A most compleat compendium of geography, general and special describing all the empires, kingdoms and dominions in the whole world : shewing their bounds, situation, dimensions, ancient and modern names, history, government, religions, languages, commodities ... archbishopricks and universities : in a more plain and easie method, more compendious and (perhaps) more useful than any of this bigness : to which are added general rules for making a large geography, ... / collected according to the most late discoveries and agreeing with the choicest and newest maps by Laurence Eachard ... Echard, Laurence, 1670?-1730. 1691 Approx. 302 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 105 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). 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A37760) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 103633) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1149:7) A most compleat compendium of geography, general and special describing all the empires, kingdoms and dominions in the whole world : shewing their bounds, situation, dimensions, ancient and modern names, history, government, religions, languages, commodities ... archbishopricks and universities : in a more plain and easie method, more compendious and (perhaps) more useful than any of this bigness : to which are added general rules for making a large geography, ... / collected according to the most late discoveries and agreeing with the choicest and newest maps by Laurence Eachard ... Echard, Laurence, 1670?-1730. [36], 168 p., [2] leaves of plates : maps. Printed for Tho. Salusbury ..., London : 1691. An appendix concerning rules for making a large geography: p. 163-168. Includes index. Errata: p. 168. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Geography -- Early works to 1800. 2003-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-06 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-07 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2003-07 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-08 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A most Compleat COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY , GENERAL and SPECIAL ; Describing all the Empires , Kingdoms , and Dominions , IN THE Whole WORLD . Shewing their Bounds , Situation , Dimensions , Ancient and Modern Names , History , Government , Religions , Languages , Commodities , Divisions , Subdivisions , Cities , Rivers , Mountains , Lakes , with their Archbishopricks , and Universities . In a more Plain and Easie Method , more Compendious , and ( perhaps ) more Useful than any of this bigness . To which are added , General Rules for making a large GEOGRAPHY Very necessary for the right Understanding of the Transactions of these Times . Collected according to the most late Discoveries , and agreeing with the choicest and newest MAPS . By LAVRENCE EACHARD , of Christ's-Colledge in Cambridge . London : Printed for Thomas Salusbury at the Sign of the Temple near Temple-Bar in Fleet-street . 1691. To the Reverend and truly Learned Dr. IOHN COVEL , Chancellour of YORK , AND MASTER OF CHRIST-COLLEDGE IN CAMBRIDGE . Reverend Sir , WHen you first find your Name prefixed to this Book , you will no less marvel at my Boldness than Folly ; but the Right of Dedication , which every Scribler assumes to himself , may in some measure save me harmless ; and your Goodness , which truly knows how to pardon the rash Attempts of Youth , has animated me to shelter this small Trifle under the Patronage of your Name . I will not go about to extenuate my Crime , by such fulsome Panegyricks as Dedications are usually stuffed withal ; for those are the common Badges of mercenary Pens , which too oft betray the Wit as well as the Integrity of such Writers . I do not pretend in the least to better your Understanding by this small Compendium , or to add any thing to the knowledge of a Person who is already so well acquainted with the World , and has seen so many famous Countries : Neither do I make use of your Name to avoid ( the common Fate of Young Writers ) Envy , for to be thought worthy of that , shall be my greatest Glory ; but chiefly because the Name of so Eminent a Patron may give the greater encouragement to others , and that this Science may be the more esteemed in our Vniversity ; and lastly , that I may let the World know how much I am honoured by publishing my self Your most humble and devoted Servant , LAU . EACHARD . THE PREFACE . THere is no Man , I believe , can with very much Reason find fault with the Subject of this Book , being so noble and useful ; for this is a Science which is most perfectly adorned with all the Beauties that may create delight , and satisfie the curious , so that it needs no Vindication . The Book it self I am afraid will be condemned by the more nice sort of Persons , when they first see it , who will perhaps look upon it as superfluous , and altogether useless , since there have been already so many excellent Books both small and great of this kind . To answer this perhaps will not be thought so agreeable to true modesty ; but howsoever I shall take leave to say thus much of it , and that without any sort of vanity . That I have never met with any yet , that have used a more exact Method , or have kept so close to their Method as this , neither do I know of any that have been so particular in the Sub-divisions and Soveraignties as this . I am truly sensible that several worthy Persons who heard of my design of putting out a Geography , have censured me as to bold an Vndertaker after so many accurate Pens , but the Iudgment of these Persons may well be suspected , since they were so very little acquainted with my Studies , and not at all with my Book . For my part , I had so little esteem of it my self as to have kept it wholly for my own private use , for which it was first designed ; neither would I ever have ventured my Reputation ( which as yet is very tender ) among so many Criticks , if I had not two several times been encouraged by Mr. Neuton ( most deservedly ) our Mathematick Professor , ( a Person whose judgment and skill is so well known as not to be disputed ) who approved of the Method and Brevity when it was much less perfect than it is now , and said , That he did not see how a General Geography so full , could be easily brought into less room . The first time he saw it , he did me the Honour to correct several Faults with his own Hand . As to the Method in every Country , I first begin with the Bounds , Situation , Dimensions , from named Places , Ancient and Modern Names ; then the Historical part , with the present Government ; then I name the Religion , Language , and Commodities , with the chief place of the whole . After this I come to the particular Provinces . When they are over , I mention all the chief Rivers , Mountains , and Lakes ; with the number of the Patriarchs , Arch-bishops , Bishops , and Universities . As for the Provinces themselves , I have been very careful to set them in such order as they may be most easily found in Maps , beginning with the most Northern , N. Eastern , or N. Western Province ( so likewise on the Sub-divisions ) ; then naming that which lies next to it , so that one cannot well be mistaken . I have also given all their Dimensions , Situations , Sub-divisions and Soveraignties , and giving them their proper Titles , as Dukedom , Earldom , &c. with all their chief Towns , or Cities . This Method I have used in every particular Country , as much as the Subject would permit . I have all the way intermixed the old Geography with the new , not only in every Country , but in every Province where I could , tho' it is done with so much brevity , it may easily be understood . I have been very curious in the distinguishing the one from the other , and giving the true extent of the old Provinces , and have discovered several faults which are often committed by many Geographers , as making Hetruria the same with Tuscany , Latium , the same with Campania de Roma ; Liguria the same with the State of Genoa , Helvetia the same with Switzerland , &c. Also some other faults , in not distinguishing the old Albania from the new , the old Persia from the new , &c. these are faults which by many others have been little observed , therefore I took the more care to correct them . As for the length and breadth of the Countries and Provinces ( the truth of which , I am afraid , will be scrupled by several ) they are made according to no Book whatsoever , but wholly according to Maps , and those the best and newest I could procure , which were for the most part De Wits , Vischer's , Sanson's , and Berry's , in these I have found no very considerable difference in the Provinces of Europe . I would not have the Reader expect the true Dimensions of every Province to a mile , for no Maps are so exact , especially in Asia , Africa , and America , where they are seldom without great faults : neither would I have him count it a fault , if by chance in measuring I have mistaken one mile in twenty . Tho' these Dimensions are designed ( I mean those of the inferiour Provinces ) rather as an Ornament to compleat this Book , or rather to shew a way to others ; yet I have taken such care that there should be no considerable fault , but what must be attributed wholly to the Maps . The Miles that I have made use of are exactly the 60th part of a Degree in the Aequator , which are somewhat larger than our measured miles ( for those are found to be about the 69th part of a Degree ) agreeing for the most part with our vulgar counted Miles ; so that France , Spain , Italy , Germany , &c. will be found to be somewhat less in this than in most other Geographies . Another thing I must advertize the Reader , which is concerning Longitude , mentioned in the Situation of every Country ; that in all the Countries in Europe and Asia , I have reckoned the Longitude from Teneriffe , one of the Canary Isles , according to F. de Wit 's Maps ; but in Africa and America , ( because Sanson's and Berry's Maps were so , who were my chiefest Guide in those parts ) I have reckoned the Longitude from Ferro , another of the Canary Isles , just two Degrees West of Teneriffe . I am afraid that I have made the Preface too large for the Book , yet before I make an end , I must desire the impartial Reader to consider it throughly before he condemn it , and if it does not perform what it promises , I do with all modesty submit my self to the judgment of the Ingenious ; for to those Persons Nature has commonly given a Soul so truly noble and generous , as will never insult over the weakness of a yielding Person , nor too much discourage the good Intentions of a young Writer . In short , if there be any Person whatsoever that shall find half as much profit or pleasure in the Reading of this Book , as I have in the Writing , I shall count it a Reward much beyond the meanness of my deserts . ADVERTISEMENT . THE Reader is desired to take Notice , That E. W. N. and S. stands for East , West , North , and South ; ch . T. for chief Town or City ; l. and br . for long and broad ; m. for miles ; an . for anciently ; Lon. and Lat. for Longitude and Latitude ; K. D. Mar. Earl. Prin. Bar. Bish. and Ter. for Kingdom , Dukedom , Marquisate , Earldom , Principalities , Barony , Bishoprick , and Territory . These Verses were sent to the Publisher by one who , it seems , had seen my Book , and says ( in his Letter ) they were designed onely for a Vindication . Notwithstanding I had refused several Copies of Verses before , I should now prove my self very ungrateful to refuse the kind proffers of one who has shewn himself so modestly Ingenious ; therefore I have published them , not out of vanity , but as a mark of gratitude . To his Worthy Friend , the Author of this ensuing Treatise . SIR , EXpect not now those high-flown tow'ring strains ( Which , as 't was , in a Trance enslave Mens Brains ) T' enhance the useful Art , your skill or pains : No ; what a stumbling Muse , or Love imparts Led by the influence of your dear Deserts , Here you may find ; nor dare I hope to raise A brighter Lustre to its native Praise . As painful Bees o're spatious Fields do roam , With loaden Sweets come to their welcome Home , And there dispose them in the Honey comb ; So you great Volumes rack , to find what 's true , And in a Method most concise , yet new , Lay out those Treasures to a Publick view . Drake's Ship tho' bigger than this little spot , Yet never past more Seas , more knowledge got , Tho' a far greater loss of time was there , For what 's an Hour now , was then a Year ▪ Nay Life perhaps fat trembling at Death's Door . Whilst fearless here we ransack all your store : So what can grateful Man desire more ? Methinks Geography would be inough , To give the snarling World a generous proof How it deserves ; for surely all would know The Figure , Form , and State of Things below . But when with you so regular we pass , No cooling Rub or'e all th' extended Mass. Good God! what brutish Animals are those , Would not such precious Secrets here disclose , Would not admire and praise the brave Design , The World encompast in one small Machine ? Regiomontan's Eagle could not vie , With your small Landskip of Geography ; And such like Labours need a greater skill Which are confin'd to Rules not wrought at will. Go on , dear Sir , and as you have begun , O'review the World , like to the Rising Sun , Enlight'ning still , whil'st we all ought to pray To your Endeavours , a long Plus ultra . Yours , ANONYMUS . AN INDEX Of all the Countries in this BOOK , With the principal PROVINCES and ISLES . A.   Fig. Pag. ABex 1 137 Abissina 9 134 AFRICA III. 115 Africk Isles   141 Agades 4 130 Agra 21 102 Ajan 2 137 Airach 5 95 Aladuli 4 82 Albania 14 75 Alentejo 5 15 Algarve 6 15 Algiers 3 122 Amara 6 136 Amasia 3 82 Amazon   154 AMERICA IV 142 American Isles   160 Andaluzia 13 13 Angola 6 134 Ango● 3 135 Auzacana 3 133 Arabia 3 90 Aragon 5 12 Arda 3 132 Artois 9 41 Arcerum 2 87 ASIA II. 78 Astracan 30 65 Asturia 2 11 Attock 3 101 Austria 10 51 Ayaman 3 92 B. Bakar 27 102 Bando 29 103 Bankisk 5 101 Barbary 2 120 Barca 6 123 Barca Deserts 10 125 Barma 1 107 Barnegasso 1 135 Barraab 2 91 Bavaria 9 51 Bechria 2 118 Begamedri 4 135 Beira 3 15 Belejezoro 15 63 Bengala 38 103 Benin 4 132 Berar 37 103 Berdoa 5 126 Beriara 1 91 Bessarabia 10 74 Biafara 1 133 Bielski 18 64 Biledulgerid 3 123 Biledulgerid pr. 9 125 Biscay 3 12 Bisnagar 3 105 Bohemia 11 52 Borneo 4 113 Borno 6 127 Bosnia 4 73 Brabant 12 41 Brasil 8 156 Bretagne 5 18 British Isles 5 30 Bukar 27 102 Bulgar 29 65 Bulgaria 11 74 Burgundy 7 19 C. Cabul 2 100 Caffer●a 12 139 Calafornia   148 Camboje 5 108 Canada 1 144 Canada pr. 1 144 Canary Isles 2 141 Candahor 1 100 Candia 1 76 Candis 36 103 Canina 15 75 Cano 5 130 Caramania 2 82 Caribana 11 154 Caribe Isles 7 161 Carolina 7 146 Cartagena 2 153 Cassena 6 130 Castile new 9 13 Castile old 10 13 Catalonia 6 12 Cathay 5 98 Cazan 28 65 Celebes 1 113 Ceilon 7 114 Chaco 2 158 Champagne 2 17 Las Charlos 6 156 Chiamethan . 5 150 Chiapa 15 151 Chikiang 9 111 Chile 10 159 Chile pr. 1 160 China 9 109 Chitor 34 103 Chucuito 3 160 Chur distan 6 95 Chusistan 7 95 Cinaola 1 149 Cochin china 4 108 Comania 1 89 Comocusco 16 151 Condora 4 62 Congo 8 132 Congo pr. 4 133 Connaught 2 37 Corassan 4 95 Corsica 3 29 Costa Rica 21 152 Crim Tartary   76 Croatia 3 72 Cuba 3 161 Culiacan 2 150 Curdes 3 85 Curland 1 67 Cyprus 1 87 Czeremisses 27 64 Czernihow 37 67 D. Dalmatia 5 73 Dara 2 124 Dauphine 11 20 Decan 2 105 Delly 22 102 Denmark 8 54 Dierbeck 4 86 Dierbeck pr. 1 86 Dwina 3 62 E. Egypt 1 117 England 1 30 Entre min. douro 1 15 Erif 1 118 Estremadura 4 15 EUROPE I. 8 Extremadura 12 13 F. Fars 8 95 Fenicia 2 84 Fez 2 121 Flanders 8 41 Florida 3 147 Finland 5 59 Firmland 6 152 Firmland pr. 1 153 Fokien 11 111 France 3 16 Franche Comte 14 21 Franconia 8 50 G. Gago 11 130 Gallicia 1 11 Gangara 7 130 Gaoga 7 127 Genehoa 2 129 Genoa 4 24 Geergia 2 88 Georgiens 2 85 Germany 7 43 Giaquer ● 134 Gilan 2 94 Golconda 1 105 Gor 10 101 Gothland 2 58 Granada 14 13 Gronigen 1 39 Guadalajara 6 150 Gualata 1 129 Gualeo 20 102 Guargara 8 125 Guatamala 17 151 Guaxapa 12 150 Guayra 6 159 Guiana 10 154 Guienne 9 19 Guinea 7 131 Guinea pr. 2 132 Guber 10 130 Gurgistan 3 89 Guzarat 33 103 H. Hajacan 26 102 Hainault 10 41 Hendown 28 102 Highland 1 35 Hispaniola 5 161 Holland 6 40 Holy Empire 13 41 Holy-land 3 84 Honan 3 110 Honduras 19 151 Hungary 1 72 Huguang 2 111 I. Iamaica 4 161 Iamba 16 102 Ianna 16 75 Iapan 1 112 Iava 5 114 Ienupar 23 102 Ieroslaw 23 64 Ieselmire 30 103 Iesual 14 101 Imperial 2 160 India ex Gangem 8 106 India in Gangem 7 104 Ingria 6 60 Ireland 4 36 Iseland 1 56 Isle of France 3 18 Italy 4 22 Iucatan 14 151 Iuhorski 5 62 Iunnan 15 112 K. Kachemire 4 101 Kakares 6 ib. Kanduana 11 ib. Kargapol 2 62 Kiangsi 10 111 Kirman 9 95 L. Languedoc 10 20 Lapland Russ. 1 62 Lapland Swed . 4 59 Leinster 3 37 Lemta 4 126 Leon 11 13 Liege 15 42 Limburg 16 42 Lionois 8 19 Lithuania 3 68 Livadia 17 75 Liv●nia 7 60 Loango 2 133 Lorrain 13 21 Low-C●untries 6 38 Lowland 2 35 Lucaies 2 161 Luconia 1 113 Luxemburg 17 42 M. Macedonia 13 74 Madagascar 1 141 Magalanica   160 Makran 12 96 Malabar 4 105 Malegvette 1 132 Malvay 35 103 Mandinga 12 130 Mantua 8 26 St. Martha 5 153 Mary-land 5 146 Massovia 6 68 Mawrinalra 2 98 Mechlin 14 42 Mechoecan 1 150 Melli 13 130 Mengralia 2 89 Merat 13 101 Mexico 10 150 Mezzab 6 125 Mindano 2 113 Milan ● 25 Modena 7 25 Magul's Empire 6 99 Moldavia 9 74 Molucca 3 113 Mongul 4 98 Monomotapa 11 138 Monomotapa pr. 1 139 Monomugi 2 ib. Montferret 3 24 Morea 18 76 Morocco 1 121 Moscow 20 64 Multan 25 102 Munster 4 37 Murcia 8 12 N. Namur 11 41 Nanking 8 111 Naples 12 28 N●●●ar 19 102 Natolia 1 81 Natolia pr. 1 82 Navarr 4 12 Naugrecut 7 101 Ney●oe land 6 128 Negropont 2 76 New Biscay 3 150 Ne● England 2 145 Newfoundland 1 160 New France 2 144 New Granada 4 153 New Iarsey 3 146 New Scotland 3 144 New Spain . 5 149 New York 2 145 Nicaragua 20 151 Normandy 4 18 North Iuitland 1 55 Norway 5 56 Novogrod 14 63 Novogrod Nisi 26 64 Novogrod Sewerski 36 65 Nubta 5 127 O. Obdora 8 63 Okraina 32 65 Oriental Isles 10 112 Orleanois 6 18 Overyssel 3 40 P. Pacamores 3 155 Panuco 9 150 Paraguay 9 158 Paraguay pr. 1 158 Parana 5 159 Parma 6 25 Patna 15 101 Pecheli 1 110 Pegu 2 107 Pengab 24 102 Pensilvania 4 146 Perm●ki 11 63 Persia 3 93 Peru 7 155 Peru pr. 5 156 Petzora 6 62 Philippine Isles 2 113 Picardy 1 17 Piedmont 2 24 Pitan 9 101 Pleskow 16 63 Podolia 12 69 Polachia 7 69 Poland 11 66 Poland pr. 5 68 Pole 31 65 Polesia 8 69 Popayan 3 153 Popedom 10 27 Porto Rico 6 161 Portugal 2 14 Posto 1 155 Provence 12 21 Prussia 4 68 Q. Quantung 12 111 Quangsi 13 ib. Queichen 14 ib. Quito 4 156 Los Quixos . 2 155 R. Rescow 17 63 Rezan 34 65 Rhine Low. 5 48 〈◊〉 4 47 〈◊〉 6 153 〈◊〉 4 159 〈◊〉 12 74 〈◊〉 22 64 〈◊〉 10 61 〈◊〉 9 69 S. S●●●●s●an 10 95 Salud 3 119 Sambal 18 102 Samvedes 7 63 Samogitia 2 67 Sardinia 2 29 Sarra 4 125 Savoy 1 23 Saxony Low. 2 45 Saxony Vp. 1 44 Schonen 1 58 Sclavonia 2 72 Scotland ● 34 Segelmessa ● 124 Servan 1 94 Servia 6 73 Siam 6 108 Siba 8 101 Siberia 9 63 Sicily 1 28 Las Sierra 7 156 Sigistan 11 96 Sleswick 2 55 Smolensko 19 64 Soret 32 103 Spain 1 10 Suabia 7 49 Suchven 6 111 Sumatra 6 114 Susdal 24 64 Sweden 3 59 〈◊〉 9 57 Switzerland 12 53 Syria 2 83 Syria pr. 1 84 T. Tobasco 13 151 Taberistan 3 94 Targa 3 126 Tartary 5 96 Tartary Deserts 1 97 Tatta 31 103 Techort 7 125 Tegorarin 4 124 Tesset 1 124 Tigremehon 2 135 Tlascala 11 150 Tombute 3 130 Tralos montes 2 15 Transilvania 8 74 Tripoli 5 122 Tucuman 3 158 Tunis 4 122 Tunquin 3 107 Turchestan 3 98 Turcomania 3 84 Turcomania pr. 1 85 Turky in Asia 1 80 Turky in Europe 12 70 T wer 21 64 V. Valencia 7 12 Vdessa 12 101 Venezula 7 153 Venice 9 26 Veraguay 22 152 Vera Pax 18 151 Vkrain 11 69 Virginia 6 146 Vlster 1 37 V●lhinia 10 69 Vraguay 7 159 Vst●●ga 12 63 〈◊〉 5 40 W. 〈◊〉 7 73 〈◊〉 2 32 〈◊〉 2 39 〈◊〉 3 46 〈◊〉 10 63 〈◊〉 25 64 〈◊〉 13 63 WORLD   1 Worotiu 35 65 X. Xalisco 7 150 Xansi 4 110 Xantung 2 ib. Xensi 5 ib. Y. Yerack 3 87 Yvica 3 14 Z. Zaca●icas     Zanguebar 10 136 Zanguebar pr. 3 137 Zanfara 8 130 Zanhaga 1 126 Zeb 5 124 Zegreg 9 130 Zeland 7 40 Zuenriga 2 126 Zuiria 4 90 Zutphen 4 40 Books lately Printed , and Sold by Tho. Salusbury at the Sign of the Temple near Temple-Barr in Fleet-street . A New Art of Brewing Beer , Ale , and other Sorts of Liquors ; so as to render them more healthful and agreeable to Nature ; and to keep them longer from Souring with less trouble and charge than generally practised , The Second Edition . To which is added , The Art of Making Mault , &c. By Tho. Tyron , Student in Physick . Arithmetical Rules , digested and contracted for the help and benefit of Memory . Very necessary and useful , as well for Gentlemen and Tradesmen , as for Youth and Apprentices , in Mercantile Affairs . With Examples illustrated upon the Rules . By Arthur Leadbetter , Schoolmaster in the Whiting-street in Bury St. Edmonds in Suffolk . The History of the late Great Revolution in England and Scotland , with the Causes and Means by which it was accomplished . Together with a particular Account of the extraordinary Occurrences which happened thereupon . As likewise the Settlement of both the Kingdoms under their most Serene Majesties , King William and Queen Mary . Octavo . Price Five shillings . EUROPA ASIA A most Compleat COMPENDIUM OF GEOGRAPHY , GENERAL and SPECIAL ; Describing All the Empires , Kingdoms , and Dominions , in the Whole WORLD . GEOGRAPHY is a Science which teacheth the Description and Dimensions of the Earth . The Earth is situated , according to Ptolomy and Tycho , in the Centre of the World , but according to Copernicus , between the Orbs of Mars and Venus ; its subsistance so wonderful , as may well express that unlimited Power which performs things infinitely beyond what we can imagine . It is a Sperical Body , which , together with the Water , make up one Globe , of so perfect and exact a form , and so beautified and adorned by the God of Nature , that from the eligancy and beauty thereof , it was called by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and by the Latines Mundus . It is in Circuit 21600 Miles , ( allowing 60 to a Degree ) its Diameter 6872 Miles , its Superficies in Square Miles 148510584 , and its Sollid Content just 169921796242 Cubical Miles . The Earth may admit of a fourfold Division , Viz. 1. It 's Imaginary Parts . 2. It s Real Parts . 3. In respect of its Inhabitants . And , 4. It s National Parts . 1. Imaginary Parts . The Imaginary Parts are only supposed for the better understanding of this Science , divided into 1. Poles , 2. Circles , 3. Zones , and , 4. Climes . 1. The Poles are the extreme points of the Axis , which is supposed to pass through the Centre of the Earth , and on which it is supposed to move daily about . They are the furthest distant from the Aequator ; in number two , viz. the Artick or North Pole , and the Antartick or South Pole. 2. The Circles are divided into the Greater and Lesser : the Greater divide the World into two equal parts ; in number four , Viz. 1. The Aequator , compassing the Earth equally between ( and furthest from ) the Poles : when the Sun is here , the days and nights are equal . 2. The Zodiack , in which is the Ecliptick cutting the Aequator obliquely , through which the Sun passes in a Year . These two are Immoveable . 3. The Horizon , dividing the Visible parts of the Heavens from the Invisible . 4. The Meridian , dividing the Horizon into two equal parts : when the Sun is here , it is Noon . These two are Moveable . The Lesser Circles divide the World into two Unequal Parts ; they are 1. The Tropicks , which terminate the Sun's distance from the Aequator , being 23 degr . and one half from it : when the Sun is in these , it is either Winter or Summer . They are two , viz. of Cancer on the North , and of Capricorn on the South side of the Aequator . 2. The Polar Circles , 66 degr . and one half of the Aequator , and 23 and one half of the Poles ; they are called the Artick and Antartick Circles . 3. The Parallels , which are parallel to the Aequator , set in Maps to shew the Latitude , as the Meridian Lines are to shew the Longitude of Places . ( Note , that Latitude is the distance from the Aequator , and Longitude from the first Meridian , made commonly to pass through the Canary Islands . ) 3. The Zones are certain spaces of Earth , included between two lesser Circles . In number five ; viz. one Torrid Zone , which lies between the Tropicks ; two Temperate Zones , between the Tropicks and Polar Circles , and two Frigid Zones , between the Polar Circles and the Poles . 4. A Climate is a space of Earth between two Parallels , in which the longest day is increased half an hour : As for example , In the first Climate the longest Day is 12 Hours and a half , in the second Climate 13 Hours , in the third Climate 13 hours and a half , &c. 2. Real Parts . The Real Parts of the Earth are such as have a real Existance upon the Superficies of the Earth . Didived into 1. Water , and 2. Land. 1. Water is divided into 1. Ocean , called a general Collection or Rendezvous of all Waters , giving bounds to the four Regions of the Earth . 2. Sea , a part of the Ocean incompassed with Earth , except and streight , such as the Mediterranian and Baltick . 3. Streight , a part of the Ocean , restrained into narrow bounds , opening the way to a Sea , as those of Magalanica and Gibralier . 4. Lake , a large space of Water wholly incompassed with Land , as Parima and Zaire . 5. Creek or Gulf , a crooked Shore , thrusting forth as it were two Arms to hold the Sea , as those of Venice and Lepanto ; Rivers , Brooks , Fountains , &c. are well known . 2. Land , divided into 1. Continent , a vast Tract of Land , where many Nations are joyned together , as Europe , Asia , &c. 2. Island , a space of Land wholly incompassed with Sea , as Britain , Madagascar , Iapan , &c. 3. Peninsula , a space of Land very nigh incompassed with Sea , as Malacca , Morea , &c. 4. Is●●mus , is that space of Land which joyns a Peninsula to a Continent . 5. Promontory , or Cape , or Mountain shooting it self into the Sea , as the Cape of Good Hope , Cape Verde , &c. Mountains , Forrests , Woods , &c. are well known . 3. Inhabitants . The Earth is divided , in respect of the Inhabitants , into the right hand and left . 1. To the Poets , the North was counted the right hand , and the South the left . 2. To Priests , the South is the right hand , and the North the left . 3. To Astronomers , the West is the right hand , and the East the left . And , 4. to Geographers , the East is the right hand , and the West is the left . The Inhabitants themselves are divided , 1. In respect of their Sight . 2. According to their Shadows . And , 3. according to their Countreys . 1. Those according to their Sight are dividid into , 1. Antaeci , which live under the same Meridian and same Latitude , but on different sides of the Aequator . 2. Periaeci , which live on the same side of the Aequator and same Latitude , but on opposite sides of the Globe . 3. Antipodes , that live diametrically opposite to each other . 2. Those according to their Shadows , are divided into , 1. Amphiscii , which live in the Torrid Zone , whose shadows tend both ways . 2. Perisscii , which live in the Frigid Zones , whose shadows are on all sides of them . 3. Heterosscii , living in the Temperate Zones , whose shadows tend but one way . 3. Those according to their Countreys and Nations they live in , shall be spoken of afterwards . 4. National Parts . The Earth , in respect , of its Countreys , is divided into four great parts , viz. 1. Europe , 2. Asia , 3 Africa , and , 4. America , to which are added , 5. Terra Borialis incognita , and , 6. Terra Australis incognita . These are divided into Empires , Kingdoms , Regions , Countreys , Nations , &c. These again subdivided into Provinces , Governments , Prefectures , Circles , Circuits , Captainships , Territories , Districts , Counties , Sangiacks , &c. The chief Empires are six , viz. Turky , Russia , Persia , Tartary , India , and Abissina ; to these may be added three others , viz. Germany , Morocco , and Monopotapa . Kingdoms and other inferior Provinces shall be more particularly treated of afterwards . Countreys are mostly divided according to Princes Dominions ( but not always so ) seperated from each other , 1. Sometimes by Sea , as Germany and Denmark from Sweedland . 2. Sometimes by Rivers , as Natolia from Turcomania . 3. Sometimes by Mountains , as France from Spain . 4. Sometimes by Walls as China from Tartary . And , 5. sometimes divided only according to the Towns and Forts of the Princes , as France from the Low-Countreys . I. EUROPE . EUROPE has on the North , the Frozen Ocean ; on the West , the Ducalidonian and Western Ocean ; on the South , the Mediterranian Sea ; and on the East , Asia ; from which seperated by the Archepelago , the Euxine Sea , and Palus Maeotis ; the rest is uncertain . Situated between the 7th and 100th degr . of Lon. and between the 34th and 72 degr . of Lat. being in length , from Cape St. Vincent in Portugal , to the mouth of the River Oby in Russia , about 3300 Miles ; and in breadth , from Matapan in Morea , to the North Cape in Norway , about 2200 Miles . It is the least part of the four , but far the more noble , being the most populous and civilized , adorned with many large and glorious Cities , inriched with the most necessary Commodities , and abounding with all the riches , pleasures and plenty , that the most voluptious man can hope or wish for . The Arts peculiar to Europe , and there invented , may be reckoned Painting , Printing , Statuary , and divers particulars in the Art of Navigation and War , and most especially in all learned and scholastick Sciences . The Religions may be reduced to five heads , viz. 1. The Reformed or Protestant . 2. The Roman Catholick . 3. That of the Greek Church . 4. The Mahomitan . And , 5. The Jewish . The Languages , divided into thr●● parts , viz. 1. The Tutonick , divided into English , Dutch and Danish . 2. Latin , corrupted into French , Spanish and Italian . And , 3. Sclavonian , divided into Russian , Polish and Turkish . There are several others of less note which shall be named afterwards . It is under the Government of three Emperours , viz. Turky , Russia and Germany ; Seven Kings , viz. England , France , Spain , Portugal , Denmark , Sweedland and Poland ; One Pope ; Six Dukes , besides Lorrain and those of the Empire ; Seven Commonwealths ; besides many other inferior Princes , Earls , Imperial Cities ▪ and such like . Rivers of principal note are six , viz. 1. Danew , 2. Wolga ▪ 3. Dui●a , 4. Bo●isthines , 5. Rhine , and 6. Loyre Mountains of greatest note are four , viz. 1. the Alpes , 2. Pirenean , 3. Dofrine Hills , and 4. Carpathean Mountains . Lakes of chiefest account are reckoned three , viz. 1. Ladoga , 2. Onega , and 3. Wener . Europe may be divided into twelve parts , viz. 1. Spain , 2. Portugal , 3. France , 4. Italy , 5. British Isles , 6. Low-Countrys , 7. Germany , 8. Denmark , 9. Sweedland , 10. Russia , 11. Poland , and 12. Turky in Europe . 1. Spain . THE Kingdom of Spain lies on the W. of Europe , and on the S. W. of France ; in form of a Peninsula , being incompassed on three sides with Sea. Situated between the 7th and the 22 degr . of Lon. and between the 36th and the 44th of Lat. being in length from Cape Creus in Catalonia , to Cape Finestro in Gallicia 630 miles ; and in breadth from Gibralter in Andaluzia , to Cape Pennas in Asturia 480 miles . Together with Portugal , it made up the Roman Diocess of Spain , sometimes called Iberia and Hesperia , and afterwards Mus Arabia , and now Spain ; by the Natives , La Espanna ; by the French , L'Espagne ; by the Italians , La Spagna ; by the Polanders , Hispanska ; by the Germans , Spanien ; and by the Dutch , Spangien . It was first conquered by the Carthaginians , then by the Romans , then by the Vandals , immediately after by the Goths , after that by the Saracens and Moors , and divided into several Kingdoms , till Anno 147 B. Ferdinand drove out the Moor● and erected a Monarchy , which still continues . So that the present Government is under its own King , who has many Dominions and more Titles , particularly that of the Catholick King. His Royal Seat is Madrid . The Inhabitants descend from the Goths , Moors , Iews , and old Spaniards , all Roman Catholicks . Their Language , the vulgar Spanish or Castilian ; a manly Tongue , composed of French , Latine , Gothish , Arabick and old Spanish . In Biscay they speak the old Cantabrian , and the Arabick in some of the Mountains in Granada . Their chief Commodities are Sacks , Sugars , Oyl , Metals , Rice , Silk , Orenges , Raisins , Wool , Cork , Rosin and Lamb-skins . It contains 14 Provinces , which are as following . 1. Kingdom of Gallicia , but part of the old Gallicia , the most N. W. Province 170 m. l. and 140 br . ch . T. Compostella , Mondonedo , Coranna and Lugo . 2. Province of Asturia , part of the old Gallicia ; on the E. of Gallicia , 135 m. l. and 60 br . divided into two parts , viz. 1. Asturia de Oviedo , ch . T. Oviedo ; and 2. Asturia de Santillina , ch . T. Santillina . Oviedo is ch . T. of both . 3. Province of Biscay , and Cantabria , part of the old Tarraconensis ; on the E. of Asturia 120 m. l. and 74 br . divided into three parts , viz. 1. Ipusco or Guipuscoa , ch . T. Placentia ; 2. Biscay , ch . T. Bilbo ; and 3. Alava , ch . T. Salvatierra . Bilbo is ch . T. of the whole . 4. Kingdom of Navarr , part of old Tarraconensis , on the S. E. of Biscay ; 96 m. l. & 88 br . ch . T. are Pampalune , Estella , Olita , and Tudela . 5. Kingdom of Aragon , part of Tarraconensis and Carthagenensis ; on the S. E. of Navarr . 180 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. are Saragossa , Iacca , Balbastro and Huesca . 6. Principality of Catalonia , part of old Tarraconensis , on the E. of Aragon ; 180 m. l. & 130 br . ch . T. are Barcelona , Taragon , and Tortosa . In this is the Country of Rousillon , under the French ; ch . T. Peripignan . 7. Kingdom of Valencia , part of old Carthagenensis ; on the S. W. of Catalonia ; 178 m. l. and 70 br . ch . T. are Valencia , Alicant , Segorbe , and Origrella . 8. Kingdom of Murcia , part of old Carthagenensis ; on the S. W. of Valencia ; 96 m. l. & 70 br . ch . T. are Murcia , Cartegena , and Lorca . 9. New Castile , part of old Carthagenensis with a little of Lusitania ; on the N. W. of Murcia 230 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. are Madrid , Toledo , Alcala de Henares , Cuenca and Cividad Real . 10. Old Castile , part of old Gallicia and Carthagenensis ; on the N. of new Castile ; 190 m. l. & 145 br . ch . T. are Burgos , Valadolid , and Segovia . In this lies the Province of Rioja ; ch . T. Logronno . 11. Kingdom of Leon , part of old Gallicia and Lusitania ; on the W. of old Castile ; 165 m. l. & 110 br . ch . T. are Leon , Salamanca , Toro , and Astorga . 12. Extremadura part of old Lusitania and Betica ; on the S. of Leon ; 194 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. are Placentia , Alcantra , Merida , and Coria . This Pr. by some is made in Leon , and by others in Castile . 13. Kingdom of Andalusia , or Vandalitia , part of old Betica , with some of Carthagenensis ; on the S. of Extremadura and new Castile ; 286 m l. 140 br . ch . T. Sevil , Cadis , Cordova , and Iaen . 14. Kingdom of Granada , part of old Betica ; on the S. E. of Andalusia ; 220 m. l. & 70 br . ch . T. are Granada , Guadix , and Malaga . The Spanish Isles lie in the Mediterranian , on the S. of Catalonia ; they are 1. Majorca , 2. Minorca , ( these were the old Baleures ) and 3. Yvica . Ch. T. are the same again . Rivers of chiefest note are five , viz. 1. Tego ▪ 2. Ebro , 3. Douro , 4. Guadiana , and 5. Guadalquiver . Principal Mountains ( besides the Pirenean Hills ) are , 1. Siera Morina , and 2. Nevada . Archbishopricks 8 , Bishopricks 45 , Universities 16. 2. Portugal . THE Kingdom of Portugal , properly a part of Spain , lying on the W. of Leon , Extremadura , and Andalusia ; and on the S. of Gallicia . Situated between the 7th and 11th degr . and 10 min. of Lon. and between the 36 & 50 min. and the 46 & 20 min. of Lat. being in length from North to South 360 Miles , and in breadth from East to West 136 Miles . It contains a great part of the old Lusitania , with part of old Gallicia and Betica . It is by our modern Linguists falsly called Lusitania . It was first conquered by the Romans , and run the same fortune with the rest of Spain , till Anno 1139. it had its own Kings , who were afterwards tributary to Spain , till Anno 1640. it revolted , and still remains independent under its own Kings , who has also considerable Dominions in Asia , Africa and America . His Royal Seat is Lisbon . The Inhabitants , as well as those of Spain , are all Roman Catholicks . Their Language is the vulgar Spanish , but has somewhat more of the French than that . Their chief Commodities are Honey , Allom , Fish , Wine , Oyl , Fruits , white Marble and Salt. It contains six Provinces , which are as following . 1. Entre minho douro , part of the old Gallicia ; the most N. Province ; 75 m. l. & 54 br . ch . T. are Braga , Porto and Barcelos . 2. Tralos montes , part of old Gallicia and Lusitania ; on the E. of Entre minho douro ; 120 m. l. & 100 br . ch . T. are Miranda , Bragenza and Villa Real . 3. Beira , part of old Lusitania , on the S. of Trolos Montes , and Entre minho douro ; 130 m. l. & 95 br . ch . T. are Coimbra , Viseu and Lamego . 4. Estremadura , part of old Lusitania ; on the S. W. of Beira ; 140 m. l. & 80 br . ch . T. are Lisbon , Leiria and Alangver . 5. Alentejo , or Entre tejo guadiana , part of old Lusitania and Betica ; on the S. E. of Estremadura ; 165 m. l. & 98. br . ch . T. are Evowra , Elvas and Beja . 6. Kingdom of Algarve , part of old Lusitania ; on the S. of Alentejo ; 86 m. l. & 35 br . since united to Portugal ; ch . T. are Faro , Lagos and Silves . Rivers of chiefest note are three , viz. 1. Tego , 2. Douro , and 3. Guadiana . I find no Mountains . Archbishopricks 3 , Bishopricks 10 , Universities 2. 3. France . THE Kingdom of France is a famous Country , lying on the N. E. of Spain , and W. of Germany , and part of Italy , almost in form of a Square . Situated between the 13th and the 27th and 10 min. of Lon. and between the 42 and 15 min. and the 51 and 6 min. of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Bretagne to the E. parts of Provence 650 miles ; and the breadth from the borders of Biscay in Spain , to the N. E. parts of Lorrain 550 miles . It contains the greatest part of the old Gaul , ( by some Galatia , and Celto Galatia ) now called by the Italians , Franza ; by the Portuguez , Franzam ; by the Germans , Franckreich ; by the Dutch , Vrancryck ; and by the Polanders , Francukazemia . It was first conquered by the Romans , afterwards by the Francks , Goths , and Burgun●ians ; the chief were the Francks , who erected a Monarchy , which has continued in the succession of Kings of three several Races , which by little and little has made themselves as great as any in Christendom . So that it is now under its own King , who has the Title of Most Christian King. His Royal Seat is Paris . The Inhabitants are for the most part Roman Catholicks ; the rest are Protestants . Their Language is the vulgar French ; a very soft Language , composed of old Gallick , German , and Latine . In some parts of Bretagne they use the old British or Welch . The chief Commodities are Salt , Fish , Corn , Wines , Almonds , Coral , Canvas , Oade , Linnen , Paper , Wood , and Skins . It contains twelve Governments , besides the Conquests . They are as following . 1. Government of Picardy , part of old Belgica secunda , the most N. Province ; 130 m. l. & 36 br . divided into , 1. Higher Picardy , containing four Counties ; ch . T. are Amiens , and St. Quinten ; and , 2. Lower Picardy , containing four Counties ; ch . T. are Abbeville , Calais , and Boulogne ; Amiens is ch . T. of both . 2. Government of Champagne , part of Belgica 2 , and Lugdunensis 1 , & 4 ; on the S. E. of Picardy , 160 m. l. & 130 br . ch . T. are Reims , Troyes , Chalon and Sens. To this is joyned the D. of Barrois , sometimes part of Lorrain ; ch . T. Barleduc . 3. Government of the Isle of France , part of Belgica Secunda and Lugdunensis 4. on the W. of Champagne 160 m. l. & 115 br . ch . T. is Paris . In this are included , 1. D. of Valois ; ch . T. Senlis . 2. Pro. of Gastenois ; ch . T. Montargis : And , 3. Pro. of Brie ; ch . T. Meaux . 4. Government and Dukedom of Normandy an . Nestria , and Lugdunensis secunda ; on the W. of the Isle of France , and S. W. of Picardy ; 175 m. l. & 80 br . divided into the Higher and Lower , and those again into twelve Counties . Ch. T. are Roven , Caen , Alencon and Coutance . 5. Government and Dukedom of Bretagne an . Armorica , part of Lugdunensis tertia ; on the S. W. of Normandy , being the most W. part of all France ; 180 m. l. & 110 br . divided into Counties . Ch. T. are Rennes , Nants , Brest and Blavet . 6. Government of Orleanois , part old Lug. 3 & 4 , and Aquitain ; on the E. of Bretagne ; 210 m. l. & 200 br . It contains 13 Provinces : viz. 1. Earl. of Main ; ch . T. Mans. 2. Earl. of Perch ; ch . T. Nogen . 3. Beauce ; ch . T. Chartres . 4. D. of Orleanois ; ch . T. Orleans . 5. D. of Nivernois ; ch . T. Nevers . 6. D. of Berry ; ch . T. Bourges ▪ 7. Blaisois ; ch . T. Blois . 8. D. of Vendosmois ; ch . T. Vendosme . 9. D. of Tourain ; ch . T. Tours . 10. D. of Anjou ; ch . T. Anger 's . 11. Earl of Poictu ; ch . T. Poictiers . 12. D. of Angoumois ; ch . T. Angoumois : And , 13. Aunis ; ch . T. Rochelle . Orleans is ch . T. of the whole . 7. Government of Burgundy , part of old Lugdunensis prima ; on the E. of Orleanois ; 180 m. l. & 130 br . It contains four Parts ; viz. 1. D. of Burgundy , the greatest part ; ch . T. Dyon and Autun . 2. Bress ; ch . T. Bourg . 3. Challonois ; ch . T. Challon . And , 4. Dombres ; ch . T. Trevoux . Dyon is ch . T. of the whole . 8. Government of Lionois , part of old Aquitain and Lugdunensis prima ; on the S. W. of Burgundy ; 208 m. l. & 138 br . It contains seven Provinces , viz. D. of La Marche ; ch . T. Gueret . 2. D. of Bourbon ; ch . T. Moulins and Bourbon . 3. Low Auvergne ; ch . T. Clermont . 4. High Auvergne ; ch . T. St. Flour . 5. Forest ; ch . T. Roanne . 6. Bar. of Beau●alvis ; ch . T. Beaujeu : And , 7. Leonois ch . T. Lions , the chief of the whole . 9. Government of Guienne and Gascony , the greatest part of old Aquitain with a little of Narbonensis ; on the S. W. of Lionois ; 270 m. l. & 230 br . First , Guienne contains nine Provinces , viz. 1. Earl. of Saintogne ; ch . T. Saintes . 2. Perigort ; ch . T. Perigeux . 3. Limosin ; ch . T. Limoges . 4. Quercy ; ch . T. Cahors . 5. Rovergue ; ch . T. Rhodes . 6. Agenois ; ch T. Agen. 7. Bazadois ; ch . T. Bazas . 8. Guienne ; ch . T. Bourdeaux : And , 9. Condonois ; ch . T. Condom . Secondly , Gascony contains twelve Provinces , viz. 1. Les Landes ; ch . T. Dax . 2. D. of Albert ; ch . T. Albert . 3. Gascony ; ch . T. Aire . 4. Armanack ; ch . T. Aux . 5. Gavre ; ch . T. Verdun . 6. Cominges ; ch . T. Lombes . 7. Conserans ; ch . T. Bertrant . 8. Prin. of Bearn ; ch . T. Pan. 9. Bigorre ; ch . T. Tarbe . 10. Soule ; ch . T. Mauleon . 11. Base Navarr ; ch . T. St. Palais . And , 12. La Bour ; ch . T. Bayonne . Bourdeaux is ch . T. of the whole . 10. Government of Languedoc , part of old Narbonensis with a little of Aquitain ; on the E. of Guienne and Gascony ; 238 m. l. & 148 br . It contains three Provinces , viz. 1. Higher Languedoc ; ch . T. Thoulousse : in this are included two others , viz. Albigois , ch . T. Alby ; and the Earl of Foix , ch . T. Foix. 2. Lower , Languedoc ; ch . T. Mompelier and Nismes : And 3. Serennes , which contains three Provinces , viz. Givandan , ch . T. Mende ; Velay , ch . T. La Puy ; and Viviers , ch . T. Viviers . The ch . T. of the whole is Thoulousse . 11. Government of Dauphine , part of old Narbonensis , afterwards part of Vianensis prima ; on the E. of Languedoc ; 150 m. l. & 110 br . divided into , 1. Higher Dauphine ; ch . T. Ambrun and Pignerol : And , 2. Lower Dauphine ; ch . T. Grenoble and Vienna . Grenoble is chief of both . 12. Government of Provence , part of old Narbonensis , afterwards part of Vianensis tertia and prima ; on the S. of Dauphine , 160 m. l. and 98 br . ch . T. are Aix , Arles , Marselles , and Toulon . Here is also the County of Venascin , ( under the Pope ) ch . T. Avignon ; in which lies the Prin. of Orenge ; ch . T. Orenge , by right belonging to our King. 13. To these are added two others , viz. the Dukedom of Lorrain , part of old Belgica prima , now under the French. It lies on the E. of Champagne , 128 m. l. & 98 br . divided into three Baliwicks , viz. Nancy , Vandrevauge , and Vauge ; ch . T. are Nancy , Me●z , Toul , and Verdun . Here is also the Prin. of Salm ; ch . T. Salm. 14. Franche Comte , or the County of Burgundy , part of old Lugdunensis quinta , formerly under Spain . It lies on the S. of Lorrain , 135 m. l. & 84 br . divided into three Counties , viz. Amoul , Dole , and Aval ; ch . T. Besanson , Dole , and Salms . Here is also the County of Mombeliart ; ch . T. Mombeliart . This and the D. of Burgundy make up one of the 10 Circles of Germany . The Conquests in the Low Countrys and Alsatia shall be treated of afterwards . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Loyre , 2. Seyne , 3. Garond , and 4. Rhosne . Chief Mountains ( besides the Pirenean hills ) are those called Sevennes in Languedoc . Archbishopricks 18. Bishopricks 106. Universities 20. 4. Italy . ITtaly , one of the most famous Countrys in Europe , lies on the S. E. of France , and S. of Germany , incompassed on three sides with Sea. Situated between the 25th and the 40th , and 40 min. of Lon. and between the 37th and 36 min. and the 46th and 10 min. of Lat. It is almost in form of a mans leg , being in length from Geneva to Otranto 760 miles ; in breadth from Nizza to Trieste 380 , from Ancona to Civita Vechia 134 , and from Policastro to Barletta but 75 miles . In this extent were comprehended the old Diocess of Rome , the greatest part of that of Italy , and part of Gaul . It was anciently called Ausonia , Latium , Hesperia , Saturnia , and Oenotria ; now , by the Germans , Welschlandt ; by the Danes , Valland ; by the Turks , Talia ; by the Poles , Wolskazemia ; and by the Sclavonians , Vloska . It anciently had several Governments , till conquered by the Romans , who had their Emperours till conquered by the Goths , and soon after by the Longobards , and after that by the French and Germans , till the Imperial Power failing , it was reduced to several petty Governments ; so that it is at present ruled by the King of Spain , the Pope , five Dukes of the greater sort , four of the less , three Common-wealths , with some other small Governments . The chief City is Rome . The Inhabitants are Roman Catholicks , with some few Protestants in the N. W. parts . Their Language , the vulgar Italian , very courtly and fluent , composed of Latine and old Italian , with some Lombardian in the North , some Gothish in the middle , and a little Greek in the S. East ; but in Savoy they speak the French. Their chief Commodities are Corn , Wine , Oyl , Fruits , Rice , Silks , Velvits , Taffaties , Grograms , Sattins , Fustians , Allom and Glasses . It contains 12 Provinces , besides the Isles , which are as following . 1. Dukedom of Savoy , part of old Gallia Norbonensis ; the most N. W. Province bordering on France , 90 m. l. & 60. br . it contains seven parts , viz. 1. The Commonwealth of Geneva , ( free ) ch . T. Geneva . 2. County of Geneva ; ch . T. Annecy . 3. Proper Savoy ; ch . T. Chambery . 4. Morienne ; ch . T. St. Iean . 5. Tarentess ; ch . T. Moustiers . 6. Fossigny ; ch . T. Cluse : And , 7. D. of Chablais ; ch . T. Thonon . Chambery is ch . T. of the whole . It is under its own independent Dukes , except the State of Geneva . 2. Principality of Piedmont , part of old Narbonensis , with a little of Liguria ; on the S. E. of Savoy , 140 m. l. & 104 br . It contains nine Provinces , viz. 1. D. of Aoust ; ch . T. Aoust . 2. Signeuri of Vercelli ; ch . T. Vercels . In this is the Prin. of Masserino ( under its own Princes ) ch . T. Masserino . 3. Mar. of Susa ; ch . T. Susa ( under the French ) . 4. Prendi ; ch . T. Turin . 5. Mar. of Iurea ; ch . T. Iurea . 6. Proper Piedmont ; ch . T. Conio . 7. Asti ; ch . T. Asti. 8. Mar. of Saluzzo ; ch . T. Saluzzo . 9. Nizza ; ch . T. Nizza . Turin is ch . T. of the whole . It is under Savoy , except Masserino and Susa. 3. Dukedom of Montferret , that part of old Liguria that was called Cisapennina ; on the E. of Piedmont , 65 m. l. & 45. br . it comprehends the Ter ▪ of Laughe , and is partly under the Duke of Savoy , and partly under the Duke of Mantua ; ch . T. under Mantua , are Casale and Acqui ; ch . T. under Savoy , are Alba and Trino . Casale is chief of all . 4. The State of Genoa , part of old Liguria , an independent Commonwealth , on the S. of Montferret and E. of Piedmont , 155 m. l. & 30 br . ch T. are Genoa , Savona , Albenga and Noli . In the bounds of this Province lies , 1. The Prin. of Onegla , ch . T. Onegla ( under Savoy ) . 2. Mar. of Finale , ( under Spain ) ch . T. Finale . 3. Town and Mar. of Torreglia , under its own Prince : And , 4. Prince of Monaco , under France . 5. Dukedom of Milan , the greatest part of old Gallia Transpadana , with some of Liguria ; on the N. of Genoa , and E. of Montferret and Piedmont , 155 m. l. & 115 br . It contains eight parts , viz. 1. Milaness , ch . T. Milan . 2. Novare , ch . T. Novara . 3. Lanmellina , ch . T. Lanmellina . 4. Alessandrino , ch . T. Alessandria . 5. Tortonese , ch . T. Tortona . 6. Pavese , ch . T. Pavia . 7. Lodigiano , ch . T. Lodi : And , 8. Cremonese , ch . T. Cremona . It is now under the King of Spain . 6. Dukedom of Parma , part of the old Gallia Cispadana , on the S. E. of Milan , and N. E. of Genoa , 60 m. l. & 55 br . It is divided into three parts , viz. 1. D. of Parma it self , ch . T. Parma . 2. D. of Piecenza , ch . T. Piecenza : And , 3. Ter. of Busetto , ch . T. Busetto . All under the D. of Parma . 7. Dukedom of Modena , part of old Gallia Cispadana ; on the E. of Parma , 84 m. l. & 46 br . ch . T. are Modena and Regio . In the bounds of this Dukedom are four other small Provinces , viz. 1. Ter. of Carpi , ch . T. Carpi . 2. Ter. of Corregio , ch . T. Corregio . These two are under the Duke of Modena . 3. D. of Mirandula , ch . T. Mirandula . And , 4. Prin. of Novellara , ch . T. Novellara . These two are under their own Princes . 8. Dukedom of Mantua , part of the old Cenomani ; on the N. of Modena , 68 m. l. & 38 br . ch . T. Mantua . In the bounds of this Dukedom are four other Soveraignties , ( besides the Prin. of Bozolo , under the D. of Mantua , ) viz. 1. D. of Sabionetta , ch . T. Sabionetta . 2. D. of Guastilla , ch . T. Guastilla . 3. Prin. of Castiglione , ch . T. Castillon : And 4. Prin. of Solfare . These are under their several Princes . 9. Commonwealth of Venice , on the N. E. of Mantua , 260 m. l. & 114 br . It contains the old Venetia , Carnia , Istria , and part of Cenomani ; now divided into 14 Provinces , viz. 1. B●rgamasco , ch . T. Bergamo . 2. Cremense , ch . T. Crema . 3. Bressciano , ch . T. Bresscia . 4. Veronez , ch . T. Verona . 5. Vicentino , ch . T. Vicenza . 6. Paduano , ch . T. Padua . 7. Rovigino , ch . T. Rovigo . 8. Dogato , ch . T. Venice . 9. Marca Trevigiano , ch . T. Trevigio . 10. Feltrino , ch . T. Feltri . 11. Belluness , ch . T. Belluno . 12. Cadorino , ch . T. Cadore . 13. Friuli , ch . T. Vdine : And , 14. Istria , ch . T. Cabo d' Istria . These nine Provinces commonly go under the general name of Lumbardy . 10. The State of the Church or the Popedom under the Pope , on the S. of Venice , 260 m. l. & 130 br . It contains the old Pro. of Vmbria , Picenum , Sabina , greatest part of Latium , with part of Gal. Cispadana and Hetruria , now divided into 12 Provinces , viz. 1. D. of Ferrara , ch . T. Ferrara . 2. Bologness , ch . T. Bologna . 3. Romagna , ch . T. Ravenna . In this is the Town and Soveraign Mar. of Meldola . 4. D. of Vrbine , ch . T. Vrbine . In this are the County of Citta de Castello ; Ter. of Fano ; and the Commonwealth of St. Marino , ( independent ) ch . T. are the same . 5. Mar. of Ancona , ch . T. Ancona . 6. D. of Spoletto or Vmbria , ch . T. Spoletto . 7. Perugiano , ch . T. Perugia . 8. Orviatano , ch . T. Orvieto . 9. D. of Castro , ( under the D. of Parma ) ch . T. Castro . 10. St. Peter's Patrimony ; ch . T. Viterbo . In this are the D. of Braciano ( under its own D. ) County of Roncigliano ; and that of Citta de Castillana , ch . T. are the same . 11. Sabina , ch . T. Magliano . 12. Campagna di Roma , ch . T. Rome . 11. Great Dukedom of Tuscany , but a part of the old Tuscia or Hetruria ; on the S. W. of the Popedom , 170 m. l. & 120 br . It contains , 1. The Dukedom of Florence , ch . T. Florence . 2. Ter. of Sienna , ch . T. Sienna . 3. Ter of Pisa , ch T. Pisa and Leghorn . These are under the Duke of Tuscany . 4. Common-wealth of Luca , ( independent ) ch . T. Luca. 5. The State of Presidii , ( under Spain ) ch . T. Orbitello . 6. Duke of Carrara and Massa ( under its own Duke ) . 7. Prin. of Piombino , ch . T. Piombino : Its Prince is under the protection of Spain . Florence is ch . T. of the whole . 12. Kingdom of Naples , on the S. E. of the Popedom , 340 m. l. & 120 br . It contains the old Pro. of Samnum , Campania , Apulia , Messapia , Lucania , Brutium , with a little of Latium ; now divided into twelve Provinces , viz. 1. Abruzzo the further , ch . T. Aquila . 2. Abruzzo the nigher , ch . T. Lanciano and Civita di Chie . 3. Molissa , ch . T. Molise . 4. Terra di Lavoro , ch . T. Naples , and Capua . 5. Further Principate , ch . T. Benevento . 6. Nigher Principate , ch . T. Salerno . 7. Basilicate , ch . T. Cirenza . 8. Capitinate , or Puglia , ch . T. Manfredonia . 9. Terra di Bari , ch . T. Bari . 10. Terra di Otranto , ch . T. Otranto . 11. Calabria the Nigher , ch . T. Cosenze , and Rossano . 12. Calabria the Further , ch . T. Regio and St. Severino . It is under the K. of Spain . The Italian Isles are chiefly three ; which are , 1. Kingdom of Sicily , on the S. W. of Naples , 200 m. l. & 148 br . under the K. of Spain . Divided into three Provinces , viz. 1. Val di Demona , ch . T. Messina and Catana . 2. Val di Noto , ch . T. Siracossa and Noto : And , 3. Val di Mazera , ch . T. Palermo and Montreal . Palermo is ch . of all . 2. Kingdom of Sardinia an . Ichusua and Sandaliotes , on the N. W. of Sicily , 160 m. l. 94 br . ch . T. are Cagliari , Crestagni and Sassari . It is under the K. of Spain . 3. Island of Corsica , under the Common-wealth of Genoa , on the N. of Sardinia , 115 m. l. & 55 br . ch . T. are Bastia , Corte , St. Florence , and Boniface . Rivers of chiefest note are four , viz. 1. Po , 2. Adige , 3. Tiber , and 4. Arno. Mountains of greatest note , are the Alps and Apennine . Chief Lakes are eight , viz. 1. Garda , 2. Como , 3. Magjore , 4. Iseo , 5. Lugato , 6. Perugia , 7. Celano , and 8. Bolseno . Patriarchs three , viz. Rome , Venice , and Aquileja . Archbishopricks 78 , Bishopricks 278 , Universities 17. 5. British Isles . THE British Isles , or the English Dominions lie in the Western Ocean , on the N. of France , and W. of Denmark and the Low Countries . Situated between the 8th and the 20th , & 55 min. of Lon. and between the 50 and 59th degr . of Lat. Under this Name are comprehended , 1. England , 2. Wales , 3. Scotland , and 4. Ireland . 1. England . The Kingdom of England lies on the S. of Scotland , in a triangular form , incompassed on three sides with the Sea. In length from N. to S. about 325 miles , in breadth from E. to W. about 300 miles , containing about 30 millions of Acres . It contains the greatest part of the ancient Albion and Britain , sometimes called Lhoegria : now called by the French , Angleterre ; by the Italians , Inghilterra ; by the Spaniards , Inglaterra ; and by the Germans , Engellandt . It was first conquered by the Romans ; after that it had its own Kings ; next by the Saxons , dividing it into seven Kingdoms , but afterwards united again ; then by the Danes , again by the Saxons ; at last by the Normans , who erected that Monarchy which still continues : so it is now wholly under its own King , who has the Title of Defender of the Faith. His Royal Seat is at London . The Inhabitants are of the Reformed Religion , here taught in its purity ; some few are Papists . Their Language a branch of the Tutonick , chiefly compounded of Dutch , Latine , and French ; in some parts of Cornwal they use a sort of Welch . Their chief Commodities are Corn , Cattel , Metals , Timber , Coals , abundance of Wool , Cloth , Stuffs , Linnen , Hides , Tallow , Butter , Cheese , Beer , &c. For the better methods sake , I shall divide it into the six Circuits of the Judges . 1. The Northern Circuit , the Seat of the old Brigantes and Otalini , afterwards the K. of Northumberland . Now containing six Counties , viz. Northumberland , Durham , York , Cumberland , Westmorland , and Lancashire ; ch . T. are York , Durham and New-castle . 2. Midland Circuit , the Seat of the old Corotani , and a few of the Cornavii , afterwards part of the K. of Mercia . It lies on the S. of the N. Circuit , containing seven Counties , viz. Lincoln , Rutland , Northampton , Nottingham , Darby , Leicester , and Warwick ; ch . T. are , Lincoln , Peterborough , and Nottingham . 3. Oxford Circuit , the Seat of the old Duboni , Atrebati , greatest part of the Cornavii , with some of the Silures , afterwards part of the K. of Mercia , and a little of the K. of W. Saxons . It contains eight Counties , viz. Oxford , Berks , Gloucester , Monmouth , Hereford , Salop , and Stafford ; to these we may joyn ( for methods sake ) the County Palatine of Chester : ch . T. are Oxford , Chester , and Gloucester . 4. Norfolk Circuit , the Seat of the old Iceni with some of the Catvellani , afterwards the K. of East Angles with a part of Mercia . It lies on the E. of Oxford Circuit , containing six Counties , viz. Norfolk , Suffolk , Cambridge , Huntington , Bedford , and Buckingham : ch . T. are Norwich , Ipswich , and Cambridge . 5. Home Circuit , the Seat of the old Trinobant●s , Regni , Cantii , with a few of the Catvellani , afterwards the K. of E. Saxons , S. Saxons , and Kent . It lies on the S. of Norfolk Circuit , containing five Counties , viz. Surry , Sussex , Kent , Essex , and Hertford-shire , to which we may joyn Middlesex : ch . T. are London , Canterbury , and Colchester . 6. Western Circuit , the Seat of the old Dummonii , Belg●e , and Durotriges , afterwards the greatest part of the K. of W. Saxons . It lies on the W. of Home Circuit , containing six Counties , viz. Southampton , Wilts , Dorset , Somerset , Devon , and Cornwal : ch . Towns are Bristol , Exeter , and Salusbury . Chief Rivers are three , viz. 1. Thames , 2. Severn , and 3. Trent . Mountains of greatest note , are Ingleborough , Pendle , and Pennegent . Archbishopricks 2 , Bishopricks 22 , Universities 2. 2. Wales . The Principality of Wales , lies on the West of England , sometimes reckoned a part thereof ; seperated from it by the River Dee , and a line drawn to the River Wie . In length from N. to S. about 124 miles , and in breadth from E. to W. about 100 miles . It contains the greatest part of the Roman Britannia Secunda , sometimes called Cambria , and at this day by the French called Galles . It was first conquered by the Romans , and afterwards had a King of its own , and sometimes two together ; till at last the Kings of England by little and little reduced them : so that it is at present under the Kings of England , whose eldest Son has the Title of Prince of Wales . The Inhabitants are most Protestants ; their Language very harsh , being the same with the old British , but the English Tongue is used also in many places . Their chief Commodities are Wool , Metals , Coals , Cottons , Bays , Cloth , &c. Divided into two parts , viz. 1. North Wales , the Seat of the old Ordovices , afterwards the K. of Guinedth and part of Powisland . It contains six Counties , viz. Flint , Denbigh , Isle of Anglesey , Carnarvan , Merioneth , and Montgomery : ch . T. are St. Asaph , Montgomery , and Denbigh . 2. South Wales , the Seat of the old Dimetae and part of Silures , afterwards the K. of Debenbarch and part of Powisland . It contains six Counties , viz. Cardigan , Radnor , Pembrook , Carmarthen , Brecknock , and Glamorgan : ch . T. are Pembrook , St. Davids , and Llandaff . Principal Rivers are those called , 1. Wie , and 2. d ee . Chief Mountains are , 1. Snowdon , and 2. Plinlimmon . 3. Scotland . The Kingdom of Scotland lies on the N. of England , from which seperated by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheriot-hills ; in length from Dungisby-head to the S. parts of Galway 250 miles ; in breadth from Aberdeen to the Isle of Mule 150 miles . It was anciently called Calidonia , and sometimes Albania ; now by the French , l' Escosse ; by the Germans , Schottlandt . It was for many Ages governed by its own Kings , till Anno 1602. it was to our great content united to England , and still remains under that King ; but some of the Northern parts are almost free : ch . T. is Edenburgh , the Seat of the former Kings . The Inhabitants are mostly Protestants , inclining to Presbytery . Their Language in the South parts is a corrupt English , and on the North and West a Dialect of the Irish. Their chief Commodities are Cattel , Cows , Cloths , Friezes , Fish , Tallow , Hides , Lead-Oar . It is divided into two parts , which are , 1. Highland , or North Scotland . the Seat of the old Scots , 170 m. l. & 138 br . It contains thirteen Counties , viz. Loquebrea , Braid albin , Perth , Athol , Anguis , Mern , Mar , Buquhan , Murrey , Ross , Sutherland , Cathannes , and Strathnavern : ch . T. are Aberdeen , Perth , and Dundee . 2. Lowland , or South Scotland , the Seat of the old Picts , 156 m. l. & 110 br . It contains twenty one Counties , viz. Tiffedale , Merch , Landien , Liddisdale , Eskadale , Annandale , Niddisdale , Galloway , Carrick , Kile , Cunhingham , Arran , Clivesdale , Lennox , Sterlin , Fife , Strathern , Menteith , Argile , Cantire , and Lorn : ch . T. are Edenburgh , Glasco , and St. Andrews . Principal Rivers are two , viz. 1. Tay , and 2. Spey . Chief Mountains are , 1. Cheriot Hills , and 2. those of Albany . Archbishopricks 2 , Bishopricks 12 , Universities 4. 4. Ireland . The Kingdom of Ireland , an Island lying on the West of England and Wales ; being in length from N. to South about 270 miles , and in breadth from E. to W. about 160 miles . Anciently called Scotia minor , Iuverna , Hibernia , Iernia , and Bernia ; now by the Natives , Erin , and by the Welch , Yverdon , and by the English , Ireland . The People were formerly without Law or Government ; first conquered by the Norwegians , then partly by Henry the Second of England , and not long after reduced to England . So that it is at present under the Kings of England . Governed by a Vice-Roy or Deputy , whose Seat is at Dublin . The Inhabitants are both Protestants and Papists . Their Language , a Dialect of the old British , intermixed with Norwegian , Danish and English. The English is also frequently used among them . Their chief Commodities are Cattel , Hides , Tallow , Butter , Cheese , Honey , Wax , Furs , Salt , Hemp , Linnen-Cloth , Pipe-staves , Wool , Friezes , Rugs , Mantles , &c. It is divided into four Provinces , which are , 1. Vlster , containing all the Northern parts , the Seat of the old Rhobognii , Darnii , Volontii , Vemenii , and Erdini , 116 m. l. & 100 br . It contains ten Counties , viz. Dunnagal , Fermanagh , Tirone , Londonderry or Colerain , Antrim , Down , Armagh , Moneghon , Lough , and Cavan : ch . T. are Londonderry , Drogheda , and Armagh . 2. Connaught , on the S. W. of Vlster , the Seat of the old Auseri , Cangani , and Nagnatae , 130 m. l. & 84 br . It contains six Counties , viz. Letrim , Slego , Majo , Roscoman , Galloway , and Thomond or Clare : ch . T. are Galloway , Killaloe , and Athlone . 3. Leinster , on the E. of Connaught , the Seat of the old Menapii , Cauci , Blanii , and Brigantes , 112 m. l. & 70 br . It contains eleven Counties , viz. Dublin , Kildare , Kings County , Queens County , Kilkenny , Caterlaugh , Wicklo , and Wexford . The Pro. of Meath makes the other three , viz. East-Meath , West-Meath , and Longford : ch . T. are Dublin , Wexford , and Kilkenny . 4. Munster , on the S. of Leinster and Connaught , the Seat of the old Velibori , Vterni , Vodii , and Coriondi , 135 m. l. & 125 br . It contains six Counties , viz. Tipperary , Waterford , Lymrick , Kerry , Cork , and Desmond : ch . T. are Cork , Lymrick , and Waterford . Rivers of principal note are , 1. Shannon , and 2. Awiduff , or Black Water . Archbishopricks 4 , Bishopricks 19 , University 1. The lesser British Isles are , 1. Orcades , 2. Schetland , 3. the Hebraides , 4. Man , 5. Wight , &c. These are of no considerable note , so I shall pass on . 6. Low Countries . THE Low-Countries , a knot of Provinces right against England , on the N. of France , and W. of Germany . Situated between the 49th and 16 min. and the 53 and 37 min. of Lat. and between the 21st and the 26th and 28 min. of Lon. being in length from the N. parts of Groningen , to the S. parts of Luxemburg 264 miles , and in breadth from the W. parts of Artois , to the E. parts of Luxemburg 192 miles ; containing about half of the ancient Belgium , with some of old Germany . Sometimes at present called Belgium , and the Lower Germany , and also the 17 Provinces ; by the Dutch , Nederland . It was first conquered by the Romans , afterwards by the French , then divided into several Governments , till Anno 1309 , reduced to one by Philip D. of Burgundy , till Anno 1581 , some of the Provinces revolted , declaring themselves free ; and since the French have gained several conquests : So that the present Government is under the Hollanders , Spanish , French , and the B. of Liege . The ch . T. of the Vnited Provinces is Amsterdam , and that of the Spanish Provinces is Antwerp . The Inhabitants of the Spanish Provinces are mostly Papists ; in the Vnited Provinces all Religions are suffered , but most are Calvinists . Their Language is the Flemmish , or Low Dutch , a Dialect of the German . In Hainault , Artois , and French Flanders , they use the Walloon , or a corrupted French. The chief Commodities are Linnen , Scarlet , Silks , Velvits , Armours , Ropes , Cables , Butter , Cheese , prepared Buff , Ox-hides , Spanish Leather , &c. It contains 17 Provinces , which are , 1. Barony of Groningen , the most Northern Province , 45 m. l. & 30 br . containing six little parts , viz. Hunsingo , Westerquarter , Fivelingo , Goorecht , Oldeamten , and Westerwolt ; ch . T. are Groningen , Dam , and Winschoten . 2. Barony of West-Friesland , on the W. of Groningen , 36 m. l. & 32 br . containing three small parts , viz. Oostergoe , Westergoe , and Sevenwolden : ch . T. are Lewarden , and Franaker . 3. Barony of Overyssel , on the S. E. of West-Friesland , and S. of Groningen , 62 m. l. & 46 br . It contains three little parts , viz. Drente , Sallandt , and Twenthe : ch . T. are Daventer , Swoll , and Campen . 4. Earldom of Zutphen , on the S. of Overyssel , 32 m. l. & 26 br . ch . T. Zutphen and Grol . To which is united all the D. of Gelderland that is under the Hollanders , 56 m. l. & 36 br . ch . T. are Nimmegen and Arnhem . 5. Barony of Vtrecht , on the W. of Gelderland and Zutphen ; 42 m. l. & 20 br . ch . T. are Vtrecht , Amersfort , and Duerstede . 6. Earldom of Holland , on the W. of Vtrecht , 70 m. l. & 46 br . ( besides the Islands ) divided into , 1. North-Holland , ch . T. Amsterdam , Harlem , and Alcamaer ; and , 2. South-Holland , ch . T. Rotterdam , Hague , and Leiden . 7. Earldom of Zeland , on the S. of Holland ; containing seven Islands , viz. Schwoen , D●veland , Tolen , N. Beverland , S. Beverland , Wolferdicke , and Walcheran : ch . T. are Middleburg , and Flussing . These are called the Seven Vnited Provinces , one of the most considerable Commonwealths in the World ; they contain a part of old Germany , some of them being then a part of ancient Saxony . 8. Earldom of Flanders , on the S. W. of Zeland , 86 m. l. & 65 br . subject to the Spaniards , French , and Hollanders : ch . T. of the Spaniards , are Ghent and Bruges ; of the French , are Dunkirk and Lille ; of the Hollanders , are Sluys and Hulst . 9. Earldom of Artois , on the S. W. of Flanders , 70 m. l. & 65 br . wholly under the French : ch . T. are Arras and St. Omers . To this may be joyned the B. of Cambray : ch . T. Cambray , also under the French. 10. Earldom of Hainault , on the E. of Art●is , 68 m. l. & 60 br . It belongs mostly to the French. Ch. T. of the Spaniards , are Mons and Aeth ; of the French , are Valenciennes and Maubeuge . Mons is ch . T. of both . 11. Earldom of Namur , on the E. of Hainault , 34 m. l. & 30 br . ch . T. are Namur , Charlemont , and Charleroy . A little part of it is under the French. 12. Dukedom of Brabant , on the N. of Namur , 90 m. l. & 72 br . partly under the Hollanders . Ch. T. of the Spaniards , are Brussels and Lovain ; ch . T. of the Hollanders , are Breda and Boisleduc . 13. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire , a small Province in the bounds of Brabant , yet makes one of the 17 Provinces : ch . T. is Antwerp . So is also , 14. The Signeury of Mechlin , or Malines , another little Province in Brabant ; ch . T. is Mechlin . 15. Bishoprick of Liege , on the E. of Brabant , 74 m. l. & 35 br . ch . T. Liege and Maestricht ( under Holland ) . It is under its own Bish. who is Elec. of Cologn , and is part of the Westphalian Circle in Germany . 16. Dukedom of Limburg , also a part of the Westphalian Circle ; on the E. of Liege , 38 m. l. & 30 br . ch T. is Limburg . It includes the Ter. of Valkenburg ( under the Hollanders ) ch . T. Valkenburg . 17. Dukedom of Luxumburg , on the S. of Limburg , 82 m. l. & 72 br . partly under the French. Ch. T. of the Spaniards , are Luxumburg and Bastoigne ; ch . of the French , are Thionville and Monmedy . Here is also the D. of Buillon and Ter. of St. Hubert , both under the B. of Liege . These ten Provinces are called the Spanish or Catholick Provinces , tho' at present not all under Spain . The Inhabitants under Spain , are called Flemmings , and those under France , Walloons . They contain part of the old Belgica prima and secunda , with all Germania secunda . Rivers of principal note are three , viz. 1. Rhine , 2. Maes , and 3. Schold . Mountains I find not . Archbishopricks 3 , Bishopricks 18 , Universities 9. 7. Germany . THE Empire of Germany lies on the E. of the Low-Countries and France ; on the N. of Italy ; and on the W. of Poland and Turky , in form of a Square . Situated between the 25th and the 39th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 45th and 12 min. and the 54 and 50 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Pomerania , to the S. parts of Trent about 640 miles , and in breadth from the W. parts of Triers to the E. parts of Silesia about 550 miles . In these bounds are contained but a part of old Germany , with part of Gaul , Illyricum , and some of old Italy , now called by the Inhabitants , Teutschlandt , or Teitschlandt ; by the French , Almagne ; by the Spaniards , Almesia , by the Italians , la Germania , or l' Allemagnia ; by the Dutch , Duistlandt ; by the Poles , Nicmieczka ; by the Hungarians , Nemes : and by the Greeks , Elmagi . It was a good part co●quered by the Romans ; after they left it , it was divided among several Nations , till Anno 801 the French conquered it , and erected an Empire , which still continues , but a great part was soon after dismembred into many petty Governments ; so that it is now under the Government of the Emperour , the K. of Sweedland , K. of France , K. of Denmark ; six Soveraign Dukes ; three great Bishops ; one great Palatine ; one Lantgrave ; with a great many inf●rior Dukes , Earls , Bishops , as also many Imperial Cities and Hance Towns , so that there are above 300 Soveraignties in Germany . The Imperial Seat is Vienna . The Inhabitants are both Papists and Protestants , the later Lutherans and Calvinists . Their Language is the High Dutch , an original Tongue very harsh . In Bohemia they speak the Sclavonian ; the Italian in Tirol and part of Switzerland ; the French in part of Alsatia and Wallisland ; and the Cauchian ( among themselves ) in Emden . Their chief Commodities are Corn , Metals , Allom , Salt , Wine , Flesh , Linnen , Quicksilver , Saffron , Armour , and Iron-works . This Empire is divided into ten Circles , besides other Provinces in these bounds . They are , 1. Circle of the Upper Saxony , but a small part of the old Saxony , the most N. E. Province 380 m. l. & 210 br . It contains three Parts , viz. First , the D. of Pomerania , divided into , 1. Ducal ( under the D. of Brand. ) ch . T. Camin and Colberg . 2. Royal ( under the K. of Sweden . ) ch . T. Stetin and Stralsund : To these may be added the Isle and Prin. of Rugen , ch . T. Bergen ; and the Isles of Wolin and Wedom , ch . T. the same . Secondly , the Marq. of Brandenburg , divided into , 1. Alt-mark , ch . T. Stendal ; 2. Middlemark , ch . T. Berlin ; and 3. Newmark , ch . T. Lansperg . Thirdly , the States of Saxony , divided into six Parts , viz. 1. D. of Saxony ( under its own D. and Elector ) ch . T. Wittenburg . 2. Prin. of Anhalt ( under several little Princes ) ch . T. Bernburg . 3. Earl of Mansfield ( sequestred to the Elec. of Sax. ) ch . T. Mansfield . 4. Langravedom of Thuringia , ch . T. Erfurt ( under Mentz . ) Here is also another Ter. under Mentz and the D. of Hall , Weimar , Gotha , and Eisenach ; the Earl of Hoensten , Schwartzburg , Stolberg , and Beichlingen , ch . T. the same ; all under their own Princes of the House of Saxony . 5. Mar. of Misnia , ch . T. Dresden ( under the Elec. of Sax. ) In the bounds of these Pro. are the D. of Osterland or Altemburg , with the B. of Mersburg and Naumburg , under their several Princes of the House of Saxony . 6. Voitland , ch . T. Plaven , this is under the Elector of Saxony . Ch. T. of the whole Circle is Berlin . 2. Circle of the Lower Saxony , part of the old Saxony , on the W. of Upper Saxony , 240 m. l. & 220 br . It contains seven Parts , viz. 1. D. of Holstein , which shall be spoken of in Denmark . 2. D. of Mecklenburg ( subject to the two D. of Gustrow and Swerin ) ch . T. Wismar . 3. D. of Lawenburg ( belonging to Saxony ) ch . T. Lawenburg . 4. D. of Breme ( subject to the Sweeds ) ch . T. Breme ; to which is joyned the Prin. of Verdun , ch . T. Verdun . 5. D. of Lunenburg ( under its own Dukes ) ch . T. Zell and Lunenburg . 6. D. of Brunswick , divided into two branches , viz. Wolfenbuttel Brunswick ( under its own D. ) ch . T. Brunswick , and Wolfenbuttel ; and Hanover Brunswick , containing the Ter. of Calenbury , ch . T. Hanover ; D. of Grupenhagen , ch . T. Grupenhagen , with the Ter. of Gottingen and Hamelin , all subject to the Prince of Hanover . Within the bounds of this D. are the Bish. of Hildersheim ( under its own B. ) ch . T. Hildersheim ; and the Prin. of Halberstat , ( subject to the D. of Bran. ) ch . T. Halberstat . 7. D. of Magdeburg ( under the D. of Bran. ) ch . T. Magdeburg , chief of this Circle . 3. Circle of Westphalia , on the W. of Lower Saxony , a great part of it was part of the old Saxony , 220 m. l. & 156 br . Setting aside Limburg and Liege , it contains about 31 Provinces , viz. four Dukedoms . 1. Westphalia ( under the Arch. of Cologne ) ch . T. Arensberg . 2. Berg , ( subject to the D. of Bran. ch . T. Dusseldorp . 3. Cleves ( under the D. of Bran. ) ch . T. Cleves . 4. Iuliers ( subject to the D. of Newburg ) ch . T. Iuliers . One Principality . 5. Minden ( under the D. of Brandenburg ) ch . T. Minden . Three Bishopricks . 6. Munster . 7. Paderbone ( both under the B. of Munster ) 8. Osnaburg ( under the D. of Brunswick ) ch . T. of these are the same . Twenty two Counties . 9. Mark , ch . T. Ham. 10. Ravensburg ( both under Bran. ) 11. Oldenburg , under the K. of Denmark ▪ 12. Piremont , under the B. of Munster . 13. Schwaenburg , under the Count of Lippe . 14. Hoya , under Lunenburg and Hassia . 15. Diepholt , under Lunenburg . 16. Ritburg , under Munster . 17. Linge , under the Prince of Orange . 18. Emden , partly under the Hollanders . 19. Lippe . 20. Bentheim . 21. Borchstenfort . 22. Rheda . 23. Tecklenburg . 24. Vlots . 25. Suga . 26. Virnenberg . 27. Mandoscheid . 28. Wied and Runckel . 29. Branckhorst or Gronsfeld . And 30. Dilleborg , these twelve are under their own Counts , ch . T. the same . 31. Abbacy of Corbey , ch . T. Corbey , under its own Abbots . Ch. T. of this Circle is Munster . 4. Circle of the Upper Rhine , on the S. of Westphalia , containing some part of Old Belgium and Franconia ; now may be divided into five Parts , viz. 1. The Lantgravedom of Hassia ( under its own Prince ) ch . T. Cassel . In the bounds of this lies the County of Waldick , ch . T. Waldick ; and the Abbacy of Fuld , ch . T. Fuld , both under their own Princes . 2. The Confederation of Weteraw , which are Weteraw , ch . T. Dillenburg ; Nassaw , ( under the Prince of Orange ) ch . T. Nassaw ; Solms , Hanaw , Eysenberg , Sayn , Witgenstein , &c. ch . T. the same ; all under their own Counts . 3. County of Erpach , by some put in Franconia , ( under its own Count ) ch . T. Erpach , adjoyning to this is the Lan. of Darmstat or Gerewar , ch . T. Darmstat ; its Prince is of the Family of Hassia . 4. Bish. of Spires , in the bounds of the Palatinate , but of this Circle , ( under its own B ) ch . T. Spires ( free ) . 5. Lan. of Alsatia , ( under the French ) divided into three parts , viz. Lower Alsatia , ch . T. Strasburg ; Higher Alsatia , ch . T. Colmar ; and Suntgow , ch . T. Mulhausen . Strasburg is ch . T. of this Circle . 5. Circle of the Lower Rhine , divides the Upper Rhine into two parts , being 180 m. l. & 145 br . It contains part of old Belgium , and some of Franconia . Now divided into four parts , viz. 1. Arch. of Cologne , ch . T. Cologn , and Bonn. In the bounds of this lies the County of Meurs ( under the Prince of Orange ) ch . T. Meurs . 2. Arch. of Triers , ch . T. Triers and Coblentz . 3. Arch. of Mentz , ch . T. Mentz . In the bounds of this lies the Ter. of Francford , usually set in Franconia , ch . T. Francford ( free ) . 4. Palatinate of the Rhine , divided into thirteen Baliwicks , ch . T. Hidelberg . In the bounds of this lies the Bish. of Worms , ( under its own B ) ch . T. Worms ( free ) . To these we may add the D. Zweybruken , or Deux Points ( under the French ) ch . T. Zweybruck . These four Provinces are all under their own Princes , who are Electors ; but the French have still some of the Western parts . Cologne is ch . T. of the Circle . 6. As for the Circle of Burgandy , which lies next , has been already spoken on in France , and now has no Votes in the Diets , therefore I shall pass on to the next . 7. Circle of Suabia , or Schwaben , an . Suevia , on the S. E. of the Circles of the Rhine , 148 m. l. and as many br . Some of it was part of the old Vindilicia . It contains about eighteen parts , viz. one Dukedom , 1. of Wirtemburg , ch . T. Stugart ; two Bishopricks , viz : 2. Constance , ( under the Emperour ) ch . T. Constance . 3. Ausburg , ch . T. Ausburg ; three Marquisates . 4. Baden , ch . T. Baden . 5. Burgaw , ch . T. Burgaw . 6. Ortnaw , ch . T. Offenburg , ( these two are under the Emperour ) two Principalities . 7. Furstemburg , ch . T. Furstemburg . 8. Hoen Zollern , ch . T. Hoen Zollern . Three Counties . 9. Oeting , ch . T. Oeting . 10. Rechberg , ch . T. Gemund . 11. Konigseck , ch . T. Konigseck . Three Baronies . 12. Waldburg , ch . T. Waldburg . 13. Limpu●g , ch . T. Limpu●g . 14. Iustingen , ch . T. Iustingen . 15. State of the Fuggers , ch . T. Babenhausen . 16. State of Vlm , ch . T. Vlm. 17. Abbacy of Kempten , ch . T. Kempten . These , besides some before excepted , are under their own Princes . Here is also , 18. the Ter. of Brisgow , ch . T. Friburg , with several other nameless Territories under the Emperour , and also about 35 free Towns. The ch . T. of this Circle is Ausburg . 8. Circle of Franconia , or Franckenland , but a part of the old Franconia ; on the N. E. of Suabia , 134 m. l. and as many br . It contains about sixteen parts , viz. three Bishopricks , 1. Wurtzburg , ch . T. Wurtzburg . 2. Bamberg , ch . T. Bamberg . 3. A●chstat , ch . T. Aichstat , all under their own Bishops . One Dukedom of , 4. Coburg , ( under the House of Saxony ) ch . T. Coburg . One Principality , 5. Henneberg , ch . T. Smalkaden , part under the House of Saxony , and part under Hussia . Two Marquisates , 6. Culemba●h , ( under the D. of Bran. ) ch . T. Culembach . 7. Onspach , ch . T. Onspach . The Prince is a branch of the House of Brandenburg . Six Counties , 8. Wertheim , ch . T. Wertheim . 9. Holach , ch . T. Oringen . 10. Papenheim , ch . T. Papenheim . 11. Reineck , ch . T. Reineck . 12. Schwartzenberg , ch . T. Schwartzenberg . 13. Castel , ch . T. Castel , all under their own Counts . 14. Bar. of Sensheim , ch . T. Sensheim , under its own Prince . 15. State of Nurenburg , ch . T. Nurenburg . 16. State of the great Master of the Tutonick Order , ch . T. Margentheim . Here are also about six free Towns. The ch . T. of the whole Circle is Nurenburg . 9. Circle of Bavaria , on the S. E. of Franconia , containing part of the old Vindilitia and Noricum , with some of old Franconia . It is 215 m. l. & 154 br . and contains three parts , viz. 1. Nortgow , or the Palatinate of Bavaria ; in which is the Lantgravedom of Leutchtenberg , ch ▪ T. Leutchtenberg ; and the Ter. of Amberg , ch . T. Amberg , both under the D. of Bavaria . 2. Dukedom of Bavaria , ( under its own D. and Elector ) ch . T. Munchen . In this are the Bish. of Ratisbone , Passaw , and Freysingen ; and the Abbaeies of Waldhfassen , St. Haimeran and Keyssheim , ch . T. the same ; all under their own Princes . 3. Archbish. of Saltzburg , ( under its own Arch. ) ch . T. Saltzburg . Beside these , intermixed with Nortgow and the D. of Bavaria , lies the D. of Newburg , ch . T. Newburg . The Duke is also Elector Palatine of the Rhine . Ch. T. of this Circle is Munchen . 10. Circle of Austria , on the S. E. of Bavaria , 335 m. l. & 216 br . It contains part of the ancient Noricum and Panonia , with some of Rhaetia , now belonging wholly to the Emperour , as being of the House of Austria . It contains six Provinces , viz. 1. The Archdukedom of Austria , divided into the Lower , ch . T. Krems ; and the Higher , ch . T. Vienna and Lintz . 2. Duke of Stiria , ch . T. Gratz . 3. C●unty of Cilley , ch . T. Cilley . 4. D. of Cara●●la , ch . T. Laubach ; in this are included the 〈◊〉 of Windishmark , ch . T. Metling ; and the County of Goritia , ch . T. Goritz . 5. D of Carinthia , ch . T. Clagenfurt . 6. County of Tirol , ch . T. Inspruck , in which are included the Bish. of Trent , ( in some measure under its own B. ) ch . T. Trent ; and the B. of Brixen , ch . T. Brixen ; and also the County of Bregentz , ch . T. Bregentz . Vienna is ch . T. of this Circle . 11. To these Circles may be added the Kingdom of Bohemia , or B●hemerland , on the N. of Austria . It is ( taking it in the largest extent ) 275 m. l. & 226 br . the Seat of the old Bojemi , Marcomanni , and Quadi ; now for the most part subject to the House of Austria . Under this name are comprehended four Provinces , viz. 1. Bohemia it self , ch . T. Prage , Kuttenberg and Egra . 2. Mar. of Lusatia , ( under the Elec. of Sax. ) divided into the Lower , ch . T. Soraw ; and the Higher , ch . T. Pautzen and Zittaw . 3. Duke of Silesia , divided into the Higher , ch . T. Troppaw ; and the Lower , ch . T. Breslaw and Glogaw , with the D. of Crossen , ( under the D. of Bran. ) ch . T. Crossen . 4. Mar. of Misnia , ch . T. Olmuntz and Brin . The ch . T. of the whole is Prage . 12. Also in the bounds of Germany lies Switzerland , a great Commonwealth made up of many small ones , containing the ancient Helvetia , part of Rhaetia , Gal. Narbonensis , and Transpadana . It lies on the S. of Suabia , 220 m. l. & 140 br . consisting of three parts , viz. 1. The Cantons , which are thirteen , viz. Zurick , Bern , Basil , Lucern , Soluthern , Freiberg , Schafhausen , Switz , Zug , Appenzel , Glaritz , Vnderwalden , ( ch . T. Stantz ) and Vri ( ch . T. Altorf ) ch . T. of the rest are the same . 2. The States Confederate , which are six , ( besides Geneva , Mulhausen and Rotweil ) viz. The Grisons , ch . T. Coire ; Wall●sland , ch . T. Sion ; Valatoline , ch . T. Sundrio ; Bish ▪ of Basil with the Ter. of Biel , ch . T. Biel ; Ter. of St. Gall , ch . T. St. Gall ; Ter. of Neuenburg , ch . T. Neuenburg . 3. The Praefectures , which are the Towns and Countries of Baden , Bremgarten , Mellingen , Rapesvila , Wagenthal , Tergow , Sangans , and Walenstat ; the Vallies of Locarn , Lugan ▪ Mend●isi , and Madia ; the Bali●ges of Belinzona , ●asteren , Vlzenach , Granson , Morat , Orbe , and Schwarzimburg ; and the Count Verdemburg . Basil is ch . T. of all . Rivers of principal note are five , viz. 1. Rhine , 2. Danow , 3. Elbe , 4. Oder , and 5. Weser . Mountains of greatest note are , 1. Fichtelberg , incircling Bohemia , and 2. Schwartzwald in Suabia . Archbishopricks 7. Bishopricks 43. Universities 30. 8. Denmark . THE Kingdom of Denmark lies on the N. of Germany ( and setting aside Norway and the Isles ) is that Peninsula which was anciently called Cimbricus Chersonesus . It is situated between the 27th and 5 min. and the 31st and 8 min. of Lon. and between the 53d and 52 min. and the 58th degr . of Lat. being in length from Hamburg to Scagen about 250 miles , and in breadth 90 , but in some places but 25 miles . Sometimes reckoned a part of old Germany ; now called by the Natives , Denemark ; by the Italians and Spaniards , Danamarca ; and by the Poles , Dunska . How it was governed anciently it is uncertain , but it has had its own Kings ever since Anno 797 , and in the Year 1379 Norway ( which before had also its own Kings ) was united to it . So that the Government at present is under its own hereditary King , whose Royal Seat is at Copenhagen . The Inhabitants are Protestants , and for the most part Lutherans . Their Language a Dialect of the German ; but in Norway they speak it with more difference . Their chief Commodities are Fish , Tallow , Furniture for Ships , Armours , Oxhides , Buckskins , Firwood , and Wainscoat . Under this name are comprehended six parts ; the three first are in the Peninsula . 1. North Iuitland , the most N. Pr. in the Peninsula , 134 m. l. & 90 br . It contains four Diocesses or Provinces , viz. 1. Aalborg , or Burglave , ch . T. Aalborg . 2. Wiborg , ch . T. Wiborg . 3. Arhusen , ch . T. Arhusen . 4. Ripen , ch . T. Frederickstat and Ripen . Ch. T. of the whole is Wiborg . 2. Dukedom of Sleswick , or South Iuitland , by the Inhabitants , Hertzogthumb Sleswick ; on the S. of North Iuitland , 80. m. l. & 48 br . It belongs to the Duke of Holstein , though not absolutely . Ch. T. are Sleswick , Tonningen , and Flensburg . 3. Dukedom of Holstein , on the S. of Sleswick , part of the Circle of the Lower Saxony , 90 m. l. & 52 br . partly under its own Duke . It contains four Provinces , viz. 1. Ditmarch , ch . T. Meldorp . 2. Proper Holstein , ch . T. Kiel . 3. Stormaria , ch . T. Geluckstat . 4. Wagerland . ch . T. Lubeck . To these is added the Ter. of Hamburg , ch . T. Hamburg ; free . 4. The Islands in the Baltick Sea , lie on the E. of Iuitland ; they are chiefly two , viz. 1. Zeland , ch . T. Copenhagen and Roschild . 2. Funen , ch . T. Odense and Middlefurt . Here are also some others , as Bornholm , Falster , Laland , Langland , Alsen , Femeren , Mone , Aar , &c. 5. Kingdom of Norway , or Norrick , on the N. of Iuitland , part of the old Scandinaria , 1200 m. l. & 240 br . It contains five Governments , viz. 1. Bahus ( under the Swedes ) ch . T. Bahus and Marstrand . 2. Aggerhus , ch . T. Agger and Opslo . 3. Bergerhus , ch . T. Bergen . 4. Dronthemus ▪ ch . T. Dronthem , 5. Werdhus , the same with Finmark , ( partly under the Swedes ) ch . T. Werdhus . Ch. T. of the whole is Bergen . 6. The Islands in the Frozen Ocean are chiefly these , 1. Iseland , a considerable Isle , 400 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. are Skalholt and Hola . 2. Fresland , ch . T. Fresland . 3. Groenland , ch . T. Bearford . 4. Isles of Fero , ch . T. Strom. Chief Rivers are Trave and Stoer . I find no Mountains . Archbishopricks 2. Bishopricks 13. Universities 2. 9. Swedeland . THE Kingdom of Swedeland lies on the W. of Russia , and E of Norway . Situated between the 30th and 30 min. and the 60th and 50 min. of Lon. and between the 55th and 50 min. and the 68th and 52 min. of Lat. being in length from Gottenburg in Gothland , to the E. parts of Finland about 900 miles ; and in breadth from Vsted in Scania , to the N. parts of Lapland ( in Swedeland ) about 820 miles . Not so large as it seems , by reason of the Botner Sea , which divides it in the middle . It contains the greatest part of old Scandinavia , with part of Sarmatia . Now called by the Inhabitants , Swerie , Swedenrick and Sweriesryck ; by the Germans , Schweden ; by the French , Swede ; and by the Poles , Szwecya and Szwedzka Ziemia . It was anciently sometimes under the Danes and sometimes under the Norwegians , but it has had its own Kings ever since Anno 800 ; they were sometimes Kings of Denmark also . So it is at present governed by its own hereditary Kings , who have many Dominions in Germany , Poland and other places . His Royal Seat is at Stockholm . The Inhabitants are Protestants , and those chiefly Lutherans ; in Livonia they are both Protestants and Papists . Their Language is a corrupt Dialect of the German or High Dutch ; but in Lapland and Finland they use the old Finnick ; and the Estones in Livonia have a peculiar Tongue . Their chief Commodities are Metals , Ox-hides , Goat-skins , Buck-skins , and costly Furs ; Pine-trees , Fir , Oaks , Tallow , Tar , Honey , &c. It is divided into seven Provinces , which are , 1. The Coast of Schonen , or Scania , sometimes South Gothland ; the most S. W. Province , 160 m. l. & 70 br . by most Geographers set in Denmark , but now a part of Swedeland . It is divided into three parts , viz. 1. Halland , ch . T. Helmstat and Laholm . 2. D. of Schonen , ch . T. Lunden and Malmogen : And 3. Bleking , ch . T. Christianstadt and Ahus . Ch. T. of the whole is Lunden . 2. Gothland , on the N. of Schonen , 240 m. l. & 200 br . divided into two parts , 1. East Gotland , containing two Provinces , viz. Ostrogoth , ch . T. Linkoping ; and Smalland , ch . T. Calmar . To this may be added two Isles in the Baltick , viz. Oeland , ch . T. Borkholm ; and Gothland , ch . T. Wisby . 2. West Gothland , containing three Provinces , viz. Westrogoth , ch . T. Gottenburg ; Dalia , ch . T. Daleborg ; and Vermland , ch . T. Carolstadt . Ch. T. of the whole is Calmar . 3. Kingdom of Sweden , on the N. of Gothland , 360 m. l. & 250 br . divided into ten Provinces , viz. 1. Sudermania , ch . T. Nikoping . 2. Nericia , ch . T. Orebro . 3. Westmania , ch . T. Arosia . 4. Vpland , ch . T. Stockholm and Vpsale . 5. Gestricia , ch . T. Gevelia . 6. Dalecarle , ch . T. Hedemore . 7. Helsingia , ch . T. Hadswickwalt . 8. Medalpadia , ch . T. Selanger . 9. Iemterland , ch . T. Alsne . 10. Angermanland , ch . T. Hernosand . Ch. T. of the whole is Stockholm . 4. Lapland ( that is that part which is subject to Swedeland ) lies on the N. E. of Sweden , 500 m. l. & 240 br . It is divided into five Provinces , viz. 1. Vma , ch . T. Vma . 2. Pitha , ch . T. Pitha . 3. Lula , ch . T. Lula . 4. Tornia , ch . T. Tornia : And , 5. Kimi , ch . T. Kimi . Tornia is reckoned the ch . T. of the whole . These four Provinces , together with Norway , make up the ancient Scandia or Scandinavia . 5. Dukedom of Finland , on the S. E. of Lapland , 520 m. l. & 380 br . divided into eight Provinces , viz. 1. Cajania , or Bothnia , ch . T. Cajaneburg . 2. Kexholm , ch . T. Kexholm . 3. Savolaxia , ch . T. Nyslot . 4. Tavastia , ch . T. Tavastia or Croneborg . 5. N. Finland , ch . T. Orneburg . 6. S. Finland , ch . T. Abo. 7. Nyland , ch . T. Borgo . 8. D. of Carelia , ch . T. Wiborg . Abo is ch . T. of the whole . 6. Lordship of Ingria , on the S. of Finland , 140 m. l. & 100 br . once part of Russia , but now under Swedeland , ch . T. are Notteborg , Iuanograd and Coporio . 7. Livonia , or Lifeland , on the S. W. of Ingria , once part of Poland , 240 m. l. & 200 br . divided into two parts , viz. 1. Estland , ch . T. Narva and Revel ; and , 2. Lettenland , ch . T. Riga and Walmar . To this are added two Isles , viz. Oesel , ch . T. Ausburg ; and Dagho , ch . T. Dagewoort . These three last Provinces were anciently a part of Sarmatia Europea . Rivers of chiefest note are four , viz. 1. Meler , 2. Dalacarle , 3. Torne , and 4. Angermania . Mountains of greatest note are the Dofrinehills , parting Sweden from Norway . Principal Lakes are four , viz. 1. Ladoga , 2. Wener , 3. Weter , and 4. Iende . Archbishopricks 3 , Bishopricks 15 , Universities 2. 10. Russia . THE Empire of Russia is a vast Country , bordering on Tartary , and lying on the E. of Swedeland and Poland . Situated between the 48th and the 102d degree of Lon. ( according to F. de wit ) and between the 45th and the 71st degr . of Lat. being in length from the S. parts of Astracan , to the month of the Riv. Oby about 1660 miles , and in breadth from the borders of Livonia to Oby at the same Lat. about 1530 miles . It contains the greatest part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea , called sometimes Russia , Alba , and Muscovy ; by the Inhabitants , Rusz ; by the Germans , Rustandt ; by the Poles , Moskwa and Russenlandt ; and by the Turks , Russ. The old Inhabitants were the Sarmatians , first conquered by the Rossi , afterwards by the Tartars , till at last they shook off their Yoak , and erected a Monarchy , which still continues . So that it is at present governed by its own Emperors , commonly called the Great Tzar or Duke of Muscovy , the most absolute of any Prince in Christendom . His Seat is at Moscow . The Inhabitants are chiefly of the Greek Church , but differing in many Points , and some of the North parts are Idolaters . Their Language a Dialect of the Solavonian , but much corrupted and mixt with others . In Inhorski they use a corrupt Hungarian , and in Petzora , P●rmski , and Czeremissans , they have one by themselves . Their Commodities are Furs , Sables , Martins , Wax , Honey , Tallow , Train-Oyl , Cavier , Hemp , Flax , Iron , Slad , Salt-Petre , Brimstone , &c. It is divided into 37 Provinces , which are as following . 1. Republick of Lapland , the most N. W. Province , 440 m. l. & 240 br . divided into Tenskoy , Mouramanskoy , and Bellamores ; ch . T. are Kola , Warsiga , and Kandolax . 2. Province of Kargapol , on the S. E. of Lapland , 320 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. is Kargapol . 3. Province of Divina , on the N. E. of Kargapol , 370 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. are Archangel and Divina . 4. Dukedom of Cordora , on the E. of Divina , 280 m. l. & 260. br . ch . T. is Wirchatouria . 5. Dukedom of Inhorski , on the N. of Condora ; ch . T. — 6. Province of Petzora , on the E. of Inhorski , 330 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. is Petzora . 7. Republick of Samoedes , on the N. E. of Petzora ; ch . T. — 8. Dukedom of Obdora , on the E. of Samoedes ; ch . T. is Berezow . 9. Kingdom of Siberia , on the S. of Obdora and Petzora ; ch . T. is Tobalska . 10. Dukedom of Wiathka , on the W. of Siberia , 420 m. l. & 310 br . ch . T. is Oorloff . 11. Dukedom of Permski , on the N. W. of Wiathka , 280 m. l. & 190 br . ch . T. is Permaveleck . 12. Province of Vstinga , on the W. of Permski , 330 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. is Vstinga . 13. Dukedom of Wologda , on the S. W. of Vstringa , 300 m. l. & 190 br . ch . T. is Wologda . 14. Dukedom of Novogrod Weliki , on the W. of Wologda , 340 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. is Novogrod Weliki . 15. Dukedom of Belejezoro , between Novogrod and Wologda , 140 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. Belejesoro . 16. Principality of Pleskow , on the W. of Novogrod Weliki , 160 m. l. & 110 br . ch . T. is Pleskow . 17. Dukedom of Rescow , on the S. E. of Pleskow , 220 m. l. & 70 br . ch . T. is Rescow . 18. Principality of Bielski , on the S. of Rescow , 90 m. l. & 45 br . ch . T. Bielski . 19. Dukedom of Smolensko , on the S. of Bielski and Resco , 230 m. l. & 80 br . ch . T. Smolensko and Mosaiske . 20. Dukedom of Moscow , on the N. E. of Smolensko , 200 m. l. & 140 br . ch . T. Moscow and Olesko . 21. Dukedom of T wer , on the N. W. of Moscow , 120 m. l. & 75. br . ch . T. is T wer . 22. Dukedom of Rostow , on the E. of T wer and N. of Moscow , 175 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. is Rostow . 23. Dukedom of Ieroslow , on the N. of Rostow , 150 m. l. & 80 br . ch . T. is Ieroslow . 24. Dukedom of Susdal , on the E. of Ieroslow and Rostow , 210 m. l. & 145 br . ch . T. is Susdal . 25. Dukedom of Wolidimer , on the S. of Susdal , 140 m. l. & 85 br . ch . T. is Wolidimer . 26. Dukedom of Nisi Novogrod , on the E. of Susdal and Wolidimer , 320 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. is Nisi Novogrod . 27. Republick of Czeremissi Lognoisenne , with Czeremissi Nagornoi , on the E. of Nisi Novogrod ; ch . T. — 28. Kingdom of Cazan , on the E. of the Czeremissi , 340 m. l. & 320 br . once part of Tartary ; ch . T. Cazan . 29. D. of Bulgar with Pascater and Besegert , on the S. E. of Cazan , 550 m. l. & 210 br . taken from the Tartars ; ch . T. is Bulgar . 30. Kingdom of Astracan , on the S. of Bulgar , 540 m. l. & 320 br . also taken out of Tartary ; ch . T. Astracan . 31. Prov. of Pole , on the N. W. of Astracan ; ch . T. is Icoritz . 32. Prov. of Okraina , on the W. of Pole ; ch . T. Biellogrod . 33. Tartars of Mordwits , on the N. E. of Okraina ; ch . T. Moruma . 34. Dukedom of Rezan , on the W. of the Mordwitz and N. of Okraina , 300 m. l. & 95 br . ch . T. Rezan . 35. Duke . of Worotin or Severia , on the W. of Rezan and Okrainia , 300 m. l. and 160 br . ch . T. is Worotin . 36. D. of Novogrod Sewarski , on the W. of Worotin , once part of Poland , 160 m. l. & 110 br . ch . T. Novogrod Sewarski . 37. D. of Czernihow , on the W. of Novogrod Sewarski , also once part of Poland ; ch . T. is Czernihow . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Wolga , 2. Dwina , 3. Tanais , or Don , and 4. part of Oby . Mountains of greatest note are those which were called the Hyperborean and Riphean Mountains . Lakes of chiefest note are , 1. Belejezor● , and 2. Ilmen , with part of Ladoga and Onega . Here is one Patriarch , viz. Moscow , 4 Archbishopricks , 18 Bishopricks , and no University . 11. Poland . THE , Kingdom of Poland lies on the W. of Russia , on the E. of Germany , and N. of Turky in Europe ; situated between the 35th and 40 min. and the 58th and 28 min. of Lon and between the 57th and 25 min. and the 47th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from the borders of Brandenburg , to the E. parts of Vkrane about 880 miles ; the breadth from the N. parts of Curland to the S. parts of Russia Rubra about 580 miles . It was part of the ancient Sarmatia Europea , and part of the old Germany , sometimes called Weonodland , now Poland by the Natives , Poloska ; by the Germans , Die Polen ; and by the French , Pologne . It was anciently governed by Dukes for about 400 years , and then by their Kings , which Government still continues . At present it is an aggregate Body of several Provinces united into one Estate ; the King is elective , and must be of the Roman Catholick Religion . Part of this Country is under the K. of Sweden , D. of Brandenburg , and D. of Curland , ( who is tributary ) and some parts of Vkrane is in a manner free . The King's Seat is at Warsaw , but the ch . T. is Cracow . The Inhabitants tolerate all Religions , but the Roman Catholick is most predominant , next that of the Greek Church . Their Language is a Dialect of the Sclavonian or Sarmatian , yet it differs much from it ; in some of the S. E. parts they speak the Cosack or Tartarian . Their chief Commodities are Wax , Linnen , Boards , Masts for Ships , Pitch , rich Furs , Salt , Amber , Ashes , Soap , Corn , Milk , Butter , Cheese , Rozin , &c. It is divided into twelve great Provinces , which are , 1. Dukedom of Curland , the most N. Pr. including the Pr. of Semigellin , 220 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. are Mittaw and Godlingen , reckoned by some a part of Livonia ; now under its own ( almost ) independent Dukes . 2. Province of Samogitia , on the S. of Curland , sometimes ( as were several of these Provinces ) a part of Russia , 195 m. l. & 120 br . divided into three Counties ; ch . T. are Rossienne and Schovenden . 3. Dukedom of Lithuania , on the S. E. of Samogitia , 440 m. l. & 280 br . It contains eleven Provinces , the eight first being Palatinares . 1. Polockzkien , 2. Braslawen , 3. Wilna , 4. Troki , 5. Novogrod , 6. Minskien , 7. Witepskien , 8. Mscislawen , 9. Ter. of Rzeczyca , 10. D. of Sluczk , 11. Ter. of Rohaczow ; ch . T. are the same . Wilna is ch . T. of the whole . 4. Dukedom of Prussia , on the N. of Lithuania , 250 m. l. & 108 br . divided into , viz. 1. Royal Prussia , including Pomerellia , subject to the Swedes ; ch . T. are Dantzick , ( free ) Marienburg and Culm . 2. Ducal Prussia , under the D. of Brandenburg ; ch . T. Koningsberg , Elbing and Memel . Ch. T. of the whole is Dantzick . 5. Province of Poland , part of old Germany , on the S. of Prussia , 320 m. l. & 270 br . divided into two parts , viz. 1. Great Poland , containing nine Palatinates , viz. Posna , Kalish , Wladislaw , Dobrzin , Plocksko , Brzestye or Cujavia , Rava , Lancicia , and Siradia ; ch . T. the same . 2. Little Poland , containing three Palatinates , viz. Lublin , Sandomir and Cracow ; ch . T. the same . Cracow is ch . T. of the whole . 6. Dukedom of Massovia , or the Palatinate of Czersko , on the E. of Poland and S. of Prussia , some of it was part of the old Germany . It is 140 m. l. 114 br . ch . T. are Warsaw , Czersko and Blonicz . 7. Polachia , on the E. of Massovia and W. of Lithuania , including the Palatinate of Bielskien , 135 m. l. & 48 br . ch . T. are Bielsko and Augustow . 8. Polesia , or the Palatinate of Bresisi , on the E. of Polachia and S. W. of Lithuania , 240 m. l. & 86 br . ch . T. are Breste and Olewsko . 9. Russia Rubra , on the S. W. of Polesia , 226 m. l. & 175. br . It contains three Palatinates , viz. 1. Chelm , ch . T. Chelm . 2. Belz , ch . T. Belz : And , 3. Lemburg , ( in which is the Pro. of Pokatia , ch . T. Halicz ) ch . T. Lemburg or Lwow , the ch . of the whole . 10. Volhinia Superior , or the Palatinate of Luceoria , on the E. of Russia Rubra and S. of Polesia , 280 m. l. & 115 br . ch . T. are Lucko and Wlozimirz . 11. Vkrane or Volhinia Inferior , or the Palatinate of Kiow , on the E. of Volhinia Superior , partly under Russia , 280 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. are Kiow and Czirkassi . In this Province are the Cossacks in a manner free . 12. Podolia , on the S. of both Volhinias , 350 m. l. & 112 br . containing , 1. The Higher , or the Pal. of Kaminieck ; ch . T. Kaminieck and Bar. 2. The Lower , or the Pal. of Braclaw , ch . T. Braclaw and Brailaw : ch . T. of both is Kaminieck . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Nieper , 2. Wiessel , 3. Niester , and 4. Divina the less . Chief Mountains are those called the Carpethian Hills , dividing this Country from Turky in Europe . Chief Lakes are , 1. Beybas , 2. Briale , and 3. Goldo . Archbishopricks 4 , Bishopricks 24 , Universities 5. 12. Turky in Europe . UNder this Name I comprehend ( for Methods sake ) all those Provinces which lie between Poland , Germany , the Euxine , Archepelago and Gulf of Venice . Situated between the 36th and 56th degr . of Lon. and between the 34th and 30 min. and the 49th and 20 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Hungary to Cape Matapan in Morea about 1000 miles ; and in breadth from the W. parts of Croatia to Oczacow in Bessarabia about 840 miles , comprehending the Roman Diocesses of Macedonia , Dacia , Thrace , with most of Illiricum . It was anciently some part of the Macedonian Empire , afterwards all under the Roman ; then a great part of it was overrun by the Goths , Sclaves , Huns , and Bulgarians ; about Anno 1450. the Turks , driving out the Eastern Emperours , became Masters of a great part of it . The rest is for the most part under the Emperour , as of the House of Austria and the Venetians , and some parts are free . The Imperial Seat is at Constantinople . The Inhabitants are both Christians and Mahomitans ; the former divided into Papists , Protestants , and Greek Church . Their Language chiefly the Sclavonian , or old Sarmatian , and Turkish . Besides these are the Epirotick , Hungarian , Illirian , and Iazygian Tongues spoken in many of the less conquered places , and in several places a corrupt Greek . The chief Commodities of these parts are Metals , Sulphur , Vitriol , Wines , Oyl , Velvits , Damasks , Turky Grograms , &c. It contains eighteen Provinces , the twelve first make the Upper and the six last the Lower Turky . Those parts that belong absolutely to the Turks , are divided into four Governments or Beglerbegships , viz. 1. Romellia , containing Bulgaria , Romania , Macedonia , Albania , Canina , Ianna Livadia , and ( not long since ) Morea . 2. Bosnia , containing all Bosnia , and part of Sclavonia , Croatia , Dalmatia , and Servia . 3. Buda ( now much less than formerly ) containing the rest of Servia , with part of Hungary and Sclavonia . 4. Temeswar , containing only three or four Counties in the Upper Hungary . The eighteen Provinces are , 1. Kingdom of Hungary , the most N. W. Province , containing part of ancient Panonia , with some of Sarmatia and Dacia Ripensis ; 330 m. l. & 200 br . mostly under the Emperour . Divided into , 1. Upper , containing thirty three Counties ; ch . T. are Presburg and Cascaw , ( under the Em. ) Temeswar and Waraden ( under the Turks ) . 2. Lower , containing fourteen Counties , on the S. side of the Danow , ch . T. Buda and Gran ( under the Em. ) Alba Regalis and Sigeth , ( under the Turks ) . Buda is ch . of both . 2. Sclavonia or Windishland , anciently Savia , on the S. of Hungary , by some reckoned a part thereof . It is 225 m. l. & 52 br . It partly belongs to the Emperour , and contains four Counties , viz. Zagrab , Posega , Valpon , and Szrem . Ch. T. of the Turks are Gradisca and Sirmium ; ch . T. of the Emperour are Posega and Zagrab . Posega is ch . T. of all . 3. Croatia , or Crabaten , anciently Liburnia , on the South of Sclavonia , part of the old Dalmatia ; 120 m. l. & 80 br . The greatest part belongs to the Emperour . Ch. T. of the Em. are Carolstat and Esseck ; ch . T. of the Turks are Wihitz and Dubits . Here is also the Province of Morlakia ; ch . T. Zeng . Wihitz is ch . T. of all . 4. Kingdom of Bosnia , or Bossen , on the E. of Croatia , and S. of Sclavonia , part of the old Dalmatia , 120 m. l. & 70 br . ch . T. are Iaicza and Bagmaluck . It is but part of the Turkish Government of Bosnia . 5. Dalmatia , on the S. of Bosnia , greatest part of old Illiris , part of old Dalmatia , 240 m. l. & 60 br . partly under the Venetians . Ch. T. of the Turks are Scardona and Dulcigno ; ch . T. of the Venetians are Zara and Sebenico . Here is also the Commonwealth of Ragusa ; ch . T. Ragusa , tributary to both Turks and Venetians . These four last named Provinces , with part of Hungary and Germany , and a little of Servia and Albania , made up the Roman Diocess of Illyricum . 6. Kingdom of Servia on the E. of Dalmatia , containing the old Maesia Superior Dardania and part of old Dalmatia , 290 m. l. & 148 br . divided into , 1. Rascia , ch . T. Belgrade and Widen ; and 2. Hersegovina , ch . T. Vscopia and Nissa ▪ Belgrade is ch . T. of both . 7. Principality of Walachia , on the N. E. of Servia , part of the old Dacia Ripensis and Alpestris , 260 m. l. & 130 br . Ruled by its own Prince , but tributary to the Turks ; ch . T. Targovisco , Bucherest , and Brascow . 8. Principality of Transilvania , on the N. W. of Walachia , anciently called Dacia Mediterranea , 180 m. l. & 165 br . partly tributary to the Turks ; ch . T. are Hermanstat , Wiessemburg , and Clausemburg . Here are a People called Zecklers there ; ch . T. is Newmark . 9. Principality of Moldavia , on the E. of Transilvania and Walachia , part of old Dacia Alpestris and Sarmatia : 260 m. l. & 168 br . Ruled by it's own Prince . Tributary to the Turks . Ch. T. are Iazy , Soczow and Targorod . 10. Bessarabia , on the E. of Moldavia , 200 m. l. & 100 br . reckoned part of Moldavia ; inhabited much by Tartars . Divided into , 1. Oczacow , ch . T. Oczacow : And , 2. Budziack , ch . T. Bialogrod . Ch. T. of both . 11. Bulgaria , anciently called Maesia Inferior , on the S. of Bessarabia , Moldavia and Walachia , and E. of Servia ; 340 m. l. & 144 br . Ch. T. are Sophia , Silistra , and Nigepoli . These five last named Provinces , with the greatest part of Servia and some of Hungary , made the Roman Diocess of Dacia . 12. Romania , anciently called Thrace , now by the Turks , Romeli . It lies on the S. E. of Bulgaria , 290 m. l. & 116 br . Ch. T. are Constantinople or Stamboul , Andrianople and Gallipoli . This was a Roman Diocess . 13. Macedonia , but a part of the old Macedonia , on the S. W. of Romania , 240 m. l. & 140 br . Divided into three Parts , viz. 1. Iamboli , ( an . Migdonia ) ch . T. Salonichi ; 2. Proper Macedon , ch . T. Emboli ; 3. Comenolitari , ch . T. Vodena . Ch. T. of the whole is Salonichi . 14. Kingdom of Albania , the rest of the old Macedonia with part of Illiris ; on the W. of Macedonia ; 190 m. l. & 100 br . a little of it is under the Venetians . Ch. T. of the Turks are Scutari and Croia ; ch . T. of the Venetians is Va●ona . 15. Canina , anciently called Epirus , now sometimes the Lower Albania . It lies on the S. of Albania ; 160 m. l. & 68 br . partly under the Venetians . Ch. T. of the Turks are Larta and Bastia ; ch . T. of the Venetians are Prevesa and Butrino . Ch. T. of all is Prevesa . 16. Ianna , anciently called Thessaly , on the E. of Canina , and S. of Macidonia , of which it has sometimes been reckoned a part ; 168 m. l. & 100 br . Ch. T. are Armiro and Larissa . 17. Livadia , on the S. of Ianna and Canina ; 235 m. l. & 56 br . anciently called Achaia ; then divided into Attica , Megaris , Bo●otia , Phocis , Locris , Doris , and Aetolia ; now a little under the Venetians . Ch. T. of the Turks are Setines ( an . Athens ) and Livadia ; ch . T. of the Venetians is Lepanto . 18. Morea , anciently called Peloponessus , on the S. of Livadia , a Peninsula ; 195 m. l. & 190 br . wholly under the Venetians . Divided into four Provinces , viz. 1. D. of Clarentia , ( an . Achaia Propria and Syconia ) ch . T. Patras . 2. Sacconia , ( an . Corinthia and Argos ) ch . T. Napoli . 3. Tzaconia , ( an . Arcadia and Laconia ) ch . T. Misisthra . 4. Belvidera , ( an . Elis and Messenia ) ch . T. Coron . Misistthra is ch . T. of the whole . These six last Provinces anciently made up that famous and renowned Country of Greece , sometimes the Roman Diocess of Macedonia , and now the greatest part of the Government of Romellia . To these are added the Islands . The Principal are , 1. Candia , ( an . Crete ) 140 m. l. & 60 br . containing four Provinces , viz. Setia , Retimo , Canea , and Candia ; ch . T. the same . 2. Negropont , 120 m. l. & 28 br . ch . T. Negropont . 3. Stalamine . 4. Nicsia . These , with a great many others of less note , are subject to the Turks . The Venetians have , 1. Cefelonia , 2. Corfu , 3. Zant , 4. Cerigo , &c. Ch. T. are the same . Under the Name of Turky in Europe , I also comprehend Crim Tartary , sometimes Taurica Chersonessus part of old Sarmatia . Now ruled by its own Prince , called the Great Cham , but tributary to the Turks . It lies on the S. of Russia , being about 600 m. l. & 300 br . Ch. T. in the Peninsula are Kaffa and Baccassarium ; in the Midlands are Azoph and Nigropoli . Rivers of chiefest note are five , viz. 1. Danow . 2. Niester . 3. Drave . 4. Save : And , 5. Tyssa . Principal Lakes are , 1. Balaton ; and , 2. Newfidlersee , both in Hungary . Chief Mountains are , 1. Haemus , now Balkan ; 2. Athos , now Holy Mount ; and , 3. Olympus , now Lacha . Here is one Patriarch , viz. Constantinople ; and I find the Names of 38 Archbishopricks , and 57 Bishopricks . Thus much for EVROPE . II. ASIA . ASIA has on the East and South the Oriental Ocean ; on the North ( as it is supposed ) the Frozen Ocean ; on the West Europe and the Mediterranian Sea ; and on the S. West Africa , which seperated by the Red Sea , and an Isthmus 110 miles long . It is situated between the 53d and the 180th degr . of Lon. and between the first and 72d of Lat. being in length from the Dardanels in Natolia , to the E. parts of China about 5300 miles , and in breadth from the South parts of India to the N. parts of Tartary about 4200 miles . It is famous for the Creation of Man , for the Place of Paradise , for the Confusion of Tongues , for the Assyrian and Persian Monarchies , for being the Scene of the Chief Actions recorded in the Scriptures , and more especially for the Birth of our Saviour CHRIST . It now wants much of its ancient greatness . Religions may be reduced to four Principal Heads , viz. 1. Mahomitan , 2. Pagan , 3. Chri●stian , and , 4. Iewish Religion . The Languages are chiefly four , viz. Persian , 2. Turkish , divided into Turkish and Tartarian , 3. Arabick , and , 4. Chinean . Here are also many others of less note , as the Syrian , Sclavonian , and Armenian Tongues , with several others , ( especially among the Indian Provinces and Oriental Islands ) which are but little known to us . It is under the Government of four great Monarchs , viz. the Grand Seignor , the Sophy of Persia , the great Mogul of India , and the great Cham of Tartary , who has also China ; besides several great Princes in Georgia , Arabia , Tartary , India , and the Oriental Islands . Mountains of greatest note are , 1. those called by the general name of Taurus , and , 2. Imaus . Rivers of principal note are six , viz. 1. Efrate , 2. Indus , 3. Ganges , 4. Oby , 5. Kiang , and , 6. Croceus . Greatest Lakes ( besides the Caspian Sea ) are , 1. Kithay in Tartary , and , 2. Chiamay in India . It is divided into ten great parts , viz. 1. Turky in Asia , 2. Georgia , 3. Arabia , 4. Persia , 5. Tartary the greater . India contains three parts , viz. 6. Empire of Mogul , 7. the Peninsula on this side Ganges , 8. that on the other side , 9. China , and , 10. Oriental Islands . 1. Turky in Asia . TVrky in Asia contains all the Western Parts of Asia , lying on the W. of Persia , between Georgia and Arabia , situated ( not taking in any part of Arabia ) between the 53d and 15 min. and 81st and 35 min. of Lon. and between the 29th and 40th min. and the 45th degr . of Lat. being in length from the Dardanels to the E. parts of Yerack about 1530 miles , and in breadth from Trebizond in Natolia to Natolia to the S. parts of the Holy Land about 780 miles ; containing all those Countries which were anciently called Asia Minor , Syria , Palestine , Armenia , Chaldea , Mesopotamia , with part of Assyria and Media . The Turks use the Mahomitan Religion , which is composed of Christian Iewish and Pagan Religions , with some new Fopperies of their own added . The vulgar Turkish Language ( for the better sort speak the Sclavonian ) is originally Tartarian , intermixed with many Persian , Arabick , Grecian and Italian words . The Persian and Arabick Tongues are also in much esteem among them . It is governed by nineteen Beglerbegs under the Grand Seignor , viz. six which are in Natolia ; Natolia , Caramania , Tarsus , Maras , Suwas , and Trebizond ; three in Syria , viz. Aleppo , Tripoli , and Damas ; four in Turcomania , viz. Chisari or Kars , Arzerum , Tchildir , and Van ; and six in Diarbeck , viz. Dierbikir or Caramitz , Rixa , Mosul , Bagdad , Schehereful , and Balsora . They have under them about 198 Sangiacks , or Provinces , and 102 Castles . Ch. T. of the whole is Aleppo . Divided into four parts , viz. 1. Natolia , 2. Syria , 3. Turcomania , and 4. Dierbeck . 1. Natolia . Natolia is the most W. Province washed on three sides with Sea , being about 750 miles long from E. to W. and about 520 broad from N. to S. anciently called Asia Minor , then containing the Roman Diocesses of Asia , Pontus , with part of the Orient , afterwards called by the name of Anatolia , and now Natolia , and sometimes Naduli . It was first conquered by the Persians , afterwards by the Macedonians , then divided among several , then by the Romans , who together with the Eastern Emperors held it for many ages , till at last it became a prey to the Turks . The ch . T. is Bursa . The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Christians of the Greek Church . Their Language both Turkish and Sclavonian , and also a corrupt Greek . Their chief Commodities are Wine , Oyl , Silk , Cottons , Wool , Camlets , Grograms , Linnen , Fruits , Pots , Glasses , &c. It contains four Provinces , which are , 1. Natolia , the most W. Province , 550 m. l. & 370 br . containing the old Provinces of Paphlagonia , Galatia , Bithinia , both Phrigias , Mysia , Eolis , Ionia , Lydia , and Caria : but these have lost their names . Ch. T. are Bursa , Smirna and Chiutale . 2. Caramania , on the S. E. of Natolia ; 380 m. l. & 250 br . containing the old Pamphilia , with part of Cilicia . Ch. T. are Cogni , Satalia and Tarso . 3. Amasia , on the N. E. of Caramania ; 350 m. l. & 170 br . containing the old Capadocia , Pontus and part of Armenia minor . Ch. T. are Armasia , Trebezond and Suwas . 4. Aladuli , on the S. of Amasia ; 230 m. l. & 200 br . containing the greatest part of Armenia minor , and part of Cilicia . Ch. T. are Maras and Acsar . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Ajala , 2. Madre , 3. Casalmach , and , 4. Gensui . Mountains of greatest note are , 1. those an . called Ante Taurus , and , 2. Ida. The Modern names I find not . 2. Syria . Syria lies along the Mediterranian Sea , towards the S. W. of Natolia , be●ng about 500 miles long from N. to S. and about 340 from E. to W. It was once called Aram , afterwards Syria , then containing part of the Roman Diocess of the Orient ; now called by the Inhabitants , Souristan ; by the French , Souria ; by the Italians , Soria ; and by the Turks , Suristan . It was ( setting aside Palestine ) first conquered by the Assyrians ; then subject to the Persians ; then by the Macedonians , and soon after had its own Kings ; then conquered by the Romans , and possessed by the Eastern Emperours ; then by the Saracens ; after that by the Turks ; then by the Tartars ; after by the Aegyptians ; again by the Tartars ; and lastly , once more by the Turks . Ch. T. is Aleppo . The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Christians ; the later divided into Maronites , Iacobites , and Melchites . Their Language is the Arabick , and in some places the Syriack , composed of Chaldea and Hebrew . Their chief Commodities are Wine , Oyl , excellent Balm and Honey , with variety of Fruits , Cottons , Wool , Camlets , &c. It contains three Provinces , which are , 1. Province of Syria , on the N. the greatest part of this Country ; 410 m. l. & 310 br . containing the old Provinces of Syria Propria , Comogena and Palmerine . Ch. T. are Aleppo , Ham and Scanderone . 2. Fenicia , on the S. W. of Syria ; 220 m. l. & 120 br . containing old Phoenicia and Coelo Syria ; ch . T. are Damas , Tripoli and Sydon . 3. Holy Land an . Palestine and the Land of Canaan , on the S. of Venicia ; 220 m. l. & 86 br . now divided into three Principalities , viz. Sayd , Cossaria , and Gaza . Ch. T. are Ierusalem and Gaza . Rivers of greatest note are three , viz. 1. Dracone , 2. Marsya , and 3. Iourdain , now Schierah . Chief Mountains are , 1. Libanus , and , 2. Lison . 3. Turcomania . Turcomania lies between Persia and Natolia , East and West and is almost square , being about 540 miles long and 430 broad , according to F. de Wit 's Maps . According to this extent it contains all the ancient Armenia Major , with some part of Assyria and Media . It was a good part of it for many Ages under its own Kings , till conquered by the Romans ; afterwards by the Sarazens ; then by the Turks ; after that it had its own Kings ; then subdued by the Tartars ; after that it became a Persian Province , till conquered by the Turks : the Persians have still part of it . The ch . T. is Erzerum . The Inhabitants are Mahomitans and Christians of the Greek Church and Sect of Eutiches . Their Language in some places Turkish , in others Armenian ; a very harsh Tongue , having some mixture of Turkish and Persian . Their Alphabet has 28 Letters . The chief Commodities are Wine , Fruits , Silk , fine Tapestries , Grogram and Worsted Camlets . It contains three Provinces , which are , 1. Turcomania , on the W. parts ; 340 m. l. & 220 br . containing a great part of the ancient Armenia Major . Ch. T. are Arzerum , and Chisari or Kars . 2. Georgiens or Iran , on the E. of Turcomania ; 340 m. l. & 180 br . containing part of old Armenia and Media . Now mostly under the Persians . Ch. T. are Derbent and Atham . 3. Curdes , on the S. of Georgiens ; 340 m. l. & 300 br . containing part of old Assyria and Armenia Major . Ch. T. are Van and Bedao . Rivers of principal note are three , viz. 1. Eufrate , 2. Tigre , and , 3. Kurr . Chief Mountains are several branches of Taurus . 4. Dierbeck . Dierbeck lies on the S. of Turcomania and W. of Persia , being about 780 m. l. & 400 br . It contains the ancient Countries of Chaldea , Mesopotamia , with part of Assyria . Now called by the Persians , Yrakin ; by the Arabians , Iazeirey ; by the Armenians , Meredin ; and by the Turks , Dierbeck or Diarbeck . It was first under its own Emperours for about 1700 years ; conquered by the Persians ; then by the Macedonians ; after that by the Romans ; again by the Persians ; afterwards by the Saracens ; next by the Turks ; a third time by the Persians ; and lastly , by the Turks again . The ch . T. is Bagdat . The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Christians ; the latter divided into Iacobites and Nestorians . Their Language in some places Arabick , and in others Syriack , but mixt with some Arabick and Greek words . Their chief Commodities are Wine , Oyl , Corn , Fruits , Cottons , Wool , &c. It is divided into three Provinces , which are , 1. Dierbeck , the most N. W. Province ; 560 m. l. & 315 br . containing the old Mesopotamia and part of Assyria , and sometimes part of the Roman Diocess of the Orient Ch. T. are Dierbikir or Caramitz , and Vrphi● 2. Arzerum or Sarh , on the E. of Dierbeck ; 260 m. l. & 150 br . containing a great part of the old Assyria . Ch. T. are Mosul ( an . Ninivie ) and Scheheresul . 3. Yerack , Curdestan or Keldan , on the S. of Arzerum and Dierbeck ; 350 m. l. & 210 br . the same with old Chaldea or Babylonia . Ch. T. are Bagdat , Cufa and Balsora . Chief Rivers are , 1. Eufrate , and , 2. Tigre . F. de Wit comprehends both Dierbeck and Turcomania under the general name of Armenia . Besides these four Provinces there are some Islands . The chief of which are , 1. Kingdom of Cyprus or Kibros , in the Mediterranian Sea , on the S. of Natolia ; 170 m. l. & 80 br . anciently divided into Salamina , Amathusia , Lapatha and Paphia ; now into seven Sangiacks . Ch. T. are Nicosia and Famagusta . 2. Those of lesser note are , 1. Rhodes ; ch . T. Rhodes . 2. Cos ; ch . T. Cos. 3. Samos ; ch . T. Samo . 4. Nicaria ; ch . T. Nicaria . 5. Sio ; ch . T. Sio . 6. Metelino , ( an . Lesbos ) ch . T. Metelino ; with some others . 2. Georgia . UNder the name of Georgia is comprehended all that Tract of Land which lies between the Palus Meotis or the Sea of Zabache , and the Caspian Sea or the Sea of Bachu , and between the River Don and Turcomania . Situated between the 63d and the 80th degr . of Lon. and between the 42 and 40 min. and the 51st degr . of Lat. being in length from the Streights of Kaffa to the Caspian Sea about 650 miles ; and in breadth from the River Don or Tanais to the Borders of Turcomania about 480 miles . In this extent are comprehended the ancient Countries of Colchis , Iberia , Albania , with part of Asiatick Sarmatia . It was partly conquered by the Romans , and ever since had many several Governments , till of late the Turks and Persians have got some footing amongst them . So that the present Government is under several small Princes , some of which are tributary to the Turks , some to the Persians and others are free . The ch . T. is Teffles . The Inhabitants are chiefly Christians of the Greek Church , with some Mahomitans ; the former in practice little differ from Pagans . Their Language is in many places a kind of a Sclavonian , in some places the Turkish and Tartarian , and in Mengralia they have one peculiar . Their chief Commodities are Honey , Wax , Leather , Furs , Silk , Linnen Thred , Martins , Beavers , Box and Slaves . It contains four Provinces , which are , 1. Comania or Circassia , ( under the first F. de Wit comprehends all Georgia and Crim Tartary ) is the most N. Province , by some made part of Tartary , by others part of Russia , being partly subject to it . In it are comprehended the Provinces of Petigori , Sonska , and Nagaiski or proper Circassia ; as also the Alanes , Suanes , Gigves , and Caracherks or Black Circassians . The ch . T. is Temruck . 2. Mengralia , on the S. of Comania ; 300 m. l. & 170 br . It contains four Provinces , viz. 1. Abassa or Avogassa ; ch . T. St. Sophia . 2. K. of Mengralia or Odischi ; ch . T. Zugdidi . These two Provinces make up the old Country of Colchis . 3. K. of Guriel ; ch . T. Varsti . 4. K. of Imerete ; ch . T. Colalach . These Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks . 3. Gurgistan , on the E. of Mengralia and S. of Comania ; 260 m. l. & 175 br . It contains three Provinces , viz. 1. K. of Balatralu ; ch . T. Cori or Gorede . 2. K. of Curduel ; ch . T. Teffles . 3. K. of Kacheti ; ch . T. Zagain . These Provinces make up the ancient Iberia , and are for the most part under the Persians . 4. Zuiria , on the E. of Gurgistan and S. of Comania ; 240 m. l. & 180 br . It contains all the ancient Albania . Divided into two parts , viz. 1. Nagaiski , reckoned by some a part of Comania ; ch . T. Terki . 2. Dagestan ; ch . T. Zittach , the ch . T. of both . This Province is under several independent Lords . Rivers of Principal note are three , viz. 1. Kurr , 2. Faze , and , 3. Terka . Chief Mountains are several branches of Taurus . 3. Arabia . ARabia is a very large Country , lying on the S. of Turky in Asia , incompassed on three sides with the Sea. Situated between the 62d and the 94th and 40 min. of Lon. and between the 12th and the 34th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from Sues in Egypt , to the most E. point in Oman about 1700 miles , and in breadth from the mouth of the Persian Gulf , to the mouth of the Red Sea , about 1200 miles : called by the Turks Arabistan . Part of it was subject to the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires ; then to the Macedonians ; then to the Roman● ; after that it was wholly under its own Emperours ; then ruled by the Babylonian Caliphs ; after that it was free , till at last the Turks conquered part of it ; so that the present Government is partly under the Turks ; the rest under several Princes . The ch . T. is Medina . The Inhabitants are all Mahomitans , except some few Christians in Arabia Petrea . Their Language is wholly the Arabick , a very famous Language , partly derived from the Hebrew ; naturally spoke in many other Countries . The chief Commodities are Gold , Precious Stones , Balsam , Myrrh , abundance of Frankincense ▪ Cassia , Cinnamon , Manna , Benjamin , and such like . It contains three great parts , which are , 1. Beriara , the most N. Province , 500 m. l. & 320 br . anciently called Arabia Deserta and Chus ( translated Aethiopia ) ch . T. are Anna and Hit ; chiefly under the Government of the Turks : some parts are free , which are scarce worth looking after . 2. Barraab , sometimes Dase-lick Arabistan , on the W. of Beriara ; 400 m. l. & 230 br . anciently called Arabia Petrea , where the Children of Israel wandred forty Years . Ch. T. are Herat and Aylan . This Province is for the most part under the Turks , but very inconsiderable . 3. Ayaman , anciently Arabia Foelix , on the S. of Barraab and Beriara ; 1590 m. l. & 1000 br . It contains seven Provinces , viz. 1. Hagia ( in which are the Benduins ) ch . T. Medina and Mecca . It is under the Turkish Cheris of Mecca . 2. Iamama ( in which are the Bengebres ) ch . T. Iamama . 3. Baharaim , or the Government of Labsa , under the Turks ; ch . T. Elkatif and Labsa . 4. Oman , containing three Kingdoms , viz. Mascate , Mascalat and Amanzirieden ; ch . T. the same : all under their own Kings . 5. Seger , containing two Kingdoms , under their own Kings , viz. Alibinali , and Gubelhaman ; ch . T. the same . 6. Hadramut , or the Government of Yeman ; ch . T. Aden and Zibit , mostly under the Turks ; it also includes the two Kingdoms of Fartach and Caxem , under their own Kings . 7. Tehama , ch . T. Dhafar , chiefly under its own King , and partly under the Turks . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Prim. 2. Chibar . 3. Astan ; and , 4. Nageran . Chief Mountains ( besides those mentioned in the Scriptures ) are Sciobam and Ghazuan . 3. Persia. THE Empire of Persia is a very large and famous Country , lying between India and Turky E. and W. and between Tartary and the Ocean N. and S. Situated between the 78th and 10 min. and the 118th and 15th min. of Lon. and between the 24th and 35 min. and the 43d and 20 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. W. parts of Servan to the borders of India in Makrun about 1620 miles , and in breadth from the River Gehun or Crus to the Southern Ocean 1070 miles . It contains the greatest part of the ancient Persia with some of Assyria . It was first called Elam , and sometimes Achamenides , now Persia by the Europeans , but by the Inhabitants Far or Farsistan . It was first under the Assyrian Empire for about 1300 Years ; then revolted and governed by its own Kings ; then by its Emperours ; after that conquered by the Macedonians ; soon after by the Parthians ; after that by the Saracens ; then by the Turks ; then by Tartars ; and lastly , had its own Emperours , which still remain . He is called the great Sophy of Persia , and has an Absolute Power , yet the Government is less Tyrannical than any other of the Mahomitan Kings . His Imperial Seat is at Hispaam . The Inhabitants are Mahomitans , but differing in some points from the Turks ; here are also Iesuits and Nestorians , with several Iews . Their Language is the Persian , very ancient , but have some mixture of Arabick , Greek and Tartarian words , very soft and sweet ; spoken in the Eastern Country as the Latine in the Western ; it has 29 Letters in the Alphabet : The Turkish Language is also very much used here . The chief Commodities are curious Silks , Carpets , Tissues , Manufactures of Gold , Silk and Silver , Seal-skins , Goat-skins , Alabaster , all sorts of Metals , Myrrh , Fruits , &c. It contains twelve Provinces , which are , 1. Servan , or Schirwan , the most N. W. Province , bordering on Turky ; 330 m. l. & 170 br . containing a great part of the ancient Media ; ch . T. are Tauris , Servan and Ardevil . 2. Gilan , or Hirach , on the E. of Servan ; 460 m. l. & 340 br . anciently called Hyrcania . It contains four Provinces , viz. 1. Dile●mon ; ch . T. Dilemon . 2. Mezandran ; ch . T ▪ Mezandran . 3. Rescht ; ch . T. Rescht ; And 4. Keskar ; ch . T. Keskar . Gilan is ch . T. 〈◊〉 the whole . 3. Taberistan , or Tocheristan , on the E. of Gilan ; 470 m. l. & 340 br . anciently called Margiana ; ch . T. Amoul or Taberistan , and Asterebad . It contains two other Pr. viz. 1. Kuoemus ; ch . T. Ferawar : and , 2. Gorgian ; ch . T. Gorgian . 4. Corassan , on the E. of Taberestan ; 760 m. l. & 540. br . anciently called Bactria ; ch . T. Herat. In this are comprehended three others , viz. 1. Heri ; ch . T. Heri . 2. Chorassan ; ch . T. Ariander : And , 3. Cohasan ; ch . T. Caim . 5. Airach , or Yerack Agemi , on the W. of Corassan ; 700 m. l. and 460 br . anciently called Parthia ; ch . T. are Hispaam , Casbin and Nehawant . 6. Churdestan , on the W. of Airach and S. of Servan ; 280 m. l. & 160 br . It contains a good part of the ancient Assyria and part of old Media ; ch . T. are Salmas and Cor. 7. Chusistan , or Elveran on the S. of Airach ; 400 m. l. & 320 br . anciently Susiana ; ch . T. Souster . 8. Fars , on the E. of Chusistan ; 460 m. l. & 310 br . anciently called Persis ; ch . T. are Schiras or Shiras , and Lar. 9. Kirman , or Cherman , on the E. of Fars ; 600 m. l. & 510 br . anciently called Carmania ; ch . T. is Cherman . 10. Sablestan , or Calchestan , on the N. of Kirman ; 390 m. l. & 160 br . anciently called Parapamisus ; ch . T. is Bost. 11. Sigistan , or Sitzistan , on the S. E. of Sablestan ; 470 m. l. & 240 br . anciently called Drangiana ; ch . T. is Sigistan . 12. Makran , on the S. of Sigistan 500 m. l. & 250 br . ch . T. Malran . This includes the two Provinces of , 1. Circan , ( an . Gedrosia ) ch . T. Gest ; and , 2. Patan , ch . T. — Rivers of chief note are four , viz. 1. Gelum , or Albius , ( an . Oxus ) 2. Ilment , 3. Tiritiri , and , 4. Bendimir . Chief Mountains are Taurus , which pass through the length of this Country , and go by several names . 5. Tartary . TArtary is the greatest Country in the World , lying on the E. of Russia and N. of Persia , India and China . Situated between the 83d and the 180th degr . of Lon. and between the 39th and the 72d degr . of Lat. being in length from the borders of Astracan to the E. parts of Cathay about 4000 miles , and the breadth from the S. parts of Mawrinalra to the most N. parts of Tartaria Deserta , is about 2000 miles ; containing the ancient Provinces of Scythia , Sacae , Sogdania , and the greatest part of Sarmatia Asiatica ▪ with a little of old Persia. It has remained unconquered under several Governments , till Anno 1162 , the Tartars , an obscure People , over-ran this Country , and erected a Monarchy , which still remains , but a good part of it is fallen away . The Emperour is called , The Great Cham of Tartary ; who has also the famous Country of China . Some part of it is under the Russians ; the rest under several independent Princes . The imperial Seat is at Chambalu , as it is supposed . The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Pagans ; in some places all Mahomitans , in others all Pagans , which seems to be in most esteem . Here are also some Christians of the Nestorian Sect. Their Language is the Tartarian , very boisterous and clamerous , almost the same with the Turkish , having some mixture of Persian and Scithian words . In some places they use the Persian Tongue . The chief Commodities are Sable , Martins , and other Furs , Silks , Camlets , Flax , great store of Rhubarb , Musk , Cinnamon , &c. It is divided into five great parts , viz. 1. Tartaria Deserta , the most W. Province . bordering on Russia ; about 1700 m. l. & 960 br . Divided into , 1. Kalmuki-Buchar , or Olgaria , ch . T. Yem . In this are included Ba●gle●tan , Gazitae-Chanaaket , with the N●garian Tartars . 2. Chabzag , or the K. of Kasg●ar , ch . T. Kasghar . 3. Karakathay , or Chaulachitae , ch . T. are Charcan and Cumbalick . In this are included Samarique and Al-Aazas . Here are also Molgamazia , Tingves , and Lucumorio . Ch. T. of the whole is Charcan . This Province contains the greatest part of old Sarmatia Asiatica . Now chiefly under the Russians . 2. Mawrinalra , Vsbeck or Zagathay , on the S. of Tartaria Deserta ; about 1200 m. l. & 840 br . containing the old Provinces of Sacae , Sogdania , and part of Scythia and old Persia. It is chiefly under its peculiar Chams . Ch. T. are Samarchand , Bokora , and Istigias . In this are the Provinces of Belch , Alsoyd , Crowarezem , Alshash , and Targana . 3. Turchestan , part of the ancient Scythia , on the E. of Mawrinalra , about 1400 m. l. & 850 br . Ch. T. are Thibit , Cascar , and Chotan . It contains many Kingdoms , as Cascar , Chialis or Turphan , Chiartiam , Cotam , Thibit , Camul , Lop , Tainfu , Caindu , &c. 4. Mongul or Magog , the true old Tartary , on the N. of Turchestan ; about 1800 m. l. & 950 br . Ch. T. are Mongul , and Tenduc . It contains many Provinces , as Sumogul or Tartar , Tenduc or Mekrat , Bargu or Mekrit , Iekmogul , Carli , &c. 5. Cathay or Kin-Tartary , on the S. E. of Mongul , about 1650 m. l. & 1100 br . It contains four great Provinces , viz. 1. Cathay or Naimens ; ch . T. Cambalu or Arab-Chan-Belich . 3. Niuche or Tenduc : And , 4. Yupi . It contains the ancient Serica and part of Scythia . Mountains of greatest note are those anciently called Imaus , dividing Tartary in the middle . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Oby , 2. Ochanda , 3. Chesel , ( an . Iaxertes ) and 4. Polisanga . Most considerable Lakes are four , viz. 1. Kithay , 2. Kithaiska , 3. Coras , and , 4. Amu. There is very much uncertainty of this Country . 6. Mogul's Empire . THE Empire of the great Mogul lies on the S. of Tartary and E. of Persia , situated between the 104th and the 139th degr . of Lon. and between the 18th and the 41st degr . of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Candabor , to the E. parts of Kanduana , about 1750 miles ; and in breadth from the N. parts of Cabul to the S. parts of Guzarat 1240 miles . It contains the greatest part of the East-Indies , with some of old Persia ; now often called by the name of Indostan . It was first conquered by Bacchus , afterwards by Alexander the great . We hear scarce any thing of it till of later Ages it was conquered by the Tartars , who then erected that Monarchy , which still continues . So that it is now governed by its own Emperours or Moguls , who are absolute and have vast Revenues , exceeding the Persian and Turk together . His Imperial Seat is at Agra . The Inhabitants are many of them Mahomitans of the Turkish Sect , above two thirds are Gentiles , Banians or Persees ; and here are also some Christians , called Christians of St. Thomas , and several Jews and Jesuits . Their Language a kind of Tartarian , and has a great mixture of the Persian . In Guzarate and Bengala they speak the Guzarate Tongue ; the Persian is also in much use . The chief Commodities are all sorts of Spices , Aloes , Musk , Rhubarb , Wormseeds , Civits , Indigo , Lacque , Borax , Ogium , Amber , Myraboles , Sal-Armoniack , Silk , Cottons , Calicoes , Sattins , Taffaties , Velvets , Carpets , Metals , Pocelline Earth , &c. It is divided into 38 Kingdoms , which are , 1. Candahor , the most W. Province , part of the old Arachosa in Persia ; 300 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. is Candahor . 2. Cabul , on the N. E. of Candahor , the rest of old Arachosa ; 350 m. l. & 190 br . ch . T. are Cabul and Parna . 3. Attock , on the S. E. of Cabul ; 300 m. l. & 130 br . ch . T. Attock . 4. Kachemire , on the E. of Attock ; 210 m. l. 150 br . ch . T. Kachemire . 5. Bankisk , on the E. of Kachemire ; 190 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. Beishar . 6. Kakares , on the N. E. of Bankisk ; 580 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. Dankalor and Purhola . 7. Naugracut , on the S. of Kakares and E. of Bankisk ; 300 m. l. & 110 br . ch . T. Naugracut . 8. Siba , on the E. of Naugracut and S. of Kakares ; 340 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. Hardware and Serenegar . 9. Pitan , on the S. of Siba , including Rahia-Radorou and Rahia-Mug ; 270 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. Pitan . 10. Gor , on the E. of Pitan ; 390 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. Gor. 11. Kanduana , on the S. of Gor , 320 m. l. & 130 br . ch . T. Kanduana . 12. Vdessa , on the S. of Kanduana ; 240 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. Iehenat . 13. Mevat , on the S. of Vdessa ; 270 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. Mevat . 14. Iesuel , on the N. of Mevat ; 200 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. Rejapore . 15. Patna , on the N. of Iesuel ; 330 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. Patna . 16. Iamba , on the W. of Patna , including Rahia-Decamperga ; 240 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. Iamba . 17. Bakar , on the S. of Iamba ; 220 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. Bicanor . 18. Sambal , on the S. of Bakan ; ch . T. Sambal . 19. Narvar , on the S. of Sambal ; 270 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. are Gehud and Ouden . 20. Gualeo , on the W. of Narvar ; 160 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. Gualeo . 21. Agra , on the N. W. of Gualeo ; 340 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. are Agra and Fetapore . 22. Delly , on the N. W. of Agra ; 360 m. l. and 120 br . ch . T. Delly . 23. Ienupar , on the N. W. of Delly ; 300 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. Ienupar . 24. Pengab or Lahor , on the N. of Ienupar ; 390 m. l. & and 130 br . ch . T. Lahor . 25. Multan , on the W. of Pengab ; 220 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. Multan . 26. Hajacan , on the W. of Multan ; 300 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. are Ch●●zan and Vche . 27. Bukar , on the S. W. H●jacan ; 340 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. Bukar . 28. Hendown , on the E. of Bukar ; 240 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. Hendown . 29. Bando or Asmire , on the S. E. of Hendown ; 240 m. l. and 170 br . ch . T. are Bando and Asmire . 30. Ieselmere , on the W. of Bando ; 300 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. Ieselmere . 31. Tatta , on the W. of Ieselmere ; 260 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. Tatta . 32. Soret , on the E. of Tatta , and S. W. of Ieselmere ; 160 m. l. & 156 br . ch . T. are Ianagar and Pache. 33. Guzarat , on the S. of Soret and Ieselmere , along the Ocean ; 530 m. l. & 350 br . ch . T. are Cambay and Surat . 34. Chitor , on the N. W. of Guzarat ; 260 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. Chitor . To this is joined Rahia-Ranas , ch . T. Gurchitto . 35. Malvay , on the E. of Chitor ; 300 m. l ▪ & 110 br . ch . T. Sarampore . 36. Candis , on the S. of Malvay ; 190 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. Mandave . 37. Berar , on the N. E. of Candis ; 250 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. Shapor . 38. Bengala , on the N. E. of Berar ; 660 m. l. & 450 br . ch . T. Bengala . In this extent are the Pr. of Patenaw , Elebus and Prurop . Rivers of principal note are two , viz. 1. Indus or Pengab , and , 2. Ganges , both very famous . Chief Mountains are , 1. Imaus or Bittigo , and , 2. Sardonix . 7. India in t . Gangem . INdia intra Gangem , or the Peninsula on this side the River Ganges , lies on the S. of the Mogul's Empire ; situated between the 112th and 45 min. and the 120th degr . of Lon. and between the 7th and 40 min. and the 23d degr . of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Orixa in Golconda , to Cape Comeri in Malabar , about 1000 miles ; in breadth from Narsingapatan to Dabul 490 miles . We can find but little how it was anciently Governed ; but it is at present under the Government of about fifty several Kings , of which three or four are greater than the rest , and some parts are under the Europeans , as the Portuguez , Dutch , and English. The ch . T. of the whole is Goa , under the Portugals . The Inhabitants are of several Nations besides the Natives ; they are both Pagans and Mahomitans , with some Christians of St. Thomas , besides the Europeans . Their Language is that called Talenga , in Golconda ; the Guzarate , in Bisnagar ; and the Malabar , with the Bagadan , Tamul and Grandonique in Malabar : The Portugal is also in much use in some parts . Chief Commodities are Metals , Silks , Cottons , Pearls , Drugs , Ginger , Cinnamon , Cassia , &c. It contains four parts , viz. 1. Kingdom of Golconda , the most N. E. Province ; 420 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. Golconda or Bagnagar . In this extent are comprehended also the Provinces of Orixa , ch . T. Orixa ; and Talengand , ch . T. Dalacata . It is under its own King , but tributary to the great Mogul . 2. Kingdom of Decan , on the W. of Golconda ; 380 m. l. & 280 br . It contains three Provinces , viz. 1. Decan , ch . T. Kerky . 2. Balgate , ch . T. Bender : And , 3. Cuncan , ch . T. Goa , and Visapor . These are chiefly the Portuguez and King of Visapor . 3. Kingdom of Bisnagar , on the S. E. of Decan ; 570 m. l. & 330 br . It contains six Provinces , viz. 1. Bisnagar or Narsinga , ch . T. Bisnagar . 2. Coromandel , ch . T. Maliapour , ( under its own Prince . ) 3. Canara , ch . T. St. Omar . 4. Gingi , ch . T. Gingi . 5. Tanjanor , ch . T. Tanjanor . 6. Madure , ( in which is the Pro. of Coru ) ch . T. Madure . It is chiefly under its own K. and others tributary to him . 4. Malabar , on the E. of Bisnagar ; 320 m. l. & 120 br . It contains the Kingdoms of , 1. Calicute , ch . T. Calicute . 2. Cananor , ch . T. Cananor . 3. Tanor , ch . T. Tanor . 4. Cranganor , ch . T. Cranganor . 5. Cochin , ch . T. Cochin . 6. Coulan , ch . T. Coulan . 7. Travencor , ch . T. Travencor . All under their own Naiques or Kings , except some places possessed by the Dutch , Portuguez and English. Calicute is the ch . T. of the whole . Rivers of chief note are , 1. Guengua , and , 2. Mudora . Chief Mountains are those called Balagatta . 8. India ex . Gangem . INdia beyond the River Ganges , is a knot of Kingdoms lying between the Mogul's Empire and China ; between the 133d and the 151st degr . of Lon. and between the first and the 34th degr . of Lat. being in length from the S. parts of Malacca to the borders of Tartary about 2000 miles ; and the breadth from Bengala to the borders of Quantung in China about 900 miles : by this account it contains some of the old Sina . As for the ancient Government , we can give no certain account ; at the present it is a barbarous Country , dismembred into a great many Estates under their own Kings and Governours , of which four or five are of considerable note . Besides these the Portuguez and Dutch have several places on the Coasts . The ch . T. of all is Pegu. The Inhabitants are chiefly Idolaters ; here are also some Mahomitans on the Coasts , and some Christians converted by the Jesuits . Their Language in Siam and Malacca is the Malaize , in some places the Chinean , in other places they have many different Tongues little known to us . Their chief Commodities are Gold , Silver , Precious Stones , Silks , Porcelline Earth , Aloes , Musk , Rhubarb , Alabaster , &c. Divided into six great parts , which are , 1. Kingdom of Barma or Brema , containing all the N. parts of this Country ; ch . T. are Brema and Ava . It contains many small Kingdoms tributary to the King of Barma , as , 1. Prom , 2. Calam , 3. Melinta , 4. Sirole , 5. Bacan , 6. Miranda , 7. Circangre , 8. Brema , 9. Caor , 10. Ava , and 11. Tangu . Of these there is little certainty . 2. Kingdom of Pegu , on the S. of Barma ; 600 m. l. & 350 br . It contains three Provinces , viz. 1. Kingdom of Arrachan , ( under the great Mogul ) ch . T. Arrachan . 2. Pegu , under its own King ; ch . T. Pegu. 3. Laos , under its own King ; in which are the Provinces of Iangoma , Curroy , and Leveu . 3. Kingdom of Tunquin ( in which is comprehended the Pro. of Ciracan ) on the E. of Pegu and S. of China ; 540 m. l. & 300 br . under its own King. Ch. T. is Tunquin . Here are said to be the Kingdoms of Ciucange or Caubang , Bao , and Lao , and the People called Maug , Timocoves , and Gueys , nigh China . 4. Kingdom of Cochin China , on the S. of Tunquin ; 500 m. l. & 210 br . Ch. T. are Turon and Haeso . It is partly under its own King and partly under the Portuguez . Here is also a Province called the Lays ; ch . T. — 5. Kingdom of Camboje or Cambodia , on the S. W. of Cochin China , about 510 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. is Camboje ; Ruled by its own King. Here lies also the Kingdom of Chiampa , said to be independent ; ch . T. Puto-Caceim . 6. Kingdom of Siam , on the E. of Pegu , 1080 m. l. & 340 br . It contains three Kingdoms , viz. 1. Martaban , ch . T. Martaban . 2. Siam , ch . T. Siam . 3. Malacca , ( anciently Aurea Chersonessus ) containing Malacca , Ienasseri , Iuncalaon , Quedda , Pera , Ihor , Puhang , Patane , Ligor , and Burdelong ; ch . T. the same . All under the King of Siam , Portuguez and Dutch. Siam is ch . T. of the whole . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Menin , 2. Ava , 3. Cosmite , and , 4. Caor . Here is the famous Lake of Chiamay . Principal Mountains that I find here are those called Kemois and Rumoy . 9. China . CHina , lies on the E. of the Indies , and on the S. of Tartary ; situated between the 141st and the 165th degr . of Lon. and between the 20th and the 41st and 40 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. E. parts of Leaotong , to the S.W. parts of Iunnan about 1560 miles , and in breadth from the N. W. parts of Xensi to the S. E. parts of Chekiang about 1300 miles , containing the greatest part of old Sina , now called by some Mangi ; by the Arabians , Tzinin ; by the neighbouring Countries , Sanglai ; by the Natives , Taine , and Taibinco ; and the Inhabitants , Tanges . It had its own King for many Ages , ( some say above 3000 years ) till conquered by the Tartars ; then again it had its own Kings , till of late again conquered by the Tartars , who still have it ; under which are 32 Princes , or petty Kings . There are also several Princes ( saith Gabriel Magailans ) which own no Superior . It is ( if we may credit the Jesuits Relations ) the most famous Country in the World. The ch . T. is Peking . The Inhabitants are Gentiles for the most part . Here are also some few Christians , converted by the Jesuits , but hardly suffered . Their Language differs from all others , having but 300 Words , and above 50000 Letters ; by which they express their minds with much vivacity and efficacy : they write right down from the top to the bottom . Their chief Commodities are Gold , Silver , Precious Stones , Quick-silver , Porcelline Dishes , Silks , Cottons , Rhubarb , Sugar , Camphire , Civet , Musk , Ginger , China-wood , &c. It contains 15 Provinces , which are , 1. Pecheli , or Peking , the most N. Province , bordering on Tartary ; 320 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. is Peking , or Xuntien . It is divided into 8 Countries , and has 131 Cities . 2. Xantung , on the S. E. of Pecheli ; 330 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. are Cinan and Cungoha●d . It is divided into 6 Countries , and has 51 Cities . 3. Honans , on the S. W. of Xantung ; 320 m. l. & 270 br . ch . T. are Caifung and Honan . It is divided into 9 Countries , and has 108 Cities . 4. Xansi , on the N. of Honan ; 360 m. l. & 190 br . ch . T. are Taiyven and Fuencheu . It is divided into 5 Countries , and has 86 Cities . 5. Xensi , on the W. of Xansi and Honan ; 580 m. l. & 480 br . ch . T. are Sigan and Socheu . It is divided into 8 Countries , and has 180 Cities . 6. Suchven , on the S. of Xensi ; 580 m. l. & 380 br . ch . T. are Chingtu and Queicheu . It is divided into 8 Countries , and has 150 Cities . 7. Huquang , on the E. of Suchven ; 550 m. l. & 320 br . ch . T. are Vnchang and Kiang . It is divided into 15 Countries , and has 100 Cities . 8. Nanking , on the E. of Huquang ; 390 m. l. & 360 br . ch . T. are Kiangning and Sucheu . It is divided into 14 Countries , and has 110 Cities . 9. Chekiang , on the S. E. of Nanking ; 280 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. are Hangcheu and Ningpo . It is divided into 11 Countries , and has 33 Cities . 10. Kiangsi , on the W. of Chekiang , and E. of Huquang ; 350 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. are Kienchang and Nauchang . It is divided into 13 Countries , and has 67 Cities . 11. Fokien , on the S. E. of Kiangsi ; 350 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. are Foken , Hingko and Xu . It is divided into 8 Countries , and has 60 Cities . 12. Quantung , on the S. E. of Fokien ; 600 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. are Quangcheu , and Chaoking . It is divided into 10 Countries , ( the Isle Ha●an being one ) and has 80 Cities . 13. Quangsi , on the N. W. of Quantung ; 400 m. l. & 250 br . ch . T. is Queilin . It is divided into 11 Countries , and has 98 Cities . 14. Queicheu , on the N. W. of Quangsi ; 310 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. is Queiyang . It is divided into 8 Countries , and has 81 Cities . 15. Iunnan , on the W. of Queicheu and Quangsi ; 400 m. l. and 220 br . ch . T. is Iunnan . It is divided into 12 Countries , and has 87 Cities . Besides these , here are the Territories of Leaotong , on the E. of Pecheli , ch . T. Leaotong ; and the Peninsula of Coreo , ch . T. Kiangyvan . Rivers of principal note are three , viz. 1. Kiang , 2. Croceus , and , 3. Ta. 10. Oriental Islands . THE Oriental Islands are a vast number of Isles of all sorts , ( some say 150000 in number ) lying on the E. and S. E. parts of Asia . The Inhabitants are for the most part Gentiles . The Language in Iapan is one of its own ; in Sumatra , Iava , and Moluccoes , they speak the Malaize . Here are also several other Tongues little known to us . They are under a great many of their own Kings and Princes : Also the English , Dutch , Portuguez , Spaniards , and French , have considerable shares in those parts . They may be divided into , 1. Iapan , on the E. of China , distant from it 210 miles , being 710 m. l. & 200 br . It contains five Provinces , viz. 1. Iamaysoit , ch . T. Naugalo . 2. Ietzengo , ch . T. Meaco . 3. Ietzegen , ch . T. Cauga . 4. Quanta , ch . T. Iedo . And , 5. Ocliva , ch . T. Ximosin . Meaco is ch . T. of the whole . It is governed by its own King , who is a very great and potent Prince . Here are also many other lesser Isles which belong to Iapan ; as , 1. Ximo , ch . T. Figen . 2. Xicoum , ch . T. Xiowith ; and others of less note . 2. Philippine Islands , which are a great knot of Isles lying on the S. W. of Iapan , right a-against India extra Gangem . The chief of them are , 1. Luconia , 480 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. are Manilla and Luconia . 2. Mindanao , 420 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. is Mindanao . Others are , 3. Paragoa , 4. Mindora , 5. Tandaya , 6. Ivan , with a great number of lesser not worth naming . These belong chiefly to the Spaniards . 3. Molucca Islands , another knot of Islands on the S. of the Philippine Islands . The chief are , 1. Celebes , 580 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. are Celebes and Macascar . 2. Gilolo , ch . T. Gilolo . 3. Ceram . 4. Timor . 5. Flores . 6. The Isles of Banda . 7. Proper Moluccas . 8. Amboyna . These are subject to the Dutch , English , and several other Princes that are Natives . 4. Borneo , a large Island , on the W. of Celebes , of a round form , being about 650 m. l. & 600 br . ch . T. are Borneo , Laus and Bendermassin . It is divided chiefly between the two Kings of Laus and Borneo . 5. Iava , on the S. W. of Borneo , 600 m. l. & 120 br . ch . T. are Materan , Batavia , and Banr●m . It is under several Kings , as Materan , Bantam , Iapore , Tuban , Iottan , Panarucan , and Palambuam , most Homagers to the K. of Materan . 6. Sumatra , on the N. W. of Iava , under the Aequator , as is Borneo ; 900 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. is Achem. It is ruled by five or six as Achem , Camper ▪ Iambi , Menacabo , and Palimban . Achem is the principal . 7. Ceilon , on the borders of India intra Gangem , of a roundish form , 250 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. are Candea and Chilao . Divided between the Dutch and several little Kings , of which he of Candea is chief . 8. The Maldives , a vast number of very small Islands on the S. W. of Ceilon , chief of which is Male. They are dispersed into thirteen Provinces , or Atollons , under its own King. Thus much for ASIA . III. AFRICA . AFRICA has on the North the Mediterranian Sea ; on the West , the Atlantick or Western Ocean ; on the South , the Ethiopian or Southern Ocean ; on the East , the Oriental Ocean ; and on the N. East , the Red Sea , which with an Isthmus of 110 miles parts it from Asia . It is a Peninsula , and the greatest in the World ; situated between the 3d and the 83d and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 35th and 30 min. of N. and the 35th and 10 min. of S. Lat. being in length from Cape Verde in Negroland , to Cape Guadafu in Ajan about 4800 miles ; and in breadth from Cape de Boni in Barbary , to the Cape of Good Hope about 4200 miles ; anciently called Hesperia Olympia , Ammonis , Ortygia , Escha●●ca , and Eoriphe , and now Africa ; by the Aethiopians , Alkabulam , and by the Indians , Besecath . It is greater than Europe , and lesser than Asia , but not so considerable as either , being in many places full of vast Deserts and unhabitable places , some parts so little known , that we can give but an uncertain account of them . Here are also many remarkable Beasts and Birds , not so common in other places , as Elephants , Crocodiles , Lions , Leopards , &c. The Religions may be reduced to five general Heads , viz. 1. Mahomitan , 2. Pagan , or Gentilism , 3. Iewish , 4. Christian , and , 5. Libertinism ; the two first are most predominant . The Languages are chiefly six , viz. 1. Arabick , 2. Hitbissine , 3. Egyptian , 4. that called Aqueamerig , 5. that called Sungai , and , 6. that called Gubio . The Iews speak the Chaldean or Syriack . It is under the Government of three Emperours ; viz. Abissina , Morocco , and Monomo●apa ; many inferior Kings ; the Turks , who have a considerable part ; and several of the Europeans , as Portuguez , English , Dutch , and French. Rivers of principal note are four ; viz. 1. Nile , 2. Niger , 3. Zaire , and , 4. Zembre . Greatest Mountains are , 1. Aiducal , or Atlas , 2. Christal Mountains , 3. Amara , 4. Sierra Leona , 5. Mount Table , and , 6. Pike of Tenneriff . Lakes of chief note are , 1. Zaire , 2. Zafflan , 3. Niger , 4. Borno , and , 5. Guarda . Africa is divided into twelve parts ; viz. 1. Egypt , 2. Barbary , 3. Biledulgerid , 4. Sarra , 5. Nabia , 6. Negroland , 7. Guinea , 8. Congo , 9. Abissina , 10. Zanguebar , 11. Monomotapa , and , 12. Cafferia ; besides the Isles . 1. Egypt . EGypt is the most N. E. Country in Africa , bordering on Asia , and lying between Barbary , Biledulgerid , and the Red Sea ; situated between the 59th and 20 min. and the 67th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 21st and 30 min. and the 31st and 50 min. of Lat. being in length from Alexandra to Buge about 730 miles , and the breadth from the borders of Biledulgerid to Zibeth about 380 miles . It was anciently called by the names of Miseraim , the Land of Ham , Aeria , Potamia , Ogygia , Melampodus and Osyria ; now by the Turks , Miser and El-kebit ; by the Arabians , Mesra and Bardamasser ; by the Inhabitants , Chebili ; and by the Italians and Spaniards , l' Egitto . It first had its own Kings ; conquered by the Persians ; soon after by the Macedonians ; then again it had its own Kings ; then conquered by the Romans ; afterwards by the Saracens ; then it had its own Princes again , till at last wholly conquered by the Turks , who still have it . Governed by a Beglerbog , residing at Cairo . This , together with the greatest part of Barca , make up that part of the Turkish Empire which is called the Government of Miser or Cairo . The Inhabitants are Copti , Moors , Arabians , Turks , Iews and Greeks , and are chiefly Mahomitans . Here are also some Christians , called Copti , Iacobites in Sect , but differing from them and all others in many Points . Their Language is chiefly Arabick and Turkish , and in some places the Egyptian or Coptick , whose Writing is little different from the ancient Greek . Their chief Commodities are Sugar , Flax , Rice , all sorts of Grains and Fruits , Linnen Cloth , Salt , Balsom , Butargio , Senna , Cassia , &c. It is divided into four parts , which are , 1. Erif , or the Lower Egypt , the most N. Province , containing the old Proper Egypt and Augusticana . Divided into four Caciefs or Governments ; viz. 1. Caliobeck ; ch . T. Alexandria . 2. Menofia ; ch . T. Rosetta . 3. Garbia , ch . T. Dametta : And , 4. Mansouria ; ch . T. Mansouria . The ch . T. of the whole is Alexandria . 2. Bechria , Demisor , or Middle Egypt , on the S. of Erif , or Lower Eg●pt , containing the greatest part of the ancient Arcadia ; ch . T. are Cairo and Sues . In this is included the Cacief of Vium ; ch . T. Vium . 3. Sahid , or Upper Egypt , on the S. of Bechria , part of old Thebais . Divided into ●ive Caciefs ; viz. 1. Benesuef ; ch . T. Benesuef . 2. Cherkeffi ; ch . T. Mansloth . 3. Manfelout ; ch . T. Manfelout . 4. Girgio , or Sahid ; ch . T. Sahid , and Asna . 5. Minio ; ch . T. Minio . Ch. T. of all is Sahid . 4. Coast of the Red Sea , that part which borders on the Red Sea , on the E. of Sahid , containing part of ancient Thebais and Arcadia ; ch . T. are Cossir , Zibith , and Buge . The only River of note is Nile , dividing this Country in two , the most famous River in the World. Chief Mountains are those which were anciently called Montes Lybici . Principal Lakes are two ; viz. 1. Mareotis , now Antacon . 2. Meeris , now Buchiarea . 2. Barbary . BArbary is the most considerable Country in Africa , lying on the W. of Egypt along the Mediterranian Sea , and together with it , contains all the N. parts of Africa . Situated between the 8th and the 60th degr . of Lon. and between the 28 and 25 min. and the 35th and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Morocco to the E. parts of Barca about 2760 miles , and in breadth in the widest parts not 300 miles , and in several places but 60 miles . It was sometimes called Africa , and contains those Provinces which the Romans called Mauritania , Numedia , Africa Propria , Byzacenia , Tripolitana , Cyrenaica , and Marmarica . It was anciently a great part of it under the State of Carthage , till conquered by the Romans ; afterwards by the Vandals ; then again by the Emperours , till conquered by the Sarazens ; after that divided into several Kingdoms , till at last the Turk conquered part of it ; so that it is under several ; the Xeriffs or Emperours of Morocco have the Western parts ; the Turks the Eastern ; the Spaniards and Portuguez several Towns on the Coasts ; and some keep their freedom . The ch . T. of all is Fez. The Inhabitants are all Mahomitans ( except the Europeans ) and very zealous in their Religion . Their Language is for the most part the Arabick , but in Fez and Morocco , and in some few other places they use that called Aquil-amerig or the Noble Language , the same with the Punick or old African , intermixed with some Arabick words . The chief Commodities are Honey , Wax , Oyl , Sugar , Flax , Hemp , Hides , Marokins or Cordavans , Dates , Almonds , Mantles , Alheicks , &c. It is divided into six parts , which are , 1. Kingdom of Morocco , the most W. Province , 340 m. l. & 200 br . anciently called Mauritania Sitisensis . It contains seven Provinces , viz. 1. Sus , ch . T. Taradant . 2. Guzula , ch . T. Guzula . 3. Morocco , ch . T. Morocco . 4. Hea , ch . T. Tednest . 5. Hascora , ch . T. Elmadin● . 6. Tedles , ch . T. Tefza . 7. Ducala , ch . T. Azamin . Ch. T. of all is Morocco . 2. Kingdom of Fez , on the N. E. of Morocco , 360 m. l. & 230 br . anciently called Mauritania Tingitana . It contains seven Provinces , viz. 1. Temefs●●e , ch . T. Rabat . 2. Fez , ch . T. Fez and Salla . 3. Asgar , ch . T. Larache and Cascar Elkabes . 4. Habat , ch . T. Tanger , Arzilla and Ceuta . 5. Errif , ch . T. Iasaon . 6. Garret , ch . T. Melilla : And , 7. Chaus , ch . T. Tezza . Ch. T. of all is Fez. These two Kingdoms are under the Xeriffs of Morocco , except the Coasts which are chiefly subject to the Spaniards and Portuguez . 3. Kingdom of Algiers , on the E. of Fez , 690 m. l. & 260 br . anciently called Mauritania Caesariensis , partly under the Turks . It contains five Provinces , viz. 1. Telensin or Tremisen , ch . T. Tremisen and Oran . 2. Tenes , ch . T. Tenes . 3. Algiers , ch . T. Algiers . In this lies the Kingdom of Couco , a seperate K. ch . T. Couco . 4. Bugia , ch . T. Bugia . In this is Lubez , a seperate Estate , ch . T. Calar . 5. Constantina , an independent Kingdom , containing three parts , viz. Constantina , ch . T. Constantina ; Tebessa , ch . T. Tebessa ; and Bona , ch . T. Bona. Constantina and Bugia made the Roman Numidia . 4. Kingdom of Tunis , on the E. of Algiers , 300 m. l. & 200 br . anciently called Africa Propria ( in which was the famous City of Carthage ) . It contains six Provinces , viz. 1. Biserta , ch . T. Biserta . 2. Goletta , ch . T. Tunis and Goletta . 3. Sousa , ch . T. Sousa . 4. Elmadia , ch . T. Elmadine . 5. Beija , ch . T. Beija : And , 6. Cairoan , ch . T. Cairoan . This Province is under the Turks . 5. Kingdom of Tripoli , on the E. of Tunis , 690 m. l. & 150 br . anciently called Tripolitana , ch . T. are Tripoli , Lebada and Capis . In this is included the Province of Ezzaab , which contains another called Mesurata , ch . T. Mesurata . This Province is also under the Turks ; who have but little benefit as from Algiers and Tunis . 6. Kingdom of Barca , on the E. of Tripoli , 700 m. l. & 150 br . It contains all the ancient Cyranaica and Lybia Marmarica , ch . T. are Barca , Cairoan and Tolomesa . Part of it is now joyned with Egypt , which together ( as I said before ) make up the Government of Miser or Cairo . Rivers of chiefest note are four , 1. Guadebar , 2. Major , 3. Nachan , and , 4. Ommiriboli . Chief Mountains are the Mountains of Atlas or Aiducal , which part this Country from Biledulgerid . 3. Biledulgerid . BIledulgerid or the Country of Dates , is a large but inconsiderable Country on the S. of Barbary and W. of Egypt ; situated between the 5th and the 60th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 21st and 45 min. and the 32d degr . of Lat. being in length from the Atlantick Ocean to the borders of Egypt about 3000 miles , and not 450 broad in the widest place , and in some places not above 100. It contains that part of the ancient Lybia Interior which was called ( not the Roman ) Numidia . It remained unconquered till Anno 710. It was overcome by the Saracens , but afterwards left again ; so that it is now under several petty Princes and Arabian Chiefs , many of them pay some acknowledgment to the Xeriffs of Morocco ; in some places they have scarcely any Government at all . Ch. T. is Dara . The Inhabitants are for the most part Mahomitans , brought in Anno 710 , a great many are still Idolaters . Their Language is chiefly the Arabick , but in some places towards Barbary , they use the Punick or old African . The only Commodities that I find are Dates . It contains ten Provinces , which are , 1. Tesset or Sus , the most W. Province , 720 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. are Tesset and Buzadora , chiefly under Morocco . 2. Dara , on the N. E. of Tesset , 210 m. l. & 145 br . ch . T. Dara . 3. Segelmessa , on the E. of Dara , 380 m. l. & 370 br . ch . T. Segelmessa . It is under several small Estates . Here are included the Pr. of Taffilet and Farcala . 4. Tegorarin , on the E. of Segelmissa , 220 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. Tegorarin . 5. Zeb , on the E. of Tegorarin , ch . T. Teulachar . 6. Mezzab , on the S. of Zeb , ch . T. Mezzab . 7. Techort , on the S. E. of Mezzab , 270 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. Techort . 8. Guargala , on the E. of Techort , 200 m. l. & 100 br . ch . T. Guargala . This and Techort have their own Kings , but tributary to Algiers . 9. Biledulgerid , on the N. E. of Guargala , 980 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. Caphesa . Here are also , 1. the Estates of Fezzan , ch . T. Fezzan . 2. Gadenses , ch . T. Gadenses : And , 3. Teoreger , ch . T. Teoreger . 10. Deserts of Barca , on the E. of Biledulgerid , 760 m. l. & 450 br . ch . T. ( if there be any ) is Ammon . The S. parts are called the Deserts of Lybia or Eleocat . Rivers of greatest note are , 1. Dara , and , 2. Zizus . Mountains of chiefest account are those of Atlas . 4. Sarra . THE Deserts of Sarra or Zaara lies on the S. of Biledulgerid , situated between the 4th and the 56th degr . of Lon. and between the 12th and the 28th degr . of Lat. being in length from the Atlantick Ocean to the E. parts of Gaoga about 2840 miles , and in breadth from the N. parts of Berdoa , to the S. parts of Borno about 780 miles , in some places but 240 , in others but 120 miles . It contains that part of the ancient Lybia Interior , called Deserta . We can hear little of it in former times concerning Government , being so mean and inconsiderable : It has now several petty Princes and inferior Lords , with some Arabian Chiefs . The ch . T. of the whole is Zuenziga . The Inhabirants are Mahomitans and Gentiles with some Libertines , who have not the least signs of Religion or Worship . Their Language , Arabick and Punick , and in some places that of the Negroes . Their only Commodities are Dates and Cattel . It contains seven Desarts , which are , 1. Desart of Zanhaga , ( which includes the Desarts of Azaod and Araban ) the most W. Province , 680 m. l. & 270 br . ch . T. Tegassa . 2. Desart of Zuenziga , on the E. of Zanhaga , 420 m. l. & 310 br . It contains three Desarts , viz. 1. Zuenziga , ch . T. Zuenziga . 2. Ghir , ch . T. Ghir : And , 3 Gogden . 3. Desart of Targa or Zaghara , on the E. of Zuenziga , 500 m. l. 390 br . It contains three Desarts , viz. 1. Targa , ch . T. Targa . 2. Hair , ch . T. Hair : And , 3. Ignid , ch . T. Ignid . 4. Desart of Lemta , on the E. of Targa , 720 m. l. & 450 br . ch . T. are Lemta and Suma . 5. Desart and Kingdom of Berdoa , on the E. of Lemta , 560 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. Berdoa . This Prov. is ( as I take it ) under its own King. 6. Desart and Kingdom of Borno , on the S. of Berdoa , 680 m. l. & 600 br . ch . T. Borno . This Province is under its own King. 7. Desart and Kingdom of Gaoga , on the N. E. of Borno , 510 m. l. 280 br . ch . T. Gaoga . This is also under its own King. Rivers of greatest note are , 1. Ghir , and , 2. Rio de Cavollos . Principal Mountains are those called Girgiris . Chief Lakes are Borno and Targa . 5. Nubia . THE Kingdom of Nubia , is a considerable Country on the S. W. of Egypt , and S. of the Desarts of Barca , between Sarra and Abissina . Situated between the 48th and 20 min. and the 65th and 40 min. of Lon. and between the 10th and 5 min. and the 23d and 5 min. of Lat. being in length from the borders of Egyp● to the borders of Biafara about 1080 miles and the breadth about 650 miles : According to this situation , it is a part of the ancient Lybia . How it was in ancient times , we can tell b●● little . At present we hear it is governed by it own Kings , who , as some say , have a very grea● Power , and able to raise a vast number of Soldiers . His S●at is at Nubia . The Inhabitants are both Mahomitans and Pagans , but yet retain some signs of Christianity , as Baptism in some places . They have a Language which seems to be made up of Arabick , Chaldean and Egyptian . The chief Commodities are Gold , Civet Sanders , Sugar , Ivory , Arms , and a most subtile Poison , an Ounce of which is valued at 100 Ducates . It is so little known to us , that I cannot find how it is divided , but I find the names of 8 Provinces , viz. 1. Gorham , ch . T. Gorham . 2. Cusa , ch . T. Cusa . 3. Nubia , ch . T. Nubia . 4. Dancala , ch . T. Dancala . 5. Ialac , ch . T. Ialac . 6. Bughia , ch . T. Bughia . 7. Canfila , ch . T. Canfila : And , 8. Dafila , ch . T. Dafila . Rivers of greatest note are Nile and Nubia . 6. Negroland . NEgroland lies on the E. of Sarra , and on the N. Guinea . Situated between the 3d and the 44th and 20 min. of Lon. and between the 8th and 25 min. and the 23d and 30 min. of Lat. being in length from Cape Verde to the E. parts of Zanfara , about 2400 miles , and in breadth from the N. parts of Gualata to the S. parts of Melli 920 , and in some places but 400 miles . It is a part of the ancient Lybia Interior , now sometimes called Nigritia and the Land of Blacks . We heard little of it till conquered by Ioseph King of Morocco , then by the five Nations of Lybia Deserta , but the Inhabitants again recovered their Liberty , and instituted several Kings of their own . So at present it is under many Kings , but three or four have the greatest power , to which the rest are for the most part tributary . The Portuguez and Hollanders have some of the Coasts . The ch . T. of the whole is Tombute . The Inhabitants are in some places Mahomitans , in others very simple Idolaters ; here are also some Jews and Christians in the European Towns. Their Language is for the most part that which is called Sungai , which has many Idioms ; they use in some places that called Gubeo ; in Gualata they have one of their own . Their chief Commodities are Ostridge Feathers , Gums , Amber , Gold , Sanders , Civet , &c. It contains thirteen Kingdoms , which are , 1. Gualata , the most N. W. Province , 480 m. l. & 275 br . ch . T. Gaudia . In this are comprehended two others ▪ viz. 1. Azanagi , ch . T. Arguin ; and , 2. Hoden , ch . T. Hodia . This Province is under its own King. 2. Genehea , on the S. of Gualata , 320 m l. & 240 br . ch . T. Genehoa . The King of this Province is Tributary to the K. of Tombute . 3. Tombute , on the E. of Genehoa and Gualata , 660 m. l. & 440 br . ch . T. Tombute . It is under its own King who has considerable Dominions . 4. Agades , on the E. of Tombute , 6oo m. l. & 330 br . ch . T. are Agades and Deghir . Under Tombute . 5. Cano , on the E. of Agades , 560 m. l. & 340 br . ch . T. is Cano. Under Tombute . 6. Cassena , on the E. of Cano , 420 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. is Cassena . Under Tombute . 7. Gangara , on the E. of Cassena , 570 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. Gangara . It is under the K. of Borno in Sarra . These seven Provinces lie on the N. side of the Niger ; those of the S. side are , 8. Zanfara , on the S. of Gangara , 650 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. Zanfara . Under Tombute . 9. Zegzeg , on the W. of Zanfara , 320 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. Zegzeg . Under Tombute . 10. Guber , on the W. of Zegzeg , 420 m. l. & 115 br . ch . T. is Guber . Under Tombute . 11. Gago , on the W. of Guber , 440 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. Gago . Under Tombute . 12. Mandinga , on the W. of Gago , 410 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. Mandinga . Under its own King. 13. Melli , on the W. of Mandinga , 380 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. Melli. It is tributary to Tombute , and includes the Province of Cantori , ch . T. Cantori . Besides these , between the branches of the Niger , lie two or three little Provinces , as , 1. Gambia , ch . T. Gambia , 2. Biafares , ch . T. Biafares , and , 3. Ialofes , ch . T. Budomel , and Emboul . The only River of note is the famous Niger , dividing this Country into two parts . Principal Mountain is that of Cape Verde . Lakes of greatest account are reckoned , 1. , Gaurda , and , 2. Borno . 7. Guinea . GVinea lies along the Sea , on the S. of Negroland , by some counted a part thereof . Situated between the 9th and the 33d . degr . of Lon. and between the 4th and 40 min. and the 12th and 25th min. of Lat. being in length from Siera Leona , to the E. parts of Benin , about 1800 miles , and the breadth from North to South not 400 miles . The Fortunes of it has been much the same with the rest of Negroland ; so that the present Government is under many petty Lords , who are for the most part tributary to the Kings of Mandinga in Negroland , and also to some of the Europeans , as English , Danes , Dutch , and Portuguez . The ch . T. is Arda . The Inhabitants are for the most part gross Idolaters , every one making a God of their own . Here are also some Mahomitans and Christians of the Europeans . They most commonly use the Language called Gubeo . Their chief Commodities are Gold , Ivory , Hides , Wax , Ambergrease , Guinea Pepper , Red Wood , Sugar , Civet , Sanders , &c. It contains 4 parts , which are , 1. Malegvette , the most W. Province , 440 m. l. & 230 br . ch . T. are Timau and Bygos . 2. Guinea , on the E. of Malegvette , 830 m. l. & 360 br . ch . T. are St. George de Mina , Moure , and Gr. Acara . Here are the K. of Fetu , Acania & Sabou . 3. Kingdom of Arda , on the E. of Guinea , 300 m. l. & 100 br . ch . T. are Arda and Daroera . Under its own King. 4. Kingdom of Benin , on the E. of Arda , 720 m. l. & 400 br . ch . T. are Benin , Cosfo , and Iackeyn . Rivers of greatest note are , 1. Volsa , and , 2. Seviriada . Chief Mountain is that of Siera Leona . Principal Lake is that called Curamo . 8. Congo . COngo in the largest extent lies towards the S. E. of Guinea , between Abissina and the Ocean . Situated between the 33d and 20 min. and the 49th degr . of Lon. and between the 13th and 20 min. of N. and the 14th and 40 min. of S. Lat. the whole length from North to South is about 1750 miles , and the breadth from East to West about 840 miles . It is part of the ancient Aethiopia Inferior , sometimes called by the name of Manicongo . How it was governed formerly we know not , but at present it is chiefly under the government of the King of Congo , besides several other inferior Governments ; some part is under the Portuguez . Ch. T. is St. Salvador . The Inhabitants are for the most part Idolaters , unless some few Christians converted by the Portuguez . They commonly speak that Tongue called Gubeo , a Language little known to us . The chief Commodities are Ebony , Ivory and Slaves . It is divided into 6 parts , which are , 1. Kingdom of Biafara , the most N. Province , 1200 m. l. & 750 br . ch . T. are Biafara and Medra . Under this Name are comprehended , 1. Biafara , 2. Medra , 3. Majuc , 4. Gabon , 5. Macoco , and , 6. Giring bomba . These are little known . 2. Kingdom of Loango , on the S. of Biafara , 400 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. Loango . Under its own King. 3. Anzacana , on the E. of Loango , 330 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. — It is a free Estate . 4. Kingdom of Congo , on the S. of Anzacana and Loango , 600 m. l. & 400 br . It contains 8 Provinces , viz. 1. Pemba , ch . T. St. Salvador . 2. Bamba , ch . T. Bamba , 3. Songo , ch . T. Songo , 4. Cacongo , 5. Batta , 6. Sunda , 7. Cangva , and 8. Pango , ch . T. the same . It is partly under its own K. partly under the Portuguez , and partly free . 5. Giaquez , on the E. of Congo , ch . T. Zaire . 6. K. of Angola , on the S. of Congo , 54 m. l. & 360 br . ch . T. Angola . It is under its own King. River of chiefest note is that called Zaire , a very large River . Chief Mountains are , 1. Christal Mountains , 2. Salt-petre Hill , and , 3. Mountains of the Sun. Chief Lake , besides that famous one of Zaire , is that called Aqua lunda . 9. Abissina . UNder the Name of Abissina I comprehend all those Provinces which lie between Congo , Nubia , Zanguebar and Monomotapa . Situated between the 48th and the 74th degr . of Lon. and between the 20th of N. and the 14th of S. Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Barnagasso , to the borders of Monomugi about 2100 miles , and the breadth from the borders of Medra to the borders of Adel about 1500 miles . It contains the greatest part of the ancient Aethiopia Superior , called sometimes Ludim , Aetheria , and Atlantia , now Abissina or Abissinea ; by the Italians , Habascia ; by the French , Habech , and by the Germans , Shabath or Hhabash . It has been for many Ages and is still subject to its own Emperours , which are often called the Emperours of Prester Iohn . It was partly conquered by the Romans , and now of late very much impaired by the Turks , Arabians and the neighbouring Princes on every side , several of the parts have their own Princes , so that not above one half is under its own Emperours . The Imperial Seat is supposed to be at Chaxumo . The Inhabitants are for the most part Christians , ( which is much in Africa ) having many Iewish Ceremonies , and differing from all others in many Points . Their Language is the Habassine , which is said to have much of the Arabick in it . In some few places they speak the Arabick . The chief Commodities are Gold , Metals , some Gems , Corn , Cattel , Salt , Flax , Wines , Sugar-Canes , &c. The Provinces are , 1. Barnagasso , the most N. Province , 420 m. l. & 340 br . ch . T. are Barva and Carna . Here are three others , viz. Cire , Canfila and Dafila , ( the two last said to be in Nubia ) . 2. Tigremahon , on the S. of Barnasso , 380 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. are Chacumo and Sabrain . 3. Angot , on the S. of Barnagasso , 500 m. l. & 460 br . ch . T. are Angot and Iugabella . 4. Bagamedri , on the W. of Angot , lying along the Nile , ch . T. are Coquette and Temei . 5. Belegvanse , on the E. of Bagamedri , ch . T. Belegvanse ▪ 6. Amara , on the S. of Belegvanse , ch . T. Amara . Here are also a great many others , as , 7. Dobas , 8. Faligar , 9. Gamo , 10. Xao , 11. Gora , 12. Gemen , 13. Gazabela , 14. Tirat , 15. Fungis , 16. Zet , 17. Cafates , 18. Quara , 19. Agag , 20. Nova , 21. Ambiam , 22. Damut , 23. Dambea , 24. Vangoe , 25. Oxia , 26. Ambiancantiva , 27. Ximenche , 28. Sova , ch . T. are mostly the same again . These are little known , neither is there are any Country that I am so little satisfied withal as this . Principal Rivers are the Nile and several others that fall into it . Chief Mountains are Amara , and Lamalmona . Lakes of principal account are , 1. Zaire , 2. Zafflan , and , 3. Niger . 10. Zanguebar . ZAnguabar , taken in the largest extent , lies along the Red Sea and the Oriental Ocean ; on the E. of Abissina , and reaches from the 22 degr . of N. to the 17th and 45 min. of S. Lat. so if it be measured from the borders of Egypt , to the most S. parts , it will be about 3000 miles but the breadth in the widest place is not above 360 miles , and in some places but 60 miles . It contains part of the ancient Aethiopia , and a great part of it went by the name of Barbary . Some part of it was formerly under the Aethiopian Empire ; but the Government at present is under divers petty Princes , and some of the N. parts under the Turks . The ch . T. of the whole is Mosambique . Inhabitants are for the most part Idolaters , with some few Christians and Mahomitans . Their Language is chiefly the Habassine , and in many places the Arabick . Their chief Commodities are Rice , Mill , Cattel , Lemons , Citrons , &c. divided into three principal parts , which are , 1. The Coast of Abex , the most N. Province , lying along the Red Sea , 1080 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. is Erecco . The N. parts are under the Turks , and go by the name of the Government of Habeleth ; in the S. parts is the Kingd . of Dangali , once part of Abissina , ch . T. Degbeldara . 2. The Coast of Ajan , belonging partly to the Portuguez , on the E. and S. of Abex , 1140 m. l. & 360 br . It contains , 1. The Kingd . of Adel , ch . T. Adel. 2. K. of Adea , ch . T. Adea . These two are under their own Kings . 3. K. of Magadoxa , ch . T. Magadoxa ; it has a Mahomitan King. 4. Common-wealth of Brava , ch . T. Brava , the ch . T. of the whole . 3. Zanguebar , on the S. W. of Ajan , 1120 m. l. & 340 br . It contains four Provinces , viz. 1. Melinda , ch . T. Melinda . It contains the Estates of Lamon , ch . T. Lamon and Pata , ch . T. Pata . 2. Mombaze , under the Portuguez , ch . T. Mombaze . 3. Quiloa , tributary to the Portugals , ch . T. Quiloa . 4. Mosambique , chiefly under the Portuguez , ch . T. Mosambique . Here are also some other Provinces not well discovered . Principal Rivers are , 1. Magadoxo , 2. Iugo , and Zambuze . 11. Monomotapa . THE Empire of Monomotopa , lies on the S. W. of Zanguebar , and S. of Abissina , being almost incompassed with Cafferia . Situated between the 43d and 45 min. and 62 degr . of Lon. and between the 11th and 10th min. and the 31st degr . of S. Lat. being in length from the N. E. to the most S. parts 1350 miles , and the breadth about 780 miles . It is a part of the ancient Aethiopia Inferior , sometimes called Benemotana and Benemotaxa . How it was governed formerly we know not , but it is now chiefly under its own Emperour , who is the most considerable Prince in all these parts , having many others tributary to him . The ch . T. is Monomotapa . The Inhabitants are chiefly Idolaters , with some Mahomitans , and ( as I take it ) some Christians lately converted . Their Language , as far as I can understand , is that called Gubio . Their chief Commodities are Gold , Silver , Ivory , Rice , Milk , Oyl , &c. Divided into two great parts , viz. 1. Kingd . of Monumugi , on the N. 780 m. l. 570 br . It has , 1. Chicova , ch . T. Chicova . 2. Moca , ch . T. Luanza-Feira . 3. Inhabaze , ch . T. Morango . 4. Sacumbe , ch . T. Estevan : And , 5. Galas , ch . T. Zembre , the ch . of the whole . 2. Monomotapa it self containing all the S. parts , 1050 m. l. and 800 br . It contains , 1. Monomotapa , ch . T. Monomotapa . 2. Butua , ch . T. Butua : And , 3. Manica , ch . T. Matana-Feira . Rivers of chiefest note are four , viz. 1. Zambre , 2. Zambaze , 3. Riode Spirito Sancto , and , 4. Los Infantos . Chief Mountains are those called Magvice . The principal Lake is that called Lachaf . 12. Cafferia . CAfferia , or the Land of Libertines , contains the most Southern parts of all Africa , almost incircling Monomotapa . It extends from Zanguebar to Congo along the Coasts about 3600 miles ; the breadth in the widest place not above 400 miles , in some places not above 130. It is part of old Aethiopia Inferior . The Caffers have not the least sign of Religion or Worship , living without both Law and Government . Their Language such as no man could ever understand but themselves , being so inarticulate , it resembles the Clucking of Hens and Gabling of Turkies . They have no Town , so nothing is here remarkable but the Cape of Good Hope , being the most Southern Point in all Africa . Under the name of Cafferia , in the extent before mentioned , are included , besides Cafferia it self , the Kingdoms of , 1. Quietera , ch . T. Mongalo . 2. Sofala , ch . T. Sofala . 3. Sodanda , ch . T. Bocra . 4. Chicanga , ch . T. Milan . These lie on the E. of Monomotapa . There are two others on the W. as , 5. Malemba , ch . T. Debzan ; and , 6. Mataman . These are most of them Tributaries to the Emperour of Monomotapa . Ch. T. of the whole is Sofala . Rivers of chief note are three , viz. 1. Zembre , 2. Riode Spirito Sancto , and , 3. Los Infantos . Principal Mountain is that called Mount Table at the Cape of Good Hope . Islands . THE Africk Isle are chiefly , 1. Madagascar , or the Isle of St. Laurence , a famous Isle against Zanguebar , about 1050 m. l. & 300 br . divided among several Princes little known to us . The French have some parts ; ch . T. that we know , are Fanshere and Caremboule . 2. Canary Isles , on the Coast of Biledulgerid , belonging to the Spaniards , famous for their excellent Wines : They are 7 in number , viz. 1. Lancerota , 2. Forte Ventura , 3. Canaria , 4. Teneriff , 5. Palma , 6. Ferro , and , 7. Gomera . 3. Islands of Cape Verde , right against Cape Verde in Negroland , under the Portuguez ; in number 10 , viz. 1. St. Iago , 2. St. Anthony , 3. St. Vincent , 4. St. Luce , 5. St. Nicolas , 6. Isle of Sale , 7. Bonavista , 8. Mago , 9. Isle de Fuego , and , 10. Brava . 4. Other Isles are , 1. Zocotara , nigh Adel , ch . T. Zocotara , 2. St. Hellens , under the English , 3. Annobon , 4. St. Thomas , 5. Princes Isle , these three are under the Portuguez , 6. Funando , 7. St. Matthews , 8. Assention , with some others of less note . Thus much for AFRICA . IV. AMERICA . AMERICA hath on the East , the main Atlantick or Western Ocean ; on the West , the Pacifick Ocean or Mar del Zur ; on the South , wherein ends in a Cone the Magalanick Streights ; the Nothern bounds are yet undiscovered . The known parts are situated between the 240th and 348th degr . of Lon. and between the 63d of N. and the 55th of S. La● . being in length from Huson's Streights to those of Magilanica about 7000 miles , and the breadth from the W. parts of Peru to the E. parts of Brasil about 3360 miles , in the middle not above 60 miles . It goes by the name of the New World , and also the West Indies . It was found out by Christopher Columbus , a Genoese , Anno 1490. It is plentifully stored with all Spices and Fruits , and blest with such abundance of Gold , that in many of their Mines they found more Gold than Earth . It has also many rich Commodities , and also many Creatures of strange shapes and natures , altogether unknown in these parts . The Religions and Languages that are used here are mostly the same with the Europeans that govern these parts , except the unconverted Natives , who are most commonly Gentiles , yet have some dark Notions of the Soul's Immortality , and the Rewards and Punishments after this Life . They have almost as many Tongues as Villages , but those of Mexico and Cusco are understood in almost all parts of America . I would not have the Reader expect that I should speak of the Religions and Languages in particular Countries , as I have done before , for it will be of no use . It is under the Government of the Europeans and Natives . The Europeans are Spaniards , English , Portuguez , Dutch , French and Danes . The Natives have several small Governments , and Maintain their Liberty as well in the known as unknown places . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Riodela Plata , 2. River of Amazons , 3. Canada , and , 4. Orenique . Chief Mountains are the Andes , a vast ridge of Mountains in South America . Lakes of greatest account are , 1. Parame , and , 2. that called Fresh-water Sea. America is divided into ten great parts , besides the Islands , viz. 1. Canada , 2. New England , 3. Florida , 4. New Mexico , 5. New Spain , 6. Firm Land , 7. Peru , 8. Brasile , 9. Paraguay , and , 10. Chile . 1. Canada . CAnada is a great Country not well discovered , to the N. parts of America , and N. W. of New England ; it is of a large extent , but the true magnitude I find not . It sometimes goes by the general name of New France . The known parts were first discovered and are chiefly under the French , but of no great advantage to them . The ch . T. is Quebeck . It is full of Stags , Conies , Foul and Fish. Their chief Commodities are Beavers , Mouse-skins , and Furs . It contains three Provinces , which are , 1. Canada , the most N. Province , in which there are 23 sorts of People , but no Town . 2. New France , on the S. E. of Canada , 950 m. l. & 100 br . ch . T. are Quebeck , Tadousack and Brest . 3. New Scotland or Accadie , a sort of a Peninsula on the S. of New France , 440 m. l. & 320 br . ch . T. are Port Royal and Iuquehet . In this is the Province of Norembegve , ch . T. Norembegve . Chief River is Canada , a vast River . Principal Lake is that called Fresh-water Sea. 2. New-England . UNder this name I comprehend all the English Dominions , lying together in the Continent , which as much as are found lie between the 290th and the 310th degr . of Lon. and between the 30th and 35 min. and the 47th and 25 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. parts of New-England to the S. parts of Carolina about 1140 miles , and the breadth in the widest place is about 360 miles . It was first discovered by the two Cabots , Anno 1497 , now possessed by the English , and ruled by many petty Governours under the Protection of our King. The ch . T. is Boston . The Natives also in several parts have divers Lords , whom they call Weroans . The chief Commodities here are Tobacco , Corn , Fruits , Cattel , Deal-boards , Iron , Tar , Beavers , Furs , Silks , Cottons , Indigoes , Ginger , Rozin , Turpentine , Copper , Maize , &c. It comprehends seven Provinces , which are , 1. New-England , properly so called , bordering on New-Scotland , the most N. Province , 370 m. l. & 270 br . ch . T. are Boston , London , and Warwick . 2. New-York , once New-Nederland , on the S. W. of New-England , 270 m. l. & 130 br . ch . T. New-haven and Milford : To this belongs two Islands , viz. 1. Long-Isle , ch . T. Ashford , and , 2. Manhattens , ch . T. New-York . 3. New-Iarsey , on the S. of New-York , 200 m. l. & 60 br . divided into two parts , viz. 1. West New-Iarsey , ch . T. Elsingburg , and , 2. East New-Iarsey , ch . T. Elizabeth-Town . 4. Pensilvania , on the W. of New-Iarsey , as much as is known is divided into six Counties , viz. Philadelphia , Buckingham , Chester , New-castle , Kent and Sussex . Ch. T. is Philadelphia . 5. Maryland , on the S. of Pensilvania , 180 m. l. & 120 br . divided into ten Counties , viz. St. Mary's , Charles , Calvert , Ann Arundal , Baltimore , Somerset , Dorchester , Talbot , Cecil and Kent . Ch. T. are Baltimore , Oxford and Arundal . 6. Virginia , on the S. of Maryland , 360 m. l. & 240 br . divided into 19 Counties , viz. Northampton , Norfolk , Nausmund , Isle of Wight , Surry , Warwick , Henrico , Iames , York , Charles , New Kent , Gloucester , Middlesex , Lancashire , Northumberland , Westmorland , Rappahanook and Hartford . Ch. T. are Iames-Town , Henry and Wiccomoco . 7. Carolina , once a part of Florida , on the S. of Virginia , containing two Settlements , viz. Albermarl and Wando . It is about 460 m. l. & 300 ch . T. are Charles-Town and New-Town . Rivers of chief note are four , viz. 1. Hudson's River , 2. Delaware , 3. Sasquabanagh , and 4. Albermarl . Chief Mountains are the Apalachian Hills . 3. Florida . FLorida is a large Country lying on the S. W. of New-England , and on the N. of the Gulf of Mexico ; situated according to Berry's Maps between the 369th and 30 min. and the 294th and 40 min. of Lon. and between the 25th and the 40th degr . of Lat. so that the length from East to West is about 1200 miles , and the breadth from North to South about 600 miles . It was discovered by the English Anno 1497 , but more fully by the Spaniards Anno 1527. The known parts are chiefly under the Spaniards and French. The Natives are distributed into several Nations under the Government of Sagainoises or the eldest of their Families . This Country is extraordinary well stored with Venison and Fowl , having all sorts of excellent Fruits , and inriched with divers considerable Mines of Gold and Silver . Here are a great many Provinces ( some say 43 in number ) but little known to us . The ch . T. that I find in the Midlands is Coca , ch . T. in the Peninsula called Tegeste , are St. Augustin's , St. Mathea and Vitacucho . Rivers of greatest note are two , viz. 1. Chucagoa , and , 2. Holy Ghost . Chief Mountains are those called Apalachei . 4. New-Mexico . UNder the name of New-Mexico ( or as some call it New-Granada ) are comprehended all the N. Western parts of America , having a very large extent , but the true Magnitude cannot well be given . These parts are very little known to us , those that are , are chiefly under the Spaniards , discovered by them Anno 1540 , but of no account , being poor and barren . Ch. T. is St. Fe or New-Mexico . The Natives have their Governours , called Caciques . Here are a great many Provinces and as many sorts of People , different in their Language , Customs and Manners . The chief of these Provinces are New-Mexico , ch . T. St. Acomo , Cibola , Quivera , Marata and Anjan . Of these , but more especially of the last , there is much uncertainty . The Island of Calafornia comes also into this account , which ( if the vulgar Maps be right ) is about 1650 m. l. & 450 br . but very little discovered . The N. parts go by the name of New Albion , partly under the English. I find not the name of one Town , but only some Capes not worth the naming . Chief Rivers are , 1. the North River , and , 2. Tecon . 5. New-Spain . NEw-Spain or Mexico , lies on the S. E. of New-Mexico , washed on two sides with Sea ; situated between the 254th , and the 293d degr . of Lon. and between the 7th and 20 min. and the 29th and 40 min. of Lat. being in length from the N. W. parts of Cinaloa , to the S. E. parts of Veragua , about 2460 miles ; in breadth from Cape de Corientes in Xalisco , to the mouth of the River Palmas and Pamico , about 760 miles , in some places but 150 , and in others but 80 miles . A great part of it was formerly under the Kings of Mexico , till Anno 1521 conquered by the Spaniards , and still continues under them , governed by a Vice-Roy . It is the most considerable Country that they have in all these parts . The ch . T. is Mexico . The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold , Silver and Metals , all sorts of Grains and Fruits , Wool , Cotton , Sugar , Silk , Cochenel , Scarlet , Feathers , Honey , Balm , Amber , Salt , Tallow , Hides , Tobacco , Ginger , with many medicinal Drugs . It contains 22 Provinces , which are , 1. Cinaloa , the most N. W. Province , bordering on New-Mexico , 340 m. l. & 180 br . ch . T. is St. Iuan. 2. Culiacan , on the S. E. of Cinaloa , 230 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. is Culiacan . 3. New-Biscay , on the E. of Culiacan , 440 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. is St. Barbary . 4. Zacatecas , on the S. E. of New-Biscay , 360 m. l. & 150 br . ch . T. Zacatecas . In this is included the Prov. of Vxitipa , ch . T. St. Lewis . 5. Chiametlan , on the S. W. of Zacatecas , 210 m. l. & 140 br . ch . T. is Aquacara . 6. Guadalajara , on the S. E. of Chiametlan , and on the S. of Zacatecas , 260 m. l. & 160 br . ch . T. are Guadalajara and Zaporuco . 7. Xalisco , on the S. W. of Guadalajara , 180 m. l. & 175 br . ch T. are Xalisco and Compostella . These seven Provinces make up the Audience of Guadalajara , or the Kingdom of New-Gallicia . 8. Mechoachan , on the E. of Xalisco and Guadalajara , 420 m. l. & 210. ch . T. Mechoacan and Collima . 9. Panuco , on the N. E. of Mechoachan , 300 m. l. & 220 br . It includes the Provinces of Aiotuxetlan and Guastecan , ch . T. is Panuco . 10. Mexico , on the S. of Panuco , 330 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. are Mexico and Aquapulco . 11. Tlascala , on Lon Angelos , on the E. of Mexico , 380 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. are Lon Angelos and Villa Rica . 12. Guaxapa , on the S. E. of Tlascala , 360 m. l. & 150 br . It contains seven Provinces , viz. Mistica , Iutopeque , Zapoteca , Vale of Guaxaca , Guazacoalco , Gueztaxata , and Nixepa . Ch. T. are Antequera and Aquatulco . 13. Tabasco , on the E. of Guaxapa , 260 m. l. & 50 br ch . T. Port Royal ( an English Colony ) . 14. Iucutan , a Peninsula , on the N. E. of Tabasco , 420 m. l. & 180 br . in which is included the Province of Chetumal . Ch. T. are Merida and Valladolid . These seven Provinces make up the Audience of Mexico , or New-Spain , properly so called . 15. Chiapa , on the S. of Tabasco , 240 m. l. & 100 br . It contains three Provinces , viz. Chiapa , Zeldales , and Zoques . Ch. T. are Chiapa and St. Bartholomew . 16. Comocusco , or Guevetland , on the S. W. of Chiapa , 200 m. l. & 90 br . ch . T. Guevetlan . 17. Guatimala , on the S. E. of Comocusco , 400 m. l. & 100 br . It includes the Provinces of Yzalcos , Choutales and St. Salvador . Ch. T. are St. Iago de Guatimala , St. Salvador and Xeres . 18. Vera Pax , on the N. E. of Guatimala , 210 m. l. & 140 br . ch . T. is Vera Pax. 19. Honduras , on the E. of Vera Pax , and N. E. of Guatimala , 550 m. l. & 210 br . ch . T. are Valladolid and Truxillo . 20. Nicaragua , on the S. of Honduras , 440 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. are Leon , Granada and Segovia . 21. Costa Rica , on the S. E. of Nicaragua , washed on two sides with the Ocean , 300 m. l. & 200 br . ch . T. are Cartago and St. Nicoya . 22. Veragua , almost on the E. of Costa Rica , 180 m. l. & 95 br . washed with the Sea on two sides . Ch. T. are Conception and St. Fee. These eight Provinces do make up the Audience of Guatimala . Rivers of principal note are four , viz. 1. Panuco , 2. Esquitlan , 3. Los Yones , and , 4. Yare . Lakes of chiefest account are , 1. Nicarqua , and , 2. that of Mexico . These five great Provinces make up that part which is called Mexicana or North America . 6. Firm Land. UNder this Name are comprehended all the N. parts of S. America , lying on the S. E. of New-Spain ; situated between the 293d and the 328th and 25 min. of Lon. and between the 10th and 40 min. of N. and the 2d and 40 min. of S. Lat. being in length from the borders of New-Spain to the mouth of the River of Amazons about 2160 miles , and the breadth about 700 miles . It was first discovered by Columbus himself , afterwards a great part of it brought under the power of Spain , and now mostly under the Vice-Roy of Mexico ; also the French and Portuguez have some few places , and the Natives maintain their freedom in many places . Ch. T. is Panama . The principal Commodities of this Country are Gold , Silver , Balsom , Rozin , Gums , Long Pepper , Emeralds , Saphires , Jasper , Cassidoius , and such like . It contains 11 Provinces , viz. 1. Province of Firm Land , the most W. Province , 280 m. l. & 100 br . It contains two Provinces , viz. 1. Panama , ch . T. Panama and Ponto Bello ; and , 2. Darien , ch . T. Darien . 2. Government of Cartagena , on the E. of the proper Firm Land , 330 m. l. & 215 br . ch . T. are Cartagena , St. Sebastian , and St. Maria. 3. Government of Popayan , on the S. of Cartagena , 420 m. l. & 260 br . ch . T. are St. Fe de Antiochia and Caramanta . 4. New Kingdom of Granada , on the E. of Popayan , 420 m. l. & 380 br . ch . T. are St. Fe de Bagota and St. Migvel . 5. Government of St. Martha , on the N. of New Granada , 330 m. l. & 320 br . ch . T. is St. Martha . 6. Government of Rio de la Hacha , on the E. of St. Martha , 220 m. l. & 170 br . ch . T. are Rio de la Hacha and Rancheria . 7. Government of Venezula , on the E. of Rio de la Hacha , 440 m. l. & 380 br . ch . T. are Venezula and St. Iago de Leon. 8. New Andaluzia , on the E. of Venezula , 320 m. l. & 250 br . ch . T. are Corduba and Morequinto . In this are several Nations . 9. Paria , on the E. of New Andalusia , not well known , divided among several People and having several Provinces ; ch . T. Maluregvara . These nine Provinces are often called by the general name of Golden Castile . 10. Guiana , or Wiapoco , on the E. of Paria and New Andaluzia , 840 m. l. & 220 br . It has several Nations and Provinces ; ch . T. are Moapvere and Waetali . 11. Caribana , on the S. of Guiana , comprehended sometimes under that name ; ch . T. Manoa . Rivers of chiefest note are , 1. Orenique , and 2. St. Martha . Chief Mountains are part of the Andes . On the South of Firm Land lies the great Country of Amazons , according to the Maps ; 1600 m. l. & 1000 br . in which are said to be 150 different Nations , but so little known to us that I cannot find the name of one Town , but only a vast River of the same Name . Therefore I shall say no more of this , but pass on . 7. Peru. KIngdom of Peru lies on the S. of Firm Land , and on the W. of the Country of the Amazons along the Pacifick Ocean ; situated between the 292d and the 316th degr . of Lon. and between the 5th and 40 min. of N. and the 26th degr . of S. Lat. being in length from the N. parts of Posto to the S. parts of Los Charcas about 1960 miles ; in breadth in the widest part 850 , in the middle but 390 miles . It had its own Kings for above 300 Years , till Anno 1533 subdued by the Spaniards , who still hold it . It is governed by a Vice-Roy , whose seat is at Lima ; some parts still keep their freedom . It is the most considerable Country in S. America . The chief Commodities are vast quantities of Gold and Silver , Cottons , Tobacco , Medicinal Drugs , &c. It contains seven Provinces , which are , 1. Posto , the most N. Province , bordering on Firm Land , 410 m. l. and 280 br . ch . T. are Pasto and Cali. 2. Los Quixos , on the S. of Posto , 330 m. l. & 190 br . ch . T. are Baesa and Avila . 3. Pacamores ▪ on the S. of Los Quixos , 370 m. l. & 230 br . ch . T. are Valladolid and Loyala . 4. Quito , on the W. of Pacamores , Los Quixos and Posto , 600 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. are Quito , Rio Bamba and Cuenca . 5. Proper Peru , on the S. of Quito and Pacamores , 1000 m. l. & 420 br . Containing two Provinces , viz. 1. Lima , ch . T. Lima , and 2. Cusco , ch . T. Cusco . 6. Los Charcas , on the S. of the Proper Peru , ch . T. are La Plata and Potosi . 7. Las Sierra , on the E. of Los Charcas , ch . T. St. Cruex de Nueva . These Provinces have several Peoples and Provinces in them . Rivers of principal note are two , viz. 1. Maragnaon , and , 2. Desenguedero . Principal Mountains are the Andes . 8. Brasil . BRasil is seperated from Peru by the Country of Amazons and part of Paraguay , containing the most W. parts of all America , taking it in the largest extent it is situated between the 320th and the 348th and 13th min. of Lon. and between the first and the 23d and 30 min. of S. Lat. being in length from E. to W. about 1600 miles , and the breadth from N. to S. about 1500 miles , called first the Country of the Holy Cross. It was discovered and possessed by the Portuguez , who still hold it , but the greatest part is not yet found out , so that they have only the Coasts . Their ch . T. is St. Salvador . Their chief Commodities are Brasil-Wood , abundance of Sugar , Amber , Rozin , Tobacco , Train-Oyl , &c. It is divided into fourteen Captainships , their magnitude cannot well be measured . They are , 1. Para , the most N. W. Province , ch . T. is Para. 2. Maragnon , ch . T. Maragnon . 3. Siara , ch . T. Siara . 4. Rio Grand , ch . T. Reyes . 5. Paraybach , ch . T. Parayba . 6. Tamaraca , ch . T. Tamacaca . 7. Parnambuco , ch . T. Parnambuco . 8. Bahia , ch . T. St. Salvador . 9. Ilheos , ch . T. Ilheos . 10. Segerippe , ch . T. Segerippe . 11. Porto Seguro , ch . T. Porto Seguro . 12. Spirito Sancto , ch . T. Spirito Sancto . 13. Rio Ianetro , ch . T. St. Sebastian : And , 14. St. Vincent , ch . T. St. Vincent . The Inlands have a great number of different Nations and People , but these parts are so little known , that I shall say no more of them . Rivers of greatest note are , 1. Maragnon , 2. Siope , and , 3. Rio de Francisco . Mountains I find not . 9. Paraguay . PAraguay is a very large Country , on the S. W. of Brasil , and on the E. of Peru and Chile ; situated between the 303d and the 338th degr . of Lon. and between the 15th and the 27th degr . of S. Lat. being in length from the W. parts of Tucuman , to the E. parts of Guayra , about 1900 miles , and the breadth from the N. parts of the Pro. of Paraguay to the mouth of Rio de la Plata about 1500 miles . This Country , as much as known , was discovered by the Spaniards , Anno 1515 , afterwards possessed by them , and still remains under the Vice-Roy of Peru. Their ch . T. is Assumtion . The chief Commodities are some Gold and Silver , with Brass and Iron , Corn , Cattel , Sugars and Amethists . It contains seven Provinces , whose magnitude I shall venture to set down as I find in Berry's Maps . They are , 1. Paraguay , properly so called , the most N. E. Province , 860 m. l. & 330. br . ch . T. are Villa Rica and Marajacu . 2. Chaco , on the W. of Proper Paraguay , 950 m. l. & 650 br . ch . T. is Conception . 3. Tucuman , on the S. W. of Chaco , 1000 m. l. & 480 br . ch . T. are St. Iago de Estero and St. Migvel . 4. Rio de la Plata , on the E. of Tucuman , 800 m. l. & 300 br . ch . T. are Assumption and Buenos Ayres . 5. Parana , on the N. E. of Rio de la Plata , 540 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. Itapoa and Acarai . 6. Guayra , on the N. E. of Parana , 800 m. l. & 360 br . ch . T. are Ci●idad Real , and Villa Rica . 7. Vragua , on the S. W. of Guaira , and S. of Parana , 960 m. l. & 430 br . ch . T. are Los Reyes and Conception . These have in them many other inferior Provinces and People which own not the Spaniards . Principal River is Rio de la Plata or Paraguay , the greatest River in the World. Chief Mountains are some branches of the Andes . 10. Chile . CHile lies on the W. of Paraguay and on the S. of Peru , along the Pacifick Sea ; situated between the 297th and the 307th and 30 min. of Lon. and between the 26th and 47th degr . of S. Lat. being in length from N. to S. about 1260 miles , and in breadth from East to West about 450 miles . It was first discovered by the Spaniards , Anno 1544 , and still remains under the Vice-Roy of Peru , but some parts are still free . The ch . T. is St. Iago . The chief Commodities are vast quantities of Gold , with other Metals , Corn , Maize , Honey , &c. It contains three Provinces , which are , 1. Province of Chile , the most N. Province , 560 m. l. & 240 br . ch . T. are St. Iago and Sorena . 2. Imperial , on the S. of Chile , 730 m. l. & 270 br . ch . T. are Baldivia and Imperial . 3. Chucuito , on the E. of Imperial and Chile , 560 m. l. & 220 br . ch . T. are Mondoe and Oramante . On the S. and S. E. of Chile lies the Country of Magalanica sometimes Chica , and the Country of Patagons , a poor Country and very little known to us ; neither is there any Town of note in it . It is according to the Maps 1200 m. l. & 480 br . The Islands are , 1. NEw-found-land , right against England , about 1800 m. distant from it and not far from New France , 400 m. l. & 300 br . It includes a Province called Avallon . It belongs to the English. I find no Towns , but several excellent Bays . 2. Lucaies , about 24 small Isles against Florida , belonging mostly to the Spaniards ; the chief of them are New Providence and Lucaies , under the English. 3. Cuba , on the S. of Lucaies , 680 m. l. & 100 br . under the Spaniards ; ch . T. are Havana and St. Iago . 4. Iamaica , on the S. of Cuba , 150 m. l. & 60 br . under the English ; ch . T. are Port Royal , St. Iago and Sevil. 5. Hispaniola , on the E. of Iamaica , 440 m. l. & 120 br . belonging to the Spaniards , and divided into several small Provinces ; ch . T. are St. Domingo and Ilcotuy . 6. Porto Rico , on the E. Hispaniola , 120 m. l. & 40 br . under the Spaniards ; ch . T. Porto Rico. These four last , with some others of lesser note , are called by the name of Antilles . 7. Caribie Islands , a knot of small Isles , on the S. E. of Porto Rico , belonging to the English , Spaniards and French. The chief are Barbadoes , St. Christophers , Antego , Mevis , Dominica , Monserat , Anguilla , Barbada , with a great many others of less note . Here are also several other Islands in many parts of the Ocean , but of no great note . Thus much for AMERICA . BEsides these four Quarters , there are several less known parts , that go by the name of Terra Incognita . They may be divided into two parts , which are , 1. Terra Incognita Borialis , which contains , 1. Tasata , on the N. of Asia , 2. Nova Zembla , and , 3. Spitzberg or Greenland on the N. of Europe , 4. Artick Lands , 5. New Denmark , 6. New North-Wales , 7. New South-Wales , 8. New Britain , these lie on the N. of America , 9. Iesso or Zedso , on the N. W. of America , &c. 2. Terra Australis Incognita , containing , 1. Land of Papous , 2. New Holland , 3. Land of Fuego , 4. New Guinea , 5. New Zeland , 6. Land of Quir , with several others . AN APPENDIX Concerning RULES For Making A Large Geography . SEtting aside the General Geography , it may be convenient to follow these Rules in every particular Country , as much as the Subject will permit . They may be divided into sixty several Parts , which may , if the Author shall think fit , contain so many Paragraphs except three or four of the last . The first is its Bounds , and how it is separated from all other Provinces . 2. It s Situation , between what Degrees of Longitude and Latitude it lies ; and the Distance in Miles from the Poles , Tropicks , and Aequator . 3. What Climes and Zones it lies under , with the longest Days in the North , South and Middle Parts of it . 4. What Remarkable Stars pass over it , shewing their Rising and Stay above the Horizan , with the Quantity and Celerity of their Motion , according to Copernicus Hypothesis . 5. It s Magnitude , and compared with other Countries , as also its Figure and Number of Inhabitants as well as can be told . 6. All the ancient Names , with their Etymologies , and how called by other Countries at present . 7. What it was anciently famous for . 8. What famous Men both for Arms and Learning it has produced , with their Characters . 9. It s chief Rivers exactly described , with all its best Havens . 10. Principal Lakes described . 11. Seas , Bays , Creeks , &c. described . 12. Mountains described . 13. Capes or Promontories described . 14. Forests described . 15. Desarts described . 16. The Nature of the Soil , with its Fertility and Sterility . 17. What Rains , Tempests , Meteors , &c. are most usual in it . 18. Various Grains it affords , compared with ours . 19. It s Diversity of Fruits , compared with ours . 20. Sorts of Trees its affords , compared with ours . 21. It s Principal Riches and Commodities . 22. It s various Beasts both wild and tame , describing them that are not common . 23. It s divers Birds , described & compared with ours . 24. It s variety and number of Fishes , described & compared with ours . 25. Serpents and remarkable Insects , described & compared with ours . 26. Its Wonders of Art and Nature . 27. The Original of the Inhabitants . 28. Their Shape , Stature , Beauty , &c. 29. The Natural Dispositions and Humours of both Men and Women . 30. The Peculiar Customs in their Salutations , Drinking , and all other Actions . 31. Their Vertues most naturally inclining to . 32. Their Vices most naturally inclining to . 33. Their Common Diet and Manner of Eating , with their Feasts and such like . 34. Their Inns and Houses of Entertainment . 35. The Apparel both of Men and Women . 36. Manner of Educating their Children . 37. Their Trades , Imployments , and Manner of Getting their Livelihood . 38. Their Buildings , Gardens , Orchards , &c. 39. Their Common Sports and Pastimes . 40. Measures and Weights of all sorts , compared with ours . 41. Coins of Gold , Silver and Brass , compared with ours . 42. Laws and Punishments of Offenders . 43. Their Universities , shewing their Number , Fame , Antiquity , &c. 44. Their divers Languages ; shewing their Original , Composition , Dialects , Characters , &c. 45. Their Peculiar Arts and Ingenuities they are most famous for . 46. Their several Religions there practised , with their principal Points , Ceremonies , &c. 47. The Ecclesiastical Government , with the Number and Names of all the Archbishopricks , Bishopricks , and such like . 48. Marriages , shewing their Number of Wives , with all the Customs belonging to the Solemnity . 49. Burials , with all the Ceremonies and Customs . 50. Orders of Knighthood , with the Number and Names of the Hereditary Dukedom● Earldoms , &c. with other Places of Honour . 51. Particular Priviledges belonging to Persons of every Rank . 52. Present Government and Fundamental Constitutions , with the several Rulers . 53. The Extent of the Kings or States Dominions in other Countries . 54. The King's Titles . 55. His Arms. 56. The Revenues , and all the several ways of raising them . 57. Forces by Sea and Land , which way raised , with the Martial Discipline . 58. A General History of it in short , with a Catalogue of the Kings , Governours , &c. with a short account of the best Historians that writ of it . 59. All the ancient Divisions , shewing all the old Provinces , their Bound● and Extent , and how called at present . 60. The modern Division , shewing the present Provinces in their Bounds , Situation , Dimensions , Divisions , Subdivisions , Cities , Towns , Castles , Governments , &c. This I could well divide into many other Parts . These have I set in as good order as I could , binding no man to follow them any more than his own reason shall guide him , but howsoever , I presume that they are not wholly to be despised . The most considerable Writers of Geography were Ptolomy , Pliny , Strabo , Dionysius , Mela , &c. among the ancients . The later are Mercator , Munster , Ortelius , Maginus , Heylin , Bleau , Iohnson , Cluverius , the Authors of the English Atlasses , with a vast number of less note . The chief Travellers are Morison , Sandys , Herbert , Tavenor , Thevenot , Charden , Brown , with several others of less note , as Lassels , Blunt , Ray , Burnet , Magallans , &c. The most approved Maps are Sanson's and Duval's , French-men ; De Wit and Visscher , Dutch-men ; and Berry , an English-man . FINIS . ERRATA . Here are some Faults committ●d ●y reason of my distance from the Press , the chief are here set down , which the Reader ought to correct before he reads it . PAg. 4. line 24. for and streight , read one streight . p. 6. l. 2 , & 5. for sight r. site . p. 7. l. 9. for Monopo●apa r. Monomotapa . p. 12. l. 3. for and r. anciently . l. 25. for Origrella r. Origvella . p. 14. l. 1. for Beleures r. Beleares . l. 16. for 46. r. 42. p. 18. l. 11. for Nestria r. Neustria . p. 20. l. 12. for Pan r. Pan. l. 25. for Serennes r. Sevennes . p. 29. l. 8. for Corest●gni r. Orestagni . p. 36. l. 12. for 270 r. 285. p. 41. l. 10. for 65 r. 40. Here are I believe some few others , but of so little concern as will do no great injury .