaculo isto mortis habitemus . hillar . in psal . 2. nibil ilic dilationis , aut more est tempus mortis babet unum quem●… ; suis legibus , dum ad judicium unumquem●… aut abraboe sinus reservat aut poenoe . tustine mart . lib qu. & resp . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. tertul l. de pai . ergo boc votum si illis consecutos imp tientur dolemus ipsi consequi 〈◊〉 . Cyp. de mortal . ejus est mortem timere qui ad christuū nollet tre eius est ad christum nolle ire qui se non credit cum christo incipe re regnare . Naz anz . o●…ac 42. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cyp. de mortal . amplectamur diem quius sig●…at singul●…s domi filio suo & laque is secu laribus ex●…lutos paradise restituis & regno c●…lest o. The second difficulty . Heb : 11.6 . Marh . 10.43 . Whosoever shall give drink to one of those little ones , a cup of could water onely in the name of a Disciple ; verily I say unto you , he shall not lose his reward . Apoc. 22.12 . Rom. 2.7 . Ber in Cant. charitas vacua non est nec tamen est mercenara . 2 Thes . 1. ●… . 2 Tim. 4.8 . L. 13. confes . c. 12. explenitudine bonitatis tuoe creatura tua subsistit ut bonnm quod tibi nibil prodesset nec de se quale tibi esset tamen quia ex te fieri potuit non deesset quid enim te promeruit coelum & terra , &c. De grat . & lib. arbit c. 9. cum posset Apo●…tolus recte dicere stipendium justitioe , est vita cterna , maluit dicere gratia au●… tem Dei est vita eterna . Vt intelligeremus Deum non pro merit is uostris , nos ad vitam ●…ternam , sed pro su●… miseratione perducere , Bafil . in Psal . 114. Manet sempitern●…r●…quies illos , qui in b●…c vit â legit●…me certarunt , non ob corum merita factorum sed de munificentissin●… ' Dei gratia ulgent . de predest●…inat . p. 18. ad Mouimum . ossidete Regum paratum vobis , sed & hoc ipsum opus est gratiae , ex gratiae , enim datur nonsolum justificati vita bona , sed & glorificatis vita 〈◊〉 , Ambrose in Psal ●…18 . Nonsunt condigna , non ergo secunda merit a nostra , sed secundam misericordi●…m ' Dei coelestium decretornim in homines formaprocedit . Marcus ●…remita de op . justif . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Greg l. 19. in Job c 17. Eleazar in praelio Elephantem stravit , s●…d sub ipso quem exti●…xi●… occub it , fic qui vitia superantes sub ipsaqu●…e subj●…ciuns superbiendo succumbunt . The third difficulty . The fourth difficulty . Math. 25.34.35 . Heb. 10.35 . Psal . 25 : 13. Psal : 1 : 13 : Rom : ●… : 28 : 1 Cor. 2.9 . Heb. 11.22.23 . Heb. 13.20 . Rev. 3.14 . ●…rov . 13.12 . 1 Pet. 18. Mat. 12.45 , 46 Sand. de scismate Anglicano . Psal . 77.15 . Gen. 49.33.50.2.3 . Gen. 50 : 1. Gen : 49 : 31. Act. 8.2 . Act , 9.39 . Psal . 90.20 . Gen. 47.9.28 . Gen. 48 : 10. Gen. 47.29 . Lake 23 , 28. Heb. 11.10 , 13 , 16. Eccl. 22. If. Eccl. 38.16 . Gen. 37.3 . Gen. 49.1 , 48. Gen. 49.26 . Gen. 37.34 . Gen. 37.35 . Gen. 37.35 . Gen. 45.27.28 . Gen. 46.30 . Deut. 34 : 8. Eccl. 22.12 . Numb . 19.11 . Exod. 20.11 . Gen. 2.2 . Gen. 3.9 . Il. Gen. 2.3 . 2 Sam. 12 , 7. Ephes . 6.2 . 2 Sam. 18.22 . Eccles . 38 . 16.17●… Gen. 49.22 . Observ . 1. Pauorem Hosliliue coluit Cybr . de Idol . vanicat . Tertul. de patieut . c. 2. Vse . Anselm . de . Boods . Symb. Princ. to 3. 1 King. 8.44 . Observ . 2. Vse . 1. Vse . 2. Iudg. 12.3 . Exod. 9.10 . Dan. 5.5 . Observ . 3. Vse . Observ . 4. Mat. 10.30 . Vse . 1. Vse . 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Luc. Dialog . adv . indoct . In vita Epictetiante Enchirid. Socr. Hist . Eccles . l. 4 c. 18. Observ . 5. Vse . Observ . 6. Esth . 5.2 . 2 King. 4.31 . Vse . 1. Vse . 2. 2 King. 2.21 . Apoc. 5.3 . Observ . 7. J1 . Typotius Symb. Princ. tom . 1. Non potest esse sapiens , qui aut unde proficise●…tur , aut quo perveniendum sit , nesci●…t . Cic. Acad. q. 1.2 . Vse . 1. De Rom. Pontific in vit . Pauli . 4. l. 6. Luk. 12.20 . 2 Kin. 2.11 . Vse . 2. Observ . 8. Vse . Sudias in v. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Obser v. 9. Clims . Scal. Paradil . grad . 6. in princ . Ib. in sine . Vse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Athen. 1. 5. ●… . 211 . Nazianz●… Carm. 52. In divite m male mo●…tion . Ambros . ad paenit . agend . exhor . tom - 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hippocrates in Juramento Strigel , in in Phil. 1.16 . Mat. tl . 28. Heb. 4.9.11 . Phil. 2.12.2 Pet 1.10 . 1. Jer. 40.16 . 2. 3. Psal . 143.2 , 4. 1 King. 3. 6. 7. Phil. 3.14 . 9. Act. 18.16 . 10. Dan. 2.34 . 11. 12. 13. 1 King , 52. 14. 15. 2 King. 18.25 . 16.1 King. 26.15.2 King. 24.8.2 King. 2.19.1 King. 19.29 . 17. 18. Psal . 73.11 . 2 Sam. 15.4 . 21. 22. 23. Revel . 2.21 . Psal . 140. ●…1 . 24. Mat. 8.19 . Dan. 5.5 . Numb . 22 23. 25. 26. Psal . 73.21 . Psal . 37.1 , 7 , 8. 27. Matth. ●…7 : 21. Psal : 73 : 16. 28. 1 Sam : 4 21. Isa : 7 : 2. 29. Ier : 22 ●… Job . 16.21 . 30. Act. 6.9.10 1 Cor. 1.20 . 31. Luke 10.34 . Psal . 79.11 . 32. 33. Rom. 2.5 . Exod. 14.4 . 37. 38. 1 Cor. 15.18 . Isa . 57.1 . 39. Gen. 25.8 . Ioh. 21.22 . Kings . 14.13 . 40. Rev. 3.10 . 2 Pet. 2.2 . 41. Heb : 7.3 . Prov : 2 : 19. Eccles . 7.2 . Exod. 14.20 . Mat. 14.2 , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. Lib. nono Ep. 70. 29. 30. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 Thes . 2.1 ●… . a 1 Thes . 4.13 . b Gen. 49.1 , 2. c Deut. 32.2 . d Act. 21.13 . e 1 Thes . ●… . 10. f Rom 9 1. g 1 P●t . 1 17. h 2 Tim. 4.18 . i 1 Cor. 1.8 . k 1 Cor. 2.9 . l Heb. 11.40 . m Phil. 1.23 . n Psal . 16.11 . o Act. 2.20 . p 2 Tim. and 2.1 . q Phil. 2.22 . r 1 Cor. 9.25.2 Tim. 2.5 . s Rom. 8.37 . t 2 Cor. 10.14 , 16. Gal. 1.16 . u 1 Cor. 9.17 . w 1 Thes . 2.4 . x Mat. 25.21 . Quaer . 1. Answ . y S. Chrys . in Loc. z Non haec jactantiae verb● sunt , sed bonae Conscientia , Estius ad Loc. 1 Cor. 10.31 . Quaer : 2. Answ . a Jam : 2.18 . b Rom. 5.17 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . c Vera fides viva est , Nec potest esse otiosa Juell . in Apolog . d Cal. 5.6 . e Rom. 13.8 . f 1 Ioh. 3.14 . Quaer . 3. Answ . Quae ; 4. Answ . g Mat. 2.23 . Rom. 12.6 . h Magalianus , ad Loc. i S. Ambrose in Luc. k Saint Gregogry in Job 23. l Espencoeus ad Loc. m Heb. 11.7 . n 2 Pet. 2.5 . o Gen. 6.3 . p Jer. 20.7 . q 2 Chron. 36.16 . Mat. 23.37 . r In signum contradicibile . Tert de Carne Chr●…i , cap. 28. Isa . 8.13 : s 1 〈◊〉 Bishop Hall in Paraphr : Piscator & Fransiscus Lucas . t Confer : Lam. 3.35 . u 2 Cor. 5.20 . w Act. 2.40 . Phil. 2.15 . x Yert in Apoleget . y 2 Tim. 4.17 . z 1 Cor. 16.9 . a Mat. 10.16 . b Isa . 6.10 . c 1 Tim. 3.1 . Rom. 11.13 . d Prov 13 , 5 : Ezek. 36 : 31. e 1 Tim. 6.12 . f Mat. 16.26 . g 1 Cor. 4.2 . Act. 2.40 . h Isa . 8.18 . Heb. 2.13 . i Heb. 13.17 . k 1 Cor. 3.6 . l Gen. 3.15 . m Gen. 25 22. n Mat. 10.34 , 35. o S. Cypr. lib. de Mortal . c. 9. p 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Macar . Homil. q 2 Thes . 3.3 . r Psal . 111. 〈◊〉 . Heb. 10 : 20. s 1 Jo. 3.2 . t 1 Cor. 13.12 . u 2 Cor. 1 : 12. w Tit. 2.10 . x Act. 14 : 22. y Mat. 20.22 . z Jam. 3.2 . Gal. 6 : 1. a Mat. 13.42 . * Phil. 3.21 . b Mat. 17. 4. Ioh. 14 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 d 2 Pet. 1.17 . e Tanqu●…m filius gratiae Bradwardin de S. Paulo . f 2 Tim. 31 , 6.2 Pet. 1.21 . g Act. 9.15.2 Tim. 2 20. h Rom. 5 17. i Our heart is as barren of any good , as they report the Isle of Patmos is , wheren ●… thing will grow , but on earth that is brought from other places . D. Stoughton . k 1 Pet. 2.5 . l Cant. 8.5 : m Phil. 3.21 . n See my Sermon , styled , The remedy of Schisme , preached at Pauls Lond. 1640. p. 18. 19 , o Psal . f 30.3 . p. Fulgent . lib. 1. ad Monim . q Rom. 8.18 . Meritum meum miseratio Domini . Bern. ●…naer . Answ . r S Aug. de verb. Apost . Serm. 16. Debitor Deus factus est , No●… aliquid a nobis accipiendo , sed quod ●…ipl●…cuit promittendo illo ergo modo possumus exigere Dominum nostrum ut dicamus , Redde quod promifi●…ti , quia fccimus quod Jussi●…ti , & hoc to fecisti , qui labor●…ntes juvistiNan dicimus Deo , Redde , ●…uia accepisti ; sed redde quia promisisti , Cron. Die●…eric Dn 9 post . Trin. in Fine . s 1 Tim. 4.1 . and 2 Tim. 3.1 . t 1 Cor : 10.11 . u Mundus senescens patitur pha●…tasias , Gerson . w Act 2 : 20.2 Tit. 4 : ●… . x Ioh : 6 , 39 , 40 , 44. y Vid. Aug. lib. 20. De Civ . Dei c. 7 & Philastr , c 59. De Heres . & Aug. De Heres . c 8. z Euseb . 1 : 3 : c : 25. Histor . Ecclesiast . a Ezek. 1.10 , b Ioh. 1.1 , 2. &c. c Mat. 20.21 : Act. 1.6 . d Luk. 17.21 . e Rom , 14 : 17 : f Eusc●… . 1.3 . c. 36. Eccl. Hist . g Justin : Martyr , Dialog . Gum Triphon Jud. pag. 239. h Baron . in Annal : Ann. 128. sect 2. & Hieron . in Cataleg illustr . cap. de Papiâ . i Tertal . ill 3 advers . Marc. c. 24. k Lactant. 1.7 c. 24. Institut . l 3 Epist . John 9. m Re : 20.6 . n Re. 14.13 . o Ioh. Gerard. loc com . To. 9. c 7 sect . 80. p See Bish . Hall in his Revealtion . unrevealed , edi t 1650 , D. Prid. serm . on 2 Pet. 3.13 . and serm . on Joh. 6.14 . Per. Dem. of Probl. vid. Dieter . In die . fest . Bar. Ap. p 7.14 &c. vol. 4. Bul. 1.2 . c. 11. contr . Anapaht . & sixt Senens . 1.6 . Annot. 347. q Art. 6. of the Ch. of England r Phsl . 1 : 8. Mat. 21.5 . s 2 Pet. 1.17 . t Acts 17.31 : 2 Tim. 4 : 1.1 Pet. 4.5 . u See my Sermon , stiled The Gra●…d Assizes , pag. 37. ed it . 16 53. preached at Winchester . w 2 Tim. 4 : 1. * Mat. 25 : 31. x 1 Tim. 5.17 . y Mat. 24 : 46. z Pet. 5.2 . a Heb. 11.25 . b Iam. 5.7 . c Rev. 20.12 . d Act. 9.15 . e 2 Tim. 4.17 . f 1 Cor. 16.9 . Quer. Answer . g Iohn 6.63 . h Prov. 25 : 14. i Iud. v. 12. k B. King , lect . 38. on Ioan. l Phil. 1.9 , 10. * Fallit . enim vitium pronimitate , boni . m Heb. 5.14 . n 2 Tim. 3.4 . o Ier. 17 9.2 Cor. 11.3 . p 2 Cor. 11.14 . q Prov. 1.5 . r 1 Thes . 5.21 . s Rom 12.2 . t Act. 17.11 . u Gal. 5.19 . w Iudg. 7.21 . x Gal. 2.10 . y Psal . 119.136 . z Rom 6 12. a Psal . 19.13 . b Psal . 38 4. c Mat. 11.28 . d 1 Ioh. 3.2 . e Heb. 12.2 , 23 , 14. g 1 Pet. 5 10. h 1 Tim. 1.17 .