The soveraignty of the British seas proved by records, history, and the municipall lawes of this kingdome / written in the yeare 1633, by that learned knight, Sr John Boroughs ...
         Borough, John, Sir, d. 1643.
      
       
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         ESTC R10587
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             The soveraignty of the British seas proved by records, history, and the municipall lawes of this kingdome / written in the yeare 1633, by that learned knight, Sr John Boroughs ...
             Borough, John, Sir, d. 1643.
          
           [10], 165 p.
           
             Printed for Humphrey Moseley ...,
             London :
             1651.
          
           
             This item is identified as Wing B6129 at reel 885:20 and as Wing B3774 at reel 976:3 (number cancelled in Wing 2nd ed.).
             Reproduction of originals in British Library and Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Sea-power.
           Great Britain -- History, Naval -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A30617  R10587  (Wing B6129).  civilwar no The soveraignty of the British seas. Proved by records, history, and the municipall lawes of this kingdome. Written in the yeare 1633. By th Borough, John, Sir 1651    13999 5 15 0 0 0 0 14 C  The  rate of 14 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           THE
           SOVERAIGNTY
           of
           the
           
             BRITISH
             SEAS
             .
          
        
         
           
             Proved
          
           By
           Records
           ,
           History
           ,
           and
           the
           Municipall
           Lawes
           of
           this
           
             KINGDOME
             .
          
        
         
           Written
           in
           the
           yeare
           1633.
           
        
         
           
             By
             that
             Learned
             Knight
             ,
             Sr
          
           JOHN
           BOROUGHS
           ,
           Keeper
           of
           the
           Records
           in
           the
           Tower
           of
           
             London
             .
          
        
         
           
             London
             ,
          
           Printed
           for
           
             Humphrey
             Moseley
             ,
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           his
           Shop
           at
           the
           
             Princes
             Armes
          
           in
           St
           Pauls
           Church-yard
           .
           1651.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           BE
           not
           startled
           to
           see
           so
           great
           a
           subject
           handled
           in
           so
           small
           a
           Volume
           .
           When
           you
           have
           read
           but
           a
           little
           of
           this
           little
           ,
           you
           'll
           thinke
           the
           
           
             Authour
          
           was
           tender
           of
           
             your
          
           trouble
           but
           not
           of
           his
           
             own
             .
          
           For
           (
           how
           cheape
           soever
           you
           come
           by
           this
           Book
           )
           it
           cost
           the
           
             Author
          
           the
           perusall
           and
           search
           of
           the
           best
           ,
           and
           most
           
             Records
          
           of
           our
           Nation
           .
           And
           yet
           hee
           was
           one
           that
           knew
           well
           
           enough
           how
           to
           value
           his
           time
           ;
           for
           none
           made
           better
           use
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           (
           in
           these
           kinds
           of
           Scrutinies
           )
           you
           may
           beleeve
           he
           went
           the
           
             best
             way
             ,
          
           because
           hee
           knew
           them
           
             all
             ,
          
           and
           trod
           them
           every
           day
           ;
           it
           being
           his
           
             Office
          
           not
           to
           be
           ignorant
           of
           any
           
           
             Records
          
           that
           concern'd
           the
           
             Honour
          
           or
           
             Antiquitie
          
           of
           this
           
             Island
             .
          
           It
           was
           written
           at
           the
           request
           of
           a
           
             great
             Person
             ,
          
           who
           desir'd
           to
           understand
           the
           true
           State
           of
           the
           Question
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Dominion
           of
           
             the
             British
             Seas
             ,
          
           
           as
           well
           what
           
             Histories
          
           as
           our
           own
           
             Records
          
           would
           afford
           .
           And
           here
           't
           is
           done
           in
           a
           little
           roome
           ;
           for
           the
           
             Author
          
           was
           able
           to
           speake
           
             fully
             ,
          
           and
           
             briefly
          
           both
           at
           once
           .
           Some
           others
           have
           written
           of
           the
           same
           Subject
           ;
           and
           if
           wee
           thought
           
           any
           spake
           more
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           ,
           in
           so
           short
           compasse
           ,
           wee
           should
           forbeare
           the
           publication
           of
           this
           .
           Wee
           are
           borne
           in
           an
           
             Island
             ,
          
           and
           cannot
           goe
           out
           of
           it
           without
           asking
           leave
           of
           the
           
             Sea
          
           and
           
             Winde
             ;
          
           and
           not
           to
           know
           what
           Right
           we
           have
           to
           
           that
           Water
           which
           divides
           us
           from
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           is
           something
           ill
           becoming
           such
           as
           can
           read
           ,
           and
           may
           know
           for
           reading
           .
           The
           Title
           is
           not
           too
           bigge
           for
           the
           Booke
           ,
           though
           one
           of
           the
           greatest
           
             Ships
          
           of
           the
           World
           was
           call'd
           by
           the
           same
           
           name
           ;
           and
           (
           if
           some
           knowing
           Persons
           bee
           not
           deceiv'd
           )
           our
           
             Author
          
           was
           the
           first
           that
           hinted
           it
           ,
           having
           written
           this
           Discourse
           three
           yeares
           before
           that
           famous
           Vessell
           was
           built
           .
        
         
           Farewell
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             The
             Soveraigntie
             Of
             the
             Seas
             of
             ENGLAND
             .
          
           
             THat
             Princes
             may
             have
             an
             exclusive
             property
             in
             the
             Soveraigntie
             of
             the
             severall
             parts
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             passage
             ,
             ●ishing
             &
             shores
             therof
             ,
             ●s
             so
             evidently
             true
             by
             way
             of
             fact
             ,
             as
             no
             man
             that
             is
             not
             desperately
             ●●pudent
             can
             deny
             it
             and
             for
             the
             point
             of
             
             right
             ,
             though
             some
             of
             late
             have
             endeavored
             by
             way
             of
             argument
             to
             prove
             the
             contrary
             ,
             affirming
             them
             to
             be
             not
             onely
             publique
             but
             common
             ;
             yet
             the
             notorious
             practise
             of
             all
             Maritime
             Countries
             ,
             the
             necessity
             of
             Order
             in
             mutuall
             commerce
             ,
             and
             the
             safety
             of
             mens
             persons
             ,
             goods
             ,
             &
             lives
             had
             taught
             even
             the
             most
             barbarous
             Nations
             to
             know
             by
             the
             light
             of
             humane
             reason
             ,
             that
             lawes
             are
             as
             equally
             necessary
             for
             the
             governement
             and
             preservation
             of
             such
             as
             frequent
             
             quent
             the
             Seas
             ,
             as
             of
             those
             that
             trade
             ,
             and
             negotiate
             on
             the
             firme
             land
             .
             And
             that
             to
             make
             lawes
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             them
             the
             life
             of
             execution
             must
             of
             necessity
             require
             a
             supreame
             authority
             ,
             for
             to
             leave
             every
             part
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             and
             shores
             to
             an
             arbitrary
             and
             promiscuous
             use
             ,
             with-a
             correcting
             
             and
             securing
             power
             in
             case
             of
             wrong
             ,
             or
             danger
             is
             to
             make
             men
             of
             the
             like
             condition
             with
             the
             fishes
             that
             live
             therein
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             greater
             doe
             usually
             devoure
             ,
             and
             swallow
             the
             lesse
             .
          
           
           
             I
             conceive
             therefore
             that
             Princes
             doe
             entertaine
             these
             Schoole
             Problems
             ,
             and
             Criticismes
             ,
             no
             otherwise
             then
             with
             contempt
             and
             scorne
             ,
             much
             disdaining
             to
             bee
             wrangled
             out
             of
             the
             ancient
             rights
             &
             regalities
             annexed
             to
             their
             crownes
             ,
             by
             the
             subtile
             Arguments
             of
             witt
             and
             Sophistrie
             ,
             specially
             considering
             that
             amongst
             the
             Civill
             Lawyers
             themselves
             there
             is
             so
             great
             diversity
             of
             opinion
             ,
             whilst
             some
             peremptorily
             maintaine
             ,
             
             That
             
               Mare
               &
               littora
            
             
             
               maris
               jure
               Gentium
               sunt
               communia
               .
            
             Others
             as
             confidently
             saying
             ,
             
               Videmus
               de
               jure
               Gentium
               in
               mare
               esse
               distincta
               dominia
               sicut
               in
               terra
               .
            
             
             And
             further
             ,
             
               mare
               ipsum
               ad
               centum
               usque
               milliaria
               pro
               territorio
               districtuque
               illius
               Regionis
               ,
               eviproxim
               .
               appropinquat
               assignatur
               :
            
             with
             many
             other
             like
             alterations
             
             diameter
             wife
             contradictorie
             the
             one
             to
             the
             other
             ;
             And
             therefore
             the
             question
             being
             not
             as
             yet
             resolved
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             it
             were
             strange
             to
             thinke
             that
             Princes
             in
             the
             
             meane
             time
             will
             relinquish
             the
             possession
             of
             those
             Royalties
             which
             they
             and
             their
             Ancestors
             have
             held
             beyond
             all
             memory
             ,
             without
             a
             judgement
             first
             agreed
             upon
             ,
             and
             affirmed
             in
             the
             case
             .
             And
             for
             his
             sacred
             Majesty
             our
             dread
             Soveraigne
             Lord
             the
             King
             ,
             such
             is
             his
             cleare
             and
             indubitable
             right
             to
             the
             Superiority
             of
             the
             Seas
             of
             
               England
            
             derived
             and
             confirmed
             upon
             him
             by
             immemorable
             prescription
             ,
             and
             continued
             in
             possession
             even
             untill
             this
             very
             yeare
             
             1633.
             that
             the
             hearts
             and
             consciences
             of
             all
             just
             men
             must
             necessarily
             subscribe
             to
             the
             evident
             truth
             thereof
             .
             But
             if
             contrariewise
             any
             shall
             presume
             and
             goe
             about
             actually
             to
             dispossesse
             his
             Majestie
             of
             this
             his
             undoubted
             birthright
             ,
             or
             usurpe
             upon
             his
             Soveraigntie
             in
             a
             case
             so
             highly
             concerning
             his
             honour
             ,
             and
             safety
             ,
             as
             well
             of
             his
             owne
             kingdomes
             and
             subjects
             ,
             as
             of
             other
             Nations
             that
             under
             the
             wing
             of
             his
             protection
             doe
             passe
             those
             Seas
             ,
             his
             Majestie
             (
             no
             doubt
             )
             
             will
             never
             be
             unprovided
             of
             a
             good
             sword
             to
             vindicate
             that
             right
             which
             all
             his
             royall
             progenitors
             have
             carefully
             maintained
             ,
             the
             lawes
             and
             customes
             of
             this
             kingdome
             have
             ratified
             and
             confirmed
             ,
             &
             forraigne
             Nations
             have
             freely
             acknowledged
             ;
             as
             by
             the
             subsequent
             monumēts
             of
             Record
             ,
             History
             ,
             &
             the
             Cōmon
             lawes
             of
             the
             land
             will
             evidently
             appeare
             .
          
           
             When
             
               Julius
               Caesar
            
             first
             undertook
             the
             Invasion
             of
             this
             our
             Isle
             of
             
               Brittaine
               ,
            
             he
             found
             the
             neighbouring
             Nation
             
             of
             the
             
               Gaules
            
             in
             a
             manner
             altogether
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Island
             it selfe
             ,
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             their
             Townes
             ,
             Havens
             ,
             &
             approaches
             ,
             
               Quae
               omnia
               fere
               Gallis
               erant
               incognita
               ,
            
             
             
               neque
               enim
               temere
               praeter
               mercatores
               adit
               ad
               illos
               quisquam
               ,
               neque
               eis
               ipsis
               quidquam
               ,
               praeter
               oram
               Maritimam
               ,
               atque
               eas
               Regiones
               quae
               sunt
               contra
               Galliam
               ,
               notum
               est
               .
            
             So
             are
             the
             words
             of
             
               Caesar
            
             whereby
             it
             appeareth
             that
             the
             Brittains
             kept
             off
             all
             Strangers
             except
             Merchants
             from
             approaching
             their
             confines
             ,
             
             &
             that
             those
             Merchants
             in
             their
             accesse
             were
             restrained
             to
             the
             shore
             only
             ,
             that
             lay
             opposite
             to
             the
             
               Gaules
               ,
            
             without
             being
             suffered
             to
             make
             further
             discoveries
             of
             the
             more
             remote
             coasts
             .
             Insomuch
             that
             the
             same
             
               Caesar
            
             upon
             diligent
             examination
             of
             those
             Merchants
             ,
             
             
               Neque
               quanta
               esset
               Insulae
               magnitudo
               ,
               neque
               quae
               ,
               &
               quantae
               Nationes
               incolerent
               ,
               neque
               quem
               usum
               belli
               haberent
               ,
               aut
               quibus
               institutis
               uterentur
               ,
               neque
               qui
               essent
               ad
               majorum
               naviū
               multitudinē
               idonei
               portus
               ,
               reperire
               poterat
               .
            
             
             which
             restaint
             of
             strangers
             they
             could
             not
             otherwise
             make
             good
             but
             by
             the
             goodnes
             &
             greatnes
             of
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             gathered
             by
             the
             words
             of
             the
             same
             
               Caesar
            
             afterwards
             used
             .
             For
             though
             the
             Brittaines
             for
             ordinary
             imployment
             ,
             &
             Rivers
             ,
             and
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             neare
             the
             maine
             ,
             had
             Ships
             composed
             of
             meane
             stuffe
             ,
             having
             their
             Keeles
             ,
             and
             Ribs
             made
             of
             slight
             timber
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Hull
             rooven
             up
             with
             Osyers
             covered
             with
             leather
             .
             
               Carinae
               Primum
               
               ac
               statumina
               ex
               levi
               materia
               fiebant
               ,
               
               reliquum
               corpus
               navinm
               viminibus
               contectum
               coriis
               tegebatur
               :
            
             (
             From
             whence
             
               Caesar
            
             tooke
             his
             patterne
             of
             those
             Ships
             which
             hee
             was
             forced
             to
             frame
             on
             the
             sudden
             for
             passing
             his
             Army
             over
             the
             River
             neare
             
               Ilerda
            
             in
             
               Spaine
               ,
            
             without
             wch
             he
             had
             utterly
             lost
             both
             it
             ,
             and
             himselfe
             )
             yet
             had
             they
             ,
             and
             their
             Confederates
             ,
             other
             shipping
             of
             so
             great
             bulk
             &
             strength
             ,
             &
             withal
             so
             serviceable
             in
             fight
             at
             sea
             ,
             that
             
               Caesar
            
             in
             their
             description
             
             preferreth
             them
             far
             before
             those
             of
             the
             Romanes
             ;
             for
             in
             the
             Navall
             preparations
             made
             by
             the
             Gaules
             of
             
               Venice
               ,
            
             neare
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             
               Loyer
            
             (
             wherein
             hee
             expresly
             saith
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             (
             
               Auxilia
            
             )
             supplies
             from
             the
             opposite
             part
             of
             Brittaine
             )
             he
             setteth
             forth
             their
             Ships
             in
             such
             manner
             as
             (
             considering
             the
             time
             )
             may
             justly
             move
             admiration
             .
             
             
               Ipsorum
               Naves
            
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               ad
               hunc
               modum
               factae
               armataeque
               erant
               .
               Carinae
               aliquanto
               planiores
               
               quam
               nostrarum
               Navium
               ,
               quo
               facilius
               vada
               ,
               ac
               decessum
               aestus
               excipere
               possent
               ,
               prorae
               admodum
               erectae
               ,
               atque
               item
               puppes
               ad
               magnitudinem
               fluctuum
               ,
               tempestatumque
               accomodatae
               ,
               Naves
               totae
               factae
               ex
               robore
               ,
            
             
             
               &c.
               
            
             And
             againe
             ,
             
               Neque
               enim
               his
               nostrae
               rostro
               nocere
               poterant
               ,
               tanta
               erat
               firmitudo
               ,
               neque
               propter
               altitudinem
               facile
               telum
               adjiceb
               atur
               .
               Et
               eadem
               de
               causa
               minus
               commode
               scopulis
               continebantur
               .
               Accedeb
               ant
               ut
               cum
               saevire
               ventus
               cae
               pisset
               &
               se
               vento
               dedissent
               ,
               &
               tempestatem
               
               ferrent
               facilius
               &
               in
               vadis
               considerent
               tutius
               ,
               &
               ab
               aestu
               derelicta
               nihil
               saxa
               ,
               &
               cantes
               timerent
               .
            
             And
             presently
             after
             ,
             
               circiter
               ccxx
               .
               Naves
               eorum
               paratissimae
               ,
               atque
               omni
               genere
               armorum
               ornatissimae
               è
               portu
               profectae
               nostris
               adversae
               constiterunt
               .
               Neque
               satis
            
             Bruto
             
               qui
               classi
               praeerat
               ,
               Neque
            
             Tribunis
             
               militum
               ,
            
             Centurionibusquequibus
             
               singulae
               naves
               erant
               attributae
               constabat
               ,
               quid
               agerent
               ,
               aut
               quam
               rationē
               pugnae
               institerent
               ,
               Rostrā
               enim
               noceri
               non
               posse
               cognoverant
               ,
            
             
             
               turbibus
               artem
               excitatis
               ,
               tamen
               
               has
               altitu
               do
               puppium
               ex
               barbaris
               navibus
               super
               abat
               ,
               ut
               neque
               ex
               inferiori
               loco
               satis
               commodè
               tela
               adjici
               possent
               ,
               &
               missa
               à
               Gallis
               gravins
               acciderent
               .
            
             And
             that
             the
             Brittaines
             not
             onely
             at
             this
             time
             but
             in
             most
             of
             those
             Warres
             of
             the
             
               Gaules
               ,
            
             did
             send
             them
             aydes
             ,
             and
             supplies
             against
             the
             
               Romanes
               ,
            
             the
             words
             of
             
               Caesar
            
             evidently
             declare
             ,
             who
             intending
             to
             invade
             their
             country
             ,
             pretended
             no
             other
             quarrell
             then
             ,
             
             
               Quod
               omnibus
               ferè
               Gallicis
               hostibus
               nostris
               inde
               subministrata
               
               auxilia
               intelligebat
               .
            
          
           
             Yet
             these
             three
             confederates
             and
             neighbours
             the
             Gaules
             they
             permitted
             not
             freely
             to
             passe
             the
             Brittish
             seas
             ,
             but
             kept
             them
             from
             knowing
             so
             much
             as
             their
             opposite
             coasts
             ,
             save
             onely
             by
             way
             of
             Trade
             and
             Merchandize
             .
             And
             this
             to
             certaine
             appointed
             places
             neare
             the
             sea-shoares
             where
             the
             knowne
             Marts
             and
             Staples
             were
             appointed
             for
             commerce
             and
             traffique
             .
          
           
             By
             all
             which
             it
             manifestly
             appeareth
             that
             before
             the
             Roman
             conquest
             
             the
             Brittish
             Nation
             had
             the
             supreame
             power
             and
             command
             of
             their
             owne
             Seas
             without
             the
             competition
             of
             any
             other
             Nation
             whatsoever
             .
          
           
             So
             likewise
             when
             the
             Romans
             had
             made
             themselves
             possessorie
             Lords
             of
             the
             Island
             ,
             and
             the
             Soveraigntie
             of
             the
             Seas
             thereunto
             belonging
             was
             in
             them
             ,
             and
             accordingly
             continued
             and
             was
             maintained
             ,
             without
             incroachment
             ,
             or
             pretence
             of
             title
             thereunto
             made
             by
             the
             other
             .
             But
             when
             the
             Civill
             
             warres
             and
             distraction
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             had
             by
             exhausting
             of
             the
             flower
             of
             the
             Brittaine
             youth
             ,
             so
             much
             infeebled
             the
             Nation
             ,
             as
             inforced
             them
             to
             call
             in
             the
             Saxons
             to
             their
             ayde
             against
             the
             Picts
             their
             insolent
             neighbours
             ,
             &
             for
             suppressing
             the
             nationall
             factions
             growne
             up
             amongst
             themselves
             ,
             and
             those
             Saxons
             (
             working
             upon
             the
             weaknesse
             of
             the
             Brittaines
             )
             had
             expelled
             them
             from
             the
             better
             parts
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             though
             for
             a
             time
             they
             
             were
             diverted
             from
             setling
             their
             owne
             affaires
             by
             the
             powerfull
             invasions
             of
             the
             Danes
             and
             their
             homebred
             quarrels
             ,
             grown
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             severall
             pettie
             Kingdomes
             of
             their
             Heptarchie
             ,
             yet
             when
             they
             were
             all
             reduced
             under
             one
             head
             ,
             they
             forgot
             not
             to
             assume
             their
             right
             of
             Soveraignty
             in
             the
             seas
             of
             
               England
               .
            
             As
             did
             the
             most
             noble
             
               Edgar
               ,
            
             who
             in
             the
             glorious
             title
             of
             his
             Charters
             ,
             yet
             extant
             of
             those
             times
             ,
             speaketh
             as
             followeth
             .
          
           
           
             Altitonantis
             Dei
             largiflua
             
             clementia
             ,
             qui
             est
             Rex
             Regum
             .
             Ego
             Edgarus
             Anglorum
             Basileus
             omnium-que
             rerum
             Insularum
             Oceani
             quae
             Brittaniam
             circumjacent
             ,
             cunctarumque
             Nationum
             ,
             quae
             infra
             eam
             includuntur
             Imperator
             &
             dominus
             &c.
             
          
           
             And
             for
             maintenance
             of
             this
             his
             Soveraigntie
             he
             continually
             kept
             in
             readinesse
             a
             Navy
             of
             foure
             hundred
             ships
             ,
             which
             being
             divided
             into
             foure
             severall
             Fleets
             of
             one
             hundred
             Ships
             a
             peece
             did
             every
             yeare
             after
             Easter
             take
             
             their
             course
             to
             the
             four
             quarters
             of
             England
             where
             they
             remained
             to
             guarde
             ,
             and
             scowre
             the
             Seas
             untill
             winter
             following
             .
             So
             saith
             
             
               Ranulphus
               Cestrensis
               .
               Idem
               quoque
               Edgarus
               400
               Naves
               congregavit
               ex
               quibus
               omni
               anno
               post
               festum
               Paschale
               ,
               100
               Naves
               ad
               quamlibet
               Augliae
               partem
               statuit
               ,
               sic
               aestate
               Insulam
               circumnavigavit
               ,
               hyeme
               vero
               iudicia
               in
               Provincia
               exercuit
               .
            
          
           
             
               Etheldred
            
             after
             
               Edgar
            
             for
             defence
             of
             the
             Seas
             ,
             and
             kingdomes
             caused
             of
             every
             three
             hundred
             
             and
             ten
             hides
             of
             land
             a
             shippe
             to
             be
             built
             ,
             which
             meeting
             at
             
               Sandwich
               ,
            
             made
             the
             greatest
             Navy
             that
             ever
             this
             kingdome
             set
             forth
             to
             Sea
             .
          
           
             And
             
               Canutus
            
             the
             Dane
             ,
             coming
             not
             long
             after
             to
             be
             King
             ,
             first
             of
             halfe
             the
             Realme
             by
             by
             composition
             betweene
             him
             ,
             and
             
               Edmund
               Ironside
               ,
            
             and
             after
             the
             death
             of
             
               Edmond
            
             of
             the
             whole
             Survivorshippe
             ,
             did
             fôr
             his
             owne
             time
             (
             as
             his
             Successors
             of
             the
             Danish
             race
             after
             him
             )
             preserve
             the
             Seas
             of
             the
             
             Kingdome
             in
             their
             former
             estate
             ,
             without
             admitting
             any
             the
             neighbour
             Princes
             to
             have
             any
             dominion
             in
             any
             part
             thereof
             .
          
           
             And
             so
             they
             remained
             in
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Confessor
             untill
             the
             conquest
             made
             by
             
               William
            
             Duke
             of
             
               Normandie
               ,
            
             in
             whose
             raign
             ,
             and
             for
             many
             discents
             after
             him
             ,
             the
             Soveraigntie
             of
             the
             said
             Seas
             was
             so
             far
             from
             being
             evicted
             that
             it
             was
             never
             so
             much
             as
             questioned
             by
             any
             Nation
             untill
             the
             time
             of
             
               Edward
            
             the
             first
             ,
             about
             
             the
             yeare
             1299.
             and
             the
             six
             and
             twentieth
             of
             his
             raigne
             .
             At
             which
             time
             the
             King
             of
             
               France
            
             being
             upon
             termes
             of
             hostilitie
             with
             those
             of
             
               Flanders
               ,
            
             did
             by
             his
             Commission
             constitute
             one
             
               Reyner
               Grimbald
            
             Admirall
             of
             his
             Navy
             which
             he
             then
             sent
             forth
             against
             the
             
               Flemmings
            
             by
             vertue
             of
             which
             Commission
             ,
             
               Grimbald
            
             in
             passing
             to
             and
             againe
             in
             the
             Seas
             of
             
               England
               ,
            
             tooke
             upon
             him
             Soveraigne
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             as
             Admirall
             unto
             the
             French
             King
             in
             those
             Seas
             ,
             taking
             
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             Merchants
             of
             
               England
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Nations
             ,
             and
             carrying
             them
             into
             
               France
               ,
            
             where
             he
             caused
             them
             to
             abide
             his
             judgement
             ,
             and
             a
             ward
             concerning
             their
             goods
             and
             Merchandice
             ;
             But
             shortly
             after
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               England
            
             and
             of
             
               France
            
             appointed
             by
             agreement
             certain
             Commissioners
             (
             termeed
             Auditors
             in
             the
             Record
             )
             to
             heare
             ,
             and
             redresse
             the
             wrongs
             interchangably
             done
             by
             their
             Subjects
             contrary
             to
             the
             peace
             formerly
             made
             between
             
             them
             at
             
               Paris
               ,
            
             before
             which
             the
             Commissioners
             the
             Agents
             (
             or
             Procurators
             as
             the
             Record
             nameth
             them
             )
             for
             the
             Maritime
             coasts
             of
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Christian
             world
             ,
             of
             
               Genoa
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Germany
               ,
               Holland
               ,
               Zealand
               ,
               Freezland
               ,
               Denmarke
               ,
            
             and
             
               Norway
               ,
            
             made
             this
             remarkable
             acknowledgment
             and
             declaration
             following
             ,
             which
             out
             of
             the
             old
             French
             of
             that
             time
             I
             have
             rendred
             into
             English
             ,
             the
             title
             whereof
             is
             thus
             in
             Latine
             .
          
           
           
             
               De
               superioritate
               Maris
               Angliae
               &
               jure
               officii
               Admirallatus
               in
               codem
               .
               
            
             
               To
               our
               Lords
               Auditors
               deputed
               by
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               &
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               to
               redresse
               the
               damages
               done
               to
               the
               people
               of
               their
               Kingdoms
               ,
               and
               of
               other
               Territories
               subject
               to
               their
               Dominions
               by
               sea
               ,
               and
               by
               land
               ,
               in
               time
               of
               peace
               and
               truce
               .
            
             
               The
               Procurators
               of
               the
               Prelates
               ,
               Nobles
               ,
               and
               Admirall
               of
               the
               sea
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               the
               
               Comminalties
               of
               Cities
               and
               Townes
               ,
               and
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               Marriners
               ,
               Messengers
               ,
               Pilgrims
               ,
               and
               of
               all
               other
               of
               the
               said
               Kingdome
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Territories
               subject
               to
               the
               Dominions
               of
               the
               sayd
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               other
               places
               ,
               as
               of
               the
               Sea-coasts
               of
               
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 Cataloigna
                 ,
                 Spaine
                 ,
                 Almaigne
                 ,
                 Zealand
                 ,
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Freezland
                 ,
                 Denmarke
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Norway
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               divers
               other
               places
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               doe
               shew
               ,
               That
               whereas
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               sayd
               
               Kingdome
               from
               time
               whereof
               there
               is
               no
               memory
               to
               the
               contrary
               ,
               have
               been
               in
               peaceable
               possession
               of
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Sea
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               the
               Isles
               being
               in
               the
               same
               ,
               in
               making
               ,
               and
               establishing
               Lawes
               and
               Statutes
               ,
               and
               restraints
               of
               Armes
               ,
               and
               of
               Ships
               ,
               otherwise
               furnished
               then
               to
               ships
               of
               merchandize
               appertaineth
               ,
               and
               in
               taking
               suretie
               ;
               and
               affording
               ,
               safeguard
               in
               all
               cases
               where
               need
               shall
               be
               ,
               
               in
               ordering
               of
               all
               other
               things
               necessary
               for
               
               maintaining
               of
               Peace
               ,
               Right
               ,
               and
               Equity
               ,
               amongst
               all
               manner
               of
               people
               ,
               as
               well
               of
               other
               Dominions
               as
               of
               their
               owne
               ,
               passing
               through
               the
               said
               Seas
               ,
               and
               the
               Soveraign
               guard
               thereof
               ,
               and
               in
               doing
               Justice
               ,
               Right
               ,
               and
               Law
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               said
               Lawes
               ,
               Ordinances
               ,
               and
               Restraints
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               other
               things
               which
               may
               appertaine
               to
               the
               exercise
               of
               soveraigne
               dominion
               in
               the
               places
               aforsayd
               .
               And
               
                 A.
                 de
                 B.
              
               Admirall
               of
               the
               Sea
               deputed
               by
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               all
               other
               
               Admiralls
               ordained
               by
               the
               sayd
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               had
               been
               in
               peaceable
               possession
               of
               the
               soveraigne
               guard
               ,
               with
               the
               cognizance
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               the
               appurtenances
               aforesayd
               ,
               except
               in
               case
               of
               Appeale
               ,
               and
               of
               complaint
               made
               of
               them
               to
               their
               Soveraignes
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               in
               default
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               for
               evill
               Judgement
               ,
               and
               especially
               in
               making
               Restraints
               ,
               doing
               of
               Justice
               ,
               and
               taking
               surety
               of
               the
               peace
               of
               all
               manner
               of
               people
               using
               
               Armes
               in
               the
               said
               Sea
               ,
               and
               carrying
               Ships
               otherwise
               furnished
               ,
               and
               set
               forth
               then
               to
               Merchants
               Ships
               appertaineth
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               other
               points
               where
               a
               man
               may
               have
               reasonable
               cause
               to
               suspect
               them
               of
               Robbery
               ,
               or
               of
               other
               misdemeanours
               .
               And
               whereas
               the
               Masters
               of
               the
               ships
               of
               the
               sayd
               Kingdome
               of
               
                 England
              
               in
               the
               absence
               of
               the
               sayd
               Admirall
               hath
               been
               in
               peaceable
               possession
               of
               taking
               Cognizance
               and
               judging
               all
               actions
               done
               in
               the
               sayd
               Sea
               ,
               
               betweene
               all
               manner
               of
               people
               according
               to
               the
               said
               lawes
               ,
               Statutes
               ,
               restraints
               ,
               and
               customes
               .
               And
               whereas
               in
               the
               said
               first
               Article
               of
               confederation
               lately
               made
               betweene
               the
               said
               Kings
               in
               the
               treatie
               upon
               the
               last
               peace
               at
               
                 Paris
              
               are
               comprised
               the
               words
               which
               follow
               in
               a
               Schedule
               annexed
               to
               these
               presents
               First
               it
               is
               estreated
               ,
               and
               accorded
               betweene
               us
               ,
               and
               the
               messengers
               and
               Procurators
               aforesaid
               in
               the
               names
               of
               the
               said
               Kings
               .
               That
               the
               said
               Kings
               shall
               from
               this
               
               time
               forward
               be
               one
               to
               the
               other
               good
               ,
               true
               ,
               and
               loyall
               friends
               ,
               and
               ayding
               against
               all
               men
               (
               save
               the
               Church
               of
               
                 Rome
                 )
              
               in
               such
               manner
               ,
               as
               if
               any
               one
               ,
               or
               more
               whatsoever
               they
               be
               ,
               would
               disinherit
               ,
               hinder
               or
               molest
               the
               said
               Kings
               in
               the
               Franchises
               ,
               liberties
               ,
               priviledges
               ,
               rights
               ,
               dueties
               ,
               customes
               of
               them
               and
               of
               their
               Kingdomes
               they
               shall
               bee
               good
               and
               loyall
               friends
               ,
               and
               ayding
               against
               all
               men
               that
               may
               live
               ,
               and
               die
               ,
               to
               defend
               ,
               keepe
               ,
               and
               maintaine
               ,
               the
               
               Franchises
               ,
               liberties
               ,
               priviledges
               ,
               rights
               ,
               duties
               ,
               and
               customes
               abovesaid
               ,
               except
               to
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               Mounsieur
               
                 Iohn
                 Duke
              
               of
               
                 Brabant
              
               in
               
                 Brabant
                 ,
              
               and
               his
               heires
               descended
               of
               him
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               daughter
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               except
               to
               our
               foresaid
               Lord
               the
               King
               of
               
                 France
              
               the
               excellent
               Prince
               
                 Mounsieur
                 Dubart
              
               King
               of
               
                 Almaigne
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Mounsieur
                 Iohn
              
               Earle
               of
               
                 Anhault
              
               in
               
                 Anhault
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               the
               one
               shall
               not
               be
               of
               Counsell
               ,
               or
               ayding
               ,
               where
               the
               other
               
               may
               lose
               life
               ,
               member
               ,
               estate
               ,
               or
               temporali
               honour
               ;
               
                 Mounsieur
                 Reyner
                 Grimbald
              
               master
               of
               the
               said
               Navy
               of
               the
               said
               King
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               who
               names
               himselfe
               Admirall
               of
               the
               said
               Sea
               deputed
               by
               his
               Lord
               aforesaid
               in
               his
               warre
               against
               the
               
                 Flemmings
                 ,
              
               after
               the
               said
               confederation
               made
               ,
               &
               established
               ,
               and
               against
               the
               forme
               ,
               and
               force
               of
               the
               said
               confederation
               ,
               and
               the
               intention
               of
               them
               that
               made
               it
               ,
               wrongfully
               assumed
               the
               office
               of
               the
               admiraltie
               in
               the
               said
               Sea
               
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               by
               the
               commission
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               and
               used
               the
               same
               one
               year
               ,
               &
               more
               ,
               taking
               the
               people
               and
               Merchants
               of
               the
               kingdome
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               of
               other
               places
               passing
               through
               the
               said
               Sea
               with
               their
               goods
               ,
               &
               delivered
               the
               people
               ,
               so
               taken
               to
               the
               prison
               of
               the
               said
               Lord
               the
               King
               of
               
                 France
              
               in
               the
               Ports
               of
               his
               said
               kingdome
               ,
               as
               to
               him
               forfeited
               ,
               and
               accrewing
               .
               And
               the
               taking
               ,
               and
               detayning
               of
               the
               said
               people
               with
               their
               said
               goods
               ,
               and
               Merchandise
               ,
               as
               also
               
               his
               said
               judgement
               ,
               and
               award
               hath
               justified
               before
               the
               Lords
               Auditors
               in
               writing
               by
               vertue
               of
               the
               authoritie
               of
               his
               said
               commission
               of
               the
               Admiraltie
               aforesaid
               by
               himselfe
               usurped
               ,
               and
               during
               a
               restraint
               generally
               made
               by
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               power
               ,
               and
               according
               to
               the
               forme
               of
               their
               articles
               of
               the
               confederation
               aforesaid
               ,
               which
               conteineth
               the
               words
               underwritten
               ,
               requiring
               that
               he
               might
               be
               acquitted
               ,
               and
               absolved
               
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               dammage
               and
               prejudice
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               the
               Prelates
               ,
               Nobles
               ,
               and
               others
               above
               named
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               the
               said
               procurators
               in
               the
               names
               of
               their
               said
               Lords
               ,
               doe
               pray
               your
               Lordships
               Auditors
               aforesaid
               that
               you
               cause
               due
               ,
               and
               speedie
               deliverie
               of
               the
               said
               people
               with
               their
               goods
               and
               Merchandise
               so
               taken
               and
               detained
               to
               be
               made
               to
               the
               Admirall
               of
               the
               said
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               to
               whom
               the
               Cognizance
               of
               the
               same
               of
               
               right
               appertaineth
               (
               as
               is
               before
               expressed
               )
               So
               that
               without
               the
               disturbance
               of
               you
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               ,
               hee
               may
               take
               Cognizance
               therof
               ,
               and
               to
               doe
               that
               which
               appertaineth
               to
               his
               office
               aforesaid
               .
               And
               the
               said
               
                 Mounsieur
                 Reyner
                 Grimbald
              
               bee
               condemned
               ,
               and
               constrained
               to
               make
               satisfaction
               to
               all
               the
               said
               parties
               dampnifyed
               ,
               so
               far
               forth
               as
               hee
               shall
               be
               able
               ,
               and
               in
               his
               default
               his
               said
               Lord
               the
               King
               of
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               by
               whom
               he
               was
               deputed
               in
               the
               said
               Office
               ;
               And
               
               that
               after
               due
               satisfaction
               made
               to
               the
               parties
               dampnified
               the
               said
               
                 Mounsieur
                 Reyner
                 ,
              
               bee
               so
               duly
               punished
               for
               the
               violation
               of
               the
               sayd
               confederation
               ,
               that
               his
               punishment
               may
               bee
               an
               example
               to
               others
               in
               time
               to
               come
               .
            
          
           
             
               In
               the
               Record
               these
               memorable
               points
               are
               to
               be
               observed
               .
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
              
               That
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               had
               then
               been
               in
               peaceable
               possession
               of
               the
               sayd
               Dominion
               of
               the
               sayd
               Sea
               of
               
                 England
              
               by
               immemorable
               prescription
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
              
               that
               the
               Soveraignty
               belonged
               unto
               them
               ,
               not
               because
               they
               were
               
                 Domini
                 utriusque
                 ripae
                 ,
              
               as
               when
               they
               had
               both
               
                 England
              
               and
               
                 Normandy
                 ,
              
               and
               so
               were
               Lords
               of
               both
               shoares
               .
               For
               
                 Edward
              
               the
               First
               at
               this
               time
               had
               not
               
                 Normandy
                 ,
              
               but
               that
               it
               is
               inseparably
               appendant
               and
               annexed
               unto
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               our
               Kings
               being
               superiour
               Lords
               of
               the
               said
               Sea
               ,
               by
               reason
               (
               as
               the
               said
               Record
               speaketh
               )
               of
               the
               sayd
               Kingdomes
               .
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
              
               onely
               the
               
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               had
               power
               to
               make
               Lawes
               ,
               and
               exercise
               supreame
               Jurisdiction
               over
               all
               persons
               ,
               and
               in
               all
               causes
               within
               the
               sayd
               Sea
               ,
               and
               in
               their
               absence
               to
               the
               Masters
               of
               their
               said
               Ships
               onely
               appertaineth
               .
            
             
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
              
               That
               the
               ,
               King
               of
               
                 France
              
               could
               not
               make
               an
               Admirall
               in
               that
               Sea
               without
               doing
               wrong
               to
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               but
               that
               it
               was
               an
               usurpation
               upon
               his
               right
               .
            
             
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
              
               that
               all
               this
               was
               affirmed
               ,
               and
               acknowledged
               by
               the
               Agents
               
               of
               most
               part
               of
               Christendome
               ,
               being
               strangers
               to
               the
               Crown
               of
               
                 England
                 .
              
            
             
               Surely
               I
               beleeve
               no
               Prince
               in
               the
               world
               can
               produce
               clearer
               evidence
               for
               any
               part
               of
               his
               estate
               then
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               by
               this
               Record
               can
               doe
               for
               his
               Soveraignty
               ,
               and
               exclusive
               Jurisdiction
               in
               the
               Sea
               of
               
                 England
                 .
              
               Yet
               for
               further
               declaration
               hereof
               ,
               I
               will
               adde
               certain
               others
               of
               succeeding
               times
               in
               affirmance
               of
               that
               above
               mentioned
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               whereof
               is
               
               that
               of
               King
               
                 Edward
              
               3.
               being
               an
               Article
               amongst
               others
               ,
               upon
               which
               the
               Kings
               Justices
               were
               to
               be
               advised
               ,
               with
               all
               the
               title
               of
               the
               Record
               ,
               being
               as
               followeth
               .
            
          
           
             
               Articuli
               super
               quibus
               Justiciarii
               Domini
               nostri
               Regis
               sunt
               consulendi
               .
            
             
               Item
               ad
               finem
               quod
               resumatur
               ,
               &
               continuetur
               ad
               subditorum
               prosecutionem
               forma
               procedendi
               ,
               quondam
               ordinata
               &
               inchoata
               per
               Avum
               Dominum
               nostruns
               Regis
               ,
               &
               ejus
               Concilium
               
               ad
               restituendum
               ,
               &
               conservandum
               antiquam
               superioritatem
               Maris
               Angliae
               ,
               &
               jus
               officii
               Admirallatus
               in
               eodem
               ,
               quod
               corrigendum
               leges
               &
               statuta
               per
               ejus
               Antecessores
               Angliae
               Reges
               du
               dum
               ordinata
               ,
               ad
               conserv
               an
               dum
               pacem
               &
               justitiam
               inter
               omnes
               Gentes
               Nationis
               cujuscunque
               per
               mare
               Angliae
               transeuntes
               ,
               &
               ad
               cognoscendum
               super
               omnibus
               in
               contrarium
               attemptatis
               in
               eodem
               ,
               &
               ad
               puniendum
               delinquentes
               &
               damna
               parti
               satisfaciendum
               .
               Quae
               quidem
               leges
               ,
               &
               statuta
               per
               Dominum
               
               
                 Richardum
              
               quondam
               Regem
               Angliae
               in
               redditu
               suo
               à
               terra
               sancta
               correcta
               fuerunt
               ,
               interpretata
               ,
               declarata
               &
               Insula
               de
               
                 Olleron
              
               publicata
               &
               nominata
               in
               Gallica
               lingua
               .
               
                 Lay
                 loy
                 Olleron
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               In
               this
               Record
               (
               as
               in
               the
               former
               )
               the
               ancient
               right
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Englands
              
               superiority
               in
               the
               Seas
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               large
               extent
               thereof
               is
               clearely
               specified
               ,
               but
               especially
               in
               the
               conclusion
               wee
               may
               observe
               to
               the
               great
               glory
               of
               our
               English
               Nation
               ,
               that
               the
               
               famous
               Lawes
               of
               
                 Olleron
              
               (
               which
               (
               after
               the
               Rhodian
               Lawes
               were
               antinquated
               and
               absolete
               )
               have
               now
               well
               neare
               500.
               yeares
               been
               received
               by
               all
               the
               Christian
               world
               for
               regulating
               Sea
               affaires
               ,
               and
               deciding
               Maritime
               controversies
               ,
               were
               first
               declared
               by
               King
               
                 Richard
              
               the
               first
               (
               a
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               )
               at
               his
               returne
               from
               the
               Holy
               land
               ,
               and
               by
               him
               caused
               to
               bee
               published
               in
               the
               Isle
               of
               
                 Olleron
              
               (
               then
               belonging
               to
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               
                 Aquitane
                 )
              
               and
               thereupon
               ,
               and
               from
               
               that
               Island
               tooke
               their
               name
               ,
               which
               they
               yet
               retaine
               ;
               and
               this
               is
               the
               more
               worthy
               of
               note
               ,
               because
               untill
               this
               Record
               (
               being
               lately
               found
               )
               was
               produced
               ,
               the
               most
               learned
               Lawyers
               ,
               and
               Antiquaries
               of
               our
               times
               were
               altogether
               ignorant
               by
               whom
               those
               Lawes
               were
               ordained
               ,
               and
               why
               they
               were
               so
               called
               .
               To
               the
               same
               purpose
               and
               effect
               is
               this
               originall
               in
               French
               ,
               but
               expressed
               here
               in
               English
               .
            
          
           
             
               
                 Item
                 ,
              
               
               to
               the
               end
               that
               having
               seen
               and
               considered
               
               the
               formes
               of
               proceeding
               and
               Letters
               ,
               ordained
               by
               the
               Counsell
               of
               our
               sayd
               Lord
               (
               Grandfather
               to
               the
               King
               )
               for
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               sayd
               Nation
               of
               England
               ,
               to
               recover
               ,
               and
               retaine
               the
               sayd
               Subjects
               ,
               Assistants
               and
               Allies
               ,
               and
               to
               cause
               redresse
               to
               be
               made
               unto
               them
               for
               all
               damages
               done
               to
               them
               on
               Sea
               ,
               and
               Land
               during
               the
               said
               Truce
               ,
               Peace
               ,
               and
               Confederation
               ,
               and
               against
               the
               forme
               of
               the
               same
               by
               the
               said
               French
               their
               Assistants
               and
               Allies
               ,
               and
               to
               shew
               
               the
               clamour
               of
               the
               people
               for
               the
               said
               dis-inheritance
               ,
               and
               the
               damages
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               such
               clamour
               might
               happen
               ,
               and
               especially
               to
               retaine
               the
               Soveraignty
               ,
               which
               his
               Ancestors
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               used
               to
               have
               in
               the
               sayd
               Sea
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               as
               touching
               the
               ancient
               declaration
               ,
               and
               interpretation
               of
               Lawes
               by
               them
               made
               to
               governe
               all
               manner
               of
               people
               passing
               through
               the
               sayd
               Sea
               .
               And
               first
               to
               his
               Admirall
               ,
               and
               Masters
               ,
               and
               Marriners
               of
               the
               Ships
               
               of
               the
               Cinque Ports
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               &
               of
               all
               other
               Lands
               annexed
               to
               the
               Crowne
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               belonging
               to
               his
               Army
               in
               the
               said
               Sea
               ,
               the
               like
               formes
               of
               proceedings
               and
               letters
               be
               henceforth
               observed
               ,
               with
               all
               such
               amendment
               as
               may
               be
               ordained
               by
               the
               said
               Consells
               of
               our
               said
               Lord
               the
               King
               to
               the
               profit
               ,
               and
               honour
               of
               him
               .
            
          
           
             
               And
               moreover
               the
               Record
               following
               ,
               sheweth
               how
               much
               that
               great
               King
               
                 Edward
              
               the
               third
               held
               himselfe
               in
               honour
               bound
               not
               
               to
               suffer
               the
               dominion
               of
               the
               Sea
               to
               be
               lost
               ,
               or
               impaired
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               but
               especially
               wee
               are
               in
               it
               to
               observe
               that
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               were
               anciently
               as
               now
               
                 Domini
                 Anglicani
                 circumquaque
                 .
              
               Lords
               of
               the
               Seas
               environing
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               for
               so
               the
               words
               of
               the
               Record
               are
               .
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               dilecto
               ,
               &
               fideli
               suo
               Galfrido
               de
               Say
               ,
               Admirallo
               flotae
               suae
               naevium
               ab
               ore
               aquae
               Thamisiae
               ,
               versus
               partes
               Occidentales
               ,
               salutem
               .
               Cum
               nuper
               nos
               animadvertentes
               quod
               Progenitores
               nostrûm
               Reges
               Angliae
               ,
               
               Domini
               Maris
               Anglicatani
               circumquaque
               ,
               &
               etiam
               defensores
               contra
               hostium
               invasiones
               ante
               haec
               tempora
               extiterunt
               .
               Et
               plurimum
               nos
               taederet
               si
               honor
               noster
               regius
               in
               defensione
               hujusmodi
               armis
               (
               quod
               absit
               )
               depereat
               temporibus
               nostris
               ,
               aut
               in
               aliquo
               minuatur
               &c.
               
               Mandamus
               vobis
               quod
               statim
               visis
               presentibus
               ,
               et
               absque
               ulteriori
               dilatione
               ,
               naves
               portuum
               praedictorum
               &
               alias
               naves
               ,
               quae
               jam
               paratae
               existunt
               super
               mare
               tene
               atis
               .
            
          
           
             
               And
               first
               to
               the
               practique
               proofe
               of
               
               this
               Dominion
               ,
               and
               Superioritie
               in
               all
               succeeding
               times
               ,
               what
               can
               be
               more
               pertinent
               ,
               and
               materiall
               then
               to
               shew
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               successively
               have
               had
               the
               Soveraigne
               guard
               of
               the
               Seas
               .
            
             
               That
               they
               have
               imposed
               taxes
               and
               tributes
               upon
               all
               Ships
               passign
               and
               fishing
               therein
               .
            
             
               That
               they
               have
               stoped
               ,
               and
               opened
               the
               passage
               thereof
               ,
               to
               strangers
               as
               they
               saw
               cause
               .
            
             
             
               That
               all
               wrecks
               and
               and
               Royall
               fishes
               therein
               found
               are
               originally
               due
               and
               doe
               belong
               unto
               them
               .
            
             
               Every
               of
               which
               particulars
               the
               testimonies
               following
               will
               amply
               manifest
               .
            
             
               As
               touching
               therefore
               the
               guard
               of
               the
               Seas
               .
               It
               is
               apparent
               by
               the
               Records
               of
               Parliament
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               printed
               bookes
               of
               Statutes
               ,
               that
               Tomage
               and
               Poundage
               were
               granted
               ,
               as
               for
               other
               reasons
               ,
               so
               especially
               ,
               and
               all
               waies
               ,
               for
               
               enabling
               the
               King
               to
               guard
               the
               Seas
               .
               And
               accordingly
               divers
               admiralls
               from
               time
               to
               time
               were
               constituted
               by
               Commission
               for
               that
               purpose
               ,
               of
               which
               there
               are
               multitudes
               of
               presidents
               upon
               Records
               .
               It
               may
               suffice
               to
               insert
               this
               one
               instead
               of
               many
               .
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               Charissimo
               consanguineo
               suo
               
                 Henrico
                 Duci
                 Exoniae
              
               salutem
               .
               Sciatis
               cum
               nos
               &c.
               retinuerimus
               vos
               sub
               certis
               modo
               &
               forma
               ad
               proficiendum
               in
               servitio
               nostro
               supra
               Mare
               ,
               super
               custodiâ
               ejusdem
               ,
               
               &c.
               
               Ordin
               avimus
               &
               assignavimus
               vos
               ,
               &
               vobis
               tenore
               presentium
               plenam
               ,
               et
               sufficientem
               committimus
               ,
               et
               damus
               potestatem
               ,
               et
               authoritatem
               generalem
               et
               specialem
               ad
               proficiscendum
               supra
               mare
               cum
               retinentia
               vestra
               ,
               Piratasque
               et
               Spoliatores
               ,
               Mercatorum
               ,
               et
               Piscatorum
               tam
               Anglorum
               ,
               quam
               extraneorum
               cum
               eorum
               Navibus
               ,
               et
               capiend
               .
               et
               arrestand
               .
               et
               eos
               juxta
               casus
               et
               juris
               exigentiam
               similiter
               castigand
               .
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               And
               to
               this
               purpose
               wee
               finde
               frequent
               protections
               granted
               to
               
               such
               of
               the
               Subjects
               as
               were
               in
               service
               with
               their
               Admiralls
               ,
               As
               to
               
                 Thomas
                 Warren
              
               of
               
                 Bristoll
                 ,
                 qui
                 in
                 obsequium
                 Regis
                 in
                 comitiva
                 dilectiet
                 fidelis
                 consanguinei
              
               Johannis
               Comitis
               Wigorum
               
                 unius
                 custodum
                 Maris
                 super
                 salva
                 custodia
                 et
                 defensionem
                 ejusdem
                 Maris
                 moratur
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 So
                 likewise
                 unto
              
               Iohn
               Warde
               ,
               qui
               in
               obsequio
               Regis
               in
               comitiva
               dilecti
               ,
               &
               fidelis
               consanguinei
               nostri
               
                 Richardi
              
               comitis
               Sarum
               unius
               custodum
               Maris
               super
               salva
               custodia
               &
               defensione
               ejusdem
               profecturus
               est
               .
            
             
             
               
                 And
                 the
                 like
                 to
              
               Richard
               Clarke
               ,
               qui
               in
               Regis
               obsequio
               in
               comitiva
               dilecti
               &
               fidelis
               consanguinei
               Regis
               
                 Johannis
              
               comitis
               
                 Oxoniae
              
               unius
               custodum
               maris
               super
               salva
               custodia
               &
               defensione
               ejusdem
               moratur
               .
            
          
           
             
               I
               shall
               not
               need
               to
               more
               of
               elder
               times
               for
               declaration
               of
               this
               point
               ,
               since
               our
               owne
               memories
               can
               testifie
               that
               divers
               Ships
               have
               been
               sent
               forth
               by
               our
               Soveraignes
               at
               sundry
               times
               upon
               the
               like
               imployment
               ,
               besides
               those
               that
               have
               constantly
               
               kept
               the
               Narrow
               Seas
               ,
               unto
               which
               all
               strangers
               even
               at
               this
               day
               vaile
               Bonnet
               in
               acknowlegement
               of
               this
               Superioritie
               ,
               according
               to
               this
               Ordinance
               made
               by
               King
               
                 Iohn
              
               many
               hundred
               yeares
               past
               ,
               worthy
               to
               bee
               remembred
               ,
               and
               observed
               ,
               which
               out
               of
               the
               old
               French
               I
               have
               here
               verbatim
               translated
               into
               Enlish
               .
            
          
           
             
               
                 Item
                 ,
              
               
               It
               was
               ordained
               at
               
                 Hastings
              
               for
               a
               Law
               and
               Custome
               of
               the
               Sea
               in
               the
               second
               year
               of
               the
               raigne
               of
               King
               
               
                 John
                 ,
              
               by
               the
               advice
               of
               the
               Lords
               Temporall
               ,
               That
               if
               a
               Lievetenant
               in
               any
               voyage
               being
               ordained
               by
               Common
               Councell
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               doe
               incounter
               upon
               the
               Sea
               any
               Ships
               or
               vessels
               laden
               ,
               or
               unladen
               ,
               that
               will
               not
               strike
               and
               veile
               their
               Bonnets
               at
               the
               commandement
               of
               the
               Lievetenant
               of
               the
               King
               ,
               or
               of
               the
               Admirall
               of
               the
               King
               ,
               or
               his
               Lievetenant
               ,
               but
               will
               fight
               against
               them
               of
               the
               Fleet
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               can
               be
               taken
               ,
               they
               be
               reputed
               
               as
               enemies
               ,
               and
               their
               Ships
               ,
               Vessells
               ,
               and
               Goods
               taken
               ,
               and
               forfeited
               as
               the
               Goods
               of
               Enemies
               ,
               although
               the
               Masters
               or
               Possessers
               of
               the
               same
               would
               come
               afterwards
               and
               alledge
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               the
               Ships
               ,
               Vessels
               ,
               and
               Goods
               of
               those
               that
               are
               Friends
               to
               our
               Lord
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               common
               people
               being
               in
               the
               same
               bee
               chastised
               by
               imprisonment
               of
               their
               bodies
               for
               their
               rebellion
               ,
               by
               discretion
               .
            
          
           
             
               Concerning
               Taxes
               ,
               and
               Tributes
               imposed
               
               upon
               Ships
               passing
               ,
               and
               fishing
               upon
               our
               Seas
               ,
               and
               Coasts
               ,
               it
               will
               bee
               proper
               in
               the
               first
               place
               to
               set
               downe
               the
               Ordinance
               made
               in
               the
               second
               yeare
               of
               
                 Richard
              
               the
               second
               by
               the
               assent
               of
               the
               whole
               estate
               in
               the
               Parliament
               ,
               which
               upon
               the
               Roll
               of
               that
               yeare
               is
               recorded
               in
               these
               words
               .
            
          
           
             
               Ordinance
               et
               grant
               per
               I
               advise
               des
               Merchants
               de
               Londres
               et
               des
               autres
               Merchants
               vers
               le
               North
               per
               assent
               de
               touts
               les
               Commons
               de
               Parliament
               per
               devant
               le
               Countes
               
               de
               Northumberland
               et
               le
               Mayor
               de
               Londres
               pourle
               guard
               de
               mere
               et
               costs
               de
               Admirall
               des
               North
               aux
               deux
               niefs
               .
            
             
               Primerment
               pur
               prender
               de
               chacune
               neif
               et
               Crayer
               de
               quelque
               passage
               que
               passe
               per
               la
               mere
               le
               dit
               Admirall
               alant
               et
               retournant
               pur
               le
               voyage
               de
               de
               chacune
               Tonne
               tight
               vj
               .
               d
            
             
               Iten
               de
               prendre
               des
               autres
               neifs
               et
               vesseaux
               possioners
               et
               p●sson
               entour
               autres
               poissonniers
               sur
               le
               me
               re
               deins
               le
               dit
               Admiralty
               de
               quelle
               portage
               quil
               soit
               en
               troys
               Semanies
               de
               chacune
               
               Tonne
               tight
               :
               vj
               .
               d
            
             
               Iten
               de
               toutes
               autres
               neifs
               Crayes
               &
               vessaux
               passantes
               per
               mere
               deins
               le
               dit
               Admiralty
               charges
               ove
               biens
               de
               Merchants
               in
               Exprenx
               on
               en
               Northway
               on
               en
               Sion
               Ga
               de
               chacune
               Tomne
               tight
               vj
               .
               d
            
          
           
             
               In
               which
               Ordinance
               of
               Parliament
               wee
               may
               plainly
               observe
               that
               these
               payments
               were
               imposed
               upon
               all
               ships
               passengers
               as
               well
               as
               fishers
               within
               those
               Seas
               .
               And
               to
               the
               like
               purpose
               is
               this
               of
               
                 Edward
              
               the
               fourth
               .
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               dilectis
               &
               fidelibus
               
               
                 Iohanni
                 Henningham
              
               militi
               
                 Willo
                 Hopton
                 ,
              
               
               
                 Edv.
                 Ynce
                 ,
              
               &
               
                 Johanni
                 Wamfllet
                 ;
              
               salutem
               Sciatis
               ,
               quod
               cum
               nos
               pro
               securitate
               Subditorum
               nostrorum
               commitatum
               
                 Northhampt
                 .
              
               &
               
                 Southhampt
                 .
              
               quam
               Navium
               ,
               &
               Piscatorum
               aui
               super
               mare
               per
               Costenus
               eorundem
               Comitatum
               piscari
               voluerunt
               sub
               conductu
               &
               salva
               gardua
               dilectorum
               &
               fidelium
               nostrorum
               
                 Edw.
                 Ynce
                 ,
                 Johannis
                 Dabey
                 ,
              
               unius
               valectorum
               Coronae
               ,
               et
               
                 Will.
                 Thederston
                 ,
              
               quos
               custodes
               ,
               conductores
               ,
               et
               Waftores
               
               pro
               securitate
               dictorum
               Piscatorum
               versus
               inimicos
               nostros
               ,
               super
               mare
               existentes
               ,
               ad
               presens
               ordinavimus
               ,
               de
               fidelitate
               ,
               et
               provida
               circumspectione
               vestris
               plenius
               confidentes
               ,
               assignavimus
               vos
               conjunctim
               ,
               et
               divisim
               ,
               ac
               vobis
               plenam
               potestatem
               et
               authoritatem
               tenore
               presentium
               damus
               et
               committimus
               ,
               tam
               ad
               custodes
               ,
               conductores
               ,
               et
               Waftores
               illos
               supervi
               vendum
               ,
               quam
               ad
               communicandum
               cum
               quibusdam
               Pifatoribus
               cujuscunque
               patriae
               fuerint
               ,
               qui
               in
               partibus
               
               praedictis
               ,
               sub
               securitate
               dictorum
               ,
               
                 Edmundi
                 Ynce
                 ,
                 Iohannis
                 Dabey
                 ,
              
               et
               
                 Will
                 .
                 Federston
              
               piscari
               voluerint
               ,
               Quod
               ipsi
               piscatores
               et
               eorum
               quilibet
               ad
               omnia
               ,
               et
               omnimoda
               costas
               onera
               et
               expensas
               eisdem
               custodibus
               conductoribus
               et
               waftoribus
               persentium
               sint
               tempore
               piscationū
               contributores
               ,
               ad
               hujusmodi
               costas
               ,
               onera
               ,
               et
               expensas
               illa
               de
               hujusmodi
               piscationibus
               ,
               piscatorum
               praedictorum
               ,
               ubicunque
               inueniri
               poterunt
               ,
               levandum
               et
               colligendum
               .
               Nec
               non
               ad
               omnes
               alios
               fore
               custodes
               ,
               
               conductores
               ,
               sive
               waftores
               alios
               ,
               quam
               prenominatos
               ,
               presumentes
               ,
               vel
               attemptantes
               ,
               arrestandi
               ,
               et
               capiendi
               et
               prox
               .
               Goalae
               nostrae
               committendum
               ibidem
               salvo
               ,
               et
               secure
               ,
               quousque
               eorundem
               deliberatione
               ordinavimus
               ,
               custodiendum
               ,
               similiter
               authoritatem
               et
               potestatem
               damus
               et
               committimus
               .
               Et
               ideo
               vobis
               et
               cuilibet
               vestrum
               mandamus
               quod
               circa
               praemissa
               diligenter
               intendatis
               ,
               et
               ea
               faciatis
               et
               exequamini
               in
               forma
               praedicta
               .
            
          
           
             
               In
               this
               Record
               is
               manifestly
               exprest
               that
               
               the
               King
               appointed
               wafters
               to
               guard
               the
               fishers
               ,
               not
               only
               of
               his
               owne
               realme
               but
               forrainers
               and
               strangers
               that
               fish
               upon
               his
               coasts
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               wafters
               tooke
               a
               rateable
               proportion
               of
               every
               Ship
               towards
               their
               costs
               ,
               and
               expences
               ,
               in
               securing
               their
               fishing
               .
               And
               lastly
               that
               these
               wafters
               were
               to
               prohibit
               all
               other
               wafters
               whatsoever
               that
               presumed
               to
               take
               that
               office
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               to
               commit
               them
               to
               prison
               there
               to
               attend
               the
               Kings
               pleasure
               .
               
            
             
             
               To
               this
               effect
               the
               venerable
               
                 Camden
              
               in
               his
               description
               of
               the
               North
               riding
               of
               Yorkshire
               saith
               ,
               that
               the
               Hollanders
               in
               their
               fishing
               for
               herring
               upon
               the
               Northcoasts
               of
               England
               did
               first
               obtaine
               licence
               of
               Scarborough
               Castle
               for
               to
               doe
               .
            
             
               But
               that
               which
               is
               most
               materiall
               to
               the
               Soveraigne
               command
               ,
               and
               proprietie
               of
               our
               King
               in
               this
               point
               of
               fishing
               ,
               especially
               appeareth
               in
               that
               all
               Neighbour
               Princes
               have
               by
               treatie
               
               obtained
               licence
               for
               their
               Subjects
               to
               fish
               in
               our
               seas
               .
               As
               in
               truce
               ,
               and
               abstinence
               of
               war
               agreed
               betweene
               
                 Henry
              
               the
               fourth
               ,
               and
               the
               French
               ,
               to
               the
               intent
               the
               Fishermen
               might
               fish
               in
               all
               parts
               ,
               the
               King
               sent
               forth
               his
               Letters
               ,
               as
               followeth
               .
            
          
           
             
               Le
               Roy
               au
               toutz
               nous
               Admiralls
               &
               a
               fin
               qu'en
               cest
               present
               herringinson
               les
               poissonniers
               de
               l'un
               pertie
               ,
               &
               de
               l'auter
               puissoint
               peshenre
               plus
               seurement
               in
               le
               mere
               les
               Herrings
               ,
               &
               touts
               autres
               
               poissons
               entre
               le
               haven
               de
               Scarborough
               ,
               &
               de
               fin
               de
               pays
               de
               Flanders
               verle
               East
               &
               dillonques
               sur
               le
               coast
               de
               Angleterre
               insanes
               an
               haven
               de
               Southampton
               &
               sur
               le
               coast
               du
               Royanne
               de
               Frence
               de
               le
               dit
               fin
               de
               tout
               le
               dit
               pays
               de
               Flanders
               nisques
               a
               riviere
               de
               Sound
               ,
               sc.
               voulomus
               &
               avomus
               ordonne
               &
               oustre
               ordonnomus
               ottryons
               per
               ses
               presents
               ;
               Que
               touts
               les
               poissonniers
               de
               la
               dite
               partie
               de
               France
               poissoynt
               pesher
               seurement
               les
               herrens
               &
               toutz
               autres
               pessons
               
               durant
               cest
               herringnison
               &
               nisques
               an
               primer
               jour
               de
               Januarie
               prochainment
               a
               vener
               &
               denis
               &
               entre
               les
               bounds
               dessus
               limites
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               like
               liberty
               was
               granted
               by
               treaty
               between
               
                 Henry
              
               the
               sixt
               and
               the
               Dutchesse
               of
               
                 Burgundy
              
               to
               those
               of
               
                 Brabant
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Flanders
                 ,
              
               witnessed
               by
               the
               Record
               following
               .
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               omnibus
               ad
               quos
               ,
               &c.
               
               Inspeximus
               quasdam
               continuationem
               ,
               prorogationem
               ,
               &
               elargationem
               
               nuper
               facta
               super
               facto
               intercur
               sus
               ,
               &
               commutationis
               Merchandiz
               &
               Piscariae
               maris
               &
               aliarum
               rerum
               necessarium
               ad
               utilitatem
               communem
               nostrorum
               regni
               Angliae
               dominii
               &
               Hiberniae
               et
               villae
               Caliciae
               ex
               una
               parte
               ,
               et
               Ducatus
               Comitatus
               patriae
               Brabantiae
               ,
               Flandriae
               ,
               et
               Dominii
               villae
               Machlinae
               ex
               altera
               parte
               .
               
                 Amongst
                 other
                 Articles
                 this
                 is
                 one
                 .
              
            
             
               Item
               et
               touts
               pecheurs
               tam
               de
               Angleterre
               Ireland
               ,
               et
               Calais
               peaceablement
               aller
               partont
               sur
               le
               mer
               pur
               pischer
               et
               
               gaigner
               leur
               venvre
               fans
               impeachment
               on
               disturber
               de
               l'vne
               partie
               on
               de
               l'auter
               .
            
          
           
             
               So
               in
               a
               Truce
               to
               endure
               for
               thirty
               yeares
               between
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               and
               his
               heires
               on
               the
               one
               party
               ,
               and
               the
               Duke
               of
               
                 Burgundy
              
               and
               his
               heires
               on
               the
               other
               part
               .
               One
               Article
               is
               .
            
          
           
             
               Item
               et
               touts
               pecheurs
               tam
               D'angleter
               quam
               d'Ireland
               et
               de
               Calais
               sicome
               de
               pais
               de
               Mon
               Sur
               le
               Duke
               quelqueles
               soyent
               purront
               peaceablement
               aller
               par
               tout
               sur
               le
               mer
               pur
               pescher
               ,
               et
               
               sans
               〈◊〉
               lour
               so
               it
               be
               saigne
               sur
               ceo
               requirer
               ou
               obtitiner
               asc
               licence
               conge
               ou
               sau●
               conduict
               ,
               etc.
               
            
          
           
             
               The
               like
               in
               a
               truce
               ,
               
               and
               abstinence
               of
               War
               ,
               to
               endure
               the
               space
               of
               thirty
               yeares
               betweene
               
                 Edward
              
               the
               fourth
               and
               his
               heires
               on
               the
               one
               part
               ,
               and
               
                 Francis
              
               Duke
               of
               
                 Brittaine
              
               on
               the
               other
               part
               ,
               where
               one
               Article
               is
               .
            
          
           
             
               Item
               et
               touts
               ,
               pescheurs
               tam
               D'angleter
               '
               sicome
               du
               dit
               pais
               et
               Duche
               de
               Britaigne
               quelqueles
               soyent
               purront
               peaceablement
               aller
               par
               tout
               sur
               mer
               pur
               pescher
               ,
               et
               
               gaigner
               lour
               unture
               ,
               sans
               impeachment
               ou
               disturber
               delv'ne
               partie
               au
               de
               la'uter
               ,
               et
               sans
               ceo
               lour
               soit
               besaigne
               sur
               ceo
               requirer
               sans
               conduct
               .
            
          
           
             
               Moreover
               ,
               
                 Philip
              
               the
               second
               ,
               King
               of
               
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               in
               the
               first
               yeare
               of
               Queen
               
                 Mary
              
               obtained
               license
               for
               his
               subjects
               to
               fish
               upon
               the
               North
               coast
               of
               
                 Ireland
              
               for
               the
               terme
               of
               one
               and
               twenty
               yeares
               ,
               paying
               yearly
               for
               the
               same
               a
               thousand
               pound
               ,
               which
               was
               accordingly
               brought
               into
               the
               Exchequer
               of
               
                 Ireland
                 ,
              
               and
               received
               
               of
               Sir
               
                 Henry
                 Fitton
                 ,
              
               being
               then
               Treasurer
               there
               ,
               as
               his
               sonne
               Sir
               
                 Edward
                 Fitton
              
               hath
               often
               testified
               .
            
             
               To
               conclude
               this
               point
               ;
               It
               is
               notorious
               ,
               that
               at
               this
               day
               the
               King
               of
               
                 France
              
               (
               as
               others
               of
               his
               predecessors
               have
               done
               )
               by
               the
               speciall
               license
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               fisheth
               upon
               our
               Coasts
               neare
               
                 Rye
                 ,
              
               with
               a
               set
               ,
               and
               limited
               number
               of
               small
               boates
               ,
               and
               that
               onely
               for
               provision
               of
               his
               own
               houshold
               ,
               being
               tyed
               to
               observe
               the
               Orders
               and
               Lawes
               of
               
               his
               owne
               Fishermen
               ;
               for
               breach
               whereof
               divers
               of
               his
               Subjects
               of
               late
               years
               have
               been
               taken
               and
               imprisoned
               in
               
                 Dover
              
               Castle
               ,
               and
               elswhere
               .
            
             
               Nor
               doth
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               in
               these
               particulars
               claime
               ,
               or
               use
               any
               exorbitant
               Jurisdictions
               ,
               and
               differing
               from
               that
               of
               other
               States
               and
               Princes
               in
               like
               case
               ,
               who
               generally
               give
               Aliens
               lawes
               to
               passe
               or
               fish
               in
               the
               seas
               coasting
               upon
               their
               Territories
               .
               And
               also
               impose
               Taxes
               and
               Tributes
               for
               their
               owne
               
               profit
               and
               commodity
               .
            
             
               The
               Emperour
               of
               
                 Russia
              
               compelleth
               all
               Fishermen
               within
               the
               Seas
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               many
               Leagues
               from
               the
               Maine
               to
               pay
               him
               Tribute
               .
            
             
               In
               
                 Scotland
              
               and
               other
               Islands
               under
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Swede
              
               they
               are
               enforced
               to
               pay
               Taxes
               .
            
             
               The
               King
               of
               
                 Denmarke
              
               at
               his
               Wardhouse
               in
               the
               Sound
               ,
               hath
               for
               a
               Licence
               a
               Doller
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               Seale
               or
               Rose
               ,
               a
               Noble
               of
               every
               Ship
               ,
               and
               for
               
               every
               last
               of
               Herrings
               ,
               being
               12
               barrels
               ,
               a
               Doller
               .
            
             
               The
               Duke
               of
               
                 Medina
                 Sidonia
              
               in
               
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               hath
               his
               greatest
               revenues
               out
               of
               the
               Taxes
               layed
               upon
               Fishermen
               for
               their
               fishing
               in
               
                 Tourney
                 .
              
            
             
               All
               Princes
               of
               
                 Italy
              
               bordering
               upon
               the
               Seas
               receive
               a
               proportion
               of
               like
               benefit
               .
            
             
               And
               the
               
                 Hollanders
              
               themselves
               impose
               taxes
               on
               the
               fishes
               taken
               by
               their
               owne
               Fishermen
               in
               our
               Seas
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Englands
              
               Soveraignty
               
               in
               opening
               and
               stopping
               the
               passage
               of
               his
               Seas
               ,
               the
               presidents
               of
               ancient
               times
               imbarging
               ,
               and
               staying
               ,
               not
               onely
               Pyrates
               or
               Enemies
               ,
               but
               friends
               also
               that
               were
               suspected
               to
               trade
               with
               Enemies
               ,
               or
               had
               done
               particular
               wrong
               to
               the
               English
               subjects
               ,
               or
               upon
               some
               other
               urgent
               occasion
               ,
               or
               reason
               of
               State
               ,
               are
               so
               frequent
               in
               Record
               of
               Story
               ,
               that
               the
               transcribing
               and
               reading
               of
               a
               thing
               so
               generally
               known
               ,
               would
               certainly
               bee
               esteemed
               losse
               of
               time
               &
               labour
               .
            
             
             
               I
               remember
               those
               of
               
                 Hamborough
                 ,
              
               and
               other
               Easterlings
               (
               though
               in
               amitie
               with
               us
               )
               in
               the
               late
               raigne
               of
               Queene
               
                 Elizabeth
              
               of
               famous
               memory
               ,
               were
               notwithstanding
               stayed
               from
               passing
               through
               our
               Seas
               towards
               
                 Spain
                 ,
              
               and
               good
               prize
               made
               of
               all
               other
               Nations
               that
               attempted
               to
               doe
               the
               like
               without
               license
               first
               had
               and
               obtained
               from
               hence
               .
            
             
               I
               will
               therefore
               only
               note
               by
               the
               way
               to
               this
               purpose
               ,
               that
               strangers
               being
               to
               passe
               through
               our
               Seas
               either
               in
               
               coming
               to
               us
               ,
               or
               going
               to
               any
               other
               place
               without
               so
               much
               as
               touching
               upon
               any
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Englands
              
               Countries
               ,
               have
               used
               to
               take
               safe
               conducts
               ,
               and
               licenses
               of
               our
               Kings
               to
               secure
               them
               ,
               and
               protect
               them
               in
               their
               passage
               ,
               thereby
               acknowledging
               the
               right
               of
               their
               superiotie
               in
               this
               behalfe
               in
               the
               Seas
               .
               Of
               which
               sort
               amongst
               many
               ,
               the
               recitall
               of
               these
               two
               shall
               suffice
               .
               
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               per
               literas
               suas
               patentes
               per
               triennium
               duraturas
               suscepit
               in
               
               salvum
               ,
               &
               securum
               conductum
               suum
               ,
               ac
               in
               protectionem
               ,
               tuitionem
               &
               defensionem
               suas
               speciales
               
                 Edw.
                 Sygal
              
               et
               Opicinum
               Lomeline
               de
               Jean
               Mercatores
               cum
               bonis
               ,
               &
               Merchandizis
               suis
               in
               quibusdam
               Bargis
               ,
               Carakis
               ,
               sive
               navibus
               in
               partibus
               Janus
               carcatis
               ,
               &
               alibi
               carcandis
               ,
               ab
               iisdem
               partibus
               in
               Regnum
               ,
               Dominum
               et
               potestatem
               nostra
               veniendam
               ,
               et
               exinde
               ad
               partes
               suas
               proprias
               tam
               per
               terram
               quam
               per
               mare
               transeundo
               ,
               et
               redeundo
               .
            
          
           
             
               This
               was
               granted
               to
               certaine
               Merchants
               
               comming
               with
               their
               Shippes
               ,
               and
               goods
               out
               of
               
                 Italy
              
               into
               
                 England
                 .
              
            
             
               That
               which
               followeth
               was
               to
               those
               which
               passed
               the
               Seas
               as
               well
               to
               other
               places
               ,
               
                 ubicunque
                 placuerit
                 ,
              
               as
               this
               kingdome
               .
               
            
          
           
             
               Rex
               per
               literas
               suas
               patentes
               de
               gratia
               sua
               speciali
               suscepit
               in
               salvum
               &
               securum
               conductum
               suum
               ,
               ac
               in
               protectionem
               ,
               tuitionem
               ,
               &
               defensionem
               suas
               speciales
               
                 Robertum
                 Forrester
                 ,
                 Rogerum
              
               de
               
                 Clerk
                 ,
                 Leonardum
                 Blanch
                 ,
              
               &
               
                 Johannem
              
               de
               
                 Conwillis
                 ,
              
               
               Mercatores
               de
               
                 Normania
                 ,
              
               et
               eorum
               quemlibet
               ,
               ac
               factores
               ,
               Attornatos
               ,
               et
               servientes
               suos
               et
               quemlibet
               eorum
               in
               regnum
               Regis
               Angliae
               ,
               ac
               alia
               Dominia
               ,
               Jurisdictiones
               et
               territoria
               Regis
               Angliae
               quaecunque
               vel
               alibi
               ubicunque
               eis
               placuerit
               cum
               una
               nave
               vocatale
               
                 grace
                 de
                 Dieu
                 de
                 Roven
                 ,
              
               portage
               90.
               
               Doliorum
               ,
               vel
               infra
               unde
               
                 Johannes
              
               de
               
                 Bognas
                 ,
                 Nundinas
              
               de
               
                 Basher
                 ,
                 Martinus
                 Hunday
                 ,
                 Johannes
              
               de
               
                 Blanch
                 ,
                 Johannes
                 Massey
                 ,
              
               vel
               
                 Wilielmus
                 Emry
                 ,
              
               est
               Magister
               Quibusdam
               bonis
               
               vel
               Merchandizis
               carcatae
               et
               cum
               20.
               
               Marinariis
               ,
               et
               uno
               pagetto
               vel
               infra
               pro
               gubernatione
               ejusdem
               Navis
               ,
               nec
               non
               pro
               rebus
               ,
               hernesiis
               et
               aliis
               armaturis
               quibuscunque
               pro
               corporibus
               corum
               ;
               et
               pro
               defensione
               ejusdem
               navis
               necessariis
               et
               defensibilibus
               ,
               secum
               habendis
               ,
               et
               ferendic
               .
            
          
           
             
               It
               remaineth
               to
               shew
               that
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               prerogative
               and
               soveraigntie
               all
               manner
               of
               wrecks
               ,
               and
               royall
               fishes
               taken
               in
               our
               seas
               ,
               are
               due
               unto
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               onely
               ,
               or
               
               unto
               such
               unto
               whom
               by
               special
               charters
               they
               have
               granted
               the
               same
               .
            
             
               For
               manifestation
               hereof
               ,
               although
               the
               known
               and
               continued
               practise
               might
               suffice
               ,
               we
               are
               to
               take
               notice
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               fundamentall
               Laws
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ,
               the
               King
               shall
               have
               wreack
               of
               the
               sea
               ,
               all
               Whales
               and
               Sturgions
               taken
               therein
               with
               Porpoyces
               ,
               and
               other
               royall
               fishes
               :
               And
               for
               declaration
               of
               this
               Law
               ,
               the
               Statute
               made
               17
               
                 Edw.
              
               2.
               concerning
               the
               Kings
               prerogative
               ,
               saith
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Item
               Rex
               habebit
               wreccum
               maris
               per
               totum
               regnum
               Balenas
               ,
               
               et
               Sturgiones
               captas
               in
               mare
               ,
               vel
               alibi
               infra
               regnum
               ,
               exceptis
               quibusdam
               privilegiatis
               locis
               per
               Regem
               .
            
          
           
             
               So
               likewise
               Porpoyces
               are
               adjudged
               to
               belong
               unto
               the
               King
               ,
               unlesse
               any
               man
               can
               claime
               the
               same
               by
               Charter
               ,
               or
               Prescription
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               in
               ancient
               Charters
               granted
               by
               our
               Kings
               to
               particular
               places
               and
               persons
               ,
               and
               among
               other
               liberties
               ,
               
                 wreccum
                 maris
              
               is
               usually
               
               passed
               by
               special
               words
               arguing
               the
               Kings
               soveraigne
               right
               ,
               and
               power
               to
               dispose
               thereof
               at
               his
               pleasure
               ,
               by
               vertue
               whereof
               Wreck
               at
               this
               day
               is
               taken
               and
               enjoyed
               by
               many
               ,
               as
               well
               Towns
               and
               Corporations
               as
               private
               men
               .
            
             
               But
               for
               cleare
               proofe
               of
               the
               right
               ,
               and
               practise
               of
               this
               Soveraignty
               ,
               the
               Record
               following
               is
               very
               remarkable
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               omitted
               .
            
             
               In
               a
               plea
               betweene
               
                 Peter
                 de
                 St.
                 Cleere
              
               the
               Abbat
               of
               
                 Cherbourgh
                 .
              
               
               and
               
                 Godfery
                 de
                 Carteret
              
               Attorney
               for
               the
               Prior
               (
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Monasterie
               is
               worne
               out
               of
               the
               Record
               )
               concerning
               2
               Tuns
               of
               Wine
               found
               by
               certain
               Marriners
               
                 in
                 alto
                 Mari
                 ,
              
               
               and
               by
               them
               brought
               to
               land
               through
               certain
               places
               ,
               where
               the
               said
               parties
               claimed
               to
               have
               liberty
               of
               wreck
               .
               After
               long
               debate
               ,
               and
               full
               hearing
               of
               the
               case
               recited
               at
               length
               in
               the
               Record
               ,
               the
               conclusion
               and
               judgement
               is
               as
               followeth
               .
            
          
           
             
               Et
               
                 Willielmus
              
               de
               
                 Marciis
              
               qui
               sequitur
               pro
               
               Domino
               Rege
               dicit
               quod
               nullus
               eorum
               petere
               potest
               praedicta
               vina
               et
               wreccum
               ,
               quia
               dicit
               quod
               ea
               tantummodo
               sunt
               wreccum
               ,
               quae
               fluctus
               Maris
               projiciunt
               ad
               terram
               ,
               vel
               infra
               portum
               ,
               vel
               tam
               prope
               terrm
               quod
               astantihus
               in
               terra
               possint
               perpendi
               ,
               et
               sic
               ducantur
               ,
               vel
               trahentur
               ad
               portum
               ,
               et
               ea
               ,
               quae
               reperta
               sunt
               in
               alto
               Mari
               unde
               wreccum
               non
               existit
               ,
               quod
               fluctus
               Maris
               ea
               vellent
               projicere
               ,
               sed
               per
               laborem
               Marrinariorum
               leventur
               à
               Mari
               ,
               et
               ponantur
               in
               Navi
               ,
               vel
               batello
               ,
               et
               sic
               invasi
               ducantur
               
               ad
               terram
               et
               non
               tangunt
               terram
               alicujus
               per
               trahimitronem
               nec
               alio
               quovismodo
               ,
               non
               possunt
               
               sed
               sunt
               tantummodo
               de
               adventuris
               maris
               ,
               de
               quibus
               nullus
               potest
               aliquid
               clamare
               nisi
               salvatores
               ,
               
               et
               Dominus
               Rex
               concessit
               libertatem
               percipiendi
               hujusmodi
               adventuras
               .
               Et
               petit
               judicium
               pro
               Domino
               Rege
               .
               Et
               praedictus
               
                 Petrus
                 ,
              
               et
               alii
               non
               possunt
               hoc
               dedicere
               .
               Et
               ideo
               consideratum
               est
               quod
               praedicta
               vina
               remaneant
               Domino
               Regi
               (
               salva
               salvatoribus
               parte
               sua
               )
               et
               
                 Petrus
                 ,
              
               et
               alii
               
               in
               misericordia
               pro
               falso
               clamore
               .
               Postea
               unum
               de
               praedictis
               doliis
               concessum
               fuit
               praedicto
               priori
               pro
               LXs
               .
               de
               parte
               sua
               et
               de
               XXs
               .
               residuis
               respondet
               Domino
               Regi
               .
            
          
           
             
               Whence
               wee
               are
               to
               observe
               ,
               that
               all
               findings
               ,
               or
               things
               floating
               in
               
                 alto
                 Mari
                 ,
              
               and
               consequently
               the
               maine
               Sea
               ,
               or
               Channell
               it self
               ,
               belongeth
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               of
               which
               those
               that
               finde
               the
               same
               are
               to
               have
               two
               parts
               of
               three
               for
               their
               share
               ,
               in
               respect
               of
               their
               paines
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               third
               
               part
               is
               due
               to
               the
               King
               .
            
             
               For
               conclusion
               of
               that
               which
               hath
               been
               shewed
               already
               ,
               I
               have
               thought
               fit
               to
               adde
               such
               presidents
               out
               of
               the
               municipall
               ,
               and
               common
               Lawes
               of
               the
               kingdome
               ,
               marshalled
               together
               in
               one
               body
               ,
               or
               classis
               ,
               as
               do
               affirme
               this
               ,
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Englands
              
               Prerogative
               ,
               and
               supreame
               Jurisdiction
               in
               ,
               and
               over
               the
               Seas
               ,
               which
               being
               severally
               applyed
               to
               such
               heads
               as
               are
               formerly
               set
               downe
               will
               evidently
               evict
               the
               truth
               thereof
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Bracton
               
                 in
                 his
                 booke
              
               de
               acquirendo
               rerum
               dominio
               
                 saith
                 .
              
               
               Si
               autem
               insula
               in
               mari
               nata
               est
               (
               quod
               raro
               accidit
               )
               occupantis
               sit
               &
               per
               consequens
               Regis
               propter
               suum
               privi
               legium
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               same
               
                 Bracton
              
               affirmeth
               that
               one
               of
               the
               Articles
               to
               bee
               enquired
               before
               the
               Justices
               &
               Merchants
               was
               ,
               
                 de
                 purpresturis
                 factis
                 super
                 dominum
                 Regem
                 sive
                 in
                 mari
                 &c.
                 
              
               
            
             
               6.
               R.
               2.
               upon
               an
               action
               of
               debt
               ,
               the
               defendant
               sued
               forth
               a
               protection
               .
               At
               which
               
               time
               Justice
               
                 Belknapp
              
               tooke
               exception
               saying
               ,
               the
               protection
               is
               ,
               
                 quia
                 profecturus
                 est
                 super
                 mare
              
               with
               
                 G.
                 K.
              
               Ad
               mirall
               ;
               and
               you
               never
               saw
               protection
               allowed
               of
               ,
               if
               the
               partie
               did
               not
               goe
               out
               of
               the
               legiance
               of
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               in
               the
               parts
               of
               
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 Gascoignie
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 France
                 .
              
               But
               the
               Sea
               is
               of
               the
               legeance
               of
               the
               King
               of
               his
               Crowne
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               wherefore
               it
               seemeth
               the
               protection
               is
               allowable
               ,
               
               and
               you
               never
               saw
               such
               a
               protection
               allowed
               before
               this
               day
               ,
               
               But
               afterwards
               an
               expresse
               writ
               came
               out
               of
               the
               Chauncerie
               ,
               commanding
               the
               protection
               to
               be
               allowed
               .
            
             
               A
               child
               borne
               upon
               the
               Kings
               Seas
               is
               not
               an
               Alien
               by
               the
               common
               law
               .
            
             
               
                 Tempore
                 Edw.
              
               1.
               a
               replevin
               was
               brought
               of
               a
               Ship
               taken
               upon
               the
               wast
               of
               Scarborough
               on
               the
               sea
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               carried
               into
               the
               Countie
               of
               
                 Norfolke
                 ,
              
               to
               which
               
                 Mutford
              
               tooke
               two
               exceptions
               ,
               one
               because
               no
               certaine
               Towne
               ,
               or
               place
               was
               named
               from
               
               whence
               the
               visne
               should
               come
               ;
               for
               the
               wast
               extendeth
               foure
               leagues
               .
               Secondly
               because
               of
               a
               thing
               done
               upon
               the
               Sea
               ,
               this
               Court
               cannot
               have
               cognizance
               .
               To
               which
               Justice
               
                 Beresford
              
               said
               that
               the
               king
               will
               that
               peace
               be
               kept
               as
               well
               upon
               the
               Sea
               ,
               as
               upon
               the
               land
               ;
               and
               we
               finde
               that
               you
               are
               come
               in
               upon
               due
               proces
               ,
               and
               so
               no
               cause
               but
               that
               you
               should
               make
               answer
               .
            
             
               Doctor
               and
               Student
               saith
               ,
               that
               the
               king
               is
               Lord
               of
               the
               narrow
               
               Seas
               ,
               as
               bound
               to
               scowre
               the
               sea
               of
               Pirates
               ,
               and
               petty
               Robbers
               ,
               and
               therefore
               shall
               have
               wreck
               of
               the
               sea
               .
            
             
               By
               the
               common
               Law
               the
               King
               shall
               have
               
                 Flostan
                 ,
                 Jestan
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Ligan
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Flostan
              
               being
               such
               Goods
               as
               after
               shipwrack
               doe
               floate
               upon
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               water
               .
            
             
               
                 Jestan
              
               are
               all
               manner
               of
               goods
               that
               the
               Marriners
               being
               in
               danger
               do
               cast
               out
               of
               the
               ship
               perished
               .
            
             
               By
               
                 Ligan
              
               is
               understood
               
               all
               things
               that
               are
               ponderous
               ,
               and
               in
               shipwrack
               doe
               sinke
               to
               the
               ground
               and
               bottome
               of
               the
               sea
               .
            
             
               By
               all
               which
               presidents
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               by
               the
               common
               Law
               of
               the
               land
               the
               king
               is
               proprietory
               Lord
               of
               our
               seas
               ;
               that
               the
               seas
               of
               
                 England
              
               are
               under
               the
               legeance
               of
               the
               king
               ,
               that
               the
               king
               is
               the
               soveraigne
               conservator
               of
               the
               peace
               as
               well
               upon
               the
               sea
               as
               land
               ,
               That
               not
               onely
               things
               floating
               on
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               water
               but
               such
               as
               lye
               upon
               
               the
               soile
               or
               ground
               thereof
               ,
               belong
               properly
               unto
               the
               king
               ,
               whereupon
               I
               conclude
               ,
               That
               
                 Rex
                 Maris
                 imperio
                 Dominio
                 et
                 fundo
                 possidet
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               that
               it
               may
               appeare
               how
               great
               a
               King
               the
               King
               of
               
                 England
              
               is
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               his
               soveraignty
               and
               dominion
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               bee
               amisse
               to
               take
               a
               view
               of
               the
               inestimable
               riches
               and
               commodities
               ,
               which
               (
               besides
               ourselves
               )
               other
               nations
               our
               neighbours
               doe
               daily
               reape
               especially
               by
               fishing
               in
               our
               seas
               ,
               
               insomuch
               that
               no
               Christian
               Prince
               of
               the
               world
               is
               Lord
               of
               any
               Territory
               ,
               that
               (
               considering
               all
               circumstances
               )
               yeeldeth
               the
               like
               constant
               ,
               and
               generall
               benefit
               ;
               for
               proofe
               whereof
               I
               will
               briefly
               set
               downe
               such
               observations
               as
               others
               have
               heretofore
               made
               ,
               and
               we
               our selves
               find
               by
               daily
               experience
               to
               be
               true
               beyond
               all
               exception
               .
            
          
        
         
         
           
             The
             inestimable
             Riches
             and
             Commodities
             of
             the
             Brittish
             Seas
             .
          
           
             THE
             Coasts
             of
             Great
             Brittaine
             doe
             yeeld
             such
             a
             continuall
             Sea-harvest
             of
             gaine
             ,
             and
             benefit
             to
             all
             those
             that
             with
             diligence
             doe
             labour
             in
             the
             same
             ,
             that
             no
             time
             or
             season
             in
             the
             yeare
             passeth
             in
             the
             yeare
             passeth
             away
             without
             some
             apparent
             meanes
             of
             profitable
             imployment
             ,
             especially
             to
             such
             as
             apply
             themselves
             
             to
             fishing
             ,
             which
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             yeare
             unto
             the
             latter
             end
             ,
             continueth
             upon
             some
             part
             ,
             or
             other
             upon
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             therein
             such
             infinite
             shoales
             and
             multitudes
             of
             fishes
             are
             offered
             to
             the
             takers
             as
             may
             justly
             move
             admiration
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             strangers
             but
             to
             those
             that
             daily
             bee
             imployed
             amongst
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             Summer
             fishing
             for
             herring
             begineth
             about
             
               Midsommer
            
             and
             lasteth
             some
             part
             of
             
               August
               .
            
          
           
             The
             winter
             fishing
             
             for
             herring
             lasteth
             from
             
               September
            
             to
             the
             midst
             of
             
               November
               ,
            
             both
             which
             extend
             in
             place
             from
             
               Boughones
            
             in
             
               Scotland
            
             to
             the
             Thames
             mouth
             .
          
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Cod
             at
             
               Alamby
               Wirlington
               ,
            
             and
             
               White
               haven
            
             neare
             the
             coast
             of
             
               Lancashire
            
             from
             
               Easter
            
             untill
             
               Whitsontide
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Hake
             at
             
               Aberdeny
               ,
               Abveswhich
            
             and
             other
             places
             betweene
             
               Wales
               ,
            
             and
             
               Ireland
            
             from
             
               Whitsontide
            
             to
             
               Saint
               Iames
               tide
               .
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             of
             Cod
             ,
             
             and
             Ling
             about
             
               Padstow
            
             within
             the
             land
             ,
             and
             of
             
               Severne
            
             from
             
               Christmas
            
             to
             
               Midlent
               .
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Cod
             on
             the
             West
             part
             of
             
               Ireland
            
             frequented
             by
             those
             of
             
               Biscay
               ,
               Galicia
               ,
            
             and
             
               Portugall
            
             from
             the
             beginning
             of
             
               Aprill
            
             untill
             the
             end
             of
             
               Iune
               .
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Cod
             ,
             and
             Linge
             on
             the
             North
             ,
             and
             Northeast
             of
             
               Ireland
               ,
            
             from
             
               Christmas
            
             untill
             
               Michealmas
               .
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Pilchers
             on
             the
             west
             coast
             of
             
               England
            
             from
             
               St.
               Iames
            
             tide
             untill
             
               Michaelmas
               .
            
          
           
           
             The
             fishing
             for
             Cod
             ,
             and
             Ling
             upon
             the
             Northeast
             of
             
               England
            
             from
             
               Easter
            
             untill
             
               Midsommer
               .
            
          
           
             The
             fishing
             of
             great
             Staple
             Ling
             and
             many
             other
             sorts
             of
             fish
             lying
             about
             the
             Ilands
             of
             
               Scotland
               ,
            
             and
             in
             the
             severall
             parts
             of
             the
             Brittish
             Seas
             all
             the
             yeare
             long
             .
          
           
             In
             
               September
               ,
            
             not
             many
             yeares
             since
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Devonshire
             neare
             
               Minigall
            
             500
             Tonne
             of
             fish
             were
             taken
             in
             one
             day
             .
             And
             about
             the
             same
             time
             three
             thousand
             
             pound
             worth
             of
             fish
             in
             one
             day
             were
             taken
             at
             
               St
               Ives
            
             in
             Cornew
             all
             by
             small
             boates
             ,
             and
             other
             poore
             provisions
             .
          
           
             Our
             five-men-boats
             ,
             and
             cobles
             adventuring
             in
             a
             calme
             to
             launch
             out
             amongst
             the
             Holland
             Busses
             not
             far
             from
             Robin-hoods
             Bay
             returned
             to
             
               Whitby
            
             full
             fraught
             with
             herrings
             ,
             and
             reported
             that
             they
             saw
             some
             of
             those
             Busses
             take
             10.
             20.
             24.
             lasts
             at
             a
             draught
             of
             herrings
             and
             returned
             into
             their
             owne
             Country
             with
             40.
             50.
             and
             100.
             
             lasts
             of
             herrings
             in
             one
             Busse
             .
          
           
             Our
             Fleete
             of
             colliers
             not
             many
             yeares
             since
             returning
             from
             
               Newcastle
            
             laden
             with
             coales
             about
             the
             well
             ,
             neare
             
               Flanborough
            
             head
             ,
             and
             
               Scarborough
               ,
            
             met
             with
             such
             multitudes
             of
             Cod
             ,
             Ling
             ,
             and
             herring
             ,
             that
             one
             amongst
             the
             rest
             with
             certaine
             shiphookes
             ,
             and
             other
             like
             Instruments
             drew
             up
             as
             much
             cod
             ,
             and
             Ling
             in
             a
             little
             space
             of
             time
             ,
             as
             were
             sold
             well
             neare
             for
             as
             much
             as
             her
             whole
             lading
             of
             
             coale
             .
             And
             many
             hundred
             of
             ships
             might
             have
             bin
             there
             laden
             in
             two
             daies
             and
             two
             nights
             .
          
           
             Out
             of
             which
             wonderfull
             affluence
             ,
             and
             abundance
             of
             fish
             swarming
             in
             our
             seas
             ,
             that
             wee
             may
             the
             better
             pereceive
             the
             infinite
             gaine
             which
             forraine
             Nations
             make
             ,
             I
             will
             especially
             insist
             upon
             the
             fishing
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             in
             our
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             thereby
             shew
             how
             by
             this
             meanes
             principally
             they
             have
             increased
             .
          
           
           
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 In
                 Shipping
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 Marriners
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 In
                 Trade
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 In
                 Townes
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 In
                 Power
                 externe
                 or
                 abroade
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 In
                 publique
                 Revenue
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 In
                 private
                 wealth
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 In
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 things
                 necessary
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               1.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               Shipping
               .
            
             
               BEsides
               700.
               
               Strand
               boates
               ,
               400.
               
               Evars
               ,
               and
               400.
               
               Sullits
               ,
               Drivers
               and
               Todboates
               ,
               wherewith
               the
               
                 Hollanders
              
               fish
               upon
               their
               owne
               coasts
               ,
               every
               one
               of
               those
               imploying
               another
               ship
               to
               fetch
               salt
               ,
               and
               carry
               their
               fish
               into
               other
               countries
               ,
               being
               in
               all
               3000.
               
               saile
               ,
               maintaining
               and
               setting
               on
               worke
               at
               least
               4000.
               persons
               ,
               Fishers
               ,
               Tradesmen
               ,
               Women
               ,
               and
               Children
               .
               They
               have
               100.
               
               Doyer
               boates
               of
               150.
               
               Tunnes
               a
               peece
               ,
               or
               there
               abouts
               .
               700.
               
               Pincks
               and
               Well-boats
               from
               60.
               to
               100.
               
               Tuns
               a
               peece
               ,
               which
               altogether
               fish
               upon
               the
               coasts
               of
               
                 England
              
               and
               
                 Scotland
              
               for
               Cod
               ,
               and
               Ling
               onely
               .
               And
               each
               of
               these
               employ
               another
               vessell
               for
               providing
               of
               salt
               ,
               and
               transporting
               of
               their
               Fish
               ,
               making
               in
               all
               1600.
               
               ships
               ,
               which
               maintain
               and
               imploy
               persons
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               4000.
               at
               least
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Herring
               season
               they
               have
               1600.
               
               Busses
               at
               the
               least
               ,
               all
               of
               them
               fishing
               onely
               upon
               our
               coasts
               ,
               from
               
                 Boughonnesse
              
               in
               
                 Scotland
              
               to
               the
               mouth
               of
               
                 Thames
                 .
              
               And
               every
               one
               of
               these
               maketh
               work
               for
               three
               other
               shippes
               that
               attend
               her
               ;
               the
               one
               to
               bring
               in
               salt
               from
               forraigne
               parts
               ,
               another
               to
               carry
               the
               sayd
               salt
               ,
               and
               cask
               to
               the
               busses
               ,
               and
               to
               bring
               back
               their
               herrings
               ,
               
               and
               the
               third
               to
               transport
               the
               sayd
               fish
               into
               forraigne
               countries
               .
               So
               that
               the
               totall
               number
               of
               ships
               and
               busses
               plying
               the
               herring
               Faire
               is
               6400.
               whereby
               every
               busse
               ,
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               imployeth
               40.
               men
               ,
               Marriners
               and
               Fishers
               within
               her
               own
               hold
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               tenne
               men
               a
               peece
               ,
               which
               amounteth
               to
               112000.
               
               Fishers
               and
               Marriners
               .
               All
               which
               maintaine
               double
               ,
               if
               not
               treble
               so
               many
               Tradesmen
               ,
               women
               and
               children
               a
               land
               .
            
             
             
               Moreover
               they
               have
               400.
               other
               vessels
               at
               least
               ,
               that
               take
               Herring
               at
               
                 Yarmouth
                 ,
              
               and
               there
               sell
               them
               for
               ready
               mony
               :
               so
               that
               the
               
                 Hollanders
              
               (
               besides
               300.
               ships
               before
               mentioned
               fishing
               upon
               their
               own
               shoares
               )
               have
               at
               least
               4800.
               shippes
               onely
               maintained
               by
               the
               seas
               of
               Great
               Brittaine
               ,
               by
               which
               means
               principally
               ,
               
                 Holland
              
               being
               not
               so
               bigge
               as
               one
               of
               our
               shires
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               containing
               not
               above
               28.
               miles
               in
               length
               ,
               and
               three
               in
               breadth
               ,
               have
               encreased
               
               the
               number
               of
               their
               shipping
               to
               at
               least
               10000.
               saile
               ,
               being
               more
               then
               are
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
                 France
                 ,
                 Spaine
                 ,
                 Portugall
                 ,
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Denmarke
                 ,
                 Poland
                 ,
                 Sweden
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Russia
                 .
              
               And
               to
               this
               number
               they
               adde
               every
               day
               ;
               although
               their
               country
               it selfe
               affords
               them
               neither
               materialls
               ,
               or
               victuall
               ,
               nor
               merchandize
               to
               bee
               accounted
               of
               towards
               their
               setting
               forth
               .
            
             
               Besides
               these
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
                 Lubeck
              
               hath
               700.
               great
               ships
               ,
               
                 Hamborough
              
               600.
               
               
                 Embden
              
               1400.
               
               whereunto
               adde
               the
               ships
               of
               
                 Bremer
                 ,
                 Biscay
                 ,
                 Portugall
                 ,
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 France
                 ,
              
               which
               for
               the
               most
               part
               fish
               in
               our
               seas
               ,
               and
               it
               will
               appear
               that
               10000.
               saile
               of
               forraigne
               vessels
               ,
               and
               above
               are
               imployed
               and
               maintained
               by
               fishing
               upon
               our
               coasts
               .
               So
               that
               in
               
                 Holland
              
               there
               are
               built
               1000.
               saile
               at
               the
               least
               ,
               to
               supply
               shipwracks
               ,
               and
               augment
               their
               store
               ,
               which
               as
               the
               Prince
               ,
               and
               common
               Nursery
               ,
               is
               the
               chiefest
               meanes
               onely
               to
               increase
               their
               number
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               2.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               Ma
               rriners
               .
            
             
               THE
               number
               of
               ships
               fishing
               on
               our
               coasts
               as
               being
               aforesayd
               ,
               8400.
               
               If
               wee
               allow
               but
               20.
               persons
               to
               every
               ship
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               the
               totall
               of
               Marriners
               and
               Fishers
               amounteth
               to
               168000.
               out
               of
               which
               number
               they
               daily
               furnish
               their
               longer
               voyages
               to
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               world
               ;
               for
               by
               this
               meanes
               they
               are
               not
               onely
               enabled
               to
               brooke
               the
               seas
               ,
               and
               to
               
               know
               the
               use
               of
               the
               tackles
               ,
               and
               compasse
               ,
               but
               are
               like
               wise
               instructed
               in
               the
               principles
               of
               Navigation
               ,
               and
               Pylotage
               ,
               insomuch
               as
               from
               hence
               their
               greatest
               Navigators
               have
               had
               their
               education
               ,
               and
               breeding
               .
            
          
           
             
               3.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               Trade
               .
            
             
               BY
               reason
               of
               those
               multitude
               of
               Ships
               and
               Marriners
               they
               have
               extended
               their
               trade
               to
               all
               parts
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               exporting
               for
               the
               most
               part
               in
               all
               
               their
               voyages
               our
               herring
               ,
               and
               other
               fish
               for
               the
               maintenance
               of
               the
               same
               .
               In
               exchange
               whereof
               they
               returne
               the
               severall
               commodities
               of
               other
               Countries
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               Southern
               parts
               ,
               as
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Portugall
              
               for
               our
               herrings
               they
               returne
               Oyles
               ,
               Wines
               ,
               Pruynes
               ,
               Honey
               ,
               Woolles
               &c.
               with
               store
               of
               coine
               
                 in
                 Specie
                 .
              
            
             
               From
               the
               Straights
               ,
               Velvets
               ,
               Sattins
               ,
               and
               all
               sorts
               of
               Silks
               ,
               Allomes
               ,
               Currans
               ,
               Oyles
               ,
               and
               all
               Grocerie
               ware
               ,
               
               with
               much
               money
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               East
               Countries
               for
               our
               herrings
               ,
               and
               other
               French
               ,
               and
               Italian
               commodities
               before
               returned
               ,
               they
               bring
               home
               corne
               ,
               Wax
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               hempe
               ,
               Pitch
               ,
               Tarre
               ,
               Sope-ashes
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               copper
               ,
               Steele
               ,
               clapboard
               ,
               Wainscot
               ,
               Timber
               ,
               Deale
               board
               ,
               Dollers
               ,
               and
               Hungarie
               Gilders
               .
            
             
               From
               
                 Germanie
              
               for
               herrings
               ,
               and
               other
               salt
               fish
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Steele
               ,
               Glasse
               ,
               Milstones
               ,
               Rhenish
               wines
               ,
               Button-plate
               for
               Armour
               ,
               with
               other
               Munition
               ,
               
               Silkes
               ,
               Velvets
               ,
               Rashes
               ,
               Fustians
               ,
               Baratees
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               Frank'ford
               commodities
               ,
               with
               store
               of
               Rix
               dollers
               .
            
             
               From
               
                 Brabant
              
               they
               returne
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ready
               money
               with
               some
               Tapestries
               ,
               and
               Hullshop
               .
               Yea
               some
               of
               our
               herring
               are
               carried
               as
               far
               as
               
                 Braseile
                 .
              
            
             
               And
               that
               which
               is
               more
               strange
               &
               greatly
               to
               our
               shame
               ,
               they
               have
               foure
               hundred
               ships
               with
               fish
               ,
               which
               our
               men
               of
               
                 Yarmouth
              
               within
               ken
               almost
               of
               land
               ,
               doe
               
               vent
               our
               herrings
               amongst
               us
               here
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               make
               us
               pay
               for
               the
               fish
               taken
               upon
               on
               our
               owne
               coast
               ready
               money
               ,
               wherewith
               they
               store
               their
               owne
               country
               .
            
          
           
             
               4.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               Townes
               and
               Fortes
               .
            
             
               BY
               this
               their
               large
               extent
               of
               trade
               they
               are
               become
               as
               it
               were
               citizens
               of
               the
               whole
               world
               ,
               whereby
               they
               have
               so
               enlarged
               their
               Townes
               ,
               
               that
               most
               of
               them
               within
               these
               foure
               hundred
               yeares
               are
               full
               as
               great
               againe
               as
               they
               were
               before
               ;
               
                 Amsterdam
                 ,
                 Leyden
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Midleburgh
              
               having
               bin
               lately
               twice
               enlarged
               ,
               and
               their
               streetes
               ,
               and
               buildings
               so
               faire
               ,
               and
               orderly
               set
               forth
               that
               for
               beauty
               ,
               &
               strength
               they
               may
               compare
               with
               any
               other
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               upon
               which
               they
               bestow
               infinite
               summes
               of
               money
               ,
               (
               all
               originally
               flowing
               from
               the
               bountie
               of
               the
               sea
               ,
               from
               whence
               by
               their
               labour
               and
               industry
               
               they
               derive
               the
               beginning
               of
               all
               that
               wealth
               and
               greatnesse
               ,
               )
               and
               particularly
               for
               the
               havens
               of
               the
               aforesaid
               townes
               ,
               whereof
               some
               of
               them
               cost
               40.
               50.
               or
               100000
               l.
               
               Their
               fortifications
               also
               both
               for
               number
               ,
               and
               strength
               ,
               upon
               which
               they
               have
               bestowed
               infinite
               sums
               of
               money
               ,
               may
               compare
               with
               any
               other
               whatsoever
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               5.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               power
               abroad
               .
            
             
               SUch
               being
               then
               the
               number
               of
               the
               ships
               ,
               and
               Marriners
               ,
               and
               so
               great
               their
               trade
               ,
               occasioned
               principally
               by
               their
               fishing
               ;
               they
               have
               not
               onely
               strengthned
               ,
               and
               fortified
               themselves
               at
               home
               to
               repell
               all
               forraigne
               Invasions
               ,
               as
               lately
               in
               the
               warre
               betweene
               them
               ,
               and
               
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               but
               have
               likewise
               stretched
               their
               power
               into
               the
               East
               ,
               and
               West
               Indies
               
               in
               many
               places
               whereof
               they
               are
               Lords
               of
               the
               sea
               coasts
               ,
               and
               have
               likewise
               fortified
               upon
               the
               maine
               ,
               where
               the
               Kings
               ,
               and
               people
               are
               at
               their
               devotion
               .
               And
               more
               then
               this
               all
               neighbour
               Princes
               in
               their
               differences
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               their
               power
               at
               Sea
               ,
               are
               glad
               to
               have
               them
               of
               their
               partie
               .
               So
               that
               next
               to
               the
               English
               they
               are
               now
               become
               the
               most
               redoubted
               Nation
               at
               Sea
               of
               any
               other
               whatsoever
               .
            
          
           
           
             
               7.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               publique
               revenew
               .
            
             
               MOreover
               how
               mighty
               the
               publique
               revenew
               ,
               and
               customes
               of
               that
               state
               are
               increased
               by
               their
               fishing
               ,
               may
               appeare
               in
               that
               above
               thirtie
               yeares
               since
               ,
               over
               and
               above
               the
               customes
               of
               other
               Merchandise
               ,
               excises
               ,
               Licences
               ,
               Waftage
               ,
               and
               Lastage
               ,
               there
               was
               payed
               to
               the
               State
               for
               custome
               of
               herring
               and
               other
               salt
               fish
               above
               300000
               
               pound
               in
               one
               yeare
               ,
               besides
               the
               tenth
               fish
               ,
               and
               Caske
               ,
               payed
               for
               waftage
               ,
               which
               cometh
               at
               the
               least
               to
               as
               much
               more
               among
               the
               Hollanders
               onely
               ,
               whereunto
               the
               tenth
               of
               other
               Nations
               being
               added
               it
               amounteth
               to
               a
               far
               greater
               summe
               .
            
             
               Wee
               are
               likewise
               to
               know
               that
               great
               part
               of
               their
               fish
               is
               sold
               in
               other
               Countries
               for
               ready
               money
               for
               which
               they
               commonly
               export
               of
               the
               finest
               gold
               ,
               and
               silver
               ,
               and
               coming
               home
               recoyne
               it
               of
               a
               
               baser
               allay
               under
               their
               owne
               stampe
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               a
               small
               meanes
               to
               augment
               their
               publique
               treasure
               .
            
          
           
             
               7.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               private
               wealth
               .
            
             
               AS
               touching
               their
               private
               wealth
               if
               wee
               consider
               the
               abundant
               store
               of
               herrings
               ,
               and
               other
               fish
               by
               them
               taken
               ,
               and
               the
               usuall
               prices
               that
               they
               are
               sold
               for
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               multitude
               of
               tradesmen
               and
               Artizans
               ,
               that
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               
               their
               fishing
               are
               daily
               set
               on
               worke
               ,
               wee
               must
               needs
               conclude
               that
               the
               gaine
               thereof
               made
               by
               private
               men
               must
               of
               necessity
               be
               exceeding
               great
               ,
               as
               by
               observing
               the
               particulars
               following
               will
               plainly
               appeare
               .
            
             
               During
               the
               wars
               betweene
               the
               King
               of
               
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Hollanders
               before
               the
               last
               truce
               ,
               
                 Dunkirke
              
               by
               taking
               ,
               spoiling
               ,
               and
               burning
               the
               Busses
               of
               
                 Holland
                 ,
              
               and
               setting
               great
               ransome
               upon
               their
               fishermen
               ,
               enforced
               them
               to
               compound
               
               for
               great
               summs
               that
               they
               might
               fish
               quietly
               for
               one
               yeare
               ,
               whereupon
               the
               next
               yeare
               after
               the
               fishermen
               agreed
               amongst
               themselves
               to
               pay
               a
               dollar
               upon
               every
               last
               of
               herrings
               ,
               towards
               the
               maintenance
               of
               certaine
               ships
               of
               warre
               to
               waft
               and
               secure
               them
               in
               their
               fishing
               ,
               by
               reason
               whereof
               there
               was
               a
               record
               kept
               of
               the
               severall
               lasts
               of
               herrings
               taken
               that
               yeare
               ,
               and
               it
               appeared
               thereby
               that
               in
               one
               halfe
               yeare
               there
               were
               taken
               30000
               
               lasts
               of
               herrings
               which
               at
               twelve
               pound
               
                 per
              
               last
               amounteth
               to
               3600000.
               and
               at
               16.
               20.
               30
               pound
               the
               last
               they
               are
               ordinarily
               sold
               ;
               then
               transported
               into
               other
               Countries
               it
               cometh
               at
               least
               to
               5000000
               l.
               
               Wherunto
               if
               wee
               adde
               the
               herrings
               taken
               by
               other
               Nations
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               codd
               ,
               Ling
               ,
               Hake
               and
               the
               fish
               taken
               by
               the
               Hollanders
               and
               other
               our
               neighbours
               upon
               the
               Brittish
               Coasts
               all
               the
               year
               long
               the
               total
               will
               evidently
               arise
               to
               be
               above
               
               10000000
               l.
               
            
             
               The
               great
               trade
               of
               fishing
               imploying
               so
               many
               men
               ,
               and
               Ships
               ,
               at
               Sea
               must
               likewise
               necessarily
               maintaine
               as
               great
               a
               number
               of
               tradesmen
               ,
               and
               Artizans
               on
               land
               ,
               as
               Spinners
               ,
               and
               Hempwinders
               for
               cables
               ,
               Cordage
               ,
               Yarne-twine
               for
               netts
               ,
               and
               lines
               ,
               Weavers
               to
               make
               saile
               cloathes
               ,
               cecive
               Packers
               ,
               Tollers
               ,
               Dressers
               ,
               and
               Cowchers
               to
               sort
               ,
               and
               make
               the
               herring
               lawfull
               merchandize
               ,
               Tanners
               to
               tanne
               their
               Sailes
               ,
               and
               netts
               ,
               Coopers
               
               to
               make
               caske
               ,
               Block
               ,
               and
               Bowle-makers
               for
               shippes
               ,
               keelemen
               ,
               and
               Labourers
               for
               carrying
               ,
               and
               removing
               their
               fish
               ,
               Sawyers
               for
               plankes
               ,
               carpenters
               ,
               Shipwrights
               ,
               Smithes
               ,
               car-men
               ,
               Boatemen
               ,
               Brewers
               ,
               bakers
               ,
               and
               a
               number
               of
               others
               ,
               whereof
               many
               are
               maimed
               persons
               and
               unfit
               to
               be
               otherwise
               imployed
               .
               besides
               the
               maintenance
               of
               all
               their
               severall
               wives
               ,
               and
               children
               and
               families
               .
               And
               further
               every
               man
               and
               maidservant
               ,
               or
               Orphant
               
               having
               any
               poore
               stock
               ,
               may
               venture
               the
               same
               in
               their
               fishing
               voyages
               which
               affords
               them
               ordinarily
               great
               increase
               ,
               and
               is
               duly
               payed
               according
               to
               the
               proportion
               of
               their
               gaine
               .
            
          
           
             
               8.
               
            
             
               Encrease
               of
               provision
               .
            
             
               ANd
               to
               conclude
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               Holland
               only
               affording
               in
               it selfe
               some
               few
               hops
               ,
               Madders
               ,
               butter
               and
               cheese
               ,
               aboundeth
               notwithstanding
               
               (
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               Art
               of
               fishing
               )
               in
               plentifull
               manner
               with
               all
               kind
               of
               provisions
               as
               well
               for
               life
               ,
               as
               in
               corne
               ,
               Beefe
               ,
               Muttons
               ,
               Hides
               ,
               and
               Cloathes
               ,
               as
               for
               luxurie
               ,
               in
               wines
               ,
               silkes
               ,
               and
               spices
               ,
               and
               for
               defence
               ,
               as
               in
               pitch
               ,
               tarr
               ,
               Cordage
               ,
               timber
               .
               All
               which
               they
               have
               not
               only
               in
               competent
               proportion
               for
               their
               use
               ,
               but
               are
               likewise
               able
               from
               their
               severall
               Magazines
               to
               supply
               their
               neighbour
               countries
               .
            
             
               The
               premises
               considered
               ,
               
               it
               maketh
               much
               to
               the
               ignominie
               ,
               and
               shame
               of
               our
               
                 English
              
               Nation
               ,
               that
               God
               and
               Nature
               offering
               us
               so
               great
               a
               treasure
               even
               at
               our
               owne
               doores
               wee
               doe
               notwithstanding
               neglect
               the
               benefit
               therof
               ,
               and
               ,
               by
               paying
               money
               to
               strangers
               for
               the
               fish
               of
               our
               owne
               Seas
               ,
               impoverish
               our selves
               to
               make
               them
               rich
               .
               Insomuch
               that
               for
               want
               of
               industry
               ,
               and
               care
               in
               this
               particular
               225.
               fisher
               townes
               are
               decayed
               and
               reduced
               
               to
               extreame
               poverty
               whereas
               on
               the
               contrary
               by
               diligent
               endeavouring
               to
               make
               use
               of
               so
               great
               a
               blessing
               we
               might
               in
               short
               time
               repaire
               these
               decaied
               townes
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               ,
               and
               adde
               both
               honour
               ,
               strength
               ,
               and
               riches
               to
               our
               King
               ,
               and
               Country
               ,
               which
               how
               easily
               it
               may
               be
               done
               will
               appeare
               by
               some
               few
               observations
               following
               .
            
             
               By
               erecting
               two
               hundred
               and
               fifty
               Busses
               of
               reasonable
               strength
               ,
               and
               bignesse
               ,
               there
               will
               
               be
               imployment
               made
               for
               1000
               Ships
               ,
               and
               for
               at
               least
               10000
               fisher
               men
               ,
               and
               Marriners
               at
               Sea
               ,
               and
               consequently
               for
               as
               many
               tradesmen
               ,
               and
               labourers
               at
               land
               .
            
             
               The
               herrings
               taken
               by
               the
               Busses
               will
               afford
               his
               Majesty
               200000
               l.
               yearely
               custome
               outward
               ,
               and
               for
               commodities
               returned
               inward
               30000
               l.
               and
               above
               .
            
             
               Wee
               have
               timber
               sufficient
               ,
               and
               at
               reasonable
               rates
               growing
               in
               our
               owne
               Kingdome
               for
               the
               building
               of
               
               Busses
               ,
               every
               Shire
               affordeth
               hardy
               and
               able
               men
               fit
               for
               such
               imployment
               who
               now
               live
               poorely
               ,
               and
               idle
               at
               home
               .
            
             
               Wee
               have
               victualls
               in
               great
               plenty
               sold
               at
               easie
               rates
               without
               payment
               of
               excises
               ,
               or
               Impost
               .
            
             
               Our
               shores
               ,
               and
               harbours
               are
               neare
               the
               places
               where
               the
               fish
               doe
               haunt
               .
            
             
               For
               drinke
               ,
               or
               nets
               ,
               salting
               ,
               and
               packing
               our
               fish
               ,
               and
               for
               succour
               in
               stresse
               of
               weather
               ,
               wee
               may
               bring
               our
               fish
               to
               land
               ,
               salt
               
               and
               pack
               it
               ,
               and
               from
               some
               parts
               of
               his
               Majesties
               Dominions
               bee
               at
               our
               markets
               in
               
                 France
                 ,
                 Spaine
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 Italy
              
               before
               the
               Hollanders
               can
               arrive
               in
               
                 Holland
                 .
              
            
             
               Wee
               have
               meanes
               to
               transport
               our
               fish
               into
               some
               Northerne
               Countries
               where
               the
               Hollanders
               seldome
               or
               never
               come
               .
               And
               though
               wee
               had
               as
               many
               Busses
               as
               the
               Hollanders
               ,
               yet
               is
               there
               vent
               for
               all
               ,
               or
               more
               ,
               for
               in
               the
               
                 East
              
               and
               
                 Northerne
              
               Countries
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               other
               places
               ,
               
               herrings
               are
               every
               daies
               meat
               ,
               winter
               and
               summer
               as
               well
               to
               draw
               on
               drinke
               ,
               as
               to
               satisfie
               hunger
               ,
               and
               in
               most
               places
               the
               greatest
               part
               of
               the
               yeare
               they
               be
               scarce
               to
               be
               had
               ,
               for
               presently
               after
               
                 Michaelmas
              
               the
               Sound
               and
               rivers
               are
               frozen
               up
               so
               as
               no
               herrings
               can
               be
               transported
               into
               twenty
               severall
               Kingdomes
               ,
               and
               free
               States
               ,
               untill
               
                 Iuly
              
               which
               is
               for
               thirtie
               weekes
               space
               together
               ,
               so
               that
               when
               Lent
               comes
               there
               are
               few
               to
               be
               bought
               for
               money
               .
            
             
             
               Lastly
               ,
               since
               by
               care
               and
               industry
               wee
               gained
               from
               the
               
                 Flemmings
                 ,
              
               doubtlesse
               so
               by
               the
               meanes
               wee
               may
               as
               easily
               grow
               expert
               in
               the
               Art
               of
               Fishing
               ,
               and
               in
               time
               make
               it
               a
               staple
               commodity
               of
               our
               owne
               .
            
             
               But
               this
               wee
               shall
               the
               better
               and
               sooner
               doe
               ,
               if
               wee
               consider
               ,
               and
               endeavour
               to
               reforme
               certain
               wants
               and
               abuses
               which
               hitherto
               have
               hindred
               us
               from
               effecting
               that
               good
               ,
               and
               great
               work
               ,
               whereof
               these
               that
               follow
               
               are
               none
               of
               the
               least
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Generall
               liberty
               of
               eating
               flesh
               contrary
               to
               old
               custome
               ,
               and
               the
               Statute
               Lawes
               provided
               for
               observing
               Fish
               dayes
               ,
               from
               whence
               our
               scarcitie
               and
               dearth
               of
               fish
               proceedeth
               ;
               for
               where
               flesh
               is
               ordinarily
               spent
               fish
               will
               not
               be
               bought
               ,
               and
               want
               of
               sale
               decayeth
               all
               trade
               ,
               gaine
               being
               the
               nurse
               of
               Industry
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Want
               of
               order
               and
               discretion
               in
               our
               fishing
               ,
               
               every
               man
               being
               left
               to
               himselfe
               ,
               and
               permitted
               to
               fish
               as
               best
               liketh
               him
               :
               whereas
               amongst
               the
               
                 Hollanders
              
               two
               of
               the
               best
               experienced
               Fishermen
               are
               appointed
               to
               guide
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               fleete
               ,
               all
               others
               being
               bound
               to
               follow
               them
               ,
               and
               to
               cast
               their
               lines
               according
               to
               their
               direction
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               
                 Hollanders
              
               and
               other
               Nations
               set
               forth
               with
               their
               Busses
               in
               
                 Iune
              
               to
               finde
               the
               shoale
               of
               fish
               ,
               &
               having
               found
               it
               ,
               dwell
               amongst
               it
               
               till
               
                 November
                 ,
              
               whereas
               we
               stay
               till
               the
               Herring
               come
               home
               to
               our
               roade
               steads
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               suffer
               them
               to
               passe
               by
               ere
               wee
               looke
               out
               ,
               our
               Herring
               fishing
               containing
               onely
               seven
               weekes
               at
               the
               most
               ,
               and
               theirs
               twentie
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               Hollanders
               Busses
               are
               great
               and
               strong
               ,
               and
               able
               to
               brooke
               foule
               weather
               ,
               whereas
               our
               Cobles
               ,
               Crayers
               and
               Boates
               being
               small
               ,
               and
               thinne
               sided
               ,
               are
               easily
               swallowed
               by
               a
               rough
               
               Sea
               ,
               not
               daring
               to
               adventure
               far
               in
               faire
               weather
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               weaknesse
               for
               feare
               of
               stormes
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               The
               
                 Hollanders
              
               are
               industrious
               ,
               and
               no
               sooner
               are
               discharged
               of
               toding
               ,
               but
               presently
               put
               forth
               for
               more
               ,
               and
               seeke
               for
               Markets
               abroad
               as
               well
               as
               at
               home
               ;
               wheras
               our
               
                 English
              
               after
               they
               had
               bin
               once
               at
               Sea
               ,
               doe
               commonly
               never
               returne
               againe
               untill
               all
               the
               money
               taken
               for
               their
               fish
               be
               spent
               ,
               and
               they
               in
               debt
               ,
               seeking
               only
               to
               
               serve
               the
               next
               Market
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               
                 Hollanders
              
               have
               certaine
               Merchants
               who
               during
               the
               herring
               season
               doe
               onely
               come
               to
               the
               places
               where
               the
               Busses
               arrive
               ,
               and
               joyning
               together
               in
               severall
               companies
               ,
               doe
               presently
               agree
               for
               the
               lading
               of
               30.
               or
               40.
               
               Busses
               at
               once
               ,
               and
               so
               being
               discharged
               they
               may
               speedily
               returne
               to
               their
               former
               shipping
               ;
               wheras
               our
               fishermen
               are
               uncertaine
               of
               their
               chapmen
               ,
               and
               forced
               
               to
               spend
               much
               time
               in
               putting
               off
               their
               fish
               by
               parcells
               .
            
             
               These
               and
               other
               defects
               would
               carefully
               be
               taken
               into
               consideration
               ,
               and
               certaine
               orders
               made
               to
               make
               our
               fishing
               prosperous
               ,
               and
               and
               successefull
               ,
               especially
               considering
               the
               carefull
               mischiefes
               the
               neglect
               hereof
               hath
               brought
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               Kingdome
               in
               generall
               ,
               and
               to
               many
               good
               townes
               ,
               and
               Corporations
               in
               particular
               ,
               as
               by
               authority
               even
               of
               Parliament
               it selfe
               in
               the
               Statute
               of
               
               33.
               
               
                 Hen.
              
               the
               eight
               ,
               is
               plainly
               testified
               ,
               which
               I
               have
               summarily
               here
               set
               downe
               to
               avoid
               the
               prolixitie
               of
               the
               originall
               .
            
             
               Because
               the
               English
               fisher-men
               dwelling
               on
               the
               Sea
               coasts
               did
               leave
               off
               their
               trade
               of
               fishing
               in
               our
               Seas
               and
               went
               the
               halfe
               Seas
               over
               ,
               and
               there
               upon
               the
               Seas
               did
               buy
               fish
               of
               Pickards
               ,
               Flemmings
               ,
               Normans
               ,
               and
               Zelanders
               ,
               by
               reason
               whereof
               many
               incommodities
               did
               grow
               to
               the
               Realme
               ,
               viz.
               the
               
               decay
               of
               the
               wealth
               and
               prosperitie
               as
               well
               of
               the
               Cinque Ports
               ,
               and
               Members
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               as
               of
               other
               coast
               townes
               by
               the
               Sea
               side
               ,
               which
               were
               builded
               ,
               and
               inhabited
               by
               great
               multitudes
               of
               people
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               using
               and
               exercising
               the
               craft
               and
               feate
               of
               fishing
               .
               Secondly
               the
               decay
               of
               a
               great
               number
               of
               boats
               ,
               and
               Ships
               .
               And
               thirdly
               the
               decay
               of
               many
               good
               Marriners
               both
               able
               in
               bodie
               by
               their
               diligence
               ,
               labour
               ,
               and
               
               continuall
               exercise
               of
               fishing
               ,
               and
               expert
               by
               reason
               thereof
               in
               the
               knowledge
               of
               the
               Sea-coasts
               ,
               as
               well
               within
               this
               Realme
               as
               in
               other
               parts
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
               It
               was
               therefore
               enacted
               that
               no
               manner
               of
               persons
               
                 English
                 ,
                 Denizens
                 ,
              
               or
               strangers
               at
               that
               time
               ,
               or
               any
               time
               after
               dwelling
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               should
               buy
               any
               fish
               of
               any
               strangers
               in
               the
               said
               Ports
               of
               
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 Zeland
                 ,
                 Picardy
                 ,
                 France
                 ,
              
               or
               upon
               the
               Sea
               betweene
               shore
               and
               shore
               &c.
               
            
             
             
               This
               act
               by
               many
               continuances
               was
               continued
               from
               Parliament
               to
               Parliament
               untill
               the
               first
               of
               Queene
               
                 Marie
                 ,
              
               
               and
               from
               thence
               to
               the
               end
               of
               the
               next
               Parliament
               and
               then
               expired
               .
            
             
               For
               conclusion
               seeing
               by
               that
               which
               hath
               formerly
               bin
               declared
               it
               evidently
               appeareth
               that
               the
               Kings
               of
               
                 England
              
               by
               immemorable
               prescription
               ,
               continuall
               usage
               ,
               and
               possession
               ,
               the
               acknowledgment
               
               of
               all
               our
               neighbour
               States
               ,
               and
               the
               municipall
               lawes
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               ,
               have
               ever
               held
               the
               Soveraigne
               Lordship
               of
               the
               Seas
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               unto
               his
               Majestie
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               Soveraigntie
               the
               supreame
               command
               and
               Jurisdiction
               over
               the
               passage
               ,
               and
               fishing
               in
               the
               same
               rightfully
               appertaineth
               ,
               considering
               also
               the
               naturall
               scite
               of
               those
               our
               Seas
               that
               interpose
               themselves
               betweene
               the
               great
               
                 Northerne
              
               commerce
               
               of
               that
               of
               the
               whole
               world
               ,
               and
               that
               of
               the
               
                 East
                 ,
                 West
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Southerne
              
               Clymates
               ,
               and
               withall
               the
               infinite
               commodities
               that
               by
               fishing
               in
               the
               same
               is
               daily
               made
               .
               It
               cannot
               be
               doubted
               but
               his
               Majesty
               by
               means
               of
               his
               owne
               excellent
               wisdome
               ,
               and
               vertue
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               Industry
               of
               his
               faithfull
               Subjects
               and
               people
               ,
               may
               easily
               without
               Injustice
               to
               any
               Prince
               or
               person
               whatsoever
               be
               made
               the
               greatest
               Monarch
               for
               Command
               
               and
               Wealth
               ,
               and
               his
               people
               the
               most
               opulent
               and
               flourishing
               Nation
               of
               any
               other
               in
               the
               world
               .
               And
               this
               the
               rather
               ,
               for
               that
               his
               Majesty
               is
               now
               absolute
               Commander
               of
               the
               Brittish
               Isle
               ,
               and
               hath
               also
               enlarged
               his
               Dominions
               over
               a
               great
               part
               of
               the
               Westerne
               
                 Indies
                 ;
              
               by
               meanes
               of
               which
               extent
               of
               Empire
               ,
               (
               crossing
               in
               a
               manner
               the
               whole
               Ocean
               )
               the
               trade
               ,
               and
               persons
               of
               all
               Nations
               (
               moving
               from
               one
               
               part
               of
               the
               World
               to
               the
               other
               )
               must
               of
               necessitie
               ,
               first
               ,
               or
               last
               ,
               come
               within
               compasse
               of
               his
               power
               ,
               and
               jurisdiction
               .
            
             
               And
               therefore
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               our
               Seas
               being
               the
               most
               precious
               Jewell
               of
               his
               Majesties
               Crowne
               ,
               and
               (
               next
               under
               God
               )
               the
               principall
               meanes
               of
               our
               Wealth
               and
               Safetie
               ,
               all
               true
               English
               hearts
               and
               hands
               are
               bound
               by
               all
               possible
               meanes
               and
               diiligence
               
               to
               preserve
               and
               maintaine
               the
               same
               ,
               even
               with
               the
               uttermost
               hazzard
               of
               their
               lives
               ,
               their
               goods
               ,
               and
               fortunes
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A30617e-470
           
             out
             
          
           
             Groitus
             de
             Mari
             libero
             .
          
           
             Baldus
             ad
             L.
             dererum
             dominijs
             .
          
           
             Barthol
             .
             in
             Tract.
             de
             Insulis
             .
          
           
             Cō
             de
             bello
             Gallic
             .
             l.
             4.
             fol.
             72.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             Ibidem
             .
          
           
             De
             bello
             Civil
             .
             lib.
             1.
             p
             233.
             
          
           
             De
             bello
             Gallico
             .
             lib.
             3.
             pa.
             55.
             
          
           
             Ibidem
             .
          
           
             
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
            
          
           
             De
             bello
             Gall
             .
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             Ex.
             Charta
             fundatiouis
             Ecclesiae
             chathed
             Wigor
             .
          
           
             Ranulphus
             Cestrensis
             .
          
           
             Record
             in
             the
             Tower
             of
             London
             .
          
           
             ariè
             
          
           
             Record
             Regis
             in
             Tower
             .
          
           
             Inter
             leges
             marinas
             sub
             fine
             
          
           
             Pat.
             22.
             E.
             4.
             part
             1.
             in
             2.
             de
             conductu
             sive
             gardia
             Waftorum
             piscatorum
             .
          
           
             Camdens
             Brit.
             
          
           
             Franc.
             8.
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             France
             .
             11.
             H.
             4.
             de
             salvo
             conductu
             .
          
           
             Rot.
             Fran.
             38
             H.
             6.
             de
             salvo
             conductu
             .
          
           
             Stat.
             de
             Praerog
             .
             17.
             E.
             2.
             cap.
             11.
             
          
           
             Rot.
             de
             St.
             
             Cleere
             ,
             Iohan.
             de
             Frosingfield
             &
             al
             .
             Justiciar
             inhabit
             :
             Insulis
             Gersey
             &
             Gernsey
             ,
             &c.
             anno
             2
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
            
          
           
             
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
            
          
           
             Bracton
             de
             acquirendo
             rerum
             do
             minio
             lib.
             2.
             fo.
             19.
             
          
           
             6
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             not
             
          
           
             1.
             Mar.
             ca.
             14.