The Character of Queen Elizabeth, or, A full and clear account of her policies, and the methods of her government both in church and state her virtue and defects, together with the characters of her principal ministers of state, and the greatest part of the affairs and events that happened in her times / collected and faithfully represented by Edmund Bohun, Esquire.
      
       
         
           1693
        
      
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             The Character of Queen Elizabeth, or, A full and clear account of her policies, and the methods of her government both in church and state her virtue and defects, together with the characters of her principal ministers of state, and the greatest part of the affairs and events that happened in her times / collected and faithfully represented by Edmund Bohun, Esquire.
             Bohun, Edmund, 1645-1699.
             Johnston, Robert, 1567?-1639. Historia rerum britannicarum.
          
           [32], 376 p. : ports.
           
             Printed for Ric. Chiswell ...,
             London :
             1693.
          
           
             "The learned Johnston ... is the principal author I have followed in this piece"--Pref.
             "Chiefly from R. Johnstone's Historia rerum britannicarum, 1655"--DNB.
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Elizabeth -- I, -- Queen of England, 1533-1603.
           Great Britain -- History -- Elizabeth, 1558-1603.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           CHARACTER
           OF
           QUEEN
           ELIZABETH
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               ELIZABETH
               &
               MARY
               
                 Queens
                 of
                 England
              
               .
            
             
               UTERQUE
               QUATERQUE
               BEATI
            
             
               L
               Sturt
               sculp
               〈…〉
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           CHARACTER
           OF
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           .
        
         
           OR
           ,
           A
           Full
           and
           Clear
           ACCOUNT
           of
           Her
           Policies
           ,
           and
           the
           Methods
           of
           Her
           Government
           both
           in
           CHURCH
           and
           STATE
           .
        
         
           Her
           VIRTUES
           and
           DEFECTS
           .
        
         
           Together
           with
           The
           CHARACTERS
           of
           Her
           Principal
           Ministers
           of
           State.
           And
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Affairs
           and
           Events
           that
           Happened
           in
           Her
           Times
           .
        
         
           Collected
           and
           Faithfully
           Represented
           ,
           By
           EDMUND
           BOHUN
           ,
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           Semper
           eadem
           .
        
         
           London
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             Ric.
             Chiswell
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Rose
           and
           Crown
           in
           St.
           Paul's
           Church-Yard
           .
           MDCXCIII
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               Academiae
               Cantabrigiensis
               Liber
            
             Cambridge University blazon or coat of arms
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           KING
           and
           QUEEN
           .
        
         
           
             May
             it
             please
             Your
             Majesties
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Here
           present
           you
           with
           the
           Noble
           Character
           and
           lively
           Representation
           of
           the
           Greatest
           Princess
           that
           ever
           sway'd
           this
           or
           any
           other
           Scepter
           .
           A
           Princess
           ,
           whose
           Natural
           
           Endowments
           ,
           and
           Acquired
           Abilities
           ,
           made
           her
           the
           Envy
           ,
           or
           the
           Example
           ,
           of
           all
           the
           Crowned
           Heads
           about
           her
           ;
           whose
           Fame
           filled
           the
           World
           whilst
           she
           lived
           ,
           and
           the
           Histories
           of
           all
           Countries
           since
           she
           died
           .
           In
           Persia
           they
           had
           heard
           of
           the
           
             Maiden
             Queen
          
           ,
           before
           they
           knew
           the
           Name
           of
           England
           .
           And
           the
           Sophi
           asked
           our
           first
           Merchant
           that
           went
           thither
           ,
           if
           his
           Country
           was
           not
           governed
           by
           a
           Maid
           ;
           and
           upon
           his
           Reply
           It
           was
           so
           ,
           enquired
           no
           further
           .
           Her
           Religion
           and
           her
           Morals
           ,
           her
           Publick
           and
           her
           Private
           Conversation
           with
           her
           Courtiers
           ,
           her
           
           Bed-chamber
           Women
           ,
           ●…er
           Maids
           of
           Honour
           ,
           her
           Friends
           and
           Relations
           ,
           are
           all
           accurately
           described
           in
           this
           small
           Piece
           ,
           and
           must
           needs
           yield
           great
           pleasure
           to
           Your
           MAJESTIES
           to
           read
           or
           hear
           them
           at
           convenient
           times
           .
        
         
           The
           Great
           Things
           she
           did
           ,
           and
           the
           Ways
           ,
           Means
           and
           Instruments
           she
           employed
           under
           her
           to
           bring
           them
           into
           Act
           ,
           are
           very
           divertising
           and
           instructive
           :
           Nor
           will
           it
           be
           any
           diminution
           of
           the
           Glory
           of
           Your
           Reigns
           ,
           that
           in
           some
           things
           you
           followed
           the
           Example
           of
           this
           Wise
           and
           Illustrious
           Queen
           .
        
         
         
           I
           know
           Your
           Royal
           Cares
           are
           great
           ,
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           not
           presume
           to
           rob
           you
           of
           any
           more
           of
           Your
           precious
           Minutes
           than
           is
           requisite
           to
           beg
           Your
           favourable
           Acceptance
           of
           this
           bounden
           Duty
           of
        
         
           
             Your
             Majesties
             most
             Loyal
             Servant
             and
             Subject
             ,
             Edmund
             Bohun
             .
          
           
             
               Feb.
               6.
               1692
               
               /
               3
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           I
           Am
           bound
           in
           the
           first
           place
           to
           acquaint
           my
           Reader
           ,
           That
           the
           Learned
           Johnston
           ,
           a
           Scotch
           Physician
           ,
           is
           the
           Principal
           Author
           I
           have
           followed
           in
           this
           Piece
           ;
           for
           I
           would
           not
           translate
           him
           :
           To
           what
           I
           found
           there
           ,
           I
           have
           added
           what
           I
           could
           light
           upon
           that
           was
           pertinent
           to
           my
           purpose
           in
           the
           Histories
           of
           those
           Times
           :
           So
           that
           I
           am
           persuaded
           ,
           it
           cost
           me
           as
           much
           pains
           and
           time
           ,
           as
           it
           cost
           him
           at
           first
           to
           write
           it
           .
           I
           took
           the
           liberty
           also
           to
           use
           my
           own
           Language
           ,
           and
           Thoughts
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Judgment
           ,
           
           in
           the
           whole
           ;
           adding
           and
           diminishing
           ,
           as
           I
           thought
           fit
           ,
           though
           never
           without
           Reason
           ,
           or
           good
           Authority
           .
        
         
           In
           such
           a
           Work
           as
           this
           ,
           things
           ought
           to
           be
           delivered
           without
           any
           order
           of
           time
           ,
           things
           of
           the
           same
           nature
           being
           laid
           together
           ;
           So
           that
           this
           is
           not
           intended
           so
           much
           for
           a
           regular
           Story
           of
           those
           Times
           ,
           as
           a
           Collection
           of
           Examples
           ,
           that
           others
           may
           thereby
           be
           instructed
           what
           to
           chuse
           or
           avoid
           ,
           what
           to
           commend
           or
           blame
           ,
           what
           had
           a
           good
           ,
           or
           an
           ill
           event
           .
        
         
           Truth
           is
           as
           well
           the
           soul
           of
           a
           good
           Character
           ,
           as
           of
           an
           History
           ;
           to
           commend
           without
           cause
           or
           above
           measure
           ,
           is
           the
           part
           of
           a
           PANEGYRICK
           ;
           but
           it
           rendereth
           a
           Character
           ,
           or
           an
           History
           ,
           suspected
           and
           odious
           .
           I
           love
           the
           Name
           and
           Memory
           of
           this
           Generous
           
           Queen
           as
           much
           as
           any
           man
           living
           ;
           but
           it
           could
           not
           bribe
           me
           to
           represent
           her
           otherwise
           than
           she
           was
           :
           The
           mixing
           the
           Faults
           of
           great
           Persons
           with
           their
           Virtues
           ,
           abates
           the
           Envy
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           and
           purchaseth
           a
           kind
           and
           ready
           Acceptance
           of
           the
           whole
           .
           A
           Lying
           Satyr
           is
           full
           as
           odious
           as
           a
           Flattering
           Panegyrick
           :
           If
           I
           were
           worthy
           to
           have
           my
           Story
           written
           ,
           or
           my
           Picture
           drawn
           ,
           I
           should
           wish
           they
           might
           be
           equally
           true
           ,
           and
           represent
           both
           my
           Life
           ,
           and
           my
           Face
           ,
           just
           such
           as
           they
           were
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           not
           impossible
           some
           may
           be
           offended
           with
           the
           Truth
           of
           this
           Little
           Piece
           ;
           but
           they
           must
           know
           ,
           I
           have
           no
           other
           share
           in
           it
           ,
           than
           the
           collecting
           things
           that
           lay
           dispersed
           before
           ,
           and
           the
           representing
           them
           as
           I
           found
           them
           (
           I
           hope
           I
           have
           no-where
           Censured
           
           or
           Commended
           any
           thing
           above
           the
           truth
           ;
           but
           if
           I
           have
           ,
           upon
           admonition
           I
           shall
           endeavour
           to
           amend
           it
           .
           As
           the
           Persons
           mentioned
           in
           it
           were
           all
           dead
           before
           I
           was
           born
           ,
           so
           I
           cannot
           be
           suspected
           to
           be
           guilty
           of
           Love
           or
           Hatred
           ,
           but
           what
           was
           the
           result
           of
           their
           Virtues
           ,
           or
           their
           Vices
           :
           If
           I
           would
           not
           spare
           the
           Queen
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           reason
           I
           should
           spare
           any
           of
           her
           Courtiers
           ;
           and
           when
           any
           of
           our
           Nobility
           find
           any
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           did
           ill
           things
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           represented
           in
           Story
           ;
           let
           them
           remember
           ,
           the
           Princes
           of
           those
           times
           had
           their
           Faults
           too
           ,
           and
           they
           are
           as
           freely
           written
           .
           Let
           them
           think
           also
           ,
           Thus
           it
           will
           be
           with
           us
           ;
           Infamy
           or
           Oblivion
           will
           cover
           our
           memories
           when
           we
           are
           dead
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           not
           live
           well
           .
           It
           is
           only
           Virtue
           that
           can
           render
           a
           Name
           illustrious
           in
           the
           Annals
           
           of
           time
           ,
           though
           great
           Estates
           and
           swelling
           Titles
           may
           make
           a
           man
           seem
           great
           on
           this
           side
           the
           Grave
           :
           And
           Posterity
           will
           be
           no
           more
           able
           to
           drown
           the
           Vices
           of
           this
           present
           Age
           ,
           than
           they
           are
           to
           prevent
           the
           knowledge
           of
           those
           that
           are
           past
           .
           As
           a
           bad
           Face
           quarrels
           a
           true
           Looking-Glass
           ,
           so
           a
           bad
           Liver
           hates
           a
           true
           Historian
           ,
           and
           both
           equally
           without
           just
           cause
           .
        
         
           There
           has
           nothing
           more
           Eclipsed
           the
           Glory
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           than
           the
           want
           of
           a
           good
           History
           of
           her
           Reign
           in
           
             English.
             Cambden
          
           is
           good
           in
           the
           Original
           ,
           but
           too
           short
           ;
           but
           the
           Version
           of
           that
           Author
           is
           intolerably
           bad
           ;
           would
           any
           good
           Pen
           do
           that
           by
           her
           Annals
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           done
           here
           by
           her
           Character
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           grateful
           Tribute
           paid
           to
           Her
           Sacred
           Memory
           .
           Would
           our
           Great
           Men
           live
           in
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           World
           ?
           why
           
           let
           them
           promote
           the
           History
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           that
           will
           make
           their
           Names
           famous
           to
           Posterity
           .
           Maecenas
           is
           oftener
           remembred
           for
           his
           bounties
           to
           Learning
           ,
           than
           for
           all
           his
           other
           Expences
           and
           Gallantry
           ,
           of
           which
           perhaps
           it
           was
           not
           the
           hundredth
           part
           .
        
         
           No
           Nation
           in
           Europe
           hath
           exceeded
           the
           English
           in
           Martial
           Bravery
           ;
           but
           for
           want
           of
           good
           History
           ,
           much
           of
           the
           Honour
           of
           our
           Ancestors
           is
           lost
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           .
           I
           would
           be
           contented
           to
           die
           when
           I
           had
           finished
           but
           one
           good
           Piece
           of
           our
           Story
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           as
           it
           should
           be
           worth
           the
           reading
           .
           I
           would
           serve
           my
           Countrey
           in
           any
           honest
           and
           brave
           thing
           ;
           but
           History
           is
           my
           beloved
           Study
           ,
           with
           it
           I
           would
           (
           if
           I
           had
           it
           in
           my
           power
           )
           grow
           old
           and
           die
           .
        
         
         
           It
           was
           the
           comfort
           of
           a
           Prince
           in
           all
           his
           Sufferings
           ,
           that
           his
           Name
           would
           one
           day
           ,
           like
           the
           Sun
           ,
           break
           through
           the
           Clouds
           of
           Reproach
           that
           the
           Iniquity
           of
           the
           Times
           had
           thrown
           about
           him
           ;
           and
           he
           should
           shine
           the
           more
           gloriously
           in
           History
           for
           the
           things
           he
           had
           suffered
           in
           his
           Life
           .
           If
           he
           in
           the
           lowest
           Abyss
           of
           Misery
           ,
           in
           the
           melancholly
           Recesses
           of
           a
           Confinement
           ,
           could
           thus
           comfort
           his
           drooping
           Spirits
           with
           the
           prospect
           of
           that
           Honour
           would
           be
           paid
           him
           in
           his
           Grave
           ,
           when
           his
           Name
           should
           be
           imbalmed
           in
           the
           grateful
           memory
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           It
           is
           a
           wonder
           there
           is
           no
           more
           care
           taken
           by
           the
           Living
           to
           render
           this
           grateful
           Acknowledgment
           to
           their
           Ancestors
           for
           all
           that
           they
           have
           left
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           we
           are
           unmindsul
           of
           the
           Dead
           ,
           if
           their
           cold
           Bones
           can
           merit
           
           no
           corner
           in
           our
           Hearts
           or
           thoughts
           ;
           why
           are
           we
           so
           regardless
           of
           the
           Living
           ?
           a
           Prince
           can
           scarce
           deserve
           better
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           instruct
           ,
           direct
           ,
           reform
           ,
           or
           amend
           them
           more
           effectually
           by
           any
           other
           method
           ,
           than
           by
           Good
           Histories
           .
           The
           Precepts
           that
           are
           so
           delivered
           ,
           slide
           insensibly
           and
           pleasantly
           into
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Reader
           ,
           and
           make
           lasting
           Impressions
           on
           his
           Memory
           .
        
         
           Nor
           is
           this
           Benefit
           confined
           to
           the
           Subject
           ,
           and
           meaner
           Persons
           ;
           even
           Princes
           themselves
           do
           borrow
           from
           History
           those
           Counsels
           and
           Assistances
           they
           shall
           hardly
           gain
           from
           Courtiers
           and
           Ministers
           ;
           sometimes
           they
           will
           not
           ,
           sometimes
           they
           dare
           not
           Admonish
           their
           Master
           ;
           whilst
           a
           good
           History
           shews
           them
           by
           others
           ,
           what
           will
           be
           the
           effect
           of
           ill-concerted
           Designs
           
           and
           Counsels
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           is
           an
           Awe
           upon
           them
           ,
           suggesting
           this
           Thought
           frequently
           to
           them
           ,
           
             How
             will
             this
             look
             in
             History
             ?
          
           Thus
           Augustus
           ,
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           Henry
           the
           Fourth
           of
           France
           ,
           became
           Famous
           to
           Posterity
           ,
           by
           observing
           carefully
           in
           History
           ,
           what
           Fate
           had
           attended
           the
           Princes
           that
           preceded
           them
           .
        
         
           Posterity
           too
           are
           to
           be
           taken
           care
           of
           ;
           if
           the
           present
           Age
           is
           not
           such
           as
           a
           Good
           or
           a
           Wise
           Man
           would
           wish
           it
           ,
           let
           us
           try
           if
           we
           can
           make
           the
           next
           Generation
           better
           ,
           by
           shewing
           the
           Chain
           of
           Calamities
           have
           followed
           at
           the
           heels
           of
           the
           Vices
           of
           the
           last
           and
           of
           this
           Age.
           At
           her
           Death
           the
           Thrift
           ,
           the
           Probity
           ,
           the
           Piety
           ,
           and
           the
           Hospitality
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           was
           much
           abated
           :
           The
           Luxury
           that
           attended
           the
           
           Peaceable
           Reign
           of
           James
           the
           First
           ,
           and
           the
           Beginning
           of
           Charles
           the
           First
           ,
           brought
           on
           a
           War
           that
           threatned
           our
           Ruin
           :
           What
           has
           hapned
           since
           the
           Restitution
           ,
           to
           the
           time
           in
           which
           Their
           Majesties
           began
           Their
           Reign
           ,
           is
           now
           fresh
           in
           Memory
           ,
           but
           will
           be
           lost
           ,
           if
           not
           written
           .
           And
           I
           am
           persuaded
           nothing
           can
           possibly
           be
           invented
           to
           make
           us
           Wiser
           than
           we
           now
           are
           ,
           sooner
           or
           more
           easily
           ,
           than
           a
           good
           History
           of
           this
           Period
           of
           Time
           ;
           but
           then
           our
           Princes
           and
           Great
           Men
           must
           encourage
           it
           ,
           and
           skreen
           the
           Writer
           ,
           or
           it
           will
           never
           be
           done
           :
           The
           Expence
           is
           too
           great
           for
           a
           Private
           Man
           ,
           and
           the
           Materials
           are
           most
           of
           them
           locked
           up
           from
           the
           view
           of
           all
           those
           who
           have
           not
           the
           Royal
           Authority
           consenting
           to
           their
           Inspection
           ,
           and
           the
           Royal
           Purse
           to
           support
           
           the
           Charge
           of
           Transcribing
           them
           .
        
         
           Methinks
           every
           Prince
           that
           resolveth
           to
           do
           things
           worthy
           to
           be
           written
           ,
           should
           take
           care
           to
           have
           one
           good
           Historian
           about
           him
           ,
           to
           preserve
           the
           Memory
           of
           his
           Actions
           .
           Those
           that
           live
           ill
           ,
           will
           find
           what
           they
           fear
           above
           all
           things
           ,
           a
           man
           to
           paint
           out
           those
           things
           to
           the
           Life
           ,
           which
           they
           would
           gladly
           have
           concealed
           .
           Story
           will
           go
           on
           with
           or
           without
           their
           care
           ,
           but
           to
           their
           Damage
           ,
           if
           not
           discreetly
           encouraged
           .
        
         
           But
           why
           do
           I
           write
           thus
           in
           all
           the
           Misfortunes
           that
           have
           so
           lately
           befallen
           me
           !
           My
           Character
           has
           been
           written
           with
           the
           Poison
           of
           Asps
           ,
           instead
           of
           Ink
           ;
           so
           that
           one
           single
           Word
           (
           in
           another
           man's
           Work
           ,
           otherwise
           interpreted
           than
           either
           he
           or
           I
           meant
           it
           ,
           as
           is
           plain
           by
           the
           words
           that
           follow
           and
           explain
           
           it
           )
           has
           been
           enough
           to
           sink
           me
           ,
           after
           my
           Reputation
           had
           been
           sufficiently
           pierced
           by
           the
           Arrows
           of
           Envy
           and
           Detraction
           .
           But
           all
           that
           I
           shall
           say
           in
           my
           own
           Defence
           ,
           is
           ,
           That
           I
           hate
           what
           I
           am
           supposed
           to
           be
           guilty
           of
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           any
           man
           in
           the
           Nation
           ;
           and
           never
           suffered
           ,
           said
           ,
           or
           thought
           the
           thing
           in
           all
           my
           Life
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           CONTENTS
           OF
           THIS
           BOOK
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             Birth
             and
             Parentage
             of
             Queen
             
               Elizabeth
               ,
               Page
               1
            
          
           
             Her
             Education
             ,
             3
          
           
             Her
             Tutors
             in
             the
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Tongues
             ,
             and
             her
             Observations
             in
             Reading
             ,
             
               4
               ,
               5
            
          
           
             Her
             Tutor
             in
             Theology
             ,
             8
          
           
             She
             spoke
             French
             and
             Italian
             ,
             and
             understood
             many
             other
             European
             Tongues
             ,
             9
          
           
             The
             Untimely
             Death
             of
             her
             beloved
             Brother
             
               Edward
               VI.
               12
            
          
           
             And
             the
             Succession
             of
             Q.
             
               Mary
               ,
               13
            
          
           
             She
             was
             a
             sorrowful
             Spectator
             of
             the
             Popish
             Cruelty
             ,
             15
          
           
             She
             was
             hated
             by
             the
             Popish
             Bishops
             for
             her
             Religion
             ,
             16
          
           
             Her
             Life
             was
             saved
             by
             King
             
               Philip
               ,
               18
            
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             Queen
             
               Mary
               ,
               19
            
          
           
             
             The
             Nation
             then
             divided
             into
             Factions
             ,
             22
          
           
             Calais
             newly
             lost
             ,
             23
          
           
             She
             at
             first
             dissembled
             her
             Religion
             ,
             24
          
           
             Her
             Prime
             Counsellors
             ,
             26
          
           
             She
             dissembled
             with
             the
             K.
             of
             
               Spain
               ,
               27
            
          
           
             She
             makes
             a
             Peace
             with
             France
             ,
             and
             resolves
             on
             a
             War
             with
             
               Spain
               ,
               29
            
          
           
             The
             Treaty
             of
             
               Cambray
               ,
               30
            
          
           
             The
             French
             Plea
             against
             the
             Restitution
             of
             
               Calais
               ,
               31
            
          
           
             She
             resolves
             to
             reform
             the
             Religion
             of
             
               England
               ,
               32
            
          
           
             The
             contending
             Religions
             equally
             balanced
             ,
             33
          
           
             Her
             first
             Parliament
             .
             The
             Complaints
             of
             the
             Popish
             Bishops
             ,
             39
          
           
             The
             Reformation
             established
             ,
             40
          
           
             The
             Miseries
             of
             Scotland
             in
             the
             Reformation
             ,
             43
          
           
             The
             Happiness
             of
             
               England
               ,
               44
            
          
           
             Her
             Care
             to
             settle
             Pious
             and
             Learned
             Bishops
             and
             Clergy-men
             ,
             45
          
           
             And
             to
             curb
             the
             immoderate
             Liberty
             of
             the
             
               Protestant
               Dissenters
               ,
               47
            
          
           
             The
             Behaviour
             of
             Pope
             
               Pius
               IV.
               50
            
          
           
             The
             Council
             of
             Trent
             restored
             :
             The
             Plea
             of
             the
             Protestants
             against
             it
             :
             The
             Popish
             Party
             inclined
             to
             Rebel
             ,
             53
          
           
             The
             Set●…lement
             of
             the
             Civil
             State
             considered
             ,
             55
          
           
             
             The
             Means
             by
             which
             she
             improved
             and
             enriched
             her
             Kingdom
             ,
             59
          
           
             Laws
             and
             Orders
             made
             for
             the
             Publick
             Good
             ,
             60
          
           
             The
             Bishops
             and
             Commons
             favoured
             ,
             as
             a
             Balance
             to
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             61
          
           
             She
             favoured
             her
             Kindred
             ,
             and
             advanced
             them
             ,
             62
          
           
             Her
             Care
             to
             abolish
             the
             evil
             Customs
             and
             bad
             Laws
             of
             former
             times
             ,
             64
          
           
             The
             Parliament
             Address
             to
             the
             Queen
             to
             Marry
             ,
             67
          
           
             Her
             Answer
             .
             Her
             Temperanee
             and
             Chastity
             ,
             71
          
           
             The
             Princes
             and
             Great
             Men
             that
             courted
             her
             ,
             73
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             
               Leicester
               ,
               75
            
          
           
             Of
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             
               Essex
               ,
               85
            
          
           
             Of
             Thomas
             Earl
             of
             
               Sussex
               ,
               89
            
          
           
             Of
             Sir
             
               William
               Cecil
            
             ,
             afterward
             created
             Lord
             
               Burleigh
               ,
               90
            
          
           
             Of
             the
             Lord
             
               Willoughby
               ,
               94
            
          
           
             Of
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Walsingham
            
             .
             Of
             Mary
             Queen
             of
             
               Scotland
               ,
               97
            
          
           
             And
             of
             Sir
             
               Nicholas
               Throgmorton
               ,
               98
            
          
           
             The
             French
             desirous
             of
             a
             War
             with
             
               England
               ,
               99
            
          
           
             They
             design
             to
             improve
             their
             Interest
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             to
             the
             Ruin
             of
             
               England
               ,
               101
            
          
           
             
             The
             Scots
             send
             to
             England
             for
             Assistance
             against
             the
             French.
             The
             Scotch
             War.
             The
             First
             Civil
             War
             in
             
               France
               ,
               110
            
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             
               Francis
               II.
            
             The
             Beginnings
             of
             the
             Misfortunes
             of
             Mary
             Queen
             of
             Scotland
             .
             The
             deplorable
             condition
             of
             Princes
             ,
             
               113
               ,
               118
            
          
           
             Murray
             comes
             into
             England
             .
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             durst
             not
             restore
             the
             Queen
             of
             the
             Scots
             to
             her
             Throne
             ,
             124
          
           
             The
             Trial
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
             the
             
               Scots
               ,
               125
            
          
           
             Foreign
             Princes
             ,
             and
             the
             Popish
             Priests
             ,
             guilty
             of
             the
             Murther
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
             the
             Scots
             .
             Rebellions
             in
             
               England
               .
               Northumberland
            
             taken
             in
             
               Scotland
               .
               Westmorland
            
             fled
             into
             Flanders
             .
             A
             second
             Rebellion
             .
             The
             Duke
             of
             Norfolk
             the
             secret
             Head
             of
             them
             .
             His
             Character
             ,
             
               141
               ,
               143
            
          
           
             They
             are
             f●…llowed
             by
             many
             Treasous
             and
             Conspiracies
             ,
             145
          
           
             Which
             occasion
             Acts
             of
             Parliament
             against
             the
             
               Recusants
               ,
               146
            
          
           
             Colleges
             built
             for
             the
             English
             Papists
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             147
          
           
             Parry's
             Conspiracy
             
               Babington's
               ,
               151
            
          
           
             A
             Justification
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             against
             the
             Reproaches
             of
             the
             Papists
             .
             A
             plentiful
             Supply
             given
             to
             the
             Queen
             .
             She
             dischargeth
             a
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             158
          
           
             
             A
             Digression
             concerning
             
               Parry
               ,
               160
            
          
           
             The
             Queen's
             Severity
             towards
             the
             Conspirators
             ,
             163
          
           
             The
             second
             Civil
             War
             in
             
               France
               ,
               165
            
          
           
             The
             third
             ,
             in
             which
             the
             Queen
             sends
             great
             Supplies
             of
             Men
             and
             Money
             ,
             167
          
           
             A
             Reflection
             concerning
             
               Passive
               Obedience
               ,
               169
            
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             France
             laboureth
             to
             divide
             the
             Protestants
             without
             success
             .
             The
             true
             Causes
             of
             these
             Civil
             Wars
             ,
             170
          
           
             The
             Queen
             preserved
             the
             Protestants
             of
             
               France
               ,
               171
            
          
           
             The
             beginning
             of
             the
             Countrey-Wars
             ,
             172
          
           
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             treacherously
             granted
             and
             recalled
             ,
             172
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Spain
             enraged
             at
             it
             ,
             174
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             design
             to
             settle
             an
             Absolute
             and
             Arbitrary
             Government
             there
             ,
             176
          
           
             Valenciennes
             commanded
             to
             receive
             a
             Garison
             ,
             177
          
           
             The
             rest
             of
             the
             Cities
             petition
             for
             a
             General
             Assembly
             of
             the
             States
             ,
             178
          
           
             The
             Designs
             of
             Spain
             discovered
             to
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             179
          
           
             Which
             at
             first
             only
             terrified
             and
             divided
             them
             ,
             181
          
           
             A
             Bloody
             Persecution
             against
             the
             Protestants
             in
             the
             
               Netherlands
               ,
               182
            
          
           
             
             The
             Breakers
             of
             Images
             not
             put
             upon
             it
             by
             the
             Reformed
             .
             The
             Character
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Alva
             .
             He
             comes
             into
             Flanders
             .
             The
             Council
             of
             Blood
             ,
             185
          
           
             Their
             Rules
             .
             The
             Counts
             of
             Egmont
             and
             Hoorne
             the
             first
             they
             seized
             ;
             and
             after
             them
             vast
             Numbers
             of
             meaner
             people
             ,
             187
          
           
             The
             Protestants
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             the
             Queen
             of
             England
             ,
             alarmed
             at
             these
             Proceedings
             ,
             188
          
           
             The
             Subjects
             of
             the
             
               Low
               Countries
            
             fly
             into
             
               England
               ,
               189
            
          
           
             The
             Conduct
             of
             King
             Philip
             considered
             .
             The
             Reasons
             why
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             opposed
             the
             
               Spaniards
               ,
               191
            
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             follow
             the
             Example
             of
             
               England
               ,
               193
            
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Spain
             complains
             of
             the
             Queen
             for
             harbouring
             the
             Netherland
             Pyrates
             ,
             194
          
           
             They
             seize
             the
             Sea-Ports
             of
             Holland
             and
             Zealand
             .
             The
             Queen
             of
             England
             undertakes
             the
             Protection
             of
             this
             oppressed
             People
             ,
             197
          
           
             The
             French
             Affairs
             during
             her
             time
             ,
             201
          
           
             A
             Private
             League
             between
             France
             and
             Spain
             against
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             203
          
           
             The
             Duke
             of
             Guise
             made
             Head
             of
             this
             League
             against
             his
             Sovereign
             ,
             204
          
           
             
             An
             Account
             of
             the
             House
             of
             
               Guise
               ,
               205
            
          
           
             The
             Reasons
             why
             Henry
             III.
             was
             to
             be
             deposed
             ,
             and
             Henry
             IV.
             excluded
             ,
             207
          
           
             The
             Queen
             Mother
             of
             France
             dieth
             of
             Grief
             .
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             assists
             Henry
             IV.
             with
             Men
             and
             Money
             ,
             209
          
           
             Spain
             invaded
             by
             the
             
               English
               ,
               211
            
          
           
             The
             Actions
             of
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             
               Essex
               ,
               212
            
          
           
             The
             Affairs
             of
             Ireland
             during
             her
             Reign
             ,
             216
          
           
             Ulster
             the
             first
             Province
             that
             rebelled
             ,
             218
          
           
             A
             Quarrel
             between
             Ormond
             and
             
               Desmond
               ,
               219
            
          
           
             The
             Pope
             and
             King
             of
             Spain
             Interested
             in
             the
             Wars
             of
             
               Ireland
               ,
               221
            
          
           
             The
             Difficulty
             of
             administring
             Justice
             and
             Mercy
             seasonably
             ,
             224
          
           
             Sr.
             
               Jo.
               Perrot
            
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             New
             Colonies
             sent
             into
             Munster
             ,
             The
             Irish
             complain
             of
             the
             
               English
               ,
               226
            
          
           
             And
             they
             of
             the
             Deputy
             ,
             227
          
           
             William's
             Character
             ,
             228
          
           
             The
             College
             of
             Dublin
             finished
             .
             The
             English
             Colonies
             keep
             Ireland
             quiet
             for
             some
             time
             .
             Part
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Armado
             Shipwrackt
             on
             the
             Coast
             of
             
               Ireland
               ,
               229
            
          
           
             The
             Rise
             of
             
               Hugh
               Oneale
            
             ,
             Earl
             of
             
               Tyrone
               ,
               232
            
          
           
             
             He
             aspires
             to
             be
             King
             of
             
               Ulster
               .
               Tyrone
            
             made
             a
             County
             ,
             which
             occasioned
             that
             Rebellion
             ,
             233
          
           
             Sir
             
               William
               Russell
            
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             under
             whom
             it
             began
             ,
             234
          
           
             Sir
             
               John
               Norris
            
             sent
             into
             
               Ireland
               ,
               235
            
          
           
             The
             Irish
             made
             very
             Expert
             in
             the
             use
             of
             Arms.
             Tho.
             Lord
             Burroughs
             made
             Deputy
             .
             The
             Council
             of
             Ireland
             represent
             the
             Irish
             War
             as
             an
             Universal
             Rebellion
             of
             the
             whole
             Nation
             ,
             241
          
           
             Tyrone
             beats
             the
             
               English
               ,
               243
            
          
           
             He
             treats
             with
             Spain
             and
             England
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             244
          
           
             The
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             sent
             Deputy
             .
             The
             Lord
             Montjoy
             sent
             Deputy
             ,
             246
          
           
             No
             Irish
             pardoned
             but
             what
             merited
             the
             favour
             by
             some
             Signal
             Service
             ,
             247
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             land
             at
             Kingsale
             .
             The
             Irish
             reduced
             to
             eat
             man's
             Flesh
             ,
             248
          
           
             Religion
             causlesly
             made
             the
             Pretence
             of
             this
             Irish
             War.
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             considered
             ,
             249
          
           
             The
             great
             Reputation
             of
             England
             in
             Queen
             Elizabeth's
             time
             ,
             250
          
           
             Sir
             Drake's
             Original
             and
             Story
             ,
             253
          
           
             The
             Story
             of
             
               John
               Oxenham
               ,
               256
            
          
           
             Drake's
             two
             Voyages
             into
             
               America
               ,
               258
            
          
           
             The
             Story
             of
             Mr.
             
               Tho.
               Cavendish
               ,
               263
            
          
           
             
             Philip
             ,
             King
             of
             Spam
             ,
             highly
             inc●…nsed
             against
             the
             
               English
               ,
               265
            
          
           
             The
             
               Invincible
               Armado
               .
               Charles
            
             Lord
             Howard
             Admiral
             of
             England
             .
             The
             Condition
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Fleet
             when
             the
             English
             left
             it
             ,
             273
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Spain
             bears
             his
             Loss
             with
             much
             patience
             and
             prudence
             ,
             275
          
           
             The
             English
             and
             Hollanders
             glorify
             God
             for
             the
             Victory
             over
             the
             Spaniards
             at
             Sea
             ,
             277
          
           
             The
             Queen
             declares
             a
             War
             against
             
               Spain
               ,
               278
            
          
           
             The
             English
             Expeditions
             against
             that
             Kingdom
             .
             A
             rare
             Example
             of
             Martial
             Valour
             .
             Complaints
             made
             of
             the
             Depredations
             of
             the
             English
             at
             Sea
             ,
             285
          
           
             The
             
               Hanse
               Towns
            
             very
             clamorous
             against
             the
             
               English
               ,
               287
            
          
           
             The
             Trade
             of
             England
             prohibited
             in
             
               Germany
               ,
               288
            
          
           
             The
             Queen
             seizes
             the
             
               Still-yard
               ,
               289
            
          
           
             Poland
             continues
             a
             Trade
             with
             
               England
               ,
               291
            
          
           
             The
             Queen
             ends
             a
             War
             between
             the
             Russ
             and
             
               Swedes
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             Her
             Laws
             for
             the
             enriching
             her
             Subjects
             .
             Her
             Severity
             to
             those
             she
             imployed
             ,
             when
             found
             faulty
             ,
             292
          
           
             The
             Liberty
             of
             the
             Theatre
             restrained
             ,
             297
          
           
             
             The
             Calamities
             that
             happened
             in
             her
             times
             ,
             298
          
           
             Her
             kindness
             to
             her
             good
             Magistrates
             ,
             299
          
           
             Her
             tender
             care
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             300
          
           
             Her
             Stature
             and
             Personal
             Accomplishments
             ,
             301
          
           
             She
             was
             concerned
             in
             her
             old
             Age
             for
             the
             decay
             of
             her
             Beauty
             .
             She
             loved
             Flattery
             ,
             because
             it
             raised
             a
             good
             opinion
             of
             her
             in
             her
             Subjects
             ;
             but
             Crafty
             men
             made
             ill
             uses
             of
             it
             ,
             303
          
           
             She
             loved
             good
             Preachers
             ,
             307
          
           
             She
             loved
             Religion
             ,
             but
             hated
             Faction
             ,
             308
          
           
             Her
             Devotion
             in
             publick
             .
             She
             exposed
             her
             Life
             for
             the
             Safety
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             309
          
           
             She
             humoured
             and
             caressed
             the
             body
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             310
          
           
             Parliaments
             frequently
             held
             ,
             312
          
           
             Her
             Maxims
             concerning
             Peace
             and
             War
             ,
             314
          
           
             She
             would
             never
             arm
             the
             meanest
             of
             the
             People
             .
             All
             honours
             carefully
             and
             sparingly
             bestowed
             in
             her
             time
             ,
             315
          
           
             Her
             Justice
             and
             Severity
             towards
             Offenders
             ,
             which
             made
             her
             beloved
             ,
             317
          
           
             Her
             Justice
             in
             other
             Instances
             ,
             322
          
           
             
             She
             was
             sparing
             in
             her
             Personal
             Expences
             ,
             but
             magnificent
             in
             her
             Publick
             ,
             323
          
           
             She
             was
             too
             sparing
             in
             her
             Rewards
             .
             She
             shewed
             a
             great
             respect
             to
             the
             memory
             of
             the
             meanest
             Soldier
             that
             perished
             in
             her
             Service
             ,
             327
          
           
             The
             Praises
             of
             Henry
             VII
             .
             who
             was
             her
             Example
             ,
             329
          
           
             Her
             Bounty
             to
             some
             Great
             Men
             ,
             330
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             her
             bestowing
             Honours
             333
          
           
             The
             choice
             of
             her
             Servants
             ,
             Officers
             ,
             and
             Ministers
             ,
             335
          
           
             Her
             kindness
             to
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Church-men
             ,
             337
          
           
             Her
             Principal
             Favourites
             and
             Statesmen
             ,
             338
          
           
             Her
             Habit
             ,
             339
          
           
             Her
             Furniture
             ,
             341
          
           
             Her
             Dyet
             in
             publick
             and
             private
             ,
             342
          
           
             The
             Splendor
             and
             Divertisements
             of
             her
             Court
             ,
             344
          
           
             Her
             private
             way
             of
             living
             ,
             346
          
           
             Her
             Summer
             Progresses
             ,
             and
             her
             Carriage
             towards
             the
             People
             ,
             348
          
           
             She
             spent
             the
             Winter
             in
             
               London
               ,
               350
            
          
           
             Her
             Diet
             in
             Summer
             and
             Winter
             ,
             352
          
           
             Her
             Diversions
             and
             Private
             Conversation
             ,
             353
          
           
             She
             was
             subject
             to
             violent
             Anger
             's
             ,
             355
          
           
             
             Her
             Sevērity
             to
             the
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             .
             To
             
               Leicester
               ,
               358
            
          
           
             To
             
               Hatton
               ,
               360
            
          
           
             The
             Provocations
             she
             met
             with
             ,
             many
             and
             great
             ,
             361
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             Sanders
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             who
             defamed
             her
             ,
             363
          
           
             Her
             last
             Sickness
             ,
             367
          
           
             he
             spent
             the
             last
             moments
             of
             her
             life
             in
             Devotion
             ,
             371
          
           
             Her
             last
             Words
             and
             Death
             ,
             373
          
           
             The
             Sorrow
             for
             her
             Death
             at
             Home
             and
             Abroad
             .
             374
          
        
         
           LICENS'D
           November
           
             10.
             1692.
          
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           THE
           CHARACTER
           OF
           Queen
           ELIZABETH
           .
        
         
           ELIZABETH
           ,
           Queen
           
           of
           England
           ,
           was
           born
           at
           Greenwich
           the
           7th
           of
           September
           1533.
           
           Her
           Father
           was
           Henry
           the
           VIIIth
           ,
           Her
           Mother
           was
           the
           Lady
           
             Anna
             Boleyn
          
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Boleyn
          
           ,
           a
           Knight
           of
           great
           Estate
           and
           Esteem
           .
           After
           She
           came
           to
           wear
           the
           Royal
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           She
           had
           a
           particular
           Affection
           for
           Greenwich
           ,
           that
           Pleasant
           Seat
           upon
           the
           Thames
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           place
           of
           Her
           Nativity
           :
           and
           upon
           that
           account
           ,
           amongst
           many
           others
           ,
           She
           preferr'd
           Her
           Palace
           there
           before
           all
           Her
           other
           Country
           Seats
           near
           London
           ;
           as
           in
           truth
           it
           enjoys
           one
           of
           the
           Noblest
           Prospects
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           an
           healthful
           ,
           
           and
           a
           pleasing
           Air.
           From
           Her
           very
           Cradle
           She
           was
           exposed
           to
           the
           Hazards
           and
           Hardships
           of
           an
           unkind
           Fortune
           .
           
             Anna
             Boleyn
          
           Her
           Mother
           ,
           upon
           the
           Death
           of
           Queen
           Catherine
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1535.
           the
           8th
           of
           January
           ,
           was
           Arraigned
           for
           Treason
           ;
           and
           in
           1536.
           being
           Sentenced
           ,
           was
           freed
           by
           Death
           from
           a
           bloody
           Marriage
           ,
           the
           19th
           of
           May.
           The
           Inveterate
           Malice
           of
           the
           Popish
           Clergy
           having
           ever
           since
           pursued
           this
           Match
           with
           their
           Reproaches
           as
           unlawful
           and
           void
           ;
           because
           Queen
           Catherine
           his
           first
           Wife
           was
           then
           still
           living
           ,
           and
           very
           much
           inraged
           at
           it
           ,
           tho'
           to
           no
           purpose
           .
           Hereupon
           soon
           after
           a
           Parliament
           was
           summoned
           ,
           which
           began
           the
           8th
           of
           June
           ;
           In
           which
           the
           
             Issue
             of
             both
             the
             King
             's
             former
             Marriages
             was
             declared
             Illegitimate
             ,
             and
             for
             ever
             excluded
             from
             claiming
             the
             Inheritance
             of
             the
             Crown
             as
             the
             King
             's
             Lawful
             Heirs
             by
             Lineal
             Descent
             ;
             and
             the
             Attainder
             of
             Queen
          
           Ann
           ,
           
             and
             her
             Complices
             ,
             was
             Confirmed
             .
          
           So
           that
           by
           Authority
           of
           Parliament
           She
           stood
           wholly
           incapacitated
           as
           to
           the
           wearing
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           .
           Her
           only
           Support
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           under
           all
           these
           Injuries
           and
           Afflictions
           was
           the
           Goodness
           of
           God.
           
        
         
         
           The
           King
           Her
           Father
           observing
           in
           
           Her
           a
           Noble
           Presence
           of
           Mind
           ,
           a
           good
           Memory
           ,
           great
           Apprehension
           ,
           an
           Excellent
           Nature
           ,
           and
           good
           Dispositions
           towards
           Piety
           and
           Vertue
           ,
           caused
           Her
           to
           be
           diligently
           educated
           and
           brought
           up
           in
           Learning
           ,
           and
           taught
           whatever
           was
           suitable
           to
           Her
           Birth
           and
           Age.
           Her
           Tutoress
           was
           the
           Lady
           Champernon
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           great
           Worth
           ,
           who
           formed
           this
           great
           Wit
           from
           Her
           Infancy
           ,
           and
           improved
           Her
           Native
           Modesty
           with
           wise
           Counsels
           ,
           and
           a
           Liberal
           and
           Sage
           Advice
           .
           Thus
           Her
           Natural
           Parts
           were
           in
           progress
           of
           time
           polished
           and
           improved
           by
           the
           knowledge
           of
           many
           of
           the
           best
           and
           most
           useful
           Arts
           :
           That
           when
           She
           came
           to
           Reign
           (
           which
           was
           even
           then
           supposed
           )
           She
           might
           manage
           Her
           Affairs
           with
           a
           steady
           hand
           ,
           happily
           and
           regularly
           Administer
           Justice
           ,
           and
           shew
           Mercy
           ,
           cure
           Her
           Anger
           ,
           and
           govern
           prudently
           all
           Her
           other
           Passions
           and
           Affections
           .
           The
           King
           Her
           Father
           ,
           the
           day
           after
           Her
           Mother
           was
           beheaded
           ,
           married
           the
           Lady
           
             Jane
             Seymour
          
           ;
           and
           this
           New
           Queen
           ,
           what
           from
           the
           sweetness
           of
           Her
           Disposition
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           compliance
           with
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           loved
           Her
           very
           much
           ,
           was
           as
           kind
           to
           Her
           as
           
           if
           She
           had
           been
           Her
           Mother
           .
           There
           is
           still
           extant
           two
           Letters
           written
           by
           this
           Young
           Princess
           to
           Her
           ,
           the
           one
           in
           Italian
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           in
           English
           ,
           in
           a
           fair
           Hand
           ,
           the
           same
           She
           wrote
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           Her
           Life
           ,
           when
           She
           was
           not
           full
           Four
           years
           of
           Age.
           The
           English
           Letter
           is
           
             
               Page
            
             209
          
           printed
           in
           the
           First
           Part
           of
           Dr.
           Burnet's
           
             History
             of
             the
             Reformation
          
           ,
           and
           bears
           date
           in
           July
           1537.
           
        
         
           This
           Ripe
           and
           Flourishing
           Infancy
           
           was
           a
           good
           Omen
           ,
           that
           the
           next
           Stage
           of
           Her
           Life
           would
           be
           most
           Excellent
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           ,
           before
           She
           was
           17
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           She
           had
           made
           a
           very
           great
           progress
           in
           all
           the
           Liberal
           Sciences
           ;
           so
           easily
           did
           She
           apprehend
           ,
           and
           firmly
           retain
           whatever
           She
           was
           taught
           .
           The
           Learned
           Mr.
           
             Roger
             Ashcam
          
           (
           a
           man
           born
           and
           bred
           for
           that
           Age
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           refine
           the
           Greek
           and
           Latin
           to
           a
           Politeness
           ,
           and
           raise
           them
           to
           an
           Eloquence
           )
           was
           Her
           Tutor
           for
           the
           Latin
           Tongue
           ;
           and
           by
           his
           Industry
           and
           Diligence
           he
           directed
           Her
           so
           well
           ,
           that
           from
           
             Cicero
             ,
             Pliny
          
           and
           Livy
           ,
           She
           became
           the
           Mistress
           of
           an
           Even
           ,
           Beautiful
           ,
           pure
           ,
           unmixed
           ,
           and
           truly
           Princely
           Stile
           ,
           which
           She
           could
           speak
           with
           Elegance
           and
           Facility
           .
           As
           She
           became
           thus
           Eloquent
           ,
           and
           was
           
           well
           furnished
           with
           Knowledge
           by
           the
           means
           of
           this
           Tongue
           ;
           so
           upon
           all
           Occasions
           She
           was
           ready
           afterwards
           to
           express
           Her
           Love
           and
           Esteem
           for
           the
           Latin
           Tongue
           .
           She
           became
           so
           perfect
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           she
           spoke
           it
           with
           all
           the
           Advantages
           of
           Eloquence
           ;
           so
           that
           some
           of
           Her
           Extemporary
           Orations
           were
           deservedly
           approved
           by
           both
           the
           Universities
           ,
           and
           they
           too
           are
           consigned
           to
           Eternity
           ,
           and
           left
           a
           lasting
           Impression
           on
           the
           minds
           of
           them
           that
           heard
           them
           ,
           though
           few
           of
           them
           are
           now
           extant
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           there
           is
           one
           preserved
           and
           published
           by
           Mr.
           Fuller
           in
           his
           History
           of
           Cambridge
           ,
           Page
           138.
           
           In
           this
           Tongue
           She
           did
           not
           make
           it
           Her
           business
           ,
           whilst
           She
           was
           reading
           the
           best
           Latin
           Authors
           ,
           to
           furnish
           Her
           Memory
           with
           Grammatical
           Observations
           ,
           or
           a
           plenty
           of
           high
           sounding
           Words
           ,
           or
           Elegant
           Phrases
           ,
           which
           might
           help
           to
           exalt
           her
           Reputation
           for
           Learning
           ,
           or
           adorn
           Her
           Stile
           :
           But
           She
           treasured
           up
           those
           Precepts
           very
           carefully
           ,
           which
           were
           useful
           for
           the
           government
           of
           Her
           Life
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           managing
           Her
           Private
           Affairs
           ,
           or
           those
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           well
           and
           wisely
           .
           To
           this
           end
           She
           read
           Livy's
           
             History
             ,
             Tacitus
          
           his
           
             Annals
             ,
             the
             Acts
             of
             Tiberius
          
           
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           and
           all
           Seneca's
           Works
           .
           By
           all
           which
           She
           at
           last
           furnished
           Her
           Judgment
           with
           the
           best
           Remedies
           against
           all
           the
           Attacks
           of
           Fortune
           :
           With
           an
           equal
           Industry
           She
           read
           over
           all
           the
           best
           of
           the
           
             Greek
             Orators
             and
             Historians
          
           ;
           with
           the
           Assistance
           of
           Mr.
           Ashcam
           She
           read
           
             Isocrates
             ,
             Aeschinis
          
           and
           Demosthenes
           .
           She
           was
           curious
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           understand
           the
           Propriety
           of
           the
           Greek
           Idiom
           ,
           and
           the
           Sense
           of
           the
           Author
           ,
           but
           pried
           into
           the
           Antiquities
           that
           occurr'd
           ,
           the
           Causes
           they
           managed
           ,
           the
           Decrees
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           the
           Customs
           of
           the
           Gr●…cians
           ,
           and
           the
           Manners
           of
           that
           Famous
           City
           of
           Athens
           ,
           till
           She
           throughly
           understood
           them
           .
           She
           caused
           Sir
           
             John
             Fortescue
          
           ,
           a
           great
           Master
           in
           the
           Greek
           and
           Latin
           Tongue
           ,
           to
           read
           to
           Her
           
             Thucidides
             ,
             Xenophon
          
           and
           Polybins
           ,
           and
           after
           them
           
             Euripides
             ,
             Aeschines
          
           and
           Sophocles
           :
           And
           to
           reward
           him
           for
           this
           Service
           ,
           She
           afterwards
           made
           him
           Master
           of
           her
           
             Wardrove
             ,
             and
             Chancellor
             ,
             and
             Under-Treasurer
             of
             the
             Exchequer
          
           ;
           And
           She
           would
           afterwards
           say
           ,
           that
           
             Fortescue
             for
             Integrity
          
           ,
           and
           
             Walsingham
             for
             Subtilty
             ,
             out-did
             Her
             Expectation
          
           ;
           no
           wonder
           then
           that
           he
           was
           ever
           of
           Her
           Privy
           Council
           .
           She
           had
           afterwards
           a
           great
           Love
           for
           Sir
           
           
             Henry
             Savil
          
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           various
           and
           great
           Learning
           ,
           who
           afterwards
           composed
           many
           noble
           Volumes
           ,
           and
           arose
           to
           Honout
           purely
           by
           his
           Learnning
           .
        
         
           In
           Her
           reading
           She
           did
           not
           only
           aim
           
           to
           understand
           Her
           Author
           ,
           and
           observe
           the
           
             softness
             of
             the
             Attick
             ,
             and
             the
             sweetness
             of
             the
             Greek
             Tongue
             ,
          
           which
           may
           serve
           for
           Ostentation
           :
           But
           She
           mado
           many
           Observations
           for
           the
           Tempering
           of
           Manners
           ;
           The
           Sanctity
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           the
           allaying
           Humane
           Passions
           ,
           that
           nothing
           might
           be
           done
           by
           Her
           Angrily
           ,
           Proudly
           ,
           Injuriously
           ,
           and
           beyond
           the
           Rules
           of
           Civility
           .
           There
           was
           not
           one
           remarkable
           Story
           or
           Expression
           in
           all
           the
           Works
           of
           Thucidides
           and
           Xenophon
           ,
           pertaining
           to
           the
           Governmene
           of
           Life
           or
           Manners
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           ordering
           Publick
           Affairs
           ,
           but
           She
           had
           it
           by
           heart
           .
           She
           was
           as
           great
           an
           Admirer
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           as
           of
           Eloquence
           ;
           by
           which
           She
           attained
           the
           Knowledg
           of
           many
           excellent
           Things
           ;
           and
           that
           civil
           Prudence
           or
           Policy
           which
           is
           so
           absolutely
           necessary
           for
           all
           Princes
           ,
           And
           besides
           all
           that
           civil
           Prudence
           and
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           Governing
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           Publick
           Utility
           is
           acquired
           and
           improved
           ,
           She
           drew
           from
           the
           Ancient
           and
           
           most
           Noble
           Philosophers
           all
           those
           Precepts
           that
           they
           have
           set
           down
           for
           the
           gaining
           
             Moral
             Prudence
             and
             Vertue
          
           :
           For
           Her
           greatest
           Care
           was
           spent
           in
           the
           Cultivating
           these
           two
           beautiful
           Parts
           of
           Philosophy
           .
           I
           will
           omit
           the
           common
           Philosophers
           ,
           of
           whose
           Learning
           and
           Doctrine
           She
           was
           a
           great
           Lover
           .
           The
           
             Divine
             Plato
          
           ,
           that
           illustrious
           Light
           of
           Greece
           ,
           was
           made
           more
           Noble
           by
           the
           Hands
           of
           this
           Heroick
           Princess
           .
           Aristotle
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Philosophers
           ,
           the
           acute
           Master
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           was
           read
           by
           Her
           :
           She
           was
           throughly
           acquainted
           with
           Xenophon's
           
             Cyrus
             ;
             a
             Piece
             not
             writ
             with
             the
             Truth
             of
             an
             Historian
             ;
             but
             to
             represent
             the
             lively
             Image
             of
             a
             Just
             and
             Moderate
             Prince
             ,
          
           accomplished
           with
           all
           those
           Endowments
           which
           the
           Great
           Soerates
           had
           set
           sorth
           ,
           for
           the
           living
           well
           and
           happily
           .
        
         
           Being
           thus
           prepared
           by
           Philosophy
           ,
           
           she
           was
           ,
           by
           the
           Learned
           Dr.
           
             Grindal
             ,
             Professor
             of
             Divinity
          
           ,
           initiated
           in
           Theology
           ;
           which
           above
           all
           other
           Sciences
           ,
           teacheth
           the
           Worship
           of
           God
           ,
           Pure
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           Heavenly
           Happiness
           ;
           and
           by
           these
           disposeth
           men
           to
           Justice
           ,
           Modesty
           ,
           Clemency
           ,
           Magnanimity
           ,
           and
           Humanity
           .
           She
           
           chearfully
           and
           readily
           embraced
           a
           genuine
           and
           true
           Theology
           ,
           free
           from
           fictitious
           Legends
           ,
           and
           the
           Popish
           Superstitions
           ,
           which
           she
           afterwards
           made
           more
           venerable
           ,
           by
           an
           holy
           and
           pious
           Life
           ,
           without
           any
           Ostentation
           .
           And
           being
           of
           a
           Great
           Wit
           ,
           and
           a
           Strong
           Memory
           ,
           She
           drew
           from
           the
           Annals
           of
           all
           Nations
           and
           People
           the
           Actions
           of
           the
           Greatest
           Princes
           ,
           and
           an
           innumerable
           number
           of
           their
           Fights
           ,
           and
           most
           Illustrious
           Victories
           .
           She
           would
           frequently
           set
           before
           Her
           the
           Monuments
           of
           Her
           Predeccssors
           ,
           the
           ●…riumphs
           and
           incredible
           Victories
           obtained
           by
           the
           English
           at
           
             Cressy
             ,
             Poictiers
             ,
             Agincourt
          
           ,
           or
           Blagni
           ,
           and
           at
           Vernevil
           ,
           against
           the
           French
           ,
           with
           a
           vast
           effusion
           of
           their
           blood
           ;
           and
           she
           would
           frequently
           say
           ,
           These
           Victories
           were
           owing
           more
           to
           the
           Assistances
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           than
           the
           Arms
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           .
        
         
           Besides
           the
           
             French
             ,
             Italian
          
           ,
           and
           English
           
           Tongues
           ,
           which
           She
           spake
           freely
           ,
           She
           well
           understood
           most
           of
           the
           common
           Languages
           now
           spoken
           in
           Europe
           ;
           but
           as
           to
           these
           Three
           I
           have
           mentioned
           ,
           it
           was
           hard
           to
           say
           which
           she
           knew
           best
           .
           Of
           this
           there
           were
           many
           witnesses
           ,
           when
           She
           answered
           the
           Imperial
           Ambassador
           
           in
           Italian
           ;
           the
           French
           ,
           in
           French
           ;
           and
           the
           Sweden
           in
           Latin
           ,
           Sharply
           ,
           Prudently
           ,
           Pertinently
           ,
           Elegantly
           ,
           and
           Politely
           ,
           without
           any
           time
           taken
           to
           consider
           of
           it
           .
           She
           gave
           
             de
             Ronsard
          
           ,
           a
           French
           Poet
           ,
           a
           Diamond
           of
           great
           Value
           ,
           as
           a
           Testimony
           of
           Her
           approving
           his
           elegant
           and
           splendid
           Poems
           in
           that
           Tongue
           .
           She
           understood
           Musick
           very
           well
           ,
           and
           could
           Sing
           ,
           Dance
           ,
           and
           Play
           on
           the
           Lute
           ,
           with
           a
           composed
           Motion
           of
           Body
           ,
           attended
           with
           a
           Countenance
           ,
           Habit
           ,
           and
           Gesture
           ,
           which
           became
           a
           Queen
           .
           She
           was
           a
           great
           Lover
           of
           Consorts
           ,
           when
           Voices
           were
           mixed
           with
           Instruments
           of
           Musick
           ;
           and
           at
           such
           times
           She
           would
           be
           strangely
           Facetious
           and
           Pleasant
           .
           She
           spent
           Her
           times
           of
           Leisure
           and
           Diversion
           ,
           with
           the
           greatest
           Pleasure
           that
           was
           possible
           to
           Her Self
           ,
           and
           those
           about
           Her.
           Yet
           after
           all
           ,
           Her
           Virtues
           procured
           Her
           more
           Honour
           and
           Esteem
           in
           all
           Nations
           ,
           than
           all
           these
           Ornaments
           of
           Industry
           ,
           Learning
           ,
           and
           Ingenuity
           ,
           though
           they
           appeared
           in
           Her
           to
           an
           higher
           and
           more
           illustrious
           degree
           ,
           than
           ever
           was
           found
           in
           any
           other
           Lady
           ;
           and
           were
           attended
           also
           with
           the
           greatest
           Sagacity
           and
           Judgment
           :
           For
           there
           was
           not
           any
           
           Person
           in
           Her
           Times
           ,
           that
           exceeded
           Her
           in
           
             Chastity
             ,
             Piety
             ,
             Justice
          
           ,
           and
           Magnanimity
           .
        
         
           Now
           I
           have
           shortly
           shown
           the
           Beginnings
           
           and
           Progress
           of
           Her
           Virtues
           ,
           and
           the
           Means
           and
           Degrees
           by
           which
           She
           attained
           to
           them
           :
           It
           will
           be
           pleasant
           to
           shew
           how
           she
           brought
           them
           into
           Act
           under
           the
           Reign
           of
           Her
           Brother
           ,
           EDWARD
           the
           VIth
           ,
           (
           who
           by
           the
           Consent
           of
           the
           Three
           Estates
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           abolished
           the
           
             Popish
             Religion
          
           ,
           and
           introduced
           the
           Reformed
           )
           .
           She
           having
           then
           attained
           to
           great
           degrees
           of
           Piety
           ,
           Eloquence
           ,
           and
           Learning
           ,
           went
           on
           in
           the
           commendable
           Improvement
           of
           all
           those
           Perfections
           She
           had
           received
           from
           the
           Bounty
           of
           Nature
           or
           Fortune
           .
           She
           rendred
           Her
           
             Royal
             Extraction
          
           more
           illustrious
           ,
           by
           the
           Assistances
           She
           took
           every
           day
           from
           Books
           ;
           and
           when
           She
           had
           spent
           the
           time
           She
           had
           assigned
           to
           
             Polite
             Learning
          
           ,
           She
           betook
           Her self
           every
           day
           to
           the
           more
           severe
           Studies
           of
           Religion
           ,
           with
           a
           vigorous
           and
           lively
           Affection
           .
           She
           read
           over
           
             Melancth●…n's
             Common-Places
          
           ;
           and
           gained
           very
           much
           by
           an
           exact
           and
           acurate
           Perusal
           of
           the
           
             Sacred
             Scriptures
          
           :
           There
           were
           innumerable
           Sentences
           in
           the
           
             New
             Testament
          
           ,
           and
           the
           
           
             Oracles
             of
             the
             Prophets
          
           ,
           which
           She
           had
           treasured
           up
           in
           Her
           Memory
           ,
           and
           which
           She
           would
           afterwards
           upon
           occasion
           mention
           ;
           and
           She
           attended
           the
           Offices
           of
           Religion
           and
           Piety
           ,
           with
           great
           Devotion
           and
           Care.
           She
           often
           addressed
           Her
           devoutest
           Prayers
           to
           God
           ,
           and
           implored
           his
           Assistance
           ,
           for
           the
           obtaining
           a
           Chast
           Heart
           ,
           a
           Pure
           and
           Unspotted
           Life
           ,
           and
           a
           Steady
           and
           Constant
           Soul.
           The
           Wills
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           England
           were
           then
           divided
           ,
           and
           their
           Opinions
           distracted
           in
           the
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ;
           and
           She
           then
           shewed
           to
           mankind
           the
           true
           and
           
             salutary
             Doctrine
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             by
             Words
             ,
             as
             by
             a
             holy
             Life
             ,
             and
             good
             Actions
             .
          
           She
           attentively
           heard
           the
           Sermons
           of
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           not
           only
           to
           please
           Her self
           with
           their
           Oratory
           ,
           but
           admitted
           them
           into
           the
           most
           intimate
           Recesses
           of
           Her
           heart
           ,
           with
           an
           incredible
           satisfaction
           ;
           and
           She
           joined
           devoutly
           and
           constantly
           in
           the
           Liturgy
           and
           Prayers
           of
           the
           Church
           .
        
         
           The
           Death
           of
           Edward
           the
           VIth
           ,
           Her
           
           beloved
           Brother
           ,
           in
           his
           Childhood
           ,
           in
           the
           very
           Blossom
           of
           a
           promising
           Spring
           ,
           tho
           he
           was
           snatched
           away
           from
           Her
           by
           an
           immature
           Fate
           ,
           to
           the
           damage
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ;
           yet
           it
           gave
           no
           stop
           or
           affright
           
           to
           Her
           Piety
           ,
           but
           She
           consolated
           Her self
           with
           the
           Immortal
           Glory
           he
           had
           acquired
           in
           the
           short
           time
           he
           lived
           .
        
         
           ●…o
           him
           succeeded
           MARY
           Her
           Sister
           ,
           
           who
           always
           adhered
           stifly
           to
           the
           old
           way
           of
           Worship
           ,
           and
           the
           Ceremonies
           and
           Superstitions
           of
           the
           
             Church
             of
             Rome
          
           ,
           even
           when
           they
           were
           abolished
           by
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           ;
           and
           having
           now
           got
           the
           Crown
           ,
           made
           it
           Her
           greatest
           Design
           not
           only
           to
           restore
           the
           Pomp
           and
           Splendor
           of
           it
           as
           before
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           compel
           all
           her
           Subjects
           to
           submit
           to
           it
           by
           Force
           ,
           Threats
           ,
           Banishment
           ,
           and
           most
           Ba●…barous
           Deaths
           and
           Cruelties
           .
           To
           this
           purpose
           also
           she
           called
           over
           
             Cardinal
             Reginald
             Pool
          
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           rare
           Learning
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           very
           Innocent
           Life
           and
           Conversation
           ;
           and
           which
           is
           rarely
           to
           be
           found
           in
           the
           men
           of
           that
           Persuasion
           ,
           of
           a
           great
           
             Pro●…ity
             ,
             Candor
             ,
             and
             Sweetness
             of
             Temper
             .
          
           The
           Popish
           Religion
           being
           thus
           restored
           ,
           there
           were
           New
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           New
           Preachers
           ,
           sought
           for
           ,
           to
           recommend
           it
           to
           the
           Nation
           ;
           and
           the
           Honest
           ,
           Innocent
           ,
           Religious
           ,
           Good
           men
           ,
           who
           had
           set
           the
           Crown
           upon
           Her
           Head
           ,
           upon
           Her
           Promise
           to
           Protect
           the
           Religion
           which
           She
           found
           Established
           ,
           were
           oppressed
           by
           
           the
           Fury
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           which
           spread
           it self
           over
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           no
           place
           free
           from
           their
           Religious
           Butchery
           .
           The
           Princess
           ELIZABETH
           ,
           in
           these
           doleful
           times
           seeing
           her self
           deprived
           of
           the
           Protection
           of
           a
           Kind
           Brother
           ,
           deserted
           by
           Her
           Friends
           ,
           and
           betrayed
           by
           Her
           Enemies
           ,
           had
           not
           the
           least
           hope
           of
           enjoying
           the
           Free
           Exercise
           of
           the
           True
           Religion
           .
           Nor
           was
           this
           Calamity
           thought
           enough
           ;
           but
           Her
           Popish
           ●…nemies
           persecuted
           Her
           ,
           under
           the
           pretence
           She
           had
           Conspired
           with
           Sir
           
             ●…homas
             Wiat
          
           to
           Destroy
           Her
           Sister
           ;
           tho
           at
           his
           death
           he
           declared
           to
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           She
           had
           no
           hand
           in
           his
           Insurrection
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           Her
           Sister
           was
           glad
           of
           this
           pretence
           to
           use
           Her
           ill
           ;
           and
           being
           spurr'd
           on
           by
           Her
           Popish
           Bishops
           ,
           who
           were
           highly
           cnraged
           against
           Her
           ,
           as
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           She
           was
           sent
           close
           Prisoner
           to
           the
           Castle
           of
           WOODSTOCK
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1554.
           
           Thus
           She
           saw
           Her self
           deprived
           at
           once
           of
           all
           her
           Friends
           ,
           and
           Her
           Liberty
           too
           :
           Her
           Servants
           and
           Friends
           abroad
           were
           many
           of
           them
           Attainted
           ,
           and
           others
           forced
           to
           seek
           their
           Safety
           in
           Foreign
           Countries
           :
           And
           the
           Protestants
           in
           great
           Numbers
           
           became
           a
           Sacrifice
           to
           the
           Rage
           of
           the
           
             Popish
             Bishops
          
           :
           So
           that
           no
           Orator
           is
           able
           truly
           and
           effectually
           to
           represent
           in
           words
           the
           Desolations
           and
           Calamities
           of
           those
           times
           .
           Many
           ,
           however
           ,
           of
           the
           most
           Learned
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           during
           this
           storm
           ,
           betook
           themselves
           to
           Germany
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           safest
           Harbour
           :
           The
           rest
           who
           could
           not
           make
           a
           timely
           Escape
           were
           committed
           to
           Prisons
           ,
           tormented
           with
           various
           Arts
           of
           Cruelty
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           burnt
           alive
           :
           The
           Publick
           places
           of
           our
           Cities
           were
           bathed
           with
           the
           Blood
           of
           Innocent
           and
           Holy
           men
           ;
           and
           our
           streets
           were
           filled
           with
           the
           dreadful
           shrieks
           and
           groans
           of
           the
           miserable
           ;
           men
           from
           their
           souls
           detesting
           the
           Cruelty
           of
           the
           Popish
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           the
           infamous
           Inhumanity
           of
           these
           Marian
           
           Times
           .
           The
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           was
           a
           sorrowful
           Spectator
           of
           this
           Tragedy
           ;
           but
           for
           all
           the
           fear
           she
           lived
           in
           ,
           and
           the
           repeated
           Threats
           of
           Her
           Sister
           ,
           She
           stood
           her
           ground
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           be
           withdrawn
           from
           the
           Religion
           She
           had
           embraced
           ,
           and
           in
           Her
           Conscience
           approved
           ;
           but
           bore
           all
           with
           an
           undaunted
           and
           Heroick
           Courage
           The
           Chearfulness
           of
           Her
           Temper
           soon
           overcame
           the
           Greatness
           of
           the
           Calamity
           ,
           the
           
           Melancholy
           of
           a
           Prison
           ,
           and
           the
           Fear
           of
           Her
           Sister
           The
           Bitterness
           of
           Her
           Misfortunes
           was
           much
           allayed
           also
           ,
           by
           discovering
           to
           Her
           how
           tenderly
           the
           People
           loved
           her
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Joy
           of
           this
           ,
           over
           balanced
           the
           Calamities
           of
           the
           Times
           ,
           and
           the
           Frowns
           of
           Fortune
           .
           In
           the
           midst
           of
           such
           over-whelming
           Sorrows
           ,
           Suspicions
           ,
           and
           the
           Fears
           of
           an
           Ignominious
           Death
           ,
           no
           mortal
           ever
           saw
           her
           dejected
           or
           dispirited
           .
           When
           the
           fears
           of
           Her
           Treacherous
           and
           Perfidious
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           Violence
           encompassed
           Her
           ,
           Good
           Reason
           encouraged
           Her
           ;
           a
           Sound
           Mind
           ,
           and
           a
           Quiet
           Conscience
           supported
           Her
           under
           Her
           Misfortunes
           ,
           and
           Her
           Hope
           and
           Trust
           in
           the
           Goodness
           and
           Mercy
           of
           God
           ,
           overcame
           all
           assaults
           of
           Despair
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           not
           my
           Purpose
           to
           make
           the
           
           Reigns
           of
           Henry
           the
           VIII
           ,
           and
           
             Qeeen
             Mary
          
           odious
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           will
           not
           spend
           my
           time
           in
           representing
           the
           Cruelties
           that
           were
           then
           put
           in
           Practice
           ;
           the
           manifold
           Murthers
           extending
           to
           all
           Sexes
           and
           Ages
           ;
           or
           the
           Miseries
           that
           followed
           those
           that
           fled
           hence
           into
           Foraign
           Countries
           .
           For
           tho
           the
           mischievous
           Example
           of
           the
           
             Popish
             Clergy
          
           ,
           who
           by
           their
           Authority
           ,
           Counsel
           ,
           and
           the
           
           specious
           pretences
           of
           Retrieving
           and
           Preserving
           the
           Ancient
           Piety
           and
           Worship
           ,
           raised
           and
           augmented
           these
           Persecutions
           ,
           and
           is
           for
           ever
           to
           be
           detested
           ;
           yet
           the
           Faults
           of
           Princes
           ,
           like
           those
           of
           our
           Parents
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           concealed
           as
           much
           as
           is
           possible
           ;
           and
           the
           Injuries
           they
           do
           us
           are
           patiently
           and
           silently
           to
           be
           suffered
           .
        
         
           The
           Popish
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           especially
           some
           of
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           foreseeing
           what
           hazard
           their
           Religion
           was
           exposed
           to
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           lived
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           next
           Heir
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           because
           she
           had
           from
           her
           Infancy
           been
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           
             Protestant
             Religion
          
           ,
           made
           it
           their
           Great
           Design
           to
           hasten
           her
           Death
           with
           an
           implacable
           Malice
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           at
           one
           blow
           cut
           off
           the
           Head
           of
           that
           Party
           which
           was
           here
           formed
           against
           their
           Church
           .
           She
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           ,
           during
           all
           this
           calamitous
           time
           saw
           herself
           under
           Custody
           ,
           her
           faithful
           Servants
           in
           Prison
           ,
           and
           she
           had
           perpetually
           before
           her
           eyes
           the
           Images
           of
           a
           violent
           Death
           .
           The
           People
           of
           England
           saw
           her
           Danger
           ,
           but
           could
           not
           so
           prudently
           conceal
           their
           Fears
           ,
           but
           upon
           all
           occasions
           openly
           and
           with
           great
           Anxiety
           said
           ,
           
             This
             Royal
          
           
           
             Off-spring
             was
             designed
             for
             Slaughter
             :
             Truth
             and
             Innoccnce
             were
             not
             secure
             ;
             and
             the
             Ruin
             and
             Undoing
             of
             the
             Nation
             would
             be
             the
             effects
             of
             her
             Death
             .
          
           Queen
           Mary
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           was
           distracted
           between
           the
           Shame
           of
           offending
           the
           whole
           Nation
           ,
           which
           generally
           believed
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           to
           be
           innocent
           ;
           and
           the
           Fear
           of
           exposing
           her
           Religion
           (
           which
           she
           loved
           above
           all
           things
           )
           to
           the
           Hazard
           of
           another
           Protestant
           Reign
           .
           She
           saw
           herself
           in
           danger
           of
           Conspiracies
           if
           her
           Sister
           lived
           ,
           and
           that
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           she
           could
           not
           take
           away
           her
           Life
           without
           being
           guilty
           of
           a
           great
           Wickedness
           .
           Philip
           the
           
           II.
           a
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           the
           Husband
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           upon
           wise
           Reasons
           of
           State
           ,
           delivered
           the
           poor
           ,
           distressed
           ,
           and
           helpless
           Princess
           out
           of
           this
           horrid
           Danger
           ,
           out
           of
           pure
           Aversion
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           France
           ,
           his
           most
           dreadful
           Rival
           :
           For
           he
           wisely
           considered
           ,
           That
           Mary
           Q●…een
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           Grandchild
           to
           Henry
           VII
           .
           was
           married
           to
           Francis
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           of
           Henry
           II.
           King
           of
           France
           ;
           and
           that
           if
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           were
           cut
           off
           ,
           she
           would
           be
           the
           undoubted
           Heiress
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           would
           transfer
           
           and
           unite
           these
           Three
           Northern
           Crowns
           to
           that
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           House
           of
           ●…aloise
           dreadful
           to
           that
           of
           Austria
           .
           This
           Thought
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           their
           Cruelty
           ;
           God
           by
           it
           procuring
           her
           Safety
           ,
           and
           with
           her
           ,
           preserving
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           to
           the
           universal
           joy
           of
           all
           who
           wished
           well
           to
           her
           or
           their
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           Queen
           Mary
           her
           Sister
           died
           the
           17th
           .
           
           of
           November
           ,
           1558
           ,
           when
           she
           had
           Reigned
           Five
           Years
           ,
           Four
           Months
           ,
           and
           Eleven
           days
           ,
           being
           then
           in
           the
           XLIII
           .
           Year
           of
           her
           Age
           ,
           concluding
           an
           unhappy
           Reign
           ,
           and
           an
           unfortunate
           Life
           .
           She
           at
           her
           Death
           by
           her
           last
           Will
           left
           the
           afflicted
           and
           disconsolate
           Lady
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           ,
           the
           Heir
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           rather
           out
           of
           an
           unavoidable
           Necessity
           ,
           than
           any
           thing
           of
           Choice
           .
           There
           was
           then
           a
           Parliament
           sitting
           ,
           which
           began
           the
           5th
           .
           of
           that
           month
           in
           which
           she
           died
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Government
           was
           then
           wholly
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Roman-Catholicks
           ,
           none
           of
           the
           other
           Party
           daring
           to
           appear
           ,
           or
           if
           they
           did
           ,
           not
           daring
           to
           own
           their
           Opinions
           ,
           the
           Death
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           was
           concealed
           for
           some
           hours
           ,
           for
           what
           purpose
           is
           not
           known
           ;
           but
           about
           Nine
           of
           the
           Clock
           the
           
             Lord
             Chancellor
          
           went
           to
           the
           House
           
           
             of
             Lords
          
           ,
           and
           first
           acquainted
           them
           with
           it
           .
           This
           gave
           a
           great
           terror
           to
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           those
           Counsellors
           who
           hadbeen
           severe
           against
           the
           Princess
           Elizabeth
           ;
           yet
           they
           all
           agreed
           to
           Proclaim
           her
           Queen
           ;
           so
           they
           sent
           for
           the
           
             House
             of
             Commons
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Chancellor
           told
           them
           also
           the
           Queen
           was
           dead
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Princess
           
             Elizabeth
             was
             the
             indisputed
             Heir
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             of
             whose
             Right
             and
             Title
             none
             could
             make
             any
             Question
             ;
             and
             therefore
             the
             Lords
             intended
             to
             Proclaim
             her
             Queen
             ,
             and
             desired
             their
             Concurrence
          
           ;
           which
           was
           joyfully
           entertained
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           all
           cried
           ,
           
             God
             save
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           ;
           
             long
             and
             happily
             may
             she
             reign
             .
          
           She
           being
           thus
           advanced
           to
           the
           Throne
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           her
           own
           undoubted
           Right
           ,
           and
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Confent
           and
           with
           the
           Approbation
           of
           all
           the
           Three
           Estates
           then
           Assembled
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           (
           which
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           never
           before
           hapned
           to
           any
           of
           our
           Princes
           besides
           her
           )
           ,
           she
           was
           received
           by
           the
           whole
           Nation
           with
           incredible
           Transports
           of
           Joy
           and
           Affection
           ,
           and
           the
           loudest
           Acclamations
           they
           could
           make
           ;
           men
           highly
           valuing
           the
           Innocence
           of
           her
           former
           Life
           ,
           and
           commiserating
           the
           hardships
           she
           had
           suffered
           in
           the
           former
           
           Reign
           ,
           to
           the
           hazard
           of
           her
           Life
           .
           When
           God
           had
           thus
           brought
           this
           Queen
           to
           the
           Throne
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           ,
           of
           a
           sudden
           the
           course
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           current
           of
           affairs
           took
           a
           new
           bias
           ;
           the
           heavy
           Tempests
           and
           Misfortunes
           that
           attended
           England
           we●e
           instantly
           blown
           over
           ,
           and
           a
           serene
           and
           prosperous
           course
           of
           things
           succeeded
           in
           their
           place
           .
           Thus
           in
           a
           moment
           she
           was
           not
           only
           freed
           from
           the
           Miseries
           of
           an
           Imprisonment
           ,
           but
           adorned
           with
           the
           highest
           degree
           of
           Honour
           and
           Power
           ;
           and
           this
           Lady
           with
           a
           Masculine
           ,
           or
           rather
           Heroick
           Soul
           ,
           which
           was
           worthy
           to
           have
           governed
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           
             for
             almost
             Forty
             five
             years
             after
             ,
             managed
             the
             Royal
             Scepter
             of
          
           England
           ,
           
             and
             was
             the
             Arbitrator
             ,
             prescribing
             the
             Conditions
             of
             Peace
             and
             War
             to
             all
             the
             Princes
             of
          
           Christendom
           ,
           
             with
             a
             Greatness
             of
             Mind
             ,
             and
             a
             Wisdom
             that
             became
             so
             high
             a
             Station
             .
          
           This
           Virtue
           ,
           which
           was
           almost
           Divine
           ,
           joined
           with
           so
           admirable
           a
           Prudence
           ,
           renders
           her
           worthy
           of
           the
           Applause
           and
           Honour
           of
           all
           mankind
           .
           Thus
           one
           may
           see
           and
           admire
           the
           great
           force
           and
           power
           of
           Time
           ,
           and
           the
           wonderful
           Changes
           of
           Human
           Affairs
           ;
           and
           how
           useful
           it
           is
           to
           arrive
           at
           Prosperity
           by
           the
           Waves
           of
           
           Adversity
           .
           Whilst
           she
           was
           in
           her
           private
           Station
           ,
           she
           was
           perpetually
           under
           the
           fear
           and
           danger
           of
           Death
           ;
           but
           by
           the
           Goodness
           of
           God
           she
           escaped
           all
           the
           Insults
           of
           Adverse
           Fortune
           ;
           her
           Innocence
           procured
           her
           Safety
           ,
           that
           made
           way
           for
           her
           Liberty
           ,
           so
           her
           Soveraignty
           was
           acknowledged
           ;
           and
           from
           her
           prudent
           Management
           of
           that
           Royal
           Station
           ,
           she
           gained
           an
           ●…ndless
           Glory
           ,
           and
           an
           Immortal
           Name
           .
           Thus
           attaining
           the
           Possession
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           with
           Glory
           ,
           and
           the
           Publick
           Safety
           ,
           and
           the
           Good
           Will
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           she
           on
           all
           occasions
           shewed
           the
           Greatness
           and
           Brightness
           of
           her
           Wit
           and
           Soul
           :
           That
           she
           had
           well
           studied
           and
           digested
           the
           best
           Arts
           ,
           and
           had
           had
           an
           excellent
           Education
           ,
           and
           wise
           Instruction
           ,
           the
           good
           Effects
           of
           which
           were
           now
           made
           known
           ,
           by
           her
           wise
           promoting
           the
           Good
           and
           Safety
           of
           her
           People
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           she
           
           found
           the
           Nation
           at
           home
           filled
           with
           Divisions
           and
           Heart-burnings
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           contrary
           methods
           used
           in
           the
           two
           preceding
           Reigns
           :
           Abroad
           she
           had
           never
           an
           Ally
           she
           could
           trust
           to
           ;
           all
           was
           in
           War
           ,
           or
           an
           uncertain
           and
           unsteady
           Peace
           .
           The
           
             Spanish
             Government
          
           was
           
           b●…come
           odious
           here
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           called
           their
           Assected
           Gravity
           ,
           
             Pride
             and
             Insolence
          
           :
           The
           French
           had
           equally
           incensed
           us
           by
           the
           late
           Surprize
           of
           Calais
           .
           
           The
           T●…easury
           was
           at
           the
           lowest
           Ebb
           ;
           and
           our
           Bulwark
           ,
           which
           our
           ncestors
           had
           preserved
           Two
           hundred
           and
           ten
           years
           ,
           was
           taken
           from
           us
           in
           one
           weeks
           time
           ,
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           January
           ,
           in
           this
           year
           :
           The
           New
           Queen
           proposed
           to
           herself
           the
           common
           Safety
           and
           Welfare
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           and
           pursued
           it
           with
           the
           utmost
           Care
           and
           Asfection
           .
           She
           was
           then
           Twenty
           five
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           something
           more
           ,
           when
           the
           Royal
           Diadem
           of
           England
           descended
           to
           her
           ;
           and
           she
           began
           the
           difficult
           work
           of
           raising
           the
           low
           and
           calamitous
           state
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           redressing
           those
           Grievances
           which
           the
           opposite
           Interests
           and
           Designs
           of
           the
           former
           times
           had
           brought
           upon
           this
           Nation
           She
           was
           not
           only
           ripe
           and
           sit
           for
           Government
           ,
           but
           she
           had
           by
           this
           time
           acquired
           a
           strange
           and
           unusual
           degree
           of
           Civil
           Prudence
           .
           She
           knew
           the
           Publick
           or
           Royal
           Laws
           of
           England
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           reading
           them
           in
           Books
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           the
           great
           Reflection
           she
           had
           made
           on
           our
           History
           ,
           and
           on
           what
           had
           happened
           in
           her
           own
           times
           ;
           
           and
           by
           her
           Conversation
           with
           great
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           application
           she
           had
           ever
           made
           of
           her
           Mind
           to
           whatever
           was
           worth
           regarding
           .
           The
           14th
           .
           of
           January
           after
           her
           Sister's
           Death
           ,
           1558
           /
           9
           ,
           she
           was
           Crowned
           with
           the
           Ancient
           and
           Usual
           Ceremonies
           ,
           when
           her
           People
           gave
           her
           fresh
           Instances
           of
           their
           Loyalty
           and
           Affection
           ,
           by
           crowding
           in
           unusual
           Numbers
           to
           see
           and
           partake
           in
           the
           Joy
           of
           this
           Solemnity
           :
           And
           she
           (
           having
           observed
           that
           her
           Sister
           ,
           by
           the
           sullenness
           of
           her
           Behaviour
           ,
           had
           much
           disobliged
           the
           People
           )
           ,
           frequently
           looked
           on
           them
           with
           a
           chearful
           and
           pleasing
           Countenance
           ,
           and
           returned
           the
           Respects
           they
           paid
           her
           ,
           with
           great
           sweetness
           .
           She
           took
           the
           Ancient
           and
           Usual
           
             Coronation-Oath
             ,
             That
             she
             would
             govern
             her
             Kingdom
             according
             to
             the
             Ancient
             and
             Laudable
             Laws
             and
             Customs
             of
             England
          
           ;
           which
           she
           observed
           more
           willingly
           than
           most
           of
           her
           Predecesfors
           had
           before
           her
           ;
           and
           this
           gained
           her
           both
           the
           Love
           and
           Reverence
           of
           her
           People
           .
        
         
           At
           first
           she
           cherished
           in
           her
           Roman
           
           Catholick
           Subjects
           a
           belief
           she
           would
           Imbrace
           that
           Religion
           they
           prosessed
           .
           
             She
             changed
             nothing
             in
             the
             Publick
             Service
             ,
             or
             the
             Administration
             of
             the
             Sacraments
             ,
          
           
           that
           she
           might
           not
           enrage
           her
           Papists
           ,
           and
           give
           them
           a
           pretence
           for
           Separation
           before
           she
           had
           well
           Established
           herself
           .
           The
           Kingdom
           of
           England
           was
           then
           very
           unsetled
           ,
           and
           had
           received
           great
           Damages
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ;
           the
           French
           had
           wrested
           from
           us
           the
           strong
           Town
           of
           Bologne
           in
           the
           Year
           1546.
           before
           the
           death
           of
           Henry
           the
           VIII
           ●h
           ,
           and
           Calais
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           Year
           :
           The
           Sea
           was
           full
           of
           Privateers
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           scarce
           any
           thing
           to
           be
           trusted
           to
           .
           In
           this
           Disorder
           of
           Affairs
           she
           wisely
           thought
           ,
           That
           the
           only
           way
           to
           settle
           and
           preserve
           the
           Nation
           from
           Imminent
           Ruine
           ,
           was
           to
           chuse
           wise
           and
           upright
           Men
           to
           manage
           the
           Publick
           Affairs
           :
           She
           declined
           the
           use
           of
           Rash
           and
           overbold
           Men
           ,
           who
           have
           commonly
           brought
           mischief
           on
           the
           States
           that
           have
           trusted
           to
           them
           .
           Being
           weary
           of
           the
           
             Popish
             Ceremonies
          
           ,
           and
           their
           Conversation
           ,
           she
           retired
           for
           some
           time
           to
           one
           of
           her
           Country
           Houses
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           for
           Diversion
           and
           Pleasure
           ,
           but
           in
           truth
           that
           she
           might
           with
           the
           greater
           Leisure
           and
           Secrecy
           consider
           of
           the
           Methods
           she
           should
           take
           for
           the
           removing
           the
           Dangers
           which
           threatned
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           for
           
           the
           Preservation
           of
           its
           Peace
           ,
           for
           the
           Abating
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           ,
           and
           the
           setling
           that
           Religion
           here
           ,
           which
           she
           believed
           was
           most
           for
           the
           Glory
           of
           God
           ,
           as
           being
           most
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Sacred
           ●…criptures
           .
           The
           Men
           that
           she
           most
           relied
           on
           in
           this
           great
           and
           difficult
           Work
           ,
           were
           William
           Lord
           
           Parre
           of
           Kendal
           ,
           Marquess
           of
           Northampton
           ,
           whom
           she
           had
           restored
           to
           his
           Honours
           .
           
             Francis
             Russel
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Bedsord
           .
           Sir
           
             Nicholas
             Bacon
          
           ,
           Lord
           Keeper
           of
           the
           Great
           Seal
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Cecil
          
           ,
           Prime
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ;
           all
           of
           them
           men
           of
           great
           Prudence
           and
           Courage
           ,
           who
           had
           with
           much
           difficulty
           escaped
           the
           Marian
           Tempest
           .
           These
           were
           the
           Chief
           Managers
           of
           her
           Secret
           Councels
           ,
           and
           acquainted
           with
           her
           most
           private
           Thoughts
           and
           Designs
           for
           the
           good
           and
           safety
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           and
           were
           all
           of
           them
           Protestants
           :
           The
           Popish
           Nobility
           and
           great
           Men
           were
           either
           contented
           with
           a
           Vote
           in
           the
           Privy
           Council
           (
           in
           which
           many
           of
           them
           still
           sat
           )
           and
           others
           of
           them
           refusing
           however
           to
           be
           any
           otherwise
           concerned
           ;
           or
           foreseeing
           the
           Change
           that
           was
           intended
           ,
           had
           withdrawn
           themselves
           altogether
           ,
           
           and
           deserted
           their
           former
           Stations
        
         
           Of
           these
           ,
           she
           relied
           mostly
           on
           the
           
           Council
           of
           Cecil
           and
           Bacon
           ,
           who
           were
           closely
           united
           each
           to
           other
           ,
           and
           both
           equally
           in
           her
           Favour
           ,
           and
           were
           besides
           men
           of
           great
           Judgment
           .
           They
           were
           also
           her
           Chief
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           most
           trusted
           by
           her
           for
           their
           Integrity
           and
           Industry
           .
        
         
           Having
           throughly
           consider'd
           the
           state
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           she
           resolved
           at
           first
           to
           promote
           a
           Peace
           abroad
           ;
           and
           that
           she
           might
           gain
           her
           point
           in
           this
           with
           the
           greater
           case
           ,
           she
           used
           some
           Dissimulation
           .
           Philip
           the
           II
           d
           ,
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           had
           lost
           the
           possession
           of
           England
           by
           
           the
           death
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           and
           to
           recover
           it
           ,
           had
           begun
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Marriage
           with
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           which
           she
           declined
           with
           much
           civility
           and
           modesty
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           still
           insisted
           upon
           it
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           and
           she
           was
           not
           willing
           wholly
           to
           undeceive
           him
           till
           she
           saw
           an
           end
           of
           the
           Treaty
           of
           
             Cambray
             .
             Francis
          
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           of
           Henry
           the
           II
           d
           ,
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           having
           married
           
             Mary
             Steward
          
           ,
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           and
           the
           next
           Heir
           after
           her
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ,
           the
           French
           were
           forming
           a
           Design
           against
           
           her
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           kind
           of
           Claim
           of
           the
           Crown
           for
           the
           Dauphiness
           .
           The
           Queen
           feared
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           the
           mo●…t
           of
           the
           two
           ,
           as
           being
           a
           Prince
           of
           deep
           Designs
           ,
           and
           formidable
           to
           all
           his
           Neighbours
           on
           the
           score
           of
           his
           vast
           Dominions
           ;
           and
           was
           resolved
           ,
           as
           time
           and
           opportunity
           should
           serve
           ,
           to
           abate
           his
           Power
           ,
           and
           cross
           his
           Designs
           :
           She
           was
           as
           much
           offended
           with
           the
           King
           of
           France
           for
           the
           ravishing
           Calais
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           for
           assuming
           the
           Arms
           of
           England
           to
           hers
           and
           the
           Nation
           's
           Dishonour
           ;
           yet
           she
           resolved
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           with
           him
           as
           soon
           as
           she
           could
           .
           Thus
           this
           Heroick
           Lady
           ,
           which
           had
           tried
           both
           Adverse
           and
           Prosperous
           Fortune
           ,
           being
           by
           Nature
           endowed
           with
           a
           strange
           Sagacity
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           which
           is
           very
           rarely
           to
           be
           found
           in
           that
           Sex
           ;
           and
           which
           she
           had
           also
           much
           improved
           by
           the
           Afflictons
           she
           had
           suffered
           ;
           by
           her
           wise
           Counsels
           soon
           brought
           this
           almost
           Shipwrack'd
           Vessel
           to
           a
           sase
           Port
           ,
           and
           governed
           it
           all
           her
           days
           with
           much
           ease
           and
           Peace
           ;
           by
           which
           she
           gave
           the
           World
           a
           noble
           Specimen
           of
           her
           Virtue
           ,
           Justice
           and
           Prudence
           .
           She
           discovered
           all
           the
           Inclinations
           ,
           Forces
           ,
           Leagues
           and
           Counsels
           of
           her
           Neighbouring
           States
           ;
           She
           laid
           
           aside
           all
           her
           Feminine
           Indignation
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           suffer
           her
           most
           intimate
           Affections
           to
           have
           any
           place
           or
           consideration
           with
           her
           ,
           when
           she
           was
           to
           consult
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           secure
           the
           safety
           of
           her
           People
           .
           Of
           which
           this
           may
           serve
           for
           a
           clear
           Proof
           ;
           From
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           she
           had
           established
           this
           as
           a
           Maxim
           ,
           
             That
             the
             King
             of
          
           Spain
           
             was
             the
             most
             formidable
             Enemy
             the
          
           English
           
             then
             had
          
           ;
           but
           then
           because
           that
           Nation
           was
           strong
           ,
           rich
           ,
           and
           powerful
           ,
           she
           seemingly
           paid
           ,
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           a
           great
           respect
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           that
           he
           and
           the
           French
           King
           might
           not
           join
           against
           her
           ;
           and
           she
           also
           sent
           an
           Ambassador
           to
           renew
           the
           Amity
           between
           her
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Austria
           .
        
         
           Yet
           considering
           that
           it
           was
           necessary
           
           that
           she
           should
           in
           a
           short
           time
           have
           a
           War
           with
           Spain
           ,
           and
           that
           part
           of
           his
           Dominions
           lay
           near
           her
           ,
           and
           that
           others
           were
           more
           remote
           ,
           and
           very
           rich
           and
           fruitful
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           would
           well
           pay
           her
           Subjects
           for
           the
           pains
           and
           danger
           of
           attacking
           them
           ;
           She
           upon
           the
           whole
           concluded
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           her
           Interest
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Peace
           and
           Amity
           with
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           she
           kindly
           received
           his
           Ambassadors
           ,
           
           who
           were
           sent
           hither
           to
           renew
           the
           Peace
           .
           She
           put
           out
           a
           Proclamation
           to
           forbid
           all
           her
           Subjects
           the
           offering
           any
           violence
           or
           wrong
           to
           the
           French
           that
           were
           then
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           prevent
           their
           enraging
           the
           Foreign
           Nations
           against
           her
           or
           her
           Subjects
           .
           And
           in
           
           the
           Castle
           of
           Cambray
           she
           by
           her
           Ambassadors
           concluded
           a
           League
           with
           France
           ,
           upon
           Condition
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Town
             of
          
           Calais
           ,
           
             and
             all
             that
             belonged
             to
             it
             ,
             should
             after
             eight
             years
             be
             restored
             to
             the
          
           English
           ;
           
             and
             if
             the
             same
             was
             not
             done
             ,
             that
             the
          
           French
           
             King
             should
             pay
             to
             her
             ,
             at
             the
             ex●…iration
             of
             the
             said
             Term
             ,
          
           50000
           
             Crowns
             ,
             and
             give
             Hostages
             of
             the
             Children
             of
             Noble
             Families
             for
             the
             persormance
             of
             the
             said
             Condition
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ;
             and
             the
             assurance
             of
             an
             Oath
             ,
             that
             they
             would
             punctually
             and
             truly
             keep
             the
             said
             Agreement
             .
          
           When
           this
           Peace
           came
           to
           be
           discovered
           by
           a
           Proclamation
           in
           London
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Sea-port
           Towns
           ,
           almost
           all
           the
           good
           men
           of
           England
           were
           inwardly
           offended
           at
           it
           ;
           and
           they
           whispered
           their
           Discontents
           in
           all
           places
           .
           Yet
           I
           cannot
           but
           think
           the
           Queen
           in
           this
           League
           (
           how
           much
           soever
           it
           was
           spoken
           against
           )
           did
           rather
           consult
           her
           own
           Honour
           and
           
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           the
           safety
           and
           welfare
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           than
           trust
           to
           the
           Faith
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Franc●…
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           restitution
           of
           Calais
           .
           The
           Hostages
           indeed
           fled
           away
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           broke
           their
           Faith
           (
           as
           it
           was
           to
           be
           thought
           they
           would
           )
           when
           they
           were
           to
           restore
           Calais
           ;
           but
           then
           the
           Advantages
           which
           England
           then
           gained
           by
           that
           seasonable
           Peace
           ,
           abundantly
           overbalanced
           the
           Damages
           sustained
           by
           the
           disappointment
           .
           When
           the
           time
           was
           expired
           for
           the
           restitution
           of
           Ca●…ais
           ,
           the
           English
           Ambassadors
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           endeavoured
           to
           make
           that
           Nation
           appear
           odious
           and
           detestable
           to
           all
           Mankind
           ,
           because
           they
           had
           fraudulently
           departed
           from
           the
           Terms
           of
           the
           League
           so
           solemnly
           made
           at
           Cambray
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           sworn
           to
           by
           that
           King
           :
           But
           
           Monsieur
           
             de
             l'Hospital
             ,
             Sieur
             de
             Vitry
             ,
          
           Chancellor
           of
           France
           ,
           a
           Learned
           and
           a
           Cunning
           Lawyer
           ,
           replied
           ,
           That
           Calais
           
             was
             lost
             by
             a
             War
             ,
             and
             regained
             by
             another
             ;
             That
             the
             Promise
             of
             restoring
             it
             was
             a
             Necessity
             imposed
             upon
             the
          
           French
           
             by
             the
             Iniquity
             of
             the
             Times
             ,
             which
             had
             enforced
             t●…em
             to
             yield
             so
             far
             to
             the
          
           English
           
             for
             the
             safety
             of
             their
             State
             ;
             but
             that
             in
             truth
             the
          
           English
           
             had
             as
             much
          
           
           
             right
             to
          
           Paris
           ,
           
             as
             they
             had
             to
          
           Calais
           ;
           
             and
             might
             with
             as
             good
             justice
             demand
             the
             first
             ,
             as
             the
             last
             .
          
           Yet
           after
           all
           ,
           this
           Wise
           man
           never
           endeavoured
           to
           clear
           his
           Nation
           from
           the
           Guilt
           and
           Infamy
           of
           Fraud
           and
           Perjury
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           Task
           above
           his
           strength
           .
           In
           all
           Revolutions
           and
           Changes
           ,
           the
           Queen
           always
           in
           the
           first
           place
           took
           care
           to
           secure
           the
           True
           Worship
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           safety
           of
           all
           her
           Subjects
           .
           When
           therefore
           she
           had
           thus
           secured
           her
           Peace
           abroad
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           had
           gained
           a
           Cessation
           of
           War
           till
           she
           might
           take
           breath
           ,
           and
           recover
           her
           strength
           ,
           and
           was
           now
           freed
           thereby
           
           from
           all
           fear
           of
           Foreign
           or
           Domestick
           Dangers
           ,
           she
           made
           it
           her
           next
           great
           business
           to
           reform
           the
           Religion
           of
           England
           .
           She
           foresaw
           ,
           that
           if
           she
           suffered
           Popery
           to
           continue
           ,
           she
           could
           never
           establish
           her
           own
           Government
           .
           Therefore
           she
           resolved
           with
           pious
           and
           holy
           care
           to
           establish
           the
           Reformation
           that
           had
           been
           begun
           by
           her
           Father
           ,
           and
           carried
           on
           by
           her
           Brother
           ;
           and
           to
           suppress
           and
           eradicate
           by
           degrees
           ,
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           her
           Parliaments
           ,
           without
           force
           or
           violence
           ,
           the
           Popish
           Superstition
           ,
           which
           she
           esteemed
           a
           Corrupt
           and
           Immoderate
           Religion
           ,
           and
           equally
           
           i●…jurious
           to
           Princes
           and
           their
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           In
           these
           times
           the
           contending
           Religions
           
           were
           so
           near
           an
           Equality
           ,
           and
           so
           balanced
           each
           against
           other
           ,
           that
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Prince
           was
           able
           to
           turn
           the
           scale
           .
           Henry
           the
           VIIIth
           .
           was
           able
           to
           settle
           a
           Mongrel
           sort
           of
           
             Popery
             :
             Edward
          
           the
           VIth
           .
           advanced
           this
           to
           a
           thorough
           
             Reformation
             :
             Queen
             Mary
          
           ,
           without
           much
           difficulty
           ,
           re-setled
           the
           old
           Mass
           of
           unrefined
           Popery
           :
           And
           now
           when
           it
           was
           become
           ten
           times
           more
           hated
           than
           before
           ,
           on
           the
           account
           of
           the
           Perfidy
           and
           Bloodshed
           that
           had
           been
           employed
           to
           establish
           it
           ,
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           comes
           upon
           the
           stage
           ,
           resolved
           to
           use
           all
           her
           Skill
           and
           Authority
           for
           the
           intire
           Extirpation
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           People
           readily
           and
           willingly
           complied
           with
           her
           in
           it
           ,
           or
           rather
           in
           truth
           led
           her
           the
           way
           ,
           and
           were
           a
           little
           too
           hot
           on
           the
           work
           .
           She
           presently
           summoned
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           was
           opened
           the
           25th
           of
           January
           ,
           
           after
           her
           Accession
           to
           the
           Crown
           ;
           the
           great
           Design
           of
           which
           was
           ,
           To
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           Distractions
           of
           the
           Nation
           in
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           ,
           by
           the
           Lord
           Keeper
           Bacon
           ,
           she
           desired
           ,
           
             They
             would
             consider
             of
             it
             without
             heat
             ,
             or
             partial
             affection
             ,
             or
             using
             any
             
             reproachful
             terms
             of
             Papist
             ,
             or
             Heretick
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             would
             avoid
             the
             Extremes
             of
             Idolatry
             and
             Superstition
             on
             the
             one
             hand
             ,
             and
             Contempt
             and
             Irreligion
             on
             the
             other
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             would
             settle
             things
             so
             ,
             as
             might
             bring
             the
             People
             to
             an
             Uniformity
             and
             cordial
             Agreement
             in
             them
             .
             And
             as
             to
             the
             State
             ,
             she
             promised
             she
             would
             use
             her
             utmost
             endeavour
             to
             advance
             the
             Prosperity
             ,
             and
             preserve
             the
             Affections
             of
             her
             Subjects
             .
             And
             tho
             she
             had
             need
             then
             of
             their
             Assistance
             ,
             yet
             she
             professed
             she
             would
             desire
             no
             Supply
             ,
             but
             what
             they
             did
             freely
             and
             chearfully
             offer
             .
             And
             at
             the
             same
             time
             she
             represented
             Calais
             as
             a
             thing
             which
             they
             could
             not
             at
             that
             time
             hope
             to
             recover
             .
          
           Thus
           she
           would
           neither
           wheedle
           nor
           deceive
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           but
           with
           an
           English
           Sincerity
           laid
           before
           them
           the
           Truth
           of
           the
           Case
           ,
           and
           left
           it
           to
           God
           to
           direct
           them
           to
           what
           was
           best
           to
           be
           done
           .
           The
           Houses
           having
           heard
           and
           well
           considered
           what
           was
           offered
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           came
           at
           last
           to
           a
           full
           Resolution
           ,
           
             That
             all
             the
             Acts
             and
             Laws
             of
          
           Mary
           
             her
             Sister
             ,
             in
             favour
             of
             the
          
           Romish
           
             Religion
             ,
             should
             be
             Repealed
             .
             That
             the
             good
             Laws
             of
          
           Edward
           the
           VIth
           .
           and
           
           Henry
           the
           VIIIth
           .
           
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Reformation
             ,
             should
             be
             Revived
             and
             Confirmed
             .
             That
             the
             Mass
             ,
             which
             had
             been
             Restored
             by
             the
             Laws
             ena●…ted
             in
             Queen
          
           Mary's
           
             time
             ,
             should
             be
             Abolished
             as
             a
             thing
             that
             was
             full
             of
             Vanity
             and
             Levity
             .
             That
             all
             Images
             should
             be
             taken
             away
             out
             of
             the
             Churches
             :
             And
             all
             use
             of
             Holy
             Water
             .
             That
             the
             Liturgy
             and
             Publick
             Prayers
             should
             be
             all
             performed
             in
             the
          
           English
           
             Tongue
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             Form
             prescribed
             ,
             and
             then
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             Confirmed
             and
             Allowed
             ,
             as
             it
             had
             been
             before
             in
             her
             Brother's
             Reign
             ,
          
           that
           so
           the
           People
           having
           a
           full
           and
           clear
           knowledg
           of
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           might
           the
           better
           and
           more
           devoutly
           join
           both
           Voice
           and
           Heart
           in
           it
           .
           By
           this
           her
           prudent
           Care
           she
           gave
           the
           Romish
           Church
           one
           of
           the
           most
           mortal
           Wounds
           she
           ever
           received
           from
           any
           hand
           ,
           by
           Rupudiating
           and
           Despising
           ,
           Abolishing
           and
           Exposing
           all
           her
           Pagan
           Pageantry
           ,
           and
           
             Jewish
             Ceremonies
          
           .
           She
           commanded
           all
           her
           Magistrates
           to
           take
           effectual
           Care
           ,
           
             That
             the
          
           Romish
           
             Religion
             should
             not
             be
             exercised
             in
             Publick
             ,
             or
             in
             any
             open
             Churches
             or
             Chappels
             :
             That
             all
             the
             Priests
             which
             should
             exercise
             the
          
           Romish
           
             Rites
             and
          
           
           
             Ceremonies
             ,
             should
             be
             excluded
             out
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             deprived
             of
             their
             Benefices
             .
             That
             they
             should
             exercise
             at
             all
             times
             a
             severe
             and
             wholesom
             Discipline
             :
             That
             the
             minds
             of
             men
             might
             thereby
             be
             reclaimed
             from
             Vice
             ,
             and
             fixed
             in
             the
             true
             Worship
             of
             God
             ,
             She
             commanded
             them
             to
             get
             as
             many
             of
             the
             Popish
          
           *
           
             Books
             together
             ,
             as
             they
             could
             possibly
             ,
             and
             burn
             them
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             should
             take
             away
             and
             destroy
             all
             the
             Preparations
             and
             Vestments
             belonging
             to
             the
             Mass
             ,
             all
             the
             Images
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             the
             Ceremonies
             of
             that
             Church
             .
          
           She
           commanded
           ,
           That
           for
           the
           future
           no
           Respect
           or
           Obedience
           should
           be
           paid
           to
           the
           Pope
           as
           the
           
             Head
             of
             the
             Church
          
           .
           Nor
           did
           she
           scruple
           to
           assume
           the
           Authority
           of
           a
           Governour
           of
           the
           Church
           in
           her
           own
           Dominions
           ,
           in
           all
           cases
           Sacred
           and
           Civil
           ,
           which
           is
           called
           with
           us
           ,
           The
           ECCLESIASTICAL
           SUPREMACY
           .
           And
           she
           abolished
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           all
           that
           Authority
           and
           Jurisdiction
           which
           had
           heretofore
           been
           Usurped
           or
           used
           by
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Rome
           in
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           in
           Publick
           or
           in
           Private
           ,
           which
           is
           called
           the
           
             Popish
             Tyranny
          
           ,
           and
           was
           a
           pretended
           Supreme
           ,
           both
           Spiritual
           and
           Secular
           
           Jurisdiction
           .
           She
           also
           restored
           the
           
             Oath
             of
             Supremacy
          
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           first
           introduced
           by
           Henry
           VIII
           .
           her
           Father
           ;
           continued
           by
           Edward
           VI.
           her
           Brother
           ;
           and
           was
           taken
           away
           and
           abolished
           by
           ●…ueen
           Mary
           ;
           by
           which
           she
           was
           acknowledged
           to
           be
           the
           
             Supreme
             Governor
             in
             all
             Causes
             ,
             as
             well
             Ecclesiastical
             as
             Temporal
             ,
             within
             her
             Dominions
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             renounced
             all
             Foreign
             Power
             and
             Jurisdiction
             ;
             and
             should
             bear
             the
             Queen
             Faith
             and
             True
             Allegiance
             .
          
           She
           declined
           the
           use
           of
           the
           word
           ,
           
             Supreme
             Head
          
           ,
           in
           this
           Oath
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           used
           before
           by
           her
           Brother
           and
           Father
           ,
           both
           in
           Reverence
           to
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           to
           whom
           she
           thought
           that
           Title
           only
           belonged
           ;
           and
           also
           to
           abate
           ,
           by
           this
           Verbal
           Compliance
           ,
           the
           Reluctance
           she
           feared
           from
           the
           Popish
           Party
           :
           For
           if
           she
           gained
           her
           Point
           ,
           she
           was
           unconcerned
           for
           the
           
             Form
             of
             Words
          
           ,
           as
           all
           Wife
           Princes
           ever
           were
           .
           Against
           the
           Passing
           this
           Act
           Nine
           Bishops
           and
           Two
           Peers
           Protested
           ,
           viz.
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Shrewsbery
          
           ,
           and
           
             Viscount
             Montacute
          
           ;
           and
           they
           added
           some
           words
           which
           were
           very
           injurious
           to
           the
           Queen
           and
           the
           States
           ;
           but
           she
           wisely
           dissembled
           it
           ,
           and
           
           gave
           them
           no
           disturbance
           on
           that
           account
           .
        
         
           The
           Popish
           Bishops
           and
           Priests
           in
           
           the
           mean
           time
           were
           not
           idle
           and
           unconcerned
           Spectators
           ;
           but
           being
           agitated
           by
           Hopes
           and
           Fears
           ,
           and
           a
           confused
           Expectation
           what
           would
           be
           the
           Event
           of
           these
           Counsels
           ,
           they
           made
           loud
           and
           bitter
           Complaints
           ,
           
             That
             men
             were
             drawn
             away
             from
             the
             Ancient
             and
             Established
          
           Roman
           
             Rites
             and
             Ceremonies
             .
             That
             Christ's
             Vicar
          
           (
           the
           POPE
           )
           
             was
             robb'd
             of
             his
             Supremacy
             and
             Divine
             Jurisdiction
             .
             That
             the
             Reverence
             to
             the
             Holy
             and
             Apostolick
             See
             was
             brought
             to
             nothing
             ;
             and
             that
             now
             the
             Pope's
             Authority
             was
             despised
             ,
             intolerable
             Heresies
             were
             daily
             minted
             .
          
           So
           they
           endeavoured
           to
           retain
           the
           Nation
           in
           the
           Profession
           of
           their
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           uphold
           their
           Ceremonies
           by
           any
           means
           ;
           and
           when
           this
           failed
           ,
           to
           alienate
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           People
           from
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           to
           dispose
           them
           to
           Sedition
           and
           Rebellion
           .
           The
           Queen
           saw
           the
           Tendence
           of
           this
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           think
           it
           was
           fit
           to
           despise
           their
           Complaints
           :
           That
           therefore
           she
           might
           prevent
           the
           ill
           
           effects
           of
           their
           Malice
           ,
           and
           withdraw
           the
           matter
           that
           fed
           their
           Fury
           ,
           and
           threatned
           her
           Kingdom
           with
           Schisms
           and
           Factions
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           the
           Causes
           of
           great
           Calamities
           ,
           she
           appointed
           a
           Conference
           or
           Disputation
           between
           the
           
             Roman
             Catholicks
          
           and
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           at
           
             London
             ,
             Concerning
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             the
             Supremacy
             of
             the
             Pope
             ;
             the
             Ceremonies
             in
             use
             in
             the
             Church
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             and
             the
             Change
             of
             the
             Elements
             in
             the
             Holy
             Eucharist
          
           ;
           that
           she
           might
           by
           this
           means
           unite
           the
           disagreeing
           minds
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           in
           one
           and
           the
           same
           opinion
           ,
           and
           mutual
           Love
           and
           Charity
           to
           each
           other
           .
           In
           this
           Conference
           many
           of
           the
           most
           reverend
           Mysteries
           of
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           were
           on
           both
           sides
           debated
           with
           great
           Warmth
           and
           Heat
           ,
           and
           much
           Learning
           ;
           yet
           nothing
           was
           gained
           on
           either
           side
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           immoderate
           Opposition
           ,
           and
           the
           implacable
           Hatred
           they
           bore
           each
           to
           other
           .
           So
           when
           the
           Popish
           Party
           saw
           that
           the
           Pope's
           Authority
           ,
           which
           was
           once
           reverenced
           as
           Divine
           ,
           was
           now
           become
           contemptible
           and
           infamous
           ;
           2nd
           that
           all
           the
           Reasons
           they
           could
           pretend
           
           for
           the
           Justification
           of
           their
           Ceremonies
           ,
           were
           overwhelmed
           by
           the
           load
           of
           Infamy
           their
           Pride
           and
           Cruelty
           had
           brought
           upon
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           was
           not
           possible
           for
           them
           to
           abate
           the
           Hatred
           ,
           or
           remove
           the
           Contempt
           the
           people
           were
           then
           possessd
           with
           ,
           against
           the
           Popish
           Clergy
           ;
           they
           sullenly
           pretended
           ,
           That
           in
           the
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           there
           was
           no
           need
           of
           Reason
           and
           Disputation
           ;
           and
           defended
           themselves
           with
           more
           Passion
           and
           Anger
           ,
           than
           Reason
           and
           Judgment
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           Disputation
           there
           were
           
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           passed
           for
           the
           Establishing
           the
           
             English
             Service
          
           ,
           and
           concerning
           the
           Ministers
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           as
           also
           for
           Restoring
           the
           Queen's
           Supremacy
           ,
           with
           the
           unanimous
           Consent
           of
           the
           Peers
           ,
           and
           the
           Applause
           of
           the
           Commons
           .
           But
           however
           ,
           the
           
             Popish
             Party
          
           refused
           still
           to
           comply
           ;
           and
           openly
           said
           ,
           These
           Laws
           were
           not
           to
           be
           submitted
           to
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           began
           a
           Dissention
           which
           is
           not
           yet
           ended
           .
           The
           turbulent
           Bishops
           and
           Clergy
           ,
           who
           still
           adhered
           to
           the
           old
           Rites
           and
           Ceremonies
           ,
           being
           thereupon
           
           bereaved
           of
           their
           Sees
           ,
           made
           great
           Complaints
           of
           the
           Iniquity
           and
           Injustice
           of
           these
           Laws
           ;
           and
           concealing
           themselves
           as
           well
           as
           they
           could
           in
           corners
           and
           lurking-holes
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           being
           prosecuted
           for
           their
           disobedience
           ,
           they
           said
           the
           
             Queen
             was
             guilty
             of
             Heresie
          
           ;
           and
           solicited
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Commonalty
           which
           still
           stuck
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           to
           renounce
           their
           Obedience
           to
           her
           ,
           and
           stoutly
           to
           maintain
           the
           
             Old
             Service
          
           .
           They
           also
           sent
           their
           Agents
           to
           Rome
           ,
           to
           perswade
           the
           Pope
           to
           Excommunicate
           her
           by
           Name
           ,
           as
           one
           that
           had
           brought
           a
           
             New
             Heresie
          
           into
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           had
           confined
           the
           Bishops
           of
           Winchester
           and
           Lincoln
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           the
           inferior
           Clergy
           ,
           for
           sticking
           firmly
           to
           the
           Romish
           Ceremonies
           :
           And
           lastly
           ,
           That
           she
           had
           assumed
           a
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Royal
           Authority
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           all
           Spiritual
           Causes
           as
           Secular
           .
           The
           Queen
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           had
           by
           this
           time
           found
           the
           Inclination
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           and
           being
           now
           well
           setled
           in
           her
           Throne
           ,
           did
           not
           think
           fit
           to
           act
           any
           longer
           with
           that
           Reservedness
           she
           did
           at
           first
           ,
           when
           she
           feared
           the
           Number
           
           and
           Authority
           of
           the
           Papists
           ,
           who
           had
           then
           the
           Law
           on
           their
           side
           ;
           but
           by
           her
           Proclamation
           she
           couragiously
           and
           openly
           commanded
           them
           ,
           
             That
             they
             should
             embrace
             the
             True
             Religion
             ,
             which
             was
             most
             acceptable
             to
             God
             ,
             and
             leave
             their
             Popish
             Rites
             ;
             or
             otherwise
             depart
             out
             of
             her
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Royal
             City
             ,
             and
             Dominions
             ,
             within
             so
             many
             months
             .
          
           And
           upon
           this
           ,
           she
           removed
           all
           those
           Popish
           Noblemen
           which
           had
           in
           her
           Sister's
           time
           been
           advanced
           to
           any
           Publick
           Employments
           or
           Stations
           in
           the
           Court
           or
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           she
           setled
           Protestants
           in
           all
           those
           Places
           ,
           and
           put
           the
           whole
           Management
           of
           Publick
           Affairs
           into
           their
           hands
           ;
           affirming
           very
           stoutly
           ,
           
             That
             she
             would
             sooner
             lay
             down
             her
             life
             ,
             than
             desist
             from
             that
             Zeal
             and
             Resolution
             she
             had
             taken
             up
             ,
             for
             the
             bringing
             down
             the
             Wickedness
             of
             the
             Papists
             .
          
           This
           Bravery
           encouraged
           all
           her
           Friends
           ,
           and
           struck
           her
           Enemies
           dumb
           .
        
         
           Thus
           was
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           abolished
           in
           England
           ,
           when
           it
           had
           flourished
           many
           Ages
           in
           great
           Wealth
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           a
           profitable
           Ignorance
           ,
           and
           a
           fallacious
           and
           deceitful
           Interpretation
           
           of
           the
           Sacred
           Scriptures
           .
           And
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           being
           restored
           to
           that
           Liberty
           ,
           Esteem
           ,
           and
           Splendor
           it
           had
           had
           in
           the
           times
           of
           Edward
           the
           VIth
           .
           it
           was
           soon
           after
           by
           the
           means
           of
           their
           common
           Language
           and
           Vicinity
           ,
           communicated
           to
           the
           Scots
           ,
           and
           spread
           it self
           not
           only
           in
           their
           Cities
           and
           great
           Towns
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           their
           Villages
           and
           Countrey
           Habitations
           .
           It
           is
           impossible
           to
           the
           Life
           
           to
           describe
           the
           Calamities
           this
           Revolution
           brought
           upon
           the
           Scots
           Nation
           .
           The
           most
           sacred
           and
           venerable
           Churches
           ,
           which
           seem'd
           to
           be
           secured
           from
           Violence
           by
           the
           Awe
           of
           Religion
           ,
           were
           burnt
           down
           ;
           the
           most
           sacred
           Chappels
           were
           first
           Rifled
           ,
           and
           then
           Demolished
           by
           the
           Rabble
           :
           The
           Sepulchres
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           were
           pulled
           down
           ,
           their
           Statues
           beaten
           down
           ,
           and
           trodden
           under
           foot
           ,
           and
           the
           basest
           and
           most
           lewd
           Injuries
           done
           to
           the
           Altars
           ,
           
             as
             if
             the
             Papists
             had
             been
             mere
             Pagan
             Idolaters
             .
          
           I
           am
           so
           enraged
           (
           saith
           my
           Author
           ,
           a
           Learned
           Scot
           )
           against
           these
           men
           ,
           on
           the
           account
           of
           the
           great
           Ruin
           they
           wrought
           in
           my
           Native
           Countrey
           ,
           that
           I
           cannot
           forbear
           expressing
           my
           Resentment
           :
           
           For
           I
           am
           of
           opinion
           ,
           That
           these
           
             Popish
             Mo●…ments
          
           ought
           indeed
           to
           have
           been
           shut
           up
           ,
           not
           to
           have
           been
           demolished
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           our
           Countrey
           .
           But
           
           to
           teturn
           to
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           she
           made
           it
           no
           part
           of
           her
           business
           to
           find
           out
           those
           peaceable
           
             Ro●…ish
             Priests
          
           who
           had
           betaken
           themselves
           to
           private
           lurking
           holes
           ,
           and
           secret
           places
           ,
           more
           out
           of
           Fear
           than
           any
           Legal
           necessity
           :
           And
           if
           any
           of
           them
           by
           chance
           happened
           to
           be
           taken
           ,
           they
           were
           committed
           to
           an
           honourable
           and
           easie
           restraint
           in
           the
           Cities
           ,
           or
           delivered
           up
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           their
           own
           Bishops
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           by
           this
           her
           Moderation
           she
           might
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           create
           an
           opinion
           of
           her
           Clemency
           in
           all
           her
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           deprive
           these
           Priests
           of
           the
           opportunity
           of
           doing
           Mischief
           .
           There
           was
           not
           one
           of
           these
           men
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           till
           Pope
           Pi●…s
           the
           Vth
           .
           in
           the
           year
           1570
           ,
           excommunicated
           her
           by
           his
           Bull
           ,
           upon
           which
           there
           followed
           a
           Rebellion
           of
           the
           Papists
           in
           the
           No●…th
           :
           This
           was
           in
           the
           Twelfth
           Year
           of
           her
           Reign
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           next
           Ten
           Years
           that
           followed
           ,
           there
           was
           
           but
           Twelve
           men
           of
           that
           Religion
           executed
           ,
           who
           were
           all
           Convicted
           of
           very
           great
           Crimes
           ,
           by
           the
           most
           Legal
           Trials
           .
           The
           name
           of
           Papist
           was
           not
           punished
           in
           any
           man
           that
           was
           not
           guilty
           of
           great
           Wickednesses
           ;
           because
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           a
           Reign
           it
           is
           a
           dangerous
           thing
           to
           punish
           Offences
           with
           too
           much
           Rigor
           ;
           whereas
           Clemency
           is
           of
           good
           use
           :
           And
           she
           accordingly
           took
           care
           ,
           by
           her
           Benefits
           to
           allure
           the
           minds
           of
           her
           Popish
           Subjects
           to
           her
           ,
           rathet
           than
           by
           Cruelties
           to
           fright
           them
           :
           Thus
           the
           Entrance
           of
           her
           Reign
           was
           made
           happy
           and
           blessed
           ;
           and
           she
           was
           able
           by
           the
           Blessing
           of
           God
           to
           settle
           her
           Religion
           ,
           and
           to
           lay
           the
           Foundations
           of
           a
           Long
           Peace
           at
           Home
           and
           Abroad
           .
        
         
           Having
           thus
           totally
           abolished
           all
           
           that
           Papal
           Superstition
           and
           Pomp
           ,
           which
           for
           so
           many
           Ages
           had
           domineered
           over
           the
           English
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           was
           scarce
           any
           sign
           left
           that
           it
           had
           once
           been
           here
           ;
           her
           first
           and
           greatest
           care
           was
           to
           advance
           men
           of
           Piety
           and
           Learning
           to
           the
           Bishopricks
           and
           Preferments
           in
           the
           Church
           .
           There
           were
           many
           
             Protestant
             Clergy-men
          
           of
           great
           
           Integrity
           and
           Honesty
           ,
           Innocency
           and
           Holiness
           ,
           who
           during
           the
           
             Marian
             Persecution
          
           had
           fled
           into
           Germany
           ;
           or
           being
           driven
           from
           their
           Churches
           ,
           lurked
           up
           and
           down
           the
           Nation
           in
           obscure
           and
           remote
           places
           ;
           these
           she
           recalled
           and
           restored
           to
           their
           former
           or
           better
           Stations
           ,
           with
           more
           honour
           than
           they
           had
           been
           in
           before
           .
           So
           that
           after
           a
           
             Recess
             of
             Five
             years
             Duration
          
           ,
           thesemen
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           banished
           with
           Ignominy
           ,
           were
           with
           Honour
           and
           Reputation
           repossessed
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           their
           Good
           Names
           ,
           and
           their
           Liberties
           and
           Fortunes
           .
           She
           re
           granted
           to
           them
           all
           their
           Ancient
           Privileges
           ,
           with
           some
           Improvements
           ;
           and
           she
           took
           such
           as
           were
           of
           good
           report
           for
           their
           Learning
           and
           exemplary
           Lives
           ,
           and
           set
           them
           to
           Govern
           the
           Church
           as
           BISHOPS
           .
           When
           any
           man
           was
           commended
           to
           her
           as
           a
           man
           of
           Learning
           ,
           she
           would
           ask
           if
           there
           were
           not
           others
           to
           be
           found
           ,
           of
           more
           Learning
           and
           Piety
           ,
           to
           whose
           Authority
           ,
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           she
           might
           recommend
           the
           Care
           of
           the
           Church
           ?
        
         
         
           She
           took
           great
           care
           to
           curb
           the
           immoderate
           
           Liberty
           of
           the
           PURITANS
           ,
           who
           licentiously
           began
           to
           sow
           Discords
           and
           Divisions
           in
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           Fiery
           Zeal
           in
           their
           Preachments
           endeavoured
           to
           excite
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           (
           who
           were
           then
           quiet
           and
           at
           ease
           )
           to
           Sedition
           ,
           by
           declaiming
           against
           the
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Authority
           of
           the
           Bishops
           ;
           and
           by
           her
           Prudence
           and
           Authority
           she
           reduced
           many
           of
           the
           first
           Leaders
           ,
           from
           their
           rash
           courses
           to
           a
           moderate
           Temper
           .
           In
           the
           Eighteenth
           year
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           
             (
             A.
             C.
          
           1575.
           )
           the
           Anabaptists
           
           first
           appeared
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           were
           discovered
           to
           be
           in
           England
           ;
           a
           Conventicle
           of
           Dutch-men
           of
           that
           Sect
           ,
           being
           then
           detected
           without
           Aldgate
           in
           London
           ,
           and
           Twenty
           seven
           of
           the
           Meeters
           were
           taken
           up
           and
           Imprisoned
           ;
           of
           which
           Four
           bearing
           Faggots
           at
           Paul's
           Cross
           ,
           recanted
           their
           dangerous
           Opinions
           ,
           and
           one
           Dutch-man
           and
           ten
           Women
           were
           condemned
           to
           be
           burnt
           ;
           one
           of
           the
           Ten
           Women
           also
           recanted
           ;
           eight
           others
           were
           banished
           ;
           but
           two
           of
           the
           number
           continued
           so
           obstinate
           ,
           that
           the
           Queen
           ordered
           the
           Writ
           
             de
             Heretico
             Comburendo
          
           ,
           
           to
           be
           issued
           against
           them
           ,
           tho
           Mr.
           
             John
             Fox
          
           ,
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Book
           of
           Martyrs
           ,
           interceded
           with
           the
           Queen
           to
           spare
           their
           lives
           ,
           and
           banish
           them
           .
           In
           this
           Letter
           he
           
             blesseth
             God
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             the
          
           English
           
             were
             infected
             with
             these
             m●…d
             Opinions
             .
             And
          
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           
             I
             will
             most
             readily
             grant
             ,
             That
             these
             FANATICK
             Sects
             are
             by
             no
             means
             to
             be
             cherished
             in
             any
             State
             ,
             but
             are
             to
             be
             severely
             corrected
             ;
             but
             to
             exterminate
             them
             with
             Fire
             and
             Faggot
             is
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             too
             hard
             .
          
           The
           Queen
           thereupon
           gave
           them
           a
           Months
           Reprieve
           ,
           and
           ordered
           that
           Learned
           Divines
           should
           endeavour
           in
           that
           time
           to
           reduce
           them
           ;
           which
           proving
           without
           effect
           ,
           these
           two
           were
           burnt
           in
           Smithfield
           ,
           
           the
           22d
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           and
           they
           died
           in
           great
           horror
           ,
           with
           crying
           and
           roaring
           .
           In
           the
           Twenty
           sixth
           Year
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           one
           
             Robert
             Brown
          
           ,
           an
           English
           
           Clergy-man
           ,
           began
           a
           new
           Sect
           also
           in
           the
           City
           of
           Norwich
           ,
           his
           Hearers
           being
           half
           Dutch
           ,
           half
           English
           :
           The
           Queen
           endeavoured
           to
           suppress
           this
           Schism
           in
           its
           Rise
           ,
           and
           prohibited
           his
           Books
           ,
           but
           that
           not
           taking
           effect
           ,
           Thacker
           and
           Coping
           ,
           two
           of
           his
           Disciples
           ,
           were
           hanged
           at
           St.
           Edmonds-Bury
           
           in
           Suffolk
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           the
           more
           severe
           upon
           these
           Sects
           ,
           because
           her
           Subjects
           were
           then
           untainted
           ;
           and
           these
           men
           made
           it
           their
           business
           to
           draw
           in
           the
           unlearned
           multitude
           ,
           and
           enflame
           them
           both
           against
           the
           Eccle
           siastick
           and
           Civil
           Government
           ;
           and
           the
           Queen
           besides
           having
           before
           this
           time
           been
           forced
           to
           be
           very
           severe
           against
           some
           Popish
           Traitors
           that
           had
           conspired
           against
           her
           ,
           she
           did
           not
           think
           it
           became
           her
           to
           be
           less
           concerned
           for
           the
           Majesty
           of
           God
           ,
           than
           for
           her
           own
           Personal
           Safety
           .
           After
           this
           she
           caused
           their
           Conventicles
           to
           be
           carefully
           
           watched
           ,
           and
           seized
           the
           Effects
           of
           all
           Foreign
           Sectaries
           she
           found
           in
           England
           .
           She
           dealt
           more
           gently
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           with
           the
           
             English
             Puritans
          
           ,
           who
           were
           the
           first
           beginners
           of
           the
           English
           Separation
           ,
           and
           left
           them
           to
           the
           Discipline
           of
           the
           Bishops
           and
           the
           
             High
             Commission
          
           ,
           where
           they
           were
           often
           call'd
           to
           account
           ,
           for
           Reproaching
           the
           Church
           ,
           Licentious
           Preachments
           ,
           and
           Libelling
           the
           Bishops
           in
           their
           Prints
           .
           Having
           taken
           these
           effectual
           Cares
           for
           the
           Adorning
           and
           Confirming
           the
           Church
           ,
           she
           committed
           all
           the
           other
           Concerns
           of
           Religion
           
           to
           the
           Management
           of
           Peaceable
           ,
           Moderate
           ,
           and
           Judicious
           men
           ,
           and
           spent
           her
           whole
           Care
           and
           Solicitude
           in
           preserving
           ,
           adorning
           ,
           and
           strengthning
           her
           State
           and
           Kingdoms
           .
           In
           all
           this
           time
           she
           was
           never
           severe
           against
           Any
           Papist
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           first
           been
           clearly
           convicted
           to
           have
           raised
           Sedition
           ,
           armed
           the
           People
           against
           her
           ,
           or
           by
           Rumors
           and
           false
           Insinuations
           to
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           render
           the
           Queen
           odious
           and
           contemptible
           to
           her
           People
           .
        
         
           PIUS
           IV.
           
             Pope
             of
             Rome
          
           ,
           in
           
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           
             (
             A.
             C.
             1561.
          
           )
           having
           deeply
           considered
           the
           Dangers
           and
           Ruin
           which
           then
           threatned
           the
           Papacy
           and
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           enraged
           against
           the
           Protestants
           to
           the
           utmost
           degree
           ,
           yet
           seeing
           how
           little
           the
           Passions
           and
           Violences
           of
           the
           last
           
             Pope
             Paul
          
           IV.
           had
           profited
           them
           ;
           he
           thought
           it
           became
           him
           to
           act
           a
           contrary
           part
           ;
           
             and
             ●…called
             the
             Council
             of
             TRENT
             ,
          
           
           
             which
             had
             been
             some
             years
             before
             indicted
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             See
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             rather
             for
             the
             up●…olding
             the
             Pope's
             pretended
             Ecclesiastical
             Authority
             ,
             than
             for
             the
             promoting
             the
             Salvation
             of
             men
          
           ;
           
           and
           which
           ,
           when
           things
           succeeded
           contrary
           to
           the
           expectation
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           in
           that
           See
           ,
           had
           been
           frequently
           intermitted
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           been
           assembled
           since
           the
           year
           1552
           ,
           but
           was
           now
           again
           renewed
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           means
           left
           for
           the
           healing
           the
           Wounds
           of
           Christendom
           .
           In
           this
           Council
           many
           things
           which
           had
           by
           the
           Mistakes
           ,
           Ambition
           ,
           and
           Avarice
           of
           the
           Popes
           of
           Rome
           ,
           been
           changed
           and
           corrupted
           ,
           were
           considered
           and
           debated
           ;
           and
           particularly
           that
           grand
           Question
           was
           to
           be
           determined
           ,
           
             Concerning
             the
             Authority
          
           
           
             and
             Power
             of
             the
             Pope
             in
             Sacred
             and
             Civil
             Ca●…ses
             .
          
           When
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           were
           call'd
           to
           this
           Council
           ,
           they
           answered
           ,
           That
           
             they
             did
             not
             own
             the
             Pope
             had
             any
             Power
             to
             call
             a
             Council
             .
             That
             it
             did
             not
             belong
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             Emperor
             to
             Indict
             Councils
             .
             That
             he
             had
             no
             Right
             to
             give
             or
             take
             away
             Kingdoms
             .
             And
             having
             sharply
             declaimed
             against
             the
             corrupt
             Manners
             of
             his
             Clergy
             ,
             and
             deplored
             the
             Calamities
             of
             the
             times
             on
             that
             account
             ,
             they
             represented
             the
             Pride
             ,
             Pomp
             ,
             Luxury
             ,
             Ambition
             ,
             Avarice
             ,
             and
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Court
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             in
             which
             mere
             Wolves
             took
             upon
             them
             the
             Office
             of
             the
             Pastors
          
           
           
             of
             the
             Church
          
           .
           And
           they
           said
           ,
           this
           Council
           at
           Trent
           was
           not
           called
           to
           
             Establish
             Religion
             and
             true
             Piety
             ,
             but
             to
             confirm
             the
             Inventions
             of
             men
             ,
             or
             rather
             of
             Satan
             ;
             not
             for
             the
             reforming
             the
             Lives
             and
             Manners
             of
             men
             ,
             but
             to
             defend
             the
             Pretended
             Dignity
             of
             the
             See
             of
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             and
             the
             vast
             and
             boundless
             Authority
             of
             the
             Pope
             .
             That
             it
             was
             not
             intend●…d
             for
             the
             Purging
             the
             Christian
             Flock
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             Establishing
             and
             Confirming
             their
             inveterate
             Errors
             .
          
           Tho
           the
           Pope
           had
           had
           these
           sharp
           Replies
           from
           the
           German
           Protestant
           Princes
           ;
           and
           the
           Guise's
           and
           
             Spanish
             Faction
          
           had
           represented
           to
           him
           ,
           That
           it
           would
           be
           an
           undervaluing
           of
           his
           Power
           and
           Person
           ,
           to
           send
           a
           Nuncio
           to
           England
           ,
           where
           he
           would
           certainly
           be
           rejected
           ;
           yet
           Pius
           IV.
           would
           not
           be
           discouraged
           ,
           but
           said
           ,
           
             He
             would
             humble
             himself
             even
             to
             Heresie
             it self
             ,
             in
             regard
             that
             whatsoever
             was
             done
             to
             gain
             Souls
             to
             Christ
             ,
             did
             beseem
             that
             See.
          
           And
           accordingly
           he
           sent
           Abbot
           Martiningo
           
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           who
           came
           as
           far
           as
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           there
           he
           met
           with
           her
           Commands
           not
           to
           cross
           the
           Seas
           ,
           but
           at
           his
           Peril
           ;
           and
           altho
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           and
           the
           Emperor
           of
           Germany
           
           did
           earnestly
           intreat
           he
           might
           be
           heard
           ,
           yet
           the
           Queen
           stood
           her
           ground
           ,
           
           and
           replied
           ,
           That
           she
           could
           not
           treat
           with
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rome
           ,
           whose
           Authority
           was
           for
           ever
           excluded
           out
           of
           England
           by
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           .
           Nay
           ,
           she
           would
           give
           the
           Pope's
           Nuncio
           no
           other
           Answer
           ,
           but
           a
           
             flat
             Denial
          
           ;
           tho
           she
           gave
           this
           reason
           to
           the
           French
           and
           Spaniards
           ,
           to
           give
           them
           some
           satisfaction
           :
           For
           she
           well
           perceived
           this
           Remedy
           did
           not
           tend
           to
           the
           healing
           the
           Wounds
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           making
           them
           incurable
           ;
           and
           the
           Event
           justified
           her
           Conduct
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Queen
           clearly
           
           foresaw
           ,
           that
           the
           Restoring
           the
           Protestants
           to
           their
           Native
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           their
           former
           Stations
           ,
           would
           disoblige
           all
           the
           Popish
           Nobility
           of
           England
           ;
           who
           tho
           for
           the
           present
           they
           suppressed
           their
           Resentment
           ,
           yet
           when
           occasion
           was
           offered
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           fail
           to
           do
           her
           the
           utmost
           Mischief
           that
           was
           in
           their
           Power
           .
           The
           only
           noise
           of
           the
           coming
           of
           a
           Nuncio
           from
           the
           Pope
           ,
           encouraged
           many
           to
           break
           the
           Laws
           made
           against
           the
           Pope
           and
           his
           Authority
           ,
           with
           great
           boldness
           ;
           and
           
           they
           spread
           false
           Reports
           abroad
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Queen
             was
             going
             to
             change
             her
             Religion
             ,
             and
             alter
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Realm
          
           ;
           to
           dispose
           the
           Protestants
           to
           join
           with
           the
           Papists
           in
           a
           Rebellion
           to
           her
           Ruin.
           She
           saw
           also
           ,
           that
           at
           length
           she
           should
           be
           involved
           in
           a
           Foreign
           War
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Pope
           would
           fulminate
           against
           her
           ;
           all
           which
           Dangers
           the
           Greatness
           of
           her
           Soul
           despised
           .
           She
           also
           changed
           her
           Privy-Council
           ,
           into
           which
           she
           chose
           Protestants
           of
           famed
           Prudence
           and
           Moderation
           ;
           and
           she
           openly
           and
           avowedly
           broke
           the
           Power
           ,
           and
           lessened
           the
           Authority
           of
           her
           
             Popish
             Nobility
          
           and
           Gentry
           .
           The
           Pope
           having
           at
           this
           time
           sent
           a
           Legate
           into
           Ireland
           ,
           who
           had
           joined
           himself
           to
           some
           desperate
           Traytors
           then
           in
           Rebellion
           against
           her
           ,
           and
           endeavouring
           to
           deprive
           her
           of
           all
           Right
           and
           Title
           to
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           Some
           others
           of
           that
           Persuasion
           were
           found
           also
           to
           have
           practised
           with
           the
           Devil
           by
           Conjurations
           ,
           Charms
           ,
           and
           casting
           Figures
           ,
           to
           be
           informed
           of
           the
           Length
           and
           Continuance
           of
           her
           〈◊〉
           ;
           but
           Heaven
           would
           not
           ,
           and
           Hell
           could
           not
           help
           them
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Affairs
           of
           the
           Church
           being
           thus
           
           setled
           ,
           she
           applied
           her
           mind
           to
           restore
           the
           Civil
           State
           of
           England
           to
           its
           Ancient
           Strength
           and
           Happiness
           ,
           it
           having
           been
           strangely
           shaken
           by
           the
           Factions
           and
           Divisions
           in
           the
           Three
           Reigns
           that
           preceded
           hers
           :
           To
           this
           purpose
           she
           passed
           many
           Acts
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           other
           State-Orders
           for
           her
           own
           Security
           ,
           and
           the
           Welfare
           of
           her
           Subjects
           .
           She
           made
           some
           new
           Additions
           to
           the
           old
           Laws
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           Administration
           of
           her
           Civil
           Government
           ,
           for
           the
           Promoting
           the
           common
           Interest
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           Regu
           lating
           her
           Parliaments
           :
           She
           enriched
           her
           Kingdom
           also
           ;
           and
           whereas
           she
           found
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           current
           Money
           of
           England
           adulterared
           and
           mixed
           with
           Brass
           ,
           she
           reduced
           it
           all
           to
           the
           old
           Standard
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           good
           STERLING
           .
           
           She
           furnished
           all
           her
           Havens
           ,
           Sea-Ports
           ,
           Cities
           ,
           and
           Frontier
           places
           ,
           with
           Garisons
           ,
           Forts
           ,
           Castles
           ,
           Cannon
           ,
           Ball
           ,
           Gun
           powder
           ,
           and
           Provisions
           .
           She
           took
           care
           to
           have
           her
           
           own
           Gunpowder
           made
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           before
           had
           been
           fetch'd
           in
           from
           abroad
           .
           She
           cast
           great
           quantities
           of
           Brass
           and
           Iron
           Ordnance
           ,
           after
           she
           
           had
           discovered
           a
           plentiful
           Mine
           of
           Brass
           at
           KESWICK
           in
           Cumberland
           .
           She
           fortified
           BERWICK
           anew
           ,
           and
           caused
           all
           the
           Frontier
           places
           towards
           Scotland
           to
           be
           repaired
           ,
           and
           placed
           Garisons
           of
           good
           Soldiers
           in
           them
           .
           Tho
           she
           was
           upon
           better
           terms
           with
           the
           Scots
           ,
           than
           any
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           for
           many
           Ages
           had
           been
           ,
           especially
           after
           they
           embraced
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           yet
           she
           would
           not
           so
           wholly
           rely
           on
           their
           good
           affections
           ,
           as
           to
           neglect
           a
           timely
           provision
           for
           her
           own
           Security
           :
           And
           when
           all
           these
           great
           Designs
           had
           brought
           a
           Debt
           upon
           the
           Crown
           ,
           she
           chose
           rather
           to
           sell
           a
           part
           of
           her
           Crown-Lands
           to
           pay
           it
           ,
           than
           be
           over-burthensome
           to
           her
           People
           .
           She
           ordered
           also
           the
           Debts
           contracted
           by
           her
           Father
           and
           Brother
           (
           but
           neglected
           by
           her
           Sister
           )
           to
           be
           paid
           .
           She
           provided
           
           a
           great
           Magazine
           ,
           and
           furnished
           her
           Kingdom
           with
           plentiful
           Stores
           of
           Arms
           and
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           all
           sorts
           of
           Warlike
           Provisions
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           always
           have
           at
           hand
           whatever
           was
           needful
           to
           secure
           her
           against
           the
           sudden
           Insults
           of
           her
           Foreign
           Enemies
           ,
           or
           any
           Insurrections
           which
           might
           be
           raised
           
           at
           home
           .
           She
           caused
           her
           Forces
           to
           be
           often
           drawn
           out
           ,
           viewed
           ,
           and
           mustered
           ,
           and
           with
           Honours
           and
           other
           Rewards
           she
           recompenced
           those
           that
           in
           this
           kind
           had
           deserved
           well
           of
           her
           ;
           by
           which
           she
           much
           encouraged
           her
           Soldiers
           and
           Sea-men
           .
           She
           encreased
           her
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           built
           many
           large
           Men
           
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           furnished
           her
           Naval
           Stores
           with
           whatever
           was
           needful
           ;
           and
           she
           encreased
           the
           Wages
           of
           her
           Mariners
           and
           Seamen
           ,
           and
           appointed
           a
           Guard
           of
           Ships
           to
           ride
           always
           in
           the
           Downs
           ,
           for
           the
           Security
           of
           the
           British
           Seas
           ;
           and
           carefully
           scoured
           the
           Seas
           by
           her
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           purged
           them
           from
           Pyrates
           and
           Sea-Robbers
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           all
           her
           time
           the
           Seas
           were
           secure
           ,
           safe
           ,
           and
           open
           .
           Dr.
           Heylin
           in
           his
           History
           of
           the
           Reformation
           ,
           acquaints
           us
           that
           she
           began
           these
           Preparations
           in
           the
           year
           1560.
           
           
             Ahd
             that
             holding
             it
             a
             safer
             Maxim
             in
             the
             Schools
             of
             Policy
             ,
             not
             to
             Admit
             ,
             than
             to
             endeavour
             by
             strong
             hand
             to
             Expel
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             she
             entertained
             the
             fortunate
             thoughts
             of
             Walling
             her
             Kingdom
             round
             about
             with
             a
             puissant
             Navy
             ;
             for
             ou●…
             Merchants
             had
             already
             encreased
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             by
             managing
             some
             part
             of
             that
             Wealthy
             
             Trade
             which
             formerly
             had
             been
             Monopolized
             by
             the
             Hanse-Towns
             or
             Easterlings
             .
             And
             thereupon
             she
             resolved
             not
             to
             be
             wanting
             to
             her self
             in
             Building
             Ships
             of
             such
             Burthen
             ,
             and
             so
             fit
             for
             Service
             ,
             as
             might
             enable
             her
             in
             a
             short
             time
             not
             only
             to
             Protect
             her
             Merchants
             ,
             but
             to
             Command
             the
             Ocean
             :
             Of
             which
             the
             Spaniard
             found
             good
             proof
             ,
             to
             his
             great
             Loss
             ,
             and
             almost
             to
             his
             total
             Ruin
             ,
             in
             the
             last
             Twenty
             years
             of
             her
             Glorious
             Government
             .
             At
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             by
             her
             Proclamation
             ,
             dated
             November
             15.
             1560.
             she
             commanded
             all
             the
             
               Easterling
               ,
               Flemish
            
             ,
             and
             Spanish
             Moneys
             to
             be
             brought
             into
             the
             Mint
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             Stamp
             of
             her
             Royal
             Authority
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             not
             to
             pass
             for
             current
             Money
             in
             her
             Kingdom
             ;
             which
             had
             a
             strange
             effect
             ,
             and
             enriched
             both
             her
             and
             her
             People
             .
          
        
         
           She
           invited
           all
           sorts
           of
           Artificers
           into
           
           England
           ;
           and
           by
           proposing
           to
           them
           good
           terms
           and
           great
           Privileges
           ,
           she
           repeopled
           the
           almost-desolate
           City
           of
           NORWICH
           ,
           and
           the
           Towns
           of
           COLCHESTER
           and
           MAIDSTON
           :
           She
           encreased
           the
           Inhabitants
           
           of
           many
           of
           her
           other
           Ancient
           Towns
           ;
           and
           she
           by
           her
           Laws
           reduced
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           Countrey-Villages
           from
           Laziness
           and
           Beggary
           ,
           to
           Labour
           and
           Husbandry
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           was
           no
           part
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           but
           was
           cultivated
           and
           improved
           to
           the
           best
           advantage
           .
           When
           she
           was
           to
           settle
           any
           thing
           relating
           to
           her
           
             Revenues
             ,
             her
             Treasury
             ,
             or
             the
             Administration
             of
             justice
             ,
          
           she
           admitted
           none
           to
           advise
           her
           ,
           but
           men
           of
           good
           Knowledge
           and
           Experience
           in
           those
           Affairs
           .
           If
           she
           considered
           of
           any
           
             Military
             Concerns
          
           ,
           she
           always
           call'd
           to
           her
           Assistance
           the
           old
           Experienc'd
           Commanders
           ,
           which
           had
           spent
           much
           time
           in
           Camps
           .
           She
           was
           as
           careful
           to
           give
           a
           good
           and
           a
           prudent
           Dispatch
           of
           Publick
           Transactions
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Affairs
           of
           private
           men
           ,
           Ambassies
           ,
           the
           Petitions
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           the
           Requests
           of
           her
           Allies
           and
           Confederates
           ,
           and
           all
           matters
           concerning
           Commerce
           and
           Trade
           with
           Foreigners
           .
           She
           took
           the
           opportunity
           of
           the
           times
           ,
           and
           her
           Subjects
           Affections
           to
           her
           ,
           to
           curb
           the
           Luxury
           of
           Youth
           ,
           all
           immoderate
           Expences
           and
           waste
           in
           Cloathes
           and
           other
           Furniture
           ,
           and
           by
           severe
           Laws
           carefully
           
           put
           in
           Execution
           .
           She
           reduced
           her
           People
           to
           the
           Ancient
           Thrift
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           declining
           towards
           Effeminacy
           and
           over-great
           Expences
           ,
           which
           are
           ever
           the
           fore-runners
           of
           Poverty
           ,
           and
           the
           Causes
           of
           great
           Calamities
           and
           Revolutions
           in
           all
           those
           States
           they
           have
           prevailed
           in
           .
        
         
           She
           went
           on
           to
           consider
           and
           provide
           
           whatever
           was
           recommended
           to
           her
           as
           useful
           to
           any
           part
           of
           her
           State
           ,
           carefully
           viewing
           the
           Conveniencies
           and
           the
           Inconveniencies
           that
           were
           annexed
           to
           every
           Change.
           And
           whatever
           was
           at
           last
           found
           useful
           and
           profitable
           to
           the
           Body
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           was
           setled
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           her
           Council
           or
           Parliament
           ,
           as
           the
           case
           required
           .
           She
           procured
           the
           Repeal
           of
           all
           those
           Laws
           which
           were
           either
           unprofitable
           or
           unjust
           ;
           and
           she
           brought
           others
           which
           were
           out
           of
           use
           ,
           into
           esteem
           again
           ,
           and
           amended
           the
           defects
           that
           were
           found
           in
           them
           .
           It
           was
           a
           Maxim
           with
           her
           ,
           That
           
             Equitable
             Laws
             ,
             and
             Equal
             Justice
          
           are
           the
           two
           sure
           and
           lasting
           Foundations
           of
           a
           State.
           She
           was
           as
           much
           reverenced
           and
           feared
           on
           the
           account
           of
           her
           
             Justice
             ,
             T●…mperance
          
           ,
           
           and
           Continence
           ,
           as
           on
           that
           of
           her
           Royal
           Authority
           and
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           She
           favoured
           the
           Protestant
           Bishops
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Commons
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           a
           means
           to
           curb
           the
           Insolence
           of
           the
           Nobility
           .
           She
           would
           never
           gratifie
           any
           great
           Ambitious
           man
           with
           the
           grant
           of
           any
           thing
           which
           might
           inflame
           his
           Avarice
           ,
           or
           make
           him
           arrogant
           .
           She
           had
           a
           true
           value
           ,
           and
           a
           good
           esteem
           for
           all
           men
           of
           illustrious
           Parts
           ,
           and
           of
           good
           Learning
           ;
           and
           she
           preferr'd
           such
           men
           to
           all
           Employments
           ,
           and
           rewarded
           their
           Virtue
           with
           Honours
           .
           When
           the
           meaner
           people
           at
           any
           time
           crowded
           about
           her
           Coach
           ,
           with
           great
           desire
           to
           see
           and
           salute
           her
           with
           loud
           Shouts
           ,
           and
           fervent
           Prayers
           for
           her
           Prosperity
           ,
           and
           long
           and
           happy
           Reign
           over
           them
           ;
           she
           would
           ever
           return
           their
           Loyal
           Zeal
           with
           much
           Courtship
           and
           Civility
           ;
           so
           that
           some
           said
           she
           was
           too
           Theatrical
           in
           her
           Carriage
           towards
           them
           ;
           but
           as
           by
           her
           Meekness
           ,
           Clemency
           ,
           Lenity
           ,
           Justice
           ,
           and
           the
           setling
           good
           Laws
           and
           exact
           Justice
           ,
           she
           had
           won
           their
           hearts
           ,
           so
           by
           this
           Condescention
           and
           Flattery
           she
           fixed
           their
           Affections
           ,
           so
           that
           
           they
           would
           have
           willingly
           sacrificed
           all
           they
           had
           ,
           to
           her
           Service
           and
           Safety
           .
           She
           exercised
           a
           moral
           Friendship
           and
           Familiarity
           with
           many
           private
           persons
           ;
           
             and
             ever
             reserved
             in
             her
             sole
             disposal
             all
             the
             Rewards
             of
             Virtue
             and
             good
             Service
             .
          
           She
           would
           never
           suffer
           any
           Immunities
           or
           Privileges
           ,
           Benefices
           ,
           Church-Livings
           ,
           Governments
           ,
           or
           the
           Rights
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           be
           openly
           sold.
           She
           advanced
           her
           Friends
           ,
           Kinsmen
           ,
           and
           Relations
           ,
           with
           great
           Kindness
           and
           Affection
           ,
           and
           no
           less
           Moderation
           and
           Prudence
           .
           She
           made
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Cary
             ,
             Lord
             H●…nsdon
          
           ,
           who
           was
           her
           Cousin-German
           ;
           and
           she
           gave
           him
           Riches
           ,
           Employments
           ,
           and
           Attendance
           suitable
           to
           that
           Station
           .
           She
           advanced
           William
           Lord
           Howard
           of
           Effingham
           ,
           
           on
           the
           score
           of
           his
           being
           related
           to
           her
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           good
           Deserts
           ,
           to
           be
           
             Lord
             Chamberlain
             of
             England
          
           ;
           of
           her
           own
           free
           motion
           ,
           without
           any
           solicitation
           from
           themselves
           or
           others
           .
           She
           preserved
           the
           Family
           of
           Seymour
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           ruin'd
           by
           the
           Attainder
           of
           
             Edward
             Seymour
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Somerset
             ,
          
           Uncle
           and
           Lord
           Protector
           of
           King
           Edward
           VI
           in
           the
           year
           1552.
           )
           and
           in
           the
           first
           year
           of
           her
           Reign
           she
           restored
           
           Edward
           his
           Son
           to
           the
           degree
           of
           Earl
           of
           Hertford
           :
           She
           restored
           also
           several
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           whose
           Families
           had
           been
           ruined
           by
           her
           Sister
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           into
           the
           same
           condition
           they
           were
           before
           .
           
             She
             Attainted
             no
             man
             in
             all
             her
             Reign
             ,
             by
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             .
          
           No
           man
           ever
           could
           perceive
           ,
           that
           the
           least
           remainders
           of
           any
           Offence
           were
           left
           in
           her
           mind
           ;
           but
           when
           she
           could
           most
           easily
           have
           revenged
           her self
           ,
           she
           always
           chose
           rather
           to
           forget
           the
           Injury
           ;
           so
           that
           every
           man
           presently
           promised
           himself
           a
           better
           Fortune
           for
           the
           future
           .
           If
           there
           was
           any
           Quarrel
           between
           any
           of
           the
           great
           Nobility
           ,
           she
           presently
           made
           it
           her
           business
           to
           reconcile
           them
           each
           to
           other
           ;
           and
           
             she
             would
             on
             such
             occasions
             exhort
             them
             ,
          
           
           
             not
             to
             suffer
             any
             Enmity
             to
             settle
             between
             their
             Families
             ▪
             that
             they
             should
             not
             involve
             their
             Children
             ,
             and
             educate
             them
             in
             the
             Dissentions
             of
             their
             Families
             ,
             and
             a
             desire
             of
             Revenge
             :
             That
             they
             should
             cut
             off
             those
             Feuds
             that
             had
             descended
             to
             them
             from
             the
             Contests
             of
             their
             Ancestors
             ;
             and
             with
             an
             invincible
             Courage
             repress
             the
             Foreign
             Fury
             of
             their
             Enemies
             abroad
             ;
             but
             with
             one
             heart
             and
             one
             mouth
             provide
             for
             the
             Safety
          
           
           
             and
             Security
             of
             their
             Native
             Countrey
             at
             home
             .
          
        
         
           As
           she
           took
           this
           care
           to
           put
           an
           end
           
           to
           the
           Dissentions
           of
           her
           Nobilty
           ,
           so
           she
           was
           no
           less
           careful
           to
           root
           up
           those
           evil
           Customs
           which
           had
           crept
           into
           the
           Nation
           in
           the
           former
           Reigns
           ,
           and
           tended
           apparently
           to
           the
           Ruin
           of
           it
           ;
           some
           of
           these
           she
           corrected
           ,
           and
           others
           she
           totally
           abolished
           .
           
             She
             rescinded
             all
             Sales
             that
             were
             made
             for
             the
             cheating
             Creditors
             ;
             she
             dealt
             very
             severely
             with
             all
             those
             that
             were
             found
             guilty
             of
             any
             Frauds
             or
             Cheats
             in
             the
             Management
             of
             the
             Publick
             Revenues
             ,
             or
             the
             purveyance
             for
             her
             Court
          
           ;
           
             which
             she
             was
             wont
             to
             call
             Harpies
             ,
             which
             fouled
             and
             ravaged
             all
             they
             could
             come
             at
             ;
             and
             she
             discouraged
             as
             much
             as
             was
             possible
             ,
             
               all
               the
               tricks
               and
               corruptions
               of
               the
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               :
            
          
           She
           encreased
           the
           Wages
           and
           Salaries
           of
           the
           Judges
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           might
           the
           better
           be
           enabled
           and
           encouraged
           to
           go
           their
           Circuits
           ,
           and
           administer
           Justice
           to
           her
           people
           ,
           she
           allowed
           them
           Travelling-Money
           and
           Purveyance
           .
           The
           effect
           of
           this
           prudent
           Administration
           was
           the
           enriching
           her
           and
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           attended
           
           with
           great
           Glory
           ,
           and
           a
           willing
           obedience
           from
           those
           under
           her
           happy
           Government
           .
           The
           Countrey
           was
           rarely
           well
           Tilled
           and
           improved
           .
           The
           Subject
           quiet
           and
           rich
           ,
           and
           her
           Councils
           and
           Parliaments
           honoured
           and
           reverenced
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           all
           those
           Perfections
           which
           separately
           have
           made
           so
           many
           Great
           Men
           admired
           ,
           met
           in
           this
           one
           Lady
           ,
           viz.
           Civil
           Prudence
           ,
           for
           the
           Government
           of
           a
           State
           ;
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Equity
           and
           Laws
           ;
           and
           an
           exact
           Skill
           of
           managing
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           Publick
           Affairs
           of
           it
           .
           Her
           Goverment
           was
           not
           like
           that
           of
           most
           other
           Women
           ,
           turbulent
           and
           insolent
           ;
           but
           was
           grateful
           to
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           pleasing
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           acceptable
           to
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ,
           equal
           and
           just
           to
           her
           Allies
           ,
           and
           admired
           by
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           .
           She
           has
           been
           celebrated
           not
           only
           in
           her
           own
           times
           ,
           but
           in
           all
           that
           have
           since
           followed
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           on
           the
           account
           of
           these
           Divine
           Virtues
           and
           Deserts
           ;
           
             For
             she
             was
             truly
             accounted
             the
             Parent
             of
             her
             ●…eople
             ,
             a
             Prince
             by
             her
             Nobles
             ,
             and
             the
             Patroness
             of
             true
             Piety
             and
             Religion
             ,
             by
             the
             Protestant
             Nations
             about
             her
             .
          
           Nor
           was
           
           there
           ever
           any
           Prince
           that
           was
           equally
           esteemed
           and
           loved
           by
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Commonalty
           too
           of
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           Queen
           ELIZABETH
           was
           by
           hers
           .
           If
           she
           happened
           at
           any
           time
           to
           be
           sick
           ,
           or
           ever
           so
           little
           disordered
           in
           her
           health
           ,
           her
           Nobility
           would
           be
           so
           alarmed
           at
           it
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           willingly
           never
           stir
           from
           her
           to
           eat
           or
           drink
           ,
           or
           take
           any
           care
           of
           themselves
           ;
           and
           all
           degrees
           of
           people
           would
           fly
           in
           vast
           Numbers
           to
           the
           Churches
           ,
           and
           with
           Tears
           and
           the
           most
           devout
           Prayers
           beg
           her
           Life
           and
           Health
           ,
           and
           the
           Continuance
           of
           her
           Government
           over
           them
           ,
           till
           God
           heard
           their
           Petitions
           ,
           and
           restored
           her
           to
           her
           Health
           .
           Nor
           was
           this
           an
           enjoined
           and
           formal
           Devotion
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           as
           hearty
           and
           as
           earnest
           as
           that
           which
           is
           made
           for
           the
           nearest
           and
           dearest
           Relations
           :
           And
           when
           they
           had
           obtained
           their
           desire
           ,
           the
           Joy
           and
           the
           Gratitude
           they
           expressed
           ,
           shewed
           they
           took
           her
           Preservation
           and
           Life
           for
           a
           Publick
           and
           an
           Universal
           Blessing
           .
           When
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           she
           had
           first
           taken
           care
           to
           reform
           and
           settle
           Religion
           ,
           and
           after
           that
           to
           redress
           and
           restore
           the
           
             Civil
             State
          
           or
           
           Government
           of
           England
           ,
           (
           which
           had
           been
           brought
           by
           the
           Calamities
           of
           the
           foregoing
           Reigns
           ,
           not
           only
           into
           a
           deplorable
           ,
           but
           almost
           into
           a
           desperate
           condition
           ,
           but
           now
           were
           by
           her
           Authority
           ,
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           Moderation
           ,
           with
           the
           Assistance
           of
           her
           Council
           ,
           brought
           to
           the
           state
           of
           Tranquility
           ,
           Order
           ,
           and
           Equity
           she
           designed
           )
           ;
           the
           Fears
           of
           England
           which
           before
           oppress'd
           the
           Nation
           in
           relation
           to
           Foreign
           Dangers
           as
           well
           as
           Domestick
           ,
           expired
           .
        
         
           When
           her
           first
           Parliament
           had
           setled
           
           the
           Succession
           and
           Religion
           ,
           their
           next
           care
           was
           for
           the
           Marriage
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           the
           providing
           for
           future
           times
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           ,
           the
           Commons
           ,
           by
           common
           consent
           resolved
           to
           Address
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           (
           fearing
           ,
           though
           without
           just
           cause
           )
           ,
           That
           she
           should
           Marry
           a
           Foreign
           Prince
           ,
           and
           thereby
           bring
           the
           English
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           into
           the
           same
           dangers
           they
           had
           been
           exposed
           to
           in
           the
           former
           Reign
           .
           
             They
             therefore
             represented
             the
             Affections
             of
             the
             Nation
             to
             her
             ,
             and
             said
             ,
             If
             they
             could
             hope
             she
             might
             be
             Immortal
             ,
             they
             
             would
             rest
             satisfied
             ;
             but
             that
             being
             a
             vain
             Imagination
             ,
             they
             earnestly
             besought
             her
             to
             chuse
             such
             an
             Husband
             as
             might
             make
             her self
             and
             the
             Nation
             happy
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             Blessing
             of
             God
             bring
             such
             Issue
             as
             might
             Reign
             after
             her
             Death
             ,
             which
             they
             prayed
             God
             might
             be
             very
             late
             .
          
           To
           this
           she
           replied
           ,
           
             That
             tho
             the
             Subject
             they
             came
             about
             was
             not
             acceptable
             to
          
           
           
             her
             ,
             yet
             it
             was
             a
             great
             satisfaction
             to
             her
             ,
             to
             see
             how
             zealous
             they
             and
             her
             other
             Subjects
             were
             for
             her
             Welfare
             ,
             and
             that
             she
             b●…lieved
             they
             desired
             it
             for
             her's
             and
             the
             Nation
             's
             Good.
             And
             as
             to
             the
             changing
             my
             present
             state
             ,
          
           (
           said
           she
           )
           
             and
             Marrying
             ,
             which
             you
             so
             earnestly
             desire
             I
             would
             do
             ,
             I
             have
             long
             since
             pe●…suaded
             my self
             ,
          
           That
           I
           was
           brought
           into
           the
           world
           by
           the
           special
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           I
           might
           in
           the
           first
           place
           think
           and
           do
           what
           tended
           most
           to
           his
           Glory
           :
           
             Therefore
             I
             have
             chosen
             that
             state
             of
             Life
             which
             is
             the
             freest
             from
             human
             cares
             ,
             that
             so
             I
             might
             be
             at
             leisure
             only
             to
             attend
             the
             Service
             of
             God
             And
             if
             it
             had
             been
             possible
             for
             the
             Marriage
             of
             a
             Potent
             Prince
             to
             have
             allured
             me
             ,
             or
             the
             Fears
             of
             Death
             to
             have
             affrighted
             me
             from
             this
             Resolution
             ,
          
           
           
             I
             might
             have
             been
             long
             since
             engaged
             in
             the
             Honourable
             State
             of
             Matrimony
             :
             and
             these
             were
             my
             thoughts
             when
             I
             was
             ●…et
             a
             Subject
             :
             But
             now
             when
             all
             the
             Cares
             which
             attend
             the
             Governing
             of
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             are
             come
             upon
             me
             ,
             it
             would
             appear
             a
             very
             inconsiderate
             and
             imprudent
             thing
             in
             me
             ,
             to
             add
             to
             them
             the
             Cares
             of
             a
             Married
             State.
             In
             truth
          
           (
           said
           she
           )
           
             I
             am
             already
             married
             (
             if
             〈◊〉
             else
             will
             satisfie
             you
             )
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             ENGLAND
             .
             See
             (
             what
             I
             wonder
             you
             could
             forget
             )
             the
             Pledge
             of
             my
             Marriage
             and
             betrothing
             to
             the
             Nation
             :
          
           And
           stretching
           out
           her
           hand
           ,
           she
           shewed
           them
           on
           one
           of
           the
           Fingers
           of
           her
           Right
           Hand
           ,
           the
           Gold
           Ring
           had
           been
           put
           upon
           it
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Custom
           ,
           at
           her
           Coronation
           .
           And
           after
           a
           short
           pause
           ,
           she
           thus
           went
           on
           :
           
             And
             I
             desire
             you
             would
             not
             look
             upon
             me
             as
             Childless
             ,
             and
             on
             that
             account
             weak
             and
             defenceless
             ;
             for
             you
             and
             all
             other
          
           English-men
           
             are
             my
             Children
             and
             Kinsmen
             ;
             and
             if
             God
             doth
             not
             deprive
             me
             of
             you
             ,
             (
             as
             I
             hope
             he
             will
             not
             )
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             no
             reason
             why
             I
             should
             be
             thought
             Childless
             .
             Yet
             I
             cannot
             but
             commend
             you
             for
             this
             ;
             That
             you
             have
             not
             prescribed
             or
             appointed
          
           
           
             who
             should
             be
             my
             Husband
             ;
             for
             this
             would
             have
             been
             a
             very
             great
             Affront
             to
             a
             Sovereign
             Prince
             as
             I
             am
             ,
             and
             very
             misbecoming
             you
             who
             are
             my
             Subjects
             born
             :
             But
             if
             ever
             it
             should
             please
             the
             Divine
             Majesty
             to
             incline
             me
             to
             change
             my
             Condition
             ,
             I
             promise
             you
             I
             will
             never
             do
             any
             thing
             that
             shall
             tend
             to
             the
             Damage
             of
             the
             State
             ;
             but
             will
             to
             the
             utmost
             of
             my
             power
             take
             such
             an
             Husband
             ,
             as
             shall
             take
             as
             much
             Care
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             as
             I
             do
             .
             But
             then
             if
             I
             should
             continue
             in
             my
             present
             State
             of
             Life
             ,
             I
             do
             not
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             God
             will
             so
             direct
             mine
             and
             your
             Counsels
             ,
             that
             there
             shall
             be
             no
             doubt
             of
             my
             Successor
             ,
             who
             may
             be
             more
             beneficial
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             than
             one
             born
             of
             me
             ;
             for
             it
             is
             often
             observed
             ,
             That
             the
             Children
             of
             the
             Best
             Princes
             do
             degenerate
             from
             the
             Virtues
             of
             their
             Parents
             .
             And
             as
             for
             me
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             the
             best
             Memorial
             and
             the
             greatest
             Honour
             I
             can
             wish
             to
             leave
             behind
             me
             ,
             to
             have
             this
             Inscription
             after
             my
             Death
             upon
             my
             Tomb
             ,
          
           HERE
           LIES
           A
           QUEEN
           THAT
           REIGNED
           SO
           LONG
           ,
           AND
           LIVED
           AND
           DIED
           A
           VIRGIN
           .
           And
           she
           concluded
           ,
           
             That
             she
             took
             their
             Address
             in
             good
             part
             ,
             and
             desired
             them
             to
             carry
             back
             her
             Thanks
          
           
           
             for
             the
             Care
             the
             Commons
             had
             of
             her
             .
          
           By
           this
           means
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           
           many
           Noblemen
           of
           great
           Estate
           and
           Power
           ,
           especially
           such
           as
           enjoyed
           the
           Blessings
           of
           Nature
           and
           Fortune
           ,
           Beauty
           and
           Wealth
           ,
           united
           together
           ,
           conceived
           an
           almost
           certain
           hopes
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           win
           their
           Maiden
           Queen
           ,
           and
           were
           by
           her
           Arts
           carried
           on
           in
           that
           expectation
           .
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           tho
           she
           lived
           in
           a
           Royal
           Plenty
           ,
           and
           was
           attacked
           by
           the
           Blandishments
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           a
           multitude
           of
           external
           pleasing
           Objects
           ,
           yet
           she
           persisted
           in
           the
           Resolution
           she
           had
           taken
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           constant
           and
           unmoveable
           Soul
           preferred
           her
           Maiden
           State
           to
           any
           Marriage
           .
           Though
           she
           was
           almost
           every
           night
           tempted
           to
           change
           her
           Resolution
           ,
           by
           the
           Luxury
           ,
           Chearfulness
           ,
           and
           Wantonness
           of
           a
           Court
           which
           shewed
           it self
           in
           Interludes
           ,
           Banquets
           ,
           and
           Balls
           ,
           and
           was
           surrounded
           on
           all
           sides
           with
           the
           Enticements
           of
           Pleasures
           ,
           and
           the
           things
           which
           might
           provoke
           the
           most
           cool
           and
           languid
           Lust
           ;
           yet
           she
           preserved
           her self
           from
           being
           Conquered
           or
           broken
           by
           them
           :
           For
           the
           Fear
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           a
           true
           Sense
           of
           Piety
           extinguished
           in
           her
           all
           Feminine
           Intemperance
           
           and
           Lust.
           Though
           she
           was
           the
           Sovereign
           and
           Mistress
           of
           all
           ,
           she
           did
           nothing
           that
           was
           insolent
           ;
           tho
           she
           ha●…
           an
           abundance
           of
           Wealth
           at
           her
           Command
           ,
           she
           was
           not
           dissolute
           ,
           but
           she
           governed
           her self
           by
           the
           severest
           Rules
           of
           Chastity
           and
           Continence
           .
           Yet
           her
           Juvenile
           Age
           ,
           (
           for
           she
           was
           then
           about
           Twenty
           five
           years
           old
           )
           and
           the
           Intemperance
           which
           will
           ever
           attend
           a
           Court
           ,
           gave
           occasion
           to
           some
           injurious
           Reports
           ;
           but
           then
           she
           as
           casily
           washed
           off
           that
           slanderous
           Infamy
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           the
           most
           raging
           Crimes
           of
           the
           Age
           ,
           by
           the
           incredible
           Continence
           and
           Chastity
           of
           her
           whole
           Life
           ;
           her
           Modesty
           and
           Prudence
           over-ruling
           and
           controuling
           the
           Natural
           Inclination
           and
           Disposition
           .
           Her
           
             Maids
             of
             Honour
          
           ,
           who
           waited
           on
           her
           ,
           took
           a
           wonderful
           pleasure
           in
           her
           Manners
           ,
           her
           Discourses
           ,
           and
           Conversation
           ,
           and
           wholly
           applied
           themselves
           to
           imitate
           her
           ,
           borrowing
           from
           her
           examples
           of
           Modesty
           and
           Chastity
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           would
           never
           suffer
           any
           young
           Nobleman
           to
           have
           any
           familiar
           Acquaintance
           with
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           recommended
           himself
           to
           them
           by
           some
           Generous
           Manly
           Action
           in
           the
           Wars
           .
        
         
         
           Amongst
           those
           who
           in
           the
           several
           
           parts
           of
           her
           Life
           aspired
           to
           the
           Honour
           of
           her
           Bed
           ,
           
             Edward
             Courtney
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Devonshire
             ,
             and
             Marquess
             of
             Exeter
             ,
          
           was
           the
           first
           who
           courted
           her
           in
           her
           youngest
           years
           :
           And
           after
           him
           ,
           Christian
           III.
           King
           of
           Denmark
           ,
           for
           his
           Son
           Frederick
           ;
           after
           this
           ,
           ●…erdinand
           the
           Emperor
           desired
           her
           for
           his
           Son
           
             Charles
             ;
             Philip
          
           II.
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           *
           Erix
           King
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           and
           *
           Adolph
           Duke
           of
           Holstein
           ;
           the
           Dukes
           of
           †
           Anjou
           and
           ⸫
           Alenzon
           ,
           both
           Princes
           of
           the
           House
           of
           France
           ,
           desired
           to
           have
           Married
           her
           ;
           but
           all
           this
           was
           to
           no
           purpose
           ;
           for
           when
           she
           had
           by
           these
           Treaties
           deluded
           them
           ,
           and
           secured
           her self
           ,
           she
           ever
           after
           pretended
           ,
           That
           at
           her
           Coronation
           she
           had
           obliged
           her self
           not
           to
           Marry
           a
           Foreign
           Prince
           .
           Yet
           there
           were
           some
           at
           home
           ,
           who
           after
           this
           deceived
           themselves
           with
           these
           deluding
           hopes
           ;
           amongst
           whom
           was
           
             James
             Earl
             of
             Arran
          
           ,
           a
           Scotch
           Nobleman
           ,
           who
           was
           recommended
           to
           the
           Queen
           for
           an
           Husband
           ,
           by
           the
           Protestants
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           the
           best
           means
           of
           Uniting
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ;
           but
           though
           she
           commended
           this
           Gentleman
           ,
           yet
           she
           rejected
           the
           Proposal
           .
           
           There
           was
           also
           one
           Sir
           
             William
             Pickering
          
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           who
           had
           improved
           himself
           by
           
             Ambassies
          
           and
           the
           French
           Breeding
           ,
           who
           aspired
           to
           it
           ,
           tho
           it
           was
           so
           much
           above
           his
           Fortunes
           .
           And
           
             Thomas
             Howard
          
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Arundel
           ,
           asterwards
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           one
           descended
           of
           one
           of
           the
           Noblest
           and
           Richest
           Families
           in
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           and
           a
           person
           of
           great
           Interest
           and
           Authority
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           advanced
           in
           years
           ,
           yet
           he
           would
           also
           very
           fain
           have
           married
           the
           Queen
           ;
           but
           when
           he
           perceived
           his
           Old
           Age
           was
           ridicul'd
           and
           despised
           ,
           he
           left
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           went
           abroad
           ,
           and
           never
           came
           back
           again
           into
           England
           .
        
         
           She
           persisted
           in
           this
           Resolution
           of
           
           Celebacy
           ,
           with
           a
           Constancy
           that
           was
           admired
           then
           ,
           and
           ever
           since
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           she
           would
           grow
           angry
           when
           any
           of
           her
           Subjects
           spake
           to
           her
           of
           Marriage
           ,
           which
           they
           as
           passionately
           desired
           ,
           as
           she
           declined
           it
           .
           The
           reason
           of
           this
           was
           wonderfully
           exagitated
           in
           the
           thoughts
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           some
           were
           very
           unmannerly
           (
           to
           speak
           the
           best
           of
           it
           )
           in
           their
           Conjectures
           ;
           whilst
           others
           ascribed
           it
           ,
           with
           much
           more
           
           probability
           ,
           to
           an
           habit
           of
           Chastity
           ,
           which
           put
           a
           Curb
           upon
           all
           irregular
           Desires
           ;
           or
           the
           fears
           of
           changing
           her
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           diminishing
           her
           Authority
           ;
           it
           being
           but
           reasonable
           she
           should
           ●…spect
           ,
           that
           whosoever
           had
           Married
           her
           ,
           would
           have
           taken
           upon
           him
           the
           principal
           Administration
           ,
           and
           so
           have
           abated
           her
           Power
           and
           Reputation
           :
           others
           ascribed
           it
           to
           the
           Counsel
           of
           her
           Friends
           ,
           who
           yet
           prevailed
           with
           her
           to
           suffer
           Treaties
           of
           Marriage
           to
           be
           carried
           on
           ,
           to
           render
           Foreign
           Princes
           more
           favourable
           to
           her
           Interests
           ,
           by
           the
           hopes
           of
           attaining
           her
           at
           last
           .
           But
           whatever
           was
           the
           true
           Cause
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           can
           be
           certainly
           known
           to
           none
           but
           God
           ,
           had
           this
           Queen
           been
           of
           the
           Communion
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           ,
           this
           single
           Virtue
           would
           have
           gone
           a
           great
           way
           to
           the
           Canonizing
           of
           her
           ,
           as
           it
           has
           of
           many
           others
           ;
           and
           she
           certainly
           would
           have
           much
           more
           deserved
           it
           ,
           than
           any
           of
           the
           best
           that
           have
           been
           Sainted
           on
           that
           account
           only
           .
        
         
           The
           common
           people
           of
           England
           for
           
           a
           long
           time
           most
           firmly
           believed
           ,
           That
           
             Robert
             Dudley
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             ,
          
           
           and
           
             Lord
             Steward
             of
             the
             House
          
           to
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           would
           be
           the
           man
           that
           would
           marry
           the
           Queen
           :
           He
           was
           youngest
           Son
           to
           
             John
             Dudley
          
           Duke
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           who
           with
           his
           Eld●…r
           Sons
           ,
           ●…ohn
           call'd
           Larl
           of
           Warwick
           ,
           Sir
           Am●…rose
           ,
           Sir
           Guilford
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Dudley
          
           ,
           had
           been
           found
           Guilty
           of
           High
           ●…reason
           ,
           and
           the
           Father
           ,
           an●…
           Sir
           Guilford
           a
           younger
           Son
           ,
           was
           behead●…d
           in
           the
           fi●…st
           year
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           s
           Reign
           ;
           when
           this
           Ro●…ert
           (
           who
           was
           the
           youngest
           Son
           his
           ●…ather
           had
           then
           living
           )
           was
           spared
           merely
           on
           the
           account
           of
           his
           youth
           ,
           and
           never
           Tried
           or
           Dishonoured
           .
           This
           Gentleman
           in
           his
           younger
           years
           was
           a
           very
           goodly
           Person
           ,
           of
           a
           B●…autiful
           and
           Lovely
           Complexion
           and
           Features
           ,
           but
           high
           foreheaded
           ,
           which
           yet
           was
           not
           then
           thought
           any
           diminution
           of
           his
           Beauty
           ;
           he
           was
           a
           very
           great
           Politician
           ,
           but
           no
           great
           Soldier
           ;
           and
           tho
           he
           was
           not
           over-righteous
           in
           his
           Actions
           ,
           yet
           in
           his
           Letters
           there
           was
           not
           known
           a
           Stile
           more
           Religious
           ,
           and
           fuller
           of
           the
           strcams
           of
           Devotion
           .
           This
           Favourite
           was
           then
           in
           the
           Verdure
           and
           most
           Flowering
           Spring
           of
           his
           Youth
           ,
           of
           a
           Stately
           Carriage
           ,
           a
           Modest
           and
           Grave
           
           Look
           ,
           a
           great
           Flatterer
           ,
           of
           a
           pleasant
           and
           easie
           nature
           in
           outward
           shew
           or
           appearance
           ;
           and
           being
           endowed
           with
           all
           those
           Accomplishments
           the
           City
           or
           Court
           could
           teach
           him
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           had
           had
           his
           Education
           ,
           he
           had
           insinuated
           himself
           into
           the
           Favour
           and
           Familiarity
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           by
           his
           specious
           shews
           of
           Loyalty
           ,
           Industry
           ,
           and
           Vigilance
           in
           her
           ●…ervice
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           long
           time
           managed
           the
           greatest
           Station
           in
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           was
           reputed
           the
           First
           Minister
           of
           State
           ,
           though
           his
           Counsels
           were
           not
           over-fortunate
           .
           His
           Brother
           Ambrose
           was
           Heir
           to
           the
           Estate
           ,
           and
           he
           to
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           that
           Family
           ;
           for
           he
           had
           all
           the
           Arts
           of
           the
           
             Publi●…an
             Dudley
          
           ,
           his
           Grandfather
           ,
           and
           the
           Policies
           of
           Northumberland
           his
           Father
           .
           He
           was
           the
           most
           reserved
           man
           of
           that
           Age
           ,
           that
           saw
           all
           ,
           and
           was
           invisible
           ,
           carrying
           a
           depth
           not
           to
           be
           fathomed
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           
             Searcher
             of
             He●…rts
          
           .
           He
           became
           in
           his
           latter
           times
           sullen
           to
           his
           Superiors
           ,
           haughty
           towards
           his
           Equals
           ,
           insolent
           to
           his
           Inferiors
           ,
           ungrateful
           to
           his
           Friends
           ,
           and
           pernicious
           to
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           intolerable
           to
           all
           but
           the
           Queen
           .
           She
           made
           him
           first
           Master
           of
           her
           
           Horse
           ,
           and
           after
           
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
          
           ,
           for
           the
           Sufferings
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           both
           in
           her
           Father's
           and
           Sister's
           Reign
           :
           But
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           who
           very
           rarely
           penetrate
           into
           the
           Thoughts
           of
           Princes
           ,
           ascribed
           all
           his
           Power
           and
           good
           Fortune
           to
           his
           Wit
           and
           Carriage
           ,
           which
           was
           formed
           by
           Nature
           and
           Art
           ,
           to
           the
           alluring
           of
           the
           softer
           Sex
           ,
           he
           being
           of
           a
           very
           taking
           Behaviour
           ,
           and
           an
           excellent
           Dancer
           ,
           so
           that
           one
           of
           the
           b●…st
           Dances
           of
           that
           Age
           ,
           was
           called
           by
           his
           Name
           ,
           
             The
             Leicester
             Dance
          
           .
           When
           he
           found
           the
           Tide
           of
           Fortune
           flowing
           according
           to
           his
           Ambitious
           Wishes
           ,
           his
           heart
           was
           too
           much
           lifted
           up
           ;
           and
           being
           sometimes
           confounded
           by
           the
           Number
           of
           his
           Attendants
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           waited
           upon
           and
           visited
           him
           ,
           he
           would
           forget
           their
           Names
           ,
           and
           call
           them
           by
           that
           of
           other
           men
           .
           He
           oft●…n
           changed
           his
           Cloathes
           ,
           and
           affected
           Gallantry
           to
           an
           Excess
           .
           He
           put
           himsels
           forward
           ,
           and
           took
           up
           the
           distant
           Employments
           of
           Peace
           and
           War
           ,
           in
           exclusion
           of
           others
           who
           had
           more
           Experience
           ,
           (
           especially
           in
           War
           )
           and
           were
           Nobly
           born
           .
           He
           was
           continually
           plodding
           to
           find
           the
           Studies
           ,
           Abilities
           ,
           Forces
           ,
           and
           Dispositions
           of
           
           other
           men
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           his
           Application
           and
           Parts
           ,
           that
           he
           rarely
           miscarried
           in
           his
           Enquiries
           He
           would
           terrifie
           and
           sometimes
           destroy
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           allure
           his
           Friends
           by
           the
           shews
           of
           Rewards
           :
           He
           by
           his
           Interest
           advanced
           his
           Dependants
           ,
           Kindred
           and
           Relations
           ,
           to
           Honours
           and
           Employments
           ;
           And
           when
           he
           found
           his
           opportunity
           ,
           he
           as
           craftily
           sold
           his
           Mistress's
           Favours
           ,
           and
           the
           Employments
           he
           had
           taken
           from
           others
           :
           He
           did
           the
           same
           by
           the
           Livings
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           but
           then
           he
           took
           Bonds
           and
           other
           Securities
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           Penalties
           of
           Simony
           .
           Yet
           there
           were
           few
           for
           a
           great
           while
           called
           to
           the
           Council-Table
           ,
           or
           admitted
           to
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           ,
           but
           by
           his
           Commendation
           and
           Procurement
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           seemed
           not
           so
           much
           to
           be
           the
           Queen
           's
           particular
           Favourite
           ,
           as
           her
           Partner
           in
           the
           Royal
           Power
           ;
           and
           he
           was
           accordingly
           courted
           and
           revered
           by
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           .
        
         
           The
           Queen
           made
           him
           
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
          
           in
           the
           year
           1564.
           she
           gave
           him
           also
           a
           considerable
           Estate
           out
           of
           the
           Crown
           Lands
           ,
           and
           advanced
           him
           from
           
             Master
             of
             the
             Horse
          
           ,
           to
           
             Lord
             Steward
          
           
           
           
           
           
           
             of
             her
             Houshold
          
           .
           She
           had
           made
           
             Ambrose
             Dudley
          
           ,
           his
           eldest
           Brother
           ,
           (
           then
           living
           ,
           for
           John
           the
           eldest
           of
           them
           died
           a
           Prisoner
           in
           the
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           
           Mary
           ,
           without
           Issue
           )
           ,
           about
           two
           years
           before
           Earl
           of
           Warwick
           ;
           and
           enriched
           him
           with
           the
           Grant
           of
           a
           plentiful
           Estate
           to
           bear
           the
           Charge
           of
           that
           Honour
           ;
           much
           of
           which
           being
           made
           up
           out
           of
           the
           Estates
           that
           had
           been
           forfeited
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           this
           and
           the
           sudden
           Rise
           of
           these
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           done
           any
           considerable
           Service
           to
           the
           Nation
           ,
           that
           was
           known
           ,
           either
           in
           Peace
           or
           War
           ,
           made
           them
           envied
           and
           hated
           not
           only
           by
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Courtiers
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           Populace
           :
           And
           Leicester
           encreased
           the
           Aversion
           of
           all
           men
           ,
           by
           his
           licentious
           and
           expensive
           way
           of
           living
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Rapins
           which
           he
           craftily
           made
           upon
           many
           ;
           he
           in
           other
           Instances
           perverted
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           invaded
           the
           last
           Wills
           and
           Testaments
           of
           the
           Dead
           :
           He
           ruined
           many
           of
           his
           Neighbours
           by
           cunning
           and
           tedious
           Law-Suits
           to
           get
           their
           Estates
           which
           lay
           convenient
           for
           him
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           he
           gave
           himself
           up
           intirely
           to
           the
           exercise
           of
           a
           most
           wicked
           and
           univerfal
           
           Luxury
           ,
           and
           brought
           into
           England
           from
           Foreign
           Countreys
           ,
           many
           new
           and
           unheard-of
           Pleasures
           ,
           and
           invented
           new
           kinds
           of
           Dishes
           to
           gratifie
           his
           Gluttony
           :
           He
           would
           drink
           dissolved
           Pearls
           and
           Amber
           to
           excite
           his
           Lust
           ;
           and
           had
           so
           accustomed
           himself
           to
           the
           scents
           of
           Musk
           and
           Civet
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           went
           General
           into
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           live
           without
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           short
           ,
           he
           very
           much
           exceeded
           the
           Intemperance
           of
           all
           former
           times
           ,
           and
           made
           an
           accursed
           addition
           to
           the
           ruining-disorders
           of
           men
           .
           His
           Example
           corrupted
           many
           of
           the
           younger
           Nobility
           also
           ,
           who
           being
           prone
           to
           Luxury
           ,
           very
           easily
           imitated
           his
           Vices
           ,
           and
           thought
           that
           the
           height
           of
           human
           Happiness
           was
           in
           Pleasures
           ;
           and
           therefore
           wholly
           neglecting
           the
           Care
           and
           Improvement
           of
           their
           Minds
           ,
           spent
           all
           their
           Time
           ,
           Money
           ,
           and
           Thoughts
           on
           the
           Dressing
           themselves
           after
           the
           French
           Fashion
           ,
           and
           pleasing
           their
           Senses
           .
           
           Who
           can
           conceive
           the
           Poverty
           that
           followed
           these
           immense
           Expences
           ?
           And
           the
           bold
           Adventures
           these
           impoverished
           Gallants
           were
           forced
           upon
           to
           supply
           their
           Wants
           ?
           Desperation
           and
           Effeminacy
           making
           them
           outragious
           to
           
           the
           Ruin
           of
           the
           State.
           Certainly
           there
           is
           nothing
           that
           is
           more
           destructive
           to
           a
           Nation
           ,
           and
           consequently
           more
           to
           be
           avoided
           ,
           than
           the
           Feasts
           and
           Riots
           of
           a
           prodigal
           Apicius
           ,
           or
           the
           Luxury
           and
           Banquets
           of
           a
           profuse
           〈◊〉
           .
           Thus
           was
           Fitz-Alan
           the
           last
           ●…arl
           of
           Arundel
           ,
           and
           
             Edward
             de
             Vere
             ,
             Lord
             High
             Chamberlain
             of
             England
             ,
          
           and
           Earl
           of
           Oxford
           ,
           the
           Baron
           of
           Windfor
           ,
           and
           many
           rich
           Knights
           and
           Gentlemen
           ,
           who
           might
           have
           been
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           by
           his
           ill
           Example
           and
           Conversation
           drawn
           into
           great
           Expences
           ,
           Chargeable
           Feasts
           ,
           Balls
           ,
           and
           Interludes
           ,
           and
           an
           excessive
           Gallantry
           ,
           the
           common
           Attendants
           of
           too
           much
           Ease
           and
           Plenty
           ;
           by
           which
           they
           much
           wasted
           their
           Estates
           ,
           and
           impoverished
           their
           Families
           ;
           and
           their
           Bodies
           also
           were
           much
           softned
           and
           unmann'd
           by
           their
           Excesses
           and
           Sloth
           ;
           and
           the
           generous
           Inclinations
           and
           Faculties
           of
           their
           Souls
           stifled
           and
           weakned
           by
           the
           Charms
           of
           Pleasures
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           some
           who
           think
           that
           the
           
           crafty
           
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
          
           designed
           this
           debauching
           the
           Prime
           Nobility
           of
           England
           ,
           when
           he
           entred
           upon
           this
           way
           of
           
           living
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           by
           it
           render
           them
           weak
           and
           contemptible
           :
           But
           however
           ,
           it
           is
           most
           certain
           ,
           the
           great
           influence
           he
           had
           upon
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           his
           being
           the
           Prime
           Minister
           of
           State
           ;
           and
           acquainted
           with
           all
           her
           Counsels
           and
           Intentions
           ,
           made
           him
           extremely
           hated
           by
           all
           the
           rest
           .
           He
           had
           by
           his
           cunning
           and
           crafty
           Projects
           and
           Counsels
           ,
           engrossed
           all
           the
           Rewards
           of
           Virtue
           ,
           Riches
           ,
           Honours
           ,
           Attendants
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           Place
           of
           Minister
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           he
           managed
           them
           ,
           and
           lived
           without
           any
           Religion
           towards
           God
           ,
           or
           Fidelity
           to
           men
           ,
           making
           it
           his
           great
           design
           to
           cover
           all
           things
           with
           Luxury
           ,
           Cruelty
           ,
           and
           Rapines
           .
           With
           whom
           did
           he
           continue
           in
           a
           constant
           Friendship
           ?
           What
           good
           man
           did
           not
           find
           him
           an
           Enemy
           ?
           He
           was
           to
           the
           utmost
           degree
           ungrateful
           to
           all
           his
           Friends
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           of
           his
           Enemies
           had
           at
           any
           time
           a
           little
           too
           freely
           expressed
           their
           Resentments
           against
           his
           Dishonesty
           ,
           Wickedness
           ,
           Injuries
           ,
           Power
           ,
           or
           Perfidy
           ,
           (
           as
           he
           gave
           men
           too
           frequent
           occasions
           to
           reflect
           on
           them
           )
           he
           seldom
           failed
           to
           cause
           them
           to
           be
           treacherously
           murdered
           .
           
             Many
             fell
             in
             his
             time
          
           (
           saith
           a
           Great
           Man
           of
           that
           Age
           )
           
             who
             saw
             not
             the
             hand
             that
          
           
           
             pull'd
             them
             down
             ;
             and
             as
             many
             died
             ,
             that
             knew
             not
             their
             own
             disease
             :
             He
             would
             not
             trust
             his
             Familiars
             above
             one
             year
             ,
             but
             either
             Transported
             them
             to
             Foreign
             Services
             ,
             or
             wafted
             them
             to
             another
             world
             .
          
           In
           the
           year
           1583
           ,
           he
           caused
           one
           Mr.
           
             Edward
             Adern
          
           ,
           a
           Generous
           ,
           but
           Imprudent
           and
           Rash
           Gentleman
           ,
           a
           zealous
           Roman-Catholick
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           Defamer
           of
           others
           ,
           to
           be
           drawn
           into
           Troubles
           ,
           by
           the
           means
           of
           one
           Somervil
           (
           a
           mad
           Papist
           )
           his
           Father-in-Law
           ,
           and
           one
           Hall
           ,
           a
           Popish
           Priest
           ;
           and
           being
           found
           guilty
           of
           Treason
           ,
           he
           ,
           his
           Wife
           ,
           Somervil
           ,
           and
           the
           Priest
           ,
           were
           all
           sentenced
           to
           die
           .
           Somervil
           hanged
           himself
           in
           Prison
           ,
           Adern
           was
           executed
           ,
           and
           Hall
           the
           Author
           and
           Procurer
           of
           all
           this
           Mischief
           ,
           was
           preserved
           by
           the
           Intercession
           of
           Leicester
           .
           This
           was
           by
           all
           men
           looked
           upon
           a
           Spectacle
           of
           great
           Compassion
           .
           He
           laid
           Snares
           for
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           ruining
           the
           Reputation
           of
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           endangering
           the
           Lives
           of
           others
           ;
           and
           some
           Noble
           Families
           he
           utterly
           extinguished
           .
           He
           impiously
           and
           sacrilegiously
           invaded
           the
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           brought
           some
           of
           the
           Bishops
           into
           Danger
           and
           Dis-favour
           .
           He
           incensed
           the
           Queen
           against
           the
           Lord
           
           
             Archbishop
             Grindal
          
           ,
           a
           Prelate
           of
           great
           Integrity
           and
           Honesty
           ,
           by
           his
           Calumnies
           and
           Slanders
           .
           This
           Grave
           and
           Religious
           Prelate
           was
           (
           as
           Mr.
           Cambden
           
           saith
           )
           first
           made
           Bishop
           of
           London
           ,
           then
           Archbishop
           of
           York
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           and
           for
           many
           years
           enjoyed
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           till
           by
           the
           crafty
           Insinuations
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           she
           was
           set
           against
           him
           ,
           upon
           a
           pretence
           and
           slanderous
           Report
           ,
           That
           he
           was
           a
           Favourer
           of
           the
           Conventicles
           of
           the
           turbulent
           
             Puritan
             Preachers
          
           ,
           and
           of
           their
           Preachments
           ;
           but
           in
           truth
           because
           he
           would
           not
           patiently
           dissemble
           the
           Disorders
           of
           one
           Julio
           an
           
             Italian
             Physician
          
           ,
           and
           a
           Favourite
           of
           Leicester's
           ,
           who
           had
           Married
           another
           man's
           Wife
           ,
           for
           which
           the
           good
           Prelate
           stoutly
           prosecuted
           him
           ,
           though
           Leicester
           appeared
           for
           the
           Criminal
           .
        
         
           The
           best
           of
           Princes
           ,
           after
           all
           the
           
           Care
           and
           prudent
           Foresight
           that
           Mortality
           is
           capable
           of
           ,
           are
           yet
           sometimes
           deceived
           in
           the
           choice
           of
           their
           Servants
           .
           Leicester
           having
           married
           the
           Countess
           
             Dowager
             of
             Essex
          
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           Widow
           when
           his
           first
           Lady
           died
           ,
           and
           having
           no
           Children
           of
           his
           own
           ,
           was
           easily
           perswaded
           
           by
           his
           Wife
           to
           recommend
           
             Robert
             Devereux
          
           ,
           the
           young
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           ,
           her
           Son
           ,
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           as
           one
           fit
           to
           serve
           her
           Majesty
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           he
           opened
           the
           way
           to
           that
           great
           man
           ,
           and
           brought
           him
           with
           good
           advantage
           into
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           into
           Business
           .
           Nor
           would
           this
           Nobleman
           afterwards
           refuse
           to
           acknowledge
           ,
           That
           all
           the
           Authority
           and
           Favour
           he
           had
           acquired
           with
           the
           Queen
           ,
           was
           owing
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           to
           the
           Assistance
           his
           Step-Father
           had
           at
           first
           given
           him
           .
        
         
           When
           he
           had
           some
           time
           served
           as
           a
           
           Volunteer
           ,
           first
           under
           his
           own
           Father
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           after
           in
           other
           places
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           
             General
             of
             the
             Horse
          
           ,
           and
           Field-Marshal
           ,
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ;
           when
           in
           the
           year
           1585
           ,
           he
           went
           General
           of
           the
           English
           Forces
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           .
           In
           this
           Expedition
           this
           Noble
           Gentleman
           behaved
           himself
           with
           that
           Courage
           ,
           Bravery
           ,
           Moderation
           ,
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           that
           he
           won
           the
           Love
           and
           Esteem
           of
           the
           whole
           Army
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           Reputation
           he
           became
           very
           Popular
           ,
           which
           afterwards
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           his
           Ruin.
           The
           truth
           was
           ,
           
           he
           for
           Honesty
           ,
           Valour
           ,
           Liberality
           ,
           
           and
           Sincerity
           ,
           was
           equal
           to
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           his
           time
           ;
           but
           in
           Prudence
           and
           Discretion
           he
           was
           inferior
           to
           many
           .
           He
           for
           a
           long
           time
           enjoyed
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           which
           his
           goodness
           prompted
           him
           freely
           to
           employ
           to
           the
           doing
           good
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           relief
           of
           the
           indigent
           and
           oppressed
           ;
           so
           that
           all
           his
           Greatness
           seemed
           only
           to
           be
           lodged
           in
           him
           as
           Water
           in
           a
           Cistern
           ,
           for
           the
           good
           of
           others
           He
           was
           not
           observed
           to
           be
           addicted
           to
           any
           Vice
           ,
           but
           that
           of
           Missing
           and
           Luxury
           ;
           but
           as
           to
           all
           his
           other
           Appetites
           ,
           he
           had
           them
           in
           a
           tolerable
           subjection
           to
           his
           Reason
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1587
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           
             Master
             of
             the
             Horse
          
           .
           In
           1590
           ,
           he
           was
           sent
           into
           France
           with
           an
           English
           Army
           ,
           to
           assist
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           In
           1596
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           
             Earl
             Marshal
          
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           after
           that
           ,
           Master
           of
           the
           Ordnance
           the
           same
           year
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1597
           ,
           he
           was
           Admiral
           of
           the
           second
           Squadron
           of
           that
           Fleet
           which
           was
           sent
           against
           Cadiz
           .
           In
           1599
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           Lord
           
             Deputy
             of
             Irel●…nd
          
           ,
           with
           more
           ample
           power
           than
           had
           been
           given
           to
           any
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           and
           a
           good
           Army
           .
           This
           Expedition
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           the
           Ruin
           of
           this
           Great
           Man
           ;
           his
           Army
           being
           wasted
           ,
           without
           any
           
           considerable
           Advantage
           .
           Cambden
           attributes
           this
           to
           the
           Discontent
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           ,
           Because
           Sir
           
             Robert
             Cecil
          
           was
           made
           
             Master
             of
             the
             Wards
          
           ;
           which
           so
           netled
           him
           ,
           who
           desired
           to
           engross
           all
           h●…s
           Mistress's
           Favours
           ,
           that
           he
           left
           Ireland
           without
           leave
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           England
           ,
           where
           he
           perished
           in
           his
           Discontent
           and
           Folly
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1600.
           
        
         
           The
           Queen
           was
           in
           her
           own
           Temper
           
           a
           Person
           of
           an
           extraordinary
           Piety
           and
           Goodness
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           exception
           ;
           yet
           her
           Virtue
           was
           scarce
           able
           to
           secure
           her
           from
           being
           made
           infamous
           and
           unhappy
           by
           the
           Wickedness
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ;
           she
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           relying
           too
           much
           upon
           his
           Counsel
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           committing
           her self
           and
           her
           Kingdoms
           to
           his
           Industry
           and
           Care
           ,
           to
           the
           neglect
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           who
           hated
           this
           Minister
           ;
           Whilst
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Peers
           withdrew
           from
           Danger
           ,
           or
           stood
           as
           it
           were
           at
           a
           gaze
           in
           a
           stupid
           amazement
           ,
           or
           servilely
           and
           patiently
           complied
           with
           him
           :
           But
           
             Thomas
             Ratcliff
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Sussex
             ,
          
           and
           
             Lord
             Chamberlain
             of
             the
             Houshold
          
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           President
           of
           the
           North
           ;
           
           agoodly
           Gentleman
           ,
           of
           a
           Brave
           and
           
           Noble
           Nature
           ;
           constant
           to
           his
           Friends
           and
           Servants
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           Soldier
           the
           Queen
           then
           had
           ,
           would
           not
           so
           tamely
           yield
           to
           Leicester
           ;
           there
           being
           in
           his
           Nature
           as
           well
           as
           Morals
           ,
           a
           perfect
           Antipathy
           to
           the
           other
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           Court
           for
           a
           long
           time
           stood
           divided
           between
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           kept
           Spies
           upon
           each
           other's
           actions
           :
           The
           Queen
           did
           what
           she
           could
           to
           reconcile
           them
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           utterly
           impossible
           ;
           they
           were
           equal
           in
           Power
           and
           Estate
           ,
           but
           so
           differing
           from
           each
           other
           in
           their
           Designs
           and
           Interests
           ,
           and
           so
           unwilling
           on
           both
           sides
           to
           yield
           ,
           that
           nothing
           but
           Death
           could
           determine
           this
           mortal
           Feud
           between
           them
           .
           This
           Noble
           Martial
           Earl
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1583.
           
           He
           would
           often
           remonstrate
           ,
           That
           Leicester's
           Covetousness
           and
           his
           other
           Vices
           were
           intolerable
           ;
           that
           he
           had
           more
           Authority
           with
           the
           Queen
           ,
           than
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           that
           he
           disposed
           of
           all
           the
           Rewards
           of
           Virtue
           and
           Industry
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           rest
           were
           forced
           to
           truckle
           under
           ,
           and
           serve
           him
           ;
           that
           his
           Pride
           ,
           Laziness
           ,
           Luxury
           ,
           and
           dissolute
           Manners
           were
           not
           to
           be
           born
           ;
           and
           there
           was
           hardly
           a
           good
           man
           in
           the
           Nation
           ,
           
           who
           was
           not
           in
           his
           heart
           convinced
           of
           the
           truth
           of
           all
           this
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           wish
           to
           see
           this
           ill
           man
           humbled
           .
           The
           truth
           is
           ,
           Sussex
           was
           the
           honester
           man
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           Soldier
           ;
           Leicester
           the
           more
           accomplished
           Courtier
           ,
           and
           the
           deeper
           Politician
           ,
           not
           for
           the
           general
           Good
           ,
           but
           his
           own
           partitular
           Profit
           .
        
         
           Sir
           
             William
             Cecil
          
           was
           a
           Person
           of
           
           great
           Learning
           ,
           singular
           Judgment
           ,
           and
           admirable
           Moderation
           and
           Prudence
           ;
           unto
           which
           is
           justly
           attributed
           very
           much
           of
           the
           Prosperity
           which
           England
           for
           so
           many
           years
           enjoyed
           under
           this
           most
           auspieious
           Government
           .
           He
           was
           made
           Secretary
           of
           State
           the
           5th
           .
           of
           Ed●…
           .
           the
           6th
           .
           1551.
           
           His
           opposition
           to
           the
           Exclusion
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           preserved
           him
           in
           her
           fair
           Esteem
           ,
           tho
           he
           was
           of
           a
           differing
           Religion
           .
           In
           the
           first
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           he
           was
           again
           call'd
           to
           the
           Council-Table
           .
           In
           the
           3d.
           year
           of
           her
           Reign
           he
           was
           made
           
             Master
             of
             the
             Wards
          
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           
             14th
             .
             Anno
          
           1572.
           he
           was
           made
           Lord
           Treasurer
           of
           England
           ,
           upon
           the
           Death
           of
           
             William
             Lord
             Pa●…let
          
           ,
           havingthe
           25th
           ,
           of
           February
           of
           the
           preceding
           year
           ,
           obtained
           his
           Patentof
           Baron
           Lord
           Burleigh
           ;
           so
           
           that
           he
           was
           the
           first
           Peer
           of
           this
           Illustrious
           House
           ,
           though
           his
           Father
           and
           Grandfather
           had
           enjoyed
           good
           Employments
           under
           Henry
           the
           8th
           .
           In
           all
           the
           Contests
           between
           Sussex
           and
           Leicester
           ,
           this
           Great
           Man
           stood
           Neuter
           ,
           and
           would
           engage
           in
           neither
           of
           the
           Parties
           ;
           which
           made
           him
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           Third
           ,
           and
           enabled
           him
           to
           serve
           himself
           of
           both
           the
           other
           ,
           in
           whose
           ways
           he
           laid
           many
           rubs
           .
           Others
           were
           raised
           to
           balance
           Factions
           ,
           he
           to
           support
           a
           Kingdom
           ;
           as
           he
           was
           the
           best
           Statesman
           in
           that
           Age
           ,
           so
           he
           was
           constantly
           on
           the
           watch
           for
           the
           
             Safety
             of
             his
             Mistress
             and
             her
             Kingdoms
             .
             Leicester
          
           was
           the
           Cunningest
           man
           of
           the
           Age
           ,
           but
           Cecil
           the
           Wisest
           ,
           the
           Stoutest
           ;
           and
           being
           without
           Guile
           or
           Pride
           ;
           made
           it
           his
           business
           to
           baffle
           all
           Leicester's
           Projects
           for
           th●…
           Marriage
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           the
           enslaving
           the
           Nation
           .
           He
           and
           Sussex
           threw
           themselves
           once
           at
           the
           Feet
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           presumed
           to
           tell
           her
           ,
           That
           all
           her
           good
           subjects
           were
           concern'd
           to
           see
           the
           Danger
           and
           Dishonour
           Dudley
           had
           brought
           upon
           her
           ;
           
             That
             he
             had
             transgressed
             all
             the
             bounds
             of
             a
             Subject
             ,
             and
             very
             much
             exceeded
             the
             Crimes
             of
             Northumberland
             his
             Father
             :
             
             That
             he
             had
             bragg'd
             of
             Marrying
             her
             :
             That
             this
             was
             a
             Dishonour
             to
             her
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             would
             bring
             Mischief
             on
             her
             Kingdoms
             ;
             for
             her
             Subjects
             would
             never
             endure
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             an
             unchaste
             and
             wicked
             man.
             And
             they
             advised
             her
             to
             put
             a
             stop
             to
             the
             Jealousies
             of
             her
             People
             ,
             and
             to
             consult
             her
             own
             Honour
             ,
             and
             the
             Safety
             of
             her
             Friends
             .
             They
             represented
             to
             her
             very
             warmly
             ,
             the
             Dignity
             ,
             Power
             ,
             and
             Wealth
             of
             a
             Foreign
             Match
             ;
             and
             recommended
             to
             her
             
               Charles
               Arch-Duke
               of
               Austria
            
             ,
             second
             Son
             of
             Ferdinand
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             Brother
             of
             Maximilian
             II.
             as
             a
             Prince
             worthy
             of
             her
             Affections
             .
          
           These
           Discourses
           of
           these
           Great
           Men
           made
           a
           very
           deep
           Impression
           on
           the
           
           mind
           of
           the
           Queen
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           this
           Noble
           Earl
           was
           sent
           in
           the
           year
           1567
           ,
           to
           carry
           the
           George
           to
           Maximilian
           II.
           Emperor
           of
           Germany
           ;
           and
           had
           Commission
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           treat
           of
           this
           Marriage
           ;
           which
           he
           endeavoured
           to
           effect
           with
           all
           his
           Power
           ,
           though
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           opposed
           it
           .
           The
           Gallantry
           of
           his
           Behaviour
           ,
           and
           the
           Splendor
           of
           his
           Equipage
           and
           Retinue
           ,
           gain'd
           him
           a
           Familiarity
           from
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           
           and
           a
           Reverence
           from
           the
           Arch-Duke
           ,
           a
           Respect
           from
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           his
           Mistress
           a
           kindness
           in
           that
           Court
           ,
           which
           stood
           her
           in
           great
           stead
           against
           the
           Attempts
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           Pope
           of
           Rome
           ;
           which
           perhaps
           was
           all
           that
           was
           designed
           by
           the
           Treaty
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           the
           
             Lord
             North
          
           ,
           who
           went
           with
           him
           ,
           had
           Orders
           under
           hand
           to
           oppose
           all
           his
           Negotiations
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           few
           fond
           Scruples
           disappointed
           and
           at
           last
           defeated
           the
           whole
           Design
           .
           It
           is
           supposed
           by
           some
           ,
           this
           Obstruction
           was
           procured
           by
           Leicester
           ,
           to
           secure
           his
           own
           Greatness
           .
           When
           this
           
           Great
           but
           Ill
           Man
           had
           struggled
           many
           years
           with
           the
           opposite
           Parties
           which
           arose
           one
           after
           another
           against
           him
           in
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           found
           himself
           sinking
           in
           the
           Favour
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           by
           his
           private
           Marrying
           the
           Countess
           of
           Essex
           during
           the
           Life
           of
           his
           first
           Wife
           ;
           fearing
           the
           Divine
           Justice
           ,
           the
           Change
           of
           the
           Times
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Numbers
           of
           men
           he
           had
           exasperated
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           in
           the
           year
           1585
           ,
           obtained
           a
           Commission
           of
           the
           Queen
           for
           Levying
           500
           men
           ,
           to
           be
           sent
           into
           Holland
           and
           Zealand
           ;
           and
           was
           after
           that
           ,
           by
           another
           ,
           constituted
           Lieutenant
           and
           Captain-General
           of
           the
           
           whole
           Army
           designed
           for
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           ,
           against
           the
           Spaniard
           ,
           whither
           he
           went
           the
           same
           year
           ;
           he
           had
           no
           good
           Success
           in
           this
           Expedition
           ;
           and
           the
           next
           year
           the
           Hollanders
           made
           loud
           and
           dreadful
           Complaints
           against
           him
           ,
           for
           mis-spending
           their
           Money
           ,
           and
           ill-managing
           their
           Affairs
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           was
           re-called
           ;
           and
           the
           Complaint
           following
           him
           hither
           ,
           he
           told
           the
           Queen
           ,
           
             That
             she
             having
             sent
          
           
           
             him
             thither
             with
             Honour
             ,
             (
             he
             hoped
             )
             she
             would
             not
             receive
             him
             back
             with
             Disgrace
             ;
             and
             that
             whom
             she
             had
             raised
             from
             the
             Dust
             ,
             she
             would
             not
             bury
             alive
             .
          
           Thereupon
           he
           left
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           the
           4th
           .
           of
           Septemb●…r
           ,
           1588
           he
           died
           at
           Cornbury-Park
           in
           Oxfordshire
           .
           Thus
           died
           this
           Favourite
           ,
           having
           in
           one
           year
           in
           the
           Wars
           lost
           all
           that
           Reputation
           and
           Favour
           he
           had
           acquired
           in
           so
           many
           years
           in
           the
           Court.
           
        
         
           Peregrine
           Lord
           Willoughby
           ,
           a
           Noble
           
           Gentleman
           ,
           a
           good
           Soldier
           ,
           and
           a
           Virtuous
           Man
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Commanders
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           succeeded
           him
           as
           
             General
             of
             the
             English
             Forces
             in
             the
             Netherlands
             :
          
           He
           had
           more
           Experience
           ,
           more
           Courage
           ,
           and
           also
           
           more
           Success
           than
           his
           Predecessor
           ;
           so
           that
           
             he
             was
             stiled
             the
             Queen's
             first
             Sword-man
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             Master
             of
             the
             Military
             Art
             ,
          
           by
           the
           Historians
           of
           those
           times
           :
           He
           did
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           great
           Service
           ,
           by
           his
           brave
           Defence
           of
           
             Bergen
             ap
             Zoom
          
           ,
           against
           the
           Prince
           of
           Parma
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1588
           :
           But
           for
           all
           that
           ,
           he
           had
           some
           of
           the
           Fate
           of
           his
           Predecessor
           ,
           which
           fell
           to
           his
           lot
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           complained
           of
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           as
           well
           ,
           tho
           not
           so
           justly
           as
           Leicester
           ;
           but
           his
           Innocence
           clear'd
           him
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1589
           ,
           he
           was
           sent
           General
           of
           4000
           men
           ,
           in
           aid
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           into
           France
           ;
           and
           he
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1601.
           
        
         
           The
           Queen
           in
           all
           the
           time
           of
           her
           
           Reign
           ,
           took
           care
           to
           Establish
           her
           Government
           by
           the
           Counsel
           ,
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           Fidelity
           of
           many
           Wise
           and
           Learned
           Men
           ,
           who
           spent
           their
           whole
           time
           in
           promoting
           the
           Publick
           Welfare
           and
           Peace
           of
           her
           Kingdoms
           .
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Walsingham
          
           ,
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ,
           was
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           of
           these
           ,
           and
           an
           Ornament
           to
           her
           Court
           and
           Council
           .
           He
           so
           sedulously
           attended
           the
           execution
           of
           the
           Office
           committed
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           
           took
           his
           Measures
           for
           the
           Safety
           of
           her
           Person
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           the
           Security
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           with
           that
           Prudence
           and
           Caution
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           scarce
           possible
           any
           thing
           should
           happen
           ,
           which
           his
           Care
           and
           Industry
           had
           not
           foreseen
           ,
           or
           his
           Spies
           discovered
           to
           him
           before-hand
           .
           His
           Maxim
           was
           ,
           
             Knowledge
             is
             never
             too
             dear
          
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           he
           spent
           his
           whole
           Income
           and
           Time
           in
           her
           Service
           ,
           and
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1590
           ,
           so
           poor
           ,
           that
           the
           Queen
           gave
           his
           Daughter
           her
           Portion
           .
           The
           Queen
           has
           been
           heard
           to
           say
           ,
           
             That
             his
             Diligence
             and
             Sagacity
             exceeded
             her
             Expectation
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Lord
           Burleigh
           was
           made
           Lord
           
           Treasurer
           of
           England
           by
           her
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           the
           Cato
           of
           his
           Time
           ;
           a
           man
           well
           versed
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           Treasury
           ,
           and
           a
           Provident
           and
           Careful
           Manager
           of
           them
           :
           He
           would
           insinuate
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           That
           the
           Treasury
           was
           not
           her
           own
           Money
           ,
           but
           committed
           to
           her
           Care
           for
           the
           Safety
           of
           her
           People
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           not
           to
           be
           spent
           in
           useless
           ways
           ,
           or
           in
           satisfying
           the
           Avarice
           and
           Knavery
           of
           her
           Ministers
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           Benefit
           and
           Welfare
           of
           the
           State
           ;
           
           and
           that
           the
           best
           thing
           which
           could
           possibly
           be
           done
           by
           any
           person
           ,
           was
           to
           do
           that
           which
           tended
           to
           the
           good
           of
           his
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           Mary
           the
           Daughter
           of
           James
           V.
           King
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           was
           a
           young
           Lady
           
           of
           great
           Beauty
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           Arts
           of
           her
           Mother
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           French
           Lady
           ,
           and
           descended
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Lorain
           ,
           she
           was
           perswaded
           to
           
             marry
             Francis
          
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           of
           Henry
           II.
           then
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           obtained
           the
           Title
           of
           King
           of
           Scotland
           in
           her
           Right
           .
           After
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           England
           was
           dead
           ,
           the
           House
           of
           Guise
           in
           France
           perswaded
           this
           Prince
           and
           his
           Lady
           to
           assume
           and
           use
           the
           Royal
           
             Arms
             of
             England
          
           ,
           because
           she
           was
           of
           the
           Royal
           Family
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           it
           was
           Engraven
           on
           all
           their
           Plate
           ,
           and
           put
           upon
           all
           their
           other
           Furniture
           ,
           and
           they
           used
           it
           in
           their
           Seals
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Injury
           and
           Exasperation
           of
           
             Queen
             Elizabeth
          
           :
           She
           suffered
           also
           her self
           to
           be
           stiled
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           which
           highly
           incensed
           the
           English
           Nation
           against
           her
           and
           the
           French
           Court
           ;
           it
           being
           thought
           the
           greatest
           Contempt
           that
           could
           possibly
           be
           offered
           to
           us
           ,
           to
           assume
           that
           Title
           at
           a
           time
           
           when
           France
           was
           engaged
           in
           a
           War
           with
           Spain
           :
           But
           however
           ,
           the
           Civil
           War
           which
           soon
           after
           broke
           out
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           lasted
           many
           years
           ,
           the
           defeating
           their
           Designs
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           the
           Deaths
           of
           Henry
           II.
           and
           Francis
           II.
           and
           all
           other
           the
           Calamities
           that
           followed
           this
           foolish
           Attempt
           ,
           sufficiently
           revenged
           the
           Injury
           offered
           to
           the
           Queen
           and
           the
           English
           Nation
           .
        
         
           Sir
           
             Nicholas
             Throgmorton
          
           was
           an
           Industrious
           ,
           
           Wise
           ,
           and
           an
           Active
           Statesman
           ,
           but
           apt
           to
           be
           heat
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           fiery
           Temper
           :
           He
           was
           at
           that
           time
           the
           English
           Leiger
           Ambassador
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           was
           highly
           exasperated
           to
           see
           this
           Affront
           put
           upon
           his
           Mistress
           ,
           and
           he
           made
           sharp
           and
           loud
           Complaints
           of
           it
           to
           the
           Council
           of
           France
           :
           After
           a
           tedious
           Debate
           ,
           and
           many
           Hearings
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           by
           the
           means
           of
           Montmorancy
           ,
           Constable
           of
           France
           ,
           obtained
           an
           Order
           or
           Promise
           ,
           That
           the
           
             Queen
             of
             the
          
           Scots
           
             should
             no
             more
             use
             the
             Royal
             Arms
             of
          
           England
           ,
           
             nor
             the
             Title
             of
             Queen
             of
          
           England
           or
           Ireland
           ,
           
             during
             the
             Life
             of
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           ,
           
             or
             of
             any
             Children
             born
             of
             her
             .
          
           The
           Envy
           and
           Hatred
           which
           was
           occasioned
           by
           this
           imprudent
           
           Contest
           between
           these
           two
           great
           Ladies
           ,
           who
           were
           equal
           in
           Authority
           and
           Beauty
           ,
           had
           an
           ill
           effect
           upon
           them
           in
           all
           the
           after-parts
           of
           their
           Lives
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ended
           in
           the
           violent
           Death
           of
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           .
        
         
           The
           French
           seemed
           then
           to
           desire
           nothing
           
           more
           than
           a
           pretence
           for
           a
           War
           with
           
             England
             :
             Throgmorton
          
           the
           Ambassador
           was
           made
           the
           subject
           of
           their
           
             Court-Jesters
             and
             Comedians
             Raillery
          
           ;
           one
           of
           his
           Servants
           was
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nations
           ,
           taken
           violently
           and
           unjustly
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           sent
           to
           the
           Gallies
           by
           the
           Brother
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ;
           the
           English
           which
           Traded
           in
           France
           ,
           were
           without
           any
           provocation
           or
           complaint
           made
           of
           them
           to
           their
           own
           Queen
           ,
           most
           unjustly
           Imprison'd
           ,
           and
           otherwise
           exposed
           to
           Contempt
           and
           Blows
           :
           The
           Ambassador
           bore
           all
           things
           with
           an
           invincible
           Resolution
           ,
           and
           resolved
           ,
           whatever
           he
           suffered
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           frighted
           from
           his
           Post
           ,
           but
           to
           watch
           the
           first
           opportunity
           to
           revenge
           the
           Contempt
           was
           offered
           to
           his
           Character
           ,
           and
           their
           violations
           of
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nations
           :
           He
           complained
           openly
           and
           freely
           to
           the
           Council
           of
           France
           ,
           of
           the
           
           Affronts
           offered
           to
           his
           Mistress
           ,
           of
           their
           Violence
           ,
           Injuries
           ,
           and
           Rapins
           committed
           upon
           her
           Subjects
           :
           And
           as
           for
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           he
           considered
           him
           only
           as
           a
           Subject
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           said
           many
           things
           of
           him
           with
           the
           utmost
           Freedom
           and
           Sharpness
           ;
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           answered
           him
           with
           some
           vehemence
           :
           The
           Council
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           laid
           all
           the
           blame
           on
           the
           common
           people
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           offered
           a
           specious
           
           but
           un●…rue
           Excuse
           for
           what
           had
           been
           done
           .
           The
           Ambassador
           thereupon
           calling
           God
           and
           man
           to
           bear
           witness
           
             how
             much
             they
             had
             violated
             the
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             and
             the
             Liberty
             of
             an
             Ambassador
             ,
             which
             was
             Sacred
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             and
             man
             ,
          
           returned
           to
           his
           House
           ;
           and
           from
           thenceforward
           made
           it
           his
           business
           to
           imbroil
           France
           ;
           he
           exasperated
           by
           his
           Arts
           
             Anthony
             King
             of
             Navarre
          
           ,
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           his
           Brother
           ,
           Montmorancy
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Peers
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           till
           he
           made
           all
           France
           the
           Scene
           of
           a
           Civil
           War
           ,
           and
           filled
           it
           with
           inexpressible
           Calamities
           ,
           which
           ended
           in
           the
           utter
           Ruin
           of
           the
           exorbitant
           Power
           and
           Greatness
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Guise
           .
           Tho
           this
           Great
           man
           did
           all
           this
           ;
           yet
           upon
           his
           return
           into
           England
           
           he
           did
           not
           meet
           with
           a
           Recompence
           proportionable
           to
           his
           Integrity
           ,
           Courage
           ,
           and
           Industry
           ;
           because
           the
           Lord
           Burleigh
           was
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           sought
           by
           all
           means
           to
           curb
           and
           conquer
           this
           lively
           ,
           free
           ,
           and
           haughty
           Spirit
           ,
           which
           too
           often
           appeared
           against
           him
           .
        
         
           The
           French
           having
           obtained
           a
           Matrimonial
           
           Right
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           thought
           it
           afforded
           them
           a
           fair
           pretence
           ,
           and
           an
           happy
           introduction
           into
           the
           Island
           ,
           and
           designed
           to
           employ
           these
           Advantages
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           England
           also
           .
           They
           thereupon
           taking
           hold
           of
           the
           Disorders
           their
           own
           Cruelty
           and
           Perfidy
           had
           caused
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           raised
           a
           Potent
           Army
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           
             Count
             de
             Martigues
          
           ,
           and
           
             Monsieur
             La
             Brosse
          
           ,
           two
           Expert
           Commanders
           ,
           and
           sent
           them
           into
           Scotland
           :
           These
           French
           Gentlemen
           did
           all
           that
           was
           possible
           to
           Establish
           the
           Faction
           that
           favoured
           France
           in
           Scotland
           ;
           they
           wasted
           and
           destroyed
           all
           that
           durst
           oppose
           them
           ;
           and
           threatned
           the
           intire
           Destruction
           of
           all
           that
           any
           way
           opposed
           their
           designs
           :
           Their
           Violence
           and
           Cruelty
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           highly
           exasperated
           
           the
           common
           people
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           they
           began
           to
           whisper
           ,
           That
           
             the
             Destruction
             of
             all
             the
          
           Scotch
           
           
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             the
             Extirpation
             of
             their
             Government
             ,
             was
             intended
             :
          
           Thereupon
           the
           Scots
           began
           in
           good
           earnest
           to
           think
           how
           they
           might
           preserve
           themselves
           ,
           and
           defend
           their
           Lands
           and
           Territories
           from
           the
           Incursions
           and
           Depredations
           of
           the
           French.
           The
           French
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           meeting
           with
           Repulses
           ,
           and
           seeing
           the
           whole
           Nation
           arm
           against
           them
           ,
           when
           they
           expected
           the
           most
           profound
           Submission
           ,
           retired
           to
           Leith
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           then
           Fortified
           for
           their
           
           security
           ,
           whither
           the
           Scotch
           Nobility
           sollowed
           them
           ;
           and
           there
           were
           frequent
           but
           small
           Skirmishes
           between
           them
           and
           the
           French
           :
           But
           however
           ,
           still
           the
           storm
           fell
           heaviest
           on
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Scots
           which
           had
           embraced
           the
           Reformation
           ,
           (
           for
           that
           was
           made
           the
           pretence
           for
           sending
           over
           these
           French
           Forces
           )
           ;
           and
           they
           on
           the
           contrary
           saw
           ,
           that
           during
           the
           Marriage
           of
           their
           Queen
           with
           Francis
           II.
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           hopes
           of
           Security
           against
           the
           Pride
           and
           Cruelty
           of
           their
           new
           
           Masters
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           were
           not
           able
           to
           defend
           themselves
           ,
           without
           Assistance
           
           from
           abroad
           .
           Whereupon
           they
           sent
           their
           Agents
           with
           Letters
           to
           
             Queen
             Elizabeth
          
           ,
           laying
           before
           her
           Majesty
           the
           miserable
           Estate
           they
           were
           reduced
           to
           ,
           and
           imploring
           her
           Protection
           and
           Assistance
           for
           the
           prevention
           of
           their
           Ruin.
           The
           Queen
           being
           before
           exasperated
           by
           the
           ill
           usages
           she
           had
           received
           from
           the
           Guifes
           ,
           and
           compassionating
           the
           Dangers
           of
           
             Scotland
             ;
             foreseeing
             also
             at
             the
             same
             time
             the
             great
             and
             almost
             unavoidable
             danger
             which
             was
             approaching
             her
             own
             Kingdom
             ,
             if
             the
          
           French
           
             were
             suffered
             by
             force
             or
             fraud
             to
             subdue
             that
             part
             of
             the
          
           Scots
           
             which
             were
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
          
           ;
           she
           couragiously
           and
           prudently
           resolved
           to
           undertake
           the
           Defence
           and
           Protection
           of
           this
           Nation
           ;
           
           and
           broke
           with
           the
           French
           ,
           whose
           Friendship
           is
           at
           all
           times
           doubtful
           and
           uncertain
           :
           Thereupon
           she
           sent
           Mr.
           
             William
             Winter
          
           ,
           the
           Master
           of
           her
           Naval
           Cannon
           ,
           with
           a
           Fleet
           into
           the
           Fryth
           of
           Edinburgh
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1560
           ;
           which
           took
           the
           Island
           of
           Keth
           from
           the
           French
           ,
           and
           expelled
           their
           Garifo●…
           and
           relieved
           the
           Scots
           that
           were
           then
           in
           Arms.
           She
           made
           also
           the
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           a
           Peer
           of
           good
           Experience
           in
           Warlike
           〈◊〉
           ,
           President
           of
           the
           North.
           At
           
           the
           same
           time
           she
           sent
           the
           Lord
           Grey
           of
           WILTON
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           very
           unsuccessful
           in
           the
           Defence
           of
           GUINES
           ,
           a
           Fortress
           belonging
           to
           Calais
           ,
           in
           her
           Sister's
           Reign
           ,
           with
           an
           Army
           by
           Land
           into
           Scotland
           .
           He
           entred
           Scotland
           with
           
           this
           Army
           ,
           which
           consisted
           in
           Six
           Thousand
           Foot
           ,
           and
           Two
           Thousand
           Horse
           ,
           in
           a
           peaceable
           and
           civil
           manner
           treating
           the
           Countries
           through
           which
           he
           passed
           ,
           as
           a
           Friend
           and
           an
           Ally
           that
           came
           to
           help
           them
           ;
           and
           sat
           down
           before
           Leith
           ,
           a
           Sea-Port
           which
           was
           then
           Garison'd
           by
           the
           
             French.
             Martigues
          
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           young
           and
           a
           fiery
           Gentleman
           ,
           being
           spurr'd
           on
           by
           the
           over-warm
           desires
           of
           Glory
           ,
           would
           needs
           undertake
           with
           Twelve
           Companies
           of
           Foot
           ,
           to
           beat
           the
           English
           Army
           ,
           upon
           their
           first
           approach
           ,
           from
           the
           Hills
           on
           which
           they
           were
           posted
           ,
           tho
           the
           French
           were
           to
           charge
           up
           the
           Hill
           ;
           whereupon
           there
           was
           presently
           a
           sharp
           and
           bloody
           Fight
           for
           that
           Ground
           ;
           the
           French
           for
           a
           great
           while
           sustained
           with
           much
           Bravery
           the
           Charge
           of
           the
           English
           Army
           on
           their
           Front
           ;
           but
           the
           Scotch
           Horse
           Wheeling
           about
           ,
           and
           Charging
           them
           on
           the
           flank
           too
           ,
           they
           were
           at
           last
           beaten
           with
           great
           Loss
           from
           their
           
           ground
           ,
           and
           forced
           into
           the
           Town
           of
           Leith
           ;
           and
           very
           few
           of
           them
           had
           escaped
           ,
           if
           the
           English
           Horse
           had
           done
           their
           part
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Scotch
           did
           theirs
           The
           French
           however
           ,
           were
           not
           quiet
           ,
           tho
           thus
           beaten
           ,
           but
           making
           a
           Sally
           after
           this
           ,
           the
           15th
           .
           of
           April
           ,
           they
           surprized
           the
           Advanced
           Guards
           ,
           and
           cut
           them
           off
           ,
           broke
           into
           the
           Lines
           ,
           and
           Nailed
           up
           Three
           of
           the
           
             English
             Cannons
          
           ,
           and
           took
           
             Maurice
             Berkley
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Commanders
           ,
           Prisoner
           :
           But
           
             Robert
             Crof●…s
          
           ,
           and
           
             Cuthbert
             Vaghan
          
           ,
           two
           other
           English
           Officers
           ,
           fell
           on
           the
           French
           who
           pursued
           their
           point
           too
           far
           ,
           and
           forced
           them
           back
           into
           the
           Town
           .
           In
           this
           Sally
           ,
           Arthur
           the
           Eldest
           Son
           of
           the
           Lord
           Grey
           ,
           who
           then
           commanded
           in
           the
           Trenches
           ,
           was
           wounded
           in
           the
           Shoulder
           by
           a
           Musket-Bullet
           ,
           whilst
           he
           valiantly
           opposed
           the
           French.
           This
           Sally
           exasperated
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           they
           observingthat
           their
           Batteries
           had
           not
           any
           considerable
           effect
           on
           the
           Walls
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           distance
           ,
           they
           came
           nearer
           to
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           erected
           new
           Batteries
           .
           There
           was
           nothing
           wanting
           in
           the
           Town
           which
           was
           needful
           to
           enable
           the
           Garison
           to
           make
           a
           stout
           Defence
           ;
           the
           Walls
           and
           Bastions
           were
           full
           of
           men
           
           excellently
           Armed
           ,
           and
           they
           played
           furiously
           on
           the
           English
           ,
           wounding
           some
           ,
           and
           killing
           others
           ,
           and
           both
           by
           day
           and
           by
           night
           making
           furious
           Sallies
           besides
           ;
           which
           the
           English
           bore
           with
           so
           much
           Patience
           and
           Bravery
           ,
           that
           they
           sur●…ounted
           all
           these
           difficulties
           .
           The
           last
           day
           of
           April
           a
           Fire
           happened
           in
           the
           Town
           ,
           which
           b●…rned
           all
           that
           night
           ;
           and
           the
           English
           by
           turning
           their
           Cannon
           upon
           those
           parts
           that
           were
           burning
           ,
           terrified
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           spread
           the
           Fire
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           night
           they
           passed
           the
           Dike
           ,
           and
           measured
           the
           heighth
           of
           the
           Walls
           :
           The
           French
           within
           the
           Town
           ,
           were
           no
           less
           industrious
           than
           the
           English
           were
           without
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           they
           had
           the
           good
           fortune
           to
           put
           out
           the
           Fire
           ,
           and
           to
           prevent
           the
           English
           from
           turning
           the
           Terror
           of
           it
           to
           the
           best
           advantage
           :
           After
           this
           the
           English
           burnt
           the
           Water-Mills
           upon
           the
           River
           Leith
           ,
           which
           here
           falls
           into
           the
           Fryth
           of
           Edinburgh
           ,
           and
           gives
           name
           to
           the
           Town
           ;
           and
           what
           they
           could
           not
           burn
           ,
           they
           demolished
           :
           The
           5th
           .
           of
           May
           the
           English
           storm'd
           the
           Town
           ,
           with
           the
           Assistance
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           one
           Vincer
           ;
           the
           French
           ,
           tho
           much
           terrified
           with
           the
           bold
           approaches
           of
           the
           
           English
           ,
           yet
           manfully
           defended
           the
           Walls
           ;
           and
           the
           Ladders
           proving
           too
           short
           ,
           and
           the
           Waters
           being
           restrained
           by
           the
           Garison
           ,
           were
           also
           found
           deeper
           than
           was
           expected
           ,
           to
           their
           great
           damage
           ;
           so
           that
           160
           of
           the
           English
           were
           slain
           ,
           and
           nothing
           gained
           .
           The
           whole
           blame
           of
           this
           Misfortune
           was
           cast
           upon
           Crofts
           ,
           who
           stood
           stone
           still
           in
           the
           plac●…
           he
           was
           appointed
           to
           act
           in
           ,
           and
           neither
           diverted
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           or
           sent
           any
           Assistance
           to
           them
           that
           were
           engaged
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           he
           was
           accused
           to
           the
           Queen
           by
           the
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           and
           th●…
           Lord
           Grey
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           afterwards
           being
           called
           be●…ore
           the
           Council
           ,
           was
           deprived
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           Berwick
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           took
           care
           to
           revive
           the
           droopi●…g
           Spirits
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           by
           a
           fresh
           Supply
           of
           2000
           men
           ,
           which
           he
           soon
           after
           sen●…
           to
           reinforce
           the
           Camp
           ,
           and
           to
           curb
           the
           Insolence
           of
           the
           French
           ,
           which
           rose
           higher
           upon
           this
           Misfortune
           of
           the
           Besiegers
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           made
           more
           frequent
           Sallies
           ,
           after
           i●…
           than
           they
           had
           done
           before
           .
           At
           the
           same
           ti●…e
           the
           Duke
           sent
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           
             Lord
             Grey
          
           ,
           to
           co●…fort
           the
           Army
           for
           the
           late
           〈◊〉
           ,
           and
           to
           assure
           him
           ,
           that
           within
           a
           short
           
           time
           he
           would
           follow
           with
           all
           the
           Forces
           he
           had
           under
           his
           Command
           .
           This
           Recruit
           blew
           off
           the
           Memory
           of
           their
           Loss
           ,
           and
           kindled
           in
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Besiegers
           a
           strong
           desire
           to
           revenge
           the
           Baffle
           they
           had
           received
           ,
           and
           recover
           their
           former
           Reputation
           :
           By
           this
           time
           the
           Besieged
           had
           tried
           all
           the
           ways
           their
           prudence
           could
           suggest
           ,
           to
           raise
           the
           Siege
           without
           any
           success
           ,
           and
           were
           now
           as
           much
           oppressed
           by
           Famine
           within
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Enemy
           without
           ;
           and
           having
           no
           hopes
           of
           any
           Relief
           ,
           they
           at
           last
           began
           ,
           with
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           French
           King
           ,
           to
           Capitulate
           with
           the
           Queen
           ,
           (
           for
           he
           scorned
           to
           Treat
           with
           the
           Scots
           who
           were
           his
           Subjects
           )
           ;
           who
           to
           that
           end
           sent
           Sir
           
             William
             Cecil
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             Nicholas
             Throgmorton
          
           ,
           to
           Edinburgh
           .
           The
           
             Lord
             James
          
           ,
           a
           Scotch
           Peer
           ,
           proposed
           some
           things
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           Scots
           in
           this
           Treaty
           ,
           which
           Sir
           
             William
             Cecil
          
           told
           him
           ,
           
             did
             not
             become
             Subjects
             to
             ask
             ,
             or
             Princes
             to
             grant
             :
          
           And
           the
           French
           on
           the
           other
           side
           offered
           the
           Queen
           ,
           that
           if
           she
           would
           withdraw
           her
           Forces
           out
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           he
           would
           restore
           Calais
           to
           the
           English
           ;
           to
           which
           she
           generously
           replied
           ,
           
             She
             did
             not
             value
             that
             Fisher-Town
             so
             much
             ,
             as
             to
             hazard
             for
             it
             the
             State
             of
          
           
           Britain
           ;
           so
           even
           did
           she
           hold
           the
           Balance
           between
           that
           King
           and
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           suffering
           neither
           of
           them
           to
           wrong
           the
           other
           :
           At
           last
           it
           was
           agreed
           ,
           That
           the
           French
           should
           within
           Twenty
           days
           depart
           out
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           the
           Fortifications
           of
           Leith
           and
           Dunbar
           should
           be
           
           slighted
           :
           The
           16th
           .
           of
           July
           the
           French
           accordingly
           embarked
           on
           the
           English
           Fleet
           for
           France
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           day
           the
           Lord
           Grey
           began
           his
           March
           with
           the
           English
           Army
           for
           England
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           rewarded
           for
           this
           Service
           with
           the
           Government
           of
           Berwick
           ,
           which
           he
           did
           not
           long
           enjoy
           ,
           for
           he
           died
           the
           14th
           of
           December
           ,
           1562.
           
           This
           War
           ,
           saith
           Mr.
           Cambden
           ,
           preserved
           all
           Britain
           from
           Ruin
           ,
           restored
           the
           Scots
           to
           their
           Ancient
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           setled
           the
           Peace
           ,
           and
           enlarged
           the
           Reputation
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ;
           so
           that
           from
           thenceforward
           during
           all
           her
           happy
           Reign
           ,
           she
           had
           no
           reason
           to
           apprehend
           any
           danger
           from
           Scotland
           ,
           the
           Protestants
           of
           that
           Nation
           esteeming
           the
           Queen
           their
           Patroness
           and
           Deliverer
           ;
           and
           the
           English
           acknowledging
           she
           had
           laid
           a
           sure
           foundation
           for
           their
           future
           Security
           ,
           Thus
           she
           delivered
           Scotland
           from
           those
           Foreigners
           who
           designed
           by
           Violence
           and
           
           Force
           to
           suppress
           not
           only
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           but
           their
           Civil
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           also
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           upon
           that
           Free
           Nation
           an
           intolerable
           French
           Slavery
           .
           Of
           this
           the
           Scots
           were
           then
           so
           extremely
           sensible
           ,
           (
           saith
           my
           Author
           ,
           who
           was
           of
           that
           Nation
           )
           
             That
             they
             being
             delivered
             by
             her
             means
             from
             Foreign
             Servitnde
             ,
             they
             thereupon
             subscribed
             to
             a
             League
             to
             maintain
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             and
             to
             use
             the
          
           English
           
             Worship
             and
             Rites
          
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           a
           Civil
           War
           arose
           in
           
           France
           ,
           and
           the
           Queen
           sent
           Supplies
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Warwick
           ,
           in
           1562.
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Rohan
          
           and
           Coligny
           ,
           the
           Defenders
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Liberties
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           To
           these
           Forces
           ,
           when
           the
           Protestants
           themselves
           opposed
           th●…m
           ,
           she
           sent
           afterwards
           Additional
           Forces
           and
           great
           Sums
           of
           Money
           :
           At
           this
           time
           the
           French
           Protestants
           put
           
             Havre
             de
             Grace
          
           into
           her
           hands
           as
           a
           Cautionary
           Town
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           Garison'd
           with
           English
           Soldiers
           ;
           but
           so
           soon
           as
           their
           Fear
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           was
           a
           little
           abated
           by
           a
           Peace
           granted
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           yet
           wa●…
           
           of
           no
           duration
           ,
           they
           joined
           with
           their
           Popish
           Countreymen
           to
           drive
           out
           their
           Benefactors
           ,
           and
           with
           equal
           Violence
           endeavoured
           to
           reduce
           the
           Town
           under
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           again
           :
           The
           Earl
           of
           Warwick
           seeing
           his
           men
           consumed
           by
           a
           War
           without
           ,
           and
           a
           Pla●…ue
           within
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           no
           Relief
           to
           be
           expected
           in
           due
           time
           ,
           he
           thereupon
           began
           a
           Treaty
           with
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           the
           28th
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           1563.
           the
           Articles
           of
           Surrender
           were
           signed
           ;
           the
           next
           day
           there
           came
           a
           Fleet
           of
           60
           Sail
           of
           English
           Ships
           into
           the
           Haven
           ,
           on
           which
           the
           Garison
           was
           Transported
           into
           England
           :
           And
           the
           Protestants
           of
           France
           had
           the
           chief
           hand
           in
           the
           driving
           them
           out
           ,
           as
           all
           sides
           acknowledge
           .
        
         
           The
           Death
           of
           Francis
           II.
           King
           of
           
           France
           ,
           the
           5th
           .
           of
           December
           ,
           1560.
           when
           he
           had
           Reigned
           but
           Seventeen
           Months
           ,
           put
           an
           end
           to
           all
           the
           French
           Ambitious
           Designs
           of
           Conquering
           England
           ,
           and
           Reducing
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Fears
           of
           both
           these
           Kingdoms
           on
           that
           score
           .
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           Scotland
           being
           thus
           deprived
           of
           her
           Beloved
           Husband
           ,
           soon
           grew
           weary
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           getting
           a
           small
           Number
           
           of
           Ships
           together
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           she
           went
           on
           board
           at
           Calais
           ,
           the
           14th
           of
           August
           ,
           and
           she
           landed
           at
           Leith
           the
           20th
           .
           of
           the
           same
           month
           in
           the
           year
           1561
           ,
           being
           attended
           by
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           some
           great
           Ladies
           of
           both
           the
           French
           and
           Scots
           Nation
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           having
           opposed
           this
           Princess's
           designs
           of
           Marrying
           
             Charles
             Archduke
             of
             Austria
          
           ,
           and
           rather
           recommending
           to
           her
           choice
           the
           Lord
           
             James
             Darnley
          
           ,
           Eldest
           Son
           to
           the
           Earl
           of
           Lenox
           ,
           and
           the
           next
           Heir
           after
           her
           of
           the
           Crowns
           of
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ;
           so
           that
           this
           Match
           would
           undoubtedly
           
           secure
           her
           Title
           to
           England
           too
           ,
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ;
           whereupon
           she
           married
           him
           at
           Edinburgh
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1565
           ;
           and
           the
           next
           year
           after
           ,
           James
           their
           only
           Son
           
           was
           born
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Joy
           of
           both
           the
           Nations
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           then
           thought
           one
           of
           the
           Pillars
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           the
           Ornament
           of
           his
           Native
           Countrey
           and
           Family
           ;
           and
           all
           men
           presaged
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           one
           day
           become
           the
           King
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           as
           it
           came
           afterwards
           to
           pass
           ,
           by
           the
           wonderful
           good
           Providence
           of
           God.
           
        
         
         
           This
           Marriage
           was
           attended
           with
           
           a
           Catastrophe
           and
           Tragick
           Event
           ,
           which
           is
           grievous
           to
           the
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           scarce
           possible
           to
           be
           enough
           lamented
           ;
           
             Mary
             Stewart
             ,
             the
             Relict
             of
          
           Francis
           II.
           
             King
             of
          
           France
           ,
           
             and
             the
             Immediate
             Heiress
             ,
             and
             Lawful
             Queen
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             the
             Presumptive
             Heir
             of
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
          
           England
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           
             the
             Mother
             of
             James
          
           VI.
           soon
           after
           became
           a
           Lamentable
           Example
           of
           the
           Unsteadiness
           of
           Human
           Affairs
           .
           The
           Lord
           Darnley
           her
           Husband
           ,
           having
           out
           of
           Jealousie
           ordered
           the
           Murther
           of
           one
           
             David
             Rixio
          
           ,
           the
           Queen's
           Secretary
           ,
           was
           afterwards
           himself
           Poisoned
           first
           ,
           and
           then
           Murdered
           at
           Edinburgh
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1567
           :
           The
           effect
           of
           which
           was
           ,
           the
           Deposing
           the
           Queen
           her self
           ,
           (
           who
           was
           suspected
           to
           have
           an
           hand
           in
           it
           )
           ,
           and
           the
           Imprisoning
           her
           in
           a
           Castle
           in
           the
           Lake
           of
           Locklevin
           ,
           where
           she
           was
           forced
           to
           subscribe
           a
           
             Resignation
             of
             the
             Crown
             and
             Government
             of
          
           Scotland
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1568.
           
           The
           Queen
           by
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           escaped
           afterwards
           out
           of
           this
           Restraint
           the
           2d
           .
           of
           May
           ,
           and
           raised
           some
           Forces
           to
           recover
           her
           Crown
           again
           ,
           which
           were
           intirely
           routed
           and
           dispersed
           by
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           
           Regent
           of
           Scotland
           :
           So
           that
           having
           nothing
           more
           to
           trust
           to
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           she
           took
           shipping
           with
           intention
           to
           pass
           into
           France
           ;
           but
           being
           by
           stress
           of
           Weather
           ,
           or
           the
           Treachery
           of
           those
           that
           carried
           her
           ,
           brought
           into
           England
           ,
           she
           was
           landed
           at
           Warkinton
           in
           Cumberland
           the
           17th
           .
           of
           the
           same
           Month
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           committed
           Prisoner
           to
           the
           Castle
           of
           Carlisle
           ;
           so
           that
           being
           driven
           
           from
           her
           Native
           Countrey
           by
           her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           she
           found
           an
           uneasie
           and
           cruel
           Restraint
           ,
           where
           she
           expected
           a
           Refuge
           and
           a
           Sanctuary
           :
           The
           Laws
           of
           Hospitality
           ,
           and
           that
           Kindness
           which
           Nature
           teacheth
           all
           men
           to
           use
           towards
           those
           that
           are
           of
           the
           same
           Lineage
           and
           Blood
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           to
           protect
           her
           against
           the
           Jealousie
           of
           a
           Rival
           Queen
           .
           When
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           saw
           her self
           reduced
           to
           this
           Calamitous
           Condition
           ,
           forsaken
           of
           all
           her
           Subjects
           and
           Servants
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           flee
           in
           one
           day
           about
           Sixty
           Miles
           ,
           and
           then
           not
           thinking
           her self
           secure
           till
           passing
           to
           Sea
           ,
           she
           was
           thrown
           upon
           the
           English
           shore
           ;
           She
           wrote
           a
           Letter
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           before
           she
           left
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           sent
           it
           by
           one
           Beton
           ,
           and
           she
           gave
           him
           a
           Diamond
           which
           the
           Queen
           had
           sent
           
           her
           before
           this
           as
           a
           Pledge
           of
           her
           Friendship
           ;
           she
           also
           ordered
           him
           to
           tell
           the
           Queen
           ,
           That
           she
           intended
           to
           leave
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           to
           come
           into
           England
           ;
           and
           did
           most
           earnestly
           beseech
           her
           to
           send
           her
           such
           Help
           and
           Assistance
           as
           was
           necessary
           ,
           in
           case
           the
           Scots
           should
           persist
           in
           the
           same
           Methods
           of
           Oppression
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           assured
           this
           Gentleman
           ,
           That
           she
           would
           shew
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           all
           that
           Affection
           that
           she
           could
           possibly
           expect
           from
           a
           Sister
           .
           Before
           this
           Gentleman
           could
           get
           back
           again
           ,
           she
           left
           Scotland
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Advice
           of
           all
           her
           Friends
           ,
           and
           came
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           as
           soon
           as
           she
           was
           on
           shore
           she
           sent
           the
           Queen
           a
           Second
           Letter
           in
           French
           ,
           in
           the
           Conclusion
           of
           which
           she
           tells
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           That
           she
           
             was
             come
             into
             her
             Kingdom
             with
          
           
           
             an
             intire
             Reliance
             upon
             her
             Majesties
             most
             unquestionable
             good
             affections
             towards
             her
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             her
             Majesty
             would
             assist
             her
             ,
             and
             that
             by
             her
             Example
             and
             Encouragement
             others
             would
             be
             won
             over
             to
             her
             .
             I
             do
             most
             earnestly
             therefore
          
           (
           said
           she
           )
           
             beseech
             you
             ,
             That
             I
             may
             presently
             be
             admitted
             to
             come
             to
             you
             ,
             because
             I
             am
             now
             in
             great
             Distress
             ,
             as
             I
             will
             more
             at
             large
             inform
             you
             ,
             when
             you
             shall
             please
             so
             far
             to
          
           
           
             have
             Compassion
             on
             me
             .
             God
             grant
             your
             Majesty
             a
             long
             and
             an
             happy
             Life
             ,
             and
             me
             that
             Patience
             and
             Consolation
             which
             I
             ●…ope
             to
             obtain
             from
             him
             by
             your
             seasonable
             Assistance
             .
          
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           sent
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Knolles
          
           and
           some
           others
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           to
           comfort
           her
           ,
           and
           promised
           her
           all
           that
           Protection
           and
           Assistance
           which
           the
           Equity
           of
           her
           Cause
           would
           allow
           ,
           but
           she
           would
           not
           suffer
           her
           to
           come
           to
           her
           .
           And
           she
           ordered
           her
           to
           be
           removed
           to
           Carlisle
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           place
           of
           great●…r
           Safety
           to
           her
           ,
           than
           that
           she
           was
           at
           present
           in
           ,
           where
           the
           Scots
           might
           perhaps
           surprize
           her
           :
           Upon
           this
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           wrote
           a
           Third
           Letter
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           sent
           it
           by
           the
           Lord
           Herris
           ,
           desiring
           that
           she
           might
           be
           suffered
           to
           come
           before
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           to
           
             propose
             the
             Injuries
          
           
           
             which
             had
             been
             done
             to
             her
             by
             her
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             to
             answer
             the
             accusations
             they
             did
             pretend
             to
             bring
             against
             her
             .
             That
             it
             was
             most
             equitable
             and
             just
             ,
             that
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           
             should
             admit
             her
             who
             was
             her
             Nearest
             Kinswoman
             ,
             and
             was
             now
             an
             Exile
             ,
             into
             her
             presence
             ,
             and
             hear
             what
             she
             had
             to
             say
             for
             her self
             ,
             and
             restore
             her
             to
             her
             Kingdom
             ,
             which
             she
             had
             most
             unjustly
             been
             deprived
             of
             ,
             by
             those
             who
             had
             been
             most
             justly
          
           
           
             banished
             for
             their
             Treasons
             against
             her
             ,
             and
             w●…re
             Pardoned
             and
             Restored
             upon
             your
             Majesty's
             Intercession
             with
             me
             ,
             to
             my
             own
             R●…
             ,
             as
             now
             it
             plainly
             appeareth
             ,
          
           (
           said
           she
           )
           
             if
             your
             Majesty
             d
             th
             not
             prevent
             it
             .
             Wherefore
             I
             once
             more
             Conjure
             your
             Majesty
             either
             to
             Admit
             me
             into
             your
             Presence
             ,
             and
             to
             Assist
             me
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             to
             suffer
             me
             forthwith
             to
             go
             out
             of
          
           England
           
             to
             seek
             help
             elsewhere
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             would
             not
             detain
             me
             as
             a
             Captive
             and
             a
             Prisoner
             any
             longer
             in
             the
             Castle
             of
          
           Carlisle
           ,
           
             because
             I
             came
             freely
             into
          
           England
           ,
           
             trusting
             in
             your
             many
             kind
             Letters
             ,
             Messages
             ,
             and
             the
             Pledges
             of
             an
             Honourable
             Reception
             .
          
           This
           Letter
           wrought
           very
           much
           upon
           the
           heart
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           she
           could
           not
           but
           pity
           the
           desolate
           and
           deplorable
           Estate
           of
           so
           near
           a
           Relation
           ,
           who
           being
           by
           Force
           of
           Arms
           taken
           by
           her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           had
           been
           thrust
           from
           a
           Throne
           into
           a
           Prison
           ,
           brought
           into
           the
           utmost
           danger
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           Condemned
           without
           being
           heard
           ,
           and
           was
           deprived
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           had
           now
           fled
           to
           her
           out
           of
           a
           Confidence
           of
           her
           Assistance
           ,
           and
           was
           now
           at
           last
           willing
           and
           desirous
           that
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           should
           be
           her
           Judge
           ,
           and
           when
           she
           had
           heard
           both
           her
           and
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           pronounce
           
           what
           Sentence
           she
           thought
           fit
           and
           just
           .
        
         
           Princes
           are
           certainly
           the
           most
           unhappy
           
           part
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           frequently
           reduced
           to
           those
           straits
           ,
           that
           they
           can
           scarce
           tell
           which
           way
           to
           turn
           them
           ;
           Sin
           or
           Misery
           ,
           Ruin
           or
           Dishonour
           ,
           surround
           and
           encompass
           them
           ,
           so
           that
           there
           is
           no
           possibility
           of
           avoiding
           both
           at
           once
           .
           Had
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           dismissed
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           she
           would
           without
           doubt
           have
           found
           enough
           who
           would
           have
           entertained
           her
           as
           an
           Instrument
           and
           Pretence
           to
           ruin
           both
           England
           and
           Scotland
           too
           .
           If
           she
           
           detained
           her
           in
           England
           ,
           it
           was
           feared
           that
           her
           Wheedling
           Humour
           ,
           Youth
           ,
           and
           Beauty
           ,
           and
           her
           stout
           Attachment
           to
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           ,
           would
           draw
           in
           many
           of
           the
           English
           to
           take
           her
           part
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           she
           was
           considered
           as
           the
           nex●…
           Heir
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           after
           the
           Queen
           then
           Reigning
           ;
           and
           this
           would
           very
           much
           endanger
           the
           Peace
           of
           England
           :
           Foreign
           Ambassadors
           would
           have
           Orders
           from
           their
           Masters
           ,
           (
           when
           her
           Case
           was
           once
           known
           )
           to
           espouse
           her
           Interest
           ,
           and
           promote
           her
           Affairs
           ;
           and
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Scots
           would
           certainly
           endeavour
           
           to
           restore
           her
           ,
           and
           suppress
           the
           Opposite
           Party
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           so
           fair
           a
           Prospect
           of
           making
           their
           own
           Fortunes
           into
           the
           bargain
           .
           The
           Faith
           of
           those
           that
           were
           trusted
           with
           the
           keeping
           this
           Precious
           Depositum
           ,
           was
           not
           to
           be
           relied
           on
           ,
           and
           if-she
           should
           happen
           to
           dye
           by
           a
           Natural
           Death
           ,
           the
           Queen
           must
           expect
           to
           be
           defamed
           and
           slandered
           as
           the
           Murtherer
           of
           her
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Queen
           saw
           that
           every
           day
           new
           and
           unforeseen
           Difficulties
           grew
           upon
           her
           .
           If
           she
           were
           suffered
           to
           go
           into
           France
           ,
           it
           was
           feared
           the
           House
           of
           Guise
           which
           was
           related
           to
           her
           by
           her
           Mother
           ,
           might
           renew
           their
           old
           Pretences
           in
           her
           Right
           to
           England
           ,
           and
           again
           set
           on
           foot
           her
           former
           Claim
           of
           this
           Throne
           ,
           and
           might
           win
           many
           over
           to
           assist
           her
           ,
           either
           on
           the
           score
           of
           her
           Religion
           ,
           or
           the
           Probability
           of
           her
           Right
           ,
           or
           lastly
           ,
           merely
           out
           of
           a
           mad
           desire
           of
           changing
           the
           present
           Government
           ,
           which
           is
           never
           so
           easie
           or
           sweet
           as
           to
           please
           all
           .
           That
           the
           parting
           with
           her
           would
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           League
           and
           Friendship
           between
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           which
           was
           then
           considered
           as
           a
           thing
           of
           the
           greatest
           use
           that
           could
           possibly
           be
           conceived
           to
           England
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           to
           be
           feared
           if
           by
           her
           means
           
           the
           Popish
           part
           of
           Scotland
           prevailed
           against
           the
           Protestant
           ,
           the
           League
           with
           France
           would
           be
           renewed
           ;
           and
           this
           would
           be
           so
           much
           the
           more
           mischievous
           to
           England
           now
           ,
           because
           heretofore
           we
           had
           the
           Friendship
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           to
           balance
           that
           of
           Scotland
           ;
           but
           the
           Estates
           of
           that
           Family
           being
           all
           at
           this
           time
           united
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           Philip
           II.
           King
           of
           
             Spain
             ,
             England
          
           had
           not
           one
           Ally
           near
           it
           which
           could
           be
           relied
           on
           ,
           but
           the
           Scots
           :
           If
           she
           were
           resetled
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           it
           was
           to
           be
           feared
           that
           those
           of
           the
           English
           Faction
           would
           be
           ruined
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           the
           French
           would
           be
           alone
           intrusted
           with
           all
           the
           Power
           :
           The
           young
           Prince
           would
           be
           exposed
           to
           Dangers
           ;
           the
           Religion
           which
           was
           now
           well
           Established
           there
           ,
           would
           be
           changed
           ;
           the
           French
           and
           other
           Foreigners
           would
           be
           invited
           thither
           and
           entertained
           ;
           and
           Ireland
           would
           be
           more
           infested
           by
           the
           Highland-Scots
           ,
           than
           heretofore
           ,
           and
           Queen
           Mary
           her self
           would
           be
           in
           danger
           of
           losing
           her
           Life
           amongst
           her
           own
           Subjects
           .
           Hereupon
           the
           far
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Council
           of
           England
           were
           
           of
           an
           Opinion
           ,
           That
           
             she
             ought
             to
             be
             detained
             here
             as
             a
             Prisoner
             of
             War
             ,
             till
             she
             had
             given
             sufficient
             satisfaction
             for
             her
             assuming
          
           
           
             the
             Title
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
          
           England
           ;
           
             and
             answered
             for
             the
             Death
             of
             the
             Lord
          
           Darnly
           ,
           
             who
             was
             a
             Subject
             of
          
           England
           .
           For
           this
           ,
           the
           Countess
           of
           Lenox
           had
           furnished
           them
           with
           a
           Pretence
           ,
           by
           her
           coming
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           with
           Tears
           in
           her
           eyes
           demanding
           Justice
           in
           her
           own
           and
           her
           Husbands
           name
           ;
           and
           had
           also
           besought
           the
           Queen
           ,
           That
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           might
           be
           Arraigned
           for
           the
           Death
           of
           her
           Son.
           To
           whom
           the
           Queen
           had
           calmly
           and
           wisely
           answered
           ,
           That
           
             the
             Countess
             ought
             not
             to
             bring
             so
             grievous
             an
             Accusation
             ,
             or
             charge
             so
             black
             a
             Crime
             as
             this
             was
             ,
             upon
             a
             Princess
             so
             nearly
             related
             to
             the
             Crown
             ;
             which
             yet
             could
             not
             be
             proved
             by
             certain
             Evidence
             .
             That
             the
             times
             were
             unjust
             and
             wicked
             ,
             and
             Malice
             was
             blinded
             with
             Prejudice
             ,
             and
             made
             no
             scruple
             to
             charge
             the
             most
             Innocent
             with
             horrid
             Crimes
             :
             ●…hat
             ,
             however
             ,
             there
             was
             an
             All-seeing
             Justice
             .
             which
             attended
             at
             the
             Throne
             of
             God
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             best
             Avenger
             of
             all
             secret
             Villanies
             .
          
        
         
           It
           will
           appear
           by
           all
           this
           what
           Difficulties
           
           there
           were
           on
           all
           hands
           in
           this
           great
           Affair
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Queen
           was
           not
           acted
           only
           by
           a
           spirit
           of
           Jealousie
           
           and
           Revenge
           for
           what
           was
           past
           ,
           or
           out
           of
           a
           Personal
           and
           Selfish
           Humour
           oppressed
           this
           Banished
           Queen
           ,
           without
           considering
           all
           things
           with
           great
           application
           of
           mind
           .
           The
           Lord
           Herris
           ,
           who
           attended
           the
           Court
           for
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           was
           not
           idle
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           but
           earnestly
           sollicited
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
             ,
             That
             she
             would
             not
             rashly
             believe
             any
             Accusation
             which
             should
             be
             brought
             against
             a
             Sovereign
             Queen
             ,
             till
             she
             had
             been
             heard
             :
             and
             that
             the
             Meeting
             of
             the
             States
             of
          
           Scotland
           
             should
             not
             be
             precipitated
             by
             the
          
           Earl
           of
           Murray
           ,
           the
           Prime
           Regent
           ,
           
             to
             the
             Prejudice
             of
             the
             Deposed
             Queen
             ,
             and
             the
             Ruin
             of
             all
             her
             Loyal
             and
             Good
             Subjects
             .
          
           The
           Queen
           of
           England
           accordingly
           did
           interpose
           her
           Authority
           with
           Murray
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           lattter
           of
           these
           ;
           but
           the
           Regent
           went
           on
           for
           all
           that
           ,
           Assembled
           the
           States
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           attainted
           several
           of
           those
           that
           had
           taken
           Arms
           for
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           seized
           their
           Estates
           and
           Houses
           :
           The
           
             Queen
             of
             England
          
           being
           highly
           incensed
           upon
           this
           ,
           sent
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Mildmay
          
           to
           the
           Regent
           ,
           to
           
           tell
           him
           from
           her
           ,
           
             That
             she
             could
             not
             sit
             still
             and
             see
             the
             Sacred
             Power
             of
             Princes
             be
             brought
             into
             Contempt
             amongst
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             be
             trodden
             
             under
             foot
             at
             the
             Will
             and
             Pleasure
             of
             Factious
             men
             .
             That
             altho
             they
             had
             forgot
             all
             that
             Duty
             and
             Respect
             which
             they
             owed
             to
             their
             Queen
             ;
             yet
             she
             for
             her
             part
             could
             not
             forger
             the
             Affection
             and
             Compassion
             her
             Piety
             obliged
             her
             to
             shew
             to
             a
             Sister
             and
             a
             Neighbour
             Queen
             :
             That
             therefore
             Murray
             should
             either
             come
             to
             her
             himself
             ,
             or
             send
             some
             able
             men
             who
             might
             answer
             the
             Complaints
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             against
             the
             Regent
             and
             his
             Partakers
             ;
             and
             shew
             the
             Causes
             for
             which
             they
             had
             Abdicated
             (
             Deposed
             )
             the
             Queen
             ;
             which
             if
             they
             did
             not
             forthwith
             do
             ,
             she
             would
             dismiss
             the
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             ,
             and
             lend
             her
             all
             her
             Forces
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             the
             resettling
             her
             in
             her
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             at
             the
             same
             time
             she
             admonished
             them
             not
             to
             sell
             the
             Queen's
             Jewels
             and
             Wardrobe
             ,
             tho
             the
             States
             had
             given
             him
             leave
             to
             do
             it
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Earl
           of
           Murray
           accordingly
           ,
           
           and
           some
           other
           of
           the
           Nobility
           came
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           case
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           was
           heard
           at
           York
           by
           several
           of
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           English
           Council
           ,
           but
           could
           be
           brought
           to
           no
           Issue
           by
           reason
           
           of
           the
           cross
           Interests
           ,
           and
           the
           mutual
           Fears
           on
           all
           sides
           :
           Tho
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           to
           the
           last
           declared
           ,
           That
           
             she
             detested
             the
             Insolence
             of
             the
          
           Scots
           
             in
             her
             soul
             ,
             who
             had
             presumed
             to
             Abdicate
             their
             Queen
             .
          
           But
           then
           ,
           when
           the
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           thought
           it
           reasonable
           that
           Murray
           should
           be
           stayed
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           be
           prosecuted
           for
           the
           Death
           of
           the
           Lord
           Darnley
           ,
           which
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           said
           she
           would
           prove
           against
           him
           ;
           
             tho
             this
             was
             approved
             by
             the
             Earls
             of
             
               Arundel
               ,
               Sussex
               ,
               Leicester
            
             ,
             and
             Clinton
             ,
             afterwards
             Earl
             of
             Linco●…n
             ,
             yet
             the
             Queen
             was
             very
             angry
             at
             the
             Motion
             ,
             and
             openly
             said
             ,
             
               The
               Queen
               of
            
             Scots
             
               would
               never
               want
               an
               Advocate
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Duke
               of
            
             Norfolk
             lived
             .
          
           So
           that
           upon
           the
           whole
           ,
           it
           is
           strongly
           probable
           
           she
           durst
           not
           dismiss
           or
           restore
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           for
           fear
           it
           should
           involve
           both
           England
           and
           Scotland
           in
           Wars
           and
           Calamities
           which
           would
           have
           very
           much
           endangered
           the
           utter
           Ruin
           of
           both
           the
           Nations
           ;
           but
           then
           she
           was
           desirous
           as
           much
           as
           was
           possible
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           Example
           from
           spreading
           ,
           to
           the
           Damage
           of
           other
           Princes
           ,
           and
           the
           Endangering
           other
           States
           in
           other
           Circumstances
           ,
           as
           much
           as
           it
           tended
           now
           to
           
           their
           Preservation
           .
           Many
           have
           endeavoured
           to
           blacken
           this
           Act
           of
           the
           Queen's
           ,
           and
           others
           to
           defend
           and
           excuse
           it
           ;
           but
           for
           my
           part
           ,
           I
           think
           the
           Character
           God
           gave
           of
           King
           David
           ,
           may
           be
           applied
           to
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           here
           ;
           
             David
             did
             that
             which
             was
             right
             in
             the
             eyes
             of
             the
             Lord
             ,
             and
             turned
             not
             aside
             from
             any
             thing
             that
             he
             commanded
             him
             ,
             all
             the
             days
             of
             his
             life
             ;
             save
             only
             in
             the
             matter
             of
             Uriah
             the
             Hittite
             .
          
           And
           what
           if
           upon
           the
           whole
           ,
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           is
           to
           be
           excepted
           only
           in
           our
           Instance
           ?
        
         
           This
           Reflection
           will
           appear
           so
           much
           
           the
           more
           reasonable
           ,
           if
           we
           take
           into
           Consideration
           her
           Death
           too
           .
           The
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           had
           been
           now
           a
           Prisoner
           in
           England
           almost
           XVIII
           .
           Years
           ,
           when
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           was
           prevailed
           upon
           by
           the
           earnest
           Solicitation
           of
           many
           of
           the
           Peers
           and
           Commons
           of
           
             England
             ,
             who
             fell
             down
             upon
             their
             Knees
             ,
             humbly
             requesting
             her
             Majesty
          
           (
           as
           Melvil
           expresseth
           it
           )
           
             to
             have
             Compassion
             upon
             their
             unsure
             Estate
             ,
             albeit
             she
             should
             slight
             her
             own
             :
             Alledging
             ,
             That
             her
             Life
             was
             in
             hazard
             by
             the
             Practices
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
          
           Scotland
           ,
           
             and
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             also
             .
          
           Now
           as
           it
           was
           possible
           
           for
           the
           English
           to
           have
           kept
           all
           those
           ill
           men
           from
           her
           ,
           which
           might
           put
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scotland
           upon
           such
           Practices
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           utterly
           unreasonable
           that
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           should
           expect
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           would
           desist
           from
           endeavouring
           by
           all
           the
           ways
           that
           were
           possible
           ,
           to
           recover
           her
           Liberty
           and
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           tho
           with
           the
           Death
           of
           her
           Oppressor
           .
           But
           by
           this
           time
           the
           King
           of
           Scotland
           her
           Son
           was
           become
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           he
           would
           have
           secured
           the
           Peace
           and
           Possession
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           was
           now
           XLIV
           .
           Years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           so
           not
           so
           likely
           if
           she
           had
           escaped
           ,
           to
           have
           been
           Courted
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           wrought
           her
           any
           great
           Mischief
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           as
           she
           might
           have
           done
           in
           her
           Younger
           years
           ;
           besides
           ,
           by
           this
           time
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           had
           pretty
           well
           establishtd
           themselves
           to
           balance
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           but
           then
           the
           House
           of
           Guise
           was
           then
           in
           its
           greatest
           Pride
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           preparing
           his
           
             Invincible
             Armado
          
           ,
           which
           came
           two
           years
           after
           ;
           and
           these
           two
           may
           seem
           to
           have
           been
           the
           real
           Motives
           to
           it
           :
           But
           whatever
           they
           were
           ,
           the
           thing
           cannot
           be
           justified
           ,
           neither
           ought
           it
           ;
           and
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           seems
           to
           own
           as
           much
           ,
           by
           her
           
           ruining
           Davison
           the
           Secretary
           ,
           to
           conceal
           her
           own
           fault
           ,
           tho
           in
           truth
           it
           made
           it
           much
           worse
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           was
           
           brought
           before
           the
           Lords
           that
           were
           to
           Try
           her
           for
           her
           Life
           ,
           she
           declined
           their
           Jurisdiction
           (
           as
           well
           she
           might
           )
           and
           alledged
           she
           was
           a
           Sovereign
           Queen
           ;
           to
           which
           the
           Chancellor
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Hatton
           
           replied
           ,
           
             You
             are
             accused
             ,
             but
             not
             condemned
             :
             You
             say
             you
             are
             a
             Queen
             ,
             be
             it
             so
             ;
             if
             you
             are
             innocent
             ,
             you
             wrong
             your
             Reputation
             in
             avoiding
             Tryal
             :
             You
             protest
             your self
             Innocent
             ;
             the
             Queen
             feareth
             the
             contrary
             ,
             not
             without
             grief
             and
             shame
             :
             To
             examine
             your
             Innocence
             are
             these
             Honourable
             ,
             Prudent
             ,
             and
             upright
          
           Commissioners
           
             sent
             :
             Glad
             will
             they
             be
             with
             all
             their
             hearts
             ,
             if
             they
             may
             return
             and
             report
             you
             guiltless
             ;
             believe
             me
             ,
             the
             Queen
             her self
             will
             be
             much
             affected
             with
             Joy
             ,
             who
             affirmed
             to
             me
             at
             my
             coming
             from
             her
             ,
          
           That
           never
           any
           thing
           befel
           her
           more
           grievous
           to
           her
           ,
           than
           that
           you
           were
           Charged
           with
           such
           a
           Crime
           :
           
             Wherefore
             lay
             aside
             the
             bootless
             Privilege
             of
             a
             Royal
             Dignity
             ,
             which
             here
             can
             be
             of
             no
             use
             to
             you
             ;
             appear
             in
             Judgment
             ,
             and
             shew
             your
             Innocence
             ;
             lest
             by
             avoiding
             Tryal
          
           
           
             you
             draw
             upon
             your self
             suspicion
             ,
             and
             lay
             upon
             your
             Reputation
             an
             Eternal
             Blot
             and
             Aspersion
             .
          
        
         
           This
           short
           Speech
           is
           highly
           commended
           
           for
           the
           Ingenuity
           and
           Softness
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           it
           was
           a
           detestable
           piece
           of
           Wickedness
           to
           wheedle
           a
           poor
           Captive
           Queen
           ,
           who
           was
           ignorant
           of
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nations
           ,
           and
           destitute
           of
           all
           Advice
           and
           Counsel
           ,
           out
           of
           her
           Reputation
           ,
           Majesty
           ,
           Innocence
           ,
           and
           Life
           ;
           and
           under
           the
           false
           Pretences
           of
           the
           Queen's
           Tenderness
           for
           her
           ,
           her
           Judges
           Uprightness
           ,
           and
           her
           own
           alledg'd
           Innocence
           ,
           to
           bring
           her
           by
           a
           Pretended
           Shew
           of
           Justice
           ,
           to
           a
           Scaffold
           as
           a
           Subject
           ,
           who
           was
           an
           Equal
           ,
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           a
           Sovereign
           .
           The
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           Innocence
           did
           not
           consist
           in
           her
           having
           never
           contrived
           any
           thing
           against
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           but
           in
           her
           Right
           to
           contrive
           all
           that
           was
           possible
           ,
           to
           recover
           her
           Liberty
           and
           her
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           therefore
           when
           they
           had
           proved
           her
           in
           their
           Notion
           Guilty
           ,
           they
           had
           done
           nothing
           ;
           she
           was
           no
           Subject
           to
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           so
           ought
           her
           no
           Allegiance
           ,
           and
           consequently
           could
           commit
           no
           Treason
           against
           her
           ;
           and
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           
           ought
           to
           have
           set
           her
           at
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           commanded
           her
           out
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           before
           she
           could
           justly
           treat
           her
           as
           an
           Enemy
           .
           So
           that
           this
           was
           all
           of
           it
           Pretence
           ,
           Injustice
           ,
           and
           Oppression
           ;
           and
           had
           Nathan
           the
           Prophet
           been
           sent
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           ,
           he
           would
           certainly
           have
           told
           her
           as
           he
           did
           
             David
             ,
             Thou
             hast
             slain
             her
             with
             the
             sword
             of
             the
             children
             of
             Ammon
             .
          
           And
           the
           Complaint
           that
           she
           made
           to
           the
           Lord
           Hatton
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           she
           did
           after
           to
           excuse
           her self
           ,
           shew
           that
           she
           had
           a
           reluctance
           within
           ,
           and
           acted
           against
           the
           Dictates
           of
           her
           own
           Conscience
           ;
           so
           that
           this
           can
           be
           no
           Example
           ,
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           to
           any
           Prince
           or
           Subject
           ,
           but
           ought
           to
           be
           looked
           upon
           as
           the
           Dishonour
           and
           Shame
           of
           that
           otherwise
           most
           Excellent
           Princess
           .
        
         
           Yet
           after
           all
           ,
           the
           Queen
           is
           not
           to
           be
           
           charged
           with
           the
           whole
           Guilt
           of
           this
           Royal
           and
           Innocent
           Blood
           ;
           but
           those
           Foreign
           Princes
           ,
           and
           the
           Priests
           and
           Jesuits
           are
           justly
           chargable
           with
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           blame
           ,
           because
           when
           they
           saw
           the
           
             Queen
             of
             Scots
          
           in
           so
           much
           danger
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           they
           would
           never
           suffer
           her
           to
           be
           quiet
           ,
           but
           were
           eternally
           
           Plotting
           and
           Contriving
           ,
           Bribing
           and
           Conspiring
           ,
           how
           to
           murder
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           up
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           in
           her
           stead
           ,
           to
           restore
           their
           Beloved
           Popery
           here
           in
           England
           :
           To
           demonstrate
           the
           Truth
           of
           this
           Assertion
           ,
           I
           must
           in
           the
           next
           place
           give
           an
           account
           of
           the
           Troubles
           and
           Conspiracies
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           against
           this
           Princess
           ,
           which
           to
           the
           shame
           of
           their
           Religion
           were
           all
           began
           and
           carried
           on
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           a
           mighty
           Zeal
           for
           their
           Faith
           ,
           and
           in
           Obedience
           to
           its
           Principles
           .
           
             Pope
             Pius
             Quintus
          
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           
           1570
           ,
           thought
           it
           became
           his
           Piety
           ,
           and
           would
           be
           an
           excellent
           Argument
           of
           his
           deserving
           that
           name
           ,
           to
           Arm
           all
           the
           Queen's
           Subjects
           against
           God
           ,
           and
           their
           Prince
           and
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           foolishly
           presumed
           the
           Avenger
           of
           Perjury
           would
           permit
           him
           to
           free
           them
           from
           the
           obligations
           of
           their
           Natural
           and
           sworn
           Allegiance
           to
           their
           Lawful
           Sovereign
           and
           his
           Vicegerent
           :
           Thereupon
           he
           sent
           out
           his
           
             BULL
             ,
             to
             declare
             the
             Queen
             an
             Heretick
             ,
             and
             that
             she
             had
             forfeited
             all
             her
             Right
             to
             Reign
             and
             Govern
             :
             And
             he
             excited
             all
             the
             Neighbour
             Catholick
             Princes
             to
             take
             Arms
             against
             her
             ,
             and
             put
             this
             Bull
             in
             Execution
             .
          
           And
           one
           Dr.
           Morton
           ,
           
           the
           
             Pope's
             Legate
             à
             Latere
          
           here
           ,
           then
           lay
           lurking
           amongst
           the
           Papists
           in
           the
           North
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           with
           impatience
           expected
           the
           Roaring
           of
           this
           Bull
           ,
           as
           the
           Signal
           to
           Treason
           and
           Rebellion
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           made
           it
           his
           business
           to
           excite
           their
           Madness
           and
           Rage
           ,
           and
           inflame
           their
           Hatred
           by
           vain
           hopes
           and
           promises
           ,
           that
           so
           he
           might
           engage
           them
           in
           a
           miserable
           destructive
           War.
           The
           Popish
           Subjects
           of
           England
           ,
           being
           
           thus
           debauched
           from
           their
           Allegiance
           ,
           by
           the
           Pope's
           
             Authority
             and
             Approbation
          
           ,
           there
           presently
           followed
           a
           great
           many
           Seditions
           and
           Insurrections
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           the
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           of
           that
           Persuasion
           ,
           in
           compliance
           with
           their
           Religion
           ,
           began
           to
           be
           very
           ill
           affected
           towards
           their
           Prince
           .
           Thus
           Religion
           became
           a
           Pretence
           for
           ,
           and
           a
           Promoter
           of
           Rebellion
           and
           Treason
           .
           The
           first
           of
           the
           Nobility
           that
           entred
           into
           Action
           against
           the
           Queen
           ,
           was
           
             Thomas
             Piercy
             ,
             Earl
             of
          
           
           Northumberland
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           year
           1569
           ,
           had
           been
           privy
           to
           the
           Intended
           Marriage
           of
           Mary
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           with
           
             Thomas
             Howard
          
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ;
           and
           being
           discovered
           thereupon
           ,
           he
           submitted
           himself
           to
           the
           Earl
           of
           Sussex
           ,
           at
           that
           time
           President
           of
           the
           North
           ;
           yet
           
           after
           this
           he
           joined
           with
           
             Charles
             Nevil
          
           ,
           
           
             Earl
             of
             Westmorland
          
           ,
           and
           great
           Multitudes
           of
           people
           began
           to
           resort
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           began
           to
           be
           suspected
           again
           by
           the
           Government
           as
           designing
           some
           Mischief
           .
           The
           
             President
             of
             the
             North
          
           sent
           for
           them
           both
           at
           one
           time
           ,
           and
           freely
           told
           them
           what
           he
           had
           heard
           ,
           and
           they
           both
           stoutly
           disclaimed
           the
           having
           a
           Conspiracy
           in
           hand
           against
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           promised
           to
           adventure
           their
           Lives
           very
           zealously
           against
           any
           Traytor
           whatsoever
           ,
           that
           should
           take
           Arms
           against
           their
           Sovereign
           :
           Yet
           after
           all
           ,
           Piercy
           began
           to
           raise
           what
           Forces
           he
           could
           in
           the
           year
           1569
           ,
           which
           being
           discovered
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           she
           sent
           her
           Letters
           to
           them
           ,
           requiring
           them
           to
           come
           both
           to
           Court.
           The
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           was
           so
           easie
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           so
           far
           from
           that
           fiery
           Activity
           that
           is
           requisite
           in
           the
           Head
           of
           a
           Faction
           ,
           that
           upon
           the
           receit
           and
           reading
           of
           the
           Queen's
           Letter
           ,
           he
           was
           almost
           resolved
           to
           go
           to
           Court
           ,
           and
           cast
           himself
           at
           the
           Queen's
           Feet
           ,
           as
           in
           all
           probability
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           if
           his
           Servants
           and
           Followers
           who
           were
           more
           bent
           upon
           Mischief
           than
           he
           ,
           had
           not
           allarm'd
           him
           in
           the
           dead
           of
           the
           night
           ,
           and
           frighted
           him
           into
           a
           Rebellion
           
           by
           their
           crafty
           arts
           ;
           persuading
           him
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           
             That
             all
             the
             Catholicks
             in
          
           England
           
             were
             ready
             prepared
             to
             assert
             that
             Religion
             ;
             and
             that
             if
             they
             neglected
             it
             any
             longer
             ,
             Foreign
             Princes
             would
             take
             this
             work
             in
             hand
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Damage
             of
             the
             Nation
             :
          
           Whereupon
           he
           fled
           to
           Branspeth
           in
           the
           Bishoprick
           of
           Durham
           ,
           to
           the
           Earl
           of
           Westmorland
           ,
           and
           they
           joining
           in
           a
           Rebellion
           ,
           summoned
           their
           Confederates
           ,
           and
           issued
           out
           a
           
             Proclamation
             in
             the
             Queen's
             Name
             ,
             commanding
             the
             people
             to
             put
             themselves
             in
             Arms
             for
             the
             Defence
             of
             her
             Majesty's
             Person
             .
          
           In
           their
           Banner
           was
           a
           Cross
           Painted
           ,
           with
           the
           Five
           Wounds
           of
           Christ
           ;
           yet
           after
           all
           ,
           they
           never
           could
           assemble
           more
           than
           2000
           Horse
           ,
           and
           5000
           Foot
           ;
           so
           that
           tho
           they
           designed
           to
           have
           marched
           to
           York
           ,
           they
           durst
           not
           do
           it
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           first
           News
           that
           the
           Earl
           of
           Sussex
           was
           advancing
           towards
           them
           ,
           they
           disbanded
           these
           Tumultuous
           Forces
           before
           he
           came
           up
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           both
           the
           Farls
           fled
           into
           Scotland
           .
           The
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           was
           not
           long
           there
           before
           he
           was
           discovered
           by
           the
           Regent
           
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           was
           sent
           a
           Prisoner
           to
           the
           Castle
           of
           Lo●…klevin
           ,
           and
           in
           1572
           ,
           delivered
           into
           the
           Queen's
           hands
           ;
           and
           
           the
           22d
           of
           August
           in
           that
           year
           ,
           he
           was
           Beheaded
           at
           York
           .
           The
           Earl
           of
           Westmorland
           
           fled
           into
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           was
           received
           into
           the
           Protection
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           where
           he
           lived
           to
           a
           great
           Old
           Age
           ,
           and
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1584
           ,
           having
           lived
           all
           that
           while
           he
           was
           there
           in
           great
           Penury
           and
           Want.
           This
           was
           the
           last
           Earl
           of
           that
           Noble
           Family
           ,
           which
           had
           enjoyed
           that
           Earldom
           Six
           Descents
           ,
           from
           the
           year
           1398
           ,
           and
           was
           now
           wholly
           extinct
           ,
           he
           being
           Attainted
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           and
           leaving
           none
           but
           Daughters
           behind
           him
           .
           As
           their
           Forces
           were
           small
           ,
           they
           did
           but
           very
           little
           mischief
           to
           any
           besides
           themselves
           :
           First
           they
           marched
           to
           Durham
           ,
           which
           they
           entred
           without
           Resistance
           ,
           in
           a
           kind
           of
           silly
           Triumph
           ,
           and
           entring
           the
           Churches
           ,
           they
           cast
           to
           the
           ground
           the
           Bibles
           ,
           and
           trod
           upon
           them
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           English
           ;
           and
           then
           they
           plundered
           all
           the
           Church-Treasures
           ,
           threatning
           great
           Calamities
           to
           all
           those
           they
           called
           Hereticks
           :
           Then
           they
           went
           Northward
           ,
           and
           Besieged
           Bernard-Castle
           ,
           which
           Sir
           
             George
             Bowes
          
           defended
           against
           them
           Eleven
           days
           ,
           and
           by
           that
           time
           they
           had
           taken
           it
           ,
           Sussex
           was
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           disband
           and
           fly
           for
           
           it
           ;
           so
           little
           did
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           gain
           by
           this
           Abortive
           Insurrection
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           Queen
           heard
           of
           this
           sudden
           
           Insurrection
           ,
           she
           forthwith
           by
           the
           Advice
           of
           her
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           issued
           out
           a
           sharp
           Proclamation
           against
           the
           two
           Earls
           and
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Commanders
           and
           Abettors
           of
           this
           Rebellion
           ;
           and
           exhorted
           all
           her
           Subjects
           to
           join
           heartily
           with
           her
           to
           revenge
           the
           Injury
           which
           was
           hereby
           offered
           both
           to
           her
           and
           them
           .
           The
           Popish
           Religion
           ,
           which
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           was
           not
           able
           to
           preserve
           it self
           ,
           tho
           Established
           by
           Law
           when
           she
           came
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           in
           the
           Thirteen
           years
           which
           she
           had
           now
           Reigned
           ,
           was
           become
           so
           much
           less
           in
           Numbers
           than
           it
           was
           at
           her
           coming
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           and
           her
           Throne
           was
           now
           so
           well
           established
           ,
           that
           many
           of
           the
           Roman-Catholicks
           which
           were
           desirous
           enough
           of
           Innovation
           ,
           durst
           not
           be
           too
           forward
           to
           appear
           ,
           for
           fear
           the
           Event
           should
           prove
           ruinous
           to
           them
           :
           So
           that
           many
           of
           them
           sent
           the
           Earls
           Letters
           to
           them
           ,
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           promised
           to
           assist
           her
           towards
           the
           suppressing
           this
           Rebellion
           .
           And
           the
           two
           Earls
           being
           by
           their
           Servants
           and
           a
           company
           
           of
           hot-headed
           Priests
           ,
           trick'd
           into
           a
           Rebellion
           ,
           had
           made
           so
           little
           Preparations
           ,
           that
           they
           seemed
           only
           to
           rise
           that
           they
           might
           fall
           the
           lower
           ,
           and
           rise
           no
           more
           .
           But
           that
           which
           hastned
           the
           Reduction
           of
           them
           mostly
           ,
           was
           the
           Reputation
           and
           Valour
           of
           
             Thomas
             Ratcliff
             ,
             Farl
             of
             Sussex
             ,
             then
             President
             of
             the
             North
             :
          
           He
           was
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           great
           Industry
           and
           Experience
           ,
           and
           having
           now
           the
           supreme
           Command
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           give
           them
           time
           to
           fill
           up
           their
           Numbers
           ,
           but
           getting
           what
           Forces
           he
           could
           on
           a
           sudden
           together
           ,
           he
           marched
           against
           them
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           7000
           men
           ;
           and
           by
           his
           bold
           and
           quick
           approach
           struck
           Terror
           into
           the
           Rebels
           ,
           and
           extinguished
           this
           dangerous
           Fire
           in
           its
           beginning
           .
           The
           two
           Earls
           were
           by
           this
           time
           sensible
           that
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Popish
           Faction
           would
           not
           Rise
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           had
           neither
           Numbers
           ,
           nor
           Officers
           ,
           nor
           Ammunition
           ,
           nor
           Money
           to
           carry
           on
           a
           War
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           they
           heard
           that
           the
           Earl
           of
           Warwick
           and
           Clinton
           were
           Raising
           Forces
           in
           the
           South
           ,
           and
           had
           got
           together
           12000
           men
           ,
           and
           were
           marching
           towards
           them
           :
           So
           that
           if
           they
           had
           beaten
           Sussex
           ,
           they
           had
           been
           sure
           of
           another
           
           Army
           in
           a
           few
           days
           ,
           that
           would
           have
           ruined
           the
           Remains
           of
           their
           small
           Forces
           .
           So
           that
           they
           had
           no
           other
           course
           to
           take
           ,
           than
           to
           disband
           their
           men
           ,
           and
           skulk
           away
           as
           well
           as
           they
           could
        
         
           Whilst
           the
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           
           continued
           at
           Liberty
           in
           Scotland
           ,
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           lurk
           in
           a
           small
           Cottage
           destitute
           of
           Meat
           and
           Drink
           and
           all
           other
           Necessaries
           of
           human
           life
           ,
           suitable
           to
           a
           Person
           of
           his
           Birth
           and
           Quality
           ,
           as
           living
           amongst
           the
           bordering
           Thieves
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           not
           long
           before
           they
           grew
           weary
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           discovered
           him
           to
           the
           Regent
           of
           
             Scotland
             :
             Morton
          
           ,
           the
           next
           Regent
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           sold
           him
           after
           this
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           formerly
           been
           very
           kindly
           entertained
           by
           this
           Earl
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           flec
           out
           of
           Scotland
           :
           So
           that
           as
           he
           had
           broke
           his
           Faith
           to
           his
           Mistress
           ,
           
             he
             found
             no
             Faith
             ,
             nor
             Pity
             ,
             or
             Gratitude
             ,
             amongst
             others
             ,
          
           but
           was
           pursued
           to
           the
           Block
           by
           a
           Divine
           Vengeance
           ,
           which
           turned
           every
           thing
           against
           him
           .
           But
           it
           was
           ,
           however
           ,
           the
           happiness
           of
           this
           Family
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           Attainder
           the
           Estate
           descended
           with
           the
           Title
           to
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Piercy
          
           ,
           his
           
           younger
           Brother
           ,
           upon
           whom
           it
           was
           by
           Name
           entailed
           by
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           when
           she
           re-granted
           this
           Earldom
           to
           this
           Thomas
           ,
           in
           1556
           ;
           whereas
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Nevils
           was
           intirely
           ruined
           ,
           and
           never
           got
           up
           again
           .
        
         
           The
           Earl
           of
           Sussex
           prosecuted
           the
           
           Rebels
           with
           great
           Severity
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           obtained
           so
           easie
           a
           Victory
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           Bloodshed
           ,
           hanging
           many
           of
           them
           who
           had
           the
           misfortune
           to
           fall
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           plundering
           their
           Houses
           of
           all
           they
           had
           ,
           and
           confiscating
           and
           seizing
           their
           Estates
           .
           And
           not
           contented
           with
           this
           ,
           he
           led
           his
           Army
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           in
           hopes
           to
           catch
           the
           Fugitive
           Earls
           ,
           and
           wasted
           Tivedale
           with
           Fire
           and
           Sword
           ,
           and
           then
           returned
           into
           England
           ,
           without
           gaining
           what
           he
           sought
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           so
           incensed
           against
           them
           too
           ,
           that
           she
           Attainted
           all
           that
           she
           could
           find
           were
           concerned
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           were
           men
           of
           Estate
           ,
           but
           shewed
           more
           Mercy
           to
           the
           Poorer
           people
           ,
           whose
           Ignorance
           might
           bespeak
           her
           Compassion
           .
           She
           ordered
           also
           her
           Thanks
           to
           be
           given
           to
           those
           Noblemen
           and
           Gentlemen
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           heat
           of
           this
           Affair
           had
           taken
           Arms
           and
           come
           into
           
           her
           Assistance
           ,
           commanding
           competent
           Rewards
           to
           be
           given
           to
           all
           that
           deserved
           them
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           should
           spare
           the
           Lives
           of
           all
           those
           miserable
           men
           ,
           who
           should
           beg
           her
           Pardon
           ,
           and
           acknowledge
           their
           Fault
           .
        
         
           Out
           of
           the
           Ashes
           of
           this
           Rebellion
           
           there
           arose
           another
           at
           Naworth
           in
           the
           North
           part
           of
           Cumberland
           ,
           upon
           
             Severus's
             Wall
          
           ,
           which
           was
           headed
           by
           Leonard
           the
           second
           Son
           of
           
             William
             Lord
             Dacres
          
           of
           Gillesland
           .
           This
           Gentleman
           was
           discontented
           ,
           because
           the
           Estate
           of
           his
           Family
           was
           by
           Law
           so
           vested
           in
           the
           Daughters
           of
           
             Thomas
             Lord
             Dacres
          
           ,
           his
           Elder
           Brother
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           pass
           into
           other
           Families
           with
           them
           ;
           and
           this
           was
           the
           first
           spring
           of
           this
           Motion
           :
           He
           was
           in
           the
           Conspiracy
           of
           the
           Two
           Earls
           ,
           and
           was
           then
           at
           Court
           managing
           an
           Intrigue
           with
           some
           Foreign
           Ambassadors
           ,
           for
           some
           Assistance
           to
           be
           sent
           to
           them
           ;
           but
           finding
           the
           War
           began
           unseasonably
           ,
           he
           went
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           tendred
           her
           his
           Assistance
           against
           the
           Earls
           ,
           and
           she
           granted
           him
           her
           Commission
           for
           the
           Raising
           men
           to
           that
           purpose
           :
           He
           thereupon
           sent
           some
           to
           encourage
           the
           Earls
           to
           persist
           ,
           and
           to
           assure
           
           them
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           join
           them
           with
           what
           Forces
           he
           could
           raise
           ;
           but
           before
           he
           could
           get
           down
           and
           get
           into
           a
           Posture
           of
           Assisting
           them
           ,
           he
           saw
           all
           their
           Army
           dispersed
           ,
           and
           they
           forced
           to
           flee
           into
           Scotland
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           formed
           a
           Design
           to
           Murder
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Carlisle
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           
             scrope
             ,
             Warden
          
           of
           the
           
             West
             Marshes
          
           ;
           which
           when
           he
           saw
           he
           could
           not
           effect
           ,
           he
           recommended
           the
           Two
           Earls
           to
           the
           Scots
           ,
           and
           seized
           Greistoke
           and
           Caworth
           Castles
           as
           his
           own
           ,
           which
           belonged
           to
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Dacres
           ;
           and
           he
           got
           together
           about
           3000
           Borderers
           ,
           with
           some
           others
           who
           were
           the
           Friends
           of
           that
           Ancient
           and
           Splendid
           Family
           .
           The
           
             Lord
             Hunsdon
          
           hearing
           of
           this
           Insurrection
           ,
           drew
           out
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Garison
           of
           Berwick
           (
           of
           which
           he
           was
           Governour
           )
           ,
           and
           marched
           against
           this
           Incendiary
           ,
           who
           met
           Hunsdon
           ,
           and
           fought
           stoutly
           at
           the
           Head
           of
           his
           Party
           ;
           which
           was
           yet
           at
           last
           over-powered
           and
           broken
           ;
           the
           Lord
           Hunsdon
           having
           no
           great
           reason
           to
           be
           overjoyed
           at
           the
           Victory
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Number
           of
           men
           he
           lost
           :
           Dacres
           fled
           into
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           was
           with
           the
           two
           Earls
           Attainted
           in
           the
           next
           Parliament
           .
           Both
           these
           Rebellions
           were
           
           caused
           by
           Pope
           Pius
           his
           Bull
           ,
           tho
           they
           broke
           out
           before
           the
           Bull
           was
           Published
           here
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           great
           reason
           that
           they
           spread
           no
           further
           .
           The
           Delivery
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           in
           the
           Custody
           of
           George
           Earl
           of
           Shrewsbury
           ;
           the
           Restoring
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           suppressing
           the
           Protestant
           ,
           was
           the
           last
           thing
           they
           aimed
           at
           ;
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           the
           Fomenter
           of
           these
           Troubles
           ,
           and
           had
           sent
           them
           Assurances
           that
           he
           would
           send
           them
           Assistance
           from
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           had
           his
           Agent
           at
           Court
           to
           promote
           it
           .
           But
           all
           these
           Projects
           being
           disappointed
           ,
           England
           soon
           returned
           to
           her
           former
           state
           of
           Peace
           ;
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           seeing
           their
           Weakness
           ,
           and
           the
           Severity
           of
           the
           Government
           against
           these
           Ring-leaders
           ,
           soon
           found
           how
           much
           it
           was
           their
           Interest
           to
           be
           quiet
           .
        
         
           The
           secret
           Head
           of
           all
           these
           Motions
           ,
           
           was
           
             Thomas
             Howard
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Norfolk
             ,
          
           who
           was
           the
           Richest
           ,
           most
           Noble
           ,
           and
           Wisest
           Peer
           then
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           with
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           no
           less
           beloved
           by
           the
           People
           .
           This
           Great
           Man
           having
           appeared
           a
           little
           over-inclined
           to
           favour
           the
           Interest
           of
           
           the
           Captive
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           ,
           in
           the
           XIth
           .
           year
           of
           the
           Queen's
           Reign
           ,
           he
           drew
           upon
           himself
           both
           the
           Suspicion
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           the
           Practices
           of
           his
           Enemies
           at
           Home
           and
           Abroad
           :
           The
           Pope
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           different
           and
           very
           contrary
           ends
           ,
           promoting
           a
           Marriage
           between
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           and
           this
           Duke
           ;
           which
           being
           by
           the
           means
           of
           these
           Rebellions
           discovered
           in
           part
           to
           the
           Council
           of
           England
           ,
           in
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           year
           1669
           ,
           he
           was
           first
           Committed
           ;
           he
           left
           the
           Court
           in
           Discontent
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           Marry
           the
           Queen
           of
           S●…ots
           ,
           without
           the
           Queen
           of
           England's
           Leave
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           promised
           the
           Queen
           he
           would
           proceed
           no
           further
           in
           this
           business
           :
           Whereupon
           he
           was
           committed
           Prisoner
           to
           the
           Tower
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1571
           ;
           and
           the
           16th
           .
           of
           January
           ,
           1572.
           he
           was
           found
           Guilty
           of
           High-Treason
           ,
           and
           Beheaded
           the
           15th
           .
           of
           June
           following
           .
           The
           Greatness
           of
           his
           Fortunes
           and
           Soul
           ,
           and
           the
           wonderful
           Affection
           the
           People
           of
           England
           on
           all
           occasions
           shewed
           to
           this
           Noble
           Gentleman
           ,
           added
           to
           his
           Compassion
           for
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           Lady
           of
           great
           Wit
           and
           Beauty
           ,
           first
           stirred
           in
           
           him
           the
           thought
           of
           Marrying
           her
           upon
           her
           first
           coming
           into
           England
           ;
           which
           coming
           to
           the
           Queen's
           ears
           ,
           he
           was
           a
           little
           before
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           the
           North
           ,
           put
           under
           Confinement
           ;
           yet
           he
           found
           means
           to
           send
           Money
           to
           the
           Earls
           of
           Northumberland
           and
           Westmorland
           ,
           but
           so
           privately
           ,
           that
           after
           this
           he
           had
           his
           Liberty
           again
           .
           By
           the
           procurement
           of
           one
           
             Robert
             Ridolf
          
           ,
           Agent
           for
           Pope
           
             Pius
             Quintus
          
           here
           in
           England
           ,
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           Merchandize
           ,
           he
           was
           again
           drawn
           into
           a
           secret
           Practice
           for
           the
           Marrying
           that
           Captive
           Queen
           ;
           which
           being
           discovered
           to
           the
           
             Lord
             Treasurer
             Burleigh
          
           ,
           by
           the
           Duke's
           Secretary
           ,
           out
           of
           mere
           Treachery
           ,
           he
           was
           again
           Imprisoned
           ,
           Tried
           ,
           and
           Convicted
           ,
           by
           one
           whom
           he
           most
           trusted
           ,
           and
           leaft
           suspected
           of
           Designing
           against
           him
           .
           Thus
           wonderfully
           did
           God
           appear
           for
           this
           Religious
           Queen
           ,
           turning
           all
           the
           Crafty
           Imaginations
           of
           her
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           intended
           Violences
           ,
           upon
           their
           own
           heads
           ,
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           this
           Church
           and
           Nation
           .
        
         
           
             Saith
             Mr.
             Cambden
             ,
             The
             Love
             that
             
             the
             People
             of
             England
             bore
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Norfolk
             ,
             is
             incredible
             ,
             which
             
             he
             had
             acquired
             by
             a
             Courtesie
             and
             Goodness
             which
             was
             worthy
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Prince
             .
             The
             Wiser
             part
             of
             the
             Nation
             were
             very
             differently
             affected
             towards
             him
             ,
             some
             being
             affrighted
             at
             the
             Danger
             which
             was
             threatned
             to
             the
             Nation
             from
             his
             Numerous
             Party
             ,
             whilst
             he
             lived
             to
             Head
             them
             :
             And
             others
             very
             heartily
             commiserating
             this
             Noble
             Gentleman
             ,
             who
             was
             of
             an
             excellent
             Temper
             ,
             of
             great
             Beauty
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             Manly
             Aspect
             ,
             and
             would
             have
             been
             the
             Ornament
             and
             Securer
             of
             his
             Countrey
             ,
             if
             the
             fraudulent
             Arts
             of
             his
             Enemies
             had
             not
             turned
             him
             out
             of
             his
             former
             course
             and
             way
             of
             living
             ,
             by
             the
             deceivable
             hopes
             of
             greater
             things
             ,
             and
             the
             specious
             pretences
             and
             shews
             of
             promoting
             the
             Publick
             Welfare
             .
             His
             End
             renewed
             the
             Memory
             of
             his
             Father's
             most
             unhappy
             Fate
             ,
             who
             Twenty
             Five
             Years
             before
             was
             Beheaded
             in
             the
             same
             place
             ,
             only
             because
             he
             wore
             the
             Scutcheon
             of
             Edward
             the
             Confessor
             ,
             in
             his
             Arms
             ;
             which
             were
             granted
             to
             the.
             Mowbrays
             ,
             Dukes
             of
             Norfolk
             ,
             from
             whom
             he
             was
             descended
             Lineally
             ,
             by
             King
             Richard
             the
             IId
             .
          
        
         
         
           This
           Bull
           of
           Pope
           Pius
           V.
           and
           his
           Practises
           
           against
           England
           ,
           produced
           a
           shoal
           of
           Traytors
           to
           plague
           that
           Generation
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           ever
           after
           it
           restlefly
           plotting
           and
           conspiring
           against
           their
           Sovereign
           ,
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           their
           Kindred
           ,
           with
           an
           invincible
           perfidy
           and
           obstinacy
           ,
           which
           the
           Executions
           of
           many
           could
           not
           extinguish
           :
           But
           yet
           the
           Calamity
           did
           not
           end
           there
           ;
           for
           from
           the
           same
           Exuberant
           Fountain
           of
           Mischief
           ,
           issued
           those
           
             refractory
             and
             stabborn
             Recusants
             ,
             who
             separating
             from
             the
             Communion
             and
             Service
             of
             the
             Church
             of
          
           England
           (
           which
           till
           then
           they
           had
           frequented
           without
           the
           least
           scruple
           or
           difference
           )
           they
           
             set
             up
             Popish
             Conventicles
             ,
             and
             the
          
           Latin
           
             Mass
             ,
             and
             called
             over
             a
             swarm
             of
             Jesuits
             ,
             Priests
             ,
             and
             Monks
             ,
             to
             infest
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             incense
             those
             that
             entertained
             them
             ,
             against
             the
             Religion
             and
             Government
             that
             was
             established
             ,
             and
             so
             perpetuated
             our
             Quarrels
             ,
             and
             kept
             open
             the
             bloody
             wounds
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             .
          
           This
           is
           the
           thing
           we
           have
           most
           reason
           to
           complain
           of
           ,
           because
           it
           has
           brought
           upon
           all
           the
           succeeding
           Times
           ,
           great
           miseries
           and
           distresses
           ;
           and
           the
           Wisdom
           of
           our
           Forefathers
           has
           not
           been
           able
           to
           cure
           this
           Disease
           .
           The
           Queen
           seeing
           in
           the
           mean
           
           time
           the
           mischief
           this
           would
           bring
           upon
           her
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           being
           roused
           by
           the
           Rebellions
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           and
           the
           intimations
           she
           had
           ,
           that
           there
           were
           Designs
           on
           foot
           against
           her
           Person
           and
           Life
           ,
           took
           up
           a
           resolution
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           ,
           passed
           an
           Act
           in
           the
           next
           Parliament
           
             for
             the
             levying
          
           20
           l.
           
           
             the
             Month
             ,
             upon
             all
             that
             should
             refuse
             to
             go
             to
             Church
             ,
             and
             attend
             at
             the
             Service
             of
             God
             ;
             or
             to
             take
             the
             Oath
             of
             Supremacy
             .
          
           And
           finding
           that
           the
           
             Iesuits
             and
             Secular
             Priests
          
           were
           ,
           under
           the
           Mask
           and
           Pretence
           of
           Religion
           ,
           the
           Spies
           and
           Partisans
           of
           Philip
           II.
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           the
           Emissaries
           and
           Promoters
           of
           the
           Papal
           Tyranny
           and
           Disorder
           ;
           and
           that
           their
           greatest
           business
           was
           to
           pervert
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           to
           entice
           them
           to
           commit
           the
           most
           unnatural
           and
           horrid
           Crimes
           ,
           she
           banished
           them
           for
           ever
           from
           her
           Kingdoms
           and
           Territories
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           Treason
           for
           them
           to
           return
           ,
           and
           Felony
           for
           any
           of
           her
           Subjects
           (
           knowing
           them
           to
           be
           such
           )
           to
           entertain
           ,
           conceal
           ,
           or
           harbor
           them
           .
           This
           ,
           which
           was
           designed
           by
           the
           Queen
           and
           the
           Government
           to
           cure
           ,
           or
           rather
           to
           prevent
           their
           Treachery
           and
           Malice
           ,
           by
           keeping
           them
           at
           a
           distance
           ,
           inflamed
           their
           rage
           against
           
           her
           ,
           so
           that
           concealing
           themselves
           under
           the
           Habits
           and
           Dresses
           of
           Lay
           men
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           under
           the
           Disguise
           of
           Mechanick
           and
           mean
           Trades
           and
           Employments
           ,
           they
           lay
           as
           it
           were
           in
           ambush
           ,
           expecting
           and
           ready
           to
           catch
           at
           any
           opportunity
           that
           offered
           it self
           to
           murther
           her
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1578.
           which
           was
           the
           
           12th
           year
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           and
           the
           very
           year
           when
           the
           Popish
           Schism
           began
           ;
           several
           of
           the
           Popish
           Priests
           fled
           over
           into
           Flanders
           ,
           where
           Philip
           II.
           had
           already
           prepared
           for
           them
           a
           College
           at
           Doway
           ;
           and
           here
           they
           put
           themselves
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           one
           
             William
             Alan
          
           ,
           a
           Divine
           of
           Oxford
           ;
           who
           having
           obtained
           a
           large
           Pension
           from
           the
           Pope
           ,
           opened
           here
           a
           School
           for
           Rebellion
           and
           Treason
           ;
           
             To
             the
             end
          
           (
           say
           they
           )
           
             that
             as
             the
             Papal
             Priests
             in
          
           England
           
             are
             by
             time
             extinguished
             ,
             there
             might
             always
             be
             a
             new
             Race
             to
             supply
             their
             Places
             ,
             and
             sow
             the
             Seeds
             of
             the
          
           Roman
           
             Religion
             in
          
           England
           ;
           
             and
             therefore
             they
             called
             these
             Places
          
           
           
             Seminaries
             ,
             and
             those
             that
             were
             educated
             in
             them
             Seminary
             Priests
             .
          
           The
           first
           of
           these
           
             Seminary
             Priests
          
           sent
           
           over
           ,
           were
           
             Robert
             Parson
          
           ,
           and
           
             Edmund
             Campion
          
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1580.
           
           Parson
           was
           
           a
           Somersetfhire
           man
           ,
           of
           a
           furious
           and
           hot
           Temper
           ,
           and
           of
           an
           ungenteel
           behaviour
           :
           Campian
           was
           a
           Londoner
           ,
           well
           bred
           ,
           sweet
           and
           elegant
           ,
           and
           both
           of
           them
           had
           been
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           University
           of
           Oxford
           ,
           and
           had
           profess'd
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           .
           These
           men
           ,
           upon
           their
           coming
           over
           into
           England
           ,
           appeared
           sometimes
           in
           a
           Military
           Habit
           ,
           sometimes
           in
           the
           Dress
           of
           a
           Gentleman
           ,
           and
           at
           others
           in
           the
           Habits
           of
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           like
           Paritors
           ,
           and
           frequented
           the
           Country
           Houses
           ,
           and
           Seats
           of
           the
           Popish
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           .
           Parson
           was
           so
           hot
           with
           them
           for
           the
           deposing
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           that
           
             some
             of
             them
             were
             strongly
             inclined
             to
             deliver
             him
             up
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Magistrates
             .
             Campian
          
           made
           it
           more
           his
           business
           to
           pervert
           the
           People
           by
           his
           Writings
           ,
           to
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           ;
           but
           his
           Reign
           was
           not
           long
           ,
           for
           in
           the
           year
           1581.
           he
           was
           taken
           and
           executed
           for
           High-Treason
           .
           The
           Queen
           had
           before
           this
           ,
           put
           out
           a
           Proclamation
           to
           give
           these
           men
           a
           caution
           before-hand
           ,
           That
           
             seeing
             they
             had
             put
             off
             all
             that
             Love
             which
             they
             owed
             to
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             the
             Allegiance
             which
             was
             due
             to
             her
             ,
             they
             should
             yet
             behave
             themselves
             prudently
             and
             modestly
             ,
             and
             not
             irritate
          
           
           
             her
             Justice
             any
             farther
             against
             them
             ;
             for
             she
             was
             now
             resolved
             not
             to
             be
             cruel
             to
             her self
             and
             her
             good
             Subjects
             any
             longer
             ,
             by
             sparing
             such
             Miscreants
             ,
             as
             she
             had
             found
             them
             to
             be
             :
          
           So
           that
           how
           severely
           soever
           they
           were
           used
           ,
           they
           had
           the
           less●…ason
           to
           complain
           ,
           because
           she
           had
           fairly
           before-hand
           told
           them
           what
           she
           meant
           to
           do
           ,
           and
           what
           usage
           they
           might
           expect
           at
           her
           hands
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1583.
           
           
             Francis
             Throgmorton
          
           ,
           the
           eldest
           Son
           of
           
             John
             Throgmorton
          
           ,
           Chief
           Justice
           of
           
             Chester
             ,
             Thomas
             Lord
             Paget
          
           ,
           and
           
             Charles
             Arundel
          
           ,
           and
           others
           of
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           ,
           conspired
           to
           deliver
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           out
           of
           her
           Confinement
           .
           Henry
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Northumberland
           ,
           and
           Philip
           his
           Son
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Arundel
           ,
           were
           suspected
           ,
           and
           confined
           to
           their
           own
           Houses
           :
           and
           some
           others
           were
           suspected
           ,
           and
           difficultly
           delivered
           themselves
           .
           For
           about
           this
           time
           ,
           the
           outragious
           Malice
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           against
           the
           Queen
           ,
           broke
           out
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           they
           printed
           Books
           to
           exhor●…
           the
           Queens
           Servants
           to
           serve
           her
           as
           Judith
           did
           Holofernes
           The
           Author
           of
           which
           was
           never
           fully
           discovered
           ,
           but
           i●…
           was
           suspected
           that
           it
           was
           written
           by
           
           
             Gregory
             Martin
          
           of
           Oxford
           ;
           but
           Carter
           ,
           a
           Printer
           that
           printed
           it
           ,
           was
           hanged
           ;
           Throgm●…
           had
           the
           same
           Fate
           ;
           but
           Paget
           ,
           and
           
             Charles
             Arundel
          
           ,
           left
           the
           Nation
           ,
           and
           went
           into
           
             France
             .
             Stafford
          
           ,
           the
           Queen's
           Ambassador
           ,
           desired
           they
           might
           be
           sent
           out
           of
           France
           ,
           which
           was
           denied
           ,
           because
           the
           Queen
           had
           at
           the
           same
           time
           entertained
           the
           Count
           
             de
             Montgomery
          
           ,
           and
           had
           then
           with
           her
           ,
           Sagner
           an
           Advocate
           of
           Berne
           ,
           an
           Ambassador
           for
           the
           King
           of
           Navar
           ,
           who
           was
           endeavouring
           to
           promote
           a
           War
           in
           France
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1585.
           
           
             William
             Parry
          
           ,
           a
           
           Welshman
           by
           Birth
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           very
           mean
           Extraction
           ,
           meanly
           learned
           in
           the
           Civil
           Law
           ,
           but
           proud
           and
           gallant
           beyond
           his
           Means
           ,
           being
           chosen
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           Lower-House
           ,
           declaimed
           very
           furiously
           against
           a
           Bill
           then
           proposed
           in
           Parliament
           against
           the
           Jesuits
           ,
           
             averring
             t●…at
             it
             was
             a
             cruel
             ,
             bloody
             ,
             desperate
             Bill
             ,
             and
             would
             be
             destructive
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
          
           England
           .
           Being
           desired
           to
           shew
           his
           Reasons
           for
           what
           he
           said
           ,
           he
           refused
           to
           answer
           before
           any
           other
           than
           the
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           whereupon
           he
           was
           commit●…ed
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           upon
           his
           submission
           ,
           
           readmitted
           into
           the
           House
           ;
           but
           was
           afterwards
           accused
           by
           
             Edmund
             Nevil
          
           ,
           the
           Heir
           Male
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Westmorland
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           Design
           against
           the
           Life
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           which
           he
           confessed
           afterwards
           in
           the
           Tower
           ,
           upon
           which
           he
           was
           tryed
           and
           executed
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1586.
           
           
             J.
             Ballard
          
           ,
           a
           Ruffling
           
           Priest
           of
           the
           College
           of
           Reims
           ,
           came
           over
           to
           embroil
           the
           Nation
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           visit
           to
           most
           of
           the
           Popish
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           in
           England
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           being
           every
           where
           accompanied
           by
           one
           Mand
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           Spy
           employed
           by
           Sir
           
             F.
             Walsingham
          
           .
           This
           Silken
           Priest
           
           came
           into
           England
           about
           Easter
           ,
           and
           contracted
           a
           great
           acquaintance
           and
           friendship
           with
           Mr.
           
             Anth.
             Babington
          
           ,
           of
           Dethick
           in
           Derbyshire
           ,
           a
           young
           Gentleman
           of
           good
           Birth
           and
           Estate
           ,
           of
           great
           Wit
           ,
           and
           Learned
           above
           his
           years
           ;
           but
           being
           a
           great
           Zealot
           for
           the
           Romish
           Religion
           ,
           he
           about
           a
           year
           before
           this
           ,
           without
           the
           Queen's
           leave
           ,
           went
           into
           France
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           first
           debauched
           as
           to
           his
           Loyalty
           by
           Morgan
           ,
           an
           Agent
           for
           the
           Scotchmen
           in
           that
           Court.
           Ballard
           informed
           this
           Gentleman
           ,
           that
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           would
           not
           live
           long
           ,
           
           because
           there
           was
           one
           Savage
           come
           over
           
           to
           assassinate
           her
           .
           This
           Project
           did
           not
           please
           Babington
           ,
           so
           he
           formed
           a
           new
           Design
           ,
           in
           which
           were
           Edward
           ,
           Brother
           
           to
           the
           Lord
           
             Windsor
             ,
             Thomas
             Sarisbury
          
           ,
           of
           the
           County
           of
           
             Denbigh
             ,
             Charles
             Tilney
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Gentlemen
           Pensioners
           that
           waited
           upon
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           the
           only
           hope
           of
           his
           Family
           ;
           but
           reconciled
           to
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           under-hand
           by
           this
           
             Ballard
             ;
             Chidick
             Tichburn
          
           ,
           of
           the
           County
           of
           
             Southampton
             ,
             Edward
             Abington
          
           ,
           Son
           of
           the
           Queen's
           
             Cosserer
             ;
             Robert
             Grage
          
           of
           
             Surry
             ,
             John
             Traverse
             ,
             John
             Charnock
             of
             Lancaster
             ,
             John
             Jones
             ,
          
           whose
           Father
           had
           been
           Master
           of
           the
           Wardrobe
           to
           Queen
           
             Mary
             ;
             Sava●…e
          
           ,
           and
           one
           Barnwell
           of
           a
           Noble
           〈◊〉
           Family
           ;
           ;
           
             Henry
             Dun
          
           ,
           a
           Clerk
           in
           the
           Tenth
           and
           First
           Fruits
           Office
           ;
           and
           there
           was
           one
           Polle
           ,
           who
           pretended
           to
           be
           a
           great
           Friend
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           and
           was
           trusted
           very
           much
           in
           her
           Affairs
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           a
           Spy
           employed
           by
           Walsingham
           the
           Secretary
           .
           Nave
           ,
           the
           Scotch
           Queens
           Secretary
           ,
           had
           in
           some
           degree
           scented
           the
           Treachery
           of
           this
           false
           Brother
           ,
           and
           had
           given
           them
           a
           caution
           to
           beware
           of
           him
           ;
           but
           he
           appeared
           so
           active
           to
           promote
           the
           Conspiracy
           ,
           and
           
           pushed
           them
           on
           in
           the
           Design
           with
           so
           much
           Zeal
           and
           Warmth
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           no
           manner
           of
           suspicion
           of
           him
           ,
           tho
           he
           every
           day
           discovered
           to
           the
           Secretary
           what
           they
           did
           or
           said
           .
        
         
           Babington
           was
           the
           great
           Manager
           of
           
           this
           Plot
           ,
           and
           assigned
           to
           every
           one
           of
           them
           his
           business
           ,
           without
           communicating
           to
           all
           the
           Orders
           he
           had
           given
           to
           the
           several
           Parties
           .
           He
           was
           very
           earnest
           that
           Tilney
           and
           Tichburne
           should
           be
           the
           men
           that
           should
           assassinate
           the
           Queen
           ,
           which
           they
           at
           first
           stoutly
           refused
           ,
           till
           Ballard
           and
           Babington
           undertook
           to
           prove
           to
           them
           ,
           That
           
             it
             was
             lawful
             to
             kill
             an
             Excommunicated
             Prince
             ;
             and
             that
             if
             Justice
             was
             in
             any
             cause
             to
             be
             violated
             ,
             it
             was
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             the
             Catholick
             Religion
          
           ;
           Yet
           they
           at
           last
           did
           not
           hear●…ily
           consent
           ,
           but
           in
           some
           sort
           yielded
           ,
           but
           with
           great
           reluctance
           ,
           
             Abington
             ,
             Barnwell
             ,
             ●…barnock
          
           ,
           and
           Savage
           ,
           were
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           prepared
           and
           ready
           for
           mischief
           ,
           and
           so
           needed
           no
           Perswasion
           .
           Sarisbury
           would
           never
           be
           perswaded
           to
           have
           any
           hand
           in
           the
           Death
           of
           the
           Queen
           ;
           but
           then
           he
           promised
           his
           assistance
           for
           the
           freeing
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           .
           Whilst
           they
           were
           contriving
           the
           Design
           ,
           and
           talting
           
           care
           for
           Foreign
           Forces
           to
           second
           it
           ,
           
             Gilbert
             Giffard
          
           a
           Priest
           ,
           was
           sent
           over
           to
           put
           Savage
           in
           mind
           of
           his
           Promise
           ,
           who
           was
           born
           of
           a
           good
           Family
           at
           
             Chellington
          
           in
           Staffordstire
           ,
           not
           far
           from
           Chartley
           Castle
           ,
           where
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           was
           then
           a
           Prisoner
           ;
           and
           he
           came
           over
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           Luson
           .
           His
           other
           Business
           was
           to
           take
           care
           to
           transmit
           beyond
           Sea
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           Letters
           ,
           which
           several
           others
           of
           Greater
           Quality
           had
           refused
           .
           This
           Giffard
           betrayed
           the
           whole
           Business
           to
           
             Secretary
             Walsingham
          
           ,
           and
           sent
           him
           all
           theirs
           ,
           and
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           Letters
           ;
           So
           that
           the
           whole
           Design
           was
           discovered
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           proved
           as
           clear
           as
           the
           Light
           in
           Heaven
           .
           Whereupon
           the
           Queen
           ordered
           Ballard
           to
           be
           taken
           up
           ,
           and
           Babington
           to
           be
           so
           closely
           observed
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           stir
           .
           Giffard
           was
           sent
           into
           France
           ,
           where
           being
           suspected
           ,
           he
           was
           clapt
           up
           in
           Prison
           ,
           and
           perished
           miserably
           .
           The
           13th
           of
           September
           ,
           seven
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           were
           arraigned
           ,
           and
           confessed
           the
           Crime
           ,
           
             viz.
             Ballard
             ,
             Babington
             ,
             Savage
             ,
             Barnwell
             ,
             Tichburn
             ,
             Tilney
             ,
             Abington
          
           ;
           seven
           denied
           it
           ,
           and
           put
           themselves
           upon
           their
           Tryal
           .
           Babington
           was
           executed
           with
           great
           severity
           ;
           
           Savage
           broke
           the
           Rope
           ,
           and
           was
           cut
           up
           alive
           ,
           without
           any
           hanging
           :
           These
           two
           ,
           with
           
             Savage
             ,
             Barnwell
             ,
             Tichburn
             ,
             Tilney
             ,
          
           and
           Abington
           ,
           were
           executed
           with
           great
           rigour
           the
           20th
           of
           Sept.
           in
           St.
           Giles's
           Fields
           .
           The
           next
           day
           the
           other
           seven
           were
           executed
           with
           more
           mercy
           ,
           the
           Queen
           detested
           the
           cutting
           them
           up
           alive
           ,
           as
           had
           been
           done
           the
           day
           before
           :
           These
           were
           
             Sarisbury
             ,
             Duns
             ,
             Jones
             ,
             Charnock
             ,
             Traverse
             ,
             Gage
             ,
          
           and
           one
           Bellamy
           ,
           who
           was
           not
           in
           the
           Plot
           ,
           but
           had
           a
           Brother
           in
           it
           ,
           who
           hanged
           himself
           in
           Prison
           ;
           and
           Bellamy
           was
           executed
           for
           concealing
           Babington
           ,
           after
           he
           was
           declared
           to
           be
           a
           Traytor
           .
        
         
           This
           Conspiracy
           being
           thus
           detected
           ,
           
           proved
           fatal
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           Cause
           and
           Pretence
           of
           her
           Death
           ,
           she
           being
           tryed
           as
           one
           of
           them
           that
           had
           an
           hand
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           without
           doubt
           she
           had
           .
        
         
           The
           Papists
           in
           that
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           succeeding
           
           Ages
           ,
           have
           belched
           out
           against
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           the
           Hellish
           Steams
           of
           an
           enraged
           Mallce
           ,
           traducing
           her
           as
           the
           most
           bloody
           and
           unmerciful
           Tyrant
           
           that
           ever
           yet
           swayed
           a
           Scepter
           ;
           and
           averring
           that
           the
           
             Roman
             Catholicks
          
           suffered
           as
           much
           or
           more
           in
           her
           Reign
           ,
           than
           all
           the
           Primitive
           Christians
           did
           under
           the
           Pagan
           and
           
             Arian
             Roman
             Emperors
          
           .
           Now
           if
           this
           were
           literally
           true
           ,
           yet
           they
           have
           no
           reason
           to
           complain
           ,
           because
           they
           brought
           all
           this
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           by
           their
           abominable
           Perfidy
           and
           Treasons
           ,
           which
           the
           other
           never
           were
           guilty
           of
           .
           For
           could
           they
           think
           she
           was
           bound
           to
           sit
           still
           ,
           and
           suffer
           them
           to
           depose
           and
           murther
           her
           ?
           No
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           find
           the
           Person
           of
           a
           Prince
           is
           out
           of
           their
           reach
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           destroy
           it
           ,
           their
           next
           care
           is
           ,
           to
           defame
           them
           to
           Posterity
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           murther
           their
           Reputation
           .
           But
           the
           necessary
           Inference
           is
           ,
           That
           this
           is
           the
           worst
           Religion
           that
           ever
           got
           foot
           amongst
           men
           ,
           and
           equally
           destructive
           to
           its
           own
           Votaries
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           by
           putting
           them
           that
           embrace
           it
           ,
           upon
           such
           base
           and
           detestable
           Practices
           ,
           as
           must
           ruin
           both
           Body
           and
           Soul
           ,
           and
           make
           their
           Names
           infamous
           to
           Posterity
           .
           Who
           can
           consider
           the
           Untimely
           End
           of
           Mr.
           Babington
           ,
           a
           hopeful
           Young
           Gentleman
           ,
           and
           not
           detest
           to
           the
           Pit
           of
           Hell
           ,
           the
           Baseness
           and
           Treachery
           of
           Ballard
           
           and
           Gifford
           ,
           those
           Firebrands
           of
           Hell
           ,
           that
           brought
           him
           to
           so
           Untimely
           a
           Grave
           ,
           with
           Infamy
           and
           Horrible
           Tortures
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           perfectly
           alive
           when
           he
           was
           cut
           open
           ,
           and
           said
           after
           he
           was
           cut
           down
           ,
           
             Parce
             mihi
             Domine
             Jesu
             ;
             Lord
             Jesus
             spare
             me
             .
          
           And
           however
           unjustifiable
           the
           Execution
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           is
           ,
           these
           were
           the
           men
           that
           brought
           her
           too
           to
           an
           Untimely
           Grave
           ,
           and
           betrayed
           her
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           her
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           Day
           of
           Judgment
           thty
           shall
           answer
           for
           her
           Blood.
           
        
         
           The
           Queen
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           finding
           
           her
           Treasury
           exhausted
           by
           the
           vast
           Expences
           she
           had
           been
           put
           to
           for
           the
           upholding
           the
           Hollanders
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           to
           whom
           in
           the
           year
           1576.
           she
           Lent
           20000
           l
           and
           after
           that
           time
           she
           furnished
           them
           several
           times
           :
           And
           in
           the
           year
           1585.
           she
           had
           Cautionary
           Towns
           given
           her
           ,
           and
           openly
           espoused
           their
           Cause
           ,
           and
           undertook
           the
           protection
           of
           them
           .
           All
           these
           great
           Expences
           ,
           and
           her
           Troubles
           at
           home
           ,
           enforced
           her
           to
           demand
           Assistance
           of
           her
           Subjects
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           was
           accordingly
           given
           by
           the
           Temporality
           and
           the
           Clergy
           most
           freely
           and
           liberally
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           
           kind
           of
           Emulation
           which
           should
           give
           most
           .
           The
           Queen
           finding
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           that
           of
           four
           Subsidies
           that
           were
           given
           her
           ,
           three
           would
           do
           her
           business
           ,
           she
           by
           her
           Proclamation
           discharged
           the
           
           fourth
           ,
           and
           so
           much
           of
           the
           other
           three
           as
           was
           not
           levied
           ;
           presuming
           that
           the
           backwardness
           of
           the
           payment
           was
           occasioned
           only
           by
           the
           poverty
           of
           those
           that
           should
           have
           paid
           it
           .
           Thus
           her
           Care
           and
           Thrift
           enabled
           her
           to
           maintain
           a
           vast
           Charge
           with
           a
           small
           Revenue
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           relieve
           the
           needy
           part
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           by
           her
           remitting
           one
           Part
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Nation
           by
           releasing
           another
           Part
           ;
           
             which
             won
             the
             Hearts
             of
             her
             People
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             they
             never
             after
             denied
             her
             whatever
             she
             asked
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           finding
           their
           Naval
           
           Preparation
           in
           1588.
           defeated
           ;
           all
           their
           Designs
           against
           the
           Hollanders
           baffled
           ;
           their
           Attempts
           in
           Ireland
           disappointed
           ;
           their
           Forces
           wasted
           ,
           and
           the
           Floods
           of
           Treasure
           the
           New
           World
           then
           sent
           them
           ,
           exhausted
           to
           small
           or
           no
           purpose
           ;
           in
           the
           Year
           1594.
           out
           of
           meer
           spite
           and
           desperation
           they
           condescended
           so
           low
           ,
           as
           to
           employ
           one
           
             Roder●…ck
             Lopez
          
           
           a
           Jew
           ,
           and
           a
           Physician
           by
           Profession
           ,
           to
           Poyson
           the
           Queen
           ;
           
             Stephen
             Ferreira
             Gama
          
           ,
           and
           
             Emanuel
             Loisio
          
           ,
           two
           Portuges
           ,
           to
           stabher
           ;
           but
           all
           this
           was
           so
           seasonably
           discovered
           to
           the
           Queen
           by
           the
           Letters
           that
           were
           sent
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           intercepted
           by
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           all
           three
           taken
           up
           ,
           and
           they
           all
           confessed
           their
           several
           Treasons
           ,
           and
           had
           Sentence
           of
           Death
           sor
           it
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           all
           three
           executed
           for
           it
           ;
           together
           with
           one
           Cullin
           ,
           an
           Irish
           Fencing-Master
           ,
           who
           was
           hired
           by
           the
           Fugitives
           in
           
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           sent
           over
           to
           Murther
           the
           Queen
           ,
           which
           he
           also
           confessed
           .
           And
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           
             Edmund
             York
          
           ,
           and
           
             Richard
             Williams
          
           were
           hired
           by
           
             D.
             Ybarra
          
           ,
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           and
           these
           Fugitives
           ,
           and
           sent
           into
           England
           on
           the
           same
           Errand
           ,
           and
           here
           taken
           up
           .
           When
           the
           Queen
           was
           told
           of
           all
           the
           base
           Conspiracies
           against
           
           her
           Life
           ,
           she
           was
           no
           way
           terrified
           at
           the
           danger
           ,
           tho
           she
           saw
           Henry
           the
           III.
           fall
           by
           their
           Hands
           in
           the
           Year
           1589.
           in
           France
           ;
           but
           repeated
           that
           Passage
           in
           the
           
             Psalms
             ,
             Thou
             art
             my
             God
             ,
             my
             time
             is
             in
             thy
             hand
             ,
          
           (
           Psalm
           31.
           )
           And
           with
           a
           Maseuline
           Courage
           ,
           despising
           all
           their
           Rage
           and
           Baseness
           ,
           she
           took
           great
           care
           of
           her self
           ,
           and
           put
           her
           
           whole
           trust
           in
           God
           :
           For
           the
           rest
           ,
           persisting
           
           to
           her
           dying
           day
           in
           her
           first
           Resolution
           ,
           not
           to
           spare
           one
           of
           these
           Traytors
           that
           fell
           into
           her
           hands
           ,
           as
           she
           at
           first
           told
           them
           in
           a
           Proclamation
           she
           would
           not
           :
           
             And
             this
             is
             the
             true
             way
             of
             dealing
             with
             these
             Implacable
             Monsters
             ,
             who
             are
             neither
             worthy
             of
             Mercy
             ,
             nor
             capable
             of
             Repentance
             .
          
        
         
           This
           Censure
           may
           possibly
           seem
           too
           
           severe
           to
           those
           that
           are
           not
           perfectly
           acquainted
           with
           the
           Principles
           and
           Tempers
           of
           these
           Men
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           to
           confirm
           it
           with
           an
           Example
           :
           
             William
             Parry
          
           ,
           mention'd
           above
           ,
           was
           employed
           by
           the
           Jesuits
           to
           murther
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           they
           had
           thoroughly
           pèrswaded
           him
           ,
           
             That
             there
             was
             nothing
             more
             Glorious
             than
             to
             die
             for
             the
             service
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             and
             that
             he
             would
             be
             reputed
             a
             Martyr
             ,
             if
             he
             could
             extirpate
             her
             who
             was
             the
             Favourer
             of
             Heresie
             ,
             and
             the
             Enemy
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           To
           this
           End
           he
           came
           into
           England
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1583.
           
           And
           to
           insinuate
           himself
           into
           the
           Queen's
           Favour
           (
           whose
           Servant
           he
           had
           formerly
           been
           )
           and
           to
           obtain
           her
           belief
           ,
           he
           freely
           and
           openly
           told
           her
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           been
           solicited
           to
           
           Murther
           her
           ,
           by
           Morgan
           and
           other
           Fugitive
           Priests
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           ;
           
             Pretending
             that
             he
             had
             entred
             into
             a
             Familiarity
             with
             them
             to
             no
             other
             end
             ,
             than
             to
             discover
             their
             secret
             Designs
             against
             her
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             care
             of
             her
             Safety
             ,
          
           to
           whom
           he
           owed
           his
           Life
           ;
           she
           having
           pardoned
           him
           when
           he
           had
           forfeited
           it
           to
           Justice
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1580.
           
           The
           Queen
           heard
           all
           this
           Story
           with
           an
           unconcerned
           Courage
           ,
           and
           told
           him
           ,
           
             That
             none
             of
             the
             Catholicks
             should
             be
             called
             in
             question
             on
             account
             of
             his
             Religion
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             Pope's
             pretended
             Supremacy
             ,
             if
             they
             behaved
             themselves
             in
             all
             other
             things
             like
             good
             Subjects
             .
          
           Which
           words
           he
           afterwards
           confessed
           made
           such
           an
           impression
           on
           his
           mind
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           forget
           them
           :
           And
           after
           this
           he
           was
           so
           much
           in
           her
           good
           opinion
           ,
           that
           he
           solicited
           for
           an
           Employment
           ;
           but
           receiving
           a
           Letter
           from
           the
           
             Cardinal
             of
          
           Coma
           ,
           
             wherein
             he
             commended
             the
             Design
             he
             was
             engaged
             in
             ,
          
           (
           saith
           he
           )
           
             and
             sending
             him
             an
             Absolution
          
           
           
             in
             the
             Pope's
             Name
             ;
             tho
             he
             shewed
             the
             Letter
             to
             the
             Queen
             ,
             yet
             he
             persisted
             in
             his
             Resolution
             to
             Assassinate
             her
             ;
             and
             from
             thenceforward
             had
             no
             scruple
             in
             his
             mind
             concerning
             the
             Lawfulness
             of
             the
             Fact.
             But
             then
             he
             pretended
             he
             was
             resolved
             first
          
           
           
             to
             try
             if
             he
             could
             perswade
             her
             by
             fair
             means
             to
             use
             the
             Catholicks
             more
             favourably
             :
             And
             when
             at
             any
             time
             he
             went
             to
             the
             Queen
             ,
             he
             would
             lay
             by
             his
             Dagger
             ,
             for
             fear
             the
             Opportunity
             should
             be
             too
             strong
             a
             Temptation
             to
             him
             .
             When
             he
             looked
             upon
             her
             ,
             and
             considered
             her
             Royal
             Virtues
             ,
             he
             confessed
             he
             was
             staggered
             in
             his
             mind
             :
          
           But
           his
           Vows
           were
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           his
           Letters
           and
           Promises
           on
           Earth
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           do
           it
           ;
           
             and
             this
             perpetually
             disquieted
             him
             ,
             and
             put
             him
             on
             .
             At
             last
             he
             fell
             upon
             a
             Book
             written
             by
          
           Alan
           
             a
             Jesuit
             ,
             to
             prove
          
           ,
           That
           Princes
           that
           were
           Excommunicated
           ,
           might
           be
           Deposed
           or
           Slain
           ;
           
             and
             this
             Book
             was
             a
             strong
             Motive
             to
             him
             to
             go
             on
             with
             the
             Treason
             .
             And
             he
             communicated
             it
             to
          
           Nevil
           ,
           (
           who
           afterwards
           Accused
           him
           )
           ;
           
             and
             they
             two
             having
             taken
             an
             Oath
             of
             Secrefse
             each
             to
             other
             ,
             formed
             a
             Design
             to
             set
             upon
             her
             with
             Ten
             Horsemen
             when
             she
             was
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             so
             Murther
             her
             .
          
           They
           could
           ,
           however
           ,
           never
           find
           the
           opportunity
           ;
           
             and
             about
             six
             months
             after
             this
             the
             Earl
             of
          
           Westmorland
           
             dying
             ,
             and
          
           Nevil
           
             being
             his
             next
             Heir
             ,
             he
             discovered
          
           
           
             to
             Secretary
          
           Walsingham
           
             this
             Conspiracy
          
           .
           By
           the
           Queen's
           Order
           he
           sent
           for
           Parry
           ,
           and
           asked
           him
           ,
           
             If
             he
             had
             had
          
           
           
             any
             Treaty
             with
             any
             Dissatisfied
             or
             Suspected
             person
          
           ;
           opening
           him
           a
           door
           for
           his
           Escape
           ;
           but
           he
           plainly
           denied
           he
           ever
           had
           ;
           for
           if
           he
           had
           confessed
           it
           ,
           and
           said
           he
           did
           it
           to
           try
           Nevil
           ,
           he
           had
           without
           doubt
           escaped
           ;
           but
           the
           Crime
           he
           had
           resolved
           upon
           ,
           had
           blinded
           his
           eyes
           so
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           see
           it
           :
           Nay
           ,
           he
           had
           the
           Impudence
           to
           say
           ,
           That
           tho
           the
           Queen
           had
           twice
           spared
           his
           Life
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           not
           beholden
           to
           her
           for
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           had
           been
           unjust
           to
           have
           taken
           it
           .
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           this
           Narrative
           is
           extracted
           from
           his
           own
           Confession
           before
           the
           Lord
           Chancellor
           Hatton
           ,
           and
           others
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           doubt
           of
           the
           Truth
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           This
           her
           Severity
           to
           them
           struck
           a
           
           great
           Terror
           into
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           English
           Papists
           ,
           when
           they
           every
           where
           saw
           the
           Heads
           and
           Quarters
           of
           their
           Party
           exposed
           to
           the
           publick
           view
           ,
           but
           nothing
           could
           cure
           or
           appease
           their
           festered
           Malice
           .
           Her
           Majesty
           and
           Presence
           ,
           we
           see
           ,
           was
           able
           to
           excite
           the
           Admiration
           ,
           and
           her
           undaunted
           Valour
           to
           terrifie
           this
           Cut-throat
           ,
           as
           he
           confessed
           ;
           but
           tho
           she
           charmed
           his
           hands
           ,
           yet
           neither
           was
           her
           Mercy
           or
           Goodness
           
           able
           to
           melt
           his
           hardned
           heart
           ;
           nor
           was
           her
           Severity
           towards
           him
           and
           other
           such
           Miscreants
           ,
           sufficient
           to
           mitigate
           the
           enraged
           Malice
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Jesuits
           and
           Popish
           Villains
           ,
           but
           they
           still
           went
           on
           with
           their
           Hellish
           Designs
           to
           destroy
           her
           .
           But
           when
           all
           was
           done
           ,
           the
           Goodness
           of
           God
           watched
           over
           her
           to
           preserve
           her
           ,
           and
           frustrated
           all
           the
           Designs
           of
           wicked
           men
           against
           her
           :
           and
           without
           this
           ,
           all
           the
           wise
           Counsel
           of
           Burleigh
           and
           Walsingham
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           her
           Servants
           would
           have
           signified
           nothing
           .
           We
           may
           see
           Henry
           the
           
           IIId
           .
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           his
           Successor
           ,
           tho
           they
           both
           professed
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           were
           Assassinated
           in
           the
           day
           time
           ,
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           their
           Servants
           and
           Friends
           ,
           by
           these
           Religious
           Villains
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           not
           possible
           they
           that
           did
           it
           could
           escape
           ;
           and
           yet
           this
           Queen
           ,
           who
           was
           more
           hated
           than
           either
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           less
           able
           to
           defend
           her self
           ,
           in
           the
           spite
           of
           all
           their
           Malice
           Reigned
           above
           Forty
           four
           years
           ,
           and
           died
           in
           Peace
           .
           And
           it
           is
           worth
           the
           observing
           ,
           That
           in
           all
           the
           times
           since
           the
           Reformation
           began
           ,
           which
           is
           now
           One
           hundred
           seventy
           five
           years
           ,
           though
           they
           have
           been
           engaged
           in
           endless
           Plots
           
           against
           the
           Protestant
           Princes
           ,
           yet
           they
           
           have
           been
           so
           far
           disappointed
           by
           the
           special
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           I
           do
           not
           know
           of
           any
           Prince
           they
           have
           been
           able
           to
           Assassinate
           ,
           but
           Willian
           the
           First
           ,
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ;
           and
           him
           they
           attempted
           twice
           before
           it
           succeeded
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1567.
           there
           broke
           out
           a
           
           second
           Civil
           War
           in
           France
           ,
           on
           the
           score
           of
           Religion
           ,
           which
           filled
           that
           once
           most
           flourishing
           Kingdom
           with
           Factions
           and
           Seditions
           ,
           and
           strangely
           exagitated
           the
           Towns
           and
           great
           Cities
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           people
           of
           France
           ran
           upon
           each
           other
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           divided
           and
           set
           on
           by
           a
           Divine
           Judgment
           .
           
             Catherine
             de
             Medicis
          
           ,
           the
           Queen
           Dowager
           of
           France
           ,
           had
           then
           assumed
           the
           Supreme
           Government
           ,
           as
           Guardian
           to
           CharlesIX
           .
           herSon
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           a
           Minor
           :
           She
           and
           her
           Council
           were
           contriving
           by
           all
           the
           ways
           that
           were
           possible
           ,
           to
           suppress
           the
           Protestants
           of
           France
           ,
           which
           grew
           numerous
           during
           the
           Minority
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           Favour
           and
           Protection
           of
           the
           last
           Treaty
           ;
           to
           this
           end
           they
           had
           ordered
           some
           men
           to
           be
           Levied
           in
           Champagne
           ,
           and
           had
           sent
           for
           Six
           thousand
           Swiss
           :
           
           The
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           and
           Coligny
           ,
           observing
           these
           Preparations
           ,
           concluded
           they
           were
           made
           against
           them
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           begin
           first
           ;
           and
           they
           formed
           a
           Design
           to
           surprize
           the
           King
           and
           the
           Queen-Mother
           at
           Meaux
           ;
           but
           she
           being
           informed
           of
           it
           ,
           withdrew
           in
           the
           night
           time
           towards
           Paris
           ;
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           being
           thus
           disappointed
           ,
           followed
           them
           to
           Paris
           ,
           and
           Besieged
           that
           City
           ,
           which
           being
           reduced
           to
           some
           streights
           ,
           there
           followed
           a
           Fight
           at
           St.
           Dennis
           ,
           in
           which
           Montmorancy
           was
           slain
           ,
           but
           the
           Protestants
           were
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           Field
           ;
           and
           they
           fell
           next
           upon
           Chartres
           ,
           which
           they
           besieged
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           thereupon
           ordered
           her
           Ambassador
           Norris
           to
           interpose
           between
           the
           Parties
           ,
           and
           bring
           them
           to
           a
           Peace
           ,
           as
           he
           did
           ,
           
             but
             it
             was
             short
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             Insincerity
             and
             Treachery
             .
          
           The
           Queen-Mother
           of
           France
           was
           now
           so
           afraid
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           that
           to
           prevent
           her
           sending
           Succours
           to
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           she
           caused
           a
           Marriage
           to
           be
           proposed
           between
           her
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Anjou
           her
           Second
           Son
           ,
           who
           was
           afterwards
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Henry
           III.
           and
           was
           now
           about
           Seventeen
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           but
           this
           Treaty
           ended
           
           with
           the
           Peace
           ,
           for
           the
           procuring
           of
           which
           it
           was
           began
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1568.
           the
           War
           broke
           
           out
           again
           ,
           by
           the
           Perfidy
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           ,
           who
           had
           now
           joined
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           by
           a
           Treaty
           made
           in
           a
           clandestine
           manner
           at
           Baionne
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1565.
           
             for
             the
             Extirpating
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             in
          
           France
           and
           Flanders
           ,
           
             and
             the
             mutual
             assisting
             each
             other
             to
             that
             purpose
             .
          
           And
           the
           Duke
           
             de
             Alva
          
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Governor
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           had
           Orders
           to
           join
           with
           the
           Guises
           in
           this
           Religious
           work
           ;
           and
           tho
           the
           King
           of
           France
           had
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           year
           promised
           them
           of
           that
           Persuasion
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           yet
           he
           soon
           after
           put
           out
           an
           Edict
           to
           forbid
           all
           publick
           Exercise
           of
           any
           other
           Religion
           in
           France
           but
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           ;
           and
           commanding
           all
           the
           Protestant
           Ministers
           to
           depart
           out
           of
           France
           within
           a
           certain
           time
           .
           This
           was
           followed
           by
           a
           severe
           Prosecution
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           places
           they
           were
           Assassinated
           or
           Robbed
           ,
           and
           all
           France
           was
           thereupon
           in
           Arms
           :
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ordered
           her
           Ambassador
           to
           use
           all
           his
           Endeavours
           to
           procure
           a
           solid
           and
           a
           sincere
           Peace
           ,
           shewing
           the
           
           King
           ,
           the
           
             Methods
             prop●…sed
             would
             only
             serve
             to
             exasperate
             the
             minds
             of
             his
             People
             ,
             and
             deprive
             him
             of
             the
             Service
             of
             his
             most
             faithful
             Subjects
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             Forces
             of
          
           France
           
             being
             diminished
             with
             his
             People
             ,
             his
             Kingdom
             would
             be
             exposed
             to
             the
             Violence
             of
             its
             Enemies
             :
          
           A
           Consideration
           which
           Lewis
           the
           XIVth
           .
           may
           have
           reason
           one
           day
           to
           think
           more
           seriously
           of
           :
           But
           now
           it
           was
           rejected
           ,
           and
           the
           young
           King
           of
           France
           sent
           into
           Spain
           to
           borrow
           Money
           ,
           and
           into
           Germany
           and
           Italy
           to
           raise
           Auxiliary
           Forces
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           War
           :
           Whereupon
           the
           Queen
           resolved
           not
           to
           be
           wanting
           to
           the
           common
           Protestant
           Interest
           (
           which
           was
           now
           plainly
           struck
           at
           )
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           French
           Protestants
           assuring
           her
           ,
           
             That
             they
             had
             not
             taken
             up
             Arms
             against
             the
             King's
             Authority
             ,
             but
             for
             their
             own
             sale
             Defence
             ,
          
           she
           sent
           them
           One
           
           hundred
           thousand
           Crowns
           in
           Money
           ,
           and
           great
           Stores
           of
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           entertained
           all
           the
           French
           that
           fled
           into
           England
           ,
           with
           great
           Humanity
           .
           It
           is
           worth
           the
           observing
           here
           ,
           the
           Wild
           Notions
           of
           
             Passive
             Obedience
          
           ,
           which
           have
           been
           since
           set
           on
           foot
           ,
           were
           not
           in
           being
           in
           these
           times
           ,
           the
           Queen
           desiring
           no
           other
           Security
           or
           Justification
           ,
           
           than
           this
           Protestation
           ,
           which
           being
           
           joined
           with
           her
           own
           knowledg
           of
           the
           Designs
           of
           the
           Guises
           ,
           was
           then
           thought
           sufficient
           to
           warrant
           a
           Defensive
           War
           ,
           when
           nothing
           less
           than
           the
           Extirpation
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           was
           intended
           .
           She
           did
           not
           think
           these
           Subjects
           of
           France
           were
           obliged
           to
           submit
           to
           an
           Extirpation
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           the
           Will
           of
           their
           Monarch
           to
           have
           it
           so
           ;
           nor
           that
           she
           Assisted
           Rebels
           and
           Traytors
           against
           their
           Lawful
           Prince
           ,
           when
           she
           undertook
           the
           Defence
           of
           those
           of
           her
           own
           Religion
           against
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           who
           contrary
           to
           all
           Faith
           and
           Humanity
           ,
           had
           designed
           the
           Destruction
           of
           those
           he
           was
           bound
           and
           had
           promised
           to
           protect
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           of
           France
           seeing
           by
           this
           time
           a
           destructive
           War
           would
           follow
           ,
           
           to
           distract
           the
           ●…inds
           and
           divide
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           promised
           that
           all
           those
           that
           continued
           quiet
           at
           home
           ,
           should
           be
           tolerated
           ;
           but
           this
           Facility
           ,
           as
           a
           Jesuit
           calls
           it
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           a
           mere
           Treachery
           ,
           had
           no
           effect
           ,
           the
           Perfidy
           of
           it
           was
           palpable
           :
           If
           he
           was
           in
           good
           earnest
           ,
           why
           had
           he
           Revoked
           the
           former
           Edict
           ,
           and
           began
           the
           War
           ?
           Who
           
           could
           reconcile
           these
           two
           contrary
           Edicts
           ,
           That
           they
           should
           and
           should
           not
           be
           tolerated
           at
           one
           and
           the
           same
           time
           ?
           The
           Pope
           to
           promote
           this
           War
           ,
           gave
           the
           King
           leave
           to
           sell
           Church-Lands
           ,
           to
           the
           Value
           of
           50000
           Crowns
           by
           the
           year
           ;
           and
           saith
           the
           same
           Jesuit
           ,
           
             Never
             were
             Church
             Revenues
             better
             employed
             ,
             or
             granted
             away
             upon
             a
             better
             reason
             .
          
           The
           destruction
           of
           Hereticks
           with
           Fire
           and
           Sword
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           Publick
           Faith
           ,
           is
           certainly
           a
           most
           Holy
           Work
           ,
           and
           an
           Excellent
           Subject
           to
           spend
           the
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Church
           on
           .
           The
           next
           year
           the
           Armies
           drew
           into
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           in
           March
           there
           followed
           a
           Fight
           at
           Jarnac
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Prince
           of
           Condé
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           Coligni
           became
           General
           of
           the
           Protestants
           ;
           and
           after
           this
           another
           at
           Moncontour
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Protestants
           lost
           20000
           men
           :
           They
           renewed
           their
           Forces
           ,
           however
           ,
           with
           that
           Alacrity
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           year
           1570
           they
           forced
           the
           King
           ,
           after
           a
           vast
           Expence
           of
           Blood
           and
           Treasure
           ,
           when
           he
           saw
           he
           could
           not
           any
           longer
           continue
           the
           War
           without
           apparent
           Ruin
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           Peace
           on
           the
           same
           terms
           with
           the
           former
           .
           The
           Queen-Mother
           
           was
           the
           Firebrand
           of
           France
           ,
           and
           by
           her
           Dissimulation
           and
           Hypocrisy
           ,
           
           raised
           all
           these
           Combustions
           there
           .
           She
           was
           jealous
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Blood
           ,
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Bourbon
           ,
           who
           were
           become
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Protestants
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           she
           was
           perpetually
           Plotting
           how
           to
           ruin
           them
           ,
           or
           force
           them
           to
           preserve
           themselves
           by
           War.
           The
           King
           of
           Spain
           pushed
           on
           rhe
           Incendiaries
           of
           France
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           securing
           the
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           but
           with
           a
           Design
           at
           the
           bottom
           to
           weaken
           that
           Kingdom
           by
           their
           intestine
           Wars
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           to
           subdue
           it
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           observed
           all
           this
           ,
           and
           saw
           whither
           it
           tended
           ;
           and
           by
           her
           seasonable
           Supplies
           upheld
           the
           Protestant
           Party
           ,
           
           which
           was
           the
           weaker
           ,
           till
           she
           forced
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           to
           see
           its
           Error
           ,
           and
           lay
           aside
           ,
           or
           rather
           change
           their
           destructive
           Methods
           ,
           for
           others
           that
           were
           more
           infamous
           ,
           and
           as
           ineffectual
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           noble
           Kingdom
           of
           France
           was
           desolated
           by
           Fire
           and
           Sword
           ,
           their
           Populous
           Towns
           destroyed
           ,
           their
           Rich
           Churches
           and
           Monasteries
           plunder'd
           ,
           their
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           slain
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           own
           Swords
           ;
           their
           Matrons
           Ravished
           ,
           and
           the
           Children
           Murdered
           in
           the
           Arms
           
           of
           their
           Parents
           ,
           and
           France
           was
           more
           wasted
           by
           this
           War
           in
           her
           bowels
           ,
           than
           by
           all
           the
           Foreign
           Wars
           she
           had
           been
           engaged
           in
           from
           the
           time
           the
           English
           were
           expelled
           ,
           to
           that
           time
           .
           
             Was
             ever
             Church-Treasures
             better
             spent
          
           ?
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           that
           France
           was
           thus
           miserably
           harass'd
           by
           an
           intestine
           
           War
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           as
           busie
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           to
           extirpate
           Heresie
           ,
           as
           they
           pretended
           ,
           but
           in
           truth
           to
           deprive
           those
           Provinces
           ,
           under
           that
           pretence
           ,
           of
           their
           Ancient
           Liberties
           and
           Civil
           Privileges
           ,
           and
           to
           submit
           them
           to
           the
           Servitude
           of
           the
           Insolent
           Spaniards
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           from
           thence
           pass
           on
           to
           the
           Conquest
           of
           England
           and
           France
           ,
           and
           so
           erect
           an
           Universal
           Monarchy
           in
           Europe
           ;
           which
           Design
           they
           had
           Vanity
           enough
           to
           discover
           .
           To
           this
           end
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1564.
           they
           erected
           Seven
           new
           bishopricks
           to
           curb
           that
           people
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1565.
           he
           commanded
           the
           Council
           of
           Trent
           to
           be
           Revived
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Inquisition
           ,
           and
           a
           strict
           observation
           of
           the
           Edicts
           concerning
           Religion
           .
           Upon
           this
           the
           Nobility
           of
           those
           Countries
           ,
           as
           well
           those
           that
           persisted
           
           in
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           as
           those
           that
           were
           well
           inclined
           to
           the
           Reformation
           ,
           seeing
           the
           Liberty
           and
           Riches
           ,
           Trade
           and
           Commerce
           of
           their
           Countrey
           must
           be
           ruined
           ,
           if
           these
           courses
           were
           taken
           ,
           they
           interceded
           with
           Margaret
           the
           King's
           Sister
           ,
           their
           Regent
           ,
           that
           the
           King's
           Letter
           might
           not
           be
           put
           in
           execution
           ;
           but
           she
           went
           on
           ,
           however
           ,
           and
           they
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           stood
           upon
           their
           guard
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           as
           was
           possible
           hindred
           it
           .
           The
           next
           year
           the
           Quarrel
           grew
           higher
           ,
           and
           the
           multitude
           rose
           in
           many
           places
           with
           an
           irresistible
           fury
           ,
           and
           destroyed
           all
           the
           Images
           in
           the
           Churches
           of
           many
           of
           the
           great
           Cities
           ;
           the
           Torrent
           ran
           so
           high
           ,
           and
           was
           so
           impetuous
           ,
           that
           the
           Regent
           was
           forced
           to
           publish
           an
           Edict
           of
           Liberty
           
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           to
           appease
           the
           people
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           being
           not
           able
           by
           any
           other
           means
           to
           secure
           the
           Possession
           of
           these
           Countries
           ;
           but
           so
           soon
           as
           the
           people
           were
           quieted
           ,
           the
           Edict
           was
           recalled
           ;
           which
           they
           owned
           was
           granted
           only
           to
           gain
           time
           to
           send
           for
           Men
           and
           Moneys
           ,
           to
           force
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           to
           submit
           to
           the
           King's
           Will
           ,
           and
           to
           punish
           them
           for
           their
           disobedience
           .
           Yet
           however
           ,
           
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           whilst
           this
           Edict
           was
           observed
           ,
           all
           places
           returned
           to
           the
           former
           state
           of
           Peace
           ,
           and
           Trade
           went
           on
           successfully
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           could
           have
           perswaded
           himself
           to
           have
           complied
           with
           his
           Interest
           in
           this
           Affair
           ,
           he
           and
           his
           Posterity
           had
           continued
           in
           the
           Peaceable
           Possession
           of
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           been
           worth
           the
           owning
           ,
           Rich
           ,
           Populous
           ,
           and
           Potent
           ,
           and
           able
           to
           defend
           themselves
           against
           the
           French.
           But
           by
           pursuing
           contrary
           Methods
           ,
           he
           brought
           a
           War
           upon
           himself
           ,
           which
           wasted
           Spain
           ,
           ruined
           his
           Treasures
           ,
           erected
           a
           part
           of
           these
           Provinces
           into
           an
           Independent
           Commonwealth
           ;
           and
           so
           depopulated
           and
           impoverished
           the
           rest
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           not
           able
           to
           defend
           themselves
           against
           the
           French
           :
           So
           that
           the
           breaking
           this
           Edict
           ,
           proved
           the
           Ruin
           of
           all
           the
           Spanish
           Greatness
           .
        
         
           This
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           ,
           which
           
           was
           extorted
           from
           the
           Regent
           by
           pure
           Force
           and
           Fear
           ,
           being
           sent
           into
           Spain
           to
           be
           confirmed
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           he
           was
           highly
           displeased
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           ordered
           some
           of
           his
           Council
           to
           let
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           and
           Count
           Egmont
           know
           ,
           
             That
             
             if
             they
             or
             either
             of
             them
             had
             opposed
             these
             Insurrections
             with
             that
             Bravery
             they
             had
             shewed
             on
             other
             occasions
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             were
             bound
             in
             Duty
             to
             have
             done
             ,
             things
             could
             never
             have
             been
             brought
             by
             the
             Populace
             into
             the
             state
             they
             were
             now
             in
             :
             That
             if
             yet
             they
             would
             do
             their
             Duty
             without
             mincing
             or
             dissembling
             ,
             absolutely
             ,
             they
             might
             reduce
             things
             into
             the
             former
             state
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             keep
             them
             as
             they
             were
             ,
             till
             the
             King
             could
             come
             thither
             himself
             to
             settle
             them
             .
             That
             it
             was
             the
             Duty
             of
             a
             good
             Subject
             ,
             when
             he
             once
             knew
             his
             Prince's
             Pleasure
             ,
             to
             set
             himself
             roundly
             ,
             (
             without
             considering
             what
             should
             be
             the
             event
             to
             himself
             or
             others
             )
             ,
             to
             put
             the
             same
             in
             execution
             ,
             and
             that
             willingly
             ,
             readily
             ,
             and
             effectually
             ,
             tho
             he
             himself
             were
             of
             a
             contrary
             opinion
             ;
             for
             that
             it
             did
             not
             become
             them
             to
             think
             themselves
             wiser
             than
             their
             Prince
             ,
             since
             they
             were
             his
             Subjects
             and
             Vassals
             .
          
           They
           had
           Advices
           at
           the
           same
           time
           from
           Spain
           ,
           That
           the
           King
           was
           fixedly
           resolved
           to
           oppose
           these
           Grants
           of
           his
           Sister
           the
           Regent
           ,
           both
           to
           prevent
           the
           Example
           as
           to
           his
           other
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           also
           preserve
           the
           Popish
           
           Religion
           in
           these
           .
           And
           they
           were
           informed
           
           
             also
             ,
             that
             under
             the
             pretence
             of
             preserving
             the
             Catholick
             Religion
             in
             the
          
           Netherlands
           ,
           
             there
             was
             a
             Design
             formed
             to
             advance
             the
             King's
             Power
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             were
             not
             displeased
             ai
             Court
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             this
             occasion
             given
             them
             to
             bring
             the
             whole
             under
             ,
             and
             settle
             in
             them
             a
             new
             and
             more
             Absolute
             Form
             of
             Government
             ,
             because
             they
             concluded
             in
          
           Spain
           ,
           
             That
             all
             the
             Obstinacy
             the
             people
             had
             shewn
             ,
             proceeded
             from
             their
             Reliance
             upon
             their
             great
             Freedoms
             and
             Privileges
             .
          
           But
           then
           this
           was
           to
           be
           concealed
           with
           the
           utmost
           care
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           King
           and
           the
           Regent
           to
           delude
           and
           deceive
           them
           ,
           wrote
           the
           kindest
           Letters
           ,
           and
           spoke
           the
           sweetest
           Words
           to
           the
           Confederate
           Lords
           ,
           and
           especially
           to
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           that
           the
           Wit
           of
           man
           could
           invent
           .
           But
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           Regent
           Levied
           Two
           Regiments
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           under
           the
           Earls
           of
           Arenbergh
           and
           M●…em
           ,
           and
           Two
           more
           in
           Germany
           ,
           unde●…
           
             Count
             Philip
          
           of
           Overstein
           ,
           and
           Three
           of
           Walloons
           ,
           and
           a
           German
           Regiment
           of
           Horse
           ,
           under
           Count
           Mansfield
           :
           These
           Forces
           were
           Levied
           in
           distant
           places
           ,
           and
           upon
           different
           pretences
           ,
           and
           brought
           into
           ,
           or
           near
           the
           Provinces
           ;
           
           and
           then
           the
           Regent
           began
           to
           throw
           off
           her
           Mask
           by
           degrees
           ;
           
             And
             she
             ordered
          
           
           
             the
             Protestant
             Meetings
             and
             Sermons
             in
             many
             places
             to
             be
             disturbed
             ,
             pretending
             they
             were
             not
             kept
             just
             in
             the
             same
             place
             that
             they
             were
             at
             first
             allowed
             .
             And
             after
             ,
             she
             went
             on
             and
             seized
             on
             and
             imprisoned
             some
             of
             the
             Preachers
             on
             the
             same
             pretence
             ;
             and
             she
             hanged
             one
             of
             them
             near
             AELEST
             .
          
           And
           when
           complaint
           was
           made
           of
           these
           Proceedings
           to
           the
           Regent
           ,
           she
           would
           sometimes
           say
           ,
           
             Her
             Consent
             was
             not
             free
             ,
             but
             extorted
             from
             her
             by
             fear
             ,
             and
             therefore
             she
             was
             not
             bound
             to
             keep
             her
             Promise
             .
          
           And
           at
           other
           times
           she
           would
           say
           ,
           
             She
             promised
             them
             a
             Liberty
             to
             Preach
             ,
             but
             she
             never
             meant
             they
             should
             Marry
             ,
             Bury
             ,
             Baptize
             ,
             Administer
             the
             Lord's
             Supper
             ,
             and
             hold
             Consistories
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             .
          
        
         
           When
           the
           Regent
           saw
           her
           Forces
           at
           
           hand
           ,
           she
           wrote
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Valentiennes
           to
           receive
           a
           Garison
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1566
           ,
           because
           that
           City
           was
           more
           inclined
           to
           embrace
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ,
           than
           any
           of
           the
           rest
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           and
           had
           rescued
           some
           that
           were
           condemned
           to
           be
           burnt
           for
           Heresie
           heretofore
           ,
           and
           also
           because
           it
           was
           
           near●…r
           to
           France
           ,
           and
           so
           more
           suspected
           .
           They
           refused
           to
           comply
           with
           this
           Command
           ,
           alledging
           many
           Reasons
           and
           Privileges
           to
           the
           contrary
           ;
           and
           were
           thereupon
           proclaimed
           Rebels
           the
           14th
           .
           of
           December
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           all
           means
           good
           and
           bad
           were
           used
           to
           prevent
           the
           exercise
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ;
           which
           had
           its
           effect
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           but
           
             Amsterdam
             ,
             Antwerp
             ,
             Sherlogen-bosk
             ,
             Maestricht
             ,
             Utrecht
             ,
          
           and
           Ghent
           ;
           for
           these
           Cities
           still
           upheld
           it
           .
           These
           Proceedings
           alarm'd
           the
           Cities
           of
           Flanders
           ;
           and
           Antwerp
           sent
           a
           Committee
           of
           the
           principal
           Inhabitants
           to
           consult
           with
           the
           Deputies
           of
           the
           Cities
           in
           Brabant
           ,
           
           who
           all
           joined
           in
           a
           Petition
           to
           the
           
             Regent
             ,
             That
             there
             might
             be
             a
             General
             Assembly
             of
             the
             States
             ,
             to
             take
             present
             order
             concerning
             the
             business
             of
             Religion
             ,
             by
             provision
             ,
             That
             then
             new
             Orders
             might
             be
             therein
             made
             for
             the
             preserving
             the
             true
             Christian
             Religion
             ,
             the
             Authority
             and
             Majesty
             of
             their
             King
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             promoting
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             these
             Provinces
             :
             That
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             assurance
             should
             be
             given
             to
             those
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             That
             they
             should
             not
             be
             molested
             or
             disquieted
             during
             this
             Suspension
             :
             That
             after
             the
             said
             States
             have
             resolved
          
           
           
             with
             the
             King
             how
             they
             will
             settle
             these
             things
             ,
             those
             that
             were
             not
             satisfied
             with
             their
             Orders
             ,
             might
             have
             some
             Months
             time
             given
             them
             to
             retire
             in
             ,
             whither
             they
             pleased
             ;
             and
             those
             that
             would
             submit
             ,
             should
             have
             a
             general
             Pardon
             granted
             them
             .
          
           This
           reasonable
           Request
           was
           very
           little
           debated
           ,
           because
           they
           of
           the
           Council
           knew
           the
           King's
           mind
           ;
           but
           was
           altogether
           rejected
           .
           The
           principal
           Nobility
           of
           these
           Countries
           thereupon
           met
           at
           Dermond●…
           :
           And
           here
           was
           read
           the
           Letter
           written
           by
           the
           Lord
           Montigni
           ,
           giving
           an
           account
           how
           much
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           resented
           the
           present
           state
           of
           Affairs
           in
           the
           Low·Countries
           :
           And
           there
           was
           also
           read
           a
           Letter
           written
           by
           
             Francis
             Davala
          
           ,
           the
           
             Spanish
             Ambassador
          
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           France
           ,
           to
           the
           Regent
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           the
           29th
           .
           of
           Au●…ust
           ,
           
           1566.
           which
           was
           intercepted
           ;
           
             wherein
             he
             endeavoured
             to
             confirm
             her
             Highness
             in
             her
             opinion
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             Calamities
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             sprang
             from
             the
             Triumvirate
             ,
             (
             meaning
             the
             
               Prince
               of
               Orange
               ,
               and
               the
               Counts
               of
               Egmont
               and
               Hoorne
               )
               :
            
             That
             it
             was
             fit
             nevertheless
             to
             shew
             these
             all
             the
             respect
             that
             was
             possible
             ;
             and
             to
             tell
             them
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             owned
             the
             preserving
             
             those
             Countries
             to
             have
             been
             the
             effect
             of
             their
             Loyalty
             and
             good
             Service
             :
             But
             yet
             when
             time
             served
             he
             would
             punish
             them
             :
             And
             also
             the
             two
             Lords
             that
             were
             now
             in
             Spain
             ,
             who
             should
             be
             kept
             there
             still
             to
             that
             purpose
             ,
             with
             Counsellor
             Rennert
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             King
             had
             sworn
             at
             Madrid
             ,
          
           That
           he
           saw
           well
           that
           what
           had
           happened
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           was
           not
           only
           prejudicial
           to
           his
           Honour
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           the
           Service
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           touched
           him
           so
           near
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           losing
           all
           the
           Dominions
           he
           had
           ,
           rather
           than
           not
           chastise
           this
           Rebellion
           exemplarily
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           all
           Christendom
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           would
           go
           thither
           in
           Person
           ,
           and
           send
           to
           the
           Emperor
           and
           the
           Pope
           for
           Assistance
           .
           
             That
             his
             Majesty
             would
             certainly
             reap
             great
             Advantages
             from
             the
             ill
             things
             that
             had
             been
             done
             ;
             and
             expected
             to
             see
             those
             Countries
             brought
             under
             his
             Absolute
             Command
             ;
             and
             to
             settle
             after
             this
             ,
             both
             the
             Religion
             and
             the
             Civil
             Government
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             ;
             which
             the
             King
             could
             never
             have
             done
             ,
             if
             these
             things
             had
             not
             hapned
             .
             That
             the
             King
             had
             desired
             this
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             and
             they
             had
             now
             given
             him
             
             means
             to
             bring
             them
             under
             as
             to
             the
             Civil
             State
             ,
             and
             to
             quiet
             them
             as
             to
             the
             matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             .
          
        
         
           Thus
           the
           Crafty
           Spaniard
           made
           up
           
           his
           reckoning
           without
           his
           host
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           end
           found
           himself
           deceived
           .
           The
           Nobility
           were
           never
           able
           ,
           howev●…r
           ,
           to
           come
           to
           any
           Resolve
           ,
           because
           Count
           Egmont
           was
           resolved
           to
           throw
           himself
           upon
           the
           King's
           Mercy
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           durst
           not
           undertake
           to
           Head
           the
           Leaguers
           against
           so
           Potent
           and
           Implacable
           a
           Prince
           as
           Philip
           the
           IId
           .
           was
           then
           :
           So
           this
           Discovery
           terrified
           and
           divided
           ,
           instead
           of
           uniting
           them
           :
           And
           
           the
           City
           of
           Valenciens
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           defended
           it self
           very
           resolutely
           ,
           from
           the
           14th
           .
           of
           December
           to
           the
           24th
           .
           of
           March
           ,
           and
           then
           was
           forced
           to
           submit
           to
           Mercy
           :
           Norcarmes
           ,
           the
           General
           for
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           thereupon
           hanged
           up
           their
           Ministers
           ,
           and
           about
           Two
           hundred
           of
           the
           best
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Regent
           forced
           or
           perswaded
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Nobility
           to
           take
           an
           Oath
           to
           maintain
           the
           
             Roman-Catholick
             Religion
          
           ;
           but
           yet
           the
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           and
           some
           few
           others
           ,
           refused
           
           it
           ,
           and
           retired
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           she
           fell
           to
           shut
           up
           all
           the
           Protestant
           Meeting-Houses
           ,
           and
           opened
           the
           Popish
           Churches
           ,
           furnishing
           them
           splendidly
           with
           new
           Images
           ,
           and
           other
           such-like
           Necessaries
           ;
           and
           they
           hanged
           up
           the
           contrary
           Party
           by
           whole-sale
           ,
           fifty
           or
           an
           hundred
           in
           a
           place
           ,
           some
           for
           pulling
           down
           their
           Images
           ,
           and
           others
           for
           bearing
           Arms
           against
           the
           Government
           :
           And
           in
           some
           of
           the
           greater
           Cities
           they
           
           hanged
           up
           two
           ,
           three
           ,
           or
           four
           hundred
           men
           ,
           making
           Gallows
           of
           the
           Timber
           of
           their
           Meeting
           Houses
           Upon
           this
           many
           thousands
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           these
           Countries
           retired
           ,
           some
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           others
           into
           Germany
           ;
           so
           that
           by
           the
           beginning
           of
           May
           ,
           1567.
           the
           Regent
           was
           intirely
           Mistress
           of
           all
           the
           Seventeen
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           not
           the
           least
           opposition
           any
           where
           made
           to
           whatsoever
           she
           was
           pleased
           to
           order
           .
           Yet
           the
           King
           was
           never
           the
           more
           appeased
           ;
           but
           so
           soon
           as
           he
           heard
           the
           Inhabitants
           were
           mastered
           and
           brought
           under
           ,
           he
           put
           John
           Marquess
           of
           
             Bergen
             ap
             Zoom
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Marquess
           
             Van
             Montigni
          
           ,
           two
           Flandrian
           Noblemen
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           Roman
           Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           who
           went
           into
           Spain
           to
           inform
           him
           of
           the
           
           state
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           to
           induce
           him
           to
           shew
           pity
           to
           his
           good
           Subjects
           ,
           into
           Prison
           ;
           where
           they
           both
           perished
           ,
           by
           what
           means
           was
           not
           known
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           he
           seized
           both
           their
           Estates
           .
           In
           truth
           ,
           after
           long
           consultation
           it
           was
           resolved
           ,
           
             That
             the
             first
             L●…gal
             Pretence
             that
             should
             be
             offered
             ,
             should
             be
             taken
             to
             bridle
             these
             provinces
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             so
             be
             brought
             into
             the
             new
             form
             of
             Conquered
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             be
             put
             under
             other
             Laws
             :
             They
             pretended
             also
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             impossible
             without
             this
             to
             keep
             these
             Countries
             in
             the
          
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           ,
           
             because
             they
             were
             on
             all
             sides
             surrounded
             with
             Heretick
             Countries
             ,
             and
             relied
             very
             much
             upon
             their
             Civil
             Privileges
             and
             Liberties
             ;
             and
             this
             reason
             was
             very
             much
             pressed
             upon
             the
             King's
             Conscience
             by
             the
             Fathers
             of
             the
             Inquisition
             .
          
           So
           that
           these
           Countries
           were
           doom'd
           to
           Slavery
           and
           Oppression
           ,
           as
           the
           only
           means
           to
           preserve
           Popery
           ,
           which
           can
           never
           thrive
           in
           a
           free
           enlightned
           Countrey
           :
           And
           their
           case
           was
           perfectly
           like
           ours
           ;
           for
           we
           too
           of
           late
           were
           to
           be
           Conquered
           ,
           and
           our
           Laws
           changed
           for
           the
           same
           end
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           observed
           with
           great
           wonder
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           That
           when
           they
           took
           so
           
           many
           ,
           and
           punished
           so
           severely
           those
           
           that
           had
           pull'd
           down
           and
           destroy'd
           the
           Images
           ,
           there
           was
           not
           one
           of
           them
           to
           be
           found
           ,
           that
           would
           confess
           that
           they
           had
           been
           put
           upon
           this
           ,
           or
           persuaded
           to
           it
           ,
           by
           those
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           ;
           but
           they
           all
           said
           it
           proceeded
           
             from
             an
             Impulse
             upon
             th●…ir
             minds
             ,
             of
             which
             they
             could
             give
             no
             account
             :
          
           But
           however
           ,
           in
           Spain
           it
           was
           resolved
           to
           take
           the
           opportunity
           
           of
           these
           Troubles
           ,
           to
           bring
           under
           and
           subdue
           all
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           to
           deprive
           them
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Punishment
           ,
           of
           all
           their
           Privileges
           and
           Liberties
           ;
           and
           altho
           all
           was
           quiet
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           year
           1567
           ,
           yet
           they
           were
           not
           satisfied
           with
           the
           Punishment
           of
           the
           particular
           persons
           that
           had
           offended
           ,
           but
           resolved
           to
           extend
           their
           Revenge
           to
           all
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           to
           those
           of
           their
           own
           Religion
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           their
           Opposers
           :
           And
           to
           fulfil
           this
           Bloody
           Tyrannical
           
           Resolution
           ,
           the
           
             Duke
             d'
             Alva
          
           was
           chosen
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           great
           Experience
           in
           Warlike
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           well
           acquainted
           with
           these
           Countries
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           merciless
           violent
           Temper
           .
           The
           
             Inquisition
             and
             Clergy
             of
             Spain
          
           opened
           their
           Treasures
           ,
           and
           furnished
           the
           King
           liberally
           with
           Money
           also
           ,
           for
           they
           looked
           upon
           
           this
           as
           an
           
             Holy
             War
          
           ,
           and
           hoped
           to
           make
           it
           the
           dawning
           to
           a
           general
           Destruction
           of
           the
           Protestants
           .
           This
           Duke
           arrived
           at
           Brussels
           the
           22d
           .
           of
           August
           ,
           
           1567.
           with
           8678
           Spanish
           and
           Italian
           Foot
           ,
           and
           1600
           Horse
           ;
           and
           12000
           German
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ;
           tho
           all
           was
           quiet
           ,
           and
           no
           opposition
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           if
           they
           he
           brought
           with
           him
           did
           not
           cause
           it
           :
           He
           concealed
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Commission
           ;
           yet
           what
           he
           produced
           of
           it
           ,
           went
           very
           much
           beyond
           that
           which
           had
           been
           given
           to
           the
           Regent
           that
           now
           was
           recalled
           and
           discharged
           of
           the
           Government
           .
           The
           Duke
           usurped
           presently
           an
           
             Absolute
             and
             Uncontroulable
             Authority
          
           ;
           and
           having
           appointed
           a
           Council
           
           of
           Twelve
           
             Bloody
             Men
          
           ,
           he
           disposed
           of
           the
           Lives
           and
           Fortunes
           of
           the
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           of
           all
           States
           and
           Conditions
           ,
           contrary
           to
           their
           Laws
           ,
           without
           any
           Appeal
           ,
           Reformation
           ,
           or
           Revision
           of
           his
           Sentence
           .
           He
           proceeded
           to
           that
           height
           of
           Cruelty
           and
           Tyranny
           ,
           that
           Nine
           of
           the
           Twelve
           left
           the
           Council
           out
           of
           pure
           shame
           ,
           and
           went
           home
           :
           
             For
             he
             had
             obtained
             from
             the
             King
             before
             he
             came
             thither
             ,
             a
             Full
             ,
             Absolute
             ,
             Sovereign
             Authority
             ,
             which
             was
             not
             bounded
             by
             any
             L●…ws
             or
             Instructions
             ,
          
           
           
             and
             was
             not
             to
             be
             contradicted
             by
             any
             body
             :
          
           Which
           was
           contrary
           to
           all
           the
           Laws
           of
           that
           people
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           King's
           Oath
           and
           Promise
           ;
           but
           he
           relied
           upon
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           at
           all
           concerned
           what
           men
           thought
           or
           said
           of
           him
           .
           Amongst
           the
           Eighteen
           Rules
           which
           the
           
             Council
             of
             Blood
          
           prescribed
           to
           themselves
           to
           judge
           by
           ,
           these
           were
           some
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             All
             Petitions
             made
             by
             the
             States
             ,
          
           
           
             Cities
             ,
             or
             Nobility
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             against
             the
             New
             Bishops
             and
             the
             Inquisition
             ,
             or
             to
             have
             any
             of
             the
          
           Placaets
           
             made
             by
             the
             King
             or
             Council
             moderated
             ,
             were
             Conspiracies
             against
             God
             and
             the
             King.
             
          
        
         
           2.
           
           
             That
             all
             the
             Lords
             ,
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             Governors
             ,
             that
             had
             not
             appeared
             against
             the
             Petitions
             ,
             Preachings
             ,
             and
             breaking
             down
             of
             Images
             ,
             are
             guilty
             of
             the
             same
             Crime
             ,
             tho
             they
             appeared
             discontented
             at
             them
             ,
             and
             ashamed
             .
          
        
         
           3.
           
           
             And
             all
             those
             that
             took
             the
             Proceedings
             of
             this
             Court
             for
             Tyrannical
             ,
             Unjust
             ,
             or
             Illegal
             .
          
        
         
           The
           First
           this
           Council
           began
           with
           ,
           
           was
           
             Count
             Egmont
          
           ,
           the
           
             Count
             Van
             Hoorne
          
           ,
           and
           
             Anthony
             Van
             Straten
             ,
             Burgomaster
             of
             Antwerp
             ,
          
           who
           were
           treacherously
           
           summoned
           to
           a
           great
           Council
           ,
           and
           there
           Arrested
           by
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           
             Duke
             d'
             Alv●…
          
           ,
           the
           9th
           .
           of
           September
           ,
           1567.
           which
           put
           the
           Countrey
           into
           such
           an
           affright
           ,
           that
           all
           degrees
           of
           men
           fled
           into
           all
           the
           Neighbour
           Countries
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           they
           went
           on
           ,
           and
           filled
           the
           Prisons
           with
           the
           remainder
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           they
           hapned
           to
           take
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           observed
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           before-hand
           taken
           good
           care
           to
           Repair
           ,
           Strengthen
           ,
           and
           enlarge
           these
           places
           ;
           yet
           in
           some
           places
           they
           were
           broken
           up
           ,
           and
           the
           Prisoners
           discharged
           by
           Force
           .
           Having
           spent
           the
           rest
           of
           this
           year
           in
           Ruining
           and
           Attainting
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           they
           in
           the
           year
           1568.
           began
           to
           Persecute
           the
           meaner
           sort
           of
           people
           ,
           citing
           
           Thirty
           ,
           Forty
           ,
           or
           Fifty
           at
           a
           time
           ,
           out
           of
           every
           City
           in
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           to
           appear
           before
           this
           Council
           ;
           and
           upon
           their
           not
           appearing
           ,
           (
           as
           none
           but
           the
           Imprisoned
           durst
           )
           ,
           they
           seized
           upon
           their
           Estates
           ,
           and
           confiscated
           their
           Goods
           to
           the
           King's
           use
           :
           Thus
           they
           dealt
           with
           the
           Rich
           ;
           but
           as
           for
           the
           poorer
           people
           ,
           they
           took
           them
           up
           and
           hang'd
           them
           ,
           without
           any
           more
           Ceremony
           .
           They
           pretended
           by
           this
           Violence
           to
           enrich
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           the
           Romish
           
           Religion
           ;
           but
           they
           frighted
           away
           the
           people
           ,
           alienated
           their
           hearts
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           drove
           many
           
             Roman
             Catholicks
          
           into
           Protestant
           Countries
           ,
           where
           they
           embraced
           that
           Religion
           they
           had
           only
           a
           moderate
           opinion
           of
           before
           .
           To
           remedy
           a
           part
           of
           these
           Inconveniencies
           ,
           they
           published
           an
           Order
           ,
           That
           whosoever
           harboured
           or
           assisted
           any
           person
           that
           was
           fled
           ,
           or
           held
           any
           Correspondence
           by
           Letters
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           should
           be
           thought
           guilty
           of
           the
           same
           Crime
           ;
           and
           that
           any
           Ship
           that
           carried
           off
           any
           of
           their
           Goods
           ,
           or
           any
           Wagon
           or
           Boat
           that
           furthered
           their
           Escape
           ,
           or
           conveyed
           away
           their
           Goods
           ,
           should
           be
           forfeited
           .
        
         
           The
           noise
           of
           these
           Proceedings
           alarmed
           all
           the
           Protestants
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           
           was
           the
           principal
           Cause
           of
           the
           renewing
           the
           War
           there
           ;
           of
           which
           I
           have
           already
           given
           a
           short
           account
           .
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           was
           a
           sorrowful
           Observer
           of
           all
           these
           Tyranical
           Encroachments
           on
           the
           Lives
           ,
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           Fortunes
           of
           her
           Neighbours
           ;
           and
           such
           as
           fled
           into
           England
           from
           the
           bloody
           and
           outragious
           treatment
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           found
           here
           in
           England
           
           a
           secure
           Sanctuary
           ,
           and
           had
           her
           
           leave
           to
           settle
           at
           
             Norwich
             ,
             Colchester
             ,
             Sandwich
             ,
             Maidstone
             ,
          
           and
           Hampton
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Advantage
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Impoverishing
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain's
           Territories
           ,
           by
           setting
           up
           here
           the
           making
           of
           
             SAYES
             ,
             BAYES
          
           ,
           and
           STUFFS
           ,
           which
           the
           English
           before
           fetched
           out
           of
           France
           and
           Flanders
           .
           The
           King
           of
           Spain
           would
           have
           no
           Hereticks
           (
           as
           he
           call'd
           them
           )
           and
           none
           of
           his
           Subjects
           should
           have
           any
           Civil
           Liberties
           to
           secure
           them
           against
           his
           Will
           or
           Humour
           :
           But
           then
           he
           might
           have
           soreseen
           he
           should
           have
           lost
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           his
           Trade
           ,
           his
           Wealth
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           reason
           to
           fear
           he
           should
           lose
           his
           Countrey
           too
           ;
           but
           he
           trusted
           in
           
           Force
           ,
           and
           it
           deceived
           him
           ;
           but
           no
           Force
           could
           secure
           the
           other
           Three
           ;
           Men
           are
           not
           like
           Beasts
           of
           Burthen
           ;
           they
           must
           be
           well
           treated
           ,
           or
           they
           will
           flye
           ,
           or
           not
           work
           ,
           or
           be
           poor
           ,
           or
           fail
           ,
           and
           the
           Land
           become
           desolate
           ,
           and
           not
           be
           able
           to
           defend
           it self
           .
           How
           happy
           had
           Philip
           II.
           and
           Lewis
           XIV
           .
           been
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           but
           understood
           this
           ?
           The
           ignorance
           of
           this
           has
           ruined
           many
           flourishing
           Empires
           ,
           I
           might
           say
           all
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           that
           first
           Cause
           of
           the
           Ruin
           of
           
           the
           Ottoman
           Empire
           ,
           which
           has
           sapped
           its
           Foundations
           ,
           and
           brought
           a
           Consumption
           upon
           it
           ,
           which
           in
           a
           few
           years
           will
           destroy
           it
           .
           Thus
           also
           fell
           the
           Roman
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Empires
           ,
           when
           the
           fatal
           time
           was
           come
           .
           Not
           that
           Religion
           was
           then
           the
           pretence
           of
           the
           oppressing
           their
           Subjects
           ,
           but
           Oppression
           is
           the
           same
           thing
           ,
           and
           will
           eternally
           have
           the
           same
           effect
           ,
           be
           the
           Pretence
           or
           Motive
           what
           it
           will.
           
             Emanuel
             Van
             Meteren
          
           ,
           in
           his
           Third
           Book
           of
           the
           History
           of
           these
           times
           ,
           deploring
           the
           Loss
           his
           Countrey
           sustained
           by
           being
           deprived
           at
           once
           of
           all
           its
           Trades
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           of
           its
           useful
           and
           industrious
           Subjects
           ,
           saith
           ,
           
             That
             there
             was
             not
             less
             than
             an
             Hundred
             thousand
             people
             that
             then
             fled
             into
             strange
             Countries
             to
             earn
             their
             bread
             ;
             and
             tho
             some
             of
             these
             afterwards
             returned
             ,
             yet
             the
             main
             body
             of
             them
             never
             did
             ;
             and
             their
             Trades
             were
             lost
             to
             the
             English
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             who
             learned
             them
             of
             these
             people
             ,
             and
             exercise
             them
             to
             this
             day
             .
          
        
         
           The
           Queen
           of
           England
           seeing
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           deaf
           to
           all
           her
           and
           her
           Neighbour
           Princes
           Entreaties
           and
           
           Intercessions
           with
           him
           for
           the
           mitigating
           
           his
           Sanguinary
           and
           Cruel
           Edicts
           concerning
           Religion
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           had
           set
           up
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           a
           
             Spanish
             Inquisition
          
           for
           the
           more
           grievous
           Torturing
           the
           Consciences
           of
           his
           Subjects
           :
           That
           he
           had
           denied
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           States
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           (
           which
           was
           the
           only
           and
           the
           usual
           way
           of
           composing
           their
           Affairs
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           in
           any
           disorder
           )
           :
           That
           he
           governed
           them
           rather
           by
           Arbitrary
           Orders
           sent
           from
           Spain
           ,
           than
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           or
           Counsels
           of
           the
           Natives
           :
           That
           he
           made
           use
           of
           the
           Tumults
           which
           the
           meanest
           of
           the
           people
           had
           fallen
           into
           upon
           the
           account
           of
           the
           Images
           ,
           tho
           they
           were
           presently
           suppress'd
           ,
           and
           that
           by
           the
           Natives
           ,
           to
           bring
           one
           of
           the
           Freest
           Nations
           of
           Europe
           under
           the
           intolerable
           yoke
           of
           an
           Arbitrary
           Government
           ;
           turning
           unjustly
           the
           rash
           Folly
           and
           Madness
           of
           a
           few
           mean
           people
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Damage
           of
           this
           whole
           Nation
           ,
           by
           pretending
           All
           that
           people
           had
           rebelled
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           thereby
           Forfeited
           their
           Ancient
           Liberties
           .
           She
           saw
           also
           that
           he
           had
           sent
           
             Ferdinand
             Alavares
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Alva
             ,
          
           a
           Bloody
           man
           ,
           to
           usurp
           this
           Arbitrary
           Government
           ,
           
           who
           being
           no
           way
           related
           to
           the
           Royal
           Family
           ,
           was
           now
           constituted
           the
           Supreme
           Governor
           of
           these
           Provinces
           ,
           contrary
           to
           their
           Laws
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           abolished
           and
           suspended
           the
           Jurisdiction
           and
           Authority
           of
           all
           their
           Legal
           Courts
           ,
           and
           brought
           in
           amongst
           them
           a
           new
           unheard
           of
           Tribunal
           ,
           which
           had
           proceeded
           illegally
           against
           several
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           that
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           condemned
           them
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           they
           had
           been
           thereupon
           executed
           .
           That
           Spanish
           Garisons
           were
           quartered
           ,
           and
           Citadels
           built
           in
           the
           great
           Towns
           and
           Cities
           ;
           and
           the
           Twentieth
           Penny
           of
           all
           their
           Real
           Estates
           ,
           and
           the
           Tenth
           of
           their
           Personal
           had
           been
           illegally
           assess'd
           ,
           and
           by
           force
           levied
           .
           She
           saw
           also
           that
           the
           
             Duke
             d'
             Alva
          
           the
           29th
           .
           of
           December
           ,
           1568.
           had
           furiously
           and
           impatiently
           seized
           the
           Goods
           and
           Persons
           of
           her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           into
           the
           Custody
           of
           his
           Soldiers
           ,
           on
           the
           pretence
           of
           some
           Moneys
           stopped
           in
           England
           ,
           which
           belonged
           to
           the
           Merchants
           of
           Genoua
           ,
           who
           had
           consented
           to
           the
           Embargo
           ;
           and
           she
           concluded
           this
           enraged
           man
           was
           not
           content
           to
           oppress
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           but
           would
           needs
           make
           himself
           a
           Terror
           to
           her
           and
           her
           
           people
           too
           ;
           whereupon
           this
           Heroick
           Lady
           commanded
           all
           the
           Ships
           and
           Goods
           of
           the
           Netherlands
           which
           were
           in
           her
           Ports
           ,
           to
           be
           stopp'd
           ;
           which
           were
           of
           greater
           value
           than
           those
           the
           Duke
           had
           been
           able
           to
           find
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ;
           whereby
           she
           humbled
           that
           proud
           ,
           hasty
           man
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           see
           how
           little
           she
           could
           fear
           either
           him
           or
           his
           Master
           .
        
         
           This
           Action
           of
           the
           Queen
           's
           opened
           
           the
           eyes
           of
           the
           poor
           oppressed
           people
           of
           these
           Countries
           ,
           and
           shewed
           them
           the
           way
           to
           deal
           with
           their
           Oppressors
           was
           to
           attack
           them
           by
           Water
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           Land.
           They
           had
           made
           several
           attempts
           on
           the
           side
           of
           Germany
           ,
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           some
           of
           their
           banished
           Nobility
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1568
           ;
           and
           they
           had
           been
           unfortunate
           in
           all
           of
           them
           .
           
             Lewis
             Van
             Nassau
          
           ,
           Brother
           of
           
             William
             Prince
             of
             Orange
          
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           7000
           men
           ,
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           and
           was
           a
           good
           and
           a
           prudent
           Commander
           ,
           and
           had
           taken
           all
           the
           care
           that
           was
           possible
           to
           prevent
           Misfortunes
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           defeated
           near
           Emden
           The
           Prince
           of
           Orange
           ,
           who
           followed
           after
           ,
           was
           in
           a
           short
           time
           forced
           to
           retire
           into
           France
           ,
           tho
           he
           had
           
           11000
           men
           under
           him
           .
           The
           two
           next
           years
           he
           served
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           in
           France
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           year
           1569.
           he
           took
           up
           the
           Resolution
           to
           grant
           Letters
           of
           Mart
           to
           all
           that
           would
           put
           out
           Ships
           to
           Cruise
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           the
           
             Heer
             Van
             Dolhain
          
           being
           Admiral
           ,
           who
           in
           that
           year
           took
           ,
           and
           spoiled
           ,
           and
           ransomed
           many
           Ships
           .
           This
           good
           success
           encouraged
           more
           in
           the
           year
           1570.
           to
           take
           this
           course
           ;
           and
           as
           they
           grew
           stronger
           and
           more
           numerous
           ,
           so
           they
           had
           better
           success
           .
           In
           1571.
           they
           set
           upon
           the
           Fleet
           that
           was
           going
           to
           Spain
           ,
           and
           took
           and
           plundered
           a
           great
           part
           of
           it
           in
           the
           Texel
           .
           The
           Duke
           of
           Alva
           sent
           out
           some
           Men
           of
           War
           against
           these
           Privateers
           ,
           but
           to
           small
           purpose
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           small
           and
           too
           nimble
           for
           his
           great
           Ships
           ;
           and
           Germany
           and
           England
           protected
           ,
           victuall'd
           ,
           and
           harboured
           them
           .
           Whereupon
           in
           the
           year
           1571.
           he
           sent
           to
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           to
           complain
           of
           the
           
           Harbouring
           these
           Pyrates
           as
           he
           called
           them
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           in
           no
           haste
           to
           do
           his
           business
           after
           he
           had
           so
           far
           provoked
           her
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           year
           1572.
           when
           they
           were
           become
           Rich
           ,
           and
           very
           Numerous
           ,
           she
           put
           out
           a
           severe
           Proclamation
           
           against
           them
           ,
           commanding
           them
           to
           be
           gone
           by
           a
           limited
           time
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           feized
           in
           her
           Harbours
           ;
           whereupon
           in
           March
           this
           year
           they
           put
           themselves
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           
             William
             Van
             Marck
             ,
             Lord
             Lumey
             ,
          
           to
           the
           number
           of
           about
           Thirty
           Ships
           or
           Fly-Boats
           ,
           well
           mann'd
           and
           victuall'd
           ;
           and
           these
           had
           the
           good
           fortune
           to
           find
           the
           Briel
           without
           
           any
           Garison
           ,
           and
           so
           they
           took
           Possession
           of
           it
           without
           any
           opposition
           ,
           the
           first
           of
           April
           .
           The
           eighth
           of
           the
           same
           month
           ,
           Flushing
           joined
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           cast
           out
           the
           few
           Spaniards
           were
           there
           .
           And
           after
           this
           ,
           in
           a
           short
           time
           the
           whole
           Provinces
           of
           South
           and
           
             North
             Holland
          
           ,
           as
           fast
           as
           they
           could
           by
           any
           means
           get
           rid
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Garisons
           ,
           revolted
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           took
           up
           Arms
           against
           the
           
             Duke
             of
             Alva
          
           ,
           declaring
           at
           first
           for
           the
           
             Prince
             of
             Orange
          
           ,
           as
           Stadtholder
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           in
           these
           Provinces
           .
           Thus
           were
           the
           Foundations
           of
           the
           Liberties
           
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           in
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           laid
           in
           the
           blood
           of
           its
           Inhabitants
           ,
           and
           as
           heartily
           at
           first
           promoted
           by
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           preserve
           their
           Civil
           Privileges
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Protestants
           to
           secure
           their
           Lives
           and
           Fortunes
           from
           the
           Arbitrary
           
           Violence
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           :
           
             So
             that
             if
             
             either
             of
             them
             were
             Rebels
             ,
             it
             was
             because
             Philip
             the
             IId
             .
             would
             not
             be
             contented
             with
             the
             same
             degree
             of
             Power
             the
             former
             Princes
             his
             Predecessors
             had
             enjoyed
             ;
             but
             made
             use
             of
             a
             Ferment
             the
             Providence
             of
             God
             and
             his
             own
             Cruelty
             and
             Imprudenee
             had
             raised
             in
             the
             minds
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             to
             enslave
             the
             Innocent
             and
             the
             Guilty
             .
             And
             altho
             he
             made
             Religion
             his
             Pretence
             ,
             yet
             Ambition
             and
             Worldly
             Greatness
             ,
             and
             the
             subduing
             his
             own
             People
             and
             all
             his
             Neighbours
             ,
             was
             the
             Real
             Motive
             at
             the
             bottom
             .
          
           I
           conclude
           therefore
           ,
           That
           he
           was
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           a
           Perfidious
           Man
           ;
           and
           his
           Subjects
           that
           revolted
           from
           him
           upon
           such
           horrid
           Provocations
           ,
           and
           after
           they
           had
           done
           all
           that
           was
           possible
           to
           bring
           him
           to
           better
           courses
           ,
           were
           no
           Rebels
           .
           I
           cannot
           here
           but
           observe
           how
           frequently
           and
           passionately
           of
           late
           the
           Hollanders
           were
           called
           Rebels
           and
           Traytors
           here
           ,
           by
           a
           sort
           of
           men
           who
           were
           going
           to
           act
           upon
           us
           all
           the
           ill
           things
           the
           Spaniards
           did
           there
           ;
           but
           wanting
           Numbers
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           go
           slowly
           on
           ,
           and
           had
           great
           thoughts
           of
           heart
           ,
           that
           our
           Doctrine
           of
           Non-Resistance
           might
           
           fail
           them
           when
           they
           stood
           most
           in
           need
           of
           it
           to
           bind
           up
           our
           hands
           till
           they
           should
           cut
           our
           Throats
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           declaimed
           furiously
           against
           these
           Hollanders
           ,
           to
           fright
           us
           into
           the
           snare
           .
           But
           certainly
           the
           man
           must
           be
           very
           silly
           ,
           that
           would
           at
           all
           regard
           the
           being
           called
           a
           Rebel
           by
           the
           Roman-Catholicks
           ;
           or
           part
           with
           all
           that
           is
           valuable
           ,
           to
           avoid
           that
           Reproach
           from
           such
           men
           of
           all
           others
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           from
           this
           Digression
           
           concerning
           the
           Cause
           of
           this
           War
           :
           The
           Queen
           seeing
           her
           Neighbours
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           thus
           oppressed
           by
           the
           Savage
           Tyranny
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             De
             Alva
          
           ,
           and
           so
           injuriously
           exhausted
           by
           his
           Arbitrary
           and
           Illegal
           Exactions
           ,
           Prosecutions
           and
           Murthers
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Calamities
           of
           an
           unjust
           War
           ;
           and
           the
           distressed
           Inhabitants
           of
           these
           Provinces
           flocking
           in
           great
           numbers
           into
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           shelter
           themselves
           from
           the
           Affronts
           ,
           Assassinations
           ,
           Pride
           and
           Cruelty
           of
           this
           Enemy
           and
           Executioner
           ,
           with
           all
           they
           could
           bring
           away
           with
           them
           ,
           she
           opened
           her
           Ports
           to
           receive
           them
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           compassion
           heard
           their
           bitter
           Complaints
           ,
           whilst
           they
           
           deplored
           the
           Miseries
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           begged
           her
           Protection
           ,
           pursuant
           to
           the
           Treaties
           and
           Leagues
           between
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           House
           of
           Burgundy
           .
           She
           always
           expressed
           a
           great
           regard
           for
           those
           Nations
           and
           Countries
           that
           lay
           near
           hers
           ,
           and
           were
           by
           Leagues
           united
           to
           her
           ;
           and
           she
           was
           the
           more
           afflicted
           for
           this
           People
           ,
           because
           fhe
           saw
           the
           extirpating
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           was
           made
           the
           Pretence
           of
           one
           of
           the
           most
           flagrant
           Injuries
           that
           was
           ever
           offered
           to
           a
           Free
           People
           :
           And
           therefore
           she
           was
           the
           more
           easily
           induced
           to
           deliver
           these
           her
           nearest
           Allies
           out
           of
           the
           Jaws
           of
           this
           Pyratc
           and
           Enemy
           of
           Mankind
           ;
           and
           to
           curb
           the
           Insolence
           of
           these
           Spanish
           Forccs
           ,
           that
           from
           all
           quarters
           were
           poured
           in
           upon
           these
           miserable
           Countries
           ,
           to
           enslave
           and
           destroy
           them
           .
           She
           thought
           there
           was
           nothing
           in
           this
           world
           which
           so
           well
           became
           the
           Majesty
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           and
           tended
           more
           to
           her
           Reputation
           and
           Glory
           ,
           than
           the
           taking
           Arms
           against
           such
           men
           as
           these
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Defence
           of
           such
           Supplicants
           ,
           to
           deliver
           them
           at
           once
           from
           the
           most
           intolerable
           Dangers
           ,
           and
           from
           Slavery
           .
           It
           is
           very
           probable
           she
           would
           for
           a
           longer
           time
           have
           dissembled
           the
           Injuries
           the
           
           King
           of
           Spain
           had
           done
           to
           her
           and
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           if
           he
           would
           have
           mitigated
           his
           Rigors
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ;
           but
           seeing
           that
           was
           not
           to
           be
           hoped
           for
           ,
           she
           resolved
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           his
           Rage
           by
           Force
           ;
           
             and
             for
             the
             Glory
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             common
             Safety
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Interest
             ,
          
           to
           assist
           the
           Netherlanders
           with
           Men
           ,
           Money
           ,
           Arms
           ,
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           whatever
           else
           was
           necessary
           to
           keep
           them
           out
           of
           the
           hands
           of
           their
           Oppressors
           .
           She
           neither
           feared
           the
           Greatness
           of
           Philip
           the
           IId
           nor
           the
           Threats
           of
           France
           ,
           nor
           the
           Secret
           and
           Treacherous
           Machinations
           and
           Plots
           of
           her
           own
           Popish
           Subjects
           at
           home
           ;
           nor
           the
           Hazards
           ,
           Expences
           ,
           or
           Calamities
           of
           a
           very
           dangerous
           and
           lasting
           War
           abroad
           ,
           with
           the
           Richest
           and
           most
           Potent
           Princes
           in
           her
           Times
           ;
           but
           putting
           her
           sole
           Trust
           and
           Confidence
           in
           the
           Providence
           and
           Protection
           of
           God
           ,
           she
           chearfully
           and
           undauntedly
           entred
           the
           Lists
           with
           these
           men
           ,
           that
           her
           Neighbours
           and
           Friends
           ,
           Confederates
           and
           Allies
           ,
           might
           enjoy
           their
           Ancient
           Liberties
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           their
           beloved
           Countrey
           ,
           their
           Estates
           and
           Fortunes
           ,
           and
           the
           Liberty
           of
           their
           Consciences
           ,
           and
           live
           happily
           .
           She
           thought
           no
           Labour
           ,
           no
           Danger
           ,
           no
           Expence
           
           too
           great
           to
           be
           hazarded
           ,
           to
           obtain
           so
           great
           a
           Blessing
           for
           them
           ;
           but
           went
           through
           all
           that
           stood
           in
           her
           way
           ,
           with
           Courage
           ,
           Equinimity
           ,
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           Constancy
           :
           By
           which
           she
           acquired
           an
           Immortal
           Glory
           ,
           and
           is
           still
           esteemed
           the
           Deliverer
           and
           Preserver
           of
           this
           People
           ,
           and
           in
           truth
           of
           the
           whole
           Protestant
           Interest
           in
           Christendom
           .
           The
           Kings
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           threatned
           to
           expel
           her
           out
           of
           her
           Kingdoms
           ;
           and
           promoted
           Rebellions
           in
           England
           and
           Ireland
           to
           that
           end
           against
           her
           ;
           but
           there
           happened
           such
           dreadful
           Civil
           Wars
           in
           both
           their
           Kingdoms
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           very
           much
           disabled
           from
           prosecuting
           these
           Designs
           to
           the
           degree
           they
           intended
           .
           And
           she
           for
           her
           part
           was
           not
           wanting
           ,
           but
           sent
           her
           Forces
           both
           into
           France
           and
           Flanders
           ,
           to
           find
           these
           two
           Monarchs
           work
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           by
           kindling
           Fires
           in
           their
           Kingdoms
           ,
           prevented
           their
           laying
           her
           own
           in
           Ashes
           .
           Thus
           at
           the
           same
           time
           she
           delivered
           Britain
           from
           the
           fear
           of
           a
           War
           with
           France
           and
           Flanders
           ;
           and
           whilst
           she
           protected
           her
           Oppressed
           Neighbours
           ,
           she
           preserved
           her
           own
           Subjects
           from
           an
           intolerable
           Foreign
           Servitude
           .
           Thus
           she
           preserved
           England
           
           for
           ever
           from
           the
           Danger
           of
           a
           Spanish
           Invasion
           and
           Conquest
           ,
           upon
           which
           they
           were
           then
           bent
           ,
           and
           slew
           vast
           numbers
           of
           their
           best
           Commanders
           and
           Forces
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land.
           
        
         
           France
           for
           the
           first
           Thirty
           Years
           of
           
           her
           Reign
           was
           perpetually
           involved
           either
           in
           an
           actual
           Civil
           War
           within
           its
           own
           bowels
           ,
           or
           enjoyed
           an
           uneasie
           and
           a
           suspected
           Peace
           ;
           so
           that
           this
           Kingdom
           was
           never
           so
           quiet
           ,
           as
           to
           be
           able
           to
           look
           abroad
           ,
           and
           give
           any
           disturbance
           to
           its
           Neighbours
           .
           The
           Protestant
           Party
           was
           strong
           and
           numerous
           ,
           and
           every
           day
           grew
           greater
           ,
           and
           was
           headed
           by
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Royal
           Family
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Bourbon
           :
           And
           the
           Popish
           Party
           on
           the
           other
           side
           was
           the
           far
           greater
           Party
           ,
           and
           was
           headed
           by
           the
           Royal
           Family
           that
           was
           in
           Possession
           of
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           :
           So
           that
           Henry
           II.
           and
           Francis
           II.
           Charles
           IX
           .
           and
           Henry
           III.
           his
           Sons
           ,
           who
           were
           all
           successively
           Kings
           of
           France
           one
           after
           the
           other
           ,
           did
           all
           that
           was
           possible
           ,
           by
           Wit
           and
           Policy
           ,
           Force
           ,
           Perfidy
           ,
           Wars
           ,
           Massacres
           ,
           Breach
           of
           Faith
           ,
           and
           Surprizes
           ,
           to
           extirpate
           this
           Party
           ;
           and
           when
           all
           was
           done
           ,
           the
           End
           of
           Seven
           
           Civil
           Wars
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           was
           a
           Toloration
           ;
           and
           the
           End
           of
           every
           Toleration
           ,
           but
           the
           last
           ,
           was
           a
           Civil
           War
           ,
           began
           by
           the
           Popish
           Party
           ,
           upon
           the
           Principle
           ,
           
             That
             no
             Faith
             was
             to
             be
             kept
             with
             Hereticks
          
           ;
           which
           Maxim
           was
           so
           often
           alledged
           ,
           either
           by
           way
           of
           Excuse
           ,
           or
           by
           way
           of
           Incitement
           ,
           or
           Justification
           ,
           that
           nothing
           but
           the
           Weakness
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Party
           could
           possibly
           have
           induced
           them
           to
           accept
           a
           Security
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           so
           often
           forfeited
           ,
           and
           which
           they
           were
           certain
           would
           last
           no
           longer
           ,
           than
           till
           the
           Popish
           Party
           were
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           break
           it
           .
           And
           yet
           the
           keeping
           of
           the
           Seventh
           ,
           that
           was
           granted
           by
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           in
           the
           year
           1596.
           did
           them
           more
           damage
           than
           the
           breach
           of
           all
           the
           other
           Six
           that
           went
           before
           it
           ;
           because
           by
           its
           long
           duration
           it
           disarmed
           and
           effeminated
           that
           Party
           ,
           and
           robbed
           them
           of
           their
           Fears
           ,
           their
           Martial
           Courage
           ,
           and
           that
           keen
           Zeal
           for
           their
           Religion
           ,
           which
           the
           Perfidy
           and
           Violence
           of
           the
           former
           Times
           had
           kept
           alive
           .
           We
           desire
           Peace
           and
           good
           days
           ;
           but
           God
           who
           knows
           our
           temper
           ,
           and
           what
           will
           follow
           very
           often
           ,
           sends
           us
           Troubles
           for
           our
           good
           ,
           which
           like
           Physick
           keeps
           us
           alive
           ,
           tho
           it
           doth
           not
           please
           us
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           year
           1565.
           there
           was
           a
           secret
           
           League
           made
           at
           Bayone
           ,
           between
           the
           Crowns
           of
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           which
           was
           called
           ,
           
             The
             Holy
             League
          
           ,
           because
           chiefly
           designed
           for
           the
           Extirpating
           the
           
             Protestant
             Religion
          
           out
           of
           France
           and
           Flanders
           ;
           tho
           it
           was
           managed
           with
           all
           the
           Privacy
           and
           Secrecy
           that
           was
           possible
           ,
           yet
           the
           suspicion
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Party
           gave
           them
           the
           first
           hint
           to
           dive
           into
           it
           ;
           and
           within
           a
           little
           time
           it
           was
           discovered
           both
           by
           its
           effects
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           cross
           Interests
           of
           many
           of
           the
           Roman-Catholicks
           ,
           who
           were
           to
           be
           deprived
           of
           their
           Civil
           Privileges
           ,
           in
           lieu
           of
           having
           their
           Religion
           established
           and
           preserved
           .
           This
           gave
           the
           occasion
           to
           all
           those
           fearful
           Commotions
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           just
           now
           related
           :
           And
           in
           France
           there
           followed
           a
           Civil
           War
           in
           the
           year
           66.
           another
           in
           the
           year
           1568.
           which
           in
           the
           year
           1572.
           was
           ended
           by
           a
           Treaty
           of
           Marriage
           between
           
             Henry
             of
             Bourbon
          
           ,
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           Head
           of
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           and
           Margaret
           Sister
           of
           Charles
           the
           IXth
           .
           then
           King
           of
           France
           .
           Here
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Party
           played
           their
           last
           Card
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           Diabolical
           Perfidy
           and
           Cruelty
           which
           has
           no
           Example
           in
           Sacred
           or
           Prophane
           
           History
           ,
           and
           Massacred
           vast
           Numbers
           of
           the
           Principal
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           of
           the
           Protestants
           ,
           who
           were
           come
           to
           Paris
           to
           see
           the
           Marriage
           ,
           not
           being
           able
           to
           suspect
           a
           Court
           could
           be
           so
           base
           as
           to
           stain
           it self
           in
           so
           Treacherous
           a
           manner
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           men
           who
           relied
           upon
           their
           Faith.
           The
           next
           year
           after
           Charles
           died
           ;
           and
           Henry
           the
           IIId
           .
           his
           Brother
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           a
           great
           
           Actor
           in
           the
           Massacre
           ,
           succeeded
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           France
           :
           Under
           him
           the
           
             Holy
             League
          
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           called
           ,
           went
           slowly
           on
           ;
           and
           he
           was
           not
           so
           forward
           to
           involve
           his
           Kingdom
           in
           War
           and
           Blood
           ,
           as
           the
           weaker
           Princes
           ,
           his
           Brothers
           had
           been
           ;
           but
           he
           was
           rather
           inclined
           to
           destroy
           them
           insensibly
           by
           the
           Arts
           of
           Peace
           ,
           as
           it
           came
           afterwards
           to
           be
           done
           ;
           but
           this
           Method
           was
           disliked
           by
           the
           
             Popish
             Party
          
           in
           France
           ,
           which
           is
           for
           the
           most
           part
           Fiery
           and
           Cruel
           ,
           and
           will
           never
           use
           slow
           and
           gentle
           ways
           ,
           but
           when
           it
           is
           impossible
           they
           should
           do
           otherwise
           .
           Hereupon
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           a
           Valiant
           ,
           but
           very
           
           Factious
           Gentleman
           ,
           began
           in
           the
           year
           1576.
           to
           set
           up
           himself
           against
           his
           Prince
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           year
           1584.
           he
           got
           himself
           declared
           Head
           of
           the
           Holy
           
           League
           against
           the
           King
           his
           Master
           ,
           as
           a
           Favourer
           of
           Heresie
           ,
           by
           Gregory
           the
           XIIIth
           .
           then
           Pope
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           bigotted
           and
           discontented
           Clergy
           and
           Nobility
           of
           France
           :
           Whereupon
           in
           the
           year
           1585.
           followed
           the
           Seventh
           Civil
           War
           in
           France
           ,
           upon
           the
           Pope's
           Excommunicating
           the
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           for
           Heresie
           .
           This
           last
           War
           was
           began
           by
           the
           Popish
           Party
           ,
           against
           the
           opinion
           ,
           and
           without
           the
           consent
           of
           Henry
           King
           of
           France
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           it
           thrived
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Navarre
           beating
           them
           in
           the
           Battel
           of
           Courtay
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1587.
           
           After
           which
           Victory
           ,
           the
           King
           was
           desirous
           to
           have
           a
           Peace
           ,
           and
           the
           Guises
           and
           the
           Popish
           Party
           to
           continue
           the
           War
           :
           And
           upon
           this
           the
           Roman
           Catholick
           Party
           subdivided
           it self
           into
           two
           Factions
           ,
           part
           siding
           with
           the
           King
           for
           a
           Peace
           ,
           and
           part
           joining
           with
           the
           Guises
           to
           carry
           on
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           depose
           this
           King
           as
           a
           Favourer
           of
           Heresle
           ,
           softned
           with
           Pleasures
           ,
           and
           unfit
           for
           Government
           .
        
         
           The
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           was
           a
           younger
           
           Branch
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Lorrain
           ,
           which
           is
           esteemed
           the
           Direct
           Heir
           of
           the
           House
           
           of
           
             Charles
             the
             Great
          
           ,
           and
           consequently
           it
           has
           a
           Pretence
           to
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           ,
           which
           is
           foreclosed
           by
           nothing
           but
           the
           too
           great
           Antiquity
           of
           the
           Claim
           ,
           and
           the
           Weakness
           of
           that
           Family
           .
           Henry
           the
           IIId
           .
           the
           then
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           was
           become
           the
           last
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Valoise
           ,
           and
           thought
           unfit
           for
           Generation
           ;
           and
           upon
           his
           Death
           ,
           the
           Crown
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           was
           to
           devolve
           to
           Henry
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Head
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Party
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           Family
           was
           in
           the
           same
           Interest
           ,
           but
           the
           Cardinal
           of
           Bourbon
           ,
           who
           was
           a
           very
           old
           Gentleman
           ;
           so
           that
           if
           things
           were
           suffered
           to
           go
           quietly
           on
           ,
           the
           Death
           of
           Henry
           III.
           would
           put
           the
           Protestants
           of
           France
           in
           Possession
           of
           the
           Throne
           in
           the
           Person
           of
           Henry
           IV.
           This
           was
           the
           true
           ground
           of
           that
           dreadful
           Revolution
           ,
           which
           shook
           the
           Foūndations
           of
           the
           French
           Monarchy
           and
           Nation
           .
           They
           considered
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           Protestant
           Prince
           was
           once
           quietly
           setled
           in
           the
           Throne
           ,
           nothing
           but
           a
           Miracle
           could
           preserve
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           in
           France
           ;
           and
           they
           durst
           not
           trust
           an
           Event
           to
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           Reasons
           and
           Consciences
           of
           men
           ,
           which
           in
           all
           probability
           would
           
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           Romish
           Religion
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           so
           weaken
           it
           in
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           Europe
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           never
           be
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           make
           use
           of
           Force
           more
           ,
           against
           those
           that
           had
           forsaken
           it
           ;
           so
           
           the
           Design
           was
           laid
           between
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           That
           Henry
           the
           IIId
           .
           should
           be
           Deposed
           ,
           and
           turned
           into
           a
           Monastery
           ,
           as
           Chilperick
           was
           ;
           and
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           should
           be
           excluded
           as
           an
           Heretick
           relapsed
           ,
           and
           Excommunicated
           ,
           and
           a
           new
           King
           of
           France
           should
           be
           chosen
           ;
           and
           then
           each
           of
           these
           Heads
           of
           this
           League
           hoped
           to
           make
           their
           own
           Market
           in
           the
           end
           .
           Henry
           the
           IIId
           .
           saw
           all
           this
           ,
           and
           to
           save
           himself
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1588.
           called
           an
           Assembly
           of
           the
           Three
           Estates
           of
           France
           at
           Bloise
           ;
           but
           finding
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           by
           the
           procurement
           of
           the
           Popish
           Clergy
           ,
           inclined
           to
           join
           with
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           ordered
           Henry
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           and
           Charles
           his
           Brother
           ,
           Cardinal
           of
           Lorain
           ,
           to
           be
           both
           Assassinated
           by
           his
           Guards
           ;
           and
           secured
           many
           of
           their
           Friends
           ;
           but
           the
           Duke
           of
           Maine
           ,
           another
           of
           the
           Brothers
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           ,
           escaped
           the
           slaughter
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           almost
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           of
           
           France
           revolted
           ,
           and
           took
           up
           Arms
           against
           him
           under
           the
           Duke
           of
           Maine
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           had
           no
           way
           to
           save
           his
           own
           Life
           and
           Crown
           ,
           but
           to
           call
           Henry
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           and
           his
           Protestant
           Subjects
           ,
           to
           his
           Assistance
           against
           these
           his
           enraged
           Catholick
           Subjects
           ,
           who
           were
           now
           become
           his
           implacable
           enemies
           .
           Being
           thus
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           have
           forced
           Paris
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           driven
           the
           Conspirators
           out
           of
           France
           ,
           one
           
             James
             Clement
          
           ,
           a
           Dominican
           Monk
           ,
           stabbed
           
           him
           the
           first
           of
           August
           in
           his
           Tent
           ,
           under
           the
           Walls
           of
           Paris
           .
           The
           House
           of
           Valoise
           thus
           failing
           in
           him
           ,
           when
           it
           had
           enjoyed
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           Two
           hundred
           and
           sixty
           Years
           ,
           the
           Right
           of
           it
           fell
           to
           Henry
           King
           of
           Navarre
           ,
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Bourbon
           ;
           but
           he
           was
           suspected
           by
           all
           his
           Popish
           Subjects
           ,
           stoutly
           resisted
           by
           all
           that
           were
           in
           the
           League
           against
           his
           Predecessor
           ,
           and
           Excommunicated
           by
           the
           Pope
           ,
           and
           sorely
           laid
           at
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           dreaded
           nothing
           so
           much
           as
           the
           seeing
           France
           in
           the
           hand
           of
           a
           Valiant
           ,
           Wise
           ,
           Protestant
           Prince
           ,
           now
           his
           
             Invincible
             Armado
          
           was
           returned
           back
           srom
           England
           with
           Shame
           ,
           Ignominy
           ,
           and
           Contempt
           ,
           and
           such
           a
           Loss
           as
           Spain
           was
           never
           able
           since
           to
           recover
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Queen-Mother
           of
           France
           ,
           who
           
           had
           been
           the
           principal
           Incendiary
           ,
           when
           she
           saw
           the
           Duke
           of
           Guise
           fall
           in
           the
           Assembly
           of
           Bloise
           ,
           and
           her
           only
           Son
           in
           the
           utmost
           danger
           of
           being
           Murdered
           or
           Deposed
           ,
           she
           died
           with
           the
           mere
           apprehension
           of
           the
           Calamities
           she
           had
           brought
           upon
           her
           own
           head
           and
           Family
           ,
           before
           her
           Son
           was
           slain
           .
           And
           as
           for
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           the
           new
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           he
           saw
           things
           in
           that
           Disorder
           and
           Confusion
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           raise
           his
           Camp
           ,
           and
           retreat
           from
           Paris
           into
           Normandy
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           sent
           to
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           for
           Succors
           of
           Men
           ,
           Money
           ,
           and
           Ammunition
           .
           The
           Queen
           presently
           sent
           Peregrine
           
           Lord
           Willoughby
           ,
           who
           had
           signalized
           his
           Valour
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           with
           Four
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           and
           Two
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           Pounds
           of
           English
           Money
           in
           Gold
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           Sum
           which
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           owned
           he
           had
           never
           before
           seen
           together
           in
           Gold
           at
           once
           .
           Henry
           had
           beat
           the
           Leaguers
           before
           these
           men
           arrived
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           expectation
           of
           all
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           being
           thus
           reinforced
           from
           England
           ,
           he
           pursued
           his
           Victory
           to
           the
           Gates
           of
           Paris
           ,
           and
           was
           in
           a
           fair
           way
           to
           have
           taken
           
           the
           City
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           did
           not
           think
           it
           possible
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           besides
           unwilling
           to
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           seeing
           the
           Capital
           City
           of
           France
           plundered
           by
           his
           own
           Army
           .
           This
           tenderness
           of
           his
           at
           length
           brought
           him
           under
           the
           necessity
           of
           changing
           his
           Religion
           ,
           to
           gain
           the
           Crown
           of
           France
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1590.
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           
           sent
           Forces
           to
           take
           possession
           of
           Bretagne
           ,
           a
           Province
           of
           France
           ,
           pretending
           a
           Title
           to
           it
           for
           himself
           ;
           and
           some
           of
           the
           English
           Courtiers
           advised
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           not
           to
           concern
           her self
           any
           farther
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           her
           great
           impoverishing
           ,
           and
           no
           advantage
           ,
           telling
           her
           ,
           Charles
           the
           Bold
           ,
           Duke
           of
           Burgundy
           ,
           used
           to
           say
           ,
           
             It
             would
             be
             better
             for
             all
             the
             Neighbour
             Nations
             to
             have
          
           France
           
             under
             Twenty
             Kings
             than
             One
          
           :
           To
           which
           she
           as
           stoutly
           replied
           ,
           
             The
             Evening
             of
             the
             last
             Day
             the
             Crown
             of
          
           France
           
             should
             see
             ,
             would
             be
             fatal
             to
             England
             .
          
           And
           the
           next
           year
           she
           sent
           a
           
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           Three
           thousand
           Land-men
           to
           secure
           that
           Province
           out
           of
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           This
           small
           Number
           of
           men
           being
           commanded
           by
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           ,
           a
           person
           of
           great
           Experience
           
           and
           Conduct
           ,
           preserved
           that
           Province
           not
           only
           from
           the
           Dominion
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           good
           degree
           also
           from
           the
           Rapines
           and
           Cruelties
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           She
           spent
           in
           Three
           years
           in
           these
           French
           Affairs
           ,
           (
           besides
           the
           Gold
           she
           sent
           to
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           into
           
             Normandy
             )
          
           ,
           226058
           Crowns
           of
           French
           Money
           ;
           yet
           she
           did
           not
           burthen
           her
           Subjects
           to
           pay
           it
           ,
           but
           got
           it
           together
           by
           her
           Thrifty
           Management
           .
        
         
           This
           Queen
           was
           wholly
           intent
           upon
           
           the
           humbling
           the
           Pride
           of
           Spain
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           she
           opposed
           his
           Greatness
           ,
           and
           curb'd
           his
           Ambitious
           Designs
           in
           France
           and
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           she
           sent
           a
           potent
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           an
           Army
           into
           Spain
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1589
           ,
           to
           revenge
           the
           Invasion
           of
           the
           preceeding
           year
           ,
           and
           to
           settle
           Anthony
           a
           Bastard
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           which
           was
           then
           in
           the
           Possession
           of
           Philip
           the
           IId
           .
           King
           of
           Spain
           :
           The
           Army
           consisted
           of
           Eleven
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           and
           there
           went
           in
           the
           Fleet
           Fifteen
           hundred
           Sea-men
           :
           The
           Army
           was
           commanded
           by
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Fleet
           by
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Drake
          
           ;
           They
           first
           landed
           at
           the
           Groyne
           in
           Galicia
           
           without
           any
           Opposition
           ;
           and
           the
           
           next
           day
           they
           took
           the
           Lower-Town
           by
           Scalado
           ,
           but
           not
           without
           the
           loss
           of
           a
           great
           many
           men
           :
           And
           here
           they
           found
           a
           vast
           Magazine
           of
           Gunpowder
           and
           Maritime
           Stores
           ,
           which
           was
           brought
           hither
           for
           another
           Expedition
           against
           England
           .
           In
           this
           Expedition
           
           Robert
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           gave
           proofs
           of
           his
           Martial
           Inclinations
           ,
           for
           he
           stole
           away
           from
           Court
           without
           the
           Queen's
           Leave
           ,
           she
           being
           unwilling
           to
           venture
           any
           of
           her
           principal
           Nobility
           in
           so
           dangerous
           an
           Undertaking
           as
           this
           seemed
           then
           to
           be
           ;
           but
           this
           brisk
           young
           Gentleman
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           despising
           the
           soft
           Pleasures
           of
           a
           Court
           ,
           greedily
           embraced
           this
           opportunity
           of
           Revenging
           the
           Wrongs
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           set
           Sail
           after
           the
           Fleet
           in
           a
           single
           Ship
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           the
           good
           fortune
           to
           fall
           into
           the
           English
           Fleet
           ,
           after
           they
           had
           left
           the
           Groyne
           ,
           and
           were
           going
           to
           attack
           Lisbon
           ,
           wherein
           they
           had
           not
           the
           same
           success
           ,
           by
           reason
           their
           Forces
           were
           too
           small
           ,
           and
           the
           Fleet
           was
           kept
           at
           too
           great
           a
           distance
           to
           relieve
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           was
           forced
           to
           march
           about
           Sixty
           Miles
           by
           Land
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           they
           took
           the
           Towns
           of
           Paniche
           and
           Chascais
           ,
           and
           brought
           out
           of
           Spain
           One
           
           hundred
           Great
           Guns
           ,
           and
           about
           Sixty
           Ships
           ,
           sent
           by
           the
           Hanse
           Towns
           in
           Germany
           ,
           loaded
           with
           Corn
           ,
           which
           went
           round
           about
           Scotland
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           by
           the
           Vergivian
           Ocean
           ,
           to
           avoid
           being
           intercepted
           by
           the
           English
           ,
           the
           Queen
           having
           before
           warned
           those
           Cities
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           sent
           any
           Provisions
           or
           Ammunition
           into
           Spain
           ,
           she
           would
           treat
           them
           as
           Enemies
           .
           Besides
           all
           these
           ,
           they
           brought
           back
           with
           them
           a
           very
           rich
           Prey
           in
           Housholdstuff
           ,
           Money
           ,
           and
           Plate
           ,
           which
           they
           gathered
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           but
           the
           most
           considerable
           advantage
           ,
           was
           the
           intercepting
           all
           the
           Stores
           which
           had
           been
           gathered
           for
           a
           second
           Expedition
           against
           England
           ,
           (
           the
           Design
           of
           which
           was
           after
           this
           laid
           aside
           )
           ,
           and
           the
           discovering
           the
           Weakness
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           when
           they
           were
           set
           upon
           at
           their
           own
           doors
           ;
           so
           that
           after
           this
           time
           the
           English
           despised
           this
           before
           so
           formidable
           Enemy
           ,
           they
           having
           with
           so
           small
           an
           Army
           marched
           so
           many
           Miles
           ,
           and
           taken
           so
           many
           places
           in
           two
           of
           the
           best
           peopled
           Provinces
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1591.
           
           Robert
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           was
           sent
           into
           Normandy
           with
           Four
           
           thousand
           English
           ,
           to
           Assist
           Henry
           the
           
           IVth
           .
           in
           the
           Reduction
           of
           Roan
           ;
           where
           before
           that
           City
           he
           lost
           his
           Brother
           Walter
           ,
           who
           was
           ●…ain
           by
           a
           Musquet
           :
           This
           was
           so
           far
           from
           terrifying
           this
           Noble
           Earl
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           with
           wonder
           observed
           by
           the
           French
           ,
           that
           he
           exposed
           his
           own
           person
           the
           more
           freely
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           take
           all
           opportunities
           to
           revenge
           his
           Death
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           in
           the
           
           year
           1596.
           the
           Queen
           sent
           him
           her
           General
           again
           into
           Spain
           ;
           the
           Fleet
           which
           consisted
           of
           One
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           Ships
           ,
           (
           being
           partly
           English
           ,
           and
           partly
           Dutch
           )
           was
           commanded
           by
           Charles
           Lord
           Howard
           ,
           Admiral
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           the
           Land-Forces
           ,
           which
           were
           about
           Seven
           thousand
           and
           three
           hundred
           men
           ,
           were
           to
           be
           commanded
           by
           Essex
           and
           Howard
           ,
           as
           Joynt-Generals
           ,
           Essex
           having
           the
           Precedence
           on
           Shore
           ,
           and
           Howard
           at
           Sea
           :
           They
           came
           before
           Cadiz
           the
           20th
           .
           of
           June
           ,
           but
           did
           not
           attempt
           to
           Land
           while
           the
           22d
           .
           and
           then
           
           they
           took
           the
           Town
           on
           the
           first
           Assault
           by
           the
           Cowardise
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           which
           paid
           Five
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           Ducats
           for
           its
           Ransom
           .
           There
           was
           Two
           Millions
           more
           offered
           for
           the
           Redemption
           of
           the
           Ships
           in
           
             Port
             Real
          
           ,
           
           but
           it
           was
           refused
           by
           the
           Admiral
           ,
           he
           saying
           ,
           He
           was
           sent
           to
           Burn
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           Ransom
           the
           Spanish
           Navies
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           confess
           they
           lost
           in
           the
           Sack
           
           of
           this
           Town
           ,
           in
           Ships
           Taken
           and
           Burnt
           ,
           in
           Canon
           Taken
           and
           Sunk
           ,
           and
           in
           Stores
           ,
           and
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           Victuals
           ,
           above
           Twenty
           Millions
           of
           Ducats
           .
           The
           Magnanimous
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           was
           for
           keeping
           the
           Town
           and
           Island
           ,
           and
           he
           offered
           to
           do
           it
           with
           Three
           hundred
           men
           ,
           and
           Three
           Months
           Provision
           for
           them
           ;
           but
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Commanders
           who
           had
           enriched
           themselves
           ,
           were
           for
           returning
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           return
           much
           against
           his
           will
           ,
           the
           5th
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           got
           little
           but
           a
           Noble
           Library
           ,
           which
           he
           chose
           out
           of
           that
           Rich
           Spoil
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           observed
           ,
           
             The
             English
             in
             this
             Sack
             shewed
             themselves
             to
             be
             Hereticks
             by
             their
             Contempt
             of
             their
             Religious
             Houses
             and
             Places
             ;
             but
             in
             all
             other
             things
             they
             behaved
             themselves
             with
             great
             Valour
             ,
             Prudence
             ,
             and
             Generosity
             .
          
           The
           Noble
           Earl
           would
           fain
           in
           his
           return
           have
           attempted
           the
           Groyne
           ,
           St.
           Andreo
           ,
           and
           St.
           Sebastian
           ,
           but
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Commanders
           were
           against
           making
           any
           other
           Trial
           of
           their
           Fortune
           ,
           
           believing
           they
           had
           done
           enough
           for
           the
           Glory
           and
           Safety
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
           This
           Expedition
           secured
           England
           for
           the
           Remainder
           of
           her
           Reign
           against
           all
           the
           Attempts
           and
           Fears
           of
           Spain
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1599.
           this
           Earl
           was
           made
           Deputy
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           which
           proved
           his
           Ruin
           ,
           Sir
           
             Robert
             Cecil
          
           in
           his
           Absence
           being
           made
           Master
           of
           the
           Wards
           ,
           tho
           the
           Queen
           had
           promised
           him
           that
           Office
           ,
           and
           he
           depended
           upon
           it
           as
           that
           which
           was
           to
           repair
           his
           Estate
           ,
           shattered
           in
           her
           Service
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           came
           back
           without
           her
           Leave
           ,
           and
           the
           next
           year
           after
           was
           beheaded
           for
           Attempting
           to
           Raise
           an
           Insurrection
           in
           London
           against
           the
           Court.
           
        
         
           To
           pass
           from
           these
           Foreign
           Affairs
           to
           
           others
           that
           were
           of
           nearer
           concern
           to
           England
           ;
           there
           was
           in
           all
           her
           days
           a
           Destructive
           and
           most
           Chargeable
           War
           continued
           against
           her
           in
           Ireland
           .
           The
           Irish
           Nation
           have
           ever
           since
           it
           was
           subdued
           by
           the
           English
           ,
           born
           an
           implacable
           hatred
           to
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           which
           neither
           Marriages
           ,
           nor
           Benefits
           ,
           nor
           Losses
           ,
           nor
           Time
           it self
           has
           been
           able
           to
           extinguish
           :
           But
           when
           in
           her
           time
           the
           Religion
           of
           England
           was
           changed
           ,
           and
           
           the
           general
           Body
           of
           the
           Irish
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           old
           English
           Families
           persisted
           in
           the
           Popish
           Religion
           ;
           there
           was
           by
           that
           means
           a
           new
           Ferment
           added
           to
           their
           restless
           and
           unquiet
           spirits
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           was
           nothing
           to
           be
           heard
           of
           from
           thence
           ,
           but
           frequent
           and
           perfidious
           Rebellions
           ,
           which
           were
           the
           more
           dangerous
           and
           lasting
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           excited
           by
           the
           Pope's
           Bulls
           whom
           the
           Irish
           reverence
           above
           all
           other
           Nations
           ;
           and
           supported
           and
           carried
           on
           by
           Spanish
           Counsels
           ,
           Money
           ,
           and
           Forces
           :
           Yet
           however
           ,
           the
           Queen
           did
           never
           think
           it
           her
           Interest
           to
           make
           a
           sharp
           and
           a
           concluding
           War
           upon
           them
           ,
           because
           this
           was
           not
           possible
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           without
           being
           grievous
           to
           her
           People
           of
           England
           ,
           whilst
           she
           was
           forced
           to
           spend
           such
           prodigious
           Sums
           of
           Money
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           and
           France
           ,
           as
           would
           have
           made
           an
           effectual
           War
           in
           Ireland
           insupportable
           .
           She
           took
           care
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           to
           send
           over
           thither
           the
           Best
           and
           Wisest
           of
           her
           States
           men
           and
           Sword-men
           ,
           as
           her
           Deputy-Lieutenants
           ;
           and
           she
           sent
           them
           such
           Supplies
           of
           Men
           and
           Moneys
           as
           enabled
           them
           from
           time
           to
           time
           to
           keep
           the
           English
           Pale
           in
           good
           order
           ,
           and
           to
           hinder
           the
           Spanish
           Party
           
           from
           growing
           more
           Potent
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           than
           was
           convenient
           to
           consume
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           divert
           him
           from
           nearer
           and
           more
           dangerous
           Attempts
           ;
           and
           by
           her
           Generals
           and
           the
           Forces
           she
           sent
           over
           ,
           she
           wasted
           and
           consumed
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           CLANS
           and
           great
           Irish
           Lords
           ,
           and
           by
           degrees
           brought
           the
           Wild
           and
           Barbarous
           Irish
           from
           the
           former
           way
           of
           living
           more
           like
           Beasts
           than
           Men
           ,
           in
           Woods
           and
           Mountains
           ,
           to
           the
           living
           in
           Populous
           and
           well-govern'd
           Towns
           and
           Villages
           .
           She
           taught
           them
           to
           leave
           off
           their
           barbarous
           cruel
           Customs
           ,
           and
           to
           live
           soberly
           and
           according
           to
           Law
           ;
           to
           forsake
           their
           wild
           ways
           of
           Diet
           and
           Cloathing
           ,
           and
           live
           more
           Civilly
           ,
           and
           like
           the
           English.
           The
           Northern
           Province
           of
           Ulster
           was
           the
           
           first
           that
           Rebelled
           ,
           the
           Scots
           and
           the
           Islanders
           in
           great
           Numbers
           pouring
           into
           that
           Province
           ;
           whereupon
           
             Shan
             O
             Neale
          
           in
           the
           year
           1563.
           took
           up
           Arms
           against
           his
           Sovereign
           ,
           instead
           of
           sending
           to
           her
           for
           Assistance
           to
           drive
           out
           these
           Foreign
           Enemies
           :
           He
           was
           first
           Reduced
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Sussex
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           come
           into
           England
           to
           beg
           Pardon
           of
           the
           Queen
           :
           The
           next
           year
           he
           broke
           out
           again
           ,
           and
           was
           reduced
           by
           
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Sidney
          
           ,
           Lord
           Deputy
           ;
           and
           in
           1565.
           he
           perished
           in
           a
           drunken
           Fray
           by
           the
           Macdonnels
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           fled
           for
           Succour
           and
           Refuge
           .
           This
           
             Shan
             O
             Neale
          
           was
           so
           wicked
           and
           debauched
           a
           Villain
           in
           all
           his
           Actions
           ,
           that
           all
           men
           approved
           of
           the
           Revenge
           Macdonnel
           took
           of
           so
           false
           and
           perfidious
           a
           man
           ,
           that
           had
           done
           many
           Wrongs
           to
           them
           and
           their
           Families
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           the
           English.
           The
           Macdonnels
           were
           Scots
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Islanders
           that
           had
           setled
           in
           this
           Province
           of
           Ulster
           .
           This
           Execution
           hapned
           the
           2d
           .
           of
           June
           ,
           1567.
           
           Mr.
           Cox
           writes
           their
           Names
           ,
           MACCONEL
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1564.
           there
           hapned
           a
           Quarrel
           
           between
           the
           Earls
           of
           Ormond
           and
           Desmond
           ,
           which
           came
           to
           a
           Battel
           between
           them
           at
           Affane
           ,
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Waterford
           .
           The
           next
           year
           they
           went
           over
           into
           England
           together
           to
           implead
           each
           other
           before
           the
           Queen
           ,
           who
           of
           the
           two
           was
           most
           inclined
           to
           favour
           Desmond
           .
           In
           1566.
           they
           returned
           ,
           and
           Desmond
           took
           the
           Field
           with
           Two
           thousand
           men
           to
           join
           
             Shan
             O
             Neale
          
           ,
           as
           was
           pretended
           ,
           but
           in
           truth
           to
           Revenge
           his
           Quarrels
           on
           the
           Earl
           of
           Ormond
           ,
           who
           defeated
           him
           
           and
           all
           his
           Forces
           near
           Drumelin
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           close
           of
           that
           year
           the
           Lord
           Deputy
           Sidney
           took
           Desmond
           Prisoner
           ,
           and
           at
           Limerick
           tried
           him
           for
           High-Treason
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           found
           Guilty
           ,
           and
           committed
           to
           Prison
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           John
           was
           Knighted
           ,
           and
           made
           Earl
           of
           Desmond
           .
           This
           Quarrel
           was
           at
           first
           a
           personal
           private
           Feud
           between
           these
           Two
           Potent
           Families
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           year
           1568.
           some
           Laws
           having
           passed
           in
           a
           Parliament
           ,
           which
           displeased
           the
           Great
           Men
           ,
           they
           took
           up
           the
           pretence
           of
           Religion
           to
           draw
           in
           the
           People
           ;
           and
           the
           Pope
           entred
           into
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           solicited
           to
           send
           Forces
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Desmond's
           younger
           Brother
           ,
           Titular
           Bishop
           of
           Cashil
           :
           Thereupon
           the
           
             Lord
             Deputy
          
           began
           the
           War
           this
           very
           year
           ,
           and
           defeated
           Two
           thousand
           of
           their
           men
           near
           Kilkenny
           ,
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           one
           single
           man.
           The
           Earl
           of
           Ormond
           was
           then
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           went
           into
           Ireland
           to
           reclaim
           his
           own
           Brothers
           ,
           who
           joined
           with
           Desmond
           in
           this
           Revolt
           ,
           which
           was
           
             designed
             to
             subvert
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             clear
             the
             Countrey
             of
             all
          
           English
           
             Men
             ,
             and
          
           English
           Laws
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           year
           1569.
           
           Pope
           
             Pius
             Quintus
          
           
           Excommunicated
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           deprived
           her
           of
           all
           her
           Dominions
           ;
           and
           this
           had
           such
           effect
           upon
           Ireland
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           no
           quiet
           to
           be
           looked
           for
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           to
           the
           end
           of
           her
           days
           :
           But
           yet
           by
           the
           year
           1571.
           
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           ,
           Governor
           of
           Munster
           ,
           brought
           that
           Province
           into
           Peace
           .
           The
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           slow
           in
           meddling
           with
           the
           Irish
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           sent
           them
           little
           or
           no
           Supplies
           till
           the
           year
           1578.
           which
           was
           Ten
           years
           after
           they
           began
           to
           treat
           with
           him
           for
           his
           Assistance
           .
           This
           year
           one
           Stukely
           an
           English-man
           was
           sent
           by
           Gregory
           XIII
           .
           Pope
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           with
           Eight
           hundred
           Italian
           Soldiers
           ;
           but
           he
           went
           with
           Sebastian
           King
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           into
           Africa
           ,
           where
           he
           and
           his
           men
           perished
           with
           that
           King.
           
        
         
           In
           1578.
           
           Sir
           
             William
             Drury
          
           was
           
           sworn
           Lord
           Deputy
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           14th
           .
           of
           September
           .
           The
           same
           year
           
             James
             Fitz
             Morris
          
           after
           he
           had
           Sworn
           Allegiance
           to
           the
           Queen
           before
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           ,
           went
           into
           France
           ,
           and
           failing
           of
           any
           Supplies
           ,
           from
           thence
           he
           went
           into
           Spain
           ,
           where
           he
           obtained
           a
           few
           
           Men
           ,
           and
           some
           Money
           ;
           and
           in
           July
           ,
           1579.
           he
           landed
           Eighty
           Spaniards
           at
           Semerwick
           in
           Kerry
           ,
           where
           he
           built
           a
           Fort
           ,
           and
           Sanders
           the
           Pope's
           Legate
           Consecrated
           the
           ground
           ;
           but
           the
           English
           took
           the
           three
           Ships
           for
           all
           that
           ,
           and
           put
           the
           Spaniards
           into
           a
           wonderful
           fright
           :
           The
           Desmonds
           joined
           with
           these
           Rebels
           ,
           and
           soon
           after
           ,
           a
           great
           many
           of
           the
           old
           English
           ,
           who
           persisted
           in
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           ;
           which
           was
           in
           a
           great
           degree
           owing
           to
           the
           smalness
           of
           the
           English
           Forces
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           the
           Army
           being
           then
           but
           about
           Six
           hundred
           men
           .
           Sir
           
             William
             Drury
          
           sickned
           and
           died
           ;
           and
           Sir
           
             William
             Pelham
          
           was
           chosen
           in
           his
           Place
           by
           the
           Council
           ,
           and
           Sworn
           the
           11th
           .
           of
           October
           ,
           1579.
           who
           was
           succeeded
           by
        
         
           
             Arthur
             Lord
             Grey
             ,
             Baron
             of
             Wilton
             ,
          
           Sworn
           the
           14th
           .
           of
           September
           ,
           1580.
           
           He
           took
           the
           Fort
           above-mentioned
           ,
           and
           put
           all
           the
           Spaniards
           to
           the
           Sword
           ,
           which
           much
           displeased
           the
           Queen
           ,
           tho
           the
           Deputy
           alledged
           ,
           That
           he
           could
           not
           keep
           them
           his
           Prisoners
           ,
           the
           Army
           was
           so
           small
           ,
           and
           the
           Numbers
           of
           his
           Enemies
           were
           so
           great
           .
           The
           Deputy
           went
           on
           with
           small
           Forces
           ,
           and
           an
           Invincible
           
           Resolution
           and
           Industry
           ,
           defeating
           and
           reducing
           them
           so
           often
           and
           so
           strangely
           ,
           that
           at
           last
           they
           got
           him
           represented
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           
             as
             a
             Bloody
          
           
           
             man
             that
             regarded
             not
             the
             Lives
             of
             the
             Subjects
             any
             more
             than
             the
             lives
             of
             Dogs
             ,
             but
             had
             Tyrannized
             with
             that
             Barbarity
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             little
             left
             for
             the
             Queen
             to
             reign
             over
             ,
             but
             Carcasses
             and
             Ashes
             .
          
           The
           Necessity
           of
           the
           Times
           had
           indeed
           made
           him
           severe
           ;
           but
           he
           had
           shewed
           much
           more
           Mercy
           to
           the
           Irish
           than
           either
           they
           deserved
           ,
           or
           was
           consistent
           with
           the
           Queen's
           Interest
           ,
           or
           the
           Safety
           of
           the
           English
           that
           were
           in
           Ireland
           ;
           however
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Victories
           he
           was
           re-called
           in
           August
           1582.
           
           The
           next
           year
           the
           miserable
           Earl
           of
           Desmond
           was
           taken
           in
           a
           Cabin
           in
           a
           Wood
           ,
           and
           slain
           unknown
           by
           an
           Irish
           man
           ,
           and
           his
           Head
           sent
           over
           into
           England
           ,
           and
           set
           on
           London-Bridge
           :
           His
           Name
           was
           Girald
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           the
           Fifteenth
           Earl
           of
           that
           Family
           ;
           and
           with
           his
           Life
           ended
           this
           Rebellion
           in
           Munster
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           however
           a
           Lady
           of
           that
           Generous
           Mercy
           and
           Compassion
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           heartily
           concerned
           for
           the
           Bloods
           of
           these
           miserable
           Wretches
           who
           sought
           hers
           ,
           and
           her
           Protestant
           
           Subjects
           Ruin
           with
           an
           Hellish
           and
           Implacable
           ●…ury
           .
        
         
           The
           distributing
           Mercy
           and
           Justice
           
           with
           Prudence
           ,
           is
           the
           hardest
           Task
           a
           Prince
           has
           ;
           and
           in
           truth
           there
           is
           none
           but
           God
           that
           can
           pretend
           to
           do
           it
           always
           well
           ;
           because
           he
           alone
           knows
           both
           the
           truth
           of
           all
           mens
           actions
           ,
           the
           ends
           and
           designs
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           tempers
           of
           the
           Agents
           as
           to
           the
           present
           and
           the
           future
           :
           But
           Princes
           are
           often
           deceived
           in
           one
           or
           more
           of
           these
           ,
           and
           so
           spare
           or
           punish
           ,
           when
           they
           should
           not
           :
           Besides
           ,
           they
           are
           subject
           to
           the
           same
           Passions
           other
           men
           are
           ,
           and
           by
           them
           they
           are
           mis-led
           when
           the
           thing
           is
           plain
           .
           It
           is
           better
           ,
           generally
           speaking
           ,
           to
           be
           too
           Merciful
           ,
           than
           too
           severe
           :
           But
           when
           it
           is
           known
           once
           that
           a
           man
           will
           be
           so
           ,
           it
           ruins
           more
           than
           it
           can
           save
           ;
           and
           too
           much
           ,
           exposeth
           the
           Innocent
           .
           Mercy
           to
           Multitudes
           and
           mean
           people
           is
           always
           seasonable
           ,
           and
           the
           contrary
           destructive
           ;
           but
           to
           pardon
           Great
           men
           for
           two
           ,
           three
           ,
           or
           four
           Rebellions
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           is
           to
           proclaim
           a
           liberty
           of
           doing
           it
           impunedly
           .
           She
           was
           never
           guilty
           of
           this
           in
           England
           ,
           but
           in
           Ireland
           it
           was
           frequently
           done
           ,
           and
           therefore
           
           it
           was
           her
           own
           fault
           that
           she
           met
           with
           so
           much
           trouble
           ;
           and
           all
           her
           Mercy
           almost
           was
           thrown
           away
           ,
           and
           proved
           Cruelty
           to
           the
           English.
           Pardon
           a
           barbarous
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           you
           make
           him
           insolent
           ;
           and
           therefore
           inexorable
           Justice
           ,
           especially
           upon
           a
           relapse
           ,
           is
           absolutely
           necessary
           ;
           but
           then
           this
           is
           to
           be
           understood
           only
           of
           great
           Men
           and
           of
           great
           Crimes
           ,
           such
           as
           Murder
           and
           Rebellion
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1584.
           
           June
           26.
           
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           
           was
           made
           
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
          
           .
           He
           was
           sent
           thither
           in
           unquiet
           and
           dangerous
           times
           ;
           and
           he
           managed
           Affairs
           with
           so
           much
           Industry
           and
           Courage
           ,
           that
           he
           saved
           Ireland
           ,
           tho
           he
           himself
           fell
           a
           Sacrifice
           to
           the
           Malice
           of
           Hatton
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Chancellor
           of
           England
           .
           In
           his
           time
           the
           Queen
           gave
           to
           
           several
           Adventurers
           ,
           of
           the
           Lands
           forfeited
           by
           Desmond
           and
           his
           Accomplices
           ,
           574628
           Acres
           .
           The
           Proprietors
           were
           to
           People
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           to
           pay
           the
           Queen
           over
           and
           besides
           ,
           1976
           l.
           7
           s.
           5
           d.
           the
           year
           ,
           Quit-Rent
           .
           To
           this
           end
           she
           invited
           the
           younger
           Brothers
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           to
           settle
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           promising
           them
           great
           Privileges
           ,
           and
           
           Land
           at
           reasonable
           Rents
           .
           The
           Burks
           in
           Connaught
           hereupon
           rebelled
           ,
           but
           were
           overthrown
           ;
           Seven
           of
           Three
           thousand
           scaping
           .
           Thus
           things
           were
           again
           reduced
           into
           a
           tolerable
           good
           order
           ;
           and
           the
           dispeopled
           Province
           of
           Munster
           was
           at
           once
           Peopled
           and
           Civilized
           by
           the
           English
           ;
           but
           the
           Deputy
           had
           no
           share
           in
           it
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           managed
           by
           a
           Committee
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           on
           ill
           terms
           with
           the
           Queen
           ,
           upon
           the
           account
           of
           some
           indiscreet
           passionate
           words
           he
           had
           dropped
           ;
           and
           which
           were
           by
           the
           Malice
           of
           his
           Enemies
           told
           the
           Queen
           ,
           with
           many
           invidious
           Additions
           .
        
         
           The
           Queen
           had
           ordered
           ,
           
             That
             if
          
           
           
             any
             unforfeited
             Lands
             were
             intermixed
             with
             those
             that
             were
             forfeited
             ,
             that
             the
             Proprietor
             should
             be
             compounded
             with
             to
             his
             content
             ,
             and
             be
             bought
             out
             ,
             that
             so
             the
             Undertakers
             might
             have
             his
             Mannor
             intire
             .
          
           But
           when
           this
           came
           to
           be
           put
           in
           practice
           ,
           there
           was
           great
           and
           loud
           Complaints
           brought
           to
           the
           Deputy
           ,
           That
           the
           Adventurers
           had
           unjustly
           outed
           many
           innocent
           men
           of
           their
           Inheritances
           ,
           out
           of
           covetousness
           to
           get
           their
           Estates
           :
           Whereupon
           a
           Proclamation
           was
           issued
           out
           ,
           Commanding
           
           the
           Proprietors
           to
           restore
           what
           they
           had
           unjustly
           taken
           ;
           which
           with
           the
           favour
           the
           Deputy
           shewed
           to
           the
           Ejected
           Irish
           by
           the
           Queen's
           Order
           ,
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           Wrong
           and
           the
           Complaints
           .
           As
           he
           had
           had
           no
           hand
           in
           the
           distribution
           of
           these
           Lands
           ,
           so
           he
           soon
           made
           the
           Adventurers
           sensible
           they
           were
           to
           expect
           no
           favour
           from
           him
           ;
           which
           turned
           to
           the
           advantage
           of
           the
           Irish
           ,
           but
           occasioned
           bitter
           Complaints
           from
           the
           
           English
           against
           the
           Deputy
           ,
           as
           a
           Favourer
           of
           the
           Irish
           rather
           than
           of
           the
           English
           :
           But
           this
           Great
           Man
           ,
           who
           was
           of
           a
           Regal
           Spirit
           ,
           (
           and
           is
           supposed
           to
           have
           been
           a
           Bastard
           Son
           of
           Henry
           the
           VIIIth
           .
           )
           ,
           despised
           too
           much
           the
           Complaints
           of
           his
           Countrey-men
           ,
           and
           forced
           the
           greatest
           of
           the
           English
           to
           fly
           before
           his
           Authority
           ;
           and
           as
           for
           the
           Irish
           ,
           he
           made
           them
           better
           than
           they
           would
           otherwise
           have
           been
           both
           by
           his
           Threats
           and
           Severity
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           good
           Advices
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           his
           Reason
           he
           made
           them
           understand
           how
           much
           it
           was
           for
           their
           good
           to
           continue
           firm
           in
           their
           Allegiance
           to
           the
           Queen
           .
           This
           was
           an
           hard
           Task
           ,
           considering
           the
           Capacity
           and
           Temper
           both
           of
           the
           People
           he
           was
           to
           deal
           with
           ,
           and
           
           of
           the
           Times
           in
           which
           he
           governed
           Ireland
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1588.
           
           Sir
           
             William
             Fitz-Williams
          
           was
           made
           
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
          
           ,
           and
           continued
           till
           the
           11th
           .
           of
           August
           ,
           1594.
           
           He
           was
           a
           Covetous
           ,
           
           Unjust
           man
           ,
           and
           laid
           the
           Foundations
           of
           a
           great
           many
           Troubles
           to
           the
           English
           in
           after
           times
           ;
           but
           in
           all
           his
           ,
           Ireland
           was
           tolerably
           quiet
           ,
           till
           towards
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           his
           Government
           ;
           only
           the
           Irish
           took
           up
           an
           Aversion
           for
           the
           
             English
             Government
             and
             Sheriffs
          
           ,
           by
           his
           means
           ;
           and
           Tyrone
           having
           Six
           Companies
           allowed
           him
           under
           the
           Queen's
           Pay
           ,
           he
           changed
           his
           men
           so
           often
           ,
           that
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           became
           Disciplined
           men
           ;
           and
           he
           got
           great
           quantities
           of
           Lead
           into
           his
           Possession
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           building
           a
           fine
           House
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1593
           the
           
           College
           of
           Dublin
           was
           finished
           at
           the
           Queen's
           Charges
           ,
           and
           Burleigh
           was
           the
           first
           Chancellor
           ,
           and
           Usher
           the
           first
           Scholar
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           That
           which
           made
           Ireland
           so
           quiet
           
           under
           Fitz-Williams
           ,
           was
           the
           Justice
           ,
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           Valour
           of
           his
           Predecessor
           ,
           
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           ,
           which
           had
           broken
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           
             Irish
             Clans
          
           ,
           and
           so
           well
           Civilized
           and
           Planted
           that
           Kingdom
           with
           English
           Colonies
           and
           Garisons
           ,
           that
           during
           these
           Six
           years
           there
           was
           but
           Eight
           hundred
           Foot
           ,
           and
           Three
           hundred
           Horse
           maintained
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           Natives
           in
           quiet
           .
           The
           Irish
           were
           also
           so
           well
           setled
           in
           their
           Lands
           ,
           Estates
           and
           Cattel
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           no
           mans
           Interest
           to
           make
           any
           Disturbance
           :
           And
           there
           was
           no
           Foreign
           Prince
           that
           could
           be
           brought
           to
           join
           with
           them
           ,
           or
           lend
           them
           any
           Assistance
           .
           The
           Spanish
           
           Armada
           in
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           year
           1588.
           lost
           Seventeen
           of
           its
           Ships
           upon
           the
           Northern
           and
           Western
           Shores
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           5394
           of
           the
           men
           in
           it
           perished
           ;
           and
           tho
           some
           of
           the
           Popish
           Natives
           sheltered
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           yet
           they
           all
           robbed
           them
           of
           their
           Freasures
           ,
           and
           got
           what
           they
           had
           for
           it
           :
           And
           King
           James
           of
           Scotland
           looked
           upon
           himself
           as
           the
           Presumptive
           Heir
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           after
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           kept
           a
           fair
           Correspondence
           with
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           restrained
           the
           Scots
           and
           Islanders
           from
           joining
           with
           the
           Irish.
           There
           was
           a
           Rumor
           in
           England
           ,
           That
           
           there
           was
           a
           vast
           Treasure
           found
           in
           the
           Spanish
           Ships
           which
           perished
           in
           Connaught
           ,
           and
           Ulster
           :
           And
           Fitz-Williams
           the
           
             Lord
             Deputy
          
           made
           a
           severe
           search
           after
           it
           ,
           commanding
           by
           a
           Proclamation
           all
           the
           Spanish
           Treasures
           to
           be
           brought
           into
           the
           Exchequer
           for
           the
           Queen's
           use
           ;
           and
           he
           imprisoned
           Sir
           
             Owen
             O
             Toole
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             O
             Dogherty
          
           ,
           two
           of
           the
           greatest
           men
           in
           the
           North
           ,
           in
           the
           Castle
           of
           Dublin
           ,
           on
           this
           pretence
           ,
           tho
           they
           were
           the
           best
           affected
           to
           the
           English
           ,
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ;
           but
           he
           could
           discover
           nothing
           ,
           tho
           he
           kept
           the
           first
           Two
           years
           in
           Restraint
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           all
           his
           time
           ,
           who
           was
           discharged
           by
           his
           Successor
           ,
           and
           died
           soon
           after
           ,
           being
           much
           decayed
           by
           the
           Hardships
           of
           a
           long
           Imprisonment
           ,
           and
           Old
           Age.
           But
           all
           these
           ill
           things
           done
           under
           
             Fitz
             Williams
          
           ,
           made
           work
           for
           them
           that
           followed
           him
           .
        
         
           Upon
           the
           Death
           of
           
             Mac
             Mahon
          
           ,
           who
           
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Heads
           of
           an
           
             Irish
             Clan
          
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           long
           before
           taken
           a
           Patent
           from
           the
           Queen
           for
           the
           County
           of
           Monaghan
           ,
           to
           him
           and
           his
           Heirs
           Male
           for
           ever
           ;
           
             Hugh
             Roe
          
           his
           Brother
           and
           Heir
           ,
           Petitioned
           the
           Deputy
           to
           be
           setled
           in
           his
           
           Inheritance
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Queen's
           Patent
           ,
           and
           the
           Laws
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           the
           Irish
           say
           it
           coft
           him
           Six
           hundred
           Cows
           to
           have
           a
           Promise
           of
           it
           .
           And
           then
           the
           Deputy
           only
           said
           he
           would
           go
           in
           person
           to
           do
           it
           :
           But
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           came
           to
           Monaghan
           ,
           he
           Imprisoned
           ,
           Tried
           ,
           and
           Condemned
           
             Hugh
             Roe
          
           ,
           by
           Military
           Law
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           Legal
           Trial
           ;
           pretending
           he
           had
           Levied
           Forces
           two
           years
           before
           ,
           to
           distrain
           for
           Rent
           he
           pretended
           was
           due
           to
           him
           in
           the
           Ferny
           .
           Hereupon
           he
           was
           hanged
           ,
           and
           the
           County
           was
           divided
           between
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Bagnal
          
           ,
           Marshal
           ,
           Captain
           Henslow
           ,
           and
           four
           of
           the
           
             Mac
             Mahons
          
           ,
           under
           a
           Yearly
           Rent
           ;
           each
           of
           these
           giving
           the
           Deputy
           considerable
           Bribes
           ,
           as
           they
           said
           in
           their
           Complaint
           to
           the
           Council
           of
           England
           .
           The
           Deputy
           denied
           all
           this
           ;
           but
           it
           was
           observed
           ,
           That
           from
           thenceforward
           the
           Irish
           loathed
           Sheriffs
           ,
           and
           the
           Neighbourhood
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           fearing
           the
           same
           fate
           might
           at
           one
           time
           or
           other
           attend
           them
           ,
           that
           had
           befallen
           
             Hugh
             Roe
          
           .
           The
           Report
           of
           this
           Villany
           Spread
           it self
           all
           over
           Ulster
           ;
           and
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Clans
           were
           greatly
           terrified
           and
           incensed
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           had
           
           close
           Cabals
           ,
           wherein
           they
           severely
           taxed
           the
           ill
           Management
           ,
           Covetousness
           ,
           and
           Cruelty
           of
           the
           Deputy
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           then
           in
           Ulster
           a
           Great
           
           Man
           ,
           called
           
             Hugh
             O
             Neal
          
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           one
           Mathew
           a
           Smith
           ,
           a
           Cunning
           and
           a
           Crafty
           man
           ;
           who
           from
           his
           youth
           had
           served
           the
           Queen
           in
           the
           Wars
           :
           In
           Desmond's
           Rebellion
           he
           had
           done
           the
           Queen
           good
           Service
           ,
           and
           got
           much
           Reputation
           both
           for
           his
           Courage
           and
           Industry
           :
           The
           Queen
           on
           the
           other
           side
           protected
           this
           poor
           obscure
           Gentleman
           against
           the
           Malice
           of
           the
           
             O
             Neals
          
           ,
           who
           hated
           him
           as
           the
           Enemy
           to
           their
           Nation
           ;
           and
           she
           advanced
           him
           from
           an
           abject
           and
           mean
           Condition
           ,
           to
           great
           Honour
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           Earl
           of
           Tyrone
           ,
           for
           his
           Merits
           and
           Deserts
           .
           He
           became
           intoxicated
           with
           his
           too
           good
           fortune
           ,
           and
           ungratefully
           and
           madly
           design'd
           to
           ruin
           her
           that
           had
           made
           him
           what
           he
           was
           ;
           and
           now
           nothing
           would
           serve
           him
           ,
           but
           he
           would
           needs
           be
           King
           of
           Ulster
           ;
           
           and
           to
           that
           end
           he
           assumed
           the
           Title
           of
           
             O
             Neale
          
           ,
           and
           cast
           off
           all
           Respect
           and
           Allegiance
           for
           the
           Queen
           .
           He
           disciplined
           the
           rude
           and
           ignorant
           Kerns
           after
           the
           English
           manner
           ,
           under
           the
           pretence
           
           I
           have
           before
           recited
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           under
           hand
           instilled
           into
           them
           an
           invincible
           hatred
           of
           the
           English
           Religion
           and
           Government
           ,
           calling
           the
           first
           Heresy
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           a
           shameful
           Slavery
           and
           Servitude
           ;
           by
           which
           he
           disposed
           them
           so
           well
           to
           a
           Rebellion
           ,
           that
           almost
           the
           whole
           Nation
           revolted
           at
           once
           from
           the
           Queen
           .
        
         
           In
           July
           1591.
           
           Tyrone
           was
           made
           a
           
           County
           ,
           and
           divided
           into
           Eight
           
             Baronies
             ,
             Dungannon
          
           being
           appointed
           for
           the
           Shire-Town
           ;
           which
           with
           the
           Authority
           of
           
             Marshal
             Bagnal
          
           ,
           so
           fretted
           Tyrone
           ,
           that
           it
           's
           believed
           it
           occasioned
           his
           Confederating
           this
           Summer
           underhand
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Irish
           to
           defend
           their
           pretended
           Rights
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           admit
           Sheriffs
           into
           their
           Counties
           .
           The
           effects
           of
           this
           first
           appeared
           in
           the
           year
           1593.
           when
           
             O
             Connor
          
           became
           troublesome
           in
           Connaught
           ,
           and
           
             O
             Donnel
          
           and
           
             Mac
             Guire
          
           ,
           chief
           of
           Fermanagh
           ,
           rose
           in
           Ulster
           against
           the
           Sheriffs
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           murthered
           them
           ,
           but
           that
           Tyrone
           pretended
           to
           intercede
           to
           have
           their
           〈◊〉
           spared
           :
           This
           they
           durst
           never
           〈◊〉
           done
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           knew
           all
           the
           ●…ans
           in
           Ulster
           would
           second
           them
           :
           
           The
           Deputy
           ,
           to
           revenge
           this
           Insurrection
           ,
           proclaimed
           
             Mac
             Guire
          
           a
           Traytor
           ,
           and
           invading
           Fermanagh
           he
           took
           Inniskilling
           ;
           but
           upon
           his
           withdrawing
           ,
           the
           Irish
           returned
           and
           drove
           the
           English
           he
           had
           left
           ,
           out
           of
           Fermanagh
           .
           During
           this
           Tumult
           ,
           Tyrone
           came
           thither
           ,
           as
           by
           chance
           ,
           and
           asking
           what
           the
           matter
           was
           ,
           and
           what
           had
           provoked
           their
           Anger
           against
           the
           English
           ,
           he
           gravely
           reprehended
           
             Mac
             Guire
          
           ,
           the
           Beginner
           of
           the
           Insurrection
           ,
           and
           then
           began
           seemingly
           to
           appease
           the
           exasperated
           meaner
           Irish
           people
           ,
           tho
           in
           truth
           he
           was
           the
           first
           Promoter
           of
           all
           this
           Disturbance
           ,
           and
           did
           this
           only
           to
           conceal
           himself
           ,
           and
           avoid
           being
           suspected
           by
           the
           English.
           Hereupon
           the
           Queen
           recalled
           Fitz-William
           ,
           who
           had
           never
           been
           a
           Soldier
           ,
           and
           sent
           a
           new
           Deputy
           in
           his
           stead
           .
        
         
           Sir
           
             William
             Russel
          
           ,
           youngest
           Son
           of
           
           
             Francis
             Earl
             of
             Bedford
          
           ,
           was
           sworn
           Lord
           Deputy
           of
           Ireland
           the
           11th
           .
           of
           August
           ,
           1594.
           
           Under
           him
           this
           great
           Revolution
           hapned
           .
           Tyrone's
           Brother
           ,
           about
           the
           same
           time
           Befieged
           Inniskilling
           ,
           and
           defeated
           46
           English
           Horse
           ,
           and
           600
           Foot
           ,
           that
           
           came
           to
           Relieve
           it
           ,
           under
           the
           Conduct
           of
           Sir
           
             Edward
             Herbert
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Duke
          
           ;
           yet
           Tyrone
           had
           the
           Impudence
           to
           come
           to
           Dublin
           ,
           and
           impose
           upon
           the
           Council
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           no
           hand
           in
           this
           Insurrection
           ,
           tho
           some
           offered
           to
           prove
           him
           a
           Traytor
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           then
           believed
           .
           In
           March
           ,
           1595.
           he
           broke
           into
           a
           second
           open
           Rebellion
           ,
           notwithstanding
           all
           his
           Oaths
           and
           Asseverations
           ,
           which
           in
           an
           Irish
           man
           are
           the
           certain
           tokens
           of
           Treachery
           and
           Falshood
           .
           Bagnal
           ,
           his
           mortal
           Enemy
           ,
           thereupon
           marched
           against
           him
           with
           1500
           Foot
           ,
           and
           250
           English
           Horfe
           ;
           and
           Tyrone
           appeared
           with
           1500
           Irish
           Horse
           ,
           but
           retired
           without
           attempting
           any
           thing
           ;
           but
           soon
           after
           he
           appeared
           with
           8000
           Foot
           to
           second
           his
           Horse
           :
           Yet
           this
           handful
           of
           men
           fought
           all
           his
           Forces
           ,
           and
           came
           off
           with
           good
           Success
           ,
           tho
           they
           were
           in
           great
           danger
           of
           being
           destroyed
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           been
           if
           the
           Enemies
           Powder
           had
           not
           failed
           in
           the
           Action
           .
        
         
           In
           June
           ,
           1595.
           
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           arrived
           
           with
           Two
           thousand
           Veterane
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           One
           thousand
           New-raised
           men
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Title
           of
           Lord
           General
           
           of
           the
           Forces
           in
           Ulster
           ,
           he
           being
           to
           command
           absolutely
           in
           the
           absence
           of
           the
           Deputy
           .
           The
           Queen's
           Design
           
           in
           sending
           Norris
           with
           this
           large
           Commission
           was
           ,
           that
           he
           and
           the
           Deputy
           should
           act
           with
           the
           greater
           vigor
           against
           the
           Enemy
           :
           But
           then
           tho
           Norris
           was
           an
           excellent
           Commander
           ,
           he
           was
           a
           little
           too
           violent
           ,
           and
           disdained
           to
           be
           subject
           to
           the
           Orders
           of
           the
           Deputy
           ;
           and
           which
           was
           yet
           worse
           ,
           disagreed
           with
           him
           in
           the
           general
           method
           of
           managing
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           was
           very
           stiff
           in
           his
           opinion
           besides
           ;
           so
           that
           much
           time
           was
           spent
           in
           useless
           Contests
           between
           these
           two
           high-spirited
           men
           ,
           which
           very
           much
           prejudiced
           the
           Queen's
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           secured
           Tyrone
           ,
           (
           who
           cunningly
           made
           use
           of
           it
           )
           from
           being
           suppressed
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Rebellion
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           time
           the
           Rebels
           had
           taken
           
           several
           of
           the
           English
           Forts
           ,
           and
           were
           become
           so
           expert
           in
           the
           use
           of
           Arms
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           almost
           a
           Match
           for
           the
           English.
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           to
           save
           charges
           ,
           had
           armed
           the
           Irish
           in
           Ulster
           ,
           against
           the
           
             Isl●…nder
             Scots
          
           ,
           and
           taught
           them
           the
           use
           of
           Fire-Arms
           ;
           and
           Fitz-Williams
           
           had
           pursued
           the
           same
           false
           Measures
           ,
           and
           had
           taken
           many
           Irish
           into
           the
           English
           Army
           ,
           and
           sent
           others
           of
           them
           into
           the
           Low-Countries
           to
           be
           bred
           Soldiers
           ;
           and
           now
           they
           were
           become
           stout
           Rebels
           ,
           to
           the
           damage
           of
           the
           English.
           The
           Deputy
           having
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           spent
           the
           Summer
           in
           the
           Field
           against
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           took
           care
           to
           settle
           Connaught
           and
           Leinster
           in
           the
           Winter
           ,
           and
           finding
           them
           much
           disordered
           by
           the
           Injuries
           of
           the
           Presidents
           ,
           he
           heard
           their
           Complaints
           very
           patiently
           ,
           and
           redressed
           what
           he
           found
           amiss
           ,
           with
           much
           Justice
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           raise
           in
           the
           people
           an
           expectation
           and
           hopes
           of
           better
           ●…mes
           to
           come
           .
           And
           he
           also
           levied
           ●…ore
           Forces
           ,
           and
           invited
           Tyrone
           to
           co●…
           〈◊〉
           him
           to
           Dublin
           ,
           and
           sent
           him
           a
           Passport
           :
           The
           Earl
           came
           accordingly
           ,
           being
           tossed
           between
           hopes
           and
           fears
           ;
           and
           there
           the
           Deputy
           before
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           represented
           to
           him
           the
           Benefits
           he
           had
           received
           at
           the
           Queen's
           hands
           ;
           which
           he
           readily
           acknowledged
           ;
           pretending
           ,
           
           
             That
             he
             had
             on
             that
             consider
             at
             ion
             patiently
             born
             the
             Injuries
             of
          
           Fitz-Williams
           
             Government
             ,
             and
             the
             Wrongs
             done
             him
             by
          
           Bagnal
           the
           Marshal
           :
           That
           
           
             he
             had
             saved
             the
          
           English
           
             from
             the
             Fury
             of
          
           Mac
           Guire
           ,
           
             and
             preserved
             them
             in
             the
             possession
             of
          
           Fermanagh
           :
           
             That
             his
             good
             Actions
             had
             been
             misrepresented
             ,
             and
             he
             had
             been
             ill
             rewarded
             for
             them
             :
             That
             he
             desired
             nothing
             more
             ,
             than
             to
             be
             restored
             to
             the
             Queen's
             Favour
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             been
             deprived
             of
             by
             the
             slanders
             of
             his
             Enemies
             .
          
           This
           cunning
           Defence
           appeased
           the
           Deputy
           ;
           and
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           try
           if
           he
           could
           reclaim
           him
           by
           favours
           and
           good
           usage
           ;
           and
           so
           he
           permitted
           him
           to
           return
           home
           again
           .
           Yet
           in
           September
           of
           this
           year
           he
           offered
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           if
           he
           would
           supply
           him
           with
           3000
           Men
           ,
           and
           a
           little
           Treasure
           .
           Thus
           were
           the
           Winter
           of
           this
           year
           ,
           and
           the
           Spring
           of
           the
           next
           ,
           spent
           in
           needless
           and
           ineffectual
           Treaties
           ,
           Tyrone
           pretending
           to
           submit
           ,
           to
           gain
           time
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           he
           was
           Pardoned
           ;
           but
           Three
           Ships
           arriving
           from
           Spain
           with
           Powder
           and
           200
           men
           ,
           he
           refused
           his
           Pardon
           a
           great
           while
           ,
           and
           when
           he
           took
           it
           ,
           he
           used
           it
           as
           a
           cover
           for
           his
           Treasonable
           Designs
           .
           He
           was
           always
           Treating
           and
           Rebelling
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ;
           and
           finding
           a
           Discontent
           between
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           and
           the
           
             Lord
             Deputy
          
           ,
           he
           made
           use
           of
           the
           one
           
           against
           the
           other
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           surprized
           the
           Garisons
           ,
           and
           embroiled
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           hazard
           of
           Extirpating
           the
           English.
           A
           Treaty
           with
           a
           perfidious
           man
           tends
           to
           nothing
           but
           to
           make
           him
           insolent
           ,
           and
           the
           Government
           secure
           to
           its
           Ruin
           :
           If
           you
           never
           trust
           him
           ,
           he
           can
           never
           hurt
           you
           .
           The
           English
           Council
           was
           so
           weary
           of
           these
           Chargeable
           Wars
           ,
           that
           they
           dreaded
           nothing
           more
           than
           a
           War
           in
           Ireland
           :
           So
           that
           it
           was
           then
           a
           Maxim
           here
           ,
           
             That
             it
             were
             well
             for
          
           England
           ,
           if
           Ireland
           
             could
             be
             sunk
             into
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             Ocean
          
           ;
           but
           since
           that
           was
           not
           possible
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           well
           if
           they
           had
           gone
           roundly
           to
           work
           ,
           and
           sending
           competent
           Forces
           ,
           had
           pursued
           these
           counterfeiting
           Rebels
           to
           utter
           destruction
           ,
           not
           suffering
           any
           Irish-man
           to
           have
           any
           Fire-Arms
           .
        
         
           The
           Deputy
           observing
           that
           Tyrone
           
           slighted
           him
           ,
           and
           made
           his
           applications
           to
           Norris
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           sent
           Messengers
           to
           commemorate
           his
           Loyalty
           and
           Duty
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           to
           beg
           her
           Majesties
           Pardon
           ;
           he
           thereupon
           wrote
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           That
           he
           had
           not
           been
           used
           to
           Wars
           ,
           and
           was
           unacquainted
           with
           
           the
           Fatigues
           that
           attended
           Insurrections
           and
           Tumults
           :
           That
           King
           Philip
           of
           Macedonia
           was
           less
           terrible
           to
           him
           than
           a
           desultory
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           a
           barbarous
           
             Irish
             Teagne
          
           :
           That
           this
           languid
           Sedition
           might
           be
           composed
           without
           wounds
           or
           bloodshed
           ,
           as
           some
           thought
           ,
           if
           good
           men
           were
           but
           sent
           to
           treat
           with
           the
           Rebels
           :
           That
           there
           were
           those
           in
           Ireland
           who
           had
           conferred
           with
           the
           Rebels
           ,
           and
           had
           sent
           into
           England
           the
           Rebels
           Defamations
           against
           him
           and
           others
           of
           her
           Governors
           :
           By
           which
           passage
           the
           Deputy
           slily
           taxed
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           as
           one
           that
           had
           done
           nothing
           worthy
           of
           his
           former
           Military
           Reputation
           ,
           but
           thought
           to
           work
           upon
           the
           good
           nature
           of
           the
           Ulster
           Clowns
           by
           his
           Courtship
           and
           Flattery
           ;
           which
           tended
           rather
           to
           the
           making
           them
           more
           insolent
           .
           This
           carriage
           of
           the
           General
           's
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           fierce
           Contests
           and
           Quarrels
           between
           him
           and
           the
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           the
           effect
           of
           it
           was
           ,
           that
           not
           only
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Clans
           in
           Ulster
           ,
           but
           those
           also
           in
           Connanght
           and
           Leinster
           ,
           took
           Arms
           and
           revolted
           from
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           The
           Deputy
           seeing
           things
           by
           their
           Divisions
           brought
           to
           so
           desperate
           an
           estate
           ,
           resolved
           to
           get
           rid
           
           of
           the
           Government
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Letters
           humbly
           besought
           the
           Queen
           a
           good
           General
           might
           be
           sent
           in
           his
           place
           In
           this
           doubtful
           time
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           as
           earnestly
           desired
           to
           be
           Deputy
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           Brother
           ,
           who
           was
           fitter
           for
           the
           Labours
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           might
           be
           made
           President
           of
           Munster
           .
           But
           he
           obtained
           neither
           of
           his
           Requests
           .
           The
           Council
           of
           England
           was
           divided
           for
           some
           time
           between
           the
           Lord
           Burroughs
           and
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           ,
           but
           the
           latter
           joining
           with
           the
           former
           ,
           it
           was
           carried
           for
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           both
           the
           Supreme
           Civil
           and
           Military
           Power
           put
           into
           his
           hands
           .
        
         
           The
           15th
           .
           of
           May
           ,
           1597.
           
           Thomas
           
           
             Lord
             Burroughs
          
           arrived
           at
           Dublin
           ,
           with
           a
           Commission
           to
           be
           
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
          
           :
           With
           the
           Supreme
           Authority
           ,
           he
           presently
           commanded
           Norris
           to
           his
           Presidency
           of
           Munster
           ,
           which
           with
           the
           disappointment
           of
           the
           Deputy's
           Place
           ,
           broke
           his
           heart
           .
           Johnstonius
           saith
           ,
           The
           reason
           of
           this
           was
           ,
           because
           Norris
           was
           a
           person
           of
           more
           Experience
           in
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           of
           greater
           Fame
           than
           Burroughs
           .
           So
           that
           when
           he
           came
           to
           
             Dublin
             ,
             Norris
          
           was
           no
           way
           pleased
           
           with
           the
           change
           ,
           for
           that
           he
           dreaded
           the
           fiery
           Temper
           of
           that
           Lord
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           had
           formerly
           had
           some
           quarrels
           ,
           which
           he
           would
           now
           have
           willingly
           sacrificed
           to
           the
           Welfare
           of
           his
           Countrey
           .
           But
           the
           Deputy
           was
           of
           an
           Implacable
           Temper
           ,
           and
           commanded
           him
           into
           Munster
           ,
           upon
           the
           peril
           of
           his
           life
           ,
           not
           permitting
           Norris
           to
           see
           him
           :
           This
           Great
           and
           Stout
           Man
           could
           not
           bear
           the
           Affront
           ;
           but
           he
           that
           had
           run
           through
           so
           many
           Perils
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           in
           the
           
             Netherlands
             ,
             France
          
           ,
           and
           Portugal
           ;
           he
           that
           had
           despised
           the
           Rages
           of
           the
           Duke
           
             d'
             Alva
          
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           Victories
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           fell
           under
           this
           ,
           and
           expired
           in
           the
           Arms
           of
           his
           Brother
           .
           Thus
           he
           became
           a
           wonderful
           Instance
           of
           humane
           frailty
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           of
           Martial
           Courage
           ;
           being
           rather
           pitied
           than
           approved
           ;
           because
           his
           Management
           in
           Ireland
           was
           much
           inferior
           to
           what
           he
           had
           done
           elsewhere
           ,
           and
           short
           of
           what
           was
           expected
           from
           him
           .
           The
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           died
           in
           November
           following
           ;
           yet
           in
           that
           short
           time
           he
           beat
           the
           Irish
           in
           Ulster
           ,
           and
           recovered
           the
           Fort
           of
           Blackwater
           ,
           and
           Garison'd
           it
           with
           English.
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Norris
          
           was
           nominated
           
           for
           his
           Successor
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           melancholy
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           accept
           it
           ;
           his
           Brother
           the
           General
           being
           just
           then
           dead
           also
           :
           Thereupon
           the
           
             Archbishop
             of
             Dublin
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             Robert
             Gardiner
             ,
             Lord
             Chief
             Justice
             ,
          
           were
           sworn
           the
           15th
           of
           November
           ,
           when
           the
           Council
           
           concluded
           their
           Account
           of
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           
             That
             it
             was
             an
             universal
          
           Irish
           
             Rebellion
             to
             shake
             off
             all
          
           English
           Government
           .
           In
           August
           this
           year
           Tyrone
           had
           the
           good
           fortune
           to
           rout
           Marshal
           Bagnal
           his
           mortal
           Enemy
           ,
           in
           a
           Wood
           half
           a
           mile
           beyond
           Armagh
           ,
           where
           the
           Marshal
           ,
           13
           Captains
           ,
           and
           1500
           English
           Soldiers
           were
           slain
           .
           The
           
           Irish
           by
           this
           Defeat
           got
           Arms
           ,
           Victual
           ,
           Ammunition
           ,
           and
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           the
           Fort
           of
           Blackwater
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           English
           were
           reduced
           from
           an
           Offensive
           to
           a
           Defensive
           War.
           This
           nettled
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           she
           sent
           to
           Ormond
           ,
           who
           was
           Lieutenant-General
           ,
           to
           clear
           the
           Army
           of
           all
           the
           Irish
           ,
           and
           she
           sent
           2000
           Foot
           and
           100
           Horse
           to
           recruit
           the
           Army
           .
           Tyrone
           sent
           after
           this
           4000
           Kerns
           into
           Munster
           ,
           and
           the
           President
           not
           being
           able
           to
           resist
           them
           ,
           by
           reason
           his
           Forces
           were
           small
           ,
           that
           whole
           Province
           rebelled
           also
           in
           October
           ,
           1598.
           and
           began
           
           to
           Kill
           ,
           Rob
           ,
           and
           Ravage
           the
           English
           ,
           without
           Measure
           or
           Mercy
           .
           Thus
           the
           Rebellion
           grew
           to
           that
           height
           ,
           that
           it
           became
           terrible
           to
           the
           Queen
           .
           Tyrone
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           sent
           submissive
           Letters
           to
           the
           Earl
           of
           Ormond
           ,
           and
           promised
           the
           Spaniards
           that
           he
           would
           accept
           
           no
           Conditions
           from
           the
           English
           ,
           magnifying
           his
           Victories
           beyond
           all
           reason
           and
           truth
           :
           So
           that
           now
           the
           Courtiers
           in
           England
           began
           to
           consider
           ,
           as
           Mr.
           Cambden
           observes
           ,
           That
           by
           
             long
             use
             it
             was
             grown
             to
             a
             destructive
             custom
             in
          
           Ireland
           ,
           
             That
             Rebels
             and
             Traytors
             might
             with
             the
             Money
             they
             had
             gotten
             from
             the
             spoiled
          
           English
           
             by
             Pillage
             and
             Villany
             ,
             procure
             for
             themselves
             Protection
             and
             Pardon
             .
          
           The
           Queen
           was
           well
           inclined
           to
           have
           sent
           the
           Lord
           Montjoy
           into
           Ireland
           ;
           but
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           pretended
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           chosen
           .
           Others
           say
           the
           Council
           put
           him
           upon
           
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           Troubles
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           which
           had
           been
           encreased
           by
           the
           Contentions
           between
           the
           Commanders
           that
           were
           employed
           before
           ,
           and
           also
           by
           the
           deaths
           of
           Sir
           
             John
             Norris
          
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           the
           
             Lord
             Deputy
          
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           by
           the
           Defeat
           of
           Marshal
           Bagnal
           :
           That
           the
           Lords
           cried
           up
           
           the
           Valour
           of
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           to
           the
           skies
           ;
           and
           affirmed
           that
           there
           was
           not
           in
           England
           any
           General
           who
           could
           undertake
           the
           Reduction
           of
           so
           far-spread
           a
           Rebellion
           ,
           with
           that
           Prudence
           ,
           Diligence
           ,
           and
           Courage
           ,
           they
           might
           expect
           from
           him
           .
           Thus
           he
           was
           sent
           thither
           by
           the
           perfidious
           Commendations
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           against
           the
           opinion
           of
           his
           real
           and
           true
           Friends
           ,
           that
           they
           that
           put
           him
           upon
           it
           might
           when
           he
           was
           there
           ,
           find
           an
           opportunity
           to
           ruin
           him
           .
           The
           Earl
           on
           the
           other
           side
           was
           anxious
           ,
           and
           unresolved
           what
           to
           do
           ;
           for
           as
           he
           feared
           the
           Fate
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           who
           perished
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           so
           he
           could
           not
           tell
           how
           to
           oppose
           his
           own
           Destiny
           ;
           and
           accepted
           of
           an
           Employment
           which
           no
           other
           durst
           pretend
           to
           ,
           purely
           to
           comply
           with
           the
           good
           opinion
           of
           the
           whole
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           which
           loaded
           him
           with
           Praises
           on
           this
           occasion
           ,
           tho
           in
           his
           heart
           he
           misdoubted
           the
           Event
           .
           The
           Queen
           also
           sent
           him
           away
           thither
           with
           great
           Testimonies
           of
           her
           Affection
           to
           him
           ,
           commending
           him
           excessively
           for
           preferring
           her
           Service
           before
           his
           own
           Safety
           ;
           but
           then
           this
           was
           the
           last
           good
           day
           that
           unfortunate
           Earl
           ever
           saw
           .
        
         
         
           He
           landed
           there
           the
           15th
           .
           of
           April
           ,
           
           1599.
           with
           13000
           Horse
           ,
           and
           16000
           Foot
           ,
           which
           were
           made
           up
           20000.
           there
           being
           more
           than
           that
           number
           in
           Arms
           against
           the
           Queen
           :
           But
           with
           all
           these
           Forces
           he
           did
           nothing
           worthy
           of
           his
           former
           Reputation
           ,
           or
           of
           his
           Army
           :
           And
           that
           Winter
           he
           went
           out
           of
           Ireland
           in
           a
           Discontent
           ,
           without
           the
           Queen's
           Leave
           ,
           and
           returned
           unexpectedly
           to
           the
           Court
           ,
           which
           proved
           his
           Ruin.
           Tyrone
           grew
           insolent
           hereupon
           ,
           and
           profess'd
           publickly
           he
           would
           recover
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Religion
           and
           his
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           
             Charles
             Lord
             Montjoy
          
           was
           thereupon
           
           sent
           
             Lord
             Deputy
          
           ,
           who
           landed
           the
           24th
           .
           of
           February
           ,
           1599
           /
           600
           The
           English
           Army
           was
           then
           1200
           Horse
           ,
           and
           14000
           Foot
           ;
           and
           the
           General
           finding
           the
           Irish
           Strength
           was
           in
           their
           Fastnesses
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           ruin
           them
           by
           small
           flying
           Parties
           placed
           in
           Garisons
           ;
           and
           this
           way
           accordingly
           destroyed
           them
           without
           redress
           ,
           and
           they
           began
           to
           talk
           of
           submitting
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           regarded
           ,
           because
           all
           the
           world
           saw
           there
           was
           no
           Truth
           ,
           Faith
           ,
           or
           Honour
           in
           this
           barbarous
           and
           false
           Enemy
           .
           From
           thenceforward
           
           many
           that
           begged
           for
           Pardon
           
           were
           denied
           it
           ,
           if
           they
           did
           not
           bring
           in
           the
           Heads
           of
           their
           Fellow-Traytors
           ,
           or
           do
           some
           other
           considerable
           service
           to
           purchase
           it
           ,
           which
           they
           seldom
           failed
           of
           attempting
           ,
           and
           were
           very
           often
           taken
           by
           their
           own
           Party
           in
           the
           Fact
           and
           hanged
           .
           The
           War
           went
           vigorously
           on
           ,
           and
           the
           Rebels
           were
           generally
           beaten
           in
           all
           places
           till
           the
           23d
           of
           September
           ,
           1601.
           when
           the
           Spaniards
           landed
           at
           
           Kingsale
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           immediately
           sat
           down
           before
           it
           ;
           yet
           the
           Spaniards
           (
           tho
           beaten
           in
           every
           Sally
           )
           defended
           the
           Town
           to
           the
           24th
           .
           of
           December
           ,
           when
           there
           was
           a
           general
           Battel
           between
           Tyrone
           and
           all
           the
           Rebels
           on
           the
           one
           side
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           of
           the
           English
           as
           could
           be
           spared
           out
           of
           the
           Trenches
           :
           Tyrone
           was
           beaten
           out
           of
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           he
           lost
           1200
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           800
           wounded
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           lost
           only
           one
           Cornet
           ,
           and
           six
           Soldiers
           :
           The
           Spaniards
           knew
           nothing
           of
           the
           Battel
           ,
           and
           made
           no
           Sally
           till
           it
           was
           over
           ,
           tho
           the
           Fight
           was
           within
           one
           Mile
           of
           Kingsale
           ,
           but
           then
           they
           sallied
           twice
           to
           no
           purpose
           ;
           whereupon
           ,
           the
           31st
           .
           of
           December
           ,
           the
           Spaniards
           capitulated
           ,
           and
           delivered
           up
           the
           Town
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           
           the
           War
           went
           on
           so
           successfully
           against
           these
           Rebels
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           reduced
           to
           such
           Necessities
           ,
           that
           the
           Parents
           eat
           their
           Children
           ,
           and
           three
           Children
           roasted
           the
           flesh
           of
           their
           dead
           Mother
           ,
           
           and
           lived
           upon
           it
           twenty
           days
           ;
           so
           that
           this
           exceeded
           the
           Famine
           of
           Jerusalem
           :
           The
           30th
           ,
           of
           March
           ,
           1602.
           
           Tyrone
           
           submitted
           to
           Mercy
           at
           Melifont
           ,
           begging
           to
           be
           received
           upon
           his
           Knees
           .
           Thus
           ended
           this
           most
           dangerous
           Rebellion
           that
           ever
           was
           made
           in
           Ireland
           before
           that
           time
           ,
           about
           a
           week
           after
           the
           Death
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           before
           it
           was
           known
           .
           It
           had
           never
           risen
           to
           that
           height
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           over-great
           penuriousness
           of
           the
           Queen
           ;
           for
           which
           she
           afterwards
           paid
           very
           dear
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           the
           happiness
           to
           see
           the
           Traytor
           Tyrone
           at
           her
           foot
           before
           her
           Death
           ;
           but
           however
           she
           was
           sufficiently
           revenged
           of
           all
           her
           Enemies
           ,
           by
           the
           Ruin
           ,
           Famine
           ,
           Deaths
           ,
           and
           Plagues
           that
           fell
           upon
           them
           ;
           Heaven
           favouring
           her
           Cause
           ,
           and
           blasting
           all
           their
           Undertakings
           against
           her
           .
           It
           is
           very
           observable
           ,
           
           that
           the
           main
           pretence
           of
           this
           Rebellion
           ,
           was
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           
             Roman-Catholick
             Religion
          
           ;
           yet
           there
           was
           then
           never
           any
           Law
           passed
           in
           this
           
           Kingdom
           against
           it
           ,
           nor
           any
           Prosecution
           made
           of
           those
           that
           professed
           it
           ;
           but
           they
           had
           a
           perfect
           Liberty
           of
           Conscience
           to
           embrace
           which
           of
           the
           Religions
           they
           pleased
           ;
           only
           the
           Church-Preferments
           and
           Revenues
           were
           put
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Clergy
           ,
           and
           the
           Tythes
           paid
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           Government
           was
           generally
           put
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Nobility
           and
           Gentry
           ,
           but
           so
           that
           they
           were
           mixed
           ;
           and
           they
           of
           the
           other
           Religion
           being
           more
           in
           number
           ,
           were
           commonly
           returned
           on
           all
           Juries
           :
           So
           that
           Liberty
           
           
             of
             Conscience
          
           will
           not
           keep
           a
           divided
           Kingdom
           always
           quiet
           ;
           but
           there
           have
           ever
           been
           men
           to
           be
           found
           ,
           who
           are
           as
           uneasie
           when
           they
           cannot
           persecute
           others
           ,
           as
           when
           they
           themselves
           are
           persecuted
           .
           The
           Charge
           of
           this
           War
           from
           the
           first
           of
           October
           ,
           1598.
           to
           the
           first
           of
           April
           ,
           1603.
           amounted
           to
           Eleven
           hundred
           ninety
           eight
           thousand
           seven
           hundred
           and
           seventeen
           Pounds
           Nineteen
           Shillings
           and
           One
           Peny
           ,
           as
           Mr.
           Cox
           assures
           us
           ;
           from
           whence
           he
           inferreth
           how
           justly
           the
           Irish
           had
           for
           feited
           the
           Estates
           were
           taken
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           how
           reasonable
           it
           will
           ever
           be
           for
           the
           English
           in
           Ireland
           to
           contribute
           
           freely
           to
           the
           maintaining
           of
           a
           good
           Army
           for
           the
           preserving
           that
           Kingdom
           in
           Peace
           .
        
         
           In
           her
           time
           the
           
             English
             Nation
          
           was
           
           at
           its
           highest
           pitch
           of
           Honour
           ,
           Wealth
           ,
           and
           Reputation
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           also
           in
           the
           greatest
           esteem
           that
           was
           possible
           with
           all
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           ;
           because
           she
           had
           delivered
           Scotland
           from
           the
           hated
           Dominion
           of
           the
           French
           ;
           and
           she
           had
           after
           this
           succoured
           and
           supported
           the
           Netherlands
           when
           their
           Affairs
           were
           most
           desperate
           ;
           she
           had
           sent
           vast
           Treasures
           into
           France
           to
           support
           Henry
           the
           IVth
           .
           against
           the
           Holy
           League
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ;
           and
           when
           after
           all
           ,
           Ireland
           had
           been
           stirr'd
           up
           against
           her
           ,
           and
           had
           made
           almost
           a
           general
           Revolt
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           a
           false
           and
           treacherous
           Traytor
           ,
           she
           had
           the
           good
           fortune
           to
           reduce
           that
           Kingdom
           by
           the
           Prosperity
           of
           her
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           Valour
           of
           her
           Subjects
           .
           Spain
           was
           in
           her
           time
           terrible
           to
           all
           the
           other
           Nations
           in
           Europe
           ,
           till
           her
           Navies
           afflicted
           and
           ruined
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           burning
           their
           Fleets
           and
           Naval
           Stores
           at
           the
           Groyne
           and
           Cadiz
           .
           Her
           Fame
           spread
           it self
           to
           the
           most
           distant
           
           parts
           of
           Europe
           ;
           and
           the
           Muscovites
           and
           Turks
           ,
           who
           were
           only
           known
           by
           report
           to
           the
           English
           before
           her
           happy
           times
           ,
           sent
           Ambassies
           to
           her
           to
           beg
           her
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           settle
           Commerce
           and
           Trade
           with
           her
           .
           The
           King
           of
           Morocco
           and
           Fez
           ,
           in
           Barbary
           in
           Africa
           ,
           sent
           also
           an
           Ambassy
           to
           her
           ;
           so
           that
           her
           Subjects
           had
           the
           pleasure
           of
           smiling
           at
           the
           half-naked
           Moors
           ,
           and
           the
           Russ
           who
           were
           loaded
           with
           Furs
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
           The
           
             Hollander
             ,
             French
             ,
             Poles
             ,
             Germans
             ,
             Danes
             ,
          
           and
           Swedes
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Nations
           about
           her
           ,
           begged
           her
           Friendship
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           ,
           her
           Assistance
           and
           Protection
           in
           times
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           on
           every
           occasion
           testified
           their
           sense
           of
           her
           Favours
           ,
           and
           their
           Gratitude
           for
           the
           good
           offices
           she
           had
           done
           them
           .
           She
           laboured
           always
           to
           unite
           those
           
           Princes
           who
           were
           her
           Friends
           and
           Allies
           ,
           by
           Marriages
           and
           other
           such
           methods
           ;
           if
           any
           Controversie
           or
           Difference
           at
           any
           time
           arose
           between
           them
           ,
           she
           sent
           her
           Letters
           and
           her
           Ambassadors
           to
           both
           the
           Parties
           to
           compose
           them
           ;
           and
           they
           on
           the
           other
           side
           did
           for
           the
           most
           part
           acquiesce
           in
           her
           Judgment
           ,
           and
           yield
           to
           her
           Authority
           .
           If
           
           in
           any
           part
           of
           her
           Dominions
           the
           Countrey
           hapned
           to
           become
           desolate
           and
           ill
           peopl'd
           ,
           she
           took
           particular
           care
           to
           send
           Colonies
           thither
           to
           supply
           that
           defect
           .
           She
           brought
           her
           meanest
           Subjects
           from
           an
           idle
           ,
           poor
           ,
           and
           beggarly
           way
           of
           living
           ,
           to
           the
           practice
           of
           good
           and
           useful
           Trades
           ;
           many
           of
           which
           were
           brought
           into
           England
           in
           her
           time
           by
           the
           banished
           and
           persecuted
           Netherlanders
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           .
           She
           made
           the
           Naval
           Glory
           of
           England
           equal
           to
           its
           Military
           or
           Land-Service
           and
           Reputation
           .
           The
           Bounds
           of
           her
           Fame
           were
           not
           confined
           to
           England
           ,
           but
           extended
           to
           the
           utmost
           parts
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           the
           farthest
           Recesses
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ;
           for
           her
           Subjects
           in
           her
           time
           passed
           the
           Li●…e
           ,
           and
           filled
           all
           the
           corners
           of
           the
           habitable
           world
           with
           the
           fame
           of
           this
           most
           Celebrated
           Queen
           .
           There
           was
           no
           place
           in
           the
           wide
           and
           remotest
           Ocean
           ,
           but
           her
           Subjects
           sailed
           thither
           with
           their
           Merchandize
           to
           enrich
           their
           Countrey
           .
           The
           English
           Fleets
           then
           first
           pierced
           into
           the
           vast
           Bays
           of
           the
           East-Indian
           Ocean
           ;
           and
           they
           frequented
           the
           Philippine
           Islands
           ,
           and
           the
           South
           Parts
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           the
           Eastern
           Shores
           
           of
           
             Affrica
             .
             Drake
          
           and
           Cavendish
           ,
           in
           these
           times
           went
           round
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           erected
           every
           where
           Trophies
           to
           the
           Honour
           of
           their
           Queen
           .
           This
           last
           was
           not
           only
           above
           the
           hopes
           ,
           but
           beyond
           the
           thoughts
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           so
           far
           they
           were
           of
           attempting
           any
           thing
           of
           that
           nature
           before
           .
        
         
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Drake
          
           was
           of
           a
           mean
           and
           
           obscure
           Extraction
           ,
           and
           born
           in
           Devonshire
           ,
           his
           Father
           embracing
           the
           
             Protestant
             Religion
          
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Henry
           VIII
           .
           was
           persecuted
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           forced
           to
           remove
           for
           his
           greater
           security
           into
           Kent
           ,
           after
           which
           he
           entred
           Orders
           ,
           and
           by
           Poverty
           was
           constrained
           to
           bind
           his
           Son
           to
           the
           Master
           of
           a
           Ship
           ,
           who
           sometimes
           passed
           into
           France
           and
           Flanders
           .
           The
           young
           Man
           so
           well
           pleased
           his
           Master
           ,
           that
           he
           dying
           unmarried
           ,
           he
           gave
           this
           Servant
           of
           his
           ,
           his
           Ship.
           After
           this
           he
           put
           himself
           under
           Mr.
           
             John
             Hawkins
          
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           year
           1567.
           was
           preparing
           a
           small
           Fleet
           at
           Plymouth
           ,
           with
           a
           design
           to
           discover
           some
           yet
           unknown
           Parts
           of
           America
           ;
           but
           this
           Voyage
           was
           very
           unfortunate
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           falling
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           he
           lost
           all
           
           his
           stock
           ,
           and
           hardly
           escaped
           with
           his
           Liberty
           .
           After
           this
           he
           became
           one
           of
           the
           most
           famous
           Mariners
           this
           Nation
           has
           produced
           ;
           and
           by
           his
           industry
           he
           opened
           the
           way
           to
           both
           the
           Indies
           ,
           which
           before
           was
           not
           known
           to
           the
           English.
           For
           about
           five
           years
           after
           this
           first
           Voyage
           ,
           he
           preyed
           as
           a
           Pyrate
           upon
           the
           Spaniards
           wheresoever
           he
           found
           them
           ,
           and
           could
           master
           them
           ;
           and
           having
           by
           this
           means
           acquired
           a
           good
           sum
           of
           Money
           ,
           he
           built
           a
           stout
           Ship
           ,
           which
           he
           called
           the
           Dragon
           ,
           with
           which
           and
           two
           Barks
           he
           ventured
           once
           more
           in
           the
           Year
           1572.
           to
           visit
           the
           Coasts
           of
           America
           ,
           and
           took
           
             Nombre
             de
             Dios
          
           ,
           a
           Town
           in
           the
           Bay
           of
           Mexico
           .
           Here
           he
           was
           informed
           by
           the
           Negroes
           that
           were
           Slaves
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           (
           and
           were
           called
           Cimarones
           )
           that
           a
           vast
           Treasure
           in
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           was
           to
           be
           shortly
           after
           transported
           by
           Mules
           and
           other
           Land-Carriages
           from
           Panama
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           be
           shipped
           for
           Spain
           :
           These
           he
           waylayed
           ,
           and
           seized
           all
           this
           Wealth
           ,
           which
           proved
           much
           more
           than
           he
           could
           bring
           away
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           was
           forced
           to
           leave
           the
           Silver
           ,
           a
           great
           part
           of
           which
           he
           buried
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           but
           he
           got
           all
           the
           Gold
           on
           board
           his
           Ship
           ;
           after
           
           which
           he
           burnt
           
             Sancta
             Cruz
          
           ,
           a
           Rich
           Receptacle
           of
           the
           Merchandises
           of
           this
           Country
           ,
           seated
           upon
           the
           River
           Chiagre
           ,
           which
           falls
           into
           the
           Gulf
           of
           Mexico
           ,
           at
           
             Porto
             Bello
          
           .
           This
           Town
           of
           
             Sancta
             Cruz
          
           seems
           to
           be
           that
           which
           Mr.
           Gage
           in
           his
           Travels
           calls
           
             Venta
             de
             Cruzes
          
           ,
           and
           saith
           it
           lies
           about
           twelve
           Leagues
           from
           Panama
           to
           the
           East
           ,
           upon
           the
           Chiagre
           ,
           and
           was
           in
           his
           time
           inhabited
           by
           none
           but
           Mulatto's
           and
           Black-Moors
           ,
           who
           belonged
           to
           the
           Boats
           that
           carry
           the
           Goods
           brought
           thither
           from
           Panama
           to
           
             Porto
             Bello
          
           .
           Thus
           far
           this
           bold
           Captain
           ventured
           to
           travel
           by
           Land
           with
           a
           small
           Party
           of
           resolute
           English
           men
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           loss
           and
           terror
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           success
           of
           it
           encouraged
           others
           to
           follow
           him
           .
           So
           that
           the
           Buccaneers
           ,
           which
           in
           our
           times
           have
           performed
           such
           wonderful
           things
           in
           America
           ,
           have
           only
           followed
           him
           in
           their
           Adventures
           .
           From
           the
           Mountains
           of
           
             St.
             Pablo
          
           upon
           this
           River
           he
           first
           saw
           the
           
             Mar
             del
             Zur
          
           ,
           or
           the
           
             Pacifick
             Occan
          
           ,
           which
           washeth
           the
           Western
           Shoars
           of
           America
           ,
           and
           thereupon
           being
           strangely
           possess'd
           with
           a
           strong
           desire
           to
           sail
           herafter
           upon
           thatOcean
           ,
           he
           fell
           down
           upon
           his
           Knees
           ,
           
           and
           beseeched
           God
           to
           grant
           him
           that
           favour
           ,
           vowing
           to
           do
           his
           utmost
           for
           the
           discovering
           it
           ;
           and
           from
           thenceforth
           he
           found
           no
           rest
           in
           his
           mind
           night
           or
           day
           ,
           till
           he
           had
           accomplished
           this
           Resolution
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           our
           Great
           Man
           having
           divided
           the
           spoil
           he
           had
           taken
           amongst
           his
           followers
           ,
           with
           an
           open
           hand
           to
           all
           their
           content
           ,
           he
           set
           sail
           for
           England
           with
           vast
           Riches
           .
           Whilst
           others
           gazed
           on
           the
           Gold
           he
           brought
           home
           with
           wonder
           ;
           He
           gloried
           in
           nothing
           but
           that
           he
           had
           seen
           the
           
             Mar
             de
             Zur
          
           ,
           and
           thought
           of
           nothing
           but
           the
           making
           Preparations
           to
           sail
           upon
           it
           ,
           which
           the
           Treasure
           he
           had
           got
           (
           for
           he
           was
           now
           become
           very
           rich
           )
           furnished
           him
           with
           means
           to
           effect
           ,
           and
           enabled
           him
           to
           build
           Ships
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           he
           was
           thus
           employed
           ,
           one
           
           
             John
             Oxenham
          
           a
           Common
           Sailer
           ,
           who
           had
           served
           under
           him
           in
           his
           former
           Expeditions
           ,
           as
           a
           Soldier
           ,
           Seaman
           ,
           and
           Cook
           ,
           and
           had
           gained
           the
           name
           of
           a
           Captain
           amongst
           the
           Mariners
           ,
           having
           scraped
           together
           under
           hand
           a
           good
           stock
           ,
           took
           up
           the
           same
           Project
           ,
           and
           resolved
           once
           more
           to
           rob
           the
           Mulatto's
           ,
           
           and
           sail
           upon
           that
           Sea
           before
           his
           Master
           ;
           to
           this
           end
           he
           got
           a
           single
           Ship
           ,
           and
           70
           Sailors
           to
           venture
           with
           him
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           year
           1575.
           failed
           to
           the
           same
           place
           ;
           but
           hearing
           from
           the
           Negroes
           ,
           that
           now
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           become
           so
           cautious
           as
           to
           send
           a
           Guard
           of
           Soldiers
           with
           their
           Caravans
           ,
           to
           guard
           them
           from
           Panama
           to
           
             Porto
             Bello
          
           ,
           he
           drew
           his
           Ship
           ashore
           in
           a
           desolate
           place
           ,
           and
           covered
           it
           with
           Boughs
           ,
           burying
           his
           Cannon
           and
           Provisions
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           then
           with
           all
           his
           Company
           ,
           and
           six
           Negroes
           for
           his
           Guide
           ,
           he
           travelled
           to
           a
           River
           ,
           which
           falls
           into
           the
           
             South
             Sea
          
           ,
           where
           he
           cut
           down
           Timber
           ,
           and
           built
           some
           Boats
           ,
           and
           so
           passed
           to
           the
           
             Island
             of
             Pearls
          
           in
           that
           Ocean
           ,
           which
           lay
           not
           far
           from
           the
           Mouth
           of
           this
           River
           ;
           where
           he
           staid
           ten
           days
           to
           expect
           the
           return
           of
           the
           Ships
           from
           Peru
           ;
           and
           he
           intercepted
           one
           with
           fixty
           pound
           of
           Gold
           ,
           and
           another
           with
           One
           hundred
           pound
           of
           Silver
           ;
           and
           in
           these
           ships
           he
           passed
           back
           to
           the
           River
           .
           The
           News
           of
           this
           being
           brought
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           they
           sent
           
             John
             de
             Ortega
          
           ,
           with
           an
           hundred
           Soldiers
           ,
           to
           pursue
           the
           bold
           Adventurers
           ;
           the
           River
           had
           Three
           Mouths
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           doubtful
           which
           
           to
           chuse
           ,
           till
           the
           Feathers
           of
           the
           Fowls
           the
           English
           had
           eaten
           ,
           came
           down
           ,
           and
           shewed
           him
           which
           way
           they
           were
           gone
           before
           :
           The
           Spaniards
           found
           the
           Gold
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           contending
           about
           the
           dividing
           of
           it
           amongst
           them
           ,
           but
           they
           soon
           put
           an
           end
           to
           the
           brawl
           ,
           and
           defended
           themselves
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           were
           more
           numerous
           than
           they
           ,
           with
           great
           Courage
           ,
           but
           many
           of
           them
           being
           slain
           in
           the
           Fight
           ,
           the
           rest
           were
           taken
           ,
           and
           amongst
           them
           Oxenham
           the
           Captain●…
           and
           sent
           to
           Lima
           ,
           where
           being
           not
           able
           to
           produce
           any
           Commission
           from
           the
           Queen
           for
           the
           invading
           these
           Spanish
           Dominions
           ,
           he
           and
           many
           of
           the
           Mariners
           were
           executed
           as
           Pyrates
           ,
           and
           the
           common
           enemies
           of
           mankind
           .
        
         
           Drake
           ,
           who
           knew
           nothing
           of
           this
           
           Attempt
           and
           Miscarriage
           of
           Oxenham
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1577.
           the
           13th
           .
           of
           December
           ,
           set
           sail
           from
           Plimouth
           with
           five
           Ships
           ,
           and
           163
           Mariners
           ;
           the
           16th
           .
           of
           April
           he
           arrived
           in
           the
           Mouth
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Plate
           in
           Brafil
           ;
           the
           20th
           .
           of
           August
           he
           arrived
           at
           the
           Mouth
           of
           the
           Streights
           of
           Magellan
           ;
           when
           he
           came
           into
           the
           Pacifick
           Ocean
           ,
           he
           found
           
           it
           very
           turbulent
           ,
           and
           was
           driven
           by
           a
           furious
           Tempest
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           days
           ,
           above
           a
           hundred
           Leagues
           to
           the
           South
           ;
           and
           here
           one
           of
           the
           Ships
           being
           separated
           ,
           returned
           back
           again
           through
           these
           Streights
           into
           England
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           Drake
           took
           St.
           Jago
           in
           Chili
           ,
           and
           plundered
           
           it
           ,
           and
           here
           he
           got
           a
           Prize
           with
           400
           pound
           of
           pure
           Gold.
           Arriving
           at
           Turapassa
           ,
           he
           found
           13
           Bars
           of
           Massy
           Silver
           ,
           of
           the
           value
           of
           CCCCM
           Ducats
           ,
           which
           was
           left
           on
           the
           ground
           by
           some
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           were
           asleep
           by
           it
           ;
           he
           took
           the
           Silver
           ,
           and
           never
           waked
           the
           Keepers
           of
           it
           .
           From
           thence
           he
           pass'd
           to
           the
           Port
           of
           Arica
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           found
           three
           Ships
           without
           one
           man
           in
           them
           ,
           but
           there
           was
           57
           Wedges
           of
           Silver
           ,
           each
           of
           20
           pound
           weight
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           Merchandize
           which
           he
           took
           .
           Arriving
           at
           Lima
           ,
           he
           found
           twelve
           Ships
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           Mariners
           were
           on
           shore
           ,
           and
           yet
           in
           them
           he
           had
           a
           great
           quantity
           of
           Silk
           ,
           and
           a
           Chest
           of
           Minted
           Silver
           ;
           which
           shews
           how
           secure
           from
           Pyrates
           this
           Coast
           had
           to
           this
           time
           been
           .
           Nor
           in
           truth
           till
           this
           time
           had
           any
           other
           than
           the
           Spaniards
           ever
           sailed
           upon
           this
           Sea
           ,
           except
           Oxenham
           .
           In
           his
           journey
           to
           Panama
           he
           took
           a
           
           Barque
           without
           any
           resistance
           ,
           that
           afforded
           him
           80
           pound
           weight
           of
           Gold.
           The
           first
           of
           March
           he
           took
           a
           Ship
           called
           the
           Cacofoga
           ,
           which
           had
           on
           board
           80
           pound
           weight
           of
           Gold
           ,
           and
           13
           Chests
           of
           Minted
           Money
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           Silver
           as
           balasted
           his
           own
           Ship
           ;
           the
           Master
           of
           this
           Ship
           told
           him
           ,
           That
           his
           Ship
           Drake's
           )
           should
           henceforth
           be
           call'd
           the
           Cacofoga
           ,
           and
           the
           Spanish
           Ship
           the
           Cacoplata
           .
        
         
           Being
           thus
           wonderfully
           enriched
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           he
           thought
           ,
           sufficiently
           avenged
           on
           the
           Spaniards
           for
           the
           Loss
           he
           had
           sustained
           in
           his
           first
           Attempt
           upon
           
             Vera
             Crnz
          
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           consider
           of
           his
           return
           ;
           and
           not
           thinking
           the
           passage
           by
           the
           Streights
           of
           Magellan
           safe
           (
           as
           in
           truth
           it
           was
           beset
           by
           the
           Orders
           of
           
             Francis
             Duke
             of
             Toledo
          
           ,
           then
           Viceroy
           of
           Peru
           )
           he
           directed
           his
           Course
           Northward
           to
           the
           height
           of
           42
           Degrees
           of
           
             North
             Latitude
          
           ,
           to
           seek
           a
           paslage
           ;
           but
           finding
           nothing
           but
           snow
           and
           defolate
           shores
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           38
           degrees
           ,
           and
           Wintered
           there
           ,
           calling
           the
           Countrey
           
             New
             Albion
          
           ;
           and
           here
           the
           naked
           people
           chofe
           him
           for
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           ignorance
           shewed
           him
           plainly
           
           the
           Spaniards
           had
           never
           been
           so
           far
           that
           way
           .
           In
           the
           Month
           of
           November
           he
           
           set
           sail
           for
           the
           Molucca
           Islands
           ;
           the
           9th
           .
           of
           January
           his
           Ship
           stuck
           27
           hours
           upon
           a
           Rock
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           blessing
           of
           God
           came
           off
           it
           by
           a
           side-wind
           ,
           which
           seem'd
           to
           be
           sent
           of
           purpose
           to
           save
           this
           Hero.
           From
           thence
           he
           passed
           to
           the
           Jsland
           of
           Java
           in
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           the
           Cape
           of
           
             Good
             Hope
          
           ,
           which
           had
           never
           been
           seen
           before
           by
           any
           English-man
           ;
           and
           Watering
           at
           the
           
             Rio
             Grande
          
           in
           Africa
           ,
           he
           arrived
           in
           England
           the
           3d.
           of
           November
           ,
           1580.
           having
           in
           this
           time
           gone
           round
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           Earth
           .
           The
           People
           of
           England
           received
           him
           with
           great
           Triumph
           ,
           and
           a
           Publick
           Joy
           ;
           and
           the
           Queen
           as
           a
           Reward
           of
           the
           good
           Service
           he
           had
           done
           her
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           Knighted
           him
           ,
           and
           caused
           the
           Ship
           he
           had
           sailed
           in
           to
           be
           laid
           up
           at
           Deptford
           .
           Mr.
           Gage
           ,
           our
           Countrey-man
           ,
           who
           lived
           some
           years
           in
           the
           Spanish
           Territories
           in
           America
           ,
           assures
           us
           ,
           his
           Memory
           is
           preserved
           there
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           admire
           this
           Expedition
           ,
           and
           teach
           their
           Children
           to
           fear
           even
           his
           Name
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Queen
           often
           made
           him
           one
           of
           her
           Admirals
           ;
           
           and
           he
           being
           grown
           exceeding
           rich
           ,
           took
           diligent
           care
           to
           put
           out
           a
           greater
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           openly
           assaulted
           the
           Island
           of
           St.
           Jago
           ,
           and
           took
           St.
           Domingo
           ,
           and
           Carthagena
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           in
           the
           
             West
             Indies
          
           ,
           being
           sent
           by
           the
           Queen
           with
           21
           Ships
           ,
           and
           2300
           men
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           1585.
           
           The
           Towns
           they
           took
           in
           this
           Expedition
           were
           either
           so
           poor
           that
           there
           was
           nothing
           of
           Silver
           or
           Gold
           to
           be
           found
           in
           them
           ,
           or
           they
           had
           had
           such
           previous
           notice
           of
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           sent
           a
           way
           all
           that
           was
           valuable
           ;
           yet
           
             St.
             Domingo
          
           and
           Carthagena
           were
           forced
           to
           redeem
           themselves
           from
           Fire
           by
           Money
           ;
           the
           first
           gave
           Twenty
           five
           thousand
           Ducats
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           One
           hundred
           and
           ten
           thousand
           ,
           which
           was
           presently
           divided
           amongst
           the
           Mariners
           and
           Seamen
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           more
           regretted
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           ships
           ,
           great
           numbers
           being
           burnt
           ;
           and
           this
           hastned
           the
           Invasion
           designed
           upon
           England
           ,
           which
           was
           undertaken
           in
           the
           year
           1588.
           which
           miscarrying
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Greatness
           dwindled
           into
           nothing
           ;
           and
           after
           the
           Queen's
           Death
           they
           were
           glad
           to
           send
           to
           King
           James
           the
           First
           ,
           her
           Successor
           ,
           to
           beg
           a
           Peace
           in
           the
           first
           year
           
           of
           his
           Reign
           ;
           so
           the
           Honour
           of
           Reducing
           Spain
           was
           hers
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           setling
           Peace
           ,
           after
           a
           War
           that
           had
           lasted
           so
           long
           ,
           his
           .
        
         
           The
           Riches
           and
           Fame
           Sir
           Francis
           
           Drake
           had
           acquired
           in
           these
           Maritime
           Expeditions
           ,
           encouraged
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Cavendish
          
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           Trimely
           in
           the
           County
           of
           Suffolk
           ,
           to
           pursue
           the
           same
           methods
           for
           the
           raising
           his
           Fortunes
           ,
           and
           with
           them
           the
           Reputation
           and
           Glory
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           .
           The
           21st
           of
           July
           ,
           1586.
           he
           set
           out
           from
           Plimouth
           with
           three
           ships
           ,
           the
           biggest
           of
           which
           was
           but
           120
           Tuns
           ,
           and
           123
           Seamen
           ,
           with
           Provisions
           for
           two
           years
           .
           With
           this
           small
           Fleet
           he
           passed
           the
           Streights
           of
           Magellan
           ,
           and
           sailed
           up
           to
           the
           Coast
           of
           
             New
             Spain
          
           in
           the
           
             Mar
             del
             Zur
          
           ,
           and
           took
           19
           of
           the
           Spanish
           Merchant
           ships
           ,
           and
           burnt
           two
           or
           three
           of
           their
           Towns
           ,
           and
           then
           sailing
           to
           the
           Philippine
           Islands
           ,
           the
           Molucca's
           ,
           and
           the
           Cape
           of
           
             Good
             Hope
          
           ,
           he
           staid
           some
           time
           in
           
             St.
             Helens
          
           ;
           and
           the
           9th
           .
           of
           September
           ,
           1588.
           he
           returned
           to
           Plymouth
           ;
           he
           having
           been
           the
           second
           man
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           that
           went
           round
           the
           Globe
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           with
           no
           less
           Honour
           ,
           
           tho
           he
           returned
           with
           less
           Spoils
           than
           the
           first
           Adventurer
           .
           The
           Queen
           entertained
           him
           at
           Greenwich
           ,
           and
           bestowed
           upon
           him
           many
           Marks
           of
           her
           Favour
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           some
           considerable
           Rewards
           .
           Sir
           
             Martin
             Forbisher
          
           ,
           or
           Frobisher
           ,
           Sir
           
             John
             Hawkins
             ,
             Davis
             ,
             Jackman
             ,
             Jenkenson
             ,
          
           and
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Rawleigh
          
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           employed
           their
           time
           in
           searching
           out
           the
           remotest
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           very
           good
           effect
           ,
           there
           having
           been
           great
           Trades
           driven
           ever
           since
           by
           the
           Dutch
           and
           English
           ,
           by
           the
           means
           of
           their
           Discoveries
           .
           Mr.
           
             Richard
             Hackluit
          
           ,
           
           who
           lived
           in
           these
           times
           ,
           took
           a
           particular
           care
           to
           collect
           and
           publish
           the
           Journals
           of
           all
           these
           Voyages
           ;
           by
           which
           he
           des●…rved
           very
           well
           of
           this
           Nation
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           a
           great
           pity
           that
           his
           Works
           are
           become
           so
           scarce
           ,
           and
           so
           little
           known
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           man
           has
           since
           pursued
           the
           same
           method
           ;
           these
           Discourses
           being
           of
           great
           use
           for
           all
           Mariners
           ,
           and
           serving
           very
           much
           for
           the
           enlarging
           and
           clearing
           the
           Geography
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Philip
           King
           of
           Spain
           being
           highly
           incensed
           by
           the
           ruin
           of
           so
           many
           of
           his
           
           Towns
           ,
           and
           the
           losses
           he
           had
           sustained
           
           by
           Drake's
           Expeditions
           ,
           gave
           Order
           that
           all
           the
           English
           Sea-men
           that
           should
           after
           this
           be
           taken
           in
           America
           ,
           should
           be
           treated
           like
           Pyrates
           and
           the
           Enemies
           of
           mankind
           :
           And
           all
           the
           Merchant
           Ships
           that
           fell
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           were
           seized
           ,
           and
           the
           Merchants
           imprisoned
           ,
           tho
           there
           was
           then
           no
           open
           Wars
           proclaimed
           ;
           and
           he
           laid
           cunning
           Designs
           to
           ruin
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           which
           the
           necessity
           of
           his
           other
           affairs
           put
           off
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           were
           Threats
           of
           a
           War
           ,
           and
           great
           Preparations
           made
           for
           it
           ,
           rather
           than
           a
           War.
           But
           when
           he
           saw
           Threats
           and
           Anger
           would
           not
           terrifie
           the
           English
           ,
           he
           turned
           his
           secret
           Anger
           into
           open
           War
           ,
           and
           entred
           into
           a
           Contention
           which
           in
           the
           end
           proved
           fatal
           to
           himself
           and
           his
           Nation
           :
           
           He
           prepared
           to
           that
           end
           a
           vast
           Fleet
           of
           134
           Sail
           of
           Ships
           ,
           so
           great
           ,
           so
           arm'd
           ,
           and
           so
           mann'd
           ,
           that
           perhaps
           the
           Ocean
           never
           bore
           such
           another
           on
           its
           proud
           Billows
           ;
           there
           was
           on
           board
           it
           20000
           Land-men
           ,
           and
           8300
           Seamen
           ,
           and
           the
           Command
           of
           it
           was
           committed
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Medina
             Cali
          
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           an
           exalted
           Worth
           and
           Reputation
           :
           One
           
             Martin
             Re●…alda
          
           was
           ,
           under
           
           him
           ,
           the
           great
           Director
           of
           the
           Fleet
           ,
           being
           a
           Pilot
           of
           great
           Experience
           .
           This
           Fleet
           ,
           which
           had
           raised
           so
           great
           an
           Expectation
           in
           the
           Neighbour-Countries
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           not
           doubted
           but
           it
           would
           not
           only
           subdue
           but
           overwhelm
           the
           little
           Island
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           ,
           sailed
           from
           the
           Groyne
           the
           12th
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           1588.
           and
           came
           within
           sight
           of
           Cornwal
           ,
           the
           19th
           .
           of
           the
           same
           Month
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Beacons
           were
           fired
           ,
           and
           one
           Fleming
           came
           in
           with
           a
           Scout-Ship
           ,
           and
           assured
           the
           English
           Admiral
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           had
           been
           seen
           by
           him
           near
           the
           Lizzard
           :
           The
           English
           Fleet
           was
           then
           in
           the
           Port
           of
           Plimouth
           ,
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           Charles
           Lord
           Howard
           ,
           then
           Admiral
           of
           England
           :
           
           And
           as
           it
           was
           believed
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           would
           not
           have
           come
           that
           year
           ,
           so
           there
           was
           not
           on
           board
           it
           that
           number
           of
           men
           that
           was
           necessary
           to
           man
           it
           ,
           and
           which
           on
           the
           sudden
           was
           hardly
           possible
           to
           be
           got
           together
           ;
           but
           however
           ,
           the
           Admiral
           went
           first
           to
           Sea
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           Signal
           for
           the
           rest
           to
           follow
           ,
           and
           he
           ranged
           them
           in
           their
           Order
           as
           they
           were
           able
           to
           get
           out
           .
           The
           Spanish
           Ships
           were
           very
           much
           higher
           and
           stronger
           than
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           had
           
           greater
           and
           more
           Cannon
           ;
           but
           there
           was
           four
           CARACKS
           of
           an
           excessive
           Greatness
           ,
           and
           which
           seemed
           scarce
           fit
           for
           motion
           ,
           which
           served
           instead
           of
           Castles
           to
           defend
           the
           smaller
           Ships
           :
           The
           English
           Fleet
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           was
           nimble
           ,
           and
           very
           well
           provided
           for
           Fight
           or
           Flight
           ,
           and
           managed
           by
           men
           that
           understood
           the
           Sea-Affairs
           wonderfully
           well
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           assaulted
           the
           
             Spanish
             Armado
          
           the
           21st
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           with
           Dexterity
           and
           Courage
           :
           The
           Fight
           lasted
           three
           days
           without
           any
           intermission
           ,
           and
           then
           was
           intermitted
           for
           want
           of
           Gunpowder
           .
           After
           this
           they
           followed
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           ,
           (
           which
           kept
           its
           course
           for
           Flanders
           ,
           notwithstanding
           this
           continual
           Fight
           )
           ;
           and
           when
           any
           Ship
           happened
           to
           be
           separated
           from
           the
           main
           body
           ,
           they
           would
           be
           sure
           to
           be
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           most
           part
           they
           took
           it
           .
           The
           English
           were
           at
           first
           but
           40
           Sail
           ,
           the
           rest
           not
           being
           able
           to
           get
           out
           of
           the
           Port.
           The
           
             St.
             Catherina
          
           ,
           a
           great
           
             Spanish
             Galiass
          
           ,
           the
           first
           day
           was
           so
           torn
           by
           the
           English
           Shot
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           take
           it
           into
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           Fleet
           to
           repair
           the
           Mischief
           it
           had
           received
           :
           The
           principal
           Galeon
           of
           Sevil
           ,
           wherein
           many
           of
           the
           Spanish
           
           Nobility
           sailed
           ,
           falling
           foul
           upon
           another
           Ship
           ,
           in
           this
           disorder
           had
           her
           Fore-mast
           broken
           ,
           and
           so
           could
           not
           sail
           with
           the
           rest
           ,
           but
           was
           left
           to
           the
           Mercy
           of
           the
           Seas
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           English.
           The
           22d
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Drake
          
           found
           this
           great
           Galeon
           ,
           which
           was
           disabled
           ,
           and
           summon'd
           it
           to
           yield
           ,
           which
           was
           done
           when
           they
           heard
           Drake
           was
           the
           man
           they
           had
           to
           do
           with
           :
           The
           Commander
           of
           this
           ship
           was
           Valdez
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           principal
           persons
           in
           the
           Navy
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           with
           him
           450
           persons
           .
           The
           same
           day
           the
           Admiral
           of
           the
           Squadron
           of
           Guipuscoa
           ,
           commanded
           by
           
             Michael
             de
             Oquendo
             ,
             Vice-Admiral
          
           of
           the
           whole
           Fleet
           ,
           was
           set
           on
           fire
           by
           a
           disobliged
           Hollander
           ,
           the
           upper
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           the
           men
           perished
           ,
           but
           the
           Gunpowder
           never
           fired
           .
           This
           night
           the
           Admiral
           of
           England
           followed
           the
           Spanish
           Lanthorn
           ,
           and
           was
           next
           morning
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           their
           Fleet.
           The
           23d
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           was
           over-against
           Portland
           ,
           and
           the
           Wind
           was
           against
           the
           English
           ;
           but
           they
           being
           nimbler
           ,
           soon
           recovered
           that
           advantage
           again
           over
           the
           unwieldy
           Spaniards
           ;
           this
           day
           the
           English
           played
           with
           more
           fury
           on
           
           the
           Spaniards
           than
           the
           two
           former
           ,
           but
           they
           would
           not
           be
           provoked
           to
           stop
           till
           they
           came
           to
           Calis
           ,
           that
           being
           the
           Orders
           given
           them
           in
           Spain
           ;
           by
           this
           time
           the
           English
           Fleet
           was
           become
           a
           hundred
           strong
           ,
           of
           one
           sort
           or
           other
           ;
           and
           many
           Voluntier
           Ships
           made
           out
           by
           men
           of
           all
           degrees
           ,
           were
           come
           into
           it
           ;
           and
           by
           that
           time
           they
           came
           to
           Dover
           ,
           there
           was
           130.
           of
           which
           yet
           there
           was
           not
           above
           22.
           or
           23.
           of
           the
           Queen's
           biggest
           ships
           ,
           that
           were
           able
           to
           grapple
           with
           the
           Spanish
           ships
           .
           The
           24th
           .
           of
           July
           the
           Sea
           was
           calm
           ,
           and
           four
           great
           Galeasses
           which
           had
           Oars
           ,
           fought
           the
           English
           Fleet
           with
           great
           advantage
           ;
           by
           night
           the
           English
           wanted
           Gunpowder
           ,
           which
           they
           sent
           for
           that
           night
           .
           The
           25th
           .
           the
           Spaniards
           being
           at
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Isle
           of
           Wight
           ,
           the
           Admiral
           of
           England
           ,
           with
           five
           of
           the
           biggest
           ships
           ,
           attacked
           the
           Admiral
           of
           Spain
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           then
           there
           followed
           a
           terrible
           fight
           ,
           which
           was
           managed
           on
           both
           sides
           with
           the
           utmost
           Bravery
           ;
           but
           the
           Spaniards
           grew
           weary
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           cast
           themselves
           again
           into
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Ring
           .
           The
           26th
           .
           the
           Admiral
           Knighted
           Sir
           
             Martin
             Forbisher
          
           ,
           and
           Sir
           
             John
             Hawkins
          
           .
           The
           27th
           .
           
           by
           Sun-set
           the
           
             Spanish
             Fleet
          
           arrived
           over-against
           Dover
           ,
           their
           Fleet
           cast
           Anchor
           this
           night
           in
           the
           Channel
           ,
           within
           sight
           both
           of
           Dover
           and
           Calis
           ,
           and
           the
           
             English
             Fleet
          
           were
           within
           Cannon-shot
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           now
           130
           strong
           ;
           from
           hence
           the
           Duke
           of
           Medina
           sent
           to
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           at
           Dunkirk
           ,
           and
           had
           Orders
           to
           join
           this
           Fleet
           ,
           to
           hasten
           out
           the
           Land
           Army
           ,
           which
           in
           40
           Fly-boats
           was
           to
           have
           joined
           him
           ,
           that
           being
           covered
           by
           this
           huge
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           Forces
           sent
           from
           Spain
           ,
           now
           aboard
           it
           ,
           a
           Descent
           might
           be
           made
           in
           England
           ;
           but
           the
           Hollanders
           having
           notice
           of
           his
           Intentions
           ,
           had
           sent
           a
           Fleet
           of
           35.
           
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           
             Justin
             of
             Nassau
          
           ,
           their
           Admiral
           ,
           on
           board
           the
           which
           was
           1200
           Musketeers
           ;
           and
           he
           hadOrders
           not
           to
           suffer
           any
           ship
           to
           come
           out
           of
           the
           Ports
           of
           Flanders
           ,
           nor
           any
           
             Zabraes
             ,
             Pataches
          
           ,
           or
           other
           small
           Vessels
           of
           the
           
             Spanish
             Fleet
          
           to
           enter
           thereinto
           ;
           and
           this
           
             Dutch
             Fleet
          
           so
           awed
           the
           
             Duke
             of
             Parma
          
           and
           his
           Land-Army
           ,
           that
           they
           durst
           not
           stir
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           was
           his
           Army
           then
           come
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           or
           ready
           to
           be
           embark'd
           ,
           if
           he
           could
           have
           gone
           out
           ;
           and
           besides
           ,
           he
           wanted
           all
           
           manner
           of
           Necessaries
           for
           such
           an
           Expedition
           ;
           and
           all
           the
           Flandrians
           had
           no
           great
           inclinations
           to
           make
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           Master
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           the
           Ruin
           of
           their
           own
           Civil
           Privileges
           .
           The
           Mariners
           also
           that
           were
           to
           have
           served
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           being
           terrified
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           withdrew
           from
           the
           danger
           ,
           and
           stole
           away
           for
           fear
           they
           should
           have
           been
           forced
           by
           the
           Duke
           to
           attempt
           the
           passing
           through
           the
           
             Dutch
             Fleet
          
           to
           their
           Ruin.
           The
           2d
           .
           of
           August
           was
           the
           day
           appointed
           for
           the
           landing
           in
           England
           ;
           but
           before
           that
           came
           ,
           the
           Admiral
           of
           England
           having
           chosen
           eight
           old
           Ships
           ,
           and
           filled
           them
           with
           combustible
           matter
           ,
           and
           charged
           all
           their
           Ordnance
           with
           Stones
           and
           Bullets
           ,
           he
           sent
           them
           the
           28th
           .
           of
           July
           ,
           about
           Two
           of
           the
           Clock
           in
           the
           morning
           ,
           with
           the
           Wind
           and
           Tide
           against
           the
           
             Spanish
             Fleet
          
           ,
           and
           when
           they
           were
           just
           upon
           it
           ,
           the
           Mariners
           fired
           all
           these
           ships
           at
           once
           ,
           and
           left
           them
           under
           sail
           to
           enter
           the
           
             Spanish
             Fleet
          
           ;
           this
           fire
           in
           the
           dead
           of
           the
           night
           put
           the
           Spaniards
           into
           such
           an
           affright
           ,
           that
           cutting
           their
           Cables
           ,
           and
           hoisting
           their
           Sails
           ,
           they
           betook
           themselves
           to
           the
           Sea
           in
           great
           confusion
           and
           disorder
           ;
           one
           of
           
           the
           greatest
           of
           their
           Galeasses
           falling
           foul
           upon
           another
           ship
           ,
           lost
           her
           Rudder
           ,
           and
           was
           driven
           on
           the
           Coast
           of
           Calis
           ,
           where
           the
           English
           found
           and
           took
           her
           ,
           and
           in
           her
           ,
           besides
           other
           valuable
           Spoils
           ,
           they
           found
           50000
           Ducats
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Spain's
           Treasure
           .
           The
           29th
           .
           of
           July
           the
           
             Spanish
             Fleet
          
           got
           it self
           into
           some
           Order
           again
           before
           Graveling
           ,
           but
           the
           
             English
             Fleet
          
           which
           had
           followed
           it
           ,
           furiously
           assaulted
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Spaniards
           suffered
           the
           English
           to
           get
           the
           Weathergage
           of
           them
           ,
           tho
           they
           were
           more
           in
           number
           ,
           and
           stronger
           than
           the
           English
           ,
           but
           they
           were
           resolved
           to
           keep
           on
           the
           Defensive
           part
           till
           Parma
           was
           joined
           with
           them
           .
           This
           whole
           day
           was
           spent
           in
           a
           furious
           Fight
           ,
           with
           great
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           tho
           there
           was
           few
           ships
           taken
           or
           sunk
           ;
           but
           at
           night
           the
           English
           having
           spent
           all
           their
           Powder
           ,
           retired
           .
           In
           all
           these
           fights
           the
           English
           did
           not
           lose
           above
           100
           men
           ,
           and
           amongst
           them
           not
           one
           Person
           of
           Quality
           .
           The
           Spanish
           Ships
           were
           so
           battered
           ,
           that
           this
           night
           two
           or
           three
           of
           them
           sunk
           ,
           and
           amongst
           them
           a
           great
           ship
           of
           Biscay
           ,
           and
           two
           
             Portugal
             Galeons
          
           of
           Seven
           or
           Eight
           Hundred
           Tun
           ,
           were
           deserted
           by
           the
           
           Spanish
           Fleet
           ,
           because
           the
           Water
           entred
           into
           them
           on
           all
           sides
           ,
           and
           taken
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           of
           Flushing
           .
           That
           day
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           passed
           by
           Dunkirk
           :
           The
           next
           day
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           cut
           down
           their
           Main-Sails
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           fight
           no
           more
           ;
           nor
           was
           there
           any
           occasion
           ,
           for
           the
           
             English
             Admiral
          
           having
           sent
           a
           Squadron
           to
           secure
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           he
           with
           the
           rest
           pursued
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           till
           the
           2d
           .
           of
           August
           ,
           but
           tho
           he
           was
           very
           near
           them
           ,
           yet
           wanting
           Powder
           and
           Ball
           he
           never
           offered
           them
           any
           violence
           .
           The
           4th
           .
           of
           August
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Navy
           spread
           all
           their
           Sails
           before
           a
           strong
           Wind
           ,
           and
           committed
           their
           shattered
           ships
           to
           the
           Violence
           of
           the
           Northern
           Ocean
           ,
           but
           the
           English
           following
           them
           to
           57.
           
           Degrees
           of
           North-Latitude
           ,
           returned
           and
           left
           them
           to
           receive
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Chastisement
           from
           the
           Seas
           ,
           and
           the
           Scots
           and
           Irish
           ,
           but
           there
           were
           certain
           Pinnaces
           sent
           to
           follow
           them
           ,
           and
           observe
           their
           Motions
           at
           a
           distance
           .
        
         
           The
           Spaniards
           found
           they
           had
           lost
           
           four
           or
           five
           thousand
           of
           their
           men
           ,
           and
           ten
           or
           twelve
           of
           their
           principal
           ships
           ;
           and
           tho
           they
           were
           rid
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           
           yet
           they
           wanted
           Water
           and
           
             Victuals
             ,
             Cables
             ,
             Cordage
             ,
             Anchors
             ,
             Masts
             ,
          
           and
           Sails
           ;
           and
           as
           for
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           he
           they
           saw
           could
           not
           succour
           them
           ;
           so
           they
           resolved
           to
           pass
           round
           about
           Scotland
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           return
           into
           Spain
           ;
           they
           also
           cast
           over-board
           all
           their
           Horses
           and
           Mules
           ,
           to
           preserve
           the
           remainder
           of
           their
           Water
           :
           Thus
           they
           were
           driven
           Northward
           to
           61
           Degrees
           of
           Latitude
           ;
           Twenty
           five
           of
           the
           best
           provided
           ships
           returned
           into
           Spain
           ;
           forty
           more
           wanting
           Water
           ,
           set
           sail
           for
           Ireland
           to
           get
           fresh
           Water
           there
           :
           These
           (
           the
           2d
           .
           of
           September
           )
           were
           by
           a
           Storm
           from
           the
           South-West
           driven
           upon
           several
           parts
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           their
           Ships
           perished
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           men
           in
           them
           ;
           others
           were
           by
           a
           West
           Wind
           blown
           into
           the
           English
           Channel
           again
           ,
           and
           were
           taken
           by
           the
           English
           or
           Rochellers
           :
           So
           that
           of
           134
           ships
           (
           as
           some
           counted
           them
           )
           that
           came
           from
           Spain
           ,
           there
           never
           returned
           above
           53.
           
           Of
           almost
           30000
           men
           that
           went
           in
           it
           ,
           there
           perished
           above
           half
           ,
           and
           many
           of
           them
           that
           came
           back
           ,
           died
           with
           the
           hardships
           they
           had
           suffered
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           there
           was
           not
           one
           Great
           Family
           in
           Spain
           ,
           which
           did
           not
           lose
           a
           Son
           ,
           a
           
           Brother
           ,
           or
           a
           Kinsman
           .
           All
           those
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           which
           hapned
           to
           be
           cast
           upon
           the
           Coast
           of
           Scotland
           ,
           were
           entertained
           by
           the
           Scots
           ,
           and
           fed
           and
           cloathed
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           sent
           into
           Spain
           ;
           but
           those
           that
           were
           cast
           upon
           the
           Coast
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           were
           plundered
           of
           all
           that
           was
           left
           them
           by
           the
           English
           and
           Irish
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           Mercy
           put
           to
           the
           Sword
           ;
           those
           that
           were
           cast
           upon
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Norway
           and
           France
           ,
           and
           even
           those
           that
           fell
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           English
           and
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           met
           with
           a
           better
           treatment
           :
           So
           that
           Ireland
           the
           most
           deceived
           their
           expectation
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           Friend
           proved
           the
           most
           implacable
           and
           barbarous
           Enemy
           to
           this
           wretched
           Fleet
           in
           their
           greatest
           distress
           .
        
         
           Philip
           King
           of
           Spain
           bore
           the
           Loss
           
           of
           this
           great
           Fleet
           and
           Army
           with
           a
           more
           equal
           mind
           than
           is
           usual
           for
           Princes
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           took
           the
           Duke
           of
           Medina
           ,
           the
           General
           of
           this
           unfortunate
           Expedition
           ,
           again
           into
           his
           favour
           ;
           attributing
           the
           Calamity
           not
           to
           the
           Imprudence
           or
           Negligence
           of
           the
           General
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           Violence
           of
           Tempests
           ,
           and
           the
           Rage
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ;
           tho
           in
           
           truth
           it
           was
           owing
           to
           the
           Blessing
           of
           God
           upon
           the
           Valour
           and
           Policy
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           and
           the
           too
           strict
           Orders
           they
           brought
           from
           Spain
           ,
           Not
           to
           engage
           till
           they
           were
           joined
           with
           the
           Duke
           of
           Parma
           ,
           who
           could
           never
           get
           out
           of
           the
           Harbour
           to
           meet
           them
           ,
           being
           locked
           in
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           :
           This
           exposed
           them
           for
           so
           many
           days
           to
           the
           ●…ury
           of
           the
           English
           Cannon
           ,
           with
           the
           advantage
           of
           the
           Weathergage
           ;
           and
           had
           the
           English
           had
           Powder
           enough
           to
           have
           continued
           the
           Fight
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           very
           much
           fewer
           of
           these
           ships
           had
           ever
           returned
           into
           Spain
           :
           But
           however
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           battered
           and
           strangely
           weakned
           ,
           they
           were
           forced
           to
           take
           the
           way
           of
           the
           Northern
           Ocean
           in
           September
           ,
           and
           were
           exposed
           to
           dreadful
           Tempests
           ,
           wanting
           fresh
           Water
           ,
           Victuals
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Necessaries
           ;
           for
           all
           the
           Northern
           Countries
           hated
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           so
           that
           neither
           
             Germany
             ,
             Denmark
          
           ,
           nor
           Scotland
           would
           relieve
           them
           :
           Thus
           being
           exposed
           to
           all
           manner
           of
           hardships
           in
           this
           battered
           estate
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           great
           wonder
           so
           many
           of
           them
           returned
           into
           Spain
           .
           Some
           were
           for
           grappling
           with
           these
           ships
           when
           they
           fought
           them
           in
           the
           British
           Seas
           ,
           but
           the
           English
           
           Admiral
           confidering
           they
           were
           taller
           and
           stronger
           than
           the
           English
           ships
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           Land-Army
           on
           board
           to
           defend
           their
           Decks
           ,
           which
           we
           had
           not
           ,
           he
           would
           never
           consent
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           this
           was
           a
           principal
           cause
           of
           the
           Victory
           .
           The
           States
           of
           Holland
           ,
           and
           the
           
           English
           Nation
           ,
           which
           were
           equally
           concerned
           in
           this
           Victory
           ,
           returned
           the
           Glory
           of
           it
           to
           God
           alone
           ,
           who
           was
           acknowledged
           by
           all
           as
           the
           Author
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           English
           Fleet
           being
           nothing
           ,
           when
           compared
           with
           the
           bulky
           ships
           that
           came
           from
           Spain
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           thought
           we
           would
           not
           have
           dared
           to
           resist
           them
           :
           The
           29th
           .
           of
           November
           the
           Queen
           went
           into
           the
           City
           of
           London
           in
           a
           Triumphant
           Chariot
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Colours
           that
           were
           taken
           being
           born
           before
           her
           to
           St.
           Paul's
           Church
           ,
           where
           was
           a
           Sermon
           and
           a
           solemn
           Thanksgiving
           ,
           at
           which
           the
           Mayor
           and
           all
           the
           Companies
           were
           present
           ;
           and
           the
           same
           Piety
           was
           commanded
           at
           the
           same
           time
           in
           all
           the
           remoter
           parts
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           observed
           by
           her
           Subjects
           with
           the
           highest
           Expressions
           of
           Joy
           and
           Gratitude
           towards
           God
           ,
           and
           of
           Loyalty
           and
           Affection
           towards
           her
           ;
           so
           that
           she
           was
           now
           in
           the
           
           height
           of
           all
           her
           Glory
           both
           at
           Home
           and
           Abroad
           ,
           beloved
           by
           her
           Friends
           ,
           and
           feared
           by
           her
           Enemies
           ,
           who
           were
           never
           after
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           assault
           her
           Kingdom
           the
           second
           time
           ;
           but
           found
           it
           difficult
           to
           defend
           their
           own
           against
           her
           and
           her
           brave
           Martial
           Commanders
           .
        
         
           To
           revenge
           this
           Attempt
           upon
           her
           
           Kingdoms
           ,
           the
           Queen
           the
           same
           year
           put
           out
           a
           Declaration
           of
           War
           against
           Philip
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           which
           was
           sharply
           Penn'd
           ,
           and
           from
           thenceforward
           to
           the
           end
           of
           her
           days
           there
           was
           a
           perpetual
           and
           a
           sharp
           War
           carried
           on
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           which
           kept
           her
           Subjects
           quiet
           at
           home
           .
           The
           very
           next
           year
           she
           
           sent
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Drake
          
           with
           a
           Fleet
           into
           Spain
           ,
           who
           took
           the
           Groyne
           ,
           as
           is
           said
           above
           ;
           by
           which
           Action
           she
           defeated
           the
           Designs
           of
           that
           King
           ,
           who
           was
           preparing
           there
           for
           a
           second
           Invasion
           ;
           and
           having
           abated
           his
           Pride
           and
           Rashness
           into
           a
           more
           tractable
           Modesty
           ,
           she
           thereby
           delivered
           her
           People
           from
           a
           signal
           Danger
           .
           In
           this
           War
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           signalized
           himself
           by
           taking
           Cadiz
           in
           1596.
           and
           Burning
           all
           the
           ships
           he
           found
           in
           that
           Harbour
           .
           George
           
           Earl
           of
           Cumberland
           ,
           and
           Thomas
           Lord
           Howard
           ,
           a
           younger
           Son
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           lay
           heavy
           upon
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           and
           took
           many
           of
           their
           ships
           richly
           laden
           ,
           giving
           all
           but
           the
           tenth
           part
           (
           which
           was
           reserved
           for
           the
           Queen
           )
           to
           the
           Mariners
           and
           Soldiers
           as
           the
           Reward
           of
           their
           Valour
           .
           In
           the
           year
           1597.
           having
           heard
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           was
           preparing
           a
           Fleet
           against
           Ireland
           ,
           she
           sent
           a
           Navy
           of
           120
           ships
           ,
           part
           English
           ,
           and
           part
           Hollanders
           ,
           under
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           ,
           and
           in
           it
           a
           Land-Army
           of
           6000
           men
           ;
           but
           this
           Fleet
           went
           out
           and
           met
           with
           so
           severe
           a
           storm
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           forced
           to
           return
           ,
           and
           after
           that
           ,
           was
           detained
           by
           contrary
           Winds
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Provisions
           being
           spent
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           and
           of
           the
           ships
           were
           dismissed
           ,
           the
           rest
           got
           to
           Sea
           the
           17th
           .
           of
           August
           .
           This
           Fleet
           went
           to
           the
           Azores
           where
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Rawleigh
          
           took
           the
           Town
           of
           Fial
           ,
           and
           beat
           the
           Spaniards
           that
           endeavoured
           to
           hinder
           his
           passage
           to
           it
           .
           After
           this
           they
           lost
           the
           opportunity
           of
           surprizing
           the
           
             Spanish
             Indian
          
           Fleet
           ,
           which
           they
           there
           waited
           for
           ,
           and
           returned
           into
           England
           without
           any
           signal
           Victory
           ,
           or
           what
           might
           help
           to
           bear
           the
           Charges
           
           of
           this
           Expedition
           ,
           which
           was
           owing
           in
           great
           part
           to
           the
           Emulations
           between
           the
           Chief
           Commanders
           ,
           who
           envied
           each
           other
           the
           Glory
           of
           doing
           well
           .
           Tho
           the
           English
           did
           not
           get
           much
           by
           this
           Expedition
           ,
           yet
           the
           Spaniards
           were
           great
           Losers
           ,
           one
           of
           their
           biggest
           Caracks
           being
           forced
           ashore
           ,
           and
           burnt
           ,
           three
           ships
           were
           taken
           ,
           and
           many
           others
           of
           that
           Fleet
           being
           kept
           out
           too
           long
           ,
           perished
           by
           tempestuous
           weather
           ;
           whereas
           all
           the
           English
           Fleet
           returned
           in
           safety
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           year
           1597.
           
           
             George
             Clifford
          
           ,
           
           
             Earl
             of
             Cumberland
          
           ,
           at
           his
           own
           proper
           Costs
           and
           Charge
           put
           out
           a
           Fleet
           of
           Eleven
           ships
           to
           way-lay
           the
           Caracks
           that
           go
           every
           year
           from
           Lisbon
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ;
           but
           they
           having
           notice
           of
           his
           being
           there
           ,
           sheltered
           themselves
           under
           the
           Fort
           of
           St.
           Juliana
           ,
           which
           had
           a
           Hundred
           great
           Guns
           to
           defend
           it
           ;
           and
           here
           he
           attended
           so
           long
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           no
           ships
           sent
           that
           year
           .
           From
           thence
           he
           set
           sail
           to
           the
           Canary
           Islands
           ,
           and
           took
           that
           which
           is
           called
           Lancerata
           ,
           with
           the
           Town
           upon
           it
           ,
           which
           he
           pillaged
           :
           Thence
           he
           passed
           to
           Boriquena
           in
           the
           Bay
           of
           Mexico
           in
           the
           
           West-Indies
           ,
           and
           took
           
             Porto
             Rico
          
           ,
           the
           principal
           Town
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           the
           Keys
           of
           America
           ,
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           less
           than
           30
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           very
           strong
           ,
           and
           defended
           by
           400
           Spanish
           Soldiers
           ,
           besides
           the
           Towns-men
           .
           The
           Earl
           considering
           the
           strength
           and
           importance
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           resolved
           to
           keep
           it
           ,
           though
           the
           Spaniards
           offered
           him
           a
           vast
           price
           for
           the
           redemption
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           within
           a
           short
           time
           a
           Disentery
           ,
           with
           grievous
           Torments
           seized
           the
           English
           Garison
           ,
           so
           that
           in
           40
           days
           he
           buried
           70
           of
           his
           men
           ;
           and
           this
           forced
           him
           to
           return
           home
           with
           60
           great
           Guns
           ,
           but
           otherwise
           more
           exalted
           by
           the
           Victory
           than
           enriched
           .
           However
           ,
           he
           did
           the
           Crown
           of
           Spain
           a
           vast
           damage
           ,
           for
           that
           Year
           there
           went
           no
           Fleet
           to
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           and
           there
           came
           none
           home
           from
           America
           .
           It
           is
           observed
           of
           this
           Great
           Man
           ,
           That
           his
           building
           so
           many
           great
           ships
           ,
           and
           some
           other
           less
           honourable
           Diversions
           ,
           wasted
           more
           of
           his
           Estate
           ,
           than
           any
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           had
           spent
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Rebellion
           of
           Tyrone
           grew
           so
           formidable
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           the
           English
           Nation
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Money
           and
           Forces
           the
           Queen
           could
           space
           ,
           were
           imployed
           that
           way
           ,
           and
           spent
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           
           of
           which
           I
           have
           given
           an
           Account
           in
           its
           proper
           place
           ;
           So
           that
           from
           henceforth
           there
           was
           no
           considerable
           Expedition
           undertaken
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           one
           singular
           Instance
           of
           
           Personal
           Valour
           in
           the
           Course
           of
           this
           War
           ,
           which
           happened
           in
           the
           Year
           1591.
           but
           was
           reserved
           to
           this
           Place
           ,
           that
           the
           Steps
           by
           which
           the
           Spanish
           Pride
           and
           Greatness
           were
           abated
           and
           pull'd
           down
           ,
           might
           appear
           the
           better
           by
           being
           laid
           together
           .
           May
           this
           Magnanimity
           of
           this
           Virgin
           Queen
           be
           an
           encouragement
           and
           an
           Example
           to
           the
           Present
           Age
           for
           the
           humbling
           another
           Prince
           ,
           who
           in
           our
           times
           ,
           and
           by
           our
           means
           ,
           is
           become
           a
           terror
           to
           all
           his
           Neighbours
           on
           the
           score
           of
           his
           Naval
           Forces
           ,
           though
           infinitely
           inferior
           in
           that
           ,
           and
           the
           Point
           of
           Wealth
           too
           ,
           to
           Philip
           the
           IId
           .
           King
           of
           Spain
           .
           But
           to
           return
           ,
           
             Tho.
             Lord
             Howard
          
           ,
           Second
           Son
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Norfolk
           ,
           was
           sent
           this
           year
           with
           six
           Men
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           six
           Ships
           of
           Burthen
           ,
           to
           way-lay
           the
           American
           Flect
           in
           its
           return
           to
           Spain
           ,
           whilst
           he
           was
           waiting
           for
           it
           at
           the
           Azores
           ,
           where
           he
           lay
           six
           months
           ,
           his
           Soldiers
           
           and
           Sea-men
           being
           generally
           sick
           ,
           
             Alphonso
             Bassano
          
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Admiral
           ,
           came
           upon
           him
           suddenly
           with
           80
           Ships
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           English
           could
           hardly
           gain
           the
           main
           Sea
           to
           make
           their
           defence
           .
           One
           
             RICHARD
             GREENVILL
          
           ,
           Vice-Admiral
           ,
           being
           in
           a
           Ship
           called
           the
           REVENGE
           ,
           staying
           a
           little
           too
           long
           to
           take
           in
           some
           of
           his
           men
           who
           were
           on
           shoar
           ,
           and
           not
           hoisting
           his
           Sails
           neither
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           out
           of
           a
           contempt
           of
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           by
           all
           these
           oversights
           happened
           to
           be
           shut
           in
           between
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           and
           the
           Island
           .
           Attemping
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           too
           late
           ,
           to
           break
           through
           the
           Spanish
           Fleet
           ,
           which
           was
           divided
           into
           four
           Squadrons
           ,
           the
           Spanish
           Admiral
           ,
           called
           the
           St.
           Philip
           ,
           a
           Ship
           of
           vast
           bulk
           ,
           clapt
           in
           between
           him
           and
           the
           Wind
           to
           deprive
           him
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           three
           smaller
           Ships
           surrounded
           him
           ,
           and
           poured
           in
           their
           great
           and
           small
           Shot
           on
           all
           sides
           ;
           the
           Spaniards
           very
           often
           boarded
           him
           ,
           but
           he
           every
           time
           drove
           them
           into
           their
           own
           ships
           ,
           or
           into
           the
           Sea
           ;
           Thus
           he
           defended
           himself
           all
           that
           night
           ,
           with
           the
           great
           slaughter
           of
           his
           own
           men
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           greater
           loss
           of
           the
           Enemy
           .
           In
           the
           morning
           the
           English
           found
           their
           
           Powder
           fail
           ,
           their
           Masts
           shot
           down
           ,
           their
           Rigging
           torn
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           part
           of
           their
           bravest
           men
           slain
           or
           wounded
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           so
           wearied
           with
           the
           fight
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           hardly
           stand
           to
           their
           Arms
           ;
           The
           ship
           also
           had
           received
           800
           shot
           of
           Cannon
           from
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Greenvill
           was
           wounded
           ,
           and
           whilst
           the
           Chyrurgeon
           was
           applying
           a
           Plaister
           to
           the
           Wound
           ,
           he
           was
           wounded
           on
           the
           head
           ,
           and
           the
           Chyrurgeon
           was
           slain
           .
           When
           the
           day
           broke
           upon
           them
           ,
           they
           found
           the
           Deck
           all
           covered
           with
           Blood
           ,
           shattered
           Timber
           ,
           dead
           and
           dying
           men
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           struck
           terror
           into
           the
           beholder
           .
           Greenvill
           having
           now
           fought
           15
           hours
           ,
           and
           there
           being
           no
           hope
           of
           escaping
           ,
           commanded
           the
           ship
           to
           be
           sunk
           ;
           the
           Pilot
           forbad
           it
           ,
           and
           went
           forth
           within
           the
           Long-boat
           to
           the
           
             Spanish
             Admiral
          
           to
           resign
           the
           English
           ship
           ,
           covenanting
           for
           their
           Lives
           and
           Liberties
           that
           were
           left
           in
           it
           ;
           Greenvill
           thereupon
           was
           carried
           aboard
           the
           
             Spanish
             Admiral
          
           languishing
           ,
           and
           just
           ready
           to
           expire
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           ,
           when
           they
           came
           to
           fetch
           him
           off
           ,
           found
           him
           lying
           upon
           the
           Deck
           all
           covered
           with
           Blood
           and
           Wounds
           ,
           and
           gasping
           out
           his
           Soul
           ;
           and
           they
           being
           amazed
           at
           the
           Resistance
           
           he
           had
           made
           ,
           and
           the
           Condition
           they
           found
           him
           in
           ,
           endeavoured
           to
           stanch
           his
           Wounds
           ,
           and
           applied
           fit
           Remedies
           to
           him
           .
           But
           all
           they
           could
           do
           or
           say
           to
           mitigate
           his
           Sorrows
           was
           despised
           by
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           answered
           all
           their
           Kindnesses
           with
           Frowns
           and
           Threats
           ;
           and
           thus
           living
           two
           days
           in
           the
           Agonies
           of
           Death
           ,
           he
           expired
           .
           The
           Spaniards
           ,
           who
           are
           a
           valiant
           Nation
           ,
           were
           so
           far
           from
           being
           exasperated
           by
           this
           carriage
           of
           his
           ,
           that
           they
           reverenced
           him
           as
           an
           Hero.
           The
           ship
           verified
           her
           Name
           at
           last
           ,
           for
           being
           sent
           into
           Spain
           with
           200
           men
           on
           board
           ,
           she
           perished
           in
           a
           storm
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           men
           were
           drown'd
           :
           so
           that
           every
           way
           she
           was
           to
           them
           a
           severe
           REVENGE
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           Queen
           had
           any
           small
           respite
           
           from
           the
           Cares
           of
           War
           (
           the
           far
           greatest
           part
           of
           her
           Reign
           being
           in
           truth
           spent
           in
           the
           defence
           of
           her
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           her
           Neighbours
           ,
           who
           all
           had
           their
           recourse
           to
           her
           in
           their
           Distresses
           )
           she
           always
           turned
           her
           thoughts
           to
           the
           amending
           what
           was
           amiss
           in
           the
           State.
           There
           were
           great
           Complaints
           made
           to
           her
           by
           the
           Ministers
           and
           Ambassadors
           of
           Foreign
           States
           residing
           
           
           
           
           
           here
           ,
           That
           the
           Seas
           were
           infested
           by
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           the
           ships
           of
           her
           Friends
           and
           Allies
           rifl'd
           ;
           whereupon
           she
           put
           out
           a
           
             Proclamation
             for
             the
             security
             of
             her
             Friends
             ;
             strictly
             forbidding
             all
             her
             Subjects
             for
             the
             future
             to
             offer
             any
             violence
             or
             wrong
             to
             the
             Ships
             of
             any
             of
             her
             Neighbours
             ,
             if
             they
             did
             not
             carry
             Iron
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             or
             Stores
             for
             Navigation
             and
             Shipping
             to
             the
          
           Spaniards
           ,
           
             with
             whom
             she
             was
             then
             in
             War.
             Threatning
             ,
             that
             whoever
             was
             hereafter
             found
             to
             break
             her
             Orders
             ,
             should
             be
             taken
             for
             Pyrats
             ,
             and
             treated
             accordingly
             .
          
           By
           this
           Proclamation
           ,
           and
           her
           exact
           care
           to
           see
           it
           executed
           accordingly
           ,
           she
           cleared
           the
           Seas
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           as
           safe
           as
           the
           Land.
           The
           management
           of
           Proclamations
           
           in
           our
           Government
           is
           a
           thing
           of
           great
           difficulty
           ,
           because
           they
           can
           introduce
           no
           new
           Law
           ,
           and
           are
           of
           no
           force
           if
           they
           be
           contrary
           to
           Law
           ;
           And
           when
           they
           are
           never
           so
           legal
           ,
           if
           men
           are
           once
           inured
           to
           the
           slighting
           them
           ,
           they
           are
           no
           more
           regarded
           than
           the
           whistling
           of
           the
           Wind
           in
           a
           stormy
           day
           .
           We
           have
           seen
           many
           Proclamations
           put
           out
           in
           our
           times
           which
           were
           extorted
           from
           Princes
           against
           their
           wills
           ,
           or
           issued
           upon
           design
           to
           serve
           a
           turn
           for
           the
           
           present
           ,
           and
           the
           Prince
           well
           pleased
           to
           see
           the
           Bauble
           ridiculed
           and
           contemned
           ;
           but
           men
           did
           not
           stop
           there
           ,
           they
           treated
           other
           Proclamations
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           ,
           which
           were
           of
           the
           greatest
           importance
           to
           the
           safety
           of
           the
           Prince
           and
           Nation
           .
           And
           all
           these
           Orders
           of
           State
           ,
           which
           in
           her
           times
           were
           as
           venerable
           as
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           in
           Ours
           sunk
           to
           the
           value
           of
           almost
           a
           
             common
             Ballad
          
           ,
           a
           Mischief
           which
           it
           will
           take
           some
           time
           perfectly
           to
           redress
           .
        
         
           Amongst
           those
           that
           complained
           of
           
           the
           Depredations
           of
           the
           English
           ,
           none
           were
           more
           clamorous
           than
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           in
           Germany
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           Year
           1597.
           brought
           a
           Complaint
           before
           the
           Dyet
           of
           Germany
           at
           Ratisbon
           against
           the
           English
           ,
           That
           they
           had
           rifl'd
           and
           robb'd
           all
           their
           ships
           that
           carried
           Corn
           ,
           Iron
           and
           Cordage
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           .
           The
           Quarrel
           went
           so
           high
           ,
           that
           the
           English
           were
           prohibited
           all
           Trade
           in
           Germany
           ,
           because
           they
           
             traded
             there
             upon
             their
             own
             Laws
             ,
             and
             not
             according
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
          
           That
           is
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           not
           submit
           their
           Trade
           to
           the
           Rules
           of
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           ,
           but
           traded
           as
           a
           free
           Nation
           under
           the
           Protection
           
           of
           their
           own
           Queen
           and
           Laws
           .
           To
           this
           the
           Queen
           by
           her
           Ambassador
           Mr.
           
             John
             Wroth
          
           replied
           ,
           
             That
             the
             Complaint
             of
             the
             
               Hanse
               Towns
            
             was
             unjust
             ;
             That
             it
             became
             her
             as
             a
             good
             Prince
             to
             consult
             the
             Welfare
             of
             her
             own
             People
             ,
             and
             to
             promote
             their
             safety
             and
             common
             advantage
             ;
             and
             that
             it
             became
             a
             good
             Shepherd
             to
             prefer
             the
             welfare
             of
             his
             own
             Flock
             ,
             before
             that
             of
             any
             other
             .
             That
             the
             
               Hanse
               Towns
            
             ,
             if
             they
             did
             well
             consider
             it
             ,
             might
             trade
             upon
             the
             same
             Privileges
             with
             her
             own
             Subjects
             ;
             but
             then
             if
             they
             expected
             to
             enjoy
             a
             Monopoly
             in
             her
             Kingdom
             ,
             they
             desired
             more
             than
             was
             fit
             to
             be
             granted
             by
             a
             just
             and
             free
             Prince
             ,
             as
             she
             was
             .
          
           Rodolph
           ,
           then
           Emperor
           of
           Germany
           ,
           
           was
           offended
           with
           the
           Answer
           the
           Queen
           had
           made
           ,
           and
           passed
           a
           Law
           in
           the
           
             Dyet
             ,
             prohibiting
             the
          
           English
           
             from
             trading
             in
             any
             of
             the
             Ports
             of
          
           Germany
           ,
           
             and
             commanding
             them
             to
             withdraw
             ,
             with
             their
             effects
             ,
             by
             a
             certain
             day
             .
          
           The
           Queen
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           represented
           the
           injustice
           of
           this
           Edict
           to
           the
           Emperor
           ,
           and
           the
           Princes
           ,
           and
           informed
           them
           that
           Henry
           the
           IIId
           .
           her
           Predecessor
           ,
           had
           by
           a
           Royal
           Charter
           made
           
           by
           agreement
           granted
           to
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           ,
           a
           place
           in
           London
           call'd
           the
           Stillyard
           ,
           with
           many
           very
           large
           Privileges
           ,
           for
           the
           preserving
           the
           Freedom
           of
           their
           Trade
           ;
           That
           this
           Grant
           had
           after
           been
           confirm'd
           by
           Edward
           III.
           Richard
           II.
           Henry
           IV
           ,
           V
           ,
           VI.
           and
           all
           the
           other
           Princes
           ,
           to
           her
           Brother's
           time
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           religiously
           observed
           ,
           and
           therefore
           she
           desired
           that
           the
           Edict
           might
           be
           suspended
           ,
           and
           the
           Controversie
           ended
           by
           a
           Treaty
           ;
           but
           this
           was
           denied
           :
           Whereupon
           the
           Queen
           ,
           by
           the
           Advice
           of
           her
           Council
           ,
           put
           out
           a
           Proclamation
           ,
           
           commanding
           the
           Germans
           to
           depart
           from
           the
           Stillyard
           the
           same
           day
           the
           English
           were
           commanded
           to
           leave
           Germany
           ;
           from
           thenceforward
           she
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           all
           their
           Trade
           in
           London
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           her
           Ports
           ,
           and
           ordered
           the
           
             Lord
             Mayor
          
           of
           London
           to
           seize
           the
           Stillyard
           .
           The
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           called
           a
           Dyet
           of
           all
           their
           Members
           at
           Lubeck
           ,
           and
           in
           it
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Revenge
           ,
           resolved
           to
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           English
           in
           Poland
           ,
           and
           other
           places
           of
           the
           
             Baltick
             Sea
          
           ;
           Whereupon
           the
           Queen
           sent
           Sir
           
             George
             Carew
             ,
             Chancellor
          
           of
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           into
           Pruffia
           and
           Poland
           ,
           to
           acquaint
           the
           Dyet
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           That
           
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           of
           Germany
           might
           still
           have
           enjoyed
           their
           Ancient
           Privileges
           in
           England
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           have
           been
           contented
           to
           use
           them
           as
           Favours
           granted
           by
           our
           Princes
           ,
           and
           not
           have
           pretended
           they
           were
           their
           Right
           :
           That
           as
           there
           was
           reason
           for
           the
           granting
           them
           when
           they
           were
           given
           ,
           so
           there
           was
           all
           the
           reason
           in
           the
           world
           they
           should
           be
           suspended
           ,
           restrained
           ,
           or
           quite
           taken
           away
           when
           the
           Reason
           ceased
           upon
           which
           they
           were
           granted
           ;
           that
           this
           had
           been
           done
           in
           
             Denmark
             ,
             Sweden
          
           and
           England
           in
           the
           Reigns
           of
           Edward
           the
           VIth
           .
           and
           
             Queen
             Mary
          
           .
           That
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           had
           been
           made
           so
           rich
           by
           the
           Favour
           of
           Princes
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           been
           heretofore
           terrible
           even
           to
           their
           Benefactors
           ;
           that
           it
           became
           the
           King
           of
           Poland
           rather
           to
           favour
           her
           who
           was
           a
           Prince
           ,
           than
           to
           patronize
           the
           insatiable
           Avarice
           of
           the
           Merchants
           ;
           who
           when
           they
           were
           become
           very
           rich
           ,
           were
           too
           apt
           insolently
           to
           lift
           up
           themselves
           against
           Princes
           :
           That
           the
           Queen
           was
           contented
           they
           should
           carry
           Corn
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Merchandize
           to
           Spain
           ,
           except
           Ammunition
           and
           Warlike
           Stores
           for
           Sea
           or
           Land
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           lawful
           ,
           and
           the
           Practice
           of
           all
           Nations
           ,
           to
           intercept
           
           all
           those
           Provsions
           that
           were
           sent
           to
           an
           Enemy
           .
           She
           had
           better
           success
           
           here
           than
           in
           Germany
           ,
           and
           setled
           her
           Subjects
           Trade
           in
           the
           Baltick
           so
           effectually
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           were
           never
           after
           in
           a
           condition
           to
           dispute
           the
           Trade
           of
           the
           English.
           Thus
           the
           Queen
           by
           her
           Authority
           and
           Prudence
           mastered
           the
           Obstinacy
           of
           the
           
             Hanse
             Towns
          
           ,
           and
           forced
           them
           to
           sue
           for
           their
           Goods
           in
           her
           Court
           of
           Admiralty
           ,
           and
           to
           trade
           with
           her
           Subjects
           upon
           equal
           terms
           in
           all
           places
           ;
           and
           she
           so
           divided
           and
           broke
           their
           Power
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           never
           since
           able
           to
           contest
           with
           any
           Prince
           ,
           much
           less
           with
           her
           ,
           or
           her
           Successors
           .
           
             Notwithstanding
             which
             ,
             the
          
           
           
             Kings
             of
          
           England
           
             have
             always
             religiously
             continued
             the
             same
             Privileges
             to
             the
          
           Hanse
           Towns
           ,
           
             though
             the
             tide
             of
             the
             Trade
             be
             long
             since
             wholly
             turn'd
             ,
             the
          
           English
           
             now
             carrying
             all
             that
             Trade
             to
             their
             own
             doors
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             than
             ever
             they
             received
             from
             them
             ;
             And
             I
             my self
          
           (
           saith
           the
           late
           Earl
           of
           
             Carlisle
             )
             was
             present
             in
             Council
             ,
             when
          
           Charles
           the
           IId
           .
           
             after
             his
             Happy
             Restauration
             ratified
             the
             said
             Privileges
             .
          
        
         
         
           She
           also
           by
           her
           Authority
           ,
           in
           the
           
           Year
           1595.
           composed
           a
           War
           which
           had
           depended
           many
           years
           between
           the
           King
           of
           Sweden
           and
           the
           Emperor
           of
           Russia
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           greater
           respect
           for
           her
           ,
           than
           for
           any
           other
           Prince
           in
           Christendom
           ;
           her
           Subjects
           having
           opened
           a
           way
           by
           the
           
             White
             Sea
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Bay
           of
           Arch-angel
           ,
           to
           trade
           by
           Sea
           with
           him
           in
           the
           Year
           1554.
           which
           was
           then
           ,
           and
           has
           ever
           since
           been
           of
           vast
           advantage
           to
           that
           remote
           ,
           barbarous
           ,
           and
           poor
           Kingdom
           ;
           The
           Subjects
           of
           which
           have
           not
           only
           been
           enriched
           ,
           but
           civilized
           ,
           and
           learned
           many
           mechanick
           Arts
           ,
           which
           they
           did
           not
           unsterstand
           before
           ,
           of
           us
           ,
           and
           those
           people
           we
           and
           the
           Hollanders
           have
           sent
           thither
           .
        
         
           Her
           whole
           care
           was
           not
           imployed
           in
           
           defending
           her
           People
           from
           the
           violence
           of
           her
           foreign
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           the
           Frauds
           and
           Arts
           of
           the
           Neighbour
           Traders
           by
           Sea
           ,
           but
           she
           took
           effectual
           care
           at
           the
           same
           time
           in
           her
           Parliaments
           ,
           to
           promote
           excellent
           and
           useful
           Laws
           for
           the
           
             Restraint
             of
             excessive
             Dvmestick
             Expences
             ,
             and
             the
             regulating
             the
             Lives
             of
             her
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             will
             appear
             by
             the
             Printed
             Statutes
             of
             her
             time
             .
             To
             this
             end
             she
             necessitated
          
           
           
             the
             meaner
             of
             her
             Subjects
             ,
             by
             sharp
             Laws
             ,
             as
             sharply
             executed
             ,
             to
             a
             modest
             and
             frugal
             way
             of
             living
             ,
             both
             as
             to
             their
             Diet
             and
             Habits
             .
             She
             curbed
             and
             discountenanced
             the
             Luxury
             ,
             and
             expensive
             folly
             of
             the
          
           English
           
             Youth
             and
             Nobility
             ,
             both
             by
             her
             private
             Advices
             ,
             and
             her
             publick
             Laws
             ;
             and
             she
             prescribed
             them
             Rules
             for
             their
             Furniture
             ,
             Families
             ,
             and
             Retinues
             .
          
           She
           had
           observed
           the
           Purveyers
           
           
             for
             her
             Court
          
           were
           a
           rapacious
           sort
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           colour
           and
           pretence
           of
           Law
           ,
           made
           great
           depredations
           on
           the
           Husbandmen
           ,
           and
           the
           Farmers
           in
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           therefore
           she
           kept
           a
           strict
           hand
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           her
           Severity
           ,
           when
           ever
           any
           Complaint
           was
           brought
           against
           them
           ,
           she
           kept
           them
           in
           awe
           .
           There
           was
           another
           Generation
           of
           men
           called
           commonly
           the
           CONCEALERS
           ;
           of
           mean
           Extraction
           ,
           
           and
           worse
           Disposition
           ;
           who
           had
           obtained
           Commissions
           to
           enquire
           into
           the
           Frauds
           and
           Concealments
           of
           those
           that
           had
           got
           any
           Lands
           belonging
           to
           the
           Royal
           Demeans
           ,
           or
           Crown
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           they
           had
           under
           that
           pretence
           wrested
           from
           many
           of
           her
           Subjects
           their
           Inheritances
           and
           Estates
           ;
           but
           when
           she
           understood
           their
           Crimes
           ,
           
           she
           not
           only
           punished
           them
           for
           their
           Wrongs
           ,
           but
           revoked
           their
           Commissions
           which
           she
           had
           formerly
           granted
           out
           ;
           And
           by
           a
           Proclamation
           she
           forbad
           any
           further
           inquiry
           should
           be
           made
           into
           the
           Titles
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           to
           those
           Lands
           they
           possessed
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           Crown
           ,
           by
           which
           she
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           that
           sort
           os
           Miscreants
           ,
           and
           secured
           the
           Estates
           of
           her
           People
           from
           further
           wrong
           .
           Whencver
           she
           found
           that
           her
           
           People
           had
           been
           afflicted
           ,
           or
           ruined
           in
           their
           Fortunes
           by
           the
           
             Judges
             and
             Governors
          
           she
           had
           set
           over
           them
           in
           any
           part
           of
           her
           Dominions
           ,
           she
           consolated
           them
           upon
           the
           first
           opportunity
           .
           Before
           her
           time
           the
           Usurers
           of
           England
           had
           taken
           what
           they
           could
           get
           from
           all
           for
           usury
           ;
           and
           she
           to
           prevent
           the
           Frauds
           and
           rapacious
           Encroachments
           of
           these
           men
           ,
           first
           passed
           a
           Law
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           not
           take
           above
           ten
           in
           the
           hundred
           for
           one
           years
           
           interest
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           plenty
           of
           Money
           sunk
           after
           to
           Six
           ,
           and
           of
           late
           ,
           without
           any
           Act
           ,
           to
           five
           in
           the
           Hundred
           .
           To
           prevent
           enhansement
           of
           the
           Market
           ,
           she
           made
           a
           severe
           Law
           against
           
             Forestallers
             ,
             Ingrossers
          
           ,
           and
           Regattors
           ,
           repelling
           their
           insatiable
           Avarice
           ,
           by
           imprisoning
           ,
           whipping
           ,
           and
           Pillory
           .
           She
           
           called
           her
           Customs
           the
           Nerves
           of
           the
           Nation
           
           (
           as
           they
           were
           the
           best
           branch
           of
           her
           Revenues
           )
           and
           she
           made
           it
           her
           business
           to
           study
           them
           ,
           and
           well
           understand
           the
           value
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           ways
           of
           raising
           them
           .
           When
           her
           Exchequer
           was
           at
           the
           lowest
           ebb
           ,
           she
           detested
           all
           Monopolies
           and
           bitter
           Exactions
           upon
           
           her
           People
           ,
           which
           she
           thought
           to
           be
           utterly
           unlawful
           ,
           and
           tending
           more
           to
           the
           loading
           her
           with
           the
           hatred
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           than
           the
           enriching
           of
           her
           Coffers
           .
           She
           was
           very
           severe
           against
           all
           Informers
           ,
           or
           Promoters
           ,
           who
           having
           
           been
           for
           many
           Ages
           encouraged
           by
           her
           Predecessors
           ,
           as
           the
           Enrichers
           and
           Improvers
           of
           the
           Royal
           Revenues
           ,
           had
           contracted
           a
           vast
           envy
           from
           the
           whole
           Nation
           ;
           but
           she
           was
           the
           first
           Prince
           that
           would
           suffer
           their
           Crimes
           to
           be
           inquired
           into
           ;
           and
           finding
           they
           had
           been
           guilty
           of
           many
           ill
           Actions
           ,
           she
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           punished
           them
           for
           what
           they
           had
           done
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           no
           longer
           impoverish
           the
           better
           and
           richer
           part
           of
           her
           Subjects
           .
           Thus
           she
           delivered
           her
           People
           from
           the
           grievous
           Oppressions
           of
           
             Usurers
             ,
             Ingrossers
          
           ,
           and
           Promoters
           .
           She
           was
           no
           less
           careful
           to
           protect
           them
           against
           the
           Avarice
           of
           her
           
           Judges
           and
           Presidents
           ;
           and
           when
           any
           of
           them
           came
           to
           wait
           on
           her
           ,
           she
           would
           upon
           occasion
           speak
           very
           severely
           against
           their
           aspiring
           to
           those
           places
           ,
           the
           
           multitude
           of
           Suits
           ,
           and
           the
           over
           great
           variety
           of
           Causes
           .
           She
           encreased
           the
           Wages
           of
           her
           Judges
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           deliver
           them
           at
           once
           from
           the
           temptation
           and
           suspition
           of
           Bribery
           .
           She
           passed
           an
           excellent
           and
           a
           most
           equitable
           Law
           ,
           for
           the
           more
           speedy
           determining
           the
           Cases
           depending
           in
           her
           Courts
           .
           
             She
             admonished
             her
             Judges
             ,
             That
             
             they
             should
             consider
             the
             Judgment
             or
             Jurisdiction
             they
             exercised
             ,
             was
             God's
             ;
             and
             therefore
             they
             should
             hear
             with
             patience
             ,
             and
             give
             judgment
             with
             equity
             and
             justice
             ,
             truly
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             corruption
             .
             That
             they
             should
             diligently
             study
             the
             Law
             ,
             and
             consider
             it
             well
             ,
             and
             with
             relation
             to
             the
             profit
             of
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             not
             shew
             the
             sharpness
             of
             their
             Wits
             by
             a
             falacious
             interpretation
             of
             a
             doubtful
             Law
             ,
             to
             the
             injury
             of
             her
             People
             ;
             but
             that
             without
             partiality
             they
             should
             administer
             equal
             Justice
             to
             all
             ,
             and
             severely
             punish
             those
             they
             found
             guilty
             .
          
           If
           therefore
           there
           were
           any
           just
           cause
           os
           complaint
           in
           her
           times
           ,
           it
           was
           only
           
           owing
           to
           the
           Judges
           ,
           who
           had
           a
           full
           liberty
           to
           have
           satisfied
           the
           Nation
           by
           their
           Fidelity
           and
           Integrity
           ,
           and
           the
           Religious
           Observation
           of
           their
           Oaths
           ;
           and
           so
           were
           not
           necessitated
           to
           become
           a
           Grievance
           to
           her
           People
           by
           Illegal
           Proo●…edings
           .
           But
           then
           all
           these
           cares
           shew
           the
           Corruption
           of
           the
           Times
           ,
           and
           that
           many
           of
           the
           Law-Proceedings
           had
           been
           corrupted
           by
           the
           Lawyers
           ,
           which
           made
           these
           Laws
           for
           the
           correction
           of
           them
           necessary
           .
           When
           she
           had
           thus
           restored
           her
           Law-Courts
           ,
           her
           next
           care
           was
           to
           restrain
           the
           License
           of
           the
           Theatre
           ,
           
           and
           she
           prohibited
           all
           Exercises
           and
           Plays
           ,
           but
           what
           were
           Manly
           ,
           and
           tended
           to
           the
           fitting
           her
           Subjects
           for
           War
           ,
           by
           making
           their
           bodies
           more
           hardy
           and
           active
           ,
           and
           their
           Souls
           more
           valiant
           .
           Her
           Divine
           Virtues
           are
           not
           to
           be
           Recompenced
           by
           Statues
           of
           Brass
           or
           Marble
           ,
           which
           have
           more
           of
           Ostentation
           than
           true
           and
           solid
           Honour
           ;
           nor
           are
           they
           to
           be
           Equall'd
           by
           any
           Commendations
           or
           Magnificent
           Titles
           ;
           for
           they
           deserved
           more
           Lasting
           Monuments
           to
           be
           erected
           in
           the
           Minds
           and
           Judgments
           of
           men
           for
           an
           Everlasting
           Remembrance
           .
           And
           certainly
           Posterity
           will
           stand
           amazed
           to
           read
           and
           consider
           
           a
           State
           so
           firmly
           established
           by
           the
           Greatness
           of
           her
           Soul
           and
           Counsels
           ,
           so
           many
           Victories
           obtained
           ,
           and
           such
           incredible
           things
           done
           in
           her
           Times
           .
        
         
           Tho
           her
           Reign
           was
           the
           most
           glorious
           and
           happy
           period
           or
           space
           of
           time
           
           that
           had
           ever
           hapned
           to
           this
           Island
           from
           the
           Norman
           Conquest
           to
           her
           days
           ;
           yet
           there
           were
           some
           Misfortunes
           and
           Calamities
           that
           clouded
           the
           Brightness
           of
           it
           .
           In
           the
           fifth
           year
           of
           her
           Reign
           there
           was
           a
           Plague
           brought
           out
           of
           France
           by
           her
           Soldiers
           from
           Newhaven
           ,
           which
           destroyed
           more
           people
           in
           England
           than
           any
           that
           had
           happened
           before
           it
           .
           The
           Earthquakes
           that
           happened
           frequently
           in
           those
           times
           ,
           frighted
           the
           English
           more
           than
           any
           other
           thing
           ,
           they
           being
           very
           unusual
           ,
           and
           attended
           ,
           with
           horrible
           Noises
           in
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           some
           Damage
           .
           The
           Queen
           was
           always
           ready
           to
           relieve
           any
           of
           her
           Subjects
           that
           had
           suffered
           by
           these
           Earthquakes
           ,
           Inundations
           ,
           or
           Fire
           ;
           her
           Coffers
           were
           ever
           open
           to
           redress
           the
           Calamities
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           to
           enable
           them
           to
           repair
           their
           Losses
           .
           When
           the
           people
           of
           London
           fell
           into
           an
           outragious
           
           Tumult
           on
           the
           account
           of
           a
           Famine
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           want
           of
           Corn
           ,
           she
           first
           by
           her
           Royal
           Proclamation
           appeased
           their
           enraged
           minds
           ,
           and
           then
           commanded
           the
           Lord
           Mayor
           to
           undertake
           the
           Care
           of
           supplying
           the
           Wants
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           and
           she
           sent
           many
           Ships
           into
           the
           Baltick
           Sea
           ,
           and
           to
           Poland
           ,
           for
           Corn
           ,
           which
           upon
           their
           return
           put
           an
           end
           to
           these
           Complaints
           .
        
         
           She
           would
           punish
           the
           Iniquities
           of
           
           her
           Magistrates
           ,
           whenever
           she
           found
           them
           guilty
           ;
           but
           then
           she
           would
           defend
           their
           Lawful
           Power
           ,
           and
           assert
           their
           Just
           Authority
           against
           ill
           men
           ,
           with
           the
           hazard
           of
           her
           Life
           .
           Thus
           she
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           Insolence
           of
           the
           Londoners
           when
           they
           were
           in
           the
           greatest
           Rage
           that
           was
           possible
           ,
           by
           the
           sole
           Authority
           of
           her
           Proclamation
           ,
           without
           any
           Forces
           .
           She
           frequently
           
           issued
           considerable
           Sums
           of
           Money
           out
           of
           her
           Treasury
           ,
           for
           the
           Relief
           of
           the
           Poor
           .
           She
           took
           a
           particular
           care
           that
           all
           Religious
           Foundations
           ,
           and
           places
           built
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           Poor
           ,
           should
           be
           employed
           to
           the
           right
           uses
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Lands
           and
           Houses
           belonging
           to
           them
           ,
           should
           for
           ever
           be
           preserved
           intire
           to
           them
           .
        
         
         
           As
           she
           took
           effectual
           and
           wise
           Care
           
           to
           heal
           the
           Wounds
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           or
           Civil
           Government
           ,
           so
           she
           well
           understood
           the
           Diseases
           of
           the
           Church
           were
           to
           be
           taken
           into
           consideration
           too
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           prevented
           with
           the
           utmost
           hazard
           of
           a
           Prince's
           Personal
           Safety
           :
           To
           this
           end
           she
           made
           severe
           Laws
           against
           the
           selling
           Livings
           ,
           the
           Avarice
           of
           Patrons
           ,
           and
           the
           Simony
           of
           Clergy-men
           .
           She
           detested
           the
           giving
           Curacies
           and
           Preferments
           to
           those
           that
           had
           no
           Learning
           .
           She
           preferred
           honest
           stout
           men
           ,
           who
           were
           well
           read
           in
           Divine
           and
           Humane
           Literature
           ,
           and
           well
           acquainted
           with
           Men
           ,
           and
           Books
           ,
           and
           the
           Times
           ,
           to
           the
           Dignities
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           and
           the
           greatest
           and
           best
           endowed
           Livings
           :
           But
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           she
           despised
           all
           those
           that
           had
           neither
           Virtue
           ,
           nor
           Parts
           ,
           nor
           Learning
           ;
           but
           above
           all
           ,
           the
           dishonest
           ,
           slanderous
           ,
           and
           crasty
           Knaves
           ,
           who
           were
           at
           a
           catch
           to
           injure
           others
           .
           She
           compelled
           all
           that
           were
           inducted
           into
           any
           Benefice
           ,
           to
           swear
           ,
           That
           they
           had
           not
           given
           nor
           promised
           any
           thing
           to
           any
           person
           whatsoever
           ,
           directly
           or
           indirectly
           ,
           on
           the
           account
           of
           that
           Preferment
           .
           She
           would
           not
           suffer
           any
           Benefice
           to
           be
           bought
           or
           sold
           ;
           but
           she
           
           detested
           the
           Buyer
           and
           the
           Seller
           as
           the
           worst
           of
           Plagues
           ;
           and
           took
           care
           to
           exclude
           them
           from
           that
           and
           all
           other
           Preferments
           .
           She
           was
           never
           silent
           or
           unconcerned
           ,
           when
           unworthy
           and
           unfit
           men
           were
           recommended
           to
           the
           Dignities
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           The
           most
           earnest
           solicitations
           of
           the
           greatest
           of
           her
           Courtiers
           and
           Favourites
           ,
           could
           in
           this
           case
           have
           no
           effect
           upon
           her
           ;
           and
           in
           all
           other
           things
           which
           concerned
           the
           Safety
           and
           Welfare
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           she
           took
           a
           Pious
           and
           Religious
           Care
           to
           place
           her
           Favours
           to
           the
           best
           advantage
           .
        
         
           She
           was
           a
           Lady
           of
           Great
           Beauty
           ,
           of
           
           a
           Decent
           Stature
           ,
           and
           of
           an
           Excellent
           Shape
           :
           In
           her
           youth
           she
           was
           adorned
           with
           a
           more
           than
           usual
           Maiden
           Modesty
           ;
           her
           Skin
           was
           of
           pure
           white
           ,
           and
           her
           hair
           of
           a
           yellow
           colour
           ;
           her
           Eyes
           were
           beautiful
           and
           lively
           :
           In
           short
           ,
           her
           whole
           Body
           was
           well
           made
           ,
           and
           her
           Face
           was
           adorned
           with
           a
           wonderful
           and
           sweet
           Beauty
           and
           Majesty
           .
           This
           Beauty
           lasted
           till
           her
           Middle
           Age
           ,
           tho
           it
           declined
           :
           In
           her
           Old
           Age
           she
           became
           deformed
           with
           Wrinkles
           ,
           Leanness
           ,
           and
           fallen
           Lips
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           was
           
           hard
           to
           believe
           she
           had
           ever
           had
           that
           Excellent
           Composure
           ,
           and
           Lovely
           Beauty
           :
           But
           then
           ,
           Time
           was
           able
           to
           make
           no
           change
           in
           her
           ,
           as
           to
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           her
           Princely
           Speech
           and
           Carriage
           ;
           her
           Mind
           was
           as
           high
           ,
           her
           Manners
           as
           regular
           ,
           and
           the
           Course
           of
           her
           Life
           the
           same
           it
           had
           ever
           been
           .
           She
           was
           however
           so
           displeased
           to
           see
           her
           Beauty
           wear
           off
           ,
           and
           her
           Body
           decline
           from
           its
           former
           Lustre
           ,
           that
           she
           made
           her self
           a
           little
           ridiculous
           ,
           by
           her
           taking
           too
           much
           notice
           of
           it
           .
           If
           she
           hapned
           by
           accident
           to
           cast
           her
           eye
           upon
           a
           true
           Looking-glass
           ,
           she
           would
           be
           strangely
           
           transported
           and
           offended
           ,
           because
           it
           did
           not
           still
           shew
           her
           what
           she
           had
           been
           .
           The
           Courtiers
           ,
           who
           knew
           her
           humour
           ,
           if
           she
           were
           to
           pass
           through
           any
           of
           the
           Ladies
           Chambers
           that
           waited
           on
           her
           ,
           presently
           conveyed
           away
           all
           the
           Looking-glasses
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           for
           haste
           broke
           them
           .
           To
           please
           and
           flatter
           her
           ,
           they
           would
           also
           frequently
           admire
           her
           Beauty
           ,
           and
           pretend
           in
           her
           greatest
           Age
           and
           Deformity
           she
           was
           still
           handsome
           and
           lovely
           .
           She
           was
           strangely
           pleased
           to
           hear
           the
           Beauty
           of
           her
           Face
           ,
           the
           Sweetness
           of
           her
           Voice
           ,
           and
           the
           Majesty
           and
           Decence
           of
           her
           Countenance
           
           still
           admired
           by
           others
           :
           And
           this
           gave
           occasion
           to
           many
           unworthy
           strokes
           of
           Flattery
           ,
           and
           examples
           of
           
           Adulation
           .
           Thus
           the
           Orators
           of
           those
           times
           would
           too
           often
           in
           their
           Speeches
           vainly
           commemorate
           and
           celebrate
           the
           wonderful
           and
           pleasing
           Beauty
           and
           Shape
           of
           their
           Queen
           ,
           and
           say
           ,
           The
           Majesty
           of
           her
           Countenance
           was
           not
           at
           all
           subject
           to
           the
           Injuries
           of
           Time
           ;
           when
           their
           eyes
           told
           them
           and
           all
           that
           saw
           her
           ,
           the
           contrary
           ;
           from
           thence
           they
           went
           on
           sometimes
           to
           tell
           her
           ,
           She
           had
           a
           Soul
           was
           worthy
           to
           Rule
           over
           the
           whole
           World
           ;
           and
           enjoyed
           those
           Favours
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           Gifts
           of
           Nature
           and
           Art
           ,
           which
           fitted
           her
           for
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Universe
           :
           Nor
           were
           her
           stately
           Palaces
           and
           Buildings
           ,
           her
           noble
           Furniture
           ,
           her
           fine
           Statues
           ,
           or
           excellent
           Pictures
           ,
           her
           great
           Treasures
           ,
           Virtues
           ,
           or
           Felicity
           ,
           forgotten
           on
           these
           occasions
           .
        
         
           The
           Flatteries
           of
           Learned
           men
           towards
           
           her
           were
           very
           base
           and
           shameful
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           would
           hardly
           become
           the
           Stage
           or
           Theatre
           ;
           for
           they
           would
           often
           apply
           to
           her
           that
           Expression
           of
           Virgil's
           as
           spoken
           of
           her
           ,
           
             (
             O
             Dea
             certe
             )
             !
             Surely
          
           
           
             this
             is
             a
             Goddess
          
           !
           And
           that
           Sentence
           too
           which
           Tacitus
           marked
           as
           the
           utmost
           pitch
           of
           a
           wild
           and
           boundless
           Assentation
           ,
           
             (
             Solam
             D.
             Elizabethae
             mentena
             tantae
             molis
             capacem
             )
             ,
             That
             none
             but
             the
             Divine
             Soul
             of
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           
             was
             able
             to
             sustain
             that
             Weight
             :
          
           By
           which
           extravagant
           Flatteries
           they
           would
           have
           had
           men
           think
           that
           the
           Name
           of
           their
           Queen
           had
           something
           of
           Divinity
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           revered
           her
           as
           a
           Goddess
           which
           fell
           from
           Heaven
           .
           These
           base
           and
           pernicious
           Flatteries
           so
           far
           transported
           the
           minds
           of
           
             Caligula
             ,
             Domitian
          
           ,
           and
           Heliogabilus
           ,
           that
           they
           fell
           into
           a
           kind
           of
           Madness
           ,
           and
           forgetting
           the
           frailty
           of
           their
           humane
           state
           ,
           they
           assumed
           the
           Stile
           and
           Honours
           of
           gods
           ,
           and
           despised
           all
           Religions
           ,
           and
           the
           Providence
           of
           God.
           The
           Queen
           especially
           
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           endeavoured
           to
           raise
           in
           the
           minds
           of
           her
           Subjects
           an
           high
           opinion
           of
           her self
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           she
           shewed
           her self
           on
           all
           occasions
           very
           Civil
           and
           Obliging
           to
           the
           Many
           in
           her
           Attire
           ,
           Retinue
           ,
           and
           Carriage
           .
           She
           always
           openly
           profess'd
           that
           she
           would
           make
           it
           her
           business
           to
           employ
           her
           Estate
           and
           Fortunes
           in
           the
           most
           prudent
           Administration
           of
           her
           
           Royal
           Power
           and
           Authority
           .
           Whatever
           
           she
           did
           or
           said
           was
           by
           her
           designed
           to
           draw
           upon
           her self
           the
           Applause
           and
           Good
           Wills
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           her
           Moderation
           and
           Prudence
           she
           won
           the
           Hearts
           ,
           and
           obtained
           the
           Prailes
           of
           all
           men
           .
           Afterwards
           with
           the
           Prosperity
           of
           her
           Affairs
           ,
           Flattery
           ,
           that
           old
           haunter
           of
           the
           Courts
           of
           
             Fortunate
             Monarchs
          
           ,
           under
           the
           Vizor
           and
           Mask
           of
           Diligence
           ,
           Loyalty
           ,
           and
           Duty
           ,
           gained
           her
           ear
           and
           her
           heart
           ;
           and
           she
           was
           pleased
           to
           see
           her
           Parasitical
           Courtiers
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           looked
           intently
           on
           her
           ,
           of
           sudden
           cast
           their
           eyes
           upon
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           craftilyseem
           to
           shake
           ,
           as
           if
           their
           Modesty
           was
           not
           able
           to
           bear
           the
           Greatness
           of
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           the
           splendor
           of
           her
           Heavenly
           Eyes
           .
           And
           if
           in
           their
           common
           Intercourses
           with
           her
           ,
           or
           their
           Publick
           Addresses
           to
           her
           ,
           they
           happened
           to
           fall
           into
           Flattery
           ,
           she
           never
           corrected
           them
           for
           it
           ,
           nor
           forbid
           these
           indecent
           and
           unseasonable
           Flatteries
           .
           She
           would
           not
           suffer
           any
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           tho
           Parliament-men
           ,
           to
           speak
           to
           her
           by
           way
           of
           Address
           or
           Business
           ,
           but
           upon
           their
           Knees
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           submission
           .
           The
           crafty
           men
           of
           that
           Age
           who
           lay
           in
           Ambush
           ,
           
           made
           great
           use
           of
           this
           Infirmity
           
           of
           the
           Queen's
           ,
           and
           observed
           not
           only
           her
           Words
           ,
           but
           her
           Looks
           and
           Nods
           ,
           and
           flattered
           her
           in
           every
           thing
           .
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Henage
          
           ,
           a
           Knight
           ,
           was
           one
           of
           these
           cunning
           Blades
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           basest
           crouching
           Insinuations
           scrued
           himself
           into
           her
           good
           opinion
           ,
           and
           most
           intimate
           Familiarity
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           means
           in
           her
           Court
           raised
           himself
           to
           a
           great
           Power
           and
           Estate
           .
           And
           besides
           him
           ,
           there
           were
           many
           others
           who
           were
           not
           ignorant
           of
           this
           useful
           Art
           ,
           tho
           they
           were
           inferior
           to
           him
           in
           Place
           ,
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           Fame
           .
           Tho
           many
           of
           her
           more
           sincere
           and
           hearty
           Friends
           advised
           her
           ,
           
             Not
             to
             be
             imposed
             on
             by
             the
             specious
             Pretences
             of
             obsequious
             Diligence
             and
             Respect
          
           ;
           yet
           she
           was
           not
           only
           better
           pleased
           with
           Flattery
           than
           Truth
           ,
           but
           hated
           all
           that
           Liberty
           in
           her
           Subjects
           that
           was
           above
           this
           practice
           .
           A
           Learned
           man
           taking
           notice
           in
           one
           of
           his
           Sermons
           before
           her
           ,
           That
           she
           that
           had
           been
           as
           meek
           
             as
             a
             Lamb
          
           ,
           was
           become
           an
           
             untameable
             Heifer
          
           ;
           he
           was
           reprehended
           by
           her
           so
           soon
           as
           he
           came
           out
           of
           the
           Pulpit
           ,
           
             as
             an
             over-confident
             man
             ,
             that
             dishonoured
             his
             Sovereign
          
           ;
           as
           in
           truth
           that
           was
           the
           worst
           Time
           and
           
           Place
           he
           could
           have
           chosen
           to
           Reprove
           her
           in
           .
           David's
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           great
           Piety
           and
           Learning
           ,
           discoursing
           once
           very
           prudently
           of
           the
           many
           Infirmities
           of
           Old
           Age
           ,
           so
           provoked
           the
           Indignation
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           that
           she
           would
           never
           after
           endure
           to
           hear
           him
           .
           Tho
           she
           was
           an
           utter
           Enemy
           to
           all
           Freedom
           of
           Speech
           ,
           yet
           she
           very
           well
           knew
           how
           to
           distinguish
           between
           a
           
             Crafty
             Preacher
             who
             made
             it
             his
          
           
           
             business
             to
             accomodate
             himself
             to
             the
             Opinions
             and
             Wills
             of
             his
             Hearers
             ,
             and
             a
             constant
             ,
             severe
             ,
             and
             grave
             man.
          
           Accordingly
           she
           ever
           preferr'd
           a
           Moderate
           and
           Temperate
           Way
           of
           Preaching
           ,
           for
           fear
           her
           People
           should
           have
           been
           excited
           by
           such
           Turbulent
           men
           to
           excessive
           Insolence
           ,
           and
           the
           minds
           of
           wiser
           men
           should
           also
           have
           been
           offended
           .
           In
           this
           affair
           she
           made
           good
           use
           of
           the
           provident
           Prudence
           of
           the
           Bishops
           ,
           
           who
           deprived
           the
           over-fiery
           spirits
           of
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Preaching
           ,
           and
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           their
           excessive
           Boldness
           .
           And
           this
           was
           the
           principal
           Reason
           why
           none
           were
           suffercd
           to
           Preach
           in
           her
           times
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           were
           Licensed
           to
           do
           so
           .
           Yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           she
           was
           a
           Person
           of
           great
           Piety
           ,
           and
           endowed
           with
           
           the
           most
           ardent
           Love
           of
           Religion
           ;
           but
           then
           she
           did
           not
           think
           it
           was
           fit
           to
           suffer
           her
           Kingdoms
           to
           be
           embroiled
           by
           Seditious
           spirits
           ,
           under
           the
           Mask
           and
           
           Pretence
           of
           avoiding
           Persecution
           ,
           and
           promoting
           the
           Service
           of
           God
           :
           And
           she
           was
           happy
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           in
           her
           times
           those
           Parties
           that
           have
           since
           spread
           themselves
           over
           this
           whole
           Kingdom
           ,
           were
           small
           and
           inconsiderable
           ,
           and
           so
           she
           was
           under
           no
           necessity
           of
           complying
           with
           them
           for
           her
           own
           safety
           ,
           but
           could
           treat
           them
           as
           she
           thought
           fit
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           if
           her
           two
           next
           immediate
           Successors
           had
           pursued
           the
           same
           Methods
           she
           did
           ,
           there
           had
           been
           no
           Civil
           War
           in
           England
           ;
           but
           whilst
           they
           sought
           to
           gratifie
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Roman-Catholick
           Religion
           abroad
           ,
           by
           their
           Lenity
           to
           the
           Papists
           at
           home
           ,
           the
           Protestant
           Dissenters
           grew
           up
           here
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           were
           connived
           at
           ,
           encreased
           ;
           if
           they
           were
           suppressed
           ,
           they
           turned
           the
           Envy
           of
           the
           Favour
           shewn
           to
           the
           Papists
           ,
           upon
           the
           Government
           ;
           and
           easily
           persuaded
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           Popery
           would
           be
           restored
           in
           England
           .
           Whether
           she
           consulted
           of
           〈◊〉
           〈◊〉
           War
           ,
           she
           always
           set
           God
           befo●…
           〈◊〉
           ,
           and
           directed
           all
           things
           to
           〈◊〉
           〈◊〉
           .
           For
           
           the
           promoting
           Charity
           and
           Piety
           ,
           she
           
           Religiously
           observed
           the
           stated
           and
           ap
           pointed
           Festivals
           of
           the
           Church
           ,
           when
           she
           was
           present
           at
           the
           appointed
           Prayers
           ,
           and
           the
           Sermons
           ,
           both
           which
           she
           heard
           with
           much
           Devotion
           and
           Attention
           ,
           but
           without
           the
           least
           mixture
           of
           Superstition
           .
           She
           ever
           received
           the
           Eucharist
           with
           highest
           Expressions
           of
           Respect
           ,
           and
           used
           the
           Ceremonies
           of
           the
           Church
           .
           When
           she
           went
           to
           hear
           the
           Week
           day
           or
           Lent-Sermons
           ,
           she
           was
           ever
           attended
           by
           many
           of
           ,
           her
           Nobility
           of
           both
           Sexes
           ,
           but
           without
           ,
           any
           extraordinary
           Splendor
           in
           her
           Dress
           or
           Retinue
           .
           According
           to
           the
           nature
           and
           circumstance
           of
           the
           times
           ,
           she
           religiously
           and
           devoutly
           listned
           to
           the
           Sermons
           made
           before
           her
           ;
           and
           according
           to
           the
           Merits
           of
           the
           Preachers
           ,
           rarely
           failed
           to
           shew
           them
           her
           Favour
           ,
           and
           salute
           and
           thank
           them
           before
           they
           went
           away
           .
           She
           very
           freely
           exposed
           
           her
           Life
           to
           the
           utmost
           hazards
           for
           the
           preserving
           the
           Dignity
           and
           Discipline
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           to
           which
           end
           she
           caused
           her
           Laws
           against
           the
           Papists
           to
           be
           constantly
           and
           regularly
           executed
           ;
           and
           she
           shewed
           the
           same
           Severity
           against
           the
           Obstinacy
           of
           the
           Protestant
           
           Dissenters
           ,
           whom
           she
           kept
           all
           her
           times
           under
           strict
           and
           sharp
           Restraint
           .
           I
           think
           it
           is
           not
           needful
           to
           shew
           here
           again
           to
           what
           great
           Perils
           she
           exposed
           her
           Life
           for
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           Reformed
           Religion
           .
        
         
           She
           shewed
           her self
           ever
           easie
           and
           
           merciful
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           condescended
           to
           humour
           them
           ,
           and
           promote
           their
           Welfare
           with
           the
           utmost
           Humanity
           .
           By
           this
           her
           Clemency
           and
           Sweetness
           ,
           and
           the
           Equity
           of
           her
           Laws
           ,
           and
           the
           Proceedings
           on
           them
           ,
           her
           Courteous
           Behaviour
           ,
           and
           Obliging
           Speeches
           to
           them
           ,
           she
           so
           intirely
           won
           their
           Hearts
           ,
           and
           fixed
           their
           Affections
           ,
           that
           without
           any
           Command
           of
           hers
           ,
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           ,
           and
           by
           an
           universal
           Consent
           ,
           they
           every
           year
           celebrated
           her
           Coronation-Day
           with
           a
           Religious
           Joy
           :
           They
           chearfully
           exposed
           their
           Lives
           to
           any
           Danger
           for
           her
           Safety
           ;
           and
           never
           refused
           to
           suffer
           or
           hazard
           any
           thing
           ,
           if
           they
           might
           but
           enjoy
           their
           beloved
           Queen
           .
           Being
           thus
           secured
           of
           the
           Affection
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           she
           lived
           pleasantly
           and
           securely
           in
           Peace
           and
           Plenty
           ;
           and
           she
           could
           safely
           treat
           her
           Nobility
           ,
           as
           became
           a
           Prince
           ,
           when
           she
           
           was
           sure
           to
           be
           reverenced
           and
           obeyed
           ;
           her
           Authority
           being
           supported
           thus
           by
           the
           Love
           and
           good
           disposition
           of
           her
           Subjects
           towards
           her
           .
           The
           People
           honoured
           some
           of
           her
           Ministers
           of
           State
           too
           ,
           and
           very
           much
           applauded
           them
           ;
           and
           upon
           every
           
             New-Year's
             Day
          
           freely
           made
           a
           present
           to
           them
           ,
           to
           testifie
           the
           grateful
           sense
           they
           had
           of
           the
           Benefits
           they
           had
           received
           by
           their
           Ministry
           .
           The
           People
           of
           the
           meanest
           degree
           had
           ever
           an
           easie
           access
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           could
           with
           the
           utmost
           freedom
           make
           their
           Complaints
           to
           her
           of
           any
           Injury
           they
           had
           suffered
           from
           the
           greatest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           is
           very
           difficult
           to
           say
           ,
           whether
           her
           Subjects
           most
           feared
           her
           Authority
           ,
           or
           loved
           her
           Humanity
           and
           Courtesie
           .
           All
           these
           many
           and
           great
           Virtues
           ,
           her
           Piety
           ,
           the
           Love
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           the
           careful
           diligence
           she
           employed
           to
           win
           and
           keep
           the
           Affections
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           sprang
           from
           one
           and
           the
           same
           Fountain
           ,
           her
           Prudence
           .
           This
           taught
           her
           how
           much
           it
           contributed
           to
           the
           Safety
           and
           Security
           of
           her
           State
           ,
           to
           have
           her
           Privy
           Council
           consist
           of
           none
           but
           Wise
           and
           Faithful
           Men
           ,
           chosen
           freely
           and
           prudently
           by
           her self
           :
           And
           
           by
           the
           Authority
           and
           with
           the
           Approbation
           of
           this
           Council
           ,
           she
           provided
           for
           the
           Government
           of
           her
           Border-Counties
           and
           Garisons
           ,
           approved
           men
           ,
           of
           good
           Understandings
           ,
           and
           well
           Educated
           ,
           who
           were
           to
           take
           care
           to
           secure
           her
           Kingdom
           from
           External
           Surprizes
           ,
           and
           Internal
           Broils
           ;
           they
           were
           directed
           by
           her
           to
           take
           care
           also
           of
           whatever
           tended
           to
           the
           Welfare
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           and
           to
           punish
           what
           was
           wicked
           and
           disquieting
           ;
           which
           they
           did
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           the
           execution
           of
           good
           Laws
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           the
           exemplary
           Lives
           they
           led
           .
        
         
           The
           Parliaments
           in
           her
           time
           were
           
           frequent
           ,
           and
           well
           tempered
           ;
           the
           Lower
           House
           being
           generally
           chosen
           of
           Men
           of
           good
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           beloved
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           upon
           the
           opinion
           of
           their
           Integrity
           ,
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           Piety
           :
           By
           their
           Advice
           and
           Assistance
           the
           Royal
           Authority
           became
           more
           resplendant
           ;
           and
           whilst
           they
           did
           their
           Duties
           ,
           she
           as
           carefully
           observed
           their
           Privileges
           ,
           and
           regarded
           their
           Petitions
           and
           Advices
           ;
           but
           if
           at
           any
           time
           they
           hapned
           to
           transgress
           their
           bounds
           ,
           and
           intrench
           upon
           her
           Authority
           ,
           she
           would
           
           make
           them
           soon
           sensible
           that
           they
           were
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           Parliament
           ,
           as
           out
           of
           Parliament
           :
           And
           the
           truth
           is
           ,
           those
           Notions
           and
           Practices
           which
           afterwards
           imbroil
           d
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           injealoused
           some
           ,
           and
           ruined
           one
           of
           her
           Successors
           ,
           began
           to
           spring
           up
           in
           her
           time
           ,
           and
           were
           only
           suppressed
           by
           the
           prudence
           and
           steadiness
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           her
           wise
           Council
           ,
           good
           Government
           ,
           and
           the
           affection
           the
           People
           bore
           to
           her
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           was
           not
           possible
           for
           Factious
           and
           Ambitious
           Men
           in
           her
           times
           to
           raise
           those
           Fears
           ,
           or
           foment
           those
           Distrusts
           ,
           that
           became
           so
           fatal
           afterwards
           .
           Though
           she
           was
           thus
           jealous
           of
           her
           own
           Regal
           and
           Sovereign
           Authority
           ,
           by
           which
           she
           had
           the
           right
           of
           conferring
           Titles
           of
           Honour
           ,
           administring
           Justice
           ,
           &c.
           yet
           she
           did
           little
           of
           importance
           without
           the
           concurrence
           of
           the
           
             Three
             Estates
          
           :
           And
           they
           never
           stubbornly
           and
           generally
           invaded
           the
           Royal
           Authority
           ,
           despised
           her
           Commands
           ,
           or
           resisted
           her
           Counsels
           and
           Admonitions
           .
           Whilst
           she
           was
           setling
           the
           methods
           of
           her
           Government
           ,
           she
           laid
           down
           this
           as
           a
           certain
           Maxim
           ,
           which
           she
           had
           learned
           from
           the
           English
           History
           ,
           and
           her
           own
           
           Observation
           and
           Experience
           ,
           
             That
             the
          
           
           
             People
             of
          
           England
           
             were
             more
             governable
             in
             times
             of
             War
             ,
             than
             in
             times
             of
             Peace
             .
             That
             the
             common
             People
             were
             hardened
             and
             made
             valiant
             by
             War
             ,
             but
             by
             too
             much
             Peace
             became
             sloathful
             and
             dissolute
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             Factious
             and
             unquiet
             .
          
           That
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           if
           once
           manumised
           from
           the
           Labours
           and
           Perils
           of
           War
           ,
           would
           in
           Peace
           become
           expensive
           ,
           luxurious
           and
           effeminate
           .
           Her
           greater
           care
           was
           to
           know
           throughly
           the
           state
           of
           her
           Kingdoms
           ;
           and
           those
           men
           that
           were
           intrusted
           by
           her
           to
           govern
           her
           People
           ,
           whose
           Words
           and
           Actions
           she
           carefully
           observed
           .
           She
           carefully
           observed
           the
           Examples
           of
           her
           Royal
           Ancestors
           ,
           the
           Publick
           Laws
           and
           Institutions
           ,
           the
           Manners
           and
           Inclinations
           of
           the
           Common
           People
           ,
           the
           Names
           and
           Abilities
           of
           her
           Nobility
           ,
           their
           Publick
           Offices
           ,
           and
           Private
           Estates
           ,
           the
           number
           of
           her
           Soldiers
           and
           Garisons
           ,
           her
           Fleets
           and
           Forts
           ,
           and
           whatever
           else
           had
           been
           provided
           for
           the
           defence
           and
           safety
           of
           her
           Kingdoms
           ;
           her
           Customs
           ,
           Taxes
           ,
           Crown-Lands
           ,
           and
           Revenues
           ,
           and
           the
           Charges
           and
           Expence
           she
           was
           to
           make
           ;
           in
           all
           which
           she
           prudently
           and
           
           providently
           altered
           many
           things
           for
           the
           better
           .
           She
           never
           put
           Arms
           into
           the
           
           hands
           of
           the
           meanest
           and
           poorest
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           their
           wants
           might
           not
           prompt
           them
           to
           Sedition
           ;
           So
           that
           the
           Militia
           in
           her
           time
           was
           generally
           supplied
           by
           the
           
             Yeomanry
             and
             richer
             Tenants
          
           ,
           who
           served
           in
           their
           own
           Arms.
           The
           present
           Practice
           of
           imploying
           mean
           people
           ,
           arose
           upon
           the
           multiplying
           the
           Train
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           overcharging
           men
           ,
           which
           indeed
           has
           made
           them
           more
           numerous
           ,
           but
           not
           so
           safe
           ,
           considerable
           ,
           or
           governable
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           before
           ,
           to
           the
           damage
           both
           of
           the
           Crown
           and
           People
           .
           She
           never
           advanced
           any
           to
           the
           degree
           of
           a
           Peer
           ,
           but
           
           those
           that
           were
           men
           of
           worth
           ,
           and
           whose
           virtue
           and
           industry
           had
           rendered
           them
           fit
           for
           it
           ;
           and
           yet
           after
           all
           these
           Cautions
           ,
           the
           number
           she
           created
           was
           very
           small
           .
           She
           rarely
           created
           any
           man
           
             a
             Peer
          
           upon
           the
           solicitation
           or
           recommendation
           of
           others
           ,
           or
           for
           her
           own
           fancy
           or
           humour
           ;
           but
           when
           any
           person
           stood
           Candidate
           for
           that
           Honour
           ,
           there
           was
           an
           exact
           and
           careful
           confideration
           had
           of
           the
           Nobility
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           the
           Greatness
           of
           the
           Family
           ,
           the
           Endowments
           of
           his
           Mind
           ,
           
           and
           the
           briskness
           of
           his
           Parts
           ,
           of
           his
           Probity
           ,
           Wisdom
           and
           Prudence
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           strength
           and
           vigour
           of
           his
           Body
           ,
           which
           might
           enable
           him
           to
           perform
           some
           good
           service
           to
           the
           Nation
           .
           
             It
             was
             the
             rare
             felicity
             of
             these
             Times
             ,
             That
             men
             were
             advanced
             to
             Honours
             without
             their
             seeking
             it
             ;
             and
             sometimes
             against
             their
             wills
             ,
             being
             promoted
             for
             their
             Virtues
             ,
             not
             Fortunes
             .
          
           She
           chose
           
           her
           Counsellors
           ,
           Bishops
           ,
           Judges
           ,
           Ministers
           and
           Court-Officers
           ,
           and
           her
           inferior
           Magistrates
           ,
           on
           the
           single
           score
           of
           their
           Fidelity
           ,
           Experience
           ,
           Piety
           ,
           Justice
           ,
           Modesty
           ,
           Prudence
           and
           Wisdom
           :
           That
           they
           being
           thus
           advanced
           ,
           might
           exercise
           their
           Offices
           the
           more
           honourably
           and
           sincerely
           .
           She
           would
           often
           tell
           those
           she
           entrusted
           ,
           That
           they
           might
           rest
           assured
           she
           would
           reward
           their
           Integrity
           ,
           Industry
           and
           Equity
           ;
           and
           if
           she
           found
           them
           guilty
           of
           any
           Injustice
           and
           Oppression
           ,
           she
           would
           as
           certainly
           punish
           them
           for
           it
           .
           She
           would
           never
           entertain
           in
           her
           Service
           any
           Ignorant
           ,
           Covetous
           ,
           Dishonest
           ,
           or
           Light
           Person
           .
           She
           always
           loved
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Rawleigh
          
           for
           his
           great
           Ingenuity
           and
           Loyalty
           ,
           yet
           he
           was
           never
           admitted
           into
           the
           Privy
           Council
           .
           
           When
           Burleigh
           ,
           the
           Lord
           Treasurer
           ,
           had
           a
           long
           time
           solicited
           her
           to
           advance
           his
           Son
           Robert
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           great
           Parts
           ,
           to
           be
           Secretary
           of
           State
           ;
           she
           a
           great
           while
           denied
           it
           ,
           only
           because
           he
           was
           little
           of
           stature
           ,
           and
           hunch-backed
           ;
           and
           she
           thought
           it
           a
           dishonour
           to
           that
           Board
           ,
           to
           have
           a
           deformed
           Person
           sit
           amongst
           so
           many
           Eminent
           and
           Noble
           Persons
           ;
           and
           when
           afterwards
           he
           attained
           this
           Honour
           upon
           the
           solicitation
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           his
           other
           Friends
           ,
           the
           Nobility
           were
           highly
           offended
           at
           it
           .
           And
           when
           after
           that
           he
           was
           ,
           upon
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Lord
           Buckhurst
           ,
           made
           his
           Father's
           Assistant
           in
           the
           Treasury
           ,
           it
           so
           far
           provoked
           the
           Military
           men
           ,
           that
           it
           proved
           the
           Ruine
           of
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           well
           it
           ended
           here
           .
           The
           Queen
           being
           thus
           provided
           with
           a
           Wise
           and
           Noble
           Council
           with
           great
           care
           and
           prudence
           ,
           and
           which
           were
           highly
           esteemed
           by
           her
           People
           too
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           her self
           ,
           for
           their
           virtue
           ;
           she
           chose
           the
           most
           learned
           and
           uprightest
           of
           the
           Councellors
           ,
           or
           Lawyers
           ,
           to
           be
           her
           Judges
           ,
           only
           Hatton
           excepted
           .
        
         
           She
           was
           an
           exact
           Observer
           of
           Justice
           ,
           
           which
           is
           the
           most
           resplendent
           of
           all
           the
           
           Moral
           Virtues
           ,
           and
           of
           veracity
           or
           constancy
           to
           her
           Word
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           foundation
           of
           Justice
           :
           She
           was
           extremely
           severe
           against
           all
           that
           broke
           her
           Laws
           ,
           
             and
             punished
             sometimes
             small
             Offences
             with
             great
             severity
             .
          
           Though
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           was
           a
           Person
           of
           great
           Fame
           ,
           her
           particular
           Favourite
           ,
           and
           had
           done
           her
           ,
           and
           the
           Nation
           ,
           good
           Services
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           best
           Soldier
           her
           times
           bred
           (
           which
           were
           well
           stored
           with
           excellent
           Military
           men
           )
           yet
           when
           by
           the
           fraud
           of
           his
           Enemies
           and
           Flatterers
           ,
           rather
           than
           his
           own
           Inclinations
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           far
           transported
           ,
           as
           to
           attempt
           to
           arm
           her
           Subjects
           against
           his
           envious
           Rivals
           ,
           who
           treacherously
           sought
           his
           ruine
           ;
           That
           which
           he
           expected
           would
           have
           turned
           to
           his
           advantage
           failing
           ,
           the
           Queen
           delivered
           him
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           common
           Executioner
           ,
           who
           mangled
           his
           Body
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           it
           enraged
           the
           people
           that
           saw
           it
           ,
           against
           the
           Hangman
           ,
           and
           they
           stoned
           and
           cursed
           him
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           drove
           him
           out
           of
           the
           City
           .
           Soon
           after
           God
           took
           a
           severe
           account
           of
           those
           that
           had
           been
           the
           Procurers
           of
           this
           Noble
           Person
           's
           death
           ;
           
             Cobham
             ,
             Gray
          
           and
           Rawleigh
           ,
           with
           their
           whole
           Families
           ,
           were
           ruined
           within
           
           the
           space
           of
           a
           few
           years
           ;
           Sir
           
             Robert
             Cecil
          
           ,
           the
           principal
           Agent
           in
           it
           ,
           lived
           longer
           ,
           but
           at
           last
           perished
           too
           by
           a
           long
           Disease
           ,
           attended
           with
           Ulcers
           ,
           and
           other
           painful
           and
           loathsome
           Circumstances
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Story
           goes
           ,
           under
           an
           Hedge
           in
           the
           open
           Fields
           as
           he
           was
           travelling
           on
           the
           Road.
           
        
         
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           ,
           a
           Welsh
           Gentleman
           
           of
           great
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           of
           much
           fame
           for
           his
           Military
           Exploits
           ,
           and
           his
           Integrity
           in
           the
           management
           of
           the
           Wars
           in
           Ireland
           ;
           was
           yet
           of
           something
           too
           fierce
           a
           temper
           ,
           which
           gave
           his
           Enemies
           too
           many
           opportunities
           to
           traduce
           and
           injure
           him
           .
           The
           
             Lord
             Chancellor
             Hatton
          
           was
           one
           of
           those
           who
           imployed
           Spies
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           they
           catching
           some
           Expressions
           that
           fell
           from
           him
           in
           a
           passion
           ,
           and
           much
           improving
           them
           to
           his
           disadvantage
           ,
           accused
           him
           to
           the
           Queen
           as
           one
           that
           was
           not
           well
           affected
           to
           Her
           Majesty
           ,
           and
           that
           had
           used
           some
           Expressions
           which
           tended
           to
           her
           dishonour
           ;
           for
           which
           ,
           and
           his
           over-stiff
           Contumacy
           ,
           he
           was
           put
           upon
           his
           Trial
           ,
           and
           being
           found
           guilty
           ,
           he
           was
           condemned
           ,
           and
           was
           imprisoned
           to
           the
           day
           of
           his
           death
           ;
           suffering
           want
           ,
           
           and
           nastiness
           of
           a
           common
           Goal
           and
           the
           uneasiness
           of
           an
           afflicted
           and
           delected
           mind
           .
           to
           see
           himself
           thus
           in
           his
           old
           Age
           abandon'd
           to
           the
           malice
           of
           his
           Enemies
           by
           his
           Mistress
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           served
           with
           much
           fidelity
           and
           courage
           in
           her
           Wars
           .
           His
           Estate
           also
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           received
           from
           his
           Ancestors
           ,
           which
           was
           considerable
           ,
           and
           what
           he
           had
           gained
           himself
           ,
           was
           all
           taken
           from
           him
           .
           The
           Lord
           
             Treasurer
             Burleigh
          
           was
           also
           suspected
           to
           have
           had
           a
           great
           share
           in
           the
           Contrivance
           of
           this
           Gentleman's
           Ruine
           .
        
         
           Her
           Severity
           ,
           which
           she
           exerted
           in
           
           punishing
           the
           Disorders
           and
           Offences
           of
           her
           Servants
           ,
           was
           so
           far
           from
           being
           invidious
           ,
           that
           it
           made
           her
           more
           popular
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           thought
           of
           by
           all
           good
           men
           .
           She
           had
           the
           utmost
           aversion
           for
           all
           contrived
           and
           malicious
           Murthers
           ;
           so
           that
           she
           thought
           such
           Miscreants
           could
           never
           be
           treated
           too
           ill
           ;
           and
           when
           she
           got
           them
           into
           her
           power
           ,
           she
           would
           rarely
           shew
           them
           any
           mercy
           .
           Of
           this
           I
           will
           only
           give
           two
           Instances
           of
           a
           multitude
           that
           happened
           in
           her
           times
           ,
           which
           will
           shorten
           my
           Work
           ,
           and
           serve
           to
           illustrate
           her
           Justice
           
           and
           Severity
           .
           There
           were
           two
           Brothers
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           Davers
           who
           were
           of
           the
           degree
           of
           Knights
           ,
           and
           men
           of
           good
           Estates
           and
           Reputations
           ,
           and
           they
           had
           a
           quarrel
           with
           another
           Gentleman
           of
           equal
           Birth
           and
           Estate
           ,
           whose
           name
           was
           Long
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           Valour
           too
           ;
           thereupon
           they
           resolved
           to
           murther
           him
           ;
           and
           taking
           the
           advantage
           as
           he
           was
           going
           to
           set
           down
           to
           Dinner
           ,
           they
           shot
           him
           in
           the
           breast
           .
           The
           Queen
           hearing
           of
           this
           Fact
           ,
           was
           strangely
           enraged
           at
           it
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           revenge
           the
           Villany
           to
           the
           utmost
           degree
           (
           as
           she
           ever
           detected
           all
           premeditated
           Assassinations
           )
           and
           she
           accordingly
           ordered
           the
           Law
           to
           pass
           against
           the
           two
           Daverses
           ,
           and
           cited
           them
           to
           appear
           before
           her
           Judges
           to
           answer
           for
           it
           .
           But
           the
           two
           Brothers
           made
           their
           escape
           ,
           and
           fled
           first
           into
           France
           ;
           there
           they
           heard
           of
           the
           Insurrections
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           into
           which
           Kingdom
           they
           passed
           ,
           and
           served
           the
           Queen
           against
           her
           Rebel-Subjects
           ,
           in
           hopes
           by
           some
           signal
           Acts
           of
           Valour
           to
           blot
           out
           their
           said
           Crime
           ,
           and
           regain
           her
           Favour
           ;
           And
           in
           truth
           they
           served
           her
           many
           years
           with
           extraordinary
           Fidelity
           and
           Courage
           against
           those
           Barbarous
           Rebels
           ;
           yet
           after
           all
           ,
           
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           could
           not
           obtain
           their
           Pardon
           without
           very
           great
           difficuly
           ,
           and
           many
           and
           repeated
           Solicitations
           .
           The
           Eldest
           of
           these
           two
           Brothers
           afterwards
           lost
           his
           Life
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           under
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           .
        
         
           In
           all
           private
           Suits
           she
           was
           observed
           
           to
           be
           a
           religious
           Observer
           of
           Justice
           and
           Equity
           ,
           and
           to
           keep
           the
           Ballance
           even
           between
           the
           greatest
           and
           the
           meanest
           of
           her
           Subjects
           :
           She
           preserved
           the
           poorest
           from
           wrongs
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           her
           care
           that
           every
           man
           might
           enjoy
           what
           was
           his
           own
           ,
           and
           serve
           the
           Publick
           with
           it
           ;
           by
           the
           impartiality
           of
           Justice
           ,
           and
           the
           equity
           of
           all
           Law-proceedings
           ,
           providing
           carefully
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           Human
           Society
           ,
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           whole
           Community
           .
           When
           any
           Case
           happened
           to
           be
           wrongfully
           determin'd
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           Perjury
           ,
           or
           Interest
           ,
           Partiality
           ,
           or
           mistake
           in
           any
           of
           her
           Courts
           ;
           she
           would
           upon
           complaint
           hear
           it
           her self
           ,
           taking
           to
           her
           assistance
           men
           of
           the
           greatest
           Authority
           ,
           and
           much
           celebrated
           for
           their
           exact
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Laws
           of
           England
           .
           And
           when
           she
           had
           thus
           sifted
           it
           to
           the
           
           bottom
           ,
           she
           would
           ever
           give
           a
           most
           just
           and
           wise
           Sentence
           ,
           by
           which
           she
           made
           her
           Judges
           the
           more
           careful
           to
           keep
           within
           the
           bounds
           of
           Equity
           and
           Justice
           ,
           and
           shewed
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           no
           part
           of
           her
           People
           should
           want
           the
           benign
           influence
           of
           her
           care
           and
           assistance
           in
           time
           of
           need
           .
           She
           always
           took
           care
           that
           her
           inferior
           Magistrates
           should
           be
           reverenced
           ,
           and
           the
           Authority
           of
           her
           Council
           and
           Laws
           kept
           up
           ?
           But
           then
           whatever
           had
           been
           injuriously
           transacted
           by
           Bribery
           ,
           or
           Error
           ,
           in
           any
           of
           her
           Courts
           ,
           she
           as
           willingly
           corrected
           ,
           that
           Errors
           might
           not
           encrease
           and
           multiply
           by
           her
           carelesness
           ,
           or
           the
           ignorance
           of
           her
           Judges
           ;
           and
           that
           Mistakes
           might
           not
           get
           strength
           by
           time
           ,
           and
           plead
           custom
           .
           She
           would
           sometimes
           also
           cause
           Cases
           to
           be
           heard
           by
           her
           other
           ordinary
           Judges
           after
           they
           had
           been
           determined
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           keep
           the
           ordinary
           Judges
           in
           awe
           ,
           and
           make
           them
           the
           more
           circumspect
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           liable
           to
           have
           their
           Actions
           scanned
           over
           again
           .
        
         
           In
           her
           Personal
           Expences
           
             she
             was
          
           
           
             ●…hrifty
             and
             sparing
          
           ;
           that
           she
           might
           not
           exhaust
           her
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           
           same
           time
           to
           teach
           her
           Subjects
           by
           her
           own
           Example
           to
           live
           thriftily
           ,
           and
           soberly
           ,
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           :
           In
           her
           Government
           ,
           and
           all
           her
           Publick
           Actions
           she
           carried
           all
           things
           in
           such
           manner
           as
           might
           best
           befit
           her
           Honour
           ,
           and
           represent
           her
           to
           the
           World
           as
           a
           great
           and
           a
           splendid
           Prince
           :
           Nor
           would
           she
           at
           any
           time
           make
           any
           considerable
           expence
           ,
           till
           she
           had
           first
           consulted
           with
           her
           
             Treasurer
             Burleigh
          
           concerning
           the
           state
           of
           her
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           what
           Monies
           she
           had
           to
           defray
           the
           same
           :
           It
           ws
           then
           thought
           his
           Advices
           to
           her
           made
           
             her
             more
             sparing
             than
             was
             fit
             toward
             the
             Sword-men
             and
             Commanders
             in
             the
             War
          
           ;
           It
           is
           certain
           however
           ,
           that
           she
           never
           called
           
             Grey
             ,
             Willoughby
             ,
             Norris
          
           ,
           or
           Sir
           
             Francis
             Vere
          
           to
           the
           Council-Table
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           excellent
           Commanders
           ,
           and
           had
           done
           her
           good
           service
           in
           
             Holland
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             France
          
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           by
           the
           gaining
           of
           many
           signal
           Victories
           ,
           and
           the
           spreading
           the
           Fame
           ,
           and
           exalting
           the
           Reputation
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           .
           When
           some
           of
           them
           had
           wasted
           the
           
           Estates
           left
           them
           by
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           complained
           to
           her
           of
           their
           Poverty
           ,
           beseeching
           her
           to
           give
           them
           wherewith
           
           to
           pay
           off
           the
           Debts
           they
           had
           contracted
           in
           her
           Service
           ,
           it
           is
           certain
           she
           never
           contributed
           any
           thing
           to
           that
           purpose
           from
           her
           Treasure
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           least
           assisted
           or
           favoured
           them
           in
           any
           thing
           .
           
             She
             sought
             rather
             to
             encourage
             and
             win
             her
             Generals
             and
             Nobility
             over
             to
             Acts
             of
             Valour
             by
             her
             Commendations
             ,
             than
             by
             the
             gift
             of
             Money
             ,
             Lands
             ,
             or
             Offices
             .
          
           In
           her
           conversation
           with
           them
           she
           would
           shew
           them
           much
           patience
           and
           affability
           ,
           and
           would
           frequently
           acknowledge
           how
           much
           they
           had
           obliged
           her
           by
           their
           Actions
           .
           But
           as
           to
           those
           that
           had
           lost
           their
           Lives
           in
           her
           Service
           ,
           or
           done
           any
           great
           Action
           for
           the
           Safety
           ,
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           Glory
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           she
           would
           often
           take
           occasion
           to
           speak
           of
           them
           with
           much
           affection
           and
           honour
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           best
           Reward
           they
           often
           met
           with
           for
           having
           served
           her
           with
           great
           Iudustry
           and
           Courage
           .
        
         
           When
           Sir
           
             Philip
             Sidney
          
           ,
           a
           Gentleman
           
           of
           noble
           Birth
           ,
           and
           honest
           Disposition
           ,
           of
           great
           Parts
           ,
           Learning
           ,
           Virtue
           and
           Fame
           ,
           had
           lost
           his
           life
           before
           Zutphen
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ,
           in
           the
           Year
           1586.
           he
           was
           not
           only
           lamented
           by
           the
           whole
           Army
           in
           the
           Camp
           ,
           and
           
           Elegies
           made
           to
           his
           Honour
           by
           the
           Universities
           of
           England
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           commended
           also
           by
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           the
           Queen
           commanded
           his
           Body
           to
           be
           publickly
           interred
           in
           St.
           Paul's
           Church
           in
           London
           ,
           which
           was
           performed
           with
           much
           solemnity
           ,
           and
           a
           vast
           concourse
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           Gentry
           ,
           and
           Citizens
           :
           And
           it
           was
           fit
           all
           this
           respect
           should
           be
           shewed
           to
           his
           Memory
           on
           the
           score
           of
           his
           Virtue
           ,
           Learning
           and
           Merits
           ,
           which
           have
           made
           him
           so
           famous
           in
           those
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           succeeding
           times
           .
           This
           is
           an
           Honour
           that
           is
           more
           lasting
           ,
           and
           more
           noble
           ,
           than
           any
           Statues
           ,
           or
           Funeral
           Monuments
           ,
           which
           are
           often
           destroyed
           by
           Fire
           ,
           Wars
           ,
           Earthquakes
           ,
           or
           Time
           ;
           and
           without
           any
           of
           these
           ,
           are
           sometimes
           lost
           to
           the
           knowledge
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           themselves
           buried
           in
           forgetfulness
           ;
           but
           his
           Books
           and
           Actions
           will
           make
           him
           admired
           in
           all
           times
           .
           The
           Magnificent
           Funeral
           of
           this
           Noble
           Knight
           was
           an
           honour
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Age
           ,
           and
           even
           to
           Learning
           it self
           .
           The
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           Unkle
           ,
           was
           chief
           Mourner
           at
           his
           Funeral
           ,
           and
           extoll'd
           the
           Virtue
           of
           his
           Nephew
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           in
           hopes
           the
           lustre
           of
           his
           Pupil's
           Name
           would
           reflect
           
           upon
           himself
           an
           equal
           commendation
           and
           glory
           ;
           but
           in
           truth
           Sir
           
             Philip
             Sidney
          
           was
           his
           own
           Tutor
           ,
           and
           gained
           all
           the
           glory
           he
           met
           with
           by
           his
           natural
           Endowments
           ,
           and
           his
           Studies
           ;
           and
           perhaps
           it
           was
           owing
           too
           in
           great
           part
           to
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Learning
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           which
           made
           those
           that
           enjoyed
           it
           then
           ,
           more
           conspicuous
           and
           regardable
           than
           they
           have
           been
           since
           ,
           when
           it
           became
           more
           common
           ;
           but
           then
           this
           latter
           neglect
           has
           made
           it
           less
           desired
           ,
           and
           less
           aspired
           to
           ,
           and
           almost
           wheeled
           us
           about
           to
           the
           same
           point
           of
           the
           Circle
           he
           was
           in
           .
        
         
           Nor
           was
           the
           Queen's
           Favours
           confined
           
           only
           to
           her
           
             Generals
             ,
             and
             Great
             Men
          
           ,
           but
           she
           would
           condescend
           to
           celebrate
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           
             meanest
             common
             Soldier
          
           that
           had
           had
           the
           honour
           to
           spend
           his
           life
           in
           the
           service
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           to
           excess
           .
           She
           redeemed
           out
           of
           Captivity
           those
           that
           were
           taken
           of
           the
           meaner
           People
           ;
           and
           she
           willingly
           gave
           to
           their
           Parents
           ,
           Wives
           and
           Children
           ,
           that
           Money
           ,
           and
           those
           Rewards
           they
           might
           justly
           have
           expected
           from
           her
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           lived
           .
           So
           that
           she
           kindled
           in
           the
           minds
           of
           all
           her
           Subjects
           by
           her
           
           bounty
           ,
           kindness
           and
           beneficence
           ,
           an
           ardent
           desire
           of
           Military
           Virtue
           ,
           
             and
             in
             this
             she
             exceeded
             the
             most
             of
             her
             Predecessors
             .
             Burleigh
             ,
          
           though
           a
           man
           of
           great
           virtue
           and
           honour
           ,
           too
           stubbornly
           prosecuted
           the
           Cause
           of
           the
           Exchequer
           against
           the
           Commanders
           of
           those
           times
           ,
           and
           kept
           the
           Queen
           from
           shewing
           them
           that
           Favour
           ,
           and
           from
           giving
           them
           those
           Rewards
           they
           had
           by
           their
           Virtue
           and
           Industry
           so
           well
           deserved
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           he
           alienated
           from
           the
           Queen
           the
           
           hearts
           of
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           who
           were
           men
           of
           great
           knowledge
           ,
           valour
           ,
           industry
           and
           fidelity
           ,
           and
           had
           ,
           with
           the
           hazard
           of
           their
           Lives
           and
           Limbs
           ,
           procured
           hers
           ,
           and
           the
           Nation
           's
           safety
           ;
           and
           after
           all
           ,
           in
           their
           old
           ,
           Age
           were
           left
           in
           poverty
           to
           struggle
           with
           the
           Debts
           and
           Diseases
           they
           had
           contracted
           in
           her
           Service
           .
           To
           this
           man's
           sordid
           and
           sparing
           Humour
           was
           owing
           the
           failing
           of
           all
           Military
           Virtue
           in
           the
           following
           Reigns
           ,
           when
           men
           saw
           how
           rich
           he
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           States
           men
           ,
           could
           leave
           their
           Families
           and
           Descendents
           ;
           whilst
           those
           of
           the
           greatest
           Generals
           and
           Commanders
           in
           the
           Wars
           ,
           were
           forced
           to
           be
           satisfied
           with
           the
           gilded
           glory
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           but
           ought
           in
           
           Reason
           and
           Justice
           to
           have
           been
           at
           least
           equally
           rewarded
           ,
           and
           I
           may
           say
           ,
           in
           point
           of
           Interest
           too
           .
        
         
           Yet
           she
           was
           not
           over-liberal
           to
           the
           Gown-men
           and
           States-men
           in
           general
           ,
           nor
           did
           she
           take
           any
           extraordinary
           care
           of
           them
           or
           theirs
           .
           She
           had
           learned
           this
           Lesson
           of
           her
           Grandfather
           Henry
           the
           VIIth
           .
           
             Not
             to
             exhaust
             in
             any
             case
             the
             Fountain
             of
             her
             Bounty
             ,
          
           I
           mean
           the
           Exchequer
           ;
           which
           was
           again
           to
           be
           recruited
           by
           the
           Spoils
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           unusual
           Taxes
           .
           That
           Prince
           by
           his
           
           Virtue
           ,
           Labour
           ,
           Solicitude
           ,
           Thrifti
           ness
           ,
           and
           Provident
           Administration
           ,
           had
           re-established
           and
           improved
           the
           English
           Monarchy
           ,
           and
           the
           Revenues
           of
           the
           Crown
           ;
           and
           was
           for
           it
           much
           esteemed
           by
           the
           People
           of
           England
           of
           all
           degrees
           ;
           his
           Covetous
           Humour
           having
           been
           more
           beneficial
           to
           the
           Crown
           ,
           than
           damageable
           to
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           because
           he
           gave
           few
           or
           none
           of
           the
           Crown-Lands
           to
           his
           Followers
           or
           Servants
           ,
           except
           when
           they
           were
           extorted
           from
           him
           by
           mere
           importunity
           ,
           or
           he
           was
           cheated
           with
           the
           pretence
           of
           an
           advantageous
           exchange
           ;
           but
           then
           he
           was
           also
           wont
           to
           
           give
           more
           freely
           the
           Estates
           of
           Convicted
           Criminals
           ;
           so
           that
           there
           are
           many
           Examples
           in
           the
           Rolls
           of
           his
           Times
           ,
           of
           men
           that
           rose
           by
           the
           Falls
           ,
           and
           grew
           rich
           by
           the
           Calamities
           and
           Ruins
           of
           others
           .
           The
           small
           Gifts
           ,
           and
           inconsiderable
           Largesses
           this
           Prince
           gave
           when
           he
           was
           possessed
           of
           so
           much
           Wealth
           ,
           was
           a
           means
           that
           preserved
           England
           from
           Ruin
           ,
           after
           it
           had
           been
           so
           terribly
           exhausted
           by
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           between
           the
           Houses
           of
           York
           and
           Lancaster
           .
        
         
           The
           Earl
           of
           Oxford
           was
           one
           of
           the
           
           most
           Ancient
           Houses
           amongst
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           excessive
           Bounty
           and
           Splendor
           of
           the
           former
           Earl
           was
           reduced
           to
           a
           very
           low
           and
           mean
           condition
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Family
           was
           no
           longer
           able
           to
           maintain
           its
           Dignity
           and
           Grandeur
           :
           And
           the
           Queen
           allowed
           that
           House
           One
           thousand
           Pound
           the
           year
           out
           of
           her
           Exchequer
           ,
           that
           one
           of
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           Houses
           in
           her
           Kingdom
           might
           not
           suffer
           that
           Want
           which
           was
           intolerable
           to
           those
           of
           meaner
           Extraction
           .
           She
           also
           upheld
           Sir
           
             Edward
             Dyer
          
           ,
           an
           old
           Courtier
           ,
           who
           was
           become
           very
           poor
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           suffer
           him
           to
           want
           .
           
           But
           as
           for
           those
           Spendthrifts
           and
           Wasters
           that
           had
           foolishly
           wasted
           their
           Patrimonies
           in
           Luxury
           and
           base
           Expences
           ,
           to
           gratifie
           their
           Intemperance
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           solicited
           her
           to
           bestow
           Pensions
           on
           them
           ,
           she
           sent
           some
           of
           them
           to
           her
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           who
           rejected
           their
           Petitions
           ,
           and
           gave
           those
           Reasons
           for
           it
           which
           the
           Queen
           was
           not
           willing
           to
           give
           her self
           ;
           and
           others
           who
           sought
           
           by
           way
           of
           Reward
           what
           they
           had
           never
           deserved
           ,
           she
           neglected
           :
           That
           her
           Bounty
           might
           not
           encourage
           others
           to
           Luxury
           and
           imprudent
           Expences
           ,
           whilst
           they
           relied
           upon
           the
           Crown
           for
           the
           Repair
           of
           what
           they
           had
           wastfully
           consumed
           .
        
         
           She
           for
           some
           time
           entertained
           ,
           and
           
           out
           of
           her
           Treasury
           supported
           †
           
             An
             thony
          
           King
           of
           Portugal
           ,
           who
           was
           deprived
           of
           his
           Dominions
           by
           the
           Iniquity
           of
           Philip
           the
           IId
           .
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           and
           fled
           to
           her
           with
           a
           few
           Servants
           for
           her
           Protection
           and
           Assistance
           .
           She
           severely
           punished
           Sir
           
             Richard
             Bingham
          
           ,
           President
           of
           Connaught
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           tho
           he
           were
           an
           excellent
           Soldier
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           found
           guilty
           of
           a
           sordid
           and
           injurious
           Covetousness
           .
           She
           entertained
           
           all
           Strangers
           that
           came
           to
           her
           Court
           ,
           with
           great
           Pleasantness
           ,
           Munificence
           ,
           and
           Decency
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           went
           from
           her
           ,
           she
           gave
           them
           Princely
           Presents
           .
        
         
           
             Ursino
             Duke
             de
             Bracciano
          
           in
           Italy
           ,
           
           hearing
           of
           the
           Fame
           of
           this
           Queen
           ,
           came
           over
           into
           England
           to
           see
           her
           ;
           and
           he
           being
           a
           person
           of
           great
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           descended
           of
           one
           of
           the
           best
           Families
           in
           Italy
           ,
           the
           Queen
           gave
           him
           a
           splendid
           Reception
           ,
           and
           gave
           order
           he
           should
           be
           shewn
           her
           Fleets
           ,
           her
           Stores
           ,
           and
           Magazines
           ,
           her
           Veterane
           Soldiers
           and
           Garisons
           ,
           her
           Treasures
           and
           Wardrobes
           ,
           her
           Retinue
           and
           Princely
           Palaces
           ,
           and
           extorted
           from
           him
           a
           Confession
           ,
           That
           there
           was
           no
           where
           in
           the
           world
           a
           more
           Potent
           and
           Happy
           Prince
           than
           she
           .
           She
           entertained
           several
           of
           the
           best
           and
           greatest
           Noblemen
           of
           
             Italy
             ,
             France
             ,
             Germany
          
           ,
           and
           Poland
           ;
           who
           all
           said
           of
           her
           ,
           
             That
             they
             never
             saw
             a
             more
             Magnificent
             ,
             Honourable
             ,
             Loving
             ,
             Courteous
             Prince
             than
             Queen
          
           Elizabeth
           ;
           
             and
             that
             her
             Virtue
             and
             Prudence
             was
             great
             and
             admirable
             ,
             above
             all
             the
             Examples
             they
             had
             ever
             seen
             ,
             read
             ,
             or
             heard
             .
          
           In
           truth
           ,
           she
           was
           Mistress
           
           of
           all
           the
           Virtues
           that
           belonged
           to
           both
           Sexes
           ,
           and
           had
           none
           of
           the
           Faults
           belonging
           to
           her
           own
           ,
           but
           a
           little
           
             Unsteadiness
             in
             her
             Will.
          
           
        
         
           Knighthood
           in
           her
           Times
           was
           rarely
           
           given
           ,
           and
           to
           none
           but
           men
           of
           Virtue
           and
           real
           .
           Worth
           ,
           Soldiers
           ,
           and
           Gentlemen
           of
           good
           Families
           and
           Estates
           ;
           so
           that
           she
           scarce
           ever
           admitted
           any
           man
           into
           that
           degree
           ,
           of
           a
           mean
           Fortune
           or
           Extraction
           ,
           as
           was
           too
           frequently
           done
           in
           after
           times
           .
           There
           were
           not
           many
           Enobled
           ,
           or
           raised
           from
           the
           lower
           degrees
           of
           Peerage
           to
           higher
           ,
           as
           Clinton
           and
           Howard
           ,
           her
           Admirals
           at
           Sea
           ,
           
             Lei
             cester
          
           and
           Warwick
           .
           She
           made
           few
           Barons
           ,
           and
           amongst
           them
           ,
           Burleigh
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           served
           her
           many
           years
           with
           admirable
           Prudence
           ,
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           Industry
           ,
           in
           many
           of
           the
           principal
           Offices
           at
           Court.
           This
           lowest
           degree
           of
           
           Peerage
           was
           sparingly
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           Care
           and
           Consideration
           ,
           bestowed
           upon
           Worthy
           Men
           ,
           as
           a
           Reward
           of
           some
           signal
           Services
           ,
           and
           an
           Encouragement
           to
           others
           ,
           and
           not
           out
           of
           a
           Personal
           Affection
           or
           Respect
           .
           It
           was
           not
           then
           sold
           by
           men
           that
           had
           easily
           obtained
           the
           Grant
           of
           a
           Blank
           Patent
           ,
           instead
           
           of
           ready
           Money
           ;
           and
           took
           no
           other
           care
           ,
           but
           who
           should
           give
           most
           for
           the
           Mercenary
           Creation
           ;
           which
           could
           only
           dishonour
           the
           person
           that
           gave
           it
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           he
           that
           bought
           it
           .
           In
           her
           time
           none
           but
           the
           most
           Worthy
           ,
           the
           most
           Valiant
           ,
           the
           most
           Faithful
           to
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           Loyal
           to
           his
           Prince
           ,
           could
           hope
           to
           obtain
           this
           Favour
           ,
           and
           raise
           his
           Name
           and
           Family
           .
           Thus
           she
           charily
           and
           prudently
           kept
           the
           Rewards
           of
           Virtue
           and
           Industry
           ,
           never
           granting
           them
           upon
           Caprice
           ,
           to
           shew
           her
           Absolute
           Power
           ,
           upon
           the
           Intercession
           of
           Favourites
           ,
           or
           the
           Letters
           of
           Great
           men
           ,
           to
           those
           that
           were
           mean
           ,
           and
           neither
           deserved
           nor
           could
           maintain
           the
           Grandeur
           of
           that
           Noble
           Title
           .
        
         
           She
           set
           a
           high
           Value
           upon
           the
           most
           Noble
           
             Order
             of
             the
             Garter
          
           ,
           and
           took
           
           the
           utmost
           care
           to
           keep
           it
           as
           the
           sincerest
           Reward
           of
           an
           extraordinary
           Fidelity
           ,
           Industry
           ,
           and
           Nobility
           ;
           and
           therefore
           she
           would
           never
           suffer
           it
           to
           be
           in
           the
           least
           corrupted
           by
           any
           mixture
           of
           mean
           persons
           .
           Tho
           the
           Lord
           Burleigh
           was
           her
           Principal
           Councellor
           ,
           and
           the
           First
           Mover
           in
           all
           her
           greater
           Affairs
           ,
           without
           whose
           advice
           she
           would
           rarely
           resolve
           upon
           any
           thing
           of
           moment
           ,
           
           and
           he
           had
           deserved
           so
           very
           well
           of
           her
           by
           his
           unparallel'd
           Care
           ,
           Labour
           ,
           and
           Vigilance
           ;
           yet
           because
           he
           was
           but
           a
           Gentleman
           born
           ,
           and
           a
           Peer
           of
           her
           own
           Creation
           only
           ,
           it
           was
           very
           long
           before
           she
           could
           persuade
           her self
           to
           take
           him
           into
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           Garter
           ,
           which
           has
           flourished
           now
           Three
           hundred
           years
           and
           more
           ,
           and
           has
           in
           all
           times
           been
           given
           to
           the
           Greatest
           and
           Best
           of
           the
           Nobility
           at
           Home
           ,
           for
           the
           best
           Services
           they
           could
           do
           for
           their
           Princes
           and
           Countrey
           ;
           or
           to
           Foreign
           Princes
           Abroad
           ,
           who
           were
           united
           to
           us
           by
           the
           most
           strict
           and
           indearing
           Bonds
           of
           Friendship
           and
           Interest
           .
        
         
           She
           gave
           Governments
           ,
           Magistracies
           ,
           Court-Offices
           ,
           and
           other
           Places
           of
           Trust
           ,
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           Profit
           ,
           to
           those
           
           that
           deserved
           well
           of
           her
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           example
           of
           these
           Rewards
           she
           might
           provoke
           others
           to
           imitate
           their
           Fidelity
           and
           Industry
           .
           She
           would
           never
           endure
           that
           any
           man
           she
           employed
           should
           raise
           to
           himself
           an
           odious
           or
           oppressive
           Gain
           ,
           either
           from
           the
           Power
           or
           Office
           she
           had
           given
           him
           .
           If
           she
           observed
           a
           man
           to
           do
           nothing
           but
           for
           Money
           ,
           she
           would
           never
           trust
           him
           ;
           and
           as
           for
           any
           Offices
           or
           Governments
           ,
           she
           took
           care
           
           to
           keep
           them
           as
           much
           as
           was
           possible
           out
           of
           such
           men's
           hands
           .
           Yet
           she
           was
           not
           too
           hard
           to
           ,
           or
           suspicious
           of
           her
           Servants
           ;
           she
           extended
           her
           Favour
           to
           all
           those
           she
           found
           good
           men
           ,
           and
           her
           Friendship
           and
           Kindness
           was
           lasting
           to
           all
           those
           she
           found
           honest
           ,
           thrifty
           ,
           sober
           men
           ;
           but
           then
           in
           Law-Suits
           she
           would
           not
           suffer
           any
           the
           least
           distinction
           to
           be
           made
           between
           her
           Servants
           and
           Favourites
           ,
           and
           the
           rest
           of
           her
           Subjects
           ,
           lest
           they
           being
           exalted
           by
           it
           above
           measure
           ,
           should
           any
           way
           endanger
           the
           common
           Liberty
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           or
           the
           Publick
           Peace
           and
           Safety
           .
           She
           raised
           Sadler
           from
           nothing
           ;
           Mildmay
           and
           Fortescue
           from
           mean
           Fortunes
           to
           the
           Honour
           of
           Knighthood
           ,
           and
           made
           them
           
             Privy
             Councellors
          
           for
           their
           good
           Services
           ;
           and
           lest
           that
           Dignity
           should
           suffer
           by
           the
           meanness
           of
           their
           Estates
           ,
           she
           gave
           them
           a
           Competency
           by
           way
           of
           Addition
           to
           what
           they
           had
           before
           .
           She
           would
           always
           remember
           to
           Reward
           those
           well
           that
           had
           served
           her
           faithfully
           as
           her
           Ambassadors
           in
           Foreign
           Courts
           :
           And
           she
           raised
           many
           of
           her
           servants
           for
           their
           Fidelity
           ,
           and
           protected
           others
           of
           them
           from
           the
           Violence
           of
           Great
           Men
           :
           She
           protected
           
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Knevet
          
           from
           the
           Violence
           of
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Oxford
          
           ,
           who
           to
           revenge
           a
           Wound
           he
           had
           received
           from
           Sir
           Thomas
           in
           a
           Duel
           ,
           was
           mustering
           up
           all
           his
           Friends
           and
           Servants
           to
           destroy
           him
           ;
           which
           the
           Queen
           prevented
           ,
           by
           giving
           him
           a
           Guard
           for
           some
           time
           .
        
         
           She
           so
           effectually
           recommended
           the
           
           Cause
           of
           her
           Bishops
           to
           her
           people
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           attacked
           by
           the
           Clamours
           and
           Reproaches
           of
           the
           Puritans
           ,
           that
           nothing
           was
           more
           dear
           to
           the
           Multitude
           than
           their
           Bishops
           ,
           and
           no
           Name
           was
           more
           Popular
           or
           beloved
           than
           theirs
           ,
           so
           that
           all
           men
           stood
           up
           for
           their
           Dignity
           and
           Authority
           .
           She
           curbed
           the
           Boldness
           ,
           Rage
           ,
           and
           Fury
           ,
           of
           these
           Pretenders
           to
           Godliness
           ,
           by
           Laws
           well
           and
           severely
           executed
           ;
           and
           she
           made
           it
           her
           business
           to
           preserve
           the
           Church
           to
           the
           utmost
           of
           her
           Power
           ,
           as
           well
           from
           the
           Disturbance
           of
           Seditious
           Preachers
           within
           ,
           as
           the
           Insults
           of
           Declared
           Enemies
           without
           .
           Her
           Motto
           was
           ,
           
             Semper
             eadem
             ,
             Always
             the
             same
          
           ;
           and
           in
           this
           affair
           she
           took
           the
           greatest
           care
           to
           verify
           it
           ,
           never
           departing
           one
           tittle
           from
           what
           she
           had
           once
           setled
           ,
           or
           changing
           the
           Methods
           she
           had
           established
           ,
           but
           upon
           great
           reason
           .
        
         
         
           She
           had
           a
           very
           great
           Love
           for
           Sir
           
           
             Francis
             Walsingham
             ,
             Secretary
             of
             State
             ,
          
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Pillars
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           so
           intent
           upon
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           Publick
           Safety
           ,
           and
           the
           Discovery
           of
           the
           Designs
           of
           her
           Enemies
           against
           her
           Person
           and
           Government
           ,
           that
           he
           took
           little
           care
           of
           his
           own
           private
           Family
           ,
           and
           made
           no
           provision
           for
           those
           he
           left
           behind
           him
           :
           But
           then
           it
           was
           hardly
           well
           taken
           by
           the
           body
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           to
           see
           the
           most
           part
           of
           his
           Inheritance
           sold
           after
           his
           death
           to
           repay
           those
           Moneys
           to
           the
           Treasury
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           spent
           in
           the
           Queen's
           Service
           :
           The
           Envy
           of
           which
           ,
           however
           ,
           fell
           heaviest
           upon
           the
           Treasurer
           and
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
          
           ,
           who
           were
           none
           of
           his
           Friends
           whilst
           he
           lived
           ,
           and
           took
           this
           opportunity
           to
           revenge
           the
           Affronts
           they
           had
           received
           from
           him
           .
           She
           
           had
           also
           a
           particular
           favour
           for
           Sir
           
             Nicholas
             Bacon
          
           ,
           the
           
             Lord
             Keeper
          
           of
           the
           Great
           Seal
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Ornament
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Luminary
           of
           Westminster-Hall
           .
           She
           highly
           esteemed
           Egerton
           and
           Popham
           :
           But
           above
           all
           her
           other
           Councellors
           and
           Ministers
           of
           State
           ,
           she
           valued
           Burleigh
           the
           Lord
           Treasurer
           ,
           and
           Howard
           the
           Lord
           Admiral
           
           of
           England
           ,
           the
           Ornament
           of
           his
           own
           Family
           ,
           and
           a
           strange
           Example
           of
           Modesty
           ,
           Civility
           ,
           and
           Liberality
           .
           These
           men
           enjoyed
           her
           Favour
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           and
           were
           ever
           of
           great
           Authority
           with
           her
           .
        
         
           She
           loved
           a
           Prudent
           and
           Moderate
           
           Habit
           in
           her
           private
           Apartment
           and
           conversation
           with
           her
           ownServants
           ;
           but
           when
           she
           appeared
           in
           Publick
           ,
           she
           was
           ever
           richly
           adorn'dwith
           the
           most
           valuable
           cloaths
           ,
           set
           off
           again
           with
           much
           gold
           ,
           and
           Jewels
           of
           inestimable
           Value
           ;
           and
           on
           such
           occasions
           she
           ever
           wore
           High
           Shooes
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           seem
           Taller
           than
           indeed
           she
           was
           .
           The
           first
           day
           of
           the
           Parliament
           she
           would
           appear
           in
           a
           Robe
           Embroidered
           with
           Pearls
           ,
           the
           Royal
           Crown
           upon
           her
           Head
           ,
           the
           Golden
           Ball
           in
           her
           Left-hand
           ,
           and
           the
           Scepter
           in
           her
           Right
           ;
           and
           as
           she
           never
           failed
           then
           of
           the
           loud
           Acclamations
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           so
           she
           was
           ever
           pleased
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           went
           to
           the
           House
           in
           a
           kind
           of
           Triumph
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Ensigns
           of
           Majesty
           .
           There
           was
           at
           such
           times
           so
           great
           a
           Concourse
           of
           the
           People
           to
           see
           and
           salute
           the
           Queen
           ,
           that
           many
           were
           trodden
           down
           ,
           and
           some
           have
           been
           lamed
           .
           
             The
             Royal
             Name
          
           
           
             was
             ever
             venerable●…
             to
             the
          
           English
           
             Nation
             ;
             but
             this
             Quee●…
             was
             more
             sacred
             than
             any
             of
             her
             Ancestors
             .
          
           She
           alone
           was
           able
           to
           furnish
           her
           whole
           Sex
           with
           the
           Examples
           of
           Chastity
           ,
           Temperance
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Vertues
           :
           And
           she
           was
           very
           vigilant
           to
           keep
           her
           Family
           and
           Court
           in
           severe
           Discipline
           .
           She
           persuaded
           all
           Married
           Women
           to
           pay
           a
           modest
           Respect
           to
           their
           Husbands
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           Superiors
           .
           She
           kept
           a
           severer
           Guard
           upon
           her
           own
           desires
           ,
           than
           upon
           those
           of
           others
           that
           were
           about
           her
           ;
           so
           that
           by
           degrees
           she
           made
           them
           seem
           at
           least
           like
           her self
           ,
           because
           she
           ever
           laboured
           so
           to
           have
           them
           .
           
             She
             banished
             from
             her
             Court
             all
             Drunkenness
             ,
             Filthiness
             ,
             Immodesty
             ,
             and
             the
             very
             fame
             and
             saspicion
             of
             Wantonness
             .
             Whoredoms
             ,
             Rapes
             ,
             Adulteries
             ,
             and
             Incests
             ,
             were
             Crimes
             she
             detested
          
           ;
           and
           if
           she
           found
           any
           of
           her
           Retinue
           ,
           how
           great
           soever
           they
           were
           ,
           guilty
           of
           them
           ,
           they
           must
           never
           more
           come
           before
           her
           .
           She
           banished
           Burgess
           ,
           one
           of
           her
           Maids
           of
           Honour
           ,
           because
           she
           had
           entred
           into
           an
           Intriegue
           with
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Essex
          
           ,
           who
           loved
           her
           very
           passionately
           ;
           because
           the
           Queen
           suspected
           she
           had
           had
           an
           hand
           in
           his
           Ruin
           :
           And
           the
           Lady
           
           Fitton
           ,
           another
           of
           these
           Maids
           ,
           was
           sent
           away
           too
           ,
           for
           yielding
           to
           the
           Inticements
           of
           a
           young
           Gentleman
           of
           Noble
           Birth
           .
           The
           Noblemen
           found
           no
           more
           favour
           than
           the
           Ladies
           ,
           if
           once
           they
           were
           found
           guilty
           in
           the
           same
           kind
           .
           She
           sent
           the
           
             Earl
             of
             Oxford
          
           to
           the
           Tower
           ,
           for
           attempting
           to
           Ravish
           one
           of
           her
           Maids
           of
           Honour
           ,
           that
           was
           a
           Tall
           and
           Lovely
           Lady
           .
           If
           she
           knew
           any
           of
           her
           Nobility
           given
           to
           frequent
           Houses
           of
           ill
           fame
           ,
           she
           treated
           them
           with
           as
           little
           Respect
           as
           she
           did
           meaner
           men
           .
           To
           conclude
           ,
           she
           shewed
           her self
           the
           Irreconcilable
           Enemy
           of
           all
           that
           had
           been
           found
           guilty
           of
           any
           base
           or
           immodest
           and
           unchaste
           Action
           .
           She
           would
           frequently
           admonish
           her
           Servants
           and
           Attendants
           ,
           
             That
             they
             should
             take
             heed
             not
             to
             do
             any
             thing
             that
             might
             be
             dishonourable
             to
             her
             ,
             destructive
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             of
             ill
             Example
             to
             the
             Publick
             .
             That
             they
             should
             take
             care
             not
             to
             bring
             an
             Ill
             Report
             upon
             the
             Chaste
             ,
             a
             Blot
             upon
             the
             Upright
             ,
             or
             an
             Infamy
             and
             Dishonour
             upon
             the
             Good.
             
          
        
         
           In
           the
           Furniture
           of
           her
           Royal
           Palaces
           
           she
           ever
           affected
           Magnificence
           ,
           and
           an
           extraordinary
           Splendor
           ;
           she
           adorned
           
           the
           Galeties
           with
           excellent
           Pictures
           ,
           done
           by
           the
           best
           Artists
           ;
           the
           Walls
           she
           covered
           with
           Rich
           Tapistries
           :
           She
           was
           a
           true
           Lover
           of
           Jewels
           and
           Pearls
           ,
           all
           sorts
           of
           Precious
           Stones
           ,
           Plate
           ,
           plain
           ,
           Bossed
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           and
           Gilt
           ;
           Rich
           Beds
           ,
           Fine
           Coaches
           and
           Chariots
           ,
           Persian
           and
           Indian
           Carpets
           ,
           Statues
           ,
           Medals
           ,
           &c.
           which
           she
           would
           purchase
           at
           great
           Prices
           .
           The
           Specimen
           of
           her
           Rich
           Furniture
           was
           to
           be
           seen
           a
           long
           time
           after
           her
           Death
           ,
           at
           
             Hampton
             Court
          
           ,
           which
           was
           Moveabled
           ,
           above
           any
           of
           the
           other
           Royal
           Houses
           in
           her
           Times
           ;
           and
           here
           she
           had
           caused
           her
           Naval
           Victories
           obtained
           against
           the
           Spaniards
           ,
           to
           be
           represented
           in
           excellent
           Tapistries
           ,
           and
           laid
           up
           amongst
           the
           Richest
           Pieces
           of
           her
           Wardrobe
           .
           These
           things
           did
           not
           only
           please
           the
           eyes
           of
           the
           Spectators
           ,
           and
           renew
           the
           Memory
           of
           the
           great
           things
           atchieved
           in
           her
           Times
           ,
           but
           they
           helped
           to
           raise
           in
           the
           minds
           of
           her
           Subjects
           and
           of
           Strangers
           too
           ,
           a
           Venerable
           Idea
           of
           the
           Majesty
           ,
           Wisdom
           ,
           Riches
           ,
           and
           Power
           of
           this
           Heroick
           Lady
           .
        
         
           In
           her
           Meat
           ,
           Drink
           ,
           and
           other
           Nourishments
           
           and
           Refreshments
           ,
           she
           was
           very
           Temperate
           ,
           in
           private
           especially
           .
           
           She
           was
           not
           subject
           to
           the
           love
           of
           Sleep
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           the
           other
           Pleasures
           of
           Human
           Life
           .
           She
           eat
           very
           little
           ,
           but
           then
           she
           chose
           what
           was
           pleasant
           ,
           and
           easie
           of
           digestion
           ;
           and
           in
           her
           declining
           Age
           she
           became
           more
           Temperate
           than
           before
           ;
           but
           then
           she
           eat
           whensoever
           she
           was
           hungry
           :
           She
           seldom
           drank
           above
           Three
           times
           at
           a
           Meal
           ,
           and
           that
           was
           common
           Beer
           ,
           and
           she
           very
           rarely
           drank
           again
           till
           Supper
           .
           She
           would
           seldom
           drink
           any
           Wine
           ,
           for
           fear
           it
           should
           cloud
           her
           Faculties
           :
           She
           loved
           
           Alicant
           Wine
           above
           any
           other
           .
           
             She
             always
             Religiously
             observed
             the
             Fasting-Days
             .
          
           When
           she
           made
           any
           Publick
           Feast
           or
           Dinners
           for
           her
           Honour
           or
           her
           Pleasure
           ,
           she
           would
           then
           order
           her
           Table
           to
           be
           served
           with
           all
           the
           Magnificence
           that
           was
           possible
           ;
           and
           many
           Side-Tables
           to
           be
           adorned
           with
           all
           sorts
           of
           Plate
           .
           She
           had
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           which
           waited
           upon
           her
           at
           the
           Table
           at
           those
           times
           ,
           and
           served
           her
           with
           great
           Care
           and
           Attention
           .
           In
           these
           things
           she
           took
           the
           greatest
           Pride
           to
           shew
           her
           Royal
           Treasures
           ,
           and
           made
           her
           greatest
           Feasts
           when
           Foreign
           Ambassadors
           were
           present
           ,
           who
           were
           highly
           ,
           pleased
           with
           these
           Shews
           .
           At
           these
           
           times
           she
           would
           also
           have
           all
           sorts
           of
           Musick
           ,
           Vocal
           and
           Instrumental
           ;
           and
           after
           Dinner
           ,
           Dancing
           ;
           and
           she
           took
           care
           thus
           to
           entertain
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           Persons
           of
           other
           Nations
           ,
           that
           came
           into
           England
           .
           Nor
           was
           she
           less
           careful
           that
           her
           great
           Ministers
           of
           State
           should
           keep
           up
           the
           Tables
           she
           allowed
           them
           ;
           and
           she
           would
           order
           her
           Nobility
           to
           keep
           good
           Hospitable
           Houses
           according
           to
           their
           Qualities
           and
           Degrees
           .
           All
           which
           tended
           more
           to
           her
           Honour
           ,
           and
           the
           Reputation
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           than
           the
           Courses
           were
           afterwards
           taken
           up
           with
           a
           greater
           Expence
           .
        
         
           The
           Splendor
           and
           Magnificence
           of
           
           the
           Publick
           Feasts
           in
           her
           times
           ,
           and
           the
           Ceremonies
           that
           were
           used
           when
           the
           several
           Courses
           were
           serv'd
           up
           to
           the
           Table
           ,
           would
           be
           troublesome
           to
           relate
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           a
           little
           ridiculous
           ,
           now
           they
           are
           antiquated
           .
           The
           Cup-bearer
           never
           presented
           the
           Cup
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           but
           with
           much
           ceremony
           ,
           and
           kneeled
           always
           when
           he
           gave
           ,
           or
           took
           it
           ;
           and
           during
           the
           whole
           Refreshment
           ,
           Musick
           and
           Songs
           were
           heard
           ,
           and
           the
           Queen
           her self
           would
           frequently
           dance
           to
           humour
           the
           younger
           Persons
           in
           her
           Court
           ;
           for
           all
           these
           Solemnities
           were
           in
           her
           
           Royal
           Palace
           ,
           and
           were
           designed
           to
           adorn
           and
           sweeten
           her
           Government
           .
           The
           coming
           of
           the
           Duke
           of
           Alenzon
           into
           England
           ,
           opened
           a
           way
           to
           a
           more
           free
           way
           of
           living
           ,
           and
           relaxed
           very
           much
           the
           old
           severe
           form
           of
           Discipline
           :
           The
           Queen
           danced
           often
           then
           ,
           and
           omitted
           no
           sort
           of
           Recreation
           ,
           pleasant
           Conversation
           ,
           or
           variety
           of
           Delights
           for
           his
           satisfaction
           :
           At
           the
           same
           time
           the
           plenty
           of
           good
           Dishes
           ,
           pleasant
           Wines
           ,
           fragrant
           Ointments
           and
           Perfumes
           ,
           Dances
           ,
           Masques
           ,
           and
           variety
           of
           rich
           Attires
           ,
           were
           all
           taken
           up
           ,
           and
           used
           ,
           to
           shew
           him
           how
           much
           he
           was
           honoured
           .
           There
           were
           then
           acted
           Comedies
           and
           Tragedies
           with
           much
           cost
           and
           splendor
           ;
           
             From
             whence
             proceeded
             in
             after-times
             an
             unrestrainable
             desire
             of
             frequenting
             these
             Divertisements
             ;
             so
             that
             there
             was
             afterwards
             a
             greater
             concourse
             at
             the
             Theatre
             ,
             than
             at
             the
             Sermon
             .
          
           When
           these
           things
           had
           once
           been
           entertained
           ,
           the
           Courtiers
           were
           never
           more
           to
           be
           reclaimed
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           they
           could
           not
           be
           satiated
           ,
           or
           wearied
           with
           them
           .
           But
           when
           Alenzon
           was
           once
           dismissed
           ,
           and
           gone
           ,
           the
           Queen
           her self
           left
           off
           these
           Divertisements
           ,
           and
           betook
           her self
           ,
           as
           before
           ,
           
           to
           the
           care
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           :
           And
           by
           her
           own
           Example
           and
           severe
           Corrections
           ,
           she
           as
           heartily
           endeavoured
           to
           reduce
           her
           Nobility
           to
           their
           old
           severe
           way
           of
           living
           ,
           and
           the
           former
           provident
           way
           of
           cloathing
           .
        
         
           In
           her
           private
           way
           of
           living
           she
           always
           
           preferr'd
           her
           necessary
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           the
           dispatch
           of
           what
           concerned
           the
           Government
           ,
           before
           ,
           and
           above
           any
           Pleasures
           ,
           Recreations
           ,
           and
           Conversation
           ;
           and
           serious
           things
           before
           what
           was
           pleasing
           .
           In
           the
           morning
           she
           spent
           the
           first
           fruits
           of
           her
           time
           in
           her
           Closet
           at
           her
           Devotions
           ,
           and
           then
           she
           betook
           her self
           to
           the
           dispatch
           of
           her
           Civil
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           reading
           of
           Letters
           ,
           and
           the
           ordering
           what
           Answers
           should
           be
           returned
           ;
           then
           she
           considered
           what
           was
           fit
           to
           be
           brought
           before
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Council
           ;
           she
           ever
           kept
           a
           vigilant
           eye
           upon
           the
           Motions
           of
           Philip
           II.
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           who
           was
           all
           her
           days
           plotting
           and
           contriving
           the
           Conquest
           of
           Europe
           ,
           and
           the
           reducing
           all
           his
           Neighbours
           and
           the
           Free-States
           ,
           and
           Cities
           of
           it
           ,
           under
           his
           obedience
           .
           She
           ever
           consulted
           first
           with
           her
           wisest
           ,
           and
           best
           experienced
           Ministers
           and
           Statesmen
           ,
           of
           whose
           Fidelity
           ,
           Industry
           and
           
           Ability
           ,
           she
           had
           formerly
           made
           good
           proof
           ;
           and
           she
           commanded
           them
           to
           speak
           freely
           and
           plainly
           what
           was
           best
           to
           be
           done
           ;
           and
           when
           she
           had
           heard
           the
           Advices
           of
           all
           ,
           she
           chose
           what
           she
           thought
           was
           best
           .
           When
           she
           had
           thus
           wearied
           her self
           ,
           and
           oppressed
           her
           Spirits
           ,
           she
           sought
           for
           rest
           and
           peace
           ;
           and
           would
           either
           walk
           in
           a
           shady
           Garden
           ,
           or
           pleasant
           Gallery
           ,
           without
           any
           other
           Attendance
           ,
           than
           that
           of
           a
           few
           Learned
           Men.
           Then
           she
           took
           her
           Coach
           ,
           and
           passed
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           her
           People
           to
           the
           Neighbouring
           Groves
           and
           Fields
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           would
           hunt
           ,
           or
           hawk
           ,
           spending
           in
           her
           Youth
           all
           her
           time
           in
           this
           change
           of
           Labour
           ,
           or
           innocent
           Divertisement
           .
           Nor
           was
           she
           less
           careful
           to
           exercise
           her
           mind
           in
           Learning
           ,
           than
           her
           body
           by
           Labour
           ;
           but
           by
           a
           wise
           distribution
           of
           her
           time
           ,
           she
           consulted
           the
           good
           and
           welfare
           both
           of
           Body
           and
           Soul.
           There
           was
           scarce
           a
           day
           in
           her
           
           life
           ,
           but
           she
           imployed
           a
           part
           of
           it
           in
           reading
           and
           study
           ;
           sometimes
           before
           she
           entered
           upon
           her
           State-affairs
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           after
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           by
           this
           means
           she
           gained
           a
           part
           of
           every
           day
           for
           her self
           ,
           and
           the
           improvement
           of
           her
           own
           Faculties
           .
           In
           her
           Studies
           she
           
           mixed
           pleasing
           and
           serious
           things
           one
           with
           another
           .
           In
           the
           Summer
           she
           for
           
           the
           most
           part
           lived
           in
           the
           Countrey
           ;
           then
           she
           took
           her
           Royal
           Progresses
           into
           the
           several
           Counties
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           she
           would
           amuse
           her self
           with
           considering
           and
           commending
           the
           pleasantness
           and
           goodness
           of
           her
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           the
           greatness
           and
           variety
           of
           the
           Fruits
           England
           produced
           ;
           she
           would
           also
           admire
           the
           Wisdom
           and
           Goodness
           of
           God
           in
           diversifying
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Earth
           by
           the
           mixture
           of
           Fields
           ,
           Meadows
           ,
           Pastures
           and
           Woods
           ;
           and
           she
           would
           ,
           as
           occasion
           offered
           ,
           hunt
           too
           .
           In
           all
           this
           she
           was
           intent
           upon
           that
           which
           was
           her
           main
           business
           ,
           the
           government
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           the
           management
           of
           her
           Family
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           Revenues
           ,
           and
           the
           observing
           the
           state
           and
           condition
           ,
           the
           carriage
           and
           designs
           of
           the
           Neighbour
           States
           and
           Princes
           ;
           which
           way
           soever
           she
           went
           ,
           she
           was
           sure
           to
           draw
           upon
           her
           the
           eyes
           of
           her
           People
           :
           Innumerable
           crowds
           of
           them
           met
           her
           in
           all
           places
           with
           loud
           hearty
           Acclamations
           ,
           with
           Countenances
           full
           of
           joy
           ,
           and
           hearts
           equally
           filled
           with
           love
           and
           admiration
           ,
           and
           this
           ever
           attended
           her
           in
           publick
           ,
           and
           in
           private
           ;
           for
           what
           sight
           in
           this
           
           World
           can
           possibly
           please
           Mortals
           ,
           like
           that
           of
           a
           just
           ,
           beneficent
           ,
           and
           kind
           Prince
           ?
           So
           that
           those
           Places
           were
           accounted
           the
           most
           happy
           ,
           in
           which
           ,
           for
           the
           goodness
           of
           the
           Air
           ,
           or
           the
           pleasantness
           of
           the
           Fields
           ,
           she
           was
           pleased
           to
           stay
           the
           longest
           .
           
             In
             her
             Progress
             she
             was
             the
             most
             easie
             to
             be
             approached
             ;
             Private
             Persons
             ,
             and
             Magistrates
             ,
             Men
             and
             Women
             ,
             Countrey
             people
             and
             Children
             ,
             came
             joyfully
             ,
             and
             without
             any
             fear
             ,
             to
             wait
             upon
             her
             ,
             and
             see
             her
             .
             Her
             ears
             were
             then
             open
             to
             the
             Complaints
             of
             the
             afflicted
             ,
             and
             of
             those
             that
             had
             been
             any
             way
             injured
             .
             She
             would
             not
             suffer
             the
             meanest
             of
             her
             People
             to
             be
             shut
             out
             from
             the
             places
             where
             she
             resided
             ,
             but
             the
             greatest
             and
             the
             least
             were
             then
             in
             a
             manner
             levelled
             .
             She
             took
             with
             her
             own
             hand
             ,
             and
             read
             with
             the
             greatest
             goodness
             the
             Petitions
             of
             the
             meanest
             Rusticks
             .
             And
             she
             would
             frequently
             assure
             them
             ,
             that
             she
             would
             take
             a
             particular
             care
             of
             their
             Affairs
             ;
             and
             she
             would
             ever
             be
             as
             good
             as
             her
             word
             .
          
           She
           by
           her
           Royal
           Authority
           protected
           those
           that
           were
           injured
           and
           oppressed
           :
           She
           punished
           the
           Fraudulent
           ,
           False
           ,
           Perfidious
           and
           Wicked
           .
           In
           all
           this
           variety
           of
           Affairs
           she
           was
           able
           to
           keep
           her
           temper
           ,
           and
           appear
           with
           an
           equal
           and
           
           uninterrupted
           serenity
           and
           humanity
           to
           all
           that
           came
           nigh
           her
           ;
           
             She
             was
             never
             seen
             angry
             with
             the
             most
             unseasonable
             ,
             or
             uncourtly
             Approach
             :
             She
             was
             never
             offended
             with
             the
             most
             impudent
             or
             importunate
             Petitioner
             .
          
           There
           was
           no
           commotion
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           her
           mind
           ,
           no
           Re-proaches
           ,
           no
           Reprehensions
           came
           from
           her
           .
           Nor
           was
           there
           any
           thing
           in
           the
           whole
           course
           of
           her
           Reign
           that
           more
           won
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           than
           this
           her
           wonderful
           facility
           ,
           condescention
           ,
           and
           the
           strange
           sweetness
           and
           pleasantness
           with
           which
           she
           entertained
           all
           that
           came
           to
           her
           .
           Thus
           for
           the
           most
           part
           she
           spent
           her
           Summer
           .
        
         
           She
           spent
           her
           Winter
           in
           London
           in
           
           the
           procuring
           the
           safety
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           her
           Allies
           and
           Confederates
           .
           Before
           day
           every
           morning
           she
           heard
           the
           Petitions
           of
           those
           that
           had
           any
           business
           with
           her
           ;
           and
           calling
           her
           Secretaries
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           Masters
           of
           Requests
           ,
           she
           caused
           the
           Orders
           of
           Council
           ,
           Proclamations
           ,
           Patents
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Papers
           relating
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           to
           be
           read
           ,
           which
           were
           then
           depending
           ;
           and
           gave
           such
           order
           in
           each
           Affair
           as
           she
           thought
           fit
           ,
           which
           was
           set
           down
           in
           short
           Notes
           ,
           either
           by
           her self
           ,
           or
           her
           Secretaries
           .
           As
           
           often
           as
           any
           thing
           happened
           that
           was
           difficult
           ,
           she
           called
           her
           great
           and
           wise
           men
           to
           her
           ,
           and
           proposing
           the
           diversity
           of
           Opinions
           ,
           she
           very
           attentively
           considered
           and
           weighed
           on
           which
           side
           the
           strongest
           reason
           lay
           ,
           ever
           preferring
           that
           way
           which
           seemed
           most
           to
           promote
           the
           publick
           safety
           and
           welfare
           .
           When
           she
           was
           thus
           wearied
           with
           her
           morning
           work
           ,
           she
           would
           take
           a
           walk
           ,
           if
           the
           Sun
           shined
           ,
           into
           her
           Garden
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           in
           her
           Galleries
           ,
           especially
           in
           windy
           or
           rainy
           Weather
           .
           She
           would
           then
           cause
           Stanhop
           ,
           or
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Savill
          
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           very
           learned
           Man
           to
           be
           called
           to
           walk
           with
           her
           ,
           and
           entertain
           her
           with
           some
           learned
           Subject
           ;
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           day
           she
           spent
           in
           private
           reading
           History
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           Learning
           ,
           with
           great
           care
           and
           attention
           ;
           not
           out
           of
           ostentation
           ,
           and
           a
           vain
           ambition
           of
           being
           always
           learning
           something
           ,
           but
           out
           of
           a
           diligent
           care
           to
           enable
           her self
           thereby
           to
           live
           the
           better
           ,
           and
           to
           avoid
           sin
           ;
           and
           she
           would
           commonly
           have
           some
           Learned
           Man
           with
           her
           ,
           or
           near
           her
           ,
           to
           assist
           her
           ;
           whose
           Labour
           and
           Industry
           she
           would
           well
           reward
           :
           Thus
           she
           spent
           her
           Winter
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           Summer
           time
           ,
           when
           she
           was
           
           hungry
           ,
           she
           would
           eat
           something
           that
           was
           of
           light
           and
           easie
           digestion
           in
           her
           Chamber
           ,
           with
           the
           Windows
           open
           to
           admit
           the
           gentle
           breezes
           of
           wind
           from
           the
           Gardens
           ,
           or
           pleasant
           Hills
           .
           Sometimes
           she
           would
           do
           this
           alone
           ,
           but
           more
           commonly
           she
           would
           have
           her
           Friends
           with
           her
           then
           .
           When
           she
           had
           thus
           satisfied
           her
           hunger
           and
           thirst
           with
           a
           very
           moderate
           repast
           ,
           she
           would
           rest
           awhile
           upon
           an
           
             Indian
             Couch
          
           curiously
           and
           richly
           covered
           .
           In
           the
           Winter-time
           she
           observed
           the
           same
           Order
           ,
           but
           she
           omitted
           her
           Noon-sleep
           .
           When
           her
           day
           was
           thus
           spent
           ,
           she
           went
           late
           to
           Supper
           ,
           which
           was
           ever
           sparing
           ,
           and
           very
           moderate
           .
           At
           Supper
           she
           would
           divert
           her self
           with
           her
           Friends
           and
           Attendance
           ;
           
             and
             if
             they
             made
             her
             no
             anfwer
             ,
             she
             would
             put
             them
             upon
             mirth
             and
             pleasant
             discourse
             with
             great
             civility
             .
          
           She
           would
           then
           also
           admit
           Tarleton
           ,
           a
           famousComedian
           ,
           and
           a
           pleasant
           Talker
           ,
           and
           other
           such
           like
           men
           ,
           to
           divert
           her
           with
           Stories
           of
           the
           Town
           ,
           and
           the
           common
           Jests
           ,
           or
           Accidents
           ;
           but
           so
           ,
           that
           they
           kept
           within
           the
           bounds
           of
           modesty
           and
           chastity
           .
           In
           the
           Winter-time
           ,
           after
           Supper
           ,
           she
           would
           some
           
           time
           hear
           a
           Song
           ,
           or
           a
           Lesson
           or
           two
           plaid
           upon
           the
           Lute
           ;
           but
           she
           would
           be
           much
           offended
           if
           there
           was
           any
           rudeness
           to
           any
           Person
           ,
           any
           reproach
           or
           licentious
           Reflection
           used
           .
           Tarleton
           ,
           
           who
           was
           then
           the
           best
           Comedian
           in
           England
           ,
           had
           made
           a
           pleasant
           Play
           ,
           and
           when
           it
           was
           acting
           before
           the
           Queen
           ,
           he
           pointed
           at
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Rawleigh
          
           ,
           and
           said
           ,
           
             See
             the
             Knave
             commands
             the
             Queen
          
           ;
           for
           which
           he
           was
           corrected
           by
           a
           Frown
           from
           the
           Queen
           ;
           yet
           he
           had
           the
           confidence
           to
           add
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           of
           too
           much
           ,
           and
           too
           intolerable
           a
           power
           ;
           and
           going
           on
           with
           the
           same
           liberty
           ,
           he
           reflected
           on
           the
           over-great
           Power
           and
           Riches
           of
           the
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           which
           was
           so
           universally
           applauded
           by
           all
           that
           were
           present
           ,
           that
           she
           thought
           fit
           for
           the
           present
           to
           bear
           these
           Reflections
           with
           a
           seeming
           unconcernedness
           .
           But
           yet
           she
           was
           so
           offended
           ,
           that
           she
           forbad
           Tarleton
           ,
           and
           all
           her
           Jesters
           ,
           from
           coming
           near
           her
           Table
           ,
           being
           inwardly
           displeased
           with
           this
           impudent
           and
           unreasonable
           Liberty
           .
           She
           would
           talk
           with
           Learned
           Men
           that
           had
           travelled
           ,
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           many
           ,
           and
           ask
           them
           many
           Questions
           concerning
           the
           Government
           ,
           Customs
           and
           Discipline
           used
           abroad
           .
           She
           loved
           a
           
           natural
           Jester
           ,
           that
           would
           tell
           a
           Story
           pleasantly
           ,
           and
           humour
           it
           with
           his
           Countenance
           ,
           and
           Gesture
           ,
           and
           Voice
           ;
           but
           she
           hated
           all
           those
           Praters
           that
           made
           bold
           with
           other
           mens
           Reputation
           ,
           or
           defamed
           them
           .
           She
           detested
           ,
           as
           ominous
           and
           unfortunate
           ,
           all
           Dwarfs
           and
           Monstrous
           Births
           .
           She
           loved
           
             Little
             Dogs
             ,
             Singing
             Birds
             ,
             Parrots
             ,
          
           and
           Apes
           :
           And
           when
           she
           was
           in
           private
           ,
           she
           would
           recreate
           her self
           with
           various
           Discourses
           ,
           a
           game
           at
           Chess
           ,
           Dancing
           ,
           or
           Singing
           .
           Then
           she
           would
           retire
           into
           her
           Bed-chamber
           ,
           where
           she
           was
           attended
           by
           married
           Ladies
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           the
           Marchioness
           of
           Winchester
           ,
           then
           a
           Widow
           ,
           the
           Countess
           of
           Warwick
           ,
           and
           the
           Lord
           Scroop's
           Lady
           ,
           whose
           Husband
           was
           Governor
           of
           the
           
             West
             Marshes
          
           .
           She
           would
           seldom
           suffer
           any
           to
           wait
           upon
           her
           there
           ,
           except
           
             Leicester
             ,
             Hatton
             ,
             Essex
             ,
             Nottingham
             ,
          
           and
           Sir
           
             Walter
             Rawleigh
          
           ,
           who
           were
           more
           intimately
           conversant
           with
           her
           than
           anyother
           of
           theCourtiers
           ;
           She
           frequently
           mixed
           serious
           things
           with
           her
           Jests
           ,
           and
           her
           Mirth
           ;
           and
           upon
           Festival
           Days
           ,
           and
           especially
           in
           Christmas-time
           ,
           she
           would
           play
           at
           Cards
           and
           Tables
           ,
           which
           was
           one
           of
           her
           usual
           Pastimes
           ;
           and
           if
           at
           any
           time
           she
           happened
           
           to
           win
           ,
           she
           would
           be
           sure
           to
           demand
           the
           Money
           .
           When
           she
           found
           her self
           sleepy
           ,
           she
           would
           take
           her
           leave
           of
           them
           that
           were
           present
           with
           much
           kindness
           and
           gravity
           ,
           and
           so
           betake
           her
           to
           her
           rest
           ;
           some
           Lady
           of
           good
           quality
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           intimate
           acquaintance
           ,
           always
           lying
           in
           the
           same
           Chamber
           .
           And
           besides
           her
           Guards
           ,
           that
           were
           always
           upon
           Duty
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           Good
           Quality
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           up
           in
           the
           next
           Chamber
           ,
           who
           were
           to
           wake
           her
           in
           case
           any
           thing
           extraordinary
           happened
           .
        
         
           Though
           she
           was
           endowed
           with
           all
           
           the
           Goods
           of
           Nature
           and
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           adorned
           with
           all
           those
           things
           which
           are
           valuable
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           desired
           ;
           yet
           there
           were
           some
           things
           in
           her
           that
           were
           capable
           of
           amendment
           ;
           nor
           was
           there
           ever
           any
           Mortal
           ,
           whose
           Virtues
           were
           not
           eclipsed
           by
           the
           neigbourhood
           of
           some
           Vices
           or
           Imperfections
           .
           She
           was
           subject
           to
           be
           vehemently
           transported
           with
           Anger
           ;
           and
           when
           she
           was
           so
           ,
           she
           would
           shew
           it
           by
           her
           Voice
           ,
           her
           Countenance
           ,
           and
           her
           Hand
           .
           She
           would
           chide
           her
           familiar
           Servants
           so
           loud
           ,
           that
           they
           that
           stood
           afar
           off
           ,
           might
           sometimes
           hear
           her
           Voice
           .
           And
           it
           was
           reported
           ,
           that
           for
           
           small
           Offences
           she
           would
           strike
           her
           Maids
           of
           Honour
           with
           her
           hand
           ;
           but
           then
           her
           Anger
           was
           short
           ,
           and
           very
           innocent
           ,
           and
           she
           learned
           from
           
             Zenophon's
             Book
             ,
             Of
             the
             Institution
             of
             Cyrus
             ,
          
           the
           method
           of
           curbing
           and
           correcting
           this
           unruly
           and
           uneasie
           Passion
           .
           And
           when
           her
           Friends
           acknowledged
           their
           Offences
           ,
           and
           humbly
           begged
           her
           pardon
           ,
           she
           with
           an
           appeased
           mind
           easily
           forgave
           them
           many
           things
           .
        
         
           She
           was
           also
           of
           an
           Opinion
           ,
           That
           Severity
           
           was
           safe
           ,
           and
           too
           much
           Clemency
           was
           destructive
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           her
           Punishments
           and
           Justice
           she
           was
           the
           more
           severe
           .
           The
           worst
           thing
           that
           she
           did
           in
           all
           her
           Reign
           ,
           was
           her
           treatment
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           who
           being
           by
           her
           own
           Subjects
           driven
           into
           Exile
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           deprived
           of
           her
           Regal
           Authority
           ,
           but
           of
           her
           Liberty
           ,
           her
           Estate
           ,
           and
           her
           Treasures
           ;
           and
           coming
           poor
           and
           distressed
           into
           England
           upon
           the
           Queen's
           promise
           and
           faith
           given
           ,
           she
           at
           first
           kindly
           and
           hospitably
           received
           and
           entertained
           her
           ;
           but
           afterwards
           confined
           her
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           upon
           pretence
           that
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           was
           plotting
           against
           her
           ,
           put
           her
           upon
           her
           trial
           ,
           condemned
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           executed
           
           her
           ,
           making
           her
           a
           sad
           ,
           and
           unheard-of
           Example
           of
           her
           cruel
           and
           unjust
           Severity
           .
           Thus
           she
           polluted
           her
           happy
           Reign
           with
           the
           Innocent
           Blood
           ,
           not
           of
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           Guest
           :
           The
           memory
           of
           old
           Disgusts
           and
           Injuries
           prevailing
           more
           upon
           the
           mind
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           than
           the
           dignity
           of
           a
           Sovereign
           Queen
           ,
           the
           Intercession
           of
           the
           Neighbour
           Princes
           ,
           the
           Laws
           of
           Hospitality
           ,
           the
           Tears
           of
           a
           Captive
           ,
           and
           a
           Kinswoman
           ;
           so
           that
           no
           Intercession
           ,
           no
           Supplications
           could
           take
           any
           place
           in
           a
           mind
           inexorably
           bent
           upon
           Revenge
           .
           They
           that
           would
           excuse
           this
           mournful
           Action
           ,
           pretend
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           was
           only
           confined
           to
           prevent
           mischief
           ;
           but
           she
           entering
           into
           a
           Conspiracy
           against
           the
           Queen
           of
           England
           in
           her
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           her
           Designs
           against
           the
           Life
           and
           Throne
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           being
           thus
           detected
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           other
           way
           left
           to
           preserve
           the
           Life
           ,
           and
           consult
           the
           safety
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           punishment
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           Scots
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           who
           had
           conspired
           to
           destroy
           her
           .
           That
           all
           Precautions
           were
           in
           vain
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           absolutely
           necessary
           to
           cut
           off
           this
           Guest
           ,
           though
           her
           Cousin
           ,
           and
           the
           next
           Heir
           after
           her
           of
           
           the
           Crown
           of
           England
           ;
           and
           one
           ,
           that
           by
           her
           deprivation
           of
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           her
           Imprisonment
           in
           England
           ,
           was
           deprived
           of
           all
           means
           to
           hurt
           her
           .
           If
           she
           would
           have
           taken
           the
           right
           method
           to
           secure
           her self
           ,
           she
           should
           have
           released
           her
           Captive
           ,
           and
           have
           sent
           her
           away
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           cut
           off
           the
           Causes
           ,
           and
           the
           Pretences
           of
           these
           Conspiracies
           ,
           and
           have
           tended
           more
           to
           her
           honour
           and
           peace
           ,
           than
           the
           way
           she
           took
           .
           This
           Execution
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scots
           raised
           in
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Neighbour
           Princes
           an
           enraged
           Indignation
           .
           And
           she
           her self
           ,
           when
           she
           knew
           the
           Fact
           was
           done
           ,
           and
           could
           not
           be
           recalled
           ,
           deplored
           the
           
             united
             and
             common
             Indignation
             of
             all
             the
             Foreign
             Princes
             with
             many
             tears
             ,
             and
             gave
             many
             signs
             of
             her
             inward
             grief
             ,
             laying
             the
             blame
             of
             this
             wicked
             action
             wholly
             upon
             the
             Actors
             ;
             and
             upon
             every
             mention
             of
             the
             death
             of
             the
             Queen
             of
          
           Scots
           ,
           
             she
             would
             to
             her
             dying
             day
             weep
             bitterly
             ,
             and
             lament
             her
             misfortune
             in
             it
             .
          
           So
           great
           was
           the
           force
           of
           her
           Repentance
           ,
           tho
           it
           came
           too
           late
           ,
           and
           was
           altogether
           useless
           .
        
         
           It
           was
           thought
           she
           brought
           Leicester
           
           and
           Hatton
           ,
           two
           of
           her
           greatest
           Favourites
           ,
           to
           their
           Graves
           ,
           by
           her
           hard
           usages
           ,
           and
           the
           many
           Indignities
           she
           
           put
           upon
           them
           .
           Leicester
           had
           offended
           her
           ,
           by
           attempting
           to
           imbroil
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           
             United
             Provinces
          
           in
           the
           Netherlands
           ;
           to
           that
           end
           he
           had
           suffered
           his
           Soldiers
           to
           live
           very
           irregular
           ,
           and
           without
           almost
           any
           Military
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           this
           in
           a
           State
           the
           most
           closely
           united
           to
           her
           ;
           and
           he
           had
           ambitiously
           affected
           the
           Power
           of
           a
           Lieutenant·General
           in
           England
           and
           Ireland
           ;
           which
           Burleigh
           represented
           to
           the
           Queen
           as
           intolerable
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           she
           became
           so
           incensed
           against
           him
           ,
           that
           she
           brought
           him
           to
           a
           Despondence
           of
           Mind
           ,
           which
           ended
           in
           his
           Death
           ;
           the
           Queen
           declining
           all
           Reconciliation
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           an
           Example
           to
           all
           others
           to
           consult
           their
           own
           and
           the
           Publick
           Interest
           better
           than
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           and
           not
           aspire
           like
           him
           to
           too
           great
           and
           dangerous
           Honours
           .
           Upon
           this
           Repulse
           he
           resolved
           to
           retire
           into
           the
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           to
           live
           remote
           from
           the
           Court
           ,
           at
           Killingnorth
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           Road
           he
           fell
           into
           a
           violent
           Feavet
           ,
           which
           brought
           him
           to
           his
           Grave
           .
           He
           left
           a
           Brother
           behind
           him
           ,
           who
           was
           Earl
           of
           Warwick
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           Character
           of
           a
           good
           man
           from
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           he
           succeeded
           him
           in
           the
           Estate
           ,
           
           but
           did
           not
           long
           enjoy
           it
           .
           He
           left
           also
           a
           Son
           who
           laid
           Claim
           afterwards
           to
           the
           Earldom
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           then
           very
           young
           ,
           and
           not
           owned
           as
           Legitimate
           .
           When
           the
           Queen
           heard
           of
           the
           Death
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           she
           could
           not
           forbear
           grieving
           at
           it
           :
           She
           ordered
           ,
           however
           ,
           his
           Personal
           Estate
           to
           be
           seized
           for
           Money
           due
           to
           the
           Exchequer
           from
           the
           deceased
           Earl
           ;
           but
           she
           got
           little
           by
           it
           ,
           the
           Creditors
           and
           others
           by
           various
           Stratagems
           ,
           and
           on
           various
           Pretences
           ,
           drawing
           it
           out
           again
           .
        
         
           Hatton
           was
           a
           very
           good
           Dancer
           ,
           and
           
           that
           was
           his
           best
           Qualification
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           means
           of
           promoting
           him
           to
           be
           
             Lord
             Chancellor
             of
             England
          
           .
           Being
           in
           that
           high
           and
           undeserved
           Station
           ,
           he
           became
           proud
           and
           arrogant
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           began
           to
           favour
           the
           Popish
           Party
           more
           than
           the
           Queen
           thought
           well
           of
           .
           The
           Queen
           thereupon
           told
           him
           ,
           That
           he
           was
           too
           much
           exalted
           by
           the
           Indulgence
           of
           his
           Fortune
           ,
           which
           had
           placed
           him
           in
           a
           Station
           for
           which
           he
           was
           unfit
           ,
           he
           being
           ignorant
           of
           the
           Chancery-Law
           ,
           and
           needing
           the
           Assistance
           of
           others
           to
           enable
           him
           to
           do
           his
           Duty
           .
           This
           Reproach
           struck
           him
           to
           the
           heart
           ,
           and
           he
           resolved
           to
           admit
           no
           Consolation
           .
           
           When
           he
           was
           almost
           half-dead
           ,
           the
           Queen
           repented
           of
           her
           Severity
           ,
           and
           went
           her self
           in
           Person
           to
           comfort
           the
           Dying
           Chancellor
           ,
           and
           did
           what
           was
           possible
           to
           retrieve
           him
           ;
           but
           it
           was
           all
           to
           no
           purpose
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           obstinately
           resolved
           to
           dye
           .
           His
           Brother's
           Son
           succeeded
           him
           in
           his
           Estates
           and
           Goods
           ,
           (
           he
           dying
           a
           Batchellor
           )
           and
           raised
           a
           Family
           upon
           this
           Foundation
           ;
           and
           the
           Queen
           did
           not
           exact
           from
           him
           the
           Debts
           due
           to
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           whether
           out
           of
           Respect
           to
           the
           Deceased
           ,
           or
           Favour
           to
           the
           Lord
           Treasurer
           Burleigh
           ,
           whose
           Niece
           this
           Gentleman
           had
           Married
           .
        
         
           As
           the
           Queen
           was
           by
           Nature
           severe
           ,
           
           so
           she
           did
           not
           want
           the
           utmost
           Provocations
           to
           exert
           her
           Natural
           Temper
           :
           For
           there
           was
           in
           all
           her
           Reign
           a
           Chain
           of
           Conspiracies
           detected
           ,
           which
           were
           so
           outragious
           and
           wicked
           ,
           that
           they
           exceeded
           by
           their
           Cruelty
           and
           bruitish
           Ferity
           all
           measures
           ,
           and
           seemed
           to
           deserve
           and
           call
           for
           Severity
           in
           her
           punishing
           of
           them
           ;
           she
           was
           also
           exasperated
           by
           Rebellions
           and
           Insurrections
           in
           both
           her
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           by
           most
           infamous
           Libels
           published
           without
           any
           Author's
           Name
           ,
           against
           the
           Cruelty
           of
           this
           Prince
           ,
           with
           the
           Infamy
           of
           
           them
           that
           writ
           these
           Books
           .
           The
           Reproach
           of
           Cruelty
           would
           not
           fix
           upon
           her
           ,
           tho
           they
           did
           what
           was
           possible
           to
           defame
           her
           ,
           because
           all
           men
           thought
           the
           Actors
           and
           Leaders
           in
           these
           horrible
           Treasons
           and
           Rebellions
           ,
           deserved
           all
           the
           Punishments
           and
           Severities
           she
           inflicted
           on
           them
           for
           their
           Crimes
           .
           However
           it
           is
           apparent
           ,
           That
           in
           her
           Reign
           many
           of
           the
           Nobility
           were
           put
           to
           Death
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           most
           Noble
           Families
           were
           ruined
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Roman-Catholicks
           were
           punished
           ,
           banished
           ,
           or
           forced
           to
           flye
           into
           Foreign
           Countries
           to
           escape
           those
           Punishments
           they
           had
           drawn
           upon
           themselves
           by
           their
           restless
           endeavours
           to
           undermine
           her
           Throne
           ,
           and
           subvert
           her
           Government
           ,
           or
           to
           destroy
           her
           Person
           .
           After
           all
           ,
           some
           of
           these
           Papists
           ,
           out
           of
           a
           spirit
           of
           Slander
           and
           Detraction
           ,
           and
           a
           desire
           to
           gratifie
           the
           Pope
           and
           his
           Party
           ,
           laboured
           by
           all
           ways
           that
           they
           could
           invent
           ,
           to
           have
           her
           thought
           a
           Cruel
           and
           a
           Bloody
           Princess
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           utmost
           Impudence
           represented
           her
           as
           such
           in
           their
           Pamphlets
           ,
           tho
           she
           was
           forced
           to
           this
           Severity
           by
           their
           great
           and
           repeated
           Villanies
           .
        
         
           There
           were
           some
           that
           with
           an
           unsusserable
           
           Rashness
           charged
           her
           with
           
           Unchastity
           :
           The
           principal
           of
           which
           was
           
             Nicholas
             Sanders
          
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           basest
           and
           wickedest
           Slanderers
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           most
           hellish
           and
           incurable
           Malice
           that
           ever
           was
           born
           .
           This
           Fellow
           forgot
           all
           Modesty
           ,
           and
           not
           content
           with
           the
           defaming
           her
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           reviving
           all
           those
           Slanders
           against
           her
           ,
           which
           had
           before
           his
           time
           been
           sufficiently
           detected
           and
           disproved
           ,
           or
           were
           forgotten
           ,
           he
           went
           on
           to
           slander
           and
           defame
           the
           Queen
           too
           ;
           and
           to
           that
           end
           invented
           very
           many
           lewd
           Stories
           ,
           and
           most
           infamous
           Satyrs
           against
           her
           and
           her
           Ministers
           ,
           endeavouring
           to
           have
           the
           World
           believe
           she
           was
           guilty
           of
           Rapine
           ,
           villanous
           Lusts
           ,
           and
           intolerable
           Frauds
           for
           the
           Subversion
           of
           the
           English
           Nation
           .
           But
           the
           Modesty
           and
           the
           incredible
           Chastity
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           easily
           dispelled
           all
           these
           black
           and
           noisom
           Slanders
           and
           Reproaches
           ;
           her
           worst
           Enemies
           having
           never
           been
           able
           to
           discover
           the
           least
           shadow
           of
           Luxury
           or
           Unchastity
           in
           all
           her
           Life
           ;
           which
           was
           so
           pure
           and
           so
           spotless
           and
           unblamable
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           to
           believe
           she
           was
           a
           Mortal
           .
           This
           her
           rare
           Temperance
           and
           Continence
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           the
           Lyes
           
           and
           Defamations
           of
           this
           abominable
           Slanderer
           ,
           and
           made
           all
           men
           despise
           him
           and
           his
           Writings
           .
           Nor
           did
           he
           so
           escape
           the
           Justice
           of
           God
           ,
           which
           pursued
           him
           for
           this
           and
           his
           other
           Crimes
           ,
           and
           before
           his
           Death
           deprived
           him
           of
           his
           Reason
           and
           Understanding
           ,
           and
           banishing
           him
           from
           the
           Conversation
           of
           men
           ,
           he
           perished
           in
           a
           desolate
           place
           in
           Ireland
           ,
           after
           he
           had
           a
           long
           time
           struggled
           with
           Hunger
           and
           Cold
           ,
           and
           endeavoured
           to
           preserve
           himself
           alive
           with
           the
           Roots
           of
           the
           Herbs
           that
           naturally
           grew
           in
           those
           Woods
           he
           lurked
           in
           ;
           nor
           was
           there
           one
           Friend
           to
           cover
           his
           Carkass
           with
           a
           little
           earth
           after
           he
           was
           dead
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           found
           by
           the
           English
           in
           the
           Woods
           ,
           and
           left
           a
           Prey
           to
           the
           Wild
           Beasts
           ;
           all
           men
           rejoicing
           that
           the
           Justice
           of
           God
           had
           thus
           fhewn
           it self
           in
           the
           Punishment
           of
           this
           infamous
           Slanderer
           ,
           and
           Impenitent
           Rebel
           .
        
         
           Another
           virulent
           Slanderer
           printed
           
           a
           Book
           ,
           under
           the
           Title
           of
           
             Dydimus
             Veridicus
          
           ,
           being
           infected
           with
           the
           same
           contagious
           distemper
           of
           Lying
           ,
           and
           presumed
           to
           pollute
           the
           ears
           of
           men
           with
           most
           wicked
           Difcourses
           ,
           and
           to
           attempt
           the
           Ruin
           of
           the
           Fame
           of
           a
           most
           Noble
           Princess
           ,
           which
           was
           supported
           
           by
           the
           united
           Approbation
           and
           Praises
           of
           Mankind
           .
           He
           invented
           many
           absurd
           ,
           false
           ,
           and
           incredible
           things
           ,
           that
           were
           like
           the
           fained
           Representations
           of
           Poets
           and
           Painters
           ,
           so
           that
           they
           appear
           false
           at
           first
           sight
           ,
           and
           only
           serve
           to
           shew
           the
           liberty
           he
           took
           of
           Lying
           notoriously
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           may
           be
           left
           without
           any
           answer
           ,
           to
           receive
           his
           Confutation
           from
           the
           Prudence
           of
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           
             Florimond
             Remond
          
           ,
           another
           indiscreet
           
           Writer
           ,
           transcribes
           the
           Defamations
           and
           Lyes
           which
           Sanders
           had
           invented
           ,
           and
           sets
           down
           without
           any
           Truth
           ,
           the
           Imprisonments
           ,
           Tortures
           ,
           Punishments
           ,
           and
           Ignominies
           of
           the
           Papists
           :
           He
           impudently
           writes
           ,
           That
           the
           Publick
           Places
           and
           Streets
           were
           washed
           with
           their
           Innocent
           Blood
           ;
           that
           the
           Priests
           were
           tormented
           ,
           the
           Matrons
           slain
           ,
           the
           Layicks
           hurried
           away
           to
           Death
           and
           Tortures
           ;
           forgetting
           or
           dissembling
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           short
           Five
           years
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           ,
           there
           were
           more
           innocent
           Protestants
           burnt
           alive
           without
           Mercy
           ,
           than
           suffered
           in
           all
           the
           Forty
           four
           Years
           of
           that
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           ,
           tho
           convicted
           of
           the
           greatest
           Crimes
           ,
           and
           executed
           upon
           the
           
           most
           Just
           and
           Legal
           Prosecutions
           ,
           viz.
           For
           disturbing
           the
           Peace
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           by
           Insurrections
           ,
           Tumults
           ,
           and
           Rebellions
           ,
           for
           entring
           into
           Conspiracies
           ,
           joining
           with
           Foreign
           Enemies
           ,
           or
           abetting
           and
           concealing
           Domestick
           Treasons
           and
           Traitors
           ,
           or
           for
           endeavouring
           to
           Murder
           the
           Queen
           .
           The
           Moderation
           and
           Justice
           of
           the
           Queen
           has
           covered
           these
           passionate
           and
           false
           Scriblers
           with
           Infamy
           and
           Contempt
           ,
           and
           it
           were
           lost
           labour
           to
           endeavour
           to
           refute
           them
           .
        
         
           Nor
           ought
           
             George
             Cone
          
           ,
           a
           Scot
           ,
           to
           
           be
           passed
           over
           in
           silence
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           History
           of
           the
           Life
           of
           
             Mary
             Queen
             of
             the
             Scots
          
           ,
           has
           persecuted
           the
           Memory
           of
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           with
           a
           rapid
           Fury
           .
           He
           faith
           impudently
           ,
           That
           she
           was
           born
           in
           an
           Incestuous
           Marriage
           ,
           and
           got
           the
           Possession
           of
           England
           by
           Force
           ;
           which
           Expressions
           were
           the
           effects
           of
           a
           Flattering
           Affection
           to
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Popish
           Party
           ,
           and
           of
           Aversion
           for
           that
           of
           the
           Protestants
           .
           These
           Treatments
           induced
           the
           Queen
           to
           be
           very
           severe
           against
           all
           Libels
           and
           Verses
           penned
           to
           the
           end
           to
           blacken
           the
           Reputation
           of
           any
           man
           ;
           which
           she
           forbad
           any
           to
           read
           or
           divulge
           ;
           and
           she
           ordered
           
           them
           to
           be
           burnt
           :
           And
           she
           extended
           this
           her
           Severity
           to
           all
           Rumors
           and
           Reports
           that
           were
           spread
           abroad
           underhand
           ,
           for
           fear
           her
           People
           should
           by
           these
           means
           be
           excited
           to
           Rebellions
           or
           Seditions
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           her
           Forces
           in
           Ireland
           under
           
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Lord
           Montjoy
           ,
           were
           struggling
           hard
           with
           Tyrone
           for
           the
           Reduction
           of
           Ulster
           ,
           and
           Tyrone
           was
           reduced
           to
           a
           necessity
           of
           submitting
           himself
           to
           her
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           ended
           in
           the
           quieting
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           the
           Queen
           was
           involved
           in
           an
           uncurable
           and
           grievous
           Disease
           ,
           arising
           from
           the
           Greatness
           of
           her
           Age
           :
           She
           spent
           many
           Nights
           sadly
           and
           restlesly
           ,
           without
           any
           sleep
           ,
           in
           much
           Anxiety
           and
           troublesome
           Cares
           ;
           her
           Stomach
           being
           wholly
           weakned
           and
           decayed
           ,
           loathed
           all
           sorts
           of
           Diet
           ;
           till
           at
           last
           the
           Anguish
           of
           her
           Troubled
           and
           Afflicted
           mind
           ,
           made
           her
           despair
           of
           a
           Recovery
           ;
           so
           that
           
             she
             despised
             the
             Counsels
             of
             her
             Physicians
             ,
             and
             became
             exasperated
             and
             stubbornly
             resolved
             against
             all
             Medecines
             .
          
           The
           most
           powerful
           and
           considerable
           of
           her
           Friends
           who
           waited
           upon
           her
           night
           and
           day
           ,
           and
           did
           all
           they
           could
           to
           consolate
           and
           please
           her
           ,
           when
           
           they
           saw
           the
           muttering
           Discontents
           of
           her
           Physicians
           ,
           and
           considered
           seriously
           the
           uncertainty
           of
           the
           Event
           which
           might
           follow
           this
           Sickness
           of
           Body
           and
           Mind
           ,
           and
           the
           Imbecility
           of
           human
           Nature
           ,
           they
           became
           anxious
           ,
           and
           most
           earnestly
           besought
           her
           ,
           That
           she
           would
           curb
           this
           Disturbance
           and
           Grief
           of
           her
           mind
           ;
           that
           she
           would
           for
           the
           present
           not
           fill
           her
           mind
           with
           the
           Arguments
           of
           Learned
           men
           against
           the
           Fears
           of
           Death
           ,
           tho
           they
           had
           the
           shew
           of
           Wisdom
           ;
           that
           she
           would
           consult
           her
           own
           Reason
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           the
           Preservation
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           and
           the
           Recovery
           of
           her
           former
           Health
           :
           That
           she
           would
           not
           encrease
           her
           Danger
           by
           Despondency
           ,
           or
           her
           Distemper
           by
           her
           Obstinacy
           against
           all
           Medicines
           ;
           but
           that
           she
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           yield
           to
           the
           Perswasions
           of
           her
           Physicians
           ,
           and
           follow
           their
           Advices
           ,
           Eat
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           overcome
           her
           inward
           grief
           with
           Patience
           :
           Lastly
           ,
           That
           she
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           value
           and
           endeavour
           to
           preserve
           her
           own
           Life
           ,
           and
           deliver
           her
           Loyal
           and
           Faithful
           Servants
           ,
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           Subjects
           ,
           from
           that
           Anxiety
           and
           Sorrow
           that
           now
           oppressed
           them
           .
           She
           made
           no
           other
           Answer
           to
           all
           this
           Wise
           
           and
           Loyal
           Advice
           ,
           but
           
             That
             she
             was
             full
             satiated
             with
             this
             present
             Life
             ,
             and
             now
          
           
           
             desired
             nothing
             more
             than
             to
             be
             translated
             to
             a
             state
             of
             Immortality
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             her
             escape
             out
             of
             this
             dark
             and
             disordered
             state
             of
             human
             Affairs
             .
             That
          
           Death
           ,
           
             which
             many
             so
             much
             abhorred
             ,
             was
             only
             the
             payment
             of
             a
             Debt
             due
             to
             Nature
             ;
             and
             that
             our
             Spirits
             were
             of
             right
             to
             be
             restored
             to
             God
             from
             whom
             they
             came
             .
          
           Thus
           her
           Body
           by
           slow
           degrees
           consumed
           away
           ,
           and
           she
           became
           very
           Lean
           ,
           Weak
           ,
           and
           Faint
           .
           Yet
           after
           all
           ,
           her
           Mind
           was
           more
           afflicted
           than
           her
           Body
           ;
           
             She
             was
             night
             and
             day
             troubled
             with
             a
             sorrowful
             Remembrance
             of
             the
             late
             executed
             Earl
             of
          
           Essex
           .
           The
           Grief
           of
           her
           Mind
           was
           encreased
           by
           the
           Necessity
           of
           her
           Affairs
           ,
           which
           compell'd
           her
           to
           yield
           to
           Tyrone
           ,
           not
           only
           his
           Life
           and
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           the
           Pardon
           of
           his
           Rebellions
           and
           Perfidy
           ,
           but
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Estate
           ;
           which
           she
           esteemed
           a
           kind
           of
           rewarding
           him
           for
           his
           Treasons
           and
           Perjuries
           .
        
         
           Her
           Sorrows
           were
           every
           day
           increased
           
           and
           made
           more
           insupportable
           ,
           by
           the
           Melancholy
           Humour
           which
           then
           abounded
           in
           her
           Blood
           ,
           and
           the
           restlessness
           of
           her
           Mind
           ;
           so
           that
           all
           her
           Strength
           being
           exhausted
           ,
           and
           her
           
           Mind
           ,
           which
           was
           filled
           with
           Indignation
           ,
           contributing
           more
           and
           more
           to
           the
           Disease
           ,
           she
           seemed
           to
           decline
           apace
           by
           the
           Weakness
           which
           augmented
           every
           day
           ,
           yet
           she
           bore
           this
           her
           last
           Sickness
           with
           a
           wonderful
           Constancy
           and
           Patience
           ,
           which
           alone
           deserved
           very
           great
           Commendation
           .
           When
           some
           of
           the
           principal
           Nobility
           of
           
             England
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Admiral
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Keeper
             of
             the
             Great
             Seal
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             the
             Secretaries
             of
             State
             ,
          
           in
           the
           Name
           and
           by
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           told
           her
           Majesty
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           their
           humble
           Request
           ,
           That
           she
           would
           ,
           if
           not
           for
           her
           own
           sake
           ,
           yet
           for
           the
           good
           of
           her
           People
           ,
           throw
           off
           that
           load
           of
           Grief
           which
           oppressed
           her
           ,
           and
           lay
           aside
           the
           Resolution
           of
           dying
           :
           That
           if
           she
           should
           happen
           to
           dye
           by
           the
           course
           of
           Nature
           ,
           in
           the
           present
           Circumstances
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           it
           would
           bring
           Ruin
           upon
           England
           :
           That
           they
           had
           no
           hopes
           of
           any
           Prosperity
           after
           her
           Death
           ,
           unless
           the
           Certainty
           of
           the
           Succession
           were
           fixed
           by
           her
           .
           If
           she
           should
           leave
           this
           to
           be
           determined
           after
           her
           Death
           ,
           in
           that
           flagrant
           desire
           men
           had
           of
           obtaining
           the
           Sovereignty
           ,
           there
           might
           many
           ill
           things
           be
           done
           and
           suffered
           ,
           which
           would
           augment
           the
           Sorrows
           of
           
           her
           People
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           so
           good
           a
           Prince
           :
           Therefore
           they
           most
           earnestly
           ,
           and
           with
           one
           Voice
           ,
           and
           united
           Tears
           and
           Sighs
           intreated
           her
           ,
           That
           in
           her
           present
           Circumstances
           she
           would
           take
           care
           of
           the
           Common
           Safety
           of
           her
           People
           after
           her
           Death
           ;
           and
           that
           she
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           remember
           ,
           That
           so
           many
           of
           the
           Lives
           of
           her
           Subjects
           would
           be
           exposed
           to
           the
           utmost
           hazard
           if
           she
           died
           without
           Naming
           her
           Successor
           .
           To
           which
           she
           lovingly
           and
           modestly
           replied
           ,
           
             That
             if
             she
             died
             of
             this
             sickness
             ,
             the
             Kingdom
             would
             not
             want
             a
             Defender
             ,
             but
             would
             be
             in
             the
             same
             state
             of
             quiet
             .
             Nottingham
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Admiral
          
           replied
           ,
           
             Whom
             do
             your
             Majesty
             mean
          
           ?
           She
           looking
           thereupon
           steadily
           on
           all
           that
           were
           then
           present
           ,
           said
           ,
           I
           mean
           
             James
             King
             Of
          
           Scotland
           ,
           
             my
             Dearest
             Kinsman
             ,
             and
             the
             Right
             Heir
             to
          
           Henry
           the
           VIIth
           .
           This
           cheared
           all
           that
           were
           present
           ,
           and
           she
           persisted
           constantly
           in
           this
           to
           her
           last
           Breath
           ,
           That
           he
           was
           her
           undoubted
           Heir
           .
        
         
           When
           she
           had
           said
           this
           ,
           and
           recommended
           
           her
           Name
           and
           Memory
           to
           her
           Nobility
           ,
           she
           cast
           off
           all
           the
           Cares
           of
           this
           Life
           ,
           and
           betook
           her self
           wholly
           to
           the
           acts
           of
           Piety
           and
           Devotion
           ;
           she
           
           sent
           also
           for
           the
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           a
           Learned
           ,
           Pious
           ,
           and
           Moderate
           Prelate
           ,
           who
           was
           then
           the
           Guide
           of
           her
           Conscience
           ,
           and
           whose
           Salutary
           Advices
           she
           always
           much
           esteemed
           and
           gladly
           embraced
           .
           When
           this
           great
           and
           good
           man
           came
           to
           her
           ,
           he
           admonished
           her
           to
           consider
           the
           Imperfection
           of
           the
           Human
           Nature
           ,
           and
           therefore
           advised
           her
           to
           place
           all
           her
           Hopes
           in
           the
           Merits
           of
           Christ.
           She
           replied
           with
           some
           
           difficulty
           of
           breathing
           or
           speaking
           ,
           That
           
             she
             was
             weary
             of
             this
             miserable
             Life
             ,
             which
             was
             subject
             to
             so
             many
             Calamities
             and
             Dangers
             :
          
           That
           
             from
             her
             Soul
             she
             desired
             to
             pass
             to
             that
             Eternal
             Light
             which
             overflowed
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             Felicity
             ;
             and
             was
             hastning
             to
             her
             Heavenly
             Countrey
             ,
             to
             the
             Presence
             of
             her
             good
             Saviour
             ,
             and
             into
             his
             holy
             Arms.
          
           When
           the
           Bishop
           had
           ended
           his
           prudent
           and
           holy
           Exhortation
           ,
           she
           turned
           her
           a
           little
           ,
           and
           laying
           her
           Head
           upon
           her
           Right
           Arm
           ,
           she
           composed
           her self
           as
           it
           were
           to
           her
           Last
           Long
           Sleep
           ,
           with
           a
           Quiet
           Mind
           ,
           and
           a
           Composed
           Countenance
           ;
           nor
           were
           her
           Last
           Moments
           unlike
           the
           rest
           of
           her
           Life
           ,
           but
           it
           appeared
           by
           the
           motions
           of
           her
           Hand
           and
           Eyes
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           spent
           in
           the
           acts
           of
           Devotion
           and
           Mental
           Prayer
           .
           
           Thus
           being
           at
           last
           wholly
           spent
           ,
           she
           quietly
           yielded
           up
           her
           Soul
           to
           God
           ,
           the
           
           24th
           .
           of
           March
           ,
           about
           Midnight
           ,
           in
           the
           year
           of
           our
           Lord
           1602.
           in
           her
           Palace
           of
           Richmond
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           Chamber
           Henry
           the
           VIIth
           .
           her
           Grandfather
           died
           in
           .
           She
           called
           this
           Royal
           Palace
           the
           Warm
           Box
           to
           which
           she
           could
           best
           trust
           her
           sickly
           Old
           Age
           ;
           and
           she
           was
           now
           come
           hither
           to
           avoid
           the
           over-sharp
           Winter
           .
           She
           was
           a
           little
           less
           than
           Seventy
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           she
           had
           Reigned
           Forty
           four
           Years
           ,
           Four
           Months
           ,
           and
           Seven
           Days
           .
           Thus
           died
           this
           Illustrious
           Queen
           ,
           which
           was
           not
           only
           the
           Greatest
           and
           the
           Best
           Woman
           of
           the
           times
           in
           which
           she
           lived
           ,
           but
           equal
           ,
           if
           not
           superior
           ,
           to
           any
           of
           her
           Predecessors
           ,
           in
           the
           Majesty
           of
           her
           Name
           ,
           or
           the
           Reverence
           that
           was
           paid
           to
           her
           by
           her
           Subjects
           and
           Neighbours
           ;
           in
           the
           Art
           of
           Governing
           ;
           in
           all
           the
           commendable
           Qualities
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           such
           as
           Council
           ,
           Policy
           ,
           Magnanimity
           in
           Misfortunes
           ,
           Moderation
           and
           Temperance
           in
           Prosperity
           ,
           Constancy
           in
           her
           Behaviour
           ,
           Maxims
           ,
           Friendship
           ,
           and
           Resolutions
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           the
           Glory
           that
           followed
           her
           ,
           and
           the
           Actions
           of
           her
           Reign
           was
           Incomparable
           .
           She
           was
           lamented
           by
           them
           that
           then
           
           lived
           ,
           with
           an
           unfeigned
           and
           an
           unexpressible
           Grief
           ;
           and
           the
           Memory
           of
           her
           Virtue
           ,
           Learning
           ,
           and
           Piety
           ,
           has
           remained
           fresh
           and
           flourishing
           in
           all
           the
           following
           Times
           ,
           and
           shall
           do
           so
           for
           ever
           .
           Her
           Words
           and
           Actions
           are
           in
           truth
           such
           as
           will
           render
           her
           Immortally
           Honourable
           ,
           be
           the
           Abilities
           of
           the
           Historians
           that
           shall
           truly
           represent
           the
           same
           what
           they
           will.
           
        
         
           So
           soon
           as
           it
           was
           known
           that
           she
           
           was
           dead
           ,
           the
           Court
           was
           filled
           with
           the
           Lamentations
           and
           sorrowful
           Sighs
           and
           Tears
           of
           her
           Courtiers
           and
           Subjects
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           greatest
           Loss
           that
           ever
           befel
           any
           men
           .
           There
           was
           never
           any
           where
           a
           greater
           ,
           a
           sincerer
           ,
           a
           more
           inconsolable
           Grief
           ,
           than
           that
           which
           then
           took
           possession
           of
           this
           Royal
           Palace
           ;
           nothing
           could
           stop
           the
           torrent
           of
           their
           Tears
           ,
           nothing
           could
           appease
           or
           soften
           their
           bitter
           Complaints
           .
           The
           Noble
           Ladies
           which
           by
           the
           Order
           of
           the
           Privy-Council
           were
           appointed
           to
           take
           Care
           of
           her
           Body
           ,
           were
           scarce
           able
           to
           bear
           the
           load
           of
           their
           Sorrows
           which
           oppressed
           them
           ,
           but
           lifted
           up
           their
           Hands
           and
           Eyes
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           implored
           the
           Mercy
           of
           God
           in
           this
           their
           Desolations
           and
           Affliction
           ;
           concluding
           ,
           without
           his
           powerful
           Assistance
           ,
           and
           
           favourable
           Interposition
           ,
           
             This
             Night
          
           would
           prove
           fatal
           to
           the
           English
           Nation
           ;
           and
           that
           nothing
           less
           than
           the
           Ruin
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           could
           be
           the
           consequence
           of
           so
           great
           and
           so
           deplorable
           a
           Loss
           as
           this
           .
           The
           Countess
           of
           Warwick
           ,
           a
           Lady
           of
           great
           Honour
           ,
           Virtue
           ,
           Piety
           ,
           Sanctity
           ,
           and
           intirely
           beloved
           by
           the
           Queen
           ,
           testified
           her
           sorrow
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           her
           Mistress
           in
           all
           the
           effects
           of
           an
           inconsolable
           Affliction
           ,
           and
           would
           never
           be
           induced
           to
           put
           off
           that
           mourning
           Habit
           she
           had
           put
           on
           upon
           this
           occasion
           .
           She
           performed
           all
           the
           Offices
           belonging
           to
           the
           Sepulture
           of
           the
           Queen
           with
           the
           utmost
           care
           ,
           piery
           and
           fidelity
           ,
           and
           by
           her
           Example
           taught
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Queen's
           Servants
           how
           they
           ought
           to
           behave
           themselves
           in
           this
           Mournful
           Affair
           .
           Those
           of
           the
           Noblemen
           who
           were
           present
           at
           the
           time
           of
           her
           death
           ,
           expressed
           their
           Sorrows
           in
           silent
           tears
           ,
           and
           a
           deep
           ,
           but
           grave
           sorrow
           .
           The
           meanest
           of
           her
           Servants
           were
           more
           noisy
           in
           their
           Lamentations
           ,
           and
           that
           Court
           became
           in
           a
           few
           hours
           a
           desolate
           place
           ,
           very
           few
           induring
           to
           stay
           in
           that
           place
           in
           which
           they
           had
           lost
           their
           good
           Mistress
           ,
           beneficent
           Sovereign
           ,
           and
           their
           great
           Benefactor
           .
        
         
         
           When
           Report
           had
           once
           spread
           the
           News
           of
           her
           Death
           in
           the
           City
           of
           London
           ,
           an
           incredible
           Sorrow
           and
           Lamentation
           both
           of
           the
           Citizens
           and
           Strangers
           was
           observed
           ,
           which
           spread
           it self
           to
           all
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           ,
           as
           the
           fame
           of
           her
           Death
           was
           communicated
           to
           them
           .
           But
           none
           more
           heartily
           deplored
           this
           loss
           than
           the
           HOLLANDERS
           ,
           who
           were
           thereby
           deprived
           of
           the
           
             Author
             of
             their
             Fortunes
             ;
             the
             Defender
             of
             their
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             the
             Preserver
             of
             their
             Peace
             and
             Safety
             .
          
           A
           Prince
           she
           was
           ,
           that
           would
           refuse
           no
           Labour
           ,
           no
           Expence
           ,
           no
           Hazard
           ,
           how
           great
           soever
           it
           were
           ,
           that
           the
           Protestants
           might
           live
           in
           peace
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           their
           Liberty
           ;
           and
           this
           and
           the
           many
           good
           Offices
           she
           had
           done
           to
           them
           and
           all
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           ,
           had
           made
           her
           Name
           so
           venerable
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           no
           easie
           Task
           for
           the
           Magistrates
           at
           home
           ,
           or
           abroad
           ,
           to
           keep
           the
           common
           People
           in
           any
           bounds
           in
           this
           their
           outragious
           Sorrows
           ;
           for
           almost
           all
           that
           heard
           it
           were
           of
           Opinion
           ,
           That
           worse
           Times
           would
           follow
           ,
           and
           that
           many
           and
           great
           Calamities
           would
           ensue
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Neighbour
           Nations
           .
        
         
           THE
           END
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28556-e5480
           
             The
             Birth
             and
             Parenrage
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             Her
             Education
             .
          
           
             Her
             Tutors
             in
             the
             Greek
             and
             Latin
             Tong●…e
             .
          
           
             Her
             Observations
             in
             Reading
             .
          
           
             G
             Grindal
             Her
             Tutor
             in
             Theology
             .
          
           
             She
             spoke
             French
             and
             Italian
             ,
             and
             understood
             many
             other
             European
             Tongues
             .
          
           
             Her
             Progress
             and
             Improvement
             under
             the
             Reign
             of
             Edward
             VI.
             
          
           
             The
             Untimely
             D●…th
             of
             Her
             B●…loved
             Brother
             〈◊〉
             VI.
             
          
           
             And
             the
             Succession
             of
             Q.
             Mary
             .
          
           
             The
             Princess
             Elizabeth
             a
             sorrowful
             Spectator
             of
             the
             Popish
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             She
             was
             hated
             by
             the
             P.
             Bishop●…
             for
             Her
             Religion
             .
          
           
             Her
             Life
             was
             saved
             by
             King
             Philip.
             
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             Queen
             Mary
             .
          
           
             The
             Nation
             divided
             into
             Factions
             .
          
           
             Calais
             newly
             lost
             .
          
           
             S●…e
             at
             first
             dissembled
             b●…r
             Religion
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             P●…ime
             Counsellors
             .
          
           
             C●…cil
             and
             Bacon
             her
             Prime
             Ministers
             .
          
           
             She
             dissembled
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             She
             makes
             a
             Peace
             with
             France
             ,
             and
             resolves
             on
             a
             War
             with
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             Treaty
             of
             Cambray
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             Plea
             against
             the
             Restitution
             of
             Calais
             .
          
           
             She
             resolved
             to
             resorm
             the
             Religion
             .
          
           
             The
             contending
             Religions
             equally
             ballanced
             .
          
           
             Her
             first
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             *
             I
             do
             not
             remember
             that
             I
             have
             read
             elsewhere
             this
             Order
             for
             burning
             the
             Popish
             Books
             .
          
           
             The
             Complaints
             of
             the
             Popish
             Bishops
             .
          
           
             The
             Reformation
             estab●ished
             .
          
           
             The
             Miseries
             of
             Scotland
             in
             the
             Reform●…tion
             .
          
           
             The
             Happines●…
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             Her
             Care
             to
             settle
             Pious
             and
             Learned
             Bishops
             and
             Clergymen
             .
          
           
             And
             to
             curb
             the
             immoderate
             liberty
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Dissenters
             .
          
           
             Anabaptists
             discovered
             .
          
           
             Two
             of
             which
             were
             burnt
             .
          
           
             The
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Conventicles
             suppressed
             .
          
           
             The
             Behaviour
             of
             Pope
             Pius
             IV.
             
          
           
             The
             Council
             of
             Trent
             recalled
             .
          
           
             The
             Plea
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Princes
             against
             it
             .
          
           
             Martiningo
             sent
             Nuncio
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             And
             rejected
             by
             theQueen
             .
          
           
             The
             Popish
             Party
             well
             disposed
             to
             rebel
             .
          
           
             The
             Settlement
             of
             the
             Civil
             State
             taken
             into
             consideration
             .
          
           
             The
             Money
             reduced
             to
             the
             old
             Standard
             .
          
           
             The
             Security
             of
             the
             Nation
             providently
             taken
             care
             for
             .
          
           
             Maga●…ines
             and
             Naval
             Stores
             provided
             .
          
           
             LargeShips
             of
             War
             built
             .
          
           
             The
             means
             by
             which
             she
             improved
             and
             enriched
             her
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             Laws
             and
             Orders
             made
             for
             the
             publick
             good
             of
             her
             people
             .
          
           
             The
             Bishops
             and
             Commons
             favoured
             ,
             as
             a
             Balance
             to
             the
             Nobility
             .
          
           
             She
             f●…oured
             her
             Kindred
             ,
             and
             advanced
             them
             .
          
           
             Her
             advice
             to
             the
             Nobility
             .
          
           
             Her
             care
             to
             change
             or
             abolish
             evil
             Customs
             and
             Laws
             of
             former
             times
             .
          
           
             1559.
             
             The
             Parliament
             Address
             to
             the
             Queen
             to
             Marry
             .
          
           
             Which
             she
             refused
             .
             and
             in
             a
             set
             Speech
             told
             them
             ,
             she
             resolved
             to
             live
             in
             Celebacy
             .
          
           
             Her
             wonderful
             Temperance
             and
             Chastity
             .
          
           
             The
             Princes
             and
             Great
             men
             that
             Cou●…ted
             her
             
          
           
             *
             In
             1560.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             1560.
             
          
           
             †
             In
             1568.
             
          
           
             ⸫
             In
             1574.
             
          
           
             By
             
               degrees
               she
               became
               more
               averse
            
             to
             Marriage
             than
             the
             seemed
             at
             first
             to
             be
             .
          
           
             The
             character
             of
             the
             the
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             ,
          
           
             She
             Prefer'd
             him
             in
             Title
             and
             estate
             ,
             and
             advanced
             his
             Brother
             .
          
           
             The
             ill
             effects
             of
             Luxury
             .
          
           
             His
             designs
             in
             debauching
             the
             Nobility
             .
          
           
             Anno
             1583.
             
          
           
             Leicester
             recommends
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             to
             the
             Queen
             .
          
           
             The
             Actions
             of
             that
             Earl
             in
             Holland
             .
          
           
             His
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             very
             much
             oppressed
             by
             the
             Inf●…my
             and
             Villanies
             of
             Leicester
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             
               Thomas
               Ratcliff
            
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Sussex
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             Sir
             
               William
               Cecil
            
             ,
             afterward
             Lord
             Burleigh
             .
          
           
             The
             Earl
             of
             Sussex
             sent
             Ambassador
             to
             the
             Emperor
             .
          
           
             The
             Ruin
             of
             Leicester
             .
          
           
             HisDeath
             and
             Dishonour
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             the
             Lord
             Willoughby
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             Sir
             
               Francis
               Walsingham
            
             .
          
           
             Burleigh
             made
             Lord
             Treasurer
             for
             his
             Virtue
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             and
             Story
             of
             Mary
             Queen
             of
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             Sir
             
               N.
               Throgmorton
            
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             desirous
             of
             a
             War
             with
             England
             .
          
           
             T●…rogmorton
             kindles
             the
             Civil
             Wars
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             design
             to
             improve
             their
             Interest
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             to
             the
             Ruin
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             Scotch
             complain
             ,
             and
             arm
             against
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             French
             retire
             to
             Leith
             .
          
           
             The
             Scots
             send
             into
             England
             for
             assistance
             .
          
           
             A
             Fleet
             sent
             into
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             And
             an
             Army
             ,
             which
             besieged
             Leith
             .
          
           
             Leith
             dismantled
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Civil
             War
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             Francis
             II
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             Mary
             Queen
             of
             the
             Sco●…s
             Marrieth
             .
          
           
             James
             1.
             borr
             .
          
           
             The
             beginni●…g
             of
             the
             Mi●…ortunes
             of
             Mary
             Qu.
             of
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             Her
             Impri●…onment
             at
             Carl●…
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             Letter
             to
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             upon
             her
             first
             Landing
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             Thi●…d
             Letter
             .
          
           
             The
             deplo●…ble
             state
             of
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             earth
             .
          
           
             The
             Difficulties
             attending
             the
             keeping
             or
             dismissing
             the
             Queen
             os
             the
             Scots
             .
          
           
             A
             Resolution
             taken
             to
             detain
             her
             as
             a
             Prisoner
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             The
             Queen
             of
             England
             not
             acted
             by
             a
             spirit
             of
             Jealousie
             and
             Revenge
             .
          
           
             Mildmay
             sent
             into
             Scotland
             to
             threaten
             the
             Regent
             .
          
           
             Murray
             upon
             Q.
             Elizabeth's
             threats
             comes
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             Q
             Elizabeth
             durst
             not
             restore
             the
             Qu.
             of
             the
             Scots
             to
             her
             Throne
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             prevailed
             upon
             to
             put
             the
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             upon
             her
             Trial.
             
          
           
             The
             Trial
             of
             the
             Q.
             of
             the
             Scots
             .
          
           
             Hatton's
             wheedling
             Speech
             .
          
           
             The
             Speech
             censured
             .
          
           
             Foreign
             Princes
             ,
             and
             the
             Popish
             Priests
             guilty
             of
             the
             Murther
             of
             the
             Q.
             of
             the
             Scots
             .
          
           
             Pins
             V
             Excommunicates
             the
             Qu
             and
             absolves
             all
             her
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             Thereupon
             followed
             Rebellions
             and
             Insurrections
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             E.
             of
             Northumberland
             leads
             the
             way
             .
          
           
             And
             is
             followed
             by
             the
             E.
             of
             Westmorland
             .
          
           
             Northumberland
             taken
             in
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             Westmorland
             fled
             into
             Flanders
             .
          
           
             The
             Causes
             of
             the
             Miscarriage
             of
             this
             Insurrection
             .
          
           
             The
             Calamities
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Northumberland
             .
          
           
             The
             Earl
             of
             Sussex
             prosecutes
             the
             Rebels
             with
             great
             Severity
             .
          
           
             Another
             Rebellion
             springeth
             out
             of
             this
             .
          
           
             The
             Duke
             of
             Norfolk
             the
             secret
             Head
             of
             these
             Rebellions
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             the
             D.
             of
             Norf●…
          
           
             After
             these
             Rebellions
             followed
             a
             shoal
             of
             Treasons
             and
             Conspiracies
             .
          
           
             Which
             occasioned
             the
             Acts
             of
             P.
             against
             the
             
               Recusants
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Colleges
             of
             the
             Jesuits
             opene
             lin
             Eanders
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             And
             called
             Seminaries
             .
          
           
             Parson
             and
             Campian
             the
             two
             first
             
               Seminary
               Priests
            
             sent
             into
             England
             .
          
           
             Parry's
             Conspiracy
             against
             the
             Queen
             .
          
           
             Babington's
             Conspiracy
             .
          
           
             His
             Character
             .
          
           
             Savage
             sent
             to
             assassinate
             the
             Q●…en
             .
          
           
             The
             Persons
             in
             Babington's
             Conspiracy
             .
          
           
             Babington
             the
             great
             Actor
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             This
             Conspiracy
             proved
             fatal
             to
             the
             Queen
             of
             the
             Scots
             .
          
           
             A
             Justification
             of
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             against
             the
             Reproaches
             of
             the
             Papists
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             has
             a
             plentiful
             Supply
             given
             her
             in
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             She
             dischargeth
             a
             Part
             of
             what
             was
             granted
             by
             her
             Proclamation
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             send
             Lopez
             and
             two
             others
             to
             murther
             the
             Queen
             .
          
           
             
               Cullin
               ,
               York
            
             ,
             and
             Williams
             ,
             sent
             from
             Flanders
             on
             the
             same
             Errand
             .
          
           
             And
             executed
             in
             1595.
             
          
           
             She
             spared
             none
             of
             those
             who
             fell
             into
             her
             hands
             .
          
           
             A
             Digression
             concerning
             
               William
               Parry
            
             .
          
           
             Parry's
             Confession
             .
          
           
             His
             Design
             discovered
             by
             one
             Nevil
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen's
             Severity
             to
             these
             Conspirators
             made
             her
             terrible
             to
             the
             English
             Papists
             .
          
           
             But
             it
             was
             God
             that
             preserved
             her
             .
          
           
             There
             has
             been
             but
             one
             Protestant
             Prince
             Murthered
             since
             the
             Reformation
             ,
             by
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Civil
             War
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             third
             Civil
             War
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             She
             sends
             100000
             Crowns
             ,
             and
             great
             Stores
             of
             Arms
             and
             Ammunition
             into
             〈◊〉
             to
             the
             Protestants
             .
          
           
             A
             Reflection
             concerning
             Passive
             Obedience
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             France
             laboureth
             to
             divide
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             without
             Success
             .
          
           
             The
             true
             Causes
             of
             this
             and
             the
             other
             Civil
             Wars
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             of
             England
             preserv'd
             the
             Protestants
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             beginning
             of
             the
             Low-Countrey
             War.
             
          
           
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             treacherously
             granted
             ,
             and
             re-called
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Spa●…n
             enraged
             at
             the
             Edict
             for
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             design
             to
             settle
             an
             Absolute
             and
             Arbitrary
             Government
             in
             the
             N●…therlands
             .
          
           
             The
             Regent
             grows
             severe
             against
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             on
             various
             pretences
             .
          
           
             Valenciennes
             commanded
             to
             receive
             a
             Garison
             .
          
           
             The
             rest
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             petition
             for
             a
             General
             Assembly
             of
             the
             States
             .
          
           
             The
             Design●…
             of
             Spain
             discovered
             to
             the
             Nobility
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             .
          
           
             The
             Discovery
             at
             the
             first
             only
             terrified
             and
             divided
             them
             .
          
           
             Valenciens
             besieged
             .
          
           
             A
             bloody
             Persecution
             against
             the
             P●…otestants
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             .
          
           
             The
             Breakers
             of
             Images
             not
             put
             upon
             it
             by
             the
             Reformed
             .
          
           
             The
             use
             Spain
             designed
             to
             make
             of
             this
             Disorder
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Alva
             .
          
           
             He
             comes
             into
             Fland●…rs
             .
          
           
             The
             Council
             of
             Blood
             setled
             .
          
           
             Their
             Rules
             .
          
           
             The
             Counts
             of
             Egmont
             and
             Hoorne
             the
             first
             they
             seized
             .
          
           
             And
             after
             them
             vast
             numbtrs
             of
             the
             meaner
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             These
             Proceedings
             alarm
             all
             the
             Protestants
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             They
             fly
             into
             England
             ,
             and
             set
             up
             many
             Manufactures
             .
          
           
             The
             Conduct
             of
             this
             Prince
             considered
             .
          
           
             The
             reasons
             which
             mov'd
             the
             Queen
             of
             England
             to
             oppose
             the
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             follow
             the
             Example
             of
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             He
             com-plains
             to
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             of
             her
             Harbouring
             the
             Netherland
             Pyrates
             .
          
           
             They
             seize
             the
             Sea-Ports
             of
             Holland
             and
             Zealand
             .
          
           
             Which
             was
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             
               United
               Provinces
            
             .
          
           
             ☞
             
          
           
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             undertakes
             the
             Protection
             of
             her
             oppressedNeighbours
             .
          
           
             French
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             A
             Private
             League
             between
             France
             and
             Spain
             against
             the
             Protestants
             .
          
           
             Henry
             III.
             succeeds
             in
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             D.
             of
             Guise
             designs
             against
             that
             Prince
             .
          
           
             An
             Account
             of
             the
             House
             of
             Guise
             .
          
           
             The
             Reasons
             why
             Hen.
             III.
             was
             to
             be
             Deposed
             ,
             and
             Henry
             IV.
             Excluded
             .
          
           
             Henry
             III.
             slain
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             Mother
             of
             France
             dieth
             of
             Grief
             .
          
           
             Queen
             Elizabeth
             assists
             Henry
             IV.
             with
             Men
             and
             Money
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             invade
             Britagne
             ,
             a
             Province
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             assists
             the
             French
             against
             these
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             Spain
             invaded
             by
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             They
             take
             the
             Groyne
             .
          
           
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             stole
             away
             from
             the
             Court
             ,
             and
             served
             as
             a
             Volunteer
             in
             this
             Expedition
             .
          
           
             The
             Actions
             of
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             Expedition
             into
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Cadiz
             taken
             by
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             The
             loss
             the
             Spaniard
             sustained
             .
          
           
             The
             Affairs
             of
             Ireland
             in
             her
             time
             .
          
           
             Ulster
             the
             first
             Provencethat
             Rebelled
             against
             her
             .
          
           
             A
             Quarrel
             between
             Ormond
             and
             Desmond
             .
          
           
             The
             Pope
             and
             King
             of
             Spain
             interested
             in
             the
             Irish
             War.
             
          
           
             Fitz-Morris
             and
             Sanders
             invade
             Ireland
             with
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             The
             Deputy
             for
             his
             good
             Service
             ,
             slandered
             in
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             difficulty
             of
             Administring
             Justice
             and
             Mercy
             seasonably
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               John
               Perrot
            
             ,
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             New
             Colonies
             of
             English
             sent
             into
             Munster
             .
          
           
             The
             Irish
             complain
             of
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             The
             English
             complain
             of
             the
             Lord
             Deputy
             .
          
           
             Fitz-Williams
             Character
             .
          
           
             The
             College
             of
             Dublin
             finished
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             Colonies
             keep
             Ireland
             quiet
             a
             while
             .
          
           
             Part
             of
             the
             
               Spanish
               Armada
            
             shipwracked
             on
             the
             Coast
             of
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             
               Hugh
               Roe
            
             wrongfully
             murthered
             by
             the
             Deputy
             .
          
           
             The
             Rise
             of
             Hugh
             O
             Neale
             ,
             Earl
             of
             Tyrone
             .
          
           
             He
             aspires
             to
             be
             King
             of
             Ulster
             .
          
           
             Tyrone
             made
             a
             County
             ;
             which
             occasioned
             Neal's
             Rebellion
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               William
               Russel
            
             made
             Lord
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             under
             whom
             
               O
               Neal
            
             broke
             into
             a
             Rebellion
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               John
               Norris
            
             sent
             into
             Ireland
             with
             3000
             men
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             this
             Great
             Man.
             
          
           
             The
             Irish
             become
             very
             expert
             in
             the
             use
             of
             Arms.
             
          
           
             Tyrone's
             Pretences
             to
             the
             Deputy
             .
          
           
             The
             Deputy
             offended
             with
             Tyrone
             .
          
           
             The
             Lord
             Burroughs
             made
             Deputy
             of
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             The
             Council
             of
             Ireland
             represent
             the
             Irish
             War
             as
             an
             universal
             Rebellion
             of
             that
             whole
             Nation
             .
          
           
             Tyrone
             beat
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             And
             at
             the
             same
             time
             treats
             with
             England
             and
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             Earl
             of
             Essex
             sent
             Deputy
             .
          
           
             The
             Army
             under
             Essex
             20000
             men
             .
          
           
             The
             Lord
             Montjoy
             sent
             Deputy
             .
             The
             Methods
             by
             which
             he
             ruined
             the
             Irish
             ,
             and
             ended
             the
             War.
             
          
           
             No
             Irish
             pardoned
             ,
             but
             what
             merited
             the
             Mercy
             by
             some
             signal
             Service
             .
          
           
             The
             Spaniards
             land
             at
             Kingsale
             .
          
           
             The
             Irish
             reduced
             to
             eat
             man's
             flesh
             .
          
           
             Tyrone
             submits
             .
          
           
             Religion
             causlesly
             made
             the
             pretence
             of
             the
             Irish
             Rebellion
             .
          
           
             Liberty
             of
             Conscience
             considered
             .
          
           
             The
             Greatness
             of
             the
             Reputation
             of
             the
             English
             Nation
             in
             Q.
             Elizabeth's
             time
             .
          
           
             Her
             Carriage
             towards
             her
             Allies
             abroad
             .
          
           
             Sir
             Drake's
             Original
             and
             Story
             .
          
           
             The
             Story
             of
             
               John
               Oxenham
            
             .
          
           
             Drake's
             second
             Voyage
             to
             America
             .
          
           
             He
             takes
             St.
             Jago
             .
          
           
             He
             sails
             for
             the
             Nolucca
             Islands
             .
          
           
             The
             Story
             of
             Mr.
             
               Thomas
               Cavendish
            
             .
          
           
             Hackluit
             records
             and
             publishes
             all
             the
             English
             Expeditions
             in
             these
             and
             former
             times
             .
          
           
             Philip
             King
             of
             Spain
             highly
             incensed
             against
             the
             English
             Nation
             .
          
           
             The
             Invincible
             Armado
             in
             1588.
             prepared
             and
             sent
             to
             invade
             Enggland
             .
          
           
             Charles
             Lord
             Howard
             Admiral
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             The
             Condition
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Fleet
             ,
             when
             the
             English
             left
             it
             :
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Spain
             bears
             his
             Loss
             with
             much
             Patience
             and
             Prudence
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             and
             Hollanders
             glorifie
             God
             for
             the
             Victory
             .
          
           
             The
             Queen
             declares
             a
             War
             against
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             English
             Expeditions
             against
             that
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             The
             Earl
             of
             Cumberland
             put
             out
             a
             Fleet
             against
             Spain
             at
             his
             own
             Cost
             .
          
           
             A
             rare
             Example
             of
             Martial
             Valour
             and
             Courage
             .
          
           
             Complaints
             made
             to
             her
             of
             the
             Depredations
             of
             the
             English
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             A
             Reflection
             concerning
             Proclamations
             .
          
           
             The
             Hanse
             Towns
             very
             clamorous
             against
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             The
             Trade
             of
             the
             English
             prohibited
             in
             Germany
             .
          
           
             She
             takes
             away
             the
             Stillyard
             from
             the
             
               Easter
               lings
            
             or
             Germans
             .
          
           
             Poland
             continues
             the
             Trade
             with
             the
             English.
             
          
           
             The
             Embassy
             into
             Muscovy
             p.
             213
             
          
           
             She
             ends
             a
             War
             between
             the
             Russians
             and
             Swedes
             .
          
           
             Her
             Laws
             for
             the
             Enriching
             of
             her
             Subjects
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             The
             Purveyers
             reformed
             .
          
           
             As
             also
             the
             Concealers
             .
          
           
             Her
             Severity
             to
             her
             Judges
             and
             Governors
             .
          
           
             Usury
             mitigated
             .
          
           
             The
             Customs
             carefully
             looked
             after
             .
          
           
             Monopoly
             suppress'd
             .
          
           
             Informers
             and
             Promoters
             carefully
             inquired
             into
             .
          
           
             She
             detested
             multitude
             of
             Suits
             .
          
           
             Her
             Admonition
             to
             the
             Judges
             .
          
           
             The
             licentious
             liberty
             of
             the
             Theatre
             restrained
             .
          
           
             The
             Calamities
             and
             Misfortunes
             that
             hapned
             in
             her
             Times
             .
          
           
             Her
             Care
             of
             ,
             and
             Kindness
             to
             her
             good
             Magistrates
             .
          
           
             Her
             Care
             of
             the
             Poor
             .
          
           
             Her
             affectionate
             and
             tender
             Care
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             Her
             Stature
             and
             Personal
             Accomplishments
             .
          
           
             In
             her
             Old
             Age
             she
             was
             offended
             at
             the
             Decay
             of
             her
             Beauty
             .
          
           
             Adulation
             sometimes
             used
             to
             her
             .
          
           
             The
             Flatteries
             of
             learned
             men
             noted
             .
          
           
             She
             endeavoured
             at
             first
             to
             raise
             a
             good
             opinion
             of
             her self
             in
             her
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             Which
             by
             degrees
             brought
             her
             to
             love
             Flattery
             .
          
           
             Crafty
             men
             wrought
             upon
             this
             her
             Infirmity
             .
          
           
             She
             understood
             Preacliing
             very
             well
             ,
             and
             loved
             Severe
             and
             Grave
             men
             .
          
           
             But
             curbed
             the
             Fiery
             ,
             Turbulent
             Preachers
             .
          
           
             She
             loved
             Religion
             ,
             but
             hated
             Factions
             .
          
           
             Her
             Devotion
             in
             the
             Publick
             Service
             of
             God.
             
          
           
             She
             exposed
             her
             Life
             for
             the
             Safety
             of
             the
             Church
             .
          
           
             She
             humoured
             and
             caressed
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             Parliaments
             frequently
             held
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             most
             part
             well
             tempered
             .
          
           
             Her
             Maxim
             concerning
             War
             and
             Peace
             .
          
           
             She
             would
             never
             arm
             the
             meanest
             of
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             The
             Honours
             belonging
             to
             the
             Peerage
             ,
             carefully
             given
             .
          
           
             Her
             care
             in
             chusing
             good
             Councellors
             ,
             Bishops
             ,
             Judges
             and
             Ministers
             .
          
           
             Her
             Justice
             ,
             and
             Veracity
             ,
             and
             Severity
             to
             Offenders
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               John
               Perrot
            
             an
             Instance
             of
             her
             Severity
             .
          
           
             Her
             very
             Severity
             to
             Offenders
             made
             her
             the
             more
             beloved
             by
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             Her
             Justice
             .
          
           
             She
             was
             sparing
             in
             her
             personal
             Expences
             ,
             but
             magnificant
             in
             her
             publick
             Actions
             .
          
           
             She
             was
             too
             sparing
             in
             her
             Rewards
             ,
             especially
             to
             the
             Sword-men
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               Philip
               Sidney
            
             much
             lamented
             .
          
           
             She
             shewed
             great
             respect
             to
             the
             memory
             of
             the
             meanest
             Soldier
             that
             perished
             in
             her
             Service
             .
          
           
             But
             was
             not
             liberal
             to
             the
             Great
             men
             ,
             which
             had
             an
             ill
             effect
             .
          
           
             The
             Praises
             of
             Henry
             VII
             .
          
           
             Her
             Bounty
             to
             the
             Earl
             of
             Oxford
             ,
             and
             some
             few
             others
             of
             the
             Nobility
             .
          
           
             And
             her
             Severity
             towards
             Luxurious
             Spend-thrifts
             .
          
           
             Her
             Favours
             to
             Anthony
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             †
             This
             Anthony
             is
             by
             all
             confessed
             to
             have
             been
             a
             Bastard
             of
             the
             former
             King's
             .
          
           
             Ursino
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Bracciano
             .
          
           
             She
             never
             Knighted
             any
             but
             men
             of
             Virtue
             and
             good
             Estate
             .
          
           
             The
             Peerage
             well
             and
             sparingly
             given
             .
          
           
             The
             Noble
             Order
             of
             the
             Garter
             prudently
             given
             .
          
           
             The
             Choice
             of
             her
             Servants
             ,
             Officers
             and
             Min
             isters
             .
          
           
             Her
             kindness
             to
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Church-men
             .
          
           
             She
             loved
             Sir
             
               F.
               Walsingham
            
             herSecretary
             .
          
           
             Sir
             
               Nicholas
               Bacon
               ,
               Egerton
               ,
               Popham
               ,
            
             but
             above
             all
             the
             Lord
             Burleigh
             and
             Howard
             .
          
           
             Her
             Habit
             in
             Publick
             and
             in
             Private
             .
          
           
             Her
             Furniture
             .
          
           
             Her
             Diet
             in
             Publick
             and
             in
             Private
             .
          
           
             Aligophore
             .
          
           
             The
             Splendor
             and
             Divertisements
             of
             the
             Court.
             
          
           
             Her
             private
             way
             ofliving
             .
          
           
             Her
             Studies
             .
          
           
             Her
             Summer
             Progress
             ,
             and
             catriage
             towards
             her
             People
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             Winter
             she
             spent
             in
             London
             .
          
           
             Her
             Diet
             in
             Summer
             and
             Winter
             .
          
           
             Her
             Diversions
             and
             private
             Conversation
             .
          
           
             She
             was
             subject
             to
             be
             violently
             angry
             .
          
           
             Her
             Severity
             ,
             and
             especially
             to
             the
             Queen
             of
             Scots
             .
          
           
             Her
             Severity
             to
             Leicester
             and
             Hatton
             .
          
           
             Hatton's
             Death
             .
          
           
             The
             Provocations
             she
             met
             with
             were
             many
             and
             great
             .
          
           
             The
             Character
             of
             Sanders
             and
             others
             who
             defamed
             her
             .
          
           
             Dydimus
             Veridicus
             .
          
           
             
               Florimond
               Remond
               ,
               a
               French
            
             Writer
             .
          
           
             
               George
               Conc
            
             ,
             a
             Scot.
             
          
           
             Her
             last
             Sickness
             .
          
           
             Her
             last
             Words
             to
             her
             Council
             .
          
           
             She
             nominated
             her
             Successor
             .
          
           
             She
             spent
             the
             last
             Moments
             of
             her
             Life
             wholly
             in
             Devotion
             .
          
           
             Her
             last
             Words
             to
             the
             Archbishop
             .
          
           
             And
             her
             Death
             .
          
           
             The
             Sorrow
             for
             her
             Death
             .