A discourse of foreign war with an account of all the taxations upon this kingdom, from the conquest to the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth : also, a list of the confederates from Henry I to the end of the reign of the said queen ... / formerly written by Sir Robert Cotton, Barronet, and now published by Sir John Cotton, Barronet.
         Cotton, Robert, Sir, 1571-1631.
      
       
         
           1690
        
      
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             A discourse of foreign war with an account of all the taxations upon this kingdom, from the conquest to the end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth : also, a list of the confederates from Henry I to the end of the reign of the said queen ... / formerly written by Sir Robert Cotton, Barronet, and now published by Sir John Cotton, Barronet.
             Cotton, Robert, Sir, 1571-1631.
          
           [4], 142 p. : port.
           
             Printed for Henry Mortlock ...,
             London :
             1690.
          
           
             The translation of "The French charity" is sometimes ascribed to John Evelyn.
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
             "A short view of the long reign of King Henry III": p. 103-129.
             "The French charity": p. 133-142.
             Imperfect: "A short view of the long reign of King Henry III" and "The French charity" are lacking on film.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Elizabeth -- I, -- Queen of England, 1533-1603.
           Henry -- I, -- King of England, 1068-1135.
           Taxation -- England.
           Great Britain -- History, Military.
           Great Britain -- History.
        
      
    
     
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               ROBERTVS
               COTTONVS
               BRVCEVS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Aesculapius
             hic
             Librorum
             aerugo
             ,
             Vetustas
          
           
             Per
             quem
             nulla
             potest
             Britonum
             consumere
             chartas
             .
          
        
         
           
             T.
             Cr●ss
             sculpsit
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           
             Foreign
             War
          
           :
           With
           an
           ACCOUNT
           Of
           all
           the
           Taxations
           upon
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           from
           the
           Conquest
           to
           the
           End
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           Queen
           ELIZABETH
           .
           Also
           a
           List
           of
           the
           Confederates
           from
           HENRY
           I.
           TO
           THE
           End
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           the
           said
           Queen
           ;
           shewing
           which
           have
           prov'd
           most
           Beneficial
           to
           England
           .
        
         
           Formerly
           Written
           by
           Sir
           
             Robert
             Cotton
          
           Barronet
           ,
           and
           now
           Published
           by
           Sir
           
             John
             Cotton
          
           Barronet
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Henry
             Mortlock
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Phoenix
           in
           St.
           
           Paul's
           Church-yard
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           White-Hart
           in
           
           Westminster-Hall
           .
           1690.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           SO
           strange
           a
           desire
           and
           itch
           of
           writing
           ,
           doth
           possess
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           world
           ;
           and
           men
           are
           so
           in
           love
           with
           their
           own
           imaginations
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           have
           their
           follies
           engraved
           in
           Brass
           and
           Marble
           .
           Upon
           this
           account
           the
           learned
           and
           most
           ingenious
           Physician
           in
           
           that
           incomparable
           piece
           of
           his
           
             Religio
             Medici
          
           hath
           these
           words
           ;
           
             I
             have
             heard
             some
             with
             deep
             sighs
             lament
             the
             lost
             lines
             of
             Cicero
             ;
             others
             with
             as
             many
             groans
             deplore
             the
             combustion
             of
             the
             Library
             of
             Alexandria
             :
             for
             my
             own
             part
             ,
             I
             think
             there
             be
             too
             many
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             could
             with
             patience
             behold
             the
             Urn
             and
             Ashes
             of
             the
             Vatican
             ,
             could
             I
             ,
             with
             a
             few
             others
             ,
             recover
             the
             perished
             leaves
             of
             
               Solomon
               .
               'T
               is
               not
               a
               melancholy
               U●inam
            
             of
             my
             own
             ,
             but
             the
             desires
             of
             better
             heads
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             a
             general
             Synod
             ;
             not
             to
             unite
             the
             incompatible
             difference
             of
             Religion
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             benefit
             of
             Learning
             ,
             to
             reduce
             it
             as
             it
             lay
             at
             first
             ,
             in
             a
             few
             and
             solid
             Authors
             ,
             and
             to
             condemn
             to
             the
             fire
             those
             swarms
             
             and
             millions
             of
             Rhapsodies
             ,
             begotten
             only
             to
             distract
             and
             abuse
             the
             weaker
             judgement
             of
             Scholars
             ,
             and
             to
             maintain
             the
             trade
             and
             mysterie
             of
             Typographers
             .
          
           What
           a
           multitude
           of
           books
           (
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           )
           concerning
           the
           controversies
           in
           Religion
           between
           us
           and
           the
           Romanists
           hath
           invaded
           the
           world
           ;
           and
           to
           use
           Homer's
           words
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ?
           But
           of
           these
           (
           excepting
           some
           few
           )
           as
           for
           example
           ,
           that
           of
           the
           Archbishop
           Laud's
           against
           Fisher
           ,
           Mr.
           Chillingworth
           against
           Knot
           ,
           The
           Author
           of
           
             Via
             Recta
          
           ,
           and
           
             Via
             Devia
          
           ,
           and
           that
           incomparable
           pair
           of
           learned
           men
           Dr.
           Stillingfleet
           and
           Dr.
           Tillotson
           ,
           with
           the
           most
           Learned
           and
           Pious
           Dr.
           Hammond
           against
           that
           Pest
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           Serjeant
           )
           the
           Major
           part
           ,
           are
           (
           as
           he
           saith
           )
           a
           spurious
           brood
           ,
           the
           laborious
           effects
           of
           ease
           and
           idleness
           ,
           not
           worthy
           the
           Vacant
           hours
           of
           a
           serious
           person
           .
           Having
           said
           this
           it
           may
           justly
           be
           objected
           against
           me
           ,
           why
           I
           by
           putting
           forth
           this
           Book
           ,
           should
           help
           to
           encrease
           this
           Epidemical
           disease
           .
           To
           this
           I
           answer
           :
           1.
           
           I
           received
           some
           encouragement
           by
           the
           general
           favour
           and
           acceptance
           which
           the
           world
           was
           pleas'd
           to
           give
           to
           this
           small
           Treatise
           .
           2.
           
           My
           pious
           affection
           and
           Duty
           to
           the
           Author
           did
           inflame
           my
           desires
           to
           propagate
           his
           Name
           (
           as
           much
           as
           in
           me
           lay
           )
           to
           Posterity
           .
           3.
           
           Being
           but
           a
           small
           Book
           it
           was
           secure
           from
           that
           censure
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           If
           this
           little
           Treatise
           may
           find
           not
           only
           pardon
           ,
           but
           some
           acceptance
           ,
           from
           those
           few
           of
           the
           more
           knowing
           persons
           ,
           I
           have
           obtain'd
           my
           design
           :
           To
           please
           all
           I
           know
           is
           impossible
           ;
           
             
               —
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
            
             
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             John
             Cotton
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           PROPOSITIONS
           OF
           WAR
           and
           PEACE
           Delivered
           to
           His
           Highness
           PRINCE
           HENRY
           By
           some
           of
           his
           Military
           servants
           .
        
         
           Arguments
           for
           War.
           
        
         
           
             FRames
             of
             Policy
          
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           works
           of
           Nature
           ,
           a
           are
           best
           preserved
           from
           the
           same
           grounds
           they
           were
           first
           founded
           on
           .
           By
           Armes
           was
           laid
           the
           foundation
           of
           this
           State
           ,
           whether
           we
           respect
           the
           Saxon
           or
           the
           Norman
           .
           It
           was
           War
           that
           of
           seven
           Crowns
           in
           the
           Heptarchy
           made
           one
           fit
           for
           that
           Monarchy
           ,
           that
           since
           by
           many
           glorious
           exploits
           hath
           made
           good
           in
           forreign
           parts
           the
           renown
           of
           her
           own
           greatness
           ,
           and
           crowned
           thereby
           this
           State
           with
           an
           eternal
           peace
           .
           Times
           nor
           our
           own
           vertues
           are
           not
           changed
           :
           Necessity
           ,
           Benefit
           ,
           and
           Facility
           of
           War
           being
           the
           same
           that
           they
           were
           before
           to
           our
           forefathers
           .
        
         
         
           Reasons
           of
           forraign
           War
           drawn
           from
           
             
               1.
               
               Necessity
               ,
               for
               
                 
                   1
                   Preservation
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   peace
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   Venting
                   of
                   factious
                   spirits
                   .
                
                 
                   3
                   Instructing
                   in
                   arms
                   our
                   people
                   .
                
              
               We
               never
               were
               so
               near
               peril
               by
               shipwrack
               in
               any
               tempest
               abroad
               ,
               as
               at
               home
               by
               the
               calm
               government
               of
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               .
               For
               France
               by
               the
               awful
               hand
               of
               his
               father
               reduced
               ,
               it
               fared
               with
               us
               as
               with
               the
               mistress
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               a
               
                 Remoto
                 Carthaginis
                 metu
                 ,
                 &
                 Imperii
                 aemula
                 ,
              
               when
               the
               fear
               of
               Carthage
               her
               competitor
               for
               the
               Empire
               was
               removed
               ,
               that
               fell
               not
               by
               degrees
               ,
               but
               
                 Praecipiti
                 cursu
                 ab
                 Armis
                 ad
                 vo●uptates
                 ,
                 〈◊〉
                 negotio
                 ad
                 otium
                 ,
              
               rushed
               headlong
               from
               arms
               to
               pleasures
               ,
               from
               employment
               to
               idleness
               .
               And
               from
               hence
               as
               greatest
               Nations
               ,
               
                 cum
                 ab
                 externis
                 causis
                 tutae
                 videntur
                 ,
                 ipsae
                 suis
                 viribus
                 onerantur
                 ,
              
               when
               there
               is
               no
               longer
               fear
               of
               forraign
               enemies
               ,
               their
               own
               strength
               becomes
               a
               burthen
               to
               them
               :
               so
               after
               many
               conquests
               abroad
               ,
               we
               were
               at
               home
               prest
               down
               with
               the
               unnatural
               weight
               of
               civil
               arms
               :
               For
               
                 cum
                 foris
                 non
                 habent
                 hostem
                 ,
                 domi
                 inveniunt
                 ,
              
               when
               people
               have
               no
               enemies
               abroad
               ,
               they
               'l
               find
               some
               at
               home
               ;
               as
               all
               warlike
               and
               fruitful
               Nations
               will
               ,
               not
               otherwise
               delivered
               either
               of
               their
               humours
               or
               people
               .
               To
               add
               to
               this
               necessity
               ,
               the
               sending
               away
               of
               our
               factious
               spirits
               ,
               it
               will
               remove
               the
               seat
               of
               blood
               from
               our
               own
               
               doors
               ,
               and
               prove
               the
               cheapest
               school
               to
               train
               up
               in
               arms
               the
               better
               dispositions
               ,
               whose
               military
               skill
               may
               after
               serve
               to
               defend
               the
               State
               ;
               &
               by
               the
               late
               accession
               of
               another
               Nation
               will
               be
               now
               more
               needful
               ,
               a
               
                 Ne
                 novus
                 populus
                 otio
                 &
                 nimia
                 pecunia
                 lasciviret
                 ,
              
               lest
               that
               other
               people
               should
               grow
               wanton
               through
               too
               much
               wealth
               and
               idleness
               ,
               and
               we
               in
               the
               end
               enforced
               with
               the
               Satyrist
               b
               to
               confess
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     N●n●
                     patimur
                     longae
                     patis
                     mala
                     ,
                     saevior
                     armis
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Luxuria
                     incubuit
                  
                   —
                
              
               
                 
                   We
                   suffer
                   now
                   the
                   harm
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   peace
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whil●st
                   Riot
                   ,
                   worse
                   than
                   war
                   ,
                   doth
                   thus
                   increase
                   .
                
              
            
             
               2
               Benefits
               .
               
                 
                   1
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   by
                   
                     
                       1
                       Spoil
                       of
                       the
                       Enemy
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Addition
                       of
                       Revenue
                       by
                       subjected
                       territories
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   2
                   Honor
                   ,
                   by
                   addition
                   of
                   
                     
                       1
                       Title
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Dominion
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                       3.
                       
                       A
                       more
                       facility
                       to
                       effect
                       than
                       heretofore
                       ,
                       by
                       
                         
                           1
                           Addition
                           of
                           new
                           strength
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           Substraction
                           of
                           diversions
                        
                      
                       The
                       facility
                       to
                       effect
                       this
                       being
                       now
                       more
                       than
                       ever
                       by
                       the
                       addition
                       of
                       strength
                       ,
                       and
                       substraction
                       of
                       diversions
                       ,
                       in
                       this
                       happy
                       union
                       of
                       the
                       
                         Britain
                         Empire
                      
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               
               The
               benefits
               arise
               from
               Profit
               and
               Honour
               .
               The
               Spoils
               we
               have
               brought
               away
               in
               our
               French
               &
               Spanish
               attempts
               exceeding
               ever
               the
               charge
               in
               getting
               ;
               and
               the
               Revenues
               of
               the
               subjected
               Signiories
               ,
               as
               
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 Aquitain
              
               ,
               &c.
               supporting
               with
               much
               and
               vantage
               the
               expence
               in
               keeping
               :
               Our
               Honour
               ,
               as
               the
               Stile
               of
               our
               Kings
               ,
               by
               confluence
               of
               so
               many
               Titles
               increased
               ;
               &
               by
               accession
               of
               so
               many
               Territories
               as
               we
               held
               in
               France
               ,
               our
               Dominions
               and
               liberties
               so
               far
               inlarged
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           AN
           ANSWER
           TO
           THE
           FORMER
           Arguments
           made
           by
           the
           command
           OF
           HIS
           HIGHNESS
           .
        
         
           AS
           he
           can
           give
           best
           Rules
           to
           preserve
           the
           health
           of
           a
           body
           natural
           ,
           that
           by
           observing
           the
           divers
           humours
           ,
           accidents
           and
           dispositions
           thereof
           ,
           findeth
           at
           length
           the
           cause
           from
           whence
           it
           is
           or
           well
           or
           ill-affected
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           mixture
           of
           Art
           and
           Observation
           sets
           to
           his
           Patient
           rules
           of
           exercise
           and
           dyet
           :
           so
           is
           it
           in
           a
           Kingdom
           or
           Commonwealth
           .
           If
           then
           out
           of
           the
           Registers
           of
           Record
           and
           Story
           ,
           the
           true
           Remembrancers
           of
           Art
           and
           Errour
           in
           passages
           of
           State
           ,
           it
           shall
           appear
           
             
             
               Answers
               to
               the
               former
               Arguments
               .
            
             
               1
               Affections
               of
               our
               wisest
               Princes
               ever
               to
               peace
               .
            
             
               2
               Forraign
               expeditions
               
                 
                   1
                   Rebellions
                   at
                   home
                   .
                
                 
                   2
                   Cause
                   of
                   
                     
                       1
                       Endless
                       taxations
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Vassalage
                       .
                    
                     
                       3
                       Danger
                       to
                       the
                       State.
                       
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               3
               Confederacy
               &
               alliance
               the
               means
               of
               former
               victories
               ,
               no
               ways
               to
               be
               restored
               as
               heretofore
               .
            
          
           that
           those
           times
           wich
           have
           been
           glorified
           with
           the
           mightiest
           Princes
           and
           wisest
           Councils
           ,
           would
           ever
           acknowledge
           that
           a
           
             Pax
             una
             triumphis
             Innumeris
             potior
          
           ;
           one
           Peace
           outgoes
           for
           worth
           Innumerable
           triumphs
           ;
           That
           Combustions
           at
           home
           were
           like
           Meteors
           ,
           ever
           kindled
           in
           another
           Region
           ,
           but
           spent
           themselves
           there
           ;
           That
           our
           men
           instead
           of
           Lawrel
           and
           
             Olive
             Garlands
          
           to
           adorn
           with
           victory
           and
           peace
           our
           Gates
           and
           Temples
           ,
           have
           ever
           brought
           home
           fire-balls
           to
           burn
           our
           Cities
           ;
           That
           forraign
           spoils
           have
           been
           summed
           up
           with
           Taxes
           and
           Penury
           ;
           That
           this
           addition
           of
           Revenue
           hath
           tyed
           us
           to
           a
           perpetual
           issue
           of
           our
           own
           Treasure
           ;
           That
           by
           these
           titles
           of
           Honour
           we
           have
           bought
           Slavery
           ,
           and
           by
           extenture
           of
           Territories
           ,
           Danger
           ;
           And
           that
           difficulty
           either
           to
           undertake
           or
           pursue
           any
           forraign
           enterprise
           now
           is
           much
           more
           than
           in
           any
           age
           before
           ;
           I
           think
           that
           no
           Englishman
           will
           either
           love
           his
           own
           errour
           so
           much
           ,
           or
           his
           Countrey
           so
           little
           ,
           as
           to
           advise
           a
           course
           so
           far
           estranged
           either
           from
           judgement
           or
           security
           .
        
         
           
           
             IT
             is
             manifest
             by
             warrant
             of
             our
             own
             examples
             ,
             
             that
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             ,
             (
             except
             in
             some
             heat
             of
             Youth
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             the
             best
             director
             of
             Counsel
             )
             preferred
             unjust
             Peace
             before
             the
             justest
             War
             :
             none
             inthralling
             their
             minds
             with
             ambitious
             desires
             of
             extending
             Territories
             ,
             or
             imaginary
             humours
             of
             licentious
             Soveraignty
             ;
             every
             one
             willing
             to
             pass
             his
             time
             with
             content
             of
             his
             private
             fortunes
             .
             Upon
             this
             ground
             Henry
             the
             second
             gave
             20000
             marks
             a
             
               Expensarum
               nomine
            
             ,
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             expences
             ,
             to
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             
               ut
               firmior
               Pax
               haberetur
            
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             have
             a
             firm
             and
             setled
             Peace
             .
             His
             succeeding
             son
             
               pro
               quieta
               clamatione
               de
               sorore
               sua
               ducenda
               ,
            
             for
             a
             peaceable
             claim
             to
             the
             marriage
             of
             his
             sister
             ,
             which
             was
             like
             to
             make
             a
             fraction
             ,
             gave
             to
             the
             French
             King
             b
             
               docem
               millia
               librarum
            
             ,
             ten
             thousand
             pounds
             .
             Three
             hundred
             thousand
             marks
             John
             gave
             to
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             to
             match
             his
             calm
             entrance
             to
             a
             secure
             peace
             .
             Until
             the
             Confederacy
             with
             c
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             invading
             of
             the
             Land
             by
             
               Charls
               de
               Valoys
            
             the
             French
             King
             provoked
             Edward
             the
             first
             ,
             he
             never
             disquieted
             France
             with
             noise
             of
             war
             ,
             as
             after
             he
             did
             by
             the
             d
             Earls
             of
             Richmond
             and
             Lancaster
             ,
             although
             Boniface
             the
             Pope
             incited
             him
             thereunto
             .
             His
             Son
             ,
             the
             second
             
               Edward
               ,
               anno
            
             2.
             requireth
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Clergy
             to
             pray
             and
             offer
             alms
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             people
             of
             this
             State
             ;
             the
             words
             are
             ,
             e
             
               ut
               Deus
               nos
               regat
               &
               dirigat
               in
               mundi
               hujus
               turbinibus
               ,
            
             that
             God
             would
             rule
             and
             direct
             us
             in
             the
             troubles
             of
             this
             world
             ;
             for
             that
             having
             sought
             all
             means
             with
             France
             he
             could
             for
             Peace
             ,
             
               ut
               Guerrarum
               discrimina
               vitaret
            
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             avoid
             the
             dangers
             of
             war
             ,
             he
             reaped
             nothing
             but
             bitterness
             ,
             
             and
             detention
             of
             his
             Messengers
             ,
             Son
             ,
             and
             part
             of
             his
             Dutchy
             of
             Gascoigne
             ,
             his
             Rebels
             injoying
             all
             Protection
             ,
             and
             his
             Merchants
             all
             Inhospitality
             ,
             whose
             ships
             his
             enemy
             
               hostiliter
               cepit
               ,
               &
               Mercatores
               interfecit
               ,
            
             took
             in
             a
             hostile
             sort
             .
             and
             slew
             the
             Merchants
             .
             The
             Parliament
             quinto
             of
             Edward
             3.
             a
             was
             especially
             called
             to
             consult
             how
             Peace
             might
             be
             procured
             .
             In
             his
             17
             year
             b
             the
             Peers
             and
             Commons
             petition
             him
             to
             labour
             a
             peace
             with
             France
             ,
             and
             to
             sollicite
             the
             Pope
             for
             mediation
             .
             The
             truce
             from
             hence
             effected
             he
             would
             by
             no
             means
             violate
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             twentieth
             year
             moveth
             peace
             by
             all
             the
             offers
             he
             c
             can
             ,
             as
             
               Contracts
               ,
               Intermarriage
            
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             up
             the
             Cross
             with
             
               France
               ,
               in
               succursum
               Terrae
               Sanctae
               ,
            
             for
             succour
             of
             the
             Holy
             Land.
             But
             all
             he
             could
             do
             could
             abate
             no
             whit
             of
             the
             
             French
             ●ury
             ,
             d
             who
             invaded
             by
             themselves
             
               Aquitain
               ,
               England
            
             by
             the
             Scots
             ,
             surprizing
             in
             breach
             of
             Truce
             his
             Nobility
             of
             Britain
             ,
             whom
             at
             
               Paris
               ignominiosae
               morti
               tradidit
            
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             shameful
             deaths
             ;
             there
             and
             in
             Gascoign
             murdering
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             rasing
             his
             Castles
             nor
             would
             upon
             a
             second
             meditation
             admit
             any
             way
             of
             peace
             .
             War
             then
             was
             left
             his
             last
             refuge
             ;
             e
             
               Et
               pia
               Armaquibus
               nulla
               nisi
               in
               Armis
               spes
               est
               ,
            
             War
             is
             to
             that
             man
             just
             and
             lawful
             ,
             who
             hath
             no
             hope
             of
             help
             but
             by
             war.
             And
             this
             his
             Clergy
             was
             injoyned
             to
             open
             in
             Sermons
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             eschew
             the
             infamy
             of
             Christian
             blood-shed
             .
             In
             his
             two
             and
             twentieth
             year
             finding
             war
             to
             have
             brought
             to
             his
             people
             f
             
               gravia
               onera
               &
               multa
               mala
            
             ,
             heavy
             burthens
             and
             many
             mischiefs
             ,
             as
             the
             Record
             saith
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             fortune
             of
             War
             
               cum
               splendet
               frangitur
            
             ,
             when
             it
             shineth
             clearest
             is
             
             then
             nearest
             breaking
             ;
             he
             passed
             over
             into
             France
             to
             seek
             peace
             divers
             times
             ;
             and
             to
             strengthen
             his
             affections
             with
             the
             best
             hopes
             ,
             he
             injoyneth
             all
             the
             Bishops
             of
             England
             to
             offer
             a
             
               devotas
               preces
               suppliciter
               ad
               Deum
            
             ,
             humble
             and
             devout
             prayers
             to
             God
             ,
             to
             direct
             his
             actions
             to
             Gods
             glory
             and
             the
             peace
             of
             his
             Countrey
             ,
             
               nec
               non
               ad
               totius
               Christianitatis
               commodum
               ,
            
             and
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             whole
             Christian
             world
             ;
             which
             he
             believed
             could
             not
             follow
             but
             by
             a
             firm
             amity
             with
             his
             neighbours
             .
             This
             is
             the
             dislike
             of
             war
             he
             openeth
             himself
             in
             the
             five
             and
             twentieth
             year
             b
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             declaring
             the
             great
             means
             he
             had
             wrought
             by
             the
             Pope
             ,
             but
             could
             not
             effect
             it
             :
             And
             in
             the
             third
             year
             after
             c
             calleth
             again
             the
             body
             of
             the
             State
             ,
             to
             devise
             with
             him
             the
             means
             to
             obtain
             it
             ;
             for
             that
             he
             saw
             his
             Subjects
             by
             war
             so
             greatly
             wasted
             .
             But
             d
             when
             anno
             29.
             to
             redeem
             himself
             and
             subjects
             from
             the
             hard
             tasks
             they
             had
             undertaken
             ,
             and
             to
             avoid
             
               effusionem
               sanguinis
               Christiani
               ,
               quantum
               potuit
               ,
               vel
               decuit
               ,
               pacem
               quaesivit
               ,
            
             the
             shedding
             of
             Christian
             blood
             ,
             he
             sought
             peace
             as
             much
             as
             in
             him
             lay
             ,
             and
             as
             far
             as
             was
             fitting
             ,
             sending
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             to
             Avignon
             in
             intercession
             ,
             but
             all
             in
             vain
             ;
             he
             stood
             upon
             his
             own
             strength
             .
             By
             which
             his
             confident
             adversary
             (
             the
             year
             following
             captive
             )
             that
             was
             afore
             obdurate
             ,
             justly
             found
             ,
             that
             one
             hour
             can
             overthrow
             
               simul
               parta
               &
               sperata
               decora
            
             ,
             at
             once
             both
             the
             honours
             we
             enjoy
             and
             those
             we
             hope
             for
             .
             And
             we
             may
             truly
             conclude
             of
             this
             Kings
             success
             ,
             as
             Livy
             e
             of
             the
             Roman
             fortune
             ,
             
               Propterea
               bella
               felicia
               gessisse
               ,
               quia
               justa
               ,
            
             that
             therefore
             his
             wars
             were
             prosperous
             ,
             because
             they
             were
             just
             .
          
           
           
             To
             obtain
             his
             desire
             and
             Subjects
             quiet
             ,
             he
             was
             contented
             to
             disclaim
             a
             the
             interest
             that
             Right
             and
             Fortune
             had
             cast
             upon
             him
             .
             And
             after
             ,
             though
             often
             again
             incited
             ,
             yet
             never
             would
             be
             drawn
             to
             ●he
             hazard
             of
             war
             ;
             for
             
               improbe
               Neptunum
               ac●usat
               qui
               iterum
               naufragium
               facit
               ,
            
             he
             blames
             Neptune
             very
             unjustly
             who
             suffers
             shipwrack
             ●he
             second
             time
             :
             until
             the
             French
             King
             b
             
               con●ra
               juramentum
               &
               formam
               pacis
            
             ,
             contrary
             to
             ●is
             oath
             and
             the
             form
             of
             peace
             ,
             had
             
               vexillis
               ex●licatis
            
             with
             banners
             displayed
             ,
             invaded
             his
             do●inions
             in
             France
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             Fleet
             intended
             ●o
             attempt
             
               England
               ,
               ad
               ipsum
               Regem
               viribus
               sub●ertendum
               ,
            
             utterly
             to
             undo
             the
             King
             by
             force
             of
             Arms.
             
          
           
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             whom
             as
             well
             he
             left
             Successour
             to
             his
             troubles
             as
             to
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             ●ntred
             in
             the
             decline
             of
             his
             Grandsires
             fortune
             ,
             ●nd
             after
             many
             years
             of
             war
             and
             much
             loss
             ,
             had
             ●n
             the
             end
             an
             expectation
             of
             peace
             ;
             which
             opened
             ●o
             his
             Commons
             and
             Council
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             c
             their
             longing
             affection
             was
             so
             much
             inclined
             hereto
             ,
             that
             they
             advised
             the
             King
             ,
             though
             it
             were
             ●n
             doing
             homage
             for
             
               Guien
               ,
               Callis
            
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             he
             ●hould
             not
             let
             slip
             that
             opportunity
             .
          
           
             Until
             Charles
             of
             France
             had
             received
             d
             that
             ●angerous
             Rebel
             
               Owen
               Glendowr
            
             ,
             by
             the
             name
             ●f
             
               Metuendissimi
               Principis
               Walliae
            
             ,
             the
             most
             ●read
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             ,
             into
             a
             strict
             confederacy
             ●gainst
             his
             Master
             (
             whom
             he
             vouchsafed
             no
             ●ther
             title
             than
             
               Henricus
               de
               Lancastria
            
             )
             by
             ●ontract
             ,
             and
             had
             harrowed
             the
             Isle
             of
             Wight
             by
             ●he
             Duke
             of
             Orleans
             and
             Earl
             of
             
               Saint
               Paul
            
             ,
             ●ntred
             into
             Gascoign
             himself
             ,
             and
             prepared
             a
             Fleet
             and
             an
             Army
             to
             invade
             this
             Land
             ,
             Henry
             
             the
             fourth
             did
             never
             disquiet
             his
             peace
             ;
             and
             after
             many
             prorogued
             Truces
             ,
             would
             not
             break
             out
             again
             ,
             until
             Burgundy
             a
             (
             that
             had
             wrested
             into
             his
             hand
             the
             Government
             of
             France
             )
             mean●
             with
             all
             his
             force
             to
             besiege
             Callis
             ,
             and
             annoy
             this
             Realm
             .
          
           
             The
             Uncle
             and
             Chancellour
             to
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             declared
             in
             b
             Parliament
             the
             desire
             his
             Master
             had
             to
             procure
             Peace
             ,
             and
             how
             the
             French
             King
             had
             refused
             all
             reason
             ,
             denying
             to
             render
             his
             prisoners
             ,
             or
             ransom
             those
             taken
             at
             Agin-Court
             battel
             :
             so
             that
             the
             King
             was
             driven
             to
             his
             last
             hope
             ,
             which
             was
             by
             dint
             of
             sword
             to
             seek
             his
             peace
             ,
             concluding
             thus
             his
             speech
             ;
             
               Bella
               faciamu●
               ut
               Pacem
               habeamus
               ,
               quia
               finis
               Belli
               Pax
               est
               .
            
             Let
             us
             fight
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             obtain
             peace
             ;
             for
             the
             end
             of
             war
             is
             peace
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ,
             to
             save
             the
             expence
             of
             his
             people
             and
             treasure
             ,
             offered
             c
             many
             large
             and
             liberal
             conditions
             ,
             but
             received
             in
             exchange
             nothing
             but
             scoffs
             :
             he
             was
             contented
             to
             part
             with
             the
             Dutchy
             of
             Mayne
             ,
             to
             make
             up
             a
             peace
             with
             his
             uncle
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             Against
             the
             Duke
             of
             Somerset
             it
             was
             objected
             d
             by
             the
             Duke
             of
             York
             ,
             that
             he
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             Oath
             and
             Council
             ,
             by
             breaking
             the
             Amity
             between
             the
             two
             Princes
             )
             was
             the
             only
             ground
             of
             the
             loss
             of
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             There
             is
             extant
             in
             the
             Treasury
             e
             a
             petition
             of
             9
             Hen.
             7.
             from
             the
             Captains
             and
             military
             men
             ,
             
               propace
               habenda
            
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             have
             peace
             .
          
           
             Neither
             interest
             of
             right
             ,
             nor
             jealousie
             of
             increasing
             power
             ,
             could
             draw
             Henry
             8.
             unto
             the
             quarrel
             of
             France
             ;
             until
             the
             Church
             complained
             against
             Lewis
             12.
             f
             who
             neither
             esteeming
             
             ●f
             God
             ,
             good
             fame
             ,
             nor
             conscience
             ,
             detained
             ●he
             revenues
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             supported
             the
             Cardi●al
             William
             to
             aspire
             to
             the
             Papacy
             ,
             aided
             in
             the
             ●ege
             of
             
               Boucy
               Alfonso
            
             of
             Ferrara
             ,
             and
             the
             Benivagli
             ,
             both
             Traytors
             to
             the
             Papal
             See
             ,
             where
             ●e
             intended
             to
             lay
             the
             foundation
             of
             his
             Empire
             ●o
             usurp
             all
             
               Italy
               ,
            
             )
             and
             besought
             him
             for
             the
             pitty
             ●f
             our
             Saviour
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             virtue
             of
             his
             famous
             Ancestors
             (
             for
             I
             use
             the
             words
             of
             the
             Popes
             Brief
             )
             a
             that
             never
             forsook
             the
             Church
             of
             God
             in
             di●ress
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             filial
             obedience
             ,
             (
             the
             strongest
             ●ond
             )
             to
             enter
             into
             that
             holy
             League
             ,
             they
             having
             ●lected
             him
             against
             
               Lewis
               ,
               Coput
               foeder
               is
               Italici
               ,
            
             Head
             of
             the
             Italian
             League
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             ,
             b
             until
             urged
             with
             the
             touch
             of
             his
             honour
             ,
             being
             by
             his
             neighbours
             neglected
             ●n
             the
             marriage
             of
             their
             Mistress
             ,
             never
             attempted
             ●ny
             war
             against
             them
             .
          
           
             The
             quarrels
             of
             France
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             suc●eeding
             sister
             ,
             after
             the
             marriage
             with
             Spain
             ,
             were
             ●either
             properly
             ours
             ,
             nor
             begun
             by
             us
             ,
             although
             ●n
             the
             end
             we
             only
             went
             away
             with
             the
             loss
             .
          
           
             Her
             Sister
             of
             holy
             memory
             ,
             to
             effect
             the
             peace
             with
             France
             ,
             forbore
             c
             the
             demand
             of
             Callis
             for
             ●ight
             years
             ,
             and
             neglected
             to
             urge
             a
             just
             debt
             of
             four
             millions
             from
             that
             Crown
             .
             d
             And
             the
             labours
             she
             ●pent
             to
             confirm
             amity
             with
             Spain
             ,
             by
             many
             ●riendly
             offices
             of
             mediation
             ,
             are
             apparent
             to
             the
             whole
             world
             ;
             though
             in
             the
             end
             of
             her
             desires
             she
             ●ailed
             :
             whether
             happily
             in
             prevention
             of
             the
             
               Spa●ish
               Monarchy
            
             eternizing
             her
             memory
             ,
             or
             that
             ●his
             work
             of
             peace
             was
             by
             divine
             providence
             re●erved
             for
             him
             that
             could
             and
             hath
             best
             effected
             ●t
             ,
             I
             know
             not
             .
             Only
             I
             conclude
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             first
             Monarch
             in
             Rome
             ,
             so
             the
             first
             in
             Britain
             
             might
             justly
             write
             ,
             
               Pace
               Populo
               Britanno
               terr●
               marique
               parta
               ,
               Janum
               clausi
               ,
            
             having
             setled
             Britai●
             in
             peace
             by
             Land
             and
             sea
             ,
             I
             have
             shut
             up
             the
             door●
             of
             Janus
             Temple
             .
          
           
             Forraign
             arms
             the
             ground
             of
             trouble
             at
             home
             ,
             by
             the
             
               
                 Enemy
                 who
                 to
                 divert
                 will
                 attempt
                 .
              
               
                 Subjects
                 .
                 
                   
                     wearied
                     with
                     Toyl
                     .
                     Taxation
                     .
                  
                   
                     Feared
                     with
                     the
                     effect
                     of
                     tyranny
                     .
                  
                   
                     Inured
                     to
                     wars
                     can
                     never
                     sute
                     after
                     to
                     a
                     quiet
                     life
                     .
                  
                
                 It
                 is
                 evident
                 by
                 our
                 own
                 examples
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 mo●●
                 part
                 ,
                 the
                 Civil
                 or
                 Forraign
                 Armies
                 that
                 have
                 oppressed
                 this
                 State
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 either
                 bred
                 out
                 of
                 our
                 first
                 attempting
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 or
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 grievance
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 people
                 ,
                 either
                 wearied
                 with
                 the
                 toil
                 and
                 charge
                 ,
                 or
                 feared
                 with
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 corrupt
                 the
                 good
                 fortune
                 of
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 (
                 a●
                 plague
                 no
                 less
                 of
                 war
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 better
                 sort
                 inured
                 to
                 command
                 abroad
                 ,
                 have
                 forgotten
                 to
                 obey
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 inferiour
                 by
                 living
                 there
                 upon
                 rapine
                 and
                 purchase
                 ,
                 unwilling
                 here
                 to
                 tye
                 themselves
                 again
                 to
                 order
                 and
                 industry
                 .
              
            
          
           
             There
             is
             in
             the
             Register
             of
             State
             no
             time
             that
             
             so
             well
             expresseth
             either
             the
             danger
             or
             damage
             we
             underwent
             in
             making
             an
             adversary
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             .
             Out
             of
             many
             examples
             I
             will
             select
             some
             few
             ,
             beginning
             with
             the
             tenth
             of
             his
             reign
             ;
             at
             what
             time
             his
             intention
             was
             to
             attempt
             somewhat
             in
             France
             ,
             but
             diverted
             by
             Philip
             ,
             who
             ,
             mustring
             
               in
               partibus
               Britanniae
               ad
               invadendum
               
               Regnum
               Angliae
               ,
            
             in
             the
             parts
             of
             ●ritany
             to
             invade
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             ,
             a
             ●uissant
             Army
             ,
             enforced
             Edward
             the
             third
             to
             fall
             
             ●rom
             his
             first
             purpose
             ,
             and
             insist
             upon
             his
             own
             ●uard
             :
             for
             which
             cause
             ,
             to
             the
             infinite
             charge
             ●f
             himself
             and
             people
             ,
             he
             levied
             80000.
             men
             ●ut
             of
             the
             Shires
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             .
             To
             withdraw
             ●is
             forces
             from
             France
             ,
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             of
             his
             ●eign
             ,
             they
             invaded
             the
             Realm
             ,
             and
             burned
             the
             ●owns
             of
             Plymouth
             and
             Southampton
             ,
             places
             ●hat
             suffered
             from
             the
             same
             motive
             the
             like
             ca●amity
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             first
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             after
             the
             ●attel
             of
             Cressy
             ,
             when
             they
             feared
             our
             too
             much
             ●ooting
             ,
             and
             we
             too
             much
             believed
             our
             own
             for●une
             ,
             for
             she
             
               cito
               reposcit
               quod
               dedit
            
             ,
             quickly
             ●alls
             for
             back
             what
             she
             gave
             us
             ;
             the
             a
             Duke
             of
             Normandy
             ,
             to
             draw
             home
             our
             forces
             ,
             levieth
             an
             Army
             of
             forty
             thousand
             men
             at
             armes
             ,
             and
             forty
             ●housand
             foot
             ,
             sharing
             by
             idle
             contracts
             before-●and
             with
             his
             Confederates
             not
             the
             spoils
             only
             ,
             ●ut
             the
             Kingdom
             it self
             :
             the
             Honour
             and
             some
             ●ther
             portion
             of
             benefits
             he
             reserved
             as
             his
             own
             ●eed
             ;
             the
             possessions
             of
             many
             English
             Subjects
             ●n
             pure
             alms
             he
             voweth
             to
             the
             Church
             of
             Normandy
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             French
             King
             an
             yearly
             tribu●ary
             Fee
             of
             twenty
             thousand
             pound
             .
             In
             these
             ●erms
             this
             Realm
             stood
             almost
             all
             the
             time
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             .
          
           
             The
             Coast-dwellers
             were
             so
             frighted
             from
             their
             habitation
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             year
             the
             King
             commanded
             the
             Earl
             of
             Richmond
             b
             and
             other
             Peers
             to
             reside
             at
             their
             border
             houses
             ;
             and
             was
             inforced
             in
             the
             two
             and
             twentieth
             to
             injoyn
             by
             Ordinance
             ,
             that
             none
             should
             remove
             that
             dwelt
             
             within
             
               sex
               leucas
               à
               mari
            
             ,
             six
             leagues
             of
             th●
             Sea.
             
          
           
             It
             was
             no
             whit
             altered
             under
             his
             successour
             Richard
             the
             second
             ;
             for
             in
             his
             entrance
             the
             Frenc●
             burnt
             the
             Town
             of
             Rye
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             third
             year
             after
             Gravesend
             .
             And
             in
             the
             tenth
             year
             of
             his
             reign
             ,
             to
             change
             his
             intended
             journey
             for
             France
             in
             person
             ,
             the
             French
             King
             prepareth
             an
             Army
             to
             invade
             this
             Land.
             This
             quarrel
             led
             us
             almost
             into
             an
             eternal
             charge
             at
             Sea
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Northern
             limits
             ,
             they
             and
             our
             Neighbours
             there
             being
             tyed
             of
             old
             in
             strict
             assurance
             of
             mutual
             aid
             :
             by
             whose
             desperate
             and
             perpetual
             incursion
             (
             for
             
               nescit
               Plebs
               jejuna
               timere
            
             ,
             an
             half-starved
             rabble
             fears
             nothing
             ,
             )
             the
             fattest
             parts
             of
             our
             borders
             were
             left
             waste
             ,
             the
             men
             and
             cattle
             of
             England
             (
             as
             16.
             of
             
               Edw.
               2.
               )
               impetus
               Scotorum
               fugientes
               ,
            
             being
             fled
             for
             safety
             to
             the
             Forrests
             and
             desart
             places
             .
             The
             like
             I
             find
             in
             the
             first
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             :
             they
             ever
             thus
             interrupting
             us
             in
             our
             expeditions
             into
             France
             ;
             as
             in
             20
             Ed.
             3.
             and
             in
             the
             first
             and
             second
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             in
             the
             fifth
             of
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             fourth
             of
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             ,
             when
             he
             undertook
             his
             holy
             voyage
             against
             Lewis
             the
             twelfth
             .
          
           
             And
             either
             being
             no
             less
             ready
             to
             nourish
             the
             least
             spark
             of
             Rebellion
             in
             this
             State
             ,
             as
             that
             of
             the
             French
             King
             to
             counterpoize
             King
             John
             ;
             or
             work
             out
             Henry
             the
             third
             from
             his
             Dutchy
             of
             Normandy
             ,
             as
             France
             did
             ;
             or
             moving
             underhand
             by
             the
             Duke
             of
             Britain
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Hartford
             to
             reach
             the
             Crown
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             got
             the
             Garland
             ,
             suborning
             
               Owen
               Glendowr
            
             (
             with
             whom
             he
             contracted
             as
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             )
             to
             busie
             the
             same
             King
             at
             home
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             divert
             his
             intended
             purpose
             from
             France
             or
             Scotland
             .
          
           
           
             WHen
             Henry
             the
             third
             had
             devoured
             in
             his
             
             mind
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Sicily
             ,
             the
             Nobility
             finding
             the
             expence
             of
             Treasure
             ,
             and
             fearing
             the
             exposing
             of
             their
             own
             persons
             ,
             grew
             so
             unwilling
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             bent
             and
             course
             of
             the
             record
             it
             appeareth
             a
             not
             the
             least
             ground
             of
             that
             rebellion
             which
             after
             drew
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Son
             to
             so
             foul
             conditions
             .
          
           
             A
             judgement
             there
             must
             be
             between
             powers
             and
             undertakings
             ,
             that
             though
             affections
             may
             carry
             a
             man
             to
             great
             things
             ,
             they
             make
             him
             not
             attempt
             ●mpossible
             :
             for
             where
             great
             minds
             are
             not
             accompanied
             with
             great
             judgements
             ,
             they
             overthrow
             ●hemselves
             .
             As
             in
             this
             Prince
             ,
             who
             by
             the
             
             Popes
             ●ncitement
             
               simplicitatem
               Regis
               circumveniens
            
             ,
             circumventing
             the
             King
             in
             his
             honest
             meaning
             ,
             (
             they
             are
             the
             words
             of
             the
             Author
             b
             )
             intend●ng
             to
             rifle
             the
             fortunes
             of
             others
             ,
             was
             in
             the
             end
             ●nforced
             to
             play
             at
             dice
             for
             his
             own
             stake
             .
          
           
             The
             Earls
             of
             
               Hartford
               ,
               Bohun
            
             and
             Bigot
             ,
             made
             
             ●he
             grounds
             of
             their
             commotions
             the
             distaste
             they
             ●ook
             at
             Edward
             the
             first
             for
             exacting
             their
             Service
             in
             the
             quarrel
             of
             Gascoign
             ,
             a
             forraign
             Countrey
             .
             And
             they
             might
             seem
             to
             have
             some
             colour
             to
             refuse
             ,
             but
             in
             a
             more
             mannerly
             fashion
             ,
             either
             attendance
             ●or
             charge
             in
             recovery
             or
             defence
             of
             Provinces
             in
             France
             ,
             since
             so
             many
             consents
             in
             Parliament
             as
             c
             the
             twentieth
             of
             Rich.
             the
             second
             ,
             the
             sixth
             and
             ninth
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             the
             first
             and
             seventh
             of
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             affirm
             the
             Commons
             not
             to
             be
             bound
             
               pour
               supporter
               ses
               Guerres
               en
               la
               terre
               de
               France
               ou
               Normandie
               ,
            
             to
             support
             his
             wars
             either
             in
             France
             or
             Normandy
             ;
             declaring
             no
             less
             by
             publick
             protestation
             ,
             than
             they
             did
             by
             undutiful
             denial
             .
          
           
           
             For
             the
             burden
             of
             Charge
             ,
             it
             was
             no
             less
             distasteful
             
             than
             the
             former
             of
             Service
             ,
             this
             Kingdom
             being
             (
             as
             it
             is
             said
             a
             of
             the
             Roman
             Provinces
             occasioned
             by
             war
             )
             made
             desert
             ,
             and
             the
             people
             desperate
             by
             Exactions
             .
             In
             the
             Conquerours
             time
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Durham
             was
             killed
             by
             the
             tumultuous
             people
             ,
             opposing
             an
             imposition
             levyed
             by
             him
             .
             There
             was
             b
             
               murmuratio
               &
               imprecatio
               Praelatorum
               in
               Regem
               Joannem
               ,
            
             mutterings
             and
             curses
             from
             the
             Prelates
             against
             King
             John
             ,
             for
             demanding
             in
             the
             eighth
             of
             his
             reign
             a
             relief
             of
             them
             and
             the
             Laiety
             for
             his
             wars
             .
             In
             the
             sixteenth
             year
             
               Cives
               Londinenses
               Joannem
               odio
               habuerunt
               pro
               injustis
               Exactionibus
               quibus
               Regnum
               fatigaverat
               ,
            
             the
             Londoners
             detested
             King
             John
             for
             his
             tiring
             out
             the
             Kingdom
             with
             unjust
             taxations
             .
             c
             The
             sink
             of
             his
             expence
             in
             war
             was
             so
             bottomless
             ,
             that
             (
             as
             the
             story
             saith
             )
             he
             was
             constrained
             
               desaevire
               quotidie
               cum
               incremento
            
             ,
             to
             grow
             every
             day
             more
             unreasonable
             in
             his
             carriage
             towards
             the
             Church
             and
             Commonwealth
             ,
             
               eas
               bonis
               suis
               variis
               modis
               spoliando
               ,
            
             by
             despoiling
             them
             several
             wayes
             of
             their
             goods
             .
             d
             
               Hinc
               secutum
               est
               Bellum
               inter
               Regem
               &
               Barones
               quod
               cum
               morte
               Joannis
               solum
               finem
               habuit
               :
            
             This
             was
             it
             which
             kindled
             that
             war
             betwixt
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Barons
             ,
             which
             nothing
             could
             quench
             but
             the
             death
             of
             John
             himself
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             twenty
             sixth
             of
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             
               ob
               exactionum
               frequentiam
               est
               Regi
               cum
               Baronibus
               contentio
               ,
            
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             continual
             exactions
             there
             arose
             a
             contention
             betwixt
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Barons
             e
             .
             At
             the
             Parlee
             of
             peace
             with
             them
             being
             demanded
             a
             reason
             of
             that
             their
             action
             ,
             they
             answer
             that
             since
             he
             came
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             being
             not
             
             twelve
             years
             ,
             
               multoties
               ei
               auxilium
               dederunt
            
             ,
             they
             had
             many
             times
             supplyed
             him
             ;
             and
             expressing
             the
             particulars
             besides
             in
             the
             same
             place
             ,
             he
             had
             received
             
               ●ot
               Escaetas
            
             ,
             so
             many
             Escheats
             ,
             by
             the
             vacancy
             of
             rich
             Bishopricks
             ,
             death
             of
             so
             many
             Barons
             and
             others
             that
             held
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             those
             alone
             would
             have
             made
             him
             rich
             if
             they
             had
             been
             well
             imployed
             .
             That
             the
             
               Itinerant
               Justices
            
             had
             by
             amercing
             the
             defaults
             gleaned
             them
             so
             near
             ,
             that
             
               per
               illa
               amerciamenta
               &
               alia
               Auxilia
               prius
               data
               omnes
               de
               Regno
               it
               a
               gravarentur
               &
               depauperarentur
               ,
               ut
               parum
               aut
               nihil
               habeant
               in
               Bonis
               ,
            
             by
             those
             Amercements
             and
             the
             Subsidies
             they
             had
             formerly
             given
             him
             ,
             all
             the
             Kingdom
             was
             so
             crushed
             and
             impoverished
             ,
             that
             they
             had
             little
             or
             nothing
             left
             them
             .
             And
             that
             was
             the
             ground
             of
             their
             resistance
             .
             a
             
               Archiepiscopus
               Cantuariensis
               &
               alii
               Praelati
               resistunt
               Regi
               ,
            
             the
             Archbishop
             of
             Canterbury
             and
             other
             Prelates
             resist
             the
             King
             ,
             when
             in
             his
             fifteenth
             year
             he
             demanded
             Scutag●
             .
             And
             although
             he
             laid
             open
             to
             the
             Parliament
             his
             great
             debt
             
               causa
               bellicae
               expeditionis
               in
               partibus
               transmarinis
               ,
            
             occasioned
             by
             his
             forraign
             expeditions
             ,
             was
             answered
             by
             
               Ranulph
               Earl
            
             of
             Chester
             ,
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             Laiety
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             former
             Aides
             
               Pecuniam
               suam
               effuderunt
               ,
               quod
               inde
               pauperes
               omnes
               recesserunt
               ,
               unde
               Regi
               de
               jure
               auxilium
               non
               debebant
               ,
            
             they
             had
             poured
             out
             their
             money
             so
             liberally
             ,
             as
             that
             being
             all
             impoverished
             by
             it
             ,
             they
             were
             not
             obliged
             to
             assist
             him
             any
             farther
             .
             And
             thus
             b
             dissolved
             the
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             The
             Clergy
             of
             the
             Realm
             in
             the
             twenty
             fourth
             of
             Edward
             the
             first
             denyed
             the
             demand
             of
             Contribution
             c
             
               in
               expeditionem
               Regis
               contra
               Gallos
               &
               ad
               reprimendos
               Scotos
               ,
            
             towards
             the
             Kings
             expedition
             
             against
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             the
             repressing
             of
             the
             Scots
             .
             And
             
               ob
               has
               crebras
               exactiones
               magnus
               fit
               tumultus
               inter
               Regem
               &
               Barones
               ,
            
             by
             reason
             of
             these
             frequent
             extorsions
             ,
             there
             arose
             a
             great
             difference
             betwixt
             the
             King
             and
             the
             Barons
             .
          
           
             One
             of
             the
             Articles
             of
             treason
             objected
             against
             Mortimer
             a
             in
             Parliament
             in
             the
             fourth
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             was
             the
             offence
             he
             bred
             in
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             by
             causing
             a
             Subsidie
             to
             be
             exacted
             .
             This
             humour
             of
             the
             people
             did
             somewhat
             suit
             with
             that
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Trevers
             ,
             b
             who
             stoned
             to
             death
             Proclerus
             for
             perswading
             Theodoret
             the
             Goth
             to
             crave
             a
             Subsidy
             .
          
           
             The
             Clergy
             in
             the
             twelfth
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             c
             deny
             such
             a
             grant
             of
             their
             Wools
             as
             the
             Laiety
             had
             yielded
             to
             ,
             for
             supplying
             the
             King
             in
             his
             affairs
             of
             France
             .
             The
             like
             answer
             they
             make
             the
             forty
             fourth
             of
             the
             same
             King
             ,
             when
             he
             d
             demanded
             in
             Parliament
             a
             Subsidy
             of
             them
             and
             the
             Commons
             of
             100000l
             .
             And
             the
             same
             King
             grown
             doubtful
             of
             his
             people
             prest
             down
             with
             Impositions
             ,
             requireth
             the
             Archbishop
             ,
             e
             
               Quod
               cum
               Populus
               Regni
               sui
               variis
               Oneribus
               ,
               Tallagiis
               &
               Impositionibus
               praegravetur
               ,
               ut
               idem
               Archiepisc
               .
               Indulgentiarum
               muneribus
               ,
               piis
               Exhortationibus
               ,
               &
               aliis
               modis
               ,
               eundum
               Populum
               placare
               studeat
               ,
               &
               ipsum
               Regem
               excuset
               ,
            
             that
             since
             the
             Subjects
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             were
             over-charged
             with
             many
             Burthens
             ,
             Tallages
             ,
             and
             other
             Impositions
             ,
             the
             said
             Archbishop
             would
             by
             grant
             of
             Indulgences
             ,
             seasonable
             Exhortations
             ,
             and
             other
             ways
             endeavour
             to
             pacifie
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             excuse
             the
             King.
             
          
           
             By
             reason
             of
             the
             
               Census
               per
               Capita
            
             ,
             Pol-money
             imposed
             by
             Parliament
             in
             the
             third
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             to
             defray
             the
             wars
             in
             France
             ,
             there
             
             were
             a
             
               dirae
               imprecationes
               in
               Regem
               ,
               &
               magnae
               ●…ost
               perturbationes
               in
               Regno
               ex
               Plebis
               insurre●…ione
               ,
            
             heavy
             and
             bitter
             imprecations
             against
             ●…he
             King
             ,
             which
             were
             followed
             with
             great
             trou●…les
             in
             the
             Nation
             by
             the
             insurrection
             of
             the
             Commons
             .
             And
             as
             well
             in
             the
             reign
             of
             this
             King
             ,
             as
             some
             other
             of
             his
             Predecessours
             and
             Suc●…essours
             ,
             the
             Parliament
             was
             so
             tender
             in
             grant
             of
             Subsidy
             and
             other
             Taxes
             ,
             that
             they
             added
             into
             their
             Act
             ,
             b
             
               quod
               non
               trahatur
               in
               consequentiam
            
             ,
             that
             〈◊〉
             should
             be
             no
             example
             for
             the
             future
             ,
             appointing
             ●…eculiar
             Treasurers
             of
             their
             own
             to
             give
             account
             ●…pon
             Oath
             the
             next
             Parliament
             :
             and
             such
             Grants
             ,
             which
             they
             professed
             to
             proceed
             c
             
               ex
               libera
               &
               ●…pontanea
               voluntate
               Dominorum
               &
               Comitatuum
               ,
            
             ●…rom
             the
             free
             and
             voluntary
             grant
             of
             the
             Lords
             and
             ●…espective
             Counties
             ,
             to
             be
             void
             if
             Conditions
             on
             ●…he
             Kings
             part
             were
             not
             performed
             .
             And
             this
             un●…ortunate
             King
             had
             cast
             upon
             him
             as
             an
             argument
             of
             his
             unworthiness
             to
             govern
             ,
             the
             exacting
             of
             so
             great
             Subsidies
             ,
             and
             extorting
             so
             much
             money
             from
             ●…he
             Shires
             that
             submitted
             their
             Fortunes
             unto
             his
             ●…mercy
             .
          
           
             And
             when
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             in
             anno
             20.
             would
             ●…ave
             had
             a
             Relief
             from
             his
             Subjects
             d
             
               de
               aliqua
               ●…umma
               notabili
            
             ,
             of
             some
             considerable
             summ
             ;
             he
             ●…ad
             in
             answer
             ,
             
               Propter
               inopiam
            
             ,
             &c.
             
               populi
               il●…ud
               non
               posse
               obtineri
            
             ,
             that
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             pover●…y
             ,
             &c.
             of
             the
             people
             it
             could
             not
             be
             granted
             .
             The
             ●…ike
             in
             the
             twenty
             fourth
             of
             the
             same
             King.
             Great
             men
             have
             been
             disposed
             sometimes
             to
             humour
             the
             waste
             of
             Treasure
             in
             their
             Princes
             ,
             either
             to
             subject
             Power
             by
             Need
             to
             their
             devotion
             and
             ●…we
             ,
             (
             for
             Princes
             dare
             most
             offend
             them
             whom
             they
             have
             least
             cause
             to
             use
             ;
             )
             or
             to
             force
             Necessity
             
             to
             extend
             Prerogative
             so
             far
             ,
             untill
             by
             putting
             all
             into
             Combustion
             ,
             some
             may
             attain
             unto
             the
             end
             of
             their
             Ambition
             ,
             others
             the
             redress
             of
             supposed
             Injuries
             .
             a
             Thus
             did
             the
             Faction
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             in
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             the
             Nobility
             under
             Henry
             the
             third
             in
             the
             other
             ;
             who
             hereby
             quitted
             the
             State
             oppressed
             (
             as
             they
             thought
             )
             with
             the
             Kings
             Half-brothers
             ,
             the
             Poictovins
             and
             other
             Strangers
             .
          
           
             Subjects
             fear
             to
             have
             the
             enemies
             of
             their
             Soveraigns
             too
             much
             weakned
             ,
             lest
             themselves
             become
             Tyrants
             .
             And
             it
             is
             in
             the
             farthest
             respect
             in
             the
             b
             Baronage
             under
             
               John
               ,
               Henry
            
             his
             son
             ,
             and
             c
             Edward
             the
             second
             ,
             to
             fear
             as
             much
             the
             absolute
             Greatness
             of
             their
             Soveraign
             ,
             as
             they
             did
             the
             Diminution
             of
             their
             own
             estates
             .
             And
             therefore
             when
             they
             found
             their
             King
             to
             grow
             too
             fast
             upon
             any
             neighbour
             Adversary
             ,
             then
             would
             they
             lend
             their
             best
             aid
             to
             diminish
             his
             power
             or
             fortune
             ;
             left
             by
             inlarging
             himself
             upon
             the
             other
             that
             poized
             his
             greatness
             ,
             he
             might
             forget
             and
             become
             a
             Tyrant
             ;
             as
             one
             saith
             of
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             d
             
               Assumpserat
               cornua
               audaci●
               tam
               contra
               Ecclesiam
               quam
               Regni
               universalitatem
               ,
               Roberto
               fratre
               &
               aliis
               inimicis
               edomitis
               ,
            
             having
             once
             overcome
             his
             brother
             Robert
             and
             other
             enemies
             ,
             with
             audacious
             and
             presumptuous
             horns
             he
             goared
             as
             well
             the
             Church
             ,
             as
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             breaking
             his
             Seal
             ,
             his
             Charter
             ,
             and
             his
             Oath
             .
          
           
             The
             memory
             of
             this
             caused
             the
             Nobility
             e
             to
             call
             in
             the
             French
             Kings
             Son
             ,
             when
             John
             their
             Soveraign
             began
             to
             know
             his
             own
             authority
             (
             as
             they
             thought
             )
             too
             much
             .
             And
             the
             French
             Subjects
             aided
             on
             the
             other
             side
             Henry
             the
             third
             against
             
             their
             Master
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             almost
             cooped
             up
             in
             his
             Britain
             journey
             .
             This
             (
             as
             the
             Stories
             report
             )
             being
             a
             practice
             usual
             in
             those
             days
             .
          
           
             THe
             last
             mischief
             is
             the
             disposition
             that
             Military
             
             education
             leaveth
             in
             the
             minds
             of
             many
             ;
             For
             it
             is
             not
             born
             with
             them
             that
             they
             so
             much
             distaste
             peace
             ,
             but
             proceeds
             from
             that
             custome
             that
             hath
             made
             in
             them
             another
             nature
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             rarely
             found
             that
             ever
             Civil
             troubles
             of
             
             this
             State
             were
             dangerously
             undertaken
             ,
             but
             where
             the
             plot
             and
             pursuit
             was
             made
             by
             a
             spirit
             so
             infused
             .
          
           
             King
             John
             had
             been
             after
             a
             
               sine
               Regno
            
             without
             a
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             he
             was
             at
             first
             
               sans
               terre
            
             without
             land
             ,
             if
             his
             rebenediction
             had
             not
             wrought
             more
             upon
             the
             disloyal
             designs
             of
             Fitzwalter
             and
             Marshal
             ,
             (
             whom
             his
             own
             elective
             love
             had
             made
             great
             in
             opinion
             by
             the
             Norman
             Services
             )
             than
             either
             his
             rebated
             Sword
             or
             blasted
             Sceptre
             could
             .
          
           
             b
             If
             
               Simon
               Montfort
            
             had
             not
             been
             too
             much
             improved
             in
             Experience
             and
             his
             own
             Opinion
             by
             the
             many
             services
             he
             underwent
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             Gascoign
             ,
             he
             had
             never
             so
             much
             dared
             against
             Duty
             ,
             as
             to
             come
             over
             at
             the
             first
             call
             to
             make
             head
             against
             his
             Master
             ,
             and
             pursue
             him
             with
             that
             fury
             of
             Ambition
             ,
             until
             he
             had
             forced
             him
             to
             redeem
             the
             liberty
             of
             his
             person
             by
             the
             blasting
             of
             so
             many
             flowers
             of
             his
             
               Imperial
               Crown
            
             :
             and
             to
             set
             himself
             so
             far
             below
             the
             seat
             of
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             to
             capitulate
             with
             them
             upon
             even
             conditions
             ,
             which
             not
             performed
             (
             I
             use
             his
             own
             words
             )
             c
             
               Liceat
               omnibus
               de
               Regno
               nostro
               contra
               nos
               insurgere
               ,
            
             it
             shall
             be
             lawful
             for
             all
             persons
             in
             our
             Kingdom
             to
             rise
             up
             against
             us
             ,
             and
             to
             do
             
               omnia
               quae
               gravamen
               
               nostrum
               respiciant
               ,
               acsi
               Nobis
               in
               null●
               tenerentur
               ,
            
             so
             to
             act
             all
             things
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             grievances
             from
             us
             upon
             them
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             by
             no
             tye
             obliged
             to
             us
             .
          
           
             If
             
               Richard
               Duke
            
             of
             York
             had
             never
             learned
             to
             be
             so
             great
             a
             Souldier
             at
             the
             cost
             of
             his
             Master
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             in
             another
             State
             ,
             he
             had
             never
             disquieted
             the
             calm
             of
             his
             Times
             ,
             or
             given
             just
             occasion
             to
             his
             Opposite
             Somerset
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             if
             
             
               he
               had
               never
               learned
               to
               play
               the
               King
               by
               his
               Regency
               in
            
             France
             ,
             
               he
               had
               never
               forgot
               to
               obey
               as
               a
               Subject
               when
               he
               returned
               into
            
             England
             .
          
           
             Our
             own
             times
             can
             afford
             some
             ,
             whose
             spirit
             improved
             by
             
               Military
               imployment
            
             ,
             and
             made
             wanton
             with
             popular
             applause
             ,
             might
             have
             given
             instance
             of
             these
             dangers
             ,
             if
             good
             success
             had
             been
             a
             relative
             to
             bad
             intentions
             .
             And
             every
             age
             breeds
             some
             exorbitant
             spirits
             ,
             who
             turn
             the
             edge
             of
             their
             own
             sufficiency
             upon
             whatsoever
             they
             can
             devour
             in
             their
             ambitious
             apprehensions
             ,
             seeking
             rather
             a
             great
             than
             a
             good
             Fame
             ;
             and
             holding
             it
             the
             chiefest
             Honour
             to
             be
             thought
             the
             Wonder
             of
             their
             times
             :
             which
             if
             they
             attain
             to
             ,
             it
             is
             but
             the
             condition
             of
             Monsters
             ,
             that
             are
             generally
             much
             admired
             ,
             but
             more
             abhorred
             .
          
           
             But
             war
             some
             may
             say
             mouldeth
             not
             all
             men
             thus
             :
             for
             vertuous
             men
             will
             use
             their
             weapons
             for
             ornament
             amongst
             their
             Friends
             ,
             against
             Enemies
             for
             defence
             .
             And
             to
             those
             men
             their
             own
             goodness
             is
             not
             safe
             ,
             
               nam
               Regibus
               boni
               quam
               mali
               suspectiores
               sunt
               ,
            
             for
             Kings
             suspect
             good
             men
             sooner
             than
             bad
             .
             Kings
             must
             have
             their
             Ministers
             
               pares
               negotiis
            
             fit
             for
             their
             business
             ,
             and
             not
             supra
             above
             it
             ,
             or
             too
             able
             for
             it
             .
             For
             another
             
             mans
             too-much
             sufficiency
             (
             as
             they
             take
             it
             )
             is
             a
             diminution
             of
             their
             respectiveness
             ,
             and
             therefore
             dangerous
             .
          
           
             THe
             meaner
             sort
             having
             forgot
             the
             toile
             of
             
             their
             first
             life
             by
             inuring
             themselves
             to
             the
             liberty
             of
             War
             ,
             which
             leaveth
             for
             the
             most
             part
             the
             lives
             of
             men
             to
             their
             own
             looseness
             ,
             and
             the
             means
             of
             getting
             to
             their
             own
             justice
             ,
             can
             never
             again
             endure
             either
             order
             or
             labour
             ;
             and
             so
             return
             but
             to
             corrupt
             the
             Common-wealth
             with
             their
             lawless
             manners
             .
             For
             living
             more
             riotously
             than
             the
             rapine
             of
             forraign
             victory
             could
             warrant
             ,
             (
             as
             for
             the
             most
             they
             do
             )
             in
             contempt
             of
             their
             own
             private
             Want
             and
             Fortune
             ,
             they
             desire
             a
             change
             of
             the
             publick
             Quiet
             .
             In
             Tumults
             and
             Uproars
             they
             take
             least
             care
             for
             their
             livings
             ,
             however
             the
             world
             goes
             they
             can
             be
             no
             losers
             :
             for
             like
             
             Silla's
             Army
             ,
             making
             no
             difference
             between
             sacred
             and
             profane
             Robberies
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             victors
             Sword
             seldom
             teacheth
             either
             mean
             or
             modesty
             )
             they
             will
             be
             ready
             upon
             every
             advantage
             to
             pillage
             their
             Countrey-men
             at
             home
             .
             For
             who
             can
             expect
             men
             dissolutely
             disciplined
             can
             ever
             use
             their
             armes
             with
             moderation
             ?
          
           
             Against
             the
             fury
             of
             such
             seditious
             Outrages
             many
             Parliaments
             ,
             as
             a
             in
             the
             twenty
             second
             of
             Hen.
             the
             sixth
             have
             been
             sollicited
             for
             redress
             .
             And
             that
             example
             in
             b
             Champaign
             after
             the
             Peace
             at
             Callis
             1360.
             where
             this
             licentious
             Rout
             at
             the
             close
             of
             those
             wars
             slew
             the
             Duke
             of
             Bourbon
             ,
             and
             besieged
             the
             Pope
             at
             Avignon
             ,
             may
             suffice
             to
             express
             this
             mischief
             .
          
           
             It
             hath
             no
             less
             weakened
             the
             bond
             of
             mutual
             Trade
             :
             since
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             whom
             the
             necessity
             
             of
             late
             times
             left
             to
             recover
             by
             force
             the
             losses
             they
             pretended
             ,
             do
             now
             teach
             ,
             as
             a
             Maxime
             of
             their
             Mysterie
             and
             our
             State
             ,
             That
             the
             directest
             way
             either
             to
             wealth
             or
             security
             is
             by
             Rapine
             and
             Spoil
             :
             and
             to
             cloak
             their
             own
             ends
             pretend
             the
             common
             good
             ;
             as
             if
             the
             State
             stood
             by
             their
             affections
             ,
             when
             in
             truth
             they
             themselves
             cannot
             fish
             but
             in
             
               aqua
               turbida
            
             in
             troubled
             waters
             :
             and
             therefore
             would
             have
             
               Incendium
               Patriae
            
             a
             bonefire
             of
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             but
             to
             keep
             warm
             and
             awake
             their
             own
             humours
             .
          
           
             THe
             last
             motive
             from
             Necessity
             is
             ,
             the
             ease
             War
             bringeth
             to
             a
             surcharged
             State.
             Intending
             
             it
             seemeth
             War
             but
             as
             the
             Sink
             ,
             and
             Souldiers
             but
             as
             the
             Corruptions
             of
             Common-weals
             ;
             whereas
             besides
             the
             inevitable
             use
             of
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             the
             noble
             condition
             of
             the
             other
             ,
             (
             an
             Errour
             in
             the
             argument
             )
             Nature
             doth
             never
             oppress
             further
             by
             increase
             ,
             than
             she
             again
             dischargeth
             .
             The
             breast
             of
             the
             Mother
             she
             enableth
             to
             nourish
             up
             as
             many
             as
             the
             Womb
             shall
             
               uno
               partu
            
             at
             one
             birth
             ever
             bring
             forth
             ;
             proportioning
             to
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Children
             the
             condition
             of
             their
             Strength
             and
             Appetites
             .
             It
             is
             then
             accession
             of
             our
             own
             that
             may
             furcharge
             ;
             for
             Parents
             by
             such
             indulgent
             admission
             may
             soon
             famish
             whom
             in
             Motherly
             affection
             they
             intend
             to
             cherish
             .
          
           
             But
             admitting
             the
             former
             ground
             ,
             whether
             by
             this
             way
             of
             waste
             we
             be
             ever
             able
             and
             at
             pleasure
             to
             gage
             the
             Issue
             (
             when
             such
             elective
             power
             is
             left
             to
             him
             only
             
               qui
               suis
               stat
               viribus
               ,
               non
               alieno
               pendet
               arbitrio
               ,
            
             who
             stands
             by
             his
             own
             strength
             ,
             and
             not
             at
             the
             pleasure
             of
             another
             )
             is
             considerable
             ;
             since
             to
             begin
             
               cuivis
               licet
               ,
               deponere
               cum
               victores
               
               ●●lunt
               ,
            
             is
             easie
             for
             any
             man
             ,
             but
             the
             laying
             down
             ●ill
             be
             at
             the
             Conquerours
             pleasure
             .
             For
             the
             wast●…g
             of
             our
             people
             in
             ambitious
             Enterprizes
             (
             as
             that
             ●…r
             an
             Empire
             by
             Constantine
             in
             France
             )
             left
             this
             〈◊〉
             and
             as
             a
             prey
             to
             the
             barbarous
             Frontiers
             ,
             a
             
               ●…mni
               milite
               &
               floridae
               juventut
               is
               alacritate
               spolia●…
               ,
            
             being
             left
             naked
             of
             Souldiery
             ,
             and
             robbed
             of
             ●…e
             choicest
             flower
             of
             youth
             .
             And
             when
             we
             were
             ●…ed
             to
             make
             good
             our
             undertaking
             in
             France
             ,
             the
             waste
             of
             our
             people
             was
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             to
             supply
             extremity
             we
             took
             
               purgamenta
               urbium
            
             ,
             the
             dregs
             ●f
             Towns
             ,
             (
             as
             Curtius
             saith
             of
             
               Alexander
               ;
            
             )
             b
             ●eed
             hiring
             the
             Bankrupts
             by
             protection
             ,
             as
             in
             ●…e
             twenty
             second
             of
             Edward
             the
             first
             ;
             and
             en●…orcing
             ,
             against
             the
             rule
             of
             justice
             ,
             the
             Judges
             to
             ●…ut
             
               Placita
               corum
               in
               respectu
               qui
               in
               obsequium
               Re●…is
               profecturi
               sunt
               ,
            
             Pleas
             in
             the
             behalf
             of
             such
             as
             ●…ere
             to
             go
             in
             the
             Kings
             service
             .
             And
             as
             
             Tacitus
             ●…f
             a
             declined
             Majesty
             saith
             ,
             
               emunt
               militem
               ,
               non
               ●…egunt
            
             ,
             they
             buy
             their
             Souldiers
             rather
             than
             make
             ●…hoice
             of
             them
             ;
             we
             made
             purchase
             of
             general
             Pardons
             of
             all
             that
             were
             
               Utlegati
               ,
               Banniti
               ,
               aut
               de
               Feloniis
               indictati
               ,
               si
               cum
               Rege
               transitare
               voluerint
               ,
            
             out-lawed
             ,
             excommunicated
             ,
             or
             indicted
             of
             Fe●…ony
             ,
             in
             case
             they
             would
             go
             over
             with
             the
             King.
             As
             in
             the
             same
             year
             of
             the
             former
             King
             and
             in
             the
             year
             after
             were
             dischaged
             out
             of
             all
             Prisons
             in
             the
             Realm
             to
             the
             number
             of
             ninety
             seven
             notorious
             Ma●…efactors
             .
             
               (
               b
            
             )
             And
             in
             the
             eighteenth
             of
             Edward
             the
             
             second
             ,
             and
             eighth
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             and
             ●weleth
             of
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             we
             did
             the
             like
             .
             An
             army
             better
             apted
             by
             Necessity
             than
             Election
             to
             ●ive
             upon
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             
               Quibus
               ob
               Egestatem
               &
               Flagitia
               maxima
               peccandi
               necessitudo
               est
               ,
            
             whose
             ●ndigency
             and
             former
             ill
             way
             of
             life
             must
             needs
             
             make
             them
             ready
             for
             any
             mischief
             .
             In
             the
             end
             〈◊〉
             this
             King
             last
             remembred
             ,
             and
             entrance
             of
             〈◊〉
             Heir
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             the
             State
             began
             to
             be
             se●…
             sible
             of
             consuming
             Issue
             ;
             which
             not
             lying
             in
             th●…
             Kings
             power
             (
             now
             as
             the
             strength
             of
             France
             ,
             set
             o●…
             Revenge
             ,
             stood
             )
             to
             stay
             at
             pleasure
             ,
             (
             for
             —
             
               arm●…
               tenenti
               Omnia
               dat
               qui
               justa
               neg
               at
            
             —
             Deny
             th●…
             Souldiers
             due
             ,
             You
             give
             him
             all
             you
             have
             )
             it
             w●…
             urged
             to
             him
             in
             Parliament
             in
             the
             a
             seventh
             of
             h●…
             reign
             ,
             as
             an
             errour
             in
             his
             Government
             :
             whereto
             〈◊〉
             answered
             ,
             that
             they
             ought
             not
             to
             lay
             the
             cause
             up●…
             on
             him
             ,
             for
             that
             together
             with
             the
             Crown
             th●…
             Wars
             descended
             unto
             him
             .
             And
             the
             Chancellour
             〈◊〉
             the
             fourth
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             ,
             declared
             publickl●…
             in
             the
             Higher
             House
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             mischance
             of
             W●…
             and
             want
             of
             reasonable
             Peace
             ,
             (
             for
             I
             use
             the
             word●…
             of
             the
             Roll
             )
             occasioned
             by
             dissensions
             and
             priva●…
             desire
             ,
             the
             flower
             of
             Chivalry
             and
             Rock
             of
             Noble●…
             within
             the
             Realm
             was
             in
             a
             manner
             consumed
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Nobilit
                 as
                 cum
                 Plebe
                 perit
                 ,
                 lateque
                 vagatur
              
               
            
             
               
                 Ensis
                 ,
                 &
                 à
                 multo
                 revocatum
                 est
                 pectore
                 ferrum
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               Peer
               and
               Peasant
               falls
               ,
               and
               hating
               rest
            
             
               Bloody
               the
               Sword
               returns
               from
               many
               a
               breast
               .
            
          
           
             And
             the
             whole
             State
             by
             war
             had
             been
             thus
             subverted
             
             had
             not
             God
             as
             a
             mean
             raised
             that
             King.
             
          
           
             But
             since
             the
             end
             of
             mans
             creation
             is
             not
             for
             th●…
             Slaughter
             ,
             nor
             education
             of
             Armes
             to
             make
             me●…
             Cast-aways
             ;
             the
             course
             most
             answerable
             either
             to
             Charity
             ,
             or
             Example
             ,
             (
             for
             Rome
             did
             by
             Coloni●…
             inlarge
             and
             confirm
             her
             Empire
             )
             is
             to
             transpla●…
             that
             we
             may
             best
             spare
             .
             In
             Ireland
             we
             may
             increase
             the
             King
             many
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             
               Indi●…
               
               God
            
             many
             servants
             :
             a
             world
             from
             our
             Forefathers
             ●…ockt
             up
             by
             divine
             Providence
             ,
             as
             only
             best
             to
             glorifie
             and
             purifie
             these
             Times
             .
             And
             as
             in
             war
             
               conquirendus
               potius
               miles
               quam
               dimittendus
            
             ,
             Souldiers
             are
             rather
             to
             be
             listed
             than
             disbanded
             ;
             so
             
               post
               ●ellum
               vires
               refovendae
               magis
               quam
               spargendae
               ,
            
             after
             war
             forces
             are
             rather
             to
             be
             cherished
             than
             wasted
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             much
             in
             answer
             of
             Necessity
             .
          
        
         
           
             Answer
             to
             the
             Arguments
             of
             Profit
             .
          
           
             THe
             profits
             gained
             by
             Forraign
             Expeditions
             
             cannot
             be
             any
             wayes
             so
             truly
             esteemed
             ,
             as
             by
             setting
             down
             the
             expence
             of
             Money
             ,
             Men
             ,
             and
             Munition
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             have
             made
             purchase
             of
             them
             .
             I
             will
             therefore
             deliver
             as
             they
             fall
             in
             sequence
             all
             the
             Impositions
             ,
             Taxes
             and
             Lones
             ,
             whether
             by
             general
             Grant
             ,
             or
             Prerogative
             power
             le●ied
             of
             the
             People
             ;
             summing
             after
             up
             ,
             as
             I
             go
             along
             the
             times
             of
             our
             Princes
             ,
             the
             number
             of
             Men
             ,
             Ships
             ,
             and
             vast
             provisions
             of
             Victuals
             raised
             to
             supply
             the
             necessity
             and
             expence
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             WIlliam
             the
             Conquerour
             in
             the
             entrance
             of
             
             his
             Government
             took
             of
             every
             Hide-land
             twelve
             pence
             a
             due
             of
             the
             Subjects
             to
             the
             Soveraign
             both
             before
             and
             since
             the
             Conquest
             ,
             to
             defray
             such
             charge
             as
             either
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Land
             from
             spoil
             ,
             or
             the
             Sea
             from
             Piracy
             ,
             should
             expose
             the
             Prince
             to
             .
             It
             is
             called
             
               Dane-geld
               ,
               Gelda
               Regis
            
             ,
             or
             Hidage
             ,
             and
             was
             sessed
             by
             the
             Hide
             or
             Plough-land
             ,
             like
             to
             that
             
               Jugatio
               per
               jugera
            
             taxation
             by
             the
             acre
             in
             Rome
             ,
             yet
             by
             no
             rate
             definite
             with
             this
             as
             with
             another
             Exaction
             ,
             taken
             ,
             as
             the
             Monk
             of
             S.
             Albans
             a
             saith
             ,
             
               sive
               per
               fas
               sive
               
               per
               nefas
               ,
            
             by
             fair
             means
             or
             by
             foul
             .
             He
             passe●
             over
             into
             Francs
             into
             the
             list
             of
             charge
             he
             ranke●
             the
             Bishops
             and
             Abbots
             ,
             sessing
             upon
             them
             and
             a●…
             their
             charge
             a
             proportion
             of
             Souldiers
             for
             his
             ser●…vice
             ,
             exiling
             many
             worthy
             men
             that
             opposed
             th●●
             thraldom
             .
          
           
             
               William
               Rufus
               anno
            
             7.
             set
             upon
             the
             heads
             of
             s●…
             
             many
             as
             he
             mustered
             up
             for
             the
             French
             wars
             te●
             shillings
             a
             man
             ,
             and
             so
             discharged
             them
             .
             In
             an
             .
             9.
             he
             to
             the
             same
             end
             spoiled
             the
             Churches
             of
             their
             Ornaments
             and
             
               Holy
               vessels
            
             ,
             and
             levied
             four
             Hidages
             of
             every
             Plough-land
             ,
             a
             
               Trib●…
               Angliam
               non
               modo
               abradens
               ,
               sed
               excorians
               ,
            
             n●●
             only
             shaving
             ,
             but
             even
             flaying
             England
             wi●…
             his
             impositions
             :
             so
             that
             wearied
             with
             war
             and
             expence
             ,
             
               ne
               respirare
               potuit
               Anglia
               sub
               ipso
               suffocata
               ,
               England
            
             was
             quite
             stifled
             by
             him
             ,
             an●
             could
             not
             so
             much
             as
             breath
             .
             —
             b
             
               Quid
               jam
               non
               Regibus
               ausum
               ?
               Aut
               quid
               jam
               Regno
               resta
               Scelus
               ?
            
             —
             What
             durst
             not
             Kings
             then
             do
             ?
             What
             mischief
             could
             the
             Nation
             suffer
             more
             ?
             in
             this
             Kings
             time
             .
          
           
             c
             
               Henry
               the
               first
            
             anno
             5.
             
               magnam
               à
               Regno
               exegit
               Pecuniam
            
             ,
             exacted
             a
             great
             ●umm
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             with
             which
             he
             passed
             into
             France
             :
             and
             by
             this
             means
             d
             
               gravabatur
               terra
               Angliae
               oppress●nibus
               multis
               ,
               England
            
             was
             born
             down
             with
             many
             oppressions
             .
             e
             He
             took
             in
             the
             tenth
             year
             si●
             shillings
             Danegeld
             .
             f
             And
             in
             the
             seventeenth
             
               Quod
               inter
               eum
               &
               Regem
               Francorum
               magnum
               fuit
               dissidium
               ,
               Anglia
               fuit
               variis
               depressa
               Exactionibus
               ,
               &
               Bonis
               sine
               peccato
               spoliata
               ,
            
             by
             means
             of
             the
             great
             differenoe
             betwixt
             him
             and
             the
             King
             of
             
               France
               ,
               England
            
             was
             oppressed
             with
             divers
             exactions
             ,
             and
             men
             spoiled
             of
             their
             goods
             for
             no
             offence
             at
             all
             .
          
           
           
             Of
             King
             Stephen
             there
             need
             no
             more
             than
             the
             
             words
             of
             the
             Monk
             of
             Gisborn
             ,
             a
             
               Post
               annum
               sextum
               Pax
               nulla
               ,
               omnes
               partes
               terrebat
               violenta
               Pradatio
               ,
            
             after
             the
             sixth
             year
             of
             his
             reign
             there
             was
             no
             quiet
             ,
             but
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             Land
             became
             a
             prey
             and
             spoil
             to
             violent
             men
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             alluding
             not
             unlike
             to
             the
             
             ●eada
             given
             the
             Eremitae
             in
             the
             decline
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             as
             Salaries
             by
             which
             they
             stood
             bound
             to
             defend
             the
             Frontiers
             against
             the
             Incursions
             of
             the
             
               Barbarous
               Nations
            
             ,
             continued
             the
             Policy
             of
             his
             Progenitors
             ,
             who
             allotted
             the
             Land
             into
             such
             and
             so
             many
             equal
             portions
             ,
             as
             might
             seem
             competent
             for
             supportation
             of
             a
             Knight
             or
             man
             at
             Arms
             ;
             from
             whom
             (
             as
             occasion
             required
             )
             they
             received
             either
             service
             or
             contribution
             .
             This
             Tenure
             ,
             now
             esteemed
             a
             Thraldom
             ,
             began
             upon
             a
             voluntary
             and
             desired
             submission
             ;
             for
             who
             from
             his
             gift
             would
             not
             of
             the
             Prince
             accept
             Land
             upon
             the
             like
             conditions
             ,
             so
             it
             toucheth
             not
             the
             Soveraign
             as
             a
             wrong
             to
             the
             Subject
             ,
             but
             as
             in
             right
             his
             own
             ?
             And
             therefore
             respecting
             their
             first
             immediate
             dependency
             upon
             the
             Crown
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Kings
             Honour
             ,
             their
             duties
             and
             Escheats
             a
             great
             benefit
             ,
             and
             their
             attendance
             by
             Tenure
             in
             war
             at
             their
             own
             charge
             to
             the
             number
             of
             602
             16.
             at
             the
             least
             ,
             (
             for
             the
             Knights
             Fees
             in
             England
             are
             no
             less
             )
             a
             great
             ease
             ,
             strength
             and
             security
             to
             his
             State
             ;
             for
             they
             are
             
               totidem
               Hostagia
            
             ,
             so
             many
             Hostages
             ,
             as
             Bracton
             saith
             ;
             it
             were
             a
             thing
             perillous
             now
             to
             alter
             ,
             after
             such
             a
             current
             of
             time
             and
             custome
             .
             This
             King
             to
             understand
             the
             better
             his
             own
             strength
             ,
             
               publico
               praecepit
               edicto
               quod
               quilibet
               Praelatus
               &
               Baro
               ,
               quot
               Milites
               de
               eo
               tenerent
               in
               Capite
               publicis
               suis
               
               instrument
               is
               significarent
               ,
            
             he
             caused
             it
             to
             be
             proclaimed
             that
             every
             Prelate
             and
             Baron
             should
             notifie
             by
             publick
             deed
             how
             many
             Knightships
             they
             held
             of
             him
             
               in
               capite
            
             .
             By
             this
             rule
             of
             Scutage
             ,
             constant
             in
             the
             number
             ,
             he
             levied
             alwayes
             his
             Subsidies
             and
             relief
             ,
             though
             divers
             in
             the
             rate
             .
             Of
             the
             first
             ,
             which
             was
             near
             the
             beginning
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             record
             .
             The
             second
             Scutage
             ,
             a
             which
             was
             anno
             5.
             amounted
             to
             124
             
               millia
               librarum
               argenti
            
             ,
             thousand
             pounds
             of
             silver
             ;
             which
             reduced
             to
             the
             standard
             of
             our
             money
             five
             shillings
             the
             ounce
             ,
             whereas
             that
             was
             not
             five
             groats
             ,
             will
             amount
             to
             near
             400000
             
               l.
               An.
            
             7.
             
             b
             
               Scutagium
               fuit
               assessum
               ad
               duas
               Marcas
               pro
               Exercitu
               Tholosae
               ,
            
             a
             Scutage
             was
             assessed
             two
             Marks
             for
             the
             Army
             at
             Tholouse
             ;
             which
             if
             summed
             up
             by
             the
             received
             number
             of
             Knights
             Fees
             ,
             being
             60216
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             the
             Laiety
             only
             ,
             of
             our
             moneys
             cannot
             be
             less
             than
             250000
             l.
             The
             like
             in
             the
             next
             year
             .
             In
             an
             11.
             c
             there
             was
             an
             Aid
             
               pro
               servientibus
               inveniendis
               in
               exercitu
            
             ,
             to
             find
             men
             to
             serve
             in
             the
             wars
             ,
             of
             two
             pence
             
               de
               unaquaque
               libra
            
             in
             every
             pound
             .
             And
             4.
             
               sequentibus
               annis
               de
               singulis
               libris
               singulis
               denariis
               ,
            
             in
             the
             four
             following
             years
             a
             penny
             in
             the
             pound
             was
             taken
             of
             all
             men
             ,
             the
             estates
             of
             mens
             Fortunes
             being
             delivered
             upon
             their
             Oaths
             .
             In
             the
             fourteenth
             year
             a
             Scutage
             was
             assessed
             d
             
               ad
               Marcam
               unam
               de
               singulis
               Feodis
               ,
            
             one
             Mark
             on
             every
             Fee.
             And
             anno
             18.
             
             e
             
               Scutagium
               pro
               quolibet
               Feodo
            
             ,
             a
             Scutage
             for
             every
             Fee.
             A
             Tenth
             of
             all
             moveables
             was
             granted
             in
             the
             thirty
             fifth
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             .
             In
             which
             year
             dying
             ,
             f
             900
             
               millia
               librarum
               in
               auro
               &
               argento
               ,
               praeter
               utensilia
               &
               jocalia
               ,
               reliquit
               ,
            
             he
             left
             in
             money
             900000
             pounds
             ,
             besides
             Plate
             and
             Jewels
             .
          
           
           
             a
             Richard
             the
             first
             in
             the
             beginning
             besides
             
               cutagium
               Walliae
               assessum
            
             ,
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             upon
             ●ales
             at
             ten
             shillings
             ,
             levied
             as
             in
             the
             succour
             of
             the
             ●oly
             Land
             a
             Subsidy
             out
             of
             all
             the
             Moveables
             in
             ●e
             Realm
             to
             his
             own
             use
             ;
             b
             
               Et
               eleemosynae
               ti●lo
               vitium
               Rapacitatis
               inclusit
               ,
            
             cloaking
             his
             raveous
             extortion
             under
             the
             fair
             name
             of
             a
             pious
             almes
             .
             〈…〉
             contribution
             there
             was
             in
             the
             sixth
             year
             of
             150
             c
             
               millia
               marcarum
               argenti
               ad
               pondus
               Columni●sium
               ,
            
             150000
             marks
             of
             silver
             to
             pay
             his
             ran●…ome
             :
             as
             also
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             twenty
             shillings
             .
             ●n
             the
             d
             seventh
             he
             imposed
             for
             his
             wants
             a
             con●…ibution
             called
             Tenementale
             .
             Extremity
             (
             for
             by
             ●is
             waste
             and
             imprisonment
             he
             had
             almost
             ex●austed
             the
             wealth
             of
             the
             State
             )
             invented
             
               nova
               &
               varia
               praedandi
               vocabula
            
             ,
             new
             and
             sundry
             ●ords
             to
             express
             his
             exactions
             ,
             as
             Tacitus
             e
             ●…aith
             ,
             of
             
               Centesima
               &
               Quinquagesima
            
             ,
             an
             hun●…redth
             part
             and
             a
             fiftieth
             part
             ,
             (
             names
             that
             since
             ●ave
             found
             reception
             and
             use
             with
             us
             .
             )
             This
             ●as
             two
             shillings
             of
             every
             Plough-land
             from
             ●…he
             Husbandman
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             Gentry
             and
             No●ility
             the
             third
             part
             of
             their
             Military
             service
             .
             He
             inforced
             the
             
               Cistertian
               Monks
            
             f
             to
             re●eem
             the
             same
             year
             their
             woolls
             
               sine
               Pecunia●ia
            
             ,
             at
             a
             Fine
             .
             For
             his
             Army
             into
             Normandy
             g
             he
             took
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             twenty
             shil●ings
             .
             h
             And
             four
             years
             after
             of
             every
             Plow●…and
             five
             shillings
             ,
             and
             of
             every
             Burrough
             and
             i
             City
             
               duos
               palfridos
               &
               totidem
               summari●…s
            
             ,
             two
             horses
             and
             as
             many
             summaries
             :
             and
             of
             every
             Abbot
             half
             as
             much
             .
             Then
             losing
             of
             purpose
             his
             great
             Seal
             ,
             proclaimed
             that
             k
             
               Omnes
               Chartae
               &
               Confirmationes
               novi
               Sigilli
               impressione
               roborarentur
               ,
            
             all
             Charters
             
             and
             Assurances
             should
             be
             confirmed
             by
             the
             n●…
             Seal
             .
             Whereby
             anew
             he
             drew
             from
             all
             men
             composition
             for
             their
             Liberties
             .
             This
             fashion
             w●…
             afterwards
             taken
             up
             by
             some
             of
             his
             Successours
             as
             a
             of
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             when
             all
             again
             w●…
             enjoyned
             
               qui
               suis
               volebant
               libertatibus
               gauder●…
            
             as
             many
             as
             would
             enjoy
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             
               ut
               inn●…
               varent
               Chartas
               suas
               de
               novo
               Regis
               Sigillo
               ,
            
             to
             r●…
             new
             their
             Charters
             from
             the
             Kings
             new
             Seal
             Some
             reason
             b
             Richard
             had
             in
             the
             end
             to
             become
             a
             gatherer
             ,
             that
             had
             not
             long
             before
             by
             accompt
             of
             
               Chancellour
               Hubert
            
             then
             Archbishop
             ,
             spent
             
               infrae
               biennium
               undecies
               centena
               mill●…
               Marcarum
               argenti
               de
               Regno
               Angliae
               ,
            
             within
             le●…
             than
             two
             years
             ,
             eleven
             hundred
             thousand
             Marks
             〈◊〉
             silver
             current
             English
             money
             .
          
           
             His
             brother
             John
             succeeding
             c
             took
             in
             the
             
             first
             of
             his
             Reign
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             two
             Marks
             d
             For
             the
             two
             next
             years
             three
             shillings
             of
             every
             Plow
             :
             e
             and
             the
             year
             following
             ,
             besides
             a
             Scutage
             as
             before
             ,
             the
             fortieth
             part
             of
             the
             Revenues
             〈◊〉
             the
             Clergy
             and
             Laiety
             .
             f
             In
             the
             fourth
             year
             〈◊〉
             took
             the
             like
             Scutage
             ,
             and
             the
             g
             seventh
             part
             〈◊〉
             the
             moveable
             goods
             of
             the
             Baronage
             and
             Clergy
             A
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             two
             Marks
             h
             in
             an
             .
             5.
             
             i
             The
             like
             in
             the
             sixth
             and
             seventh
             years
             twenty
             shillings
             Scutage
             ;
             and
             the
             thirteenth
             part
             of
             Moveables
             as
             well
             of
             the
             Church
             as
             Laiety
             in
             the
             year
             following
             .
             In
             k
             an
             .
             9.
             he
             exacted
             by
             redemption
             of
             the
             Concubines
             of
             the
             Clergy
             a
             great
             summ
             .
             In
             the
             eleventh
             l
             
               extorsit
               tributum
               grave
               ,
               scil
               .
               140
               millia
               librarum
               à
               viris
               Ecclesiasticis
               ,
            
             he
             extorted
             a
             great
             tribute
             ,
             viz.
             140000
             pounds
             of
             the
             Church-men
             .
             And
             to
             furnish
             his
             Army
             ,
             m
             
               Clericorum
               Horrea
               invadit
            
             ,
             he
             came
             
             upon
             the
             Barns
             of
             the
             Clergy
             .
             In
             a
             the
             twelfth
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             two
             marks
             ,
             besides
             an
             exaction
             b
             of
             22000
             l.
             from
             the
             Cistertian
             Monks
             .
             He
             took
             c
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             year
             a
             Scutage
             assessed
             at
             20
             
               s.
               pro
               exercitu
               Scotiae
            
             ,
             and
             another
             at
             two
             marks
             
               proexecitu
               Wallia
            
             ,
             &c.
             for
             his
             Welch
             Army
             ;
             exacting
             d
             from
             the
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Church
             in
             the
             year
             following
             400000
             marks
             .
             e
             And
             in
             the
             sixteenth
             year
             
               Scutagium
               assessum
               fuit
               pro
               exercitu
               Pictavia
               ad
               3
               Marcas
               ,
            
             a
             Scutage
             was
             assessed
             at
             three
             marks
             for
             the
             Army
             in
             Poictou
             .
             Thus
             in
             the
             space
             of
             seventeen
             years
             the
             State
             was
             delivered
             but
             thrice
             from
             Impositions
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             time
             of
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             f
             upon
             the
             
             Clergy
             ,
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             there
             was
             assessed
             fifteen
             Scutages
             ;
             one
             at
             ten
             shillings
             ,
             two
             at
             twenty
             ,
             eight
             at
             two
             Marks
             ,
             and
             four
             at
             forty
             shillings
             the
             Knights
             Fee.
             g
             The
             land
             of
             the
             inferiour
             sort
             twice
             taxed
             ;
             first
             at
             two
             shillings
             ,
             after
             at
             half
             a
             Mark
             the
             Plow
             .
             h
             And
             two
             Tallages
             upon
             the
             land
             of
             the
             Crown
             .
             i
             From
             out
             of
             the
             Lay
             Subjects
             moveable
             goods
             hath
             been
             taken
             five
             times
             :
             as
             the
             fortieth
             ,
             the
             thirtieth
             ,
             the
             twentieth
             and
             fifteenth
             parts
             ,
             k
             and
             once
             the
             sixteenth
             of
             the
             Clergy
             for
             this
             King.
             l
             A
             Tenth
             he
             nine
             times
             imposed
             upon
             the
             Church
             :
             six
             times
             for
             a
             year
             only
             ,
             and
             by
             it self
             ;
             once
             accompanied
             with
             the
             First-Fruits
             :
             once
             for
             three
             years
             ;
             and
             once
             for
             five
             .
             m
             Besides
             two
             Aides
             ,
             the
             one
             moderate
             ,
             the
             other
             called
             n
             
               gravis
               exactio
            
             ,
             a
             heavy
             exaction
             ,
             and
             worthily
             ,
             if
             to
             the
             eight
             hundred
             Marks
             imposed
             upon
             o
             S.
             
               Edmunds
               
               Bury
            
             all
             the
             other
             Abbyes
             were
             rated
             accordingly
             .
             a
             And
             by
             the
             accompt
             of
             
               Willihelmus
               de
               Middleton
            
             b
             he
             received
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             Government
             
               de
               exitu
               Judaismi
               402000
               〈◊〉
            
             And
             as
             in
             all
             the
             fifty
             six
             years
             of
             his
             reign
             (
             excepting
             five
             )
             either
             the
             Church
             or
             Common-wealth
             were
             charged
             with
             contribution-money
             to
             relieve
             the
             expence
             of
             war
             ;
             so
             were
             they
             grieved
             with
             other
             Exactures
             ,
             either
             for
             Carriages
             ,
             or
             Victuals
             ,
             or
             personal
             attendance
             .
             In
             the
             sixteenth
             year
             the
             inhabitants
             of
             Winchelsey
             were
             enjoyned
             .
             c
             
               ut
               providerent
               decem
               bonas
               naves
               &
               magnas
               ad
               transfretandum
               in
               Pictaviam
               in
               servitium
               Regis
               ,
            
             to
             provide
             ten
             good
             and
             sto●…
             ships
             for
             the
             Kings
             service
             in
             Poictou
             .
             d
             And
             at
             another
             time
             twenty
             ,
             Dunwich
             and
             Ipswich
             five
             a
             piece
             ,
             and
             the
             Ports
             proportionable
             ,
             all
             at
             their
             own
             charge
             .
             In
             the
             same
             year
             e
             and
             for
             the
             same
             service
             there
             was
             transported
             ten
             thousand
             quarte●
             of
             wheat
             ,
             five
             thousand
             of
             Oates
             ,
             and
             many
             Bacons
             .
             The
             Church
             not
             forborn
             in
             those
             charges
             〈◊〉
             For
             from
             Winchester
             f
             two
             thousand
             quarter
             of
             Wheat
             and
             Oates
             ,
             and
             one
             thousand
             of
             Beam
             was
             taken
             .
             g
             The
             other
             Bishops
             and
             Clergy
             bearing
             their
             parts
             of
             victuals
             in
             the
             like
             Exactions
             ,
             coming
             —
             
               ut
               unda
               supervenit
               undae
               acsi
               esset
               Anglia
               puteus
               inexhaustus
               ,
            
             as
             wa●…
             follows
             wave
             ,
             as
             if
             England
             were
             a
             pit
             nev●…
             to
             be
             drawn
             dry
             .
             h
             In
             the
             twelfth
             and
             fourteenth
             the
             King
             levieth
             Souldiers
             for
             his
             wa●…
             beyond
             Sea
             ,
             collecting
             
               pro
               Exercitu
               suo
               de
               s●…
               gulis
               duabus
               Hidis
               ,
            
             upon
             every
             two
             Hides
             
               unu●…
               hominem
               bonum
               secure
            
             ,
             and
             to
             bring
             
               secum
               v●…
               ctualia
            
             victuals
             with
             them
             :
             and
             those
             fo●…
             whose
             service
             the
             King
             dispenced
             ,
             
               &
               quos
               R●…
               
               vult
               remanere
               in
               partibus
               suis
               ,
            
             and
             such
             as
             he
             pleased
             should
             continue
             at
             home
             ,
             to
             contribute
             victuals
             to
             those
             that
             went
             for
             forty
             dayes
             :
             commanding
             the
             Sheriffs
             a
             to
             swear
             all
             
               ad
               Arma
               qui
               post
               cum
               remanebant
               in
               Anglia
               ,
               in
               forma
               qua
               jurati
               fuerant
               tempore
               Joannis
               Patris
               sui
               ,
            
             to
             Armes
             ,
             who
             stayed
             behind
             him
             in
             England
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             they
             were
             sworn
             in
             the
             time
             of
             King
             John
             his
             father
             ;
             by
             which
             Ordinance
             of
             King
             John
             all
             able
             Subjects
             from
             Youth
             to
             decrepit
             Age
             were
             bound
             to
             arm
             themselves
             ,
             and
             be
             in
             continual
             readiness
             ,
             b
             
               à
               ●●ro
               usque
               ad
               mane
            
             from
             night
             to
             morning
             ,
             (
             for
             ●o
             the
             Record
             is
             )
             to
             attend
             the
             Kings
             pleasure
             .
             And
             therefore
             Henry
             the
             third
             in
             anno
             14.
             c
             
               mandavit
               Vicecomitibus
               quod
               venire
               faciant
               ●d
               exercitum
               Regis
               homines
               juratos
               ad
               fer●um
               ,
            
             commanded
             the
             Sheriffs
             to
             send
             all
             those
             ●o
             his
             Army
             who
             had
             been
             so
             sworn
             ,
             bringing
             with
             them
             
               Loricas
               ,
               Habergiones
               ,
               &c.
            
             
             Coats
             of
             Maile
             ,
             Habergeons
             ,
             &c.
             and
             to
             such
             as
             neglected
             this
             service
             he
             sent
             his
             Writs
             ,
             reprehending
             ●hem
             at
             first
             ,
             d
             
               jurgatoriè
               eò
               quòd
               ,
               &c.
            
             tartly
             ●or
             that
             ,
             &c.
             and
             after
             fining
             them
             according
             〈◊〉
             their
             abilities
             and
             Tenures
             .
             Taking
             e
             an
             .
             26.
             ●f
             
               Willihelm
               .
               de
               Umfrevile
               pro
               quietatione
               pas●agii
               ,
            
             for
             the
             securing
             of
             his
             passage
             into
             Gas●oign
             100
             Marks
             ;
             and
             so
             in
             proportion
             of
             many
             thers
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             first
             exacted
             from
             the
             land
             of
             his
             
             ●ubjects
             four
             times
             Scutage
             ,
             assessed
             every
             time
             〈◊〉
             forty
             shillings
             the
             Knights
             Fee.
             And
             once
             an
             Aide
             called
             
               Auxilium
               novum
            
             ,
             a
             new
             Aide
             ,
             which
             he
             farmed
             out
             for
             ready
             money
             .
             Of
             the
             Rents
             of
             the
             Clergy
             he
             took
             a
             Tenth
             part
             twice
             
             for
             one
             year
             ,
             and
             once
             for
             six
             :
             and
             the
             twentieth
             part
             twice
             from
             both
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             once
             for
             two
             years
             from
             Canterbury
             only
             .
          
           
             The
             possessions
             of
             the
             
               Priors
               Aliens
            
             he
             seized
             once
             into
             his
             own
             hands
             ,
             putting
             the
             Monks
             to
             a
             bare
             Pension
             of
             eighteen
             pence
             a
             week
             .
             Of
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Clergy
             he
             took
             the
             thirtieth
             ,
             the
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             the
             fifth
             part
             once
             ,
             the
             Moiety
             three
             times
             ,
             and
             the
             Tenth
             seven
             times
             ;
             whereof
             the
             Grant
             was
             first
             for
             two
             years
             ,
             and
             then
             for
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             once
             for
             six
             years
             .
             a
             Of
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             the
             eighth
             ,
             and
             the
             ninth
             ,
             and
             the
             twelfth
             part
             he
             took
             once
             ,
             twice
             severally
             the
             tenth
             and
             eleventh
             ,
             the
             Sessors
             being
             sworn
             to
             levy
             and
             rate
             truly
             .
             Three
             times
             he
             had
             the
             fifteenth
             part
             ,
             and
             once
             the
             moiety
             of
             a
             fifteenth
             .
             From
             the
             Clergy
             and
             Laiety
             together
             the
             King
             had
             granted
             of
             their
             Moveables
             〈◊〉
             tenth
             ,
             a
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             a
             thirtieth
             part
             .
             Of
             the
             Cities
             and
             Boroughs
             ,
             besides
             a
             great
             Loan
             ,
             once
             the
             seventh
             and
             eighth
             ,
             and
             twice
             the
             sixth
             par●…
             From
             the
             Merchants
             a
             twentieth
             ,
             and
             a
             seven●…
             portion
             once
             of
             their
             Commodities
             ;
             imposin●…
             a
             new
             Custome
             of
             a
             Noble
             upon
             every
             Sa●…
             of
             Wool
             which
             he
             let
             out
             to
             Farm.
             And
             under
             pretence
             of
             some
             breach
             of
             Amity
             wi●…
             those
             parts
             whither
             his
             Merchants
             traded
             ,
             〈◊〉
             seized
             anno
             22.
             b
             all
             the
             Wools
             into
             his
             hand●…
             and
             made
             of
             them
             instant
             Sale
             to
             the
             best
             val●…
             leaving
             them
             upon
             security
             to
             a
             short
             price
             a●…
             a
             long
             day
             of
             payment
             .
             He
             took
             c
             the
             sa●…
             year
             ,
             to
             the
             distaste
             of
             the
             Pope
             and
             murm●…
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             all
             the
             money
             gathered
             in
             
               su●…
               dium
               Terrae
               Sanctae
            
             ,
             for
             the
             succour
             of
             the
             H●…
             Land
             ,
             to
             furnish
             his
             Journeys
             .
             Upon
             the
             p●…
             
             sons
             of
             his
             Subjects
             he
             imposed
             one
             Tallage
             ,
             a
             sessed
             either
             in
             communi
             in
             general
             ,
             or
             
               per
               capita
            
             by
             the
             Poll.
             And
             twice
             the
             like
             upon
             the
             Jews
             :
             whereof
             the
             one
             amounted
             to
             fifty
             thousand
             Marks
             .
             Neither
             were
             his
             people
             by
             continual
             payment
             (
             for
             there
             was
             but
             one
             year
             of
             intermission
             all
             his
             Reign
             )
             freed
             from
             attendance
             in
             their
             Persons
             .
             For
             in
             record
             there
             appeareth
             plentifully
             his
             writs
             to
             the
             Sheriffs
             :
             as
             b
             
               an
               .
               31.
               de
               peditibus
               eligendis
               de
               tota
               Anglia
               ,
            
             for
             the
             chusing
             of
             foot-Souldiers
             throughout
             all
             England
             ;
             and
             to
             be
             found
             and
             furnished
             by
             their
             several
             Countreys
             :
             calling
             c
             his
             
               Earles
               ,
               Barons
            
             and
             Knights
             to
             personal
             service
             according
             to
             their
             Tenures
             .
          
           
             His
             Son
             the
             second
             Edward
             assessed
             upon
             the
             
             lands
             of
             his
             Subjects
             twice
             Scutage
             ;
             once
             at
             two
             Marks
             ,
             and
             once
             at
             forty
             shillings
             the
             Knights
             Fee.
             From
             the
             Revenues
             of
             the
             Clergy
             rated
             by
             the
             book
             of
             Tenths
             ,
             he
             at
             distinct
             times
             took
             4
             
               d.
               5
               d.
            
             and
             12
             d.
             in
             the
             Mark
             ;
             and
             once
             the
             fifteenth
             part
             of
             the
             whole
             .
             From
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Clergy
             a
             Tenth
             for
             three
             years
             .
             And
             twice
             d
             a
             Loan
             from
             the
             Abbots
             and
             Bishops
             .
             From
             the
             Laiety
             (
             besides
             a
             Tallage
             of
             their
             Moveables
             )
             in
             Cities
             and
             Burroughs
             once
             a
             tenth
             ,
             twice
             a
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             twice
             a
             twentieth
             part
             of
             their
             goods
             .
             Besides
             a
             Loan
             from
             the
             Commons
             ,
             and
             ten
             shillings
             borrowed
             upon
             every
             Sack
             of
             Wool
             from
             Merchant
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             a
             Noble
             from
             others
             .
             e
             From
             the
             Clergy
             and
             Laiety
             together
             of
             their
             goods
             a
             tenth
             ,
             a
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             twice
             an
             eighteenth
             part
             ,
             besides
             a
             Loane
             .
             He
             augmented
             his
             fathers
             new
             Custome
             with
             an
             Imposition
             of
             a
             Noble
             
             more
             upon
             every
             Sack
             of
             Wool.
             And
             anno
             10.
             a
             
               quia
               exitus
               Regni
               sui
               &
               terrarum
               ,
            
             because
             the
             profits
             of
             his
             Realm
             and
             dominions
             elsewhere
             ,
             together
             with
             all
             the
             money
             granted
             by
             the
             Church
             and
             Laiety
             ,
             
               ad
               sumptus
               Belli
               sufficere
               noluit
            
             ,
             was
             not
             enough
             to
             defray
             the
             charges
             of
             his
             wars
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             must
             
               infinitam
               pecuniam
               effundere
            
             ,
             spend
             a
             vast
             deal
             of
             money
             ;
             he
             sesseth
             and
             increaseth
             an
             Imposition
             upon
             all
             Commodities
             inward
             and
             outward
             to
             an
             extream
             Rate
             ;
             and
             caused
             the
             Commons
             in
             every
             Shire
             to
             lay
             down
             money
             
               in
               deposito
            
             to
             pay
             his
             Souldiers
             ;
             and
             took
             from
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             a
             large
             contribution
             towards
             his
             wars
             ;
             and
             seized
             b
             
               omnes
               Lanas
               &
               Coria
               Mercatorum
               ,
               data
               securitate
               Possessoribus
               de
               rationabili
               pretio
               postea
               solvendo
               ,
            
             All
             the
             Wools
             and
             Hides
             of
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             giving
             security
             to
             the
             Owners
             that
             a
             reasonable
             price
             should
             be
             paid
             for
             them
             afterwards
             .
             He
             charged
             the
             Ports
             and
             Sea-Towns
             twelve
             several
             years
             
               ad
               costos
               suos
               &
               sumptibus
               villarum
               ,
            
             at
             their
             own
             costs
             ,
             and
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             Villages
             about
             them
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             Record
             saith
             )
             to
             set
             to
             Sea
             in
             his
             service
             Ships
             furnished
             
               Armis
               &
               victualibus
            
             ,
             with
             Armes
             and
             Victuals
             ;
             sometimes
             for
             one
             moneth
             ,
             as
             anno
             11.
             c
             sometimes
             for
             four
             as
             d
             anno
             12.
             and
             sometimes
             for
             seven
             as
             e
             anno
             4.
             the
             number
             of
             Ships
             more
             or
             less
             as
             occasion
             required
             .
             In
             anno
             17.
             
             f
             Southampton
             was
             charged
             with
             six
             ,
             and
             an
             hundred
             and
             eighteen
             Sea-Towns
             more
             with
             rateable
             proportions
             for
             the
             Kings
             service
             .
             Sometimes
             ,
             as
             anno
             18.
             g
             embarguing
             all
             the
             Ships
             in
             any
             Port
             that
             were
             of
             forty
             Tuns
             or
             upwards
             ,
             
             as
             an
             .
             20.
             or
             of
             fifty
             Tuns
             and
             upward
             ,
             as
             ●…n
             .
             23.
             a
             
               contra
               hostiles
               aggressus
               Gallorum
            
             ,
             against
             ●he
             hostile
             attempts
             of
             the
             French.
             Causing
             ●he
             Town
             of
             
               Southampton
               anno
            
             6.
             b
             to
             build
             〈◊〉
             Galley
             for
             themselves
             of
             an
             hundred
             and
             twenty
             Oares
             .
             Commanding
             all
             the
             Sheriffs
             for
             pro●ision
             of
             Victual
             ,
             as
             c
             anno
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3
             ,
             4
             ,
             9.
             to
             provide
             
               de
               Exitibus
               Comitatuum
               certum
               proti●m
            
             ,
             at
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             County
             a
             certain
             Rate
             ,
             ●…o
             the
             proportion
             sometimes
             of
             thirty
             thousand
             five
             hundred
             Quarters
             of
             Corn
             and
             many
             Ba●ons
             ,
             as
             anno
             16.
             d
             and
             to
             send
             them
             to
             the
             Kings
             Army
             .
             As
             also
             e
             
               Carrecta
               &
               Carracum
               Equis
               &
               Bobus
               ,
            
             Carts
             and
             Waggons
             with
             Oxen
             ●nd
             Horses
             out
             of
             the
             Counties
             severally
             for
             the
             ●se
             of
             war.
             Sometimes
             he
             made
             the
             Ports
             to
             ●end
             provision
             themselves
             ,
             as
             anno
             7.
             f
             and
             ●ot
             to
             suffer
             any
             Ships
             with
             victuals
             g
             
               ibidem
               discariari
            
             ,
             to
             be
             there
             unladed
             ,
             but
             to
             order
             them
             by
             security
             for
             those
             parts
             where
             the
             Kings
             Army
             was
             lodged
             .
          
           
             And
             not
             sparing
             the
             Church
             ,
             exacted
             h
             his
             three
             first
             years
             
               Frumenta
               &
               alia
               victualia
               pro
               exercitu
               suo
               ,
            
             Corn
             and
             other
             Victuals
             for
             his
             Army
             from
             them
             .
          
           
             Besides
             the
             former
             Charges
             ,
             the
             Persons
             of
             Men
             ,
             as
             well
             of
             the
             Nobility
             as
             meaner
             rank
             ,
             were
             at
             their
             own
             Charge
             often
             enjoyned
             to
             serve
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             wars
             .
             i
             As
             in
             an
             .
             6
             ,
             7
             ,
             8
             ,
             9
             ,
             10
             ,
             and
             16.
             k
             of
             this
             King
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             called
             singulatim
             man
             by
             man
             ,
             as
             well
             Widows
             as
             Knights
             l
             and
             Noblemen
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             held
             forty
             pound
             land
             according
             to
             their
             Tenures
             ,
             m
             
               sub
               forisfactura
               terrarum
               &
               Catallorum
               ,
               Equis
               &
               Armis
               ,
               sumptibus
               propriis
               ,
            
             
             to
             appear
             with
             Horse
             and
             Armes
             ,
             at
             their
             own
             charge
             ,
             under
             penalty
             of
             forfeiting
             their
             Lands
             and
             Chattels
             ;
             and
             to
             provide
             
               de
               hominibus
               a●…
               Arma
               ultra
               famulos
               suos
               consuetos
               ,
            
             men
             for
             the
             service
             besides
             their
             ordinary
             Servants
             :
             according
             to
             Augustus
             a
             rule
             ,
             
               Viri
               Foeminaeque
               ex
               Censu
               coactae
               dare
               Militem
               ,
            
             both
             men
             and
             women
             were
             forced
             to
             find
             their
             Souldiers
             .
             And
             of
             this
             the
             Clergy
             was
             not
             exempted
             b
             anno
             16.
             of
             this
             King.
             And
             out
             of
             every
             Town
             one
             
               sumptibus
               propriis
            
             ,
             at
             their
             own
             charges
             ,
             for
             forty
             dayes
             ,
             as
             anno
             15.
             or
             for
             60.
             as
             anno
             9.
             or
             
               pr●…
               7.
               
               Septimanis
            
             for
             seven
             weeks
             ,
             as
             anno
             4.
             
             c
             Sometimes
             a
             thousand
             in
             one
             Gounty
             ,
             as
             anno
             3
             d
             Sometimes
             an
             entire
             Army
             of
             eighteen
             thousand
             three
             hundred
             ,
             an
             .
             11.
             and
             e
             forty
             eight
             
             thousand
             eight
             hundred
             at
             the
             charge
             of
             all
             the
             Counties
             anno
             15.
             
             f
             
               London
               sumptibus
               Civitatis
            
             at
             the
             Cities
             charge
             ,
             found
             500.
             men
             for
             forry
             days
             anno
             12.
             and
             the
             like
             
               anno
               18.
               contra
               insultus
               Regis
               Eranciae
               ,
            
             against
             the
             invasions
             of
             the
             King
             of
             France
             .
             h
             The
             King
             commanded
             anno
             16.
             that
             all
             of
             forty
             shillings
             land
             and
             upwards
             should
             rateably
             send
             to
             his
             service
             men
             ;
             i
             And
             an
             .
             9
             ,
             10
             ,
             15
             ,
             and
             16.
             that
             all
             
               jurati
               ad
               arma
            
             ,
             sworn
             to
             Armes
             ,
             or
             from
             sixteen
             to
             sixty
             ,
             
               secundum
               Statutum
               Wincestriae
            
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Statute
             of
             Winchester
             ,
             should
             attend
             their
             Services
             .
             k
             And
             anno
             13.
             injoyned
             all
             from
             twenty
             to
             sixty
             to
             be
             armed
             and
             victualled
             at
             their
             own
             charge
             .
             l
             And
             commanded
             the
             Sheriffs
             annis
             6
             ,
             7
             ,
             8
             ,
             12
             ,
             16
             and
             18.
             to
             see
             all
             the
             able
             men
             of
             England
             so
             furnished
             ,
             that
             
               Parati
               sint
               &
               muniti
               ad
               veniendum
               ad
               Regem
               quando
               vocati
               fuerint
               ,
            
             they
             should
             be
             provided
             and
             in
             a
             readiness
             to
             
             march
             to
             the
             King
             when
             he
             sh●…
             them
             ,
             their
             weapons
             to
             be
             provided
             
               ad
               〈◊〉
               ●ncolarum
            
             ,
             at
             the
             charge
             of
             their
             neig●…
             dwellers
             :
             and
             themselves
             enjoyned
             to
             must●…
             train
             every
             six
             weeks
             .
             If
             any
             neglected
             h●…ted
             service
             ,
             there
             was
             sent
             to
             the
             Sheriff
             ●…it
             
               de
               habenda
            
             
             
               ●llos
               coram
               Concilio
               ,
               qui
               praemo●…
               cum
               venerunt
               ●n
               expeditione
               Regis
               ,
            
             to
             bring
             them
             before
             the
             Council
             ,
             who
             knowing
             of
             it
             before
             ,
             refused
             the
             expedition
             ,
             as
             anno
             15.
             1.
             the
             parties
             imprisoned
             ,
             and
             their
             goods
             seized
             into
             the
             Kings
             hands
             ,
             as
             b
             
               anno
               9.
               
               &
            
             16.
             or
             else
             redemption
             by
             fine
             ,
             as
             the
             c
             Sheriffs
             of
             Buckingham
             and
             Bedford
             did
             their
             men
             for
             six
             hundred
             Marks
             anno
             15.
             
             The
             owner
             of
             forty
             shillings
             land
             to
             redeem
             his
             first
             default
             d
             
               cum
               tertia
               parte
               Bonorum
            
             ,
             with
             the
             third
             part
             of
             his
             Goods
             ;
             the
             second
             
               cum
               tota
               residua
            
             ,
             with
             the
             remaining
             parts
             ;
             at
             the
             third
             ,
             
               sint
               Corpora
               corum
               ad
               voluntatem
               Regis
               ,
            
             their
             Bodies
             to
             be
             at
             the
             Kings
             disposal
             ;
             and
             of
             Knights
             ,
             
               qui
               non
               fuerunt
               in
               exercit●
               Regis
               ,
               20
               l.
               de
               qualibet
               Hida
               ,
            
             which
             were
             not
             in
             the
             Kings
             Army
             ,
             20
             l.
             for
             every
             Hide
             ,
             as
             e
             anno
             13.
             
          
           
             I
             have
             the
             longer
             insisted
             upon
             this
             King
             ,
             that
             
               tanquam
               in
               speculo
            
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             glass
             we
             may
             behold
             the
             intolerable
             miseries
             of
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Commons
             inseparably
             accompanying
             the
             times
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             Edward
             the
             third
             charged
             f
             the
             lands
             of
             his
             
             Subjects
             twice
             forty
             shillings
             of
             every
             Knights
             Fee
             ;
             and
             five
             pound
             sixteen
             shillings
             of
             every
             Parish
             in
             the
             forty
             eighth
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             .
             Out
             of
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             he
             took
             once
             the
             ninth
             part
             ,
             and
             fifteenth
             of
             Forrest
             and
             Waste
             ;
             twice
             the
             tenth
             ,
             thirteen
             times
             a
             fifteenth
             for
             one
             year
             ,
             
             and
             twice
             for
             th●…ars
             :
             and
             once
             the
             twentieth
             part
             of
             all
             move●…
             and
             thirty
             thousand
             Sacks
             of
             Wooll
             upon
             co●…
             .
             Of
             the
             Burroughs
             and
             Cities
             ,
             four
             Tenths
             ,
             〈◊〉
             one
             for
             three
             years
             .
             From
             the
             Lords
             the
             ten●…eaf
             ,
             Lamb
             ,
             and
             Fleece
             :
             who
             with
             the
             Bishops
             ●…d
             Knights
             grant
             twenty
             thousand
             Sacks
             of
             Woll
             for
             payment
             of
             the
             Kings
             debts
             ,
             giving
             in
             the
             interim
             security
             themselves
             by
             Bond
             to
             the
             Earl
             of
             Brittain
             ,
             to
             whom
             their
             Soveraign
             stood
             engaged
             .
             Of
             the
             Clergie
             alone
             one
             Tenth
             for
             four
             years
             ,
             three
             for
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             one
             for
             one
             year
             .
             Besides
             a
             Contribution
             in
             the
             twelfth
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             seizing
             in
             the
             same
             year
             all
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Cluny
             and
             
               Cistertian
               Monks
            
             .
             Of
             the
             Church
             and
             Laity
             together
             he
             received
             six
             times
             the
             tenth
             of
             all
             their
             Moveables
             .
             From
             the
             Merchants
             and
             State
             a
             Subsidy
             of
             Wooll
             for
             three
             years
             .
             Imposing
             
               anno
               33.
               26
               s.
               8
               d.
            
             upon
             every
             Sack
             transported
             :
             which
             doubled
             the
             Impositions
             of
             his
             Father
             and
             Grandfather
             .
             Advancing
             it
             after
             for
             six
             years
             to
             forty
             shillings
             :
             and
             in
             anno
             38.
             (
             being
             the
             year
             he
             resumed
             his
             Stile
             of
             France
             )
             to
             46
             
               s.
               4
               d.
            
             the
             Sack
             of
             Wooll
             .
             Taking
             Poundage
             6
             d.
             of
             all
             Commodities
             inward
             and
             outward
             and
             enjoyning
             the
             Merchants
             for
             every
             Sampler
             of
             Wooll
             transported
             to
             return
             in
             forty
             shillings
             Bullion
             to
             his
             Mint
             .
             a
             Himself
             becoming
             Merchant
             of
             all
             the
             Tinne
             in
             Devonshire
             and
             
               Cornwall
               anno
               12.
               in
               auxilium
               supportationis
               onerum
               Belli
               ,
            
             to
             help
             him
             bear
             the
             burthen
             of
             his
             wars
             :
             assesting
             upon
             the
             heads
             of
             his
             Subjects
             a
             fine
             of
             4
             d.
             severally
             anno
             51.
             
             Besides
             in
             b
             anno
             20.
             he
             took
             a
             Loan
             of
             the
             Bishops
             ,
             Abbots
             ,
             Justices
             ,
             
               &
               aliis
               potentioribus
               Regni
               ,
               de
               diversis
               pecuniarum
               Summis
               ,
               inter
               Summas
               de
               1000
               l.
               &
               40
               l.
            
             and
             
             other
             wealthy
             men
             of
             his
             Realm
             ,
             in
             several
             summs
             of
             money
             ,
             betwixt
             the
             summs
             of
             1000
             l.
             and
             40
             l.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             first
             of
             his
             Reign
             a
             he
             commandeth
             all
             the
             Sea-towns
             to
             attend
             with
             Ships
             his
             service
             ,
             
               sumptibus
               propriis
               &
               duplici
               Eskeppamento
            
             ,
             at
             their
             own
             proper
             charge
             ,
             and
             with
             double
             Skippage
             ,
             and
             to
             provide
             as
             many
             as
             they
             can
             of
             sixty
             Tun
             and
             upwards
             .
             And
             the
             year
             following
             b
             layeth
             the
             like
             charge
             upon
             seventy
             six
             Port-Towns
             for
             all
             Ships
             of
             forty
             Tun
             and
             more
             .
             And
             an
             .
             10.
             c
             the
             like
             at
             their
             own
             charge
             ,
             besides
             a
             contribution
             of
             money
             ,
             d
             for
             payment
             whereof
             the
             Officers
             are
             commanded
             ,
             
               ut
               eas
               per
               districtiones
               &
               alias
               punitiones
               prout
               expedire
               viderint
               compellent
               ,
            
             to
             force
             it
             by
             distraining
             ,
             and
             what
             other
             punishments
             they
             shall
             find
             expedient
             .
             Injoyning
             such
             Merchants
             of
             
               London
               ,
               qui
               ex
               transmarinis
               passagiis
               lucra
               adquirunt
               ,
            
             who
             had
             traffick
             in
             forreign
             parts
             ,
             to
             furnish
             Ships
             for
             war
             at
             their
             own
             Charge
             .
             e
             And
             anno
             13.
             the
             Cinque-Ports
             set
             out
             to
             sea
             thirty
             Ships
             ,
             and
             maintain
             them
             during
             the
             service
             ,
             half
             at
             their
             own
             ,
             half
             at
             the
             Councils
             charge
             .
             Four
             score
             Ships
             being
             furnished
             and
             defrayed
             by
             the
             Out-Ports
             ,
             the
             Admiral
             directed
             to
             embargue
             all
             other
             Ships
             for
             the
             Kings
             service
             .
             f
             And
             although
             the
             Subject
             found
             this
             an
             infinite
             grievance
             ,
             yet
             could
             he
             (
             upon
             humble
             complaint
             in
             Parliament
             )
             receive
             no
             further
             relief
             ,
             than
             that
             the
             King
             would
             not
             have
             it
             otherwise
             than
             before
             .
             g
          
           
             For
             Provision
             of
             his
             Arms
             ,
             the
             King
             took
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             rate
             of
             loss
             to
             the
             Subject
             ,
             nineteen
             thousand
             quarters
             of
             Grain
             ,
             two
             thousand
             two
             hundred
             Oxen
             salted
             ,
             and
             three
             thousand
             Bacons
             ;
             
             besides
             of
             other
             Provisions
             an
             infinite
             quantity
             .
             a
             The
             like
             very
             frequent
             all
             his
             Reign●…
             
               pro
               guerris
               necessariis
               ,
               ubi
               id
               magis
               commode
               fie●…
               poterat
               ,
            
             for
             the
             necessities
             of
             his
             wars
             ,
             where
             〈◊〉
             could
             be
             done
             with
             more
             conveniency
             .
          
           
             The
             Persons
             of
             all
             his
             meaner
             Subjects
             from
             sixteen
             to
             sixty
             he
             causeth
             b
             to
             be
             armed
             in
             readiness
             
               ad
               praemonitionem
               5.
               dierum
            
             ,
             at
             five
             dayes
             warning
             ;
             the
             Decrepite
             to
             contribute
             
               ad
               expens●
               praemissorum
            
             ,
             towards
             the
             expences
             of
             the
             rest
             :
             an●
             to
             arrest
             the
             Bodies
             of
             the
             disobedient
             ,
             that
             
               〈◊〉
               ipsis
               tanquam
               de
               inimicis
               sumat
               vindictam
               ,
            
             they
             might
             be
             dealt
             withal
             as
             enemies
             .
             c
             The
             Gentry
             and
             Nobility
             supplying
             the
             King
             in
             his
             wars
             ,
             and
             〈◊〉
             their
             own
             charge
             ,
             d
             sometimes
             with
             seven
             or
             eigh●
             hundred
             men
             at
             Arms
             ,
             and
             two
             or
             three
             thousand
             Archers
             ,
             as
             anno
             13.
             with
             other
             proportions
             〈◊〉
             divers
             years
             following
             .
             And
             the
             Bishops
             ordered
             e
             to
             furnish
             
               Armis
               &
               Equis
               competentibus
            
             ,
             serviceable
             Arms
             and
             Horses
             ,
             so
             many
             as
             occasion
             required
             :
             and
             their
             Persons
             (
             together
             with
             the
             Lay
             Nobility
             )
             commanded
             f
             
               quod
               sint
               parati
               Equ●…
               &
               Armis
               &
               toto
               servitio
               debito
               ,
            
             with
             Horse
             and
             Arms
             and
             all
             necessary
             accoutrements
             to
             attend
             the
             King
             in
             his
             wars
             .
          
           
             These
             wars
             (
             which
             as
             Edward
             the
             third
             professeth
             himself
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             g
             could
             not
             without
             his
             great
             danger
             and
             loss
             of
             Honour
             be
             maintained
             ,
             unless
             by
             perpetual
             Aid
             from
             the
             Subjects
             )
             were
             so
             grievous
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             in
             anno
             22.
             they
             complain
             in
             Parliament
             of
             the
             miseries
             they
             underwent
             thereby
             :
             As
             of
             their
             Aids
             advanced
             to
             forty
             shillings
             Fine
             ,
             that
             by
             law
             should
             be
             but
             twenty
             shillings
             .
             Their
             setting
             forth
             of
             men
             ,
             and
             the
             Kings
             taking
             of
             their
             Victuals
             without
             payment
             ;
             
             The
             Sea
             left
             to
             the
             charge
             of
             their
             keeping
             ,
             and
             from
             their
             Woolls
             by
             way
             of
             Subsidy
             sixty
             thousand
             pound
             yearly
             exacted
             without
             Law
             ;
             besides
             the
             lending
             of
             two
             thousand
             Sacks
             ,
             and
             themselves
             restrained
             from
             transporting
             any
             .
             But
             such
             was
             the
             Necessity
             of
             these
             times
             ,
             that
             neither
             they
             had
             redress
             of
             their
             Complaint
             ,
             nor
             the
             State
             one
             year
             discharged
             of
             Contribution
             all
             his
             Reign
             .
          
           
             Richard
             succeeding
             his
             Grandfather
             declareth
             
             both
             
               a
               anno
            
             2.
             and
             14.
             that
             the
             great
             Wars
             he
             was
             left
             in
             ,
             and
             the
             Territories
             he
             inherited
             beyond
             Sea
             could
             not
             be
             maintained
             ,
             except
             the
             Subject
             of
             this
             Realm
             gave
             supply
             of
             means
             thereto
             .
             He
             therefore
             of
             the
             Clergy
             and
             Laity
             took
             once
             the
             tenth
             of
             all
             their
             lands
             ,
             and
             thrice
             of
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             the
             like
             entirely
             ,
             and
             six
             times
             the
             half
             ,
             twelve
             times
             a
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             six
             times
             the
             moiety
             :
             And
             had
             anno
             21.
             granted
             one
             Tenth
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             a
             fifteenth
             and
             a
             half
             of
             either
             of
             them
             yearly
             for
             the
             term
             of
             life
             .
             From
             out
             of
             the
             Burroughs
             and
             Cities
             thrice
             a
             full
             Tenth
             ,
             and
             once
             a
             Moiety
             .
             Out
             of
             all
             Merchandises
             he
             received
             three
             years
             〈◊〉
             d.
             in
             the
             pound
             ,
             and
             once
             12
             d.
             And
             for
             every
             Tun
             of
             Wine
             ,
             and
             such
             Commodities
             ,
             for
             two
             years
             six
             pence
             ,
             doubling
             it
             for
             as
             many
             ,
             and
             ●…ling
             it
             for
             three
             years
             after
             .
             The
             Custom
             of
             Wolls
             ,
             &c.
             by
             Edward
             the
             first
             rated
             at
             a
             Noble
             the
             Sack
             ,
             and
             under
             his
             Son
             increased
             as
             much
             more
             ,
             was
             to
             this
             King
             advanced
             to
             twenty
             ●…llings
             eight
             pence
             ,
             which
             singly
             for
             eight
             year
             〈◊〉
             had
             granted
             unto
             him
             ,
             besides
             once
             for
             three
             ●…rs
             ,
             and
             once
             for
             four
             ,
             having
             it
             after
             improved
             ●…y
             four
             shillings
             four
             pence
             ,
             and
             again
             to
             sorry
             three
             shillings
             four
             pence
             the
             Sack.
             
             The
             summ
             of
             one
             of
             these
             Subsidies
             in
             anno
             14.
             amounted
             to
             one
             hundred
             and
             sixty
             thousand
             pound
             .
             From
             out
             of
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Clergie
             he
             had
             eight
             Tenths
             and
             a
             half
             ;
             and
             one
             out
             of
             those
             and
             the
             Laiety
             together
             ;
             besides
             a
             Loan
             anno
             5.
             of
             sixty
             thousand
             pound
             .
             By
             the
             poll
             or
             heads
             of
             all
             his
             people
             from
             above
             fifteen
             years
             ,
             he
             collected
             twice
             a
             Contribution
             ,
             assessed
             proportional
             from
             the
             Begger
             to
             the
             Duke
             :
             Besides
             in
             strength
             of
             Prerogative
             only
             ,
             of
             every
             Ship
             and
             Fisherman
             six
             pence
             the
             Tun
             :
             the
             like
             of
             Newcastle
             Coals
             ,
             and
             of
             every
             Last
             of
             Corn
             inwards
             or
             outwards
             the
             like
             summ
             .
          
           
             To
             furnish
             his
             journey
             for
             Ireland
             he
             took
             their
             Horses
             ,
             Armour
             ,
             Cattel
             .
             a
             
               Hinc
               factus
               est
               suis
               Subditis
               invisus
               ,
            
             Hereupon
             he
             came
             to
             be
             hated
             by
             his
             People
             ,
             saith
             the
             Bishop
             of
             London
             .
             And
             so
             it
             seemed
             :
             For
             at
             his
             deposing
             ,
             it
             was
             one
             of
             the
             objected
             Articles
             against
             him
             .
          
           
             He
             the
             first
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             imposed
             upon
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             formerly
             his
             Ancestors
             had
             done
             ,
             a
             personal
             service
             
               ab
               anno
               primo
            
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             Clergie
             should
             array
             
               Armis
               &
               Equis
               competentibus
            
             ,
             with
             serviceable
             Horses
             and
             Arms
             ,
             from
             the
             age
             of
             sixteen
             to
             sixty
             ,
             
               &
               eos
               in
               Millenis
               &
               Centenis
               poni
               faciant
               ,
            
             &
             cause
             them
             to
             be
             entred
             into
             Regiments
             and
             Companies
             .
             And
             two
             years
             after
             commanded
             all
             according
             to
             their
             Tenures
             by
             service
             to
             fit
             themselves
             
               Equis
               &
               Armis
            
             ,
             with
             Horse
             &
             Arms
             to
             attend
             the
             wars
             .
             But
             these
             the
             courses
             of
             elder
             times
             were
             about
             this
             time
             much
             altered
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ever
             supplyed
             in
             his
             wars
             by
             contract
             with
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Gentry
             ,
             to
             serve
             him
             with
             so
             many
             men
             ,
             and
             so
             long
             ,
             and
             at
             such
             a
             rate
             as
             he
             and
             they
             by
             Indenture
             accorded
             ;
             of
             
             which
             there
             are
             in
             the
             Pell
             plenty
             yet
             remaining
             .
             Thus
             under
             grievous
             burdens
             did
             the
             State
             labour
             continually
             all
             his
             time
             ;
             for
             his
             Treasury
             being
             wastefully
             emptied
             ,
             was
             ,
             as
             Tacitus
             saith
             of
             Tiberius
             ,
             a
             
               Scelere
               replendum
            
             ,
             to
             be
             filled
             some
             ill
             way
             ;
             by
             which
             he
             meant
             intolerable
             racking
             of
             the
             people
             .
             Hence
             it
             was
             that
             often
             in
             this
             Kings
             time
             b
             the
             Subjects
             humbly
             beg
             some
             ease
             of
             the
             insupportable
             Tallages
             .
          
           
             But
             he
             little
             regarding
             the
             tears
             or
             groans
             of
             his
             heartless
             People
             ,
             answered
             them
             as
             an
             .
             4.
             
             That
             their
             Petition
             and
             his
             Honour
             could
             not
             consist
             together
             .
             c
             They
             again
             plead
             extream
             poverty
             ,
             in
             barr
             of
             further
             relief
             ;
             complaining
             that
             good
             money
             was
             transported
             ,
             and
             the
             State
             enforced
             to
             use
             base
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             price
             of
             Wooll
             by
             wars
             (
             to
             their
             utter
             impoverishing
             )
             was
             fallen
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Kings
             want
             was
             only
             the
             ill
             government
             of
             his
             Revenues
             ;
             and
             therefore
             crave
             to
             have
             his
             present
             Officers
             removed
             :
             and
             very
             hardly
             would
             be
             drawn
             any
             more
             to
             tax
             themselves
             ,
             but
             conditionally
             ,
             and
             with
             this
             Limitation
             ,
             That
             their
             money
             should
             be
             received
             ,
             expended
             ,
             and
             accounted
             for
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             by
             Treasurers
             of
             their
             own
             election
             ;
             and
             are
             content
             to
             lend
             in
             the
             end
             ;
             loading
             this
             poor
             Kings
             dejected
             Fortune
             with
             the
             reproachful
             weight
             of
             these
             their
             many
             Burthens
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             in
             thirteen
             years
             out
             of
             the
             
             land
             of
             his
             people
             received
             twice
             relief
             ;
             once
             
               auxilia
               de
               medietate
               Feodorum
            
             ,
             an
             Aid
             of
             the
             moiety
             of
             the
             Fees
             ,
             and
             again
             a
             Noble
             out
             of
             every
             twenty
             pound
             throughout
             all
             the
             Realm
             .
             Out
             of
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             four
             times
             a
             Tenth
             ,
             besides
             one
             for
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             one
             and
             a
             half
             for
             two
             .
             By
             several
             grants
             and
             years
             five
             
             Fifteens
             ,
             besides
             one
             for
             two
             and
             one
             for
             three
             years
             .
             Out
             of
             Staple
             Commodities
             of
             Woolls
             ,
             Fells
             ,
             &c.
             one
             Subsidy
             for
             one
             year
             ,
             four
             for
             two
             apiece
             ,
             and
             one
             for
             three
             years
             .
             A
             Poundage
             at
             8
             d.
             once
             ,
             four
             times
             twelve
             pence
             ,
             whereof
             the
             last
             was
             for
             two
             years
             .
             The
             like
             number
             and
             years
             of
             the
             Tunnage
             ,
             the
             first
             only
             rated
             at
             two
             shillings
             ,
             the
             rest
             at
             three
             shillings
             the
             Tun.
             Out
             of
             the
             Moveables
             of
             the
             Clergie
             thrice
             a
             Tenth
             ,
             and
             twice
             a
             moiety
             ;
             as
             also
             of
             every
             stipendary
             Minister
             ,
             Frier
             ,
             and
             such
             meaner
             of
             persons
             six
             shillings
             eight
             pence
             apiece
             .
             Besides
             all
             these
             ,
             of
             all
             he
             took
             anno
             8.
             a
             a
             Contribution
             
               it
               a
               gravis
            
             ,
             so
             heavy
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             granted
             
               ea
               conditione
               ,
               ne
               trahatur
               in
               Exemplum
               ,
               &
               ut
               Evidentiae
               post
               datum
               Computum
               cremarentur
               ,
            
             upon
             this
             condition
             ,
             that
             it
             should
             not
             be
             made
             an
             Example
             to
             following
             times
             ,
             and
             that
             after
             the
             Account
             the
             Evidences
             should
             be
             burnt
             .
          
           
             Next
             him
             succeeded
             his
             Son
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             ;
             in
             
             whose
             nine
             years
             Reign
             I
             find
             no
             charge
             imposed
             upon
             the
             Land
             of
             the
             Subjects
             .
             Out
             of
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             he
             received
             six
             times
             the
             tenth
             and
             the
             fifteenth
             entirely
             ,
             and
             once
             two
             thirds
             only
             of
             Staple
             wares
             ;
             a
             Subsidy
             once
             for
             four
             years
             ,
             and
             after
             for
             life
             :
             three
             shillings
             Tunnage
             ,
             and
             twelve
             pence
             poundage
             for
             the
             like
             terms
             as
             the
             former
             Subsidies
             .
             Thrice
             he
             had
             the
             Tenth
             of
             his
             Clergy
             .
             And
             in
             the
             eighth
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             when
             the
             Chancellor
             bewailed
             to
             him
             in
             Parliament
             the
             Feebleness
             and
             Poverty
             of
             the
             People
             by
             reason
             of
             wars
             and
             scarcity
             of
             money
             ,
             he
             (
             who
             of
             as
             many
             attempts
             as
             he
             undertook
             ,
             
               totidem
               fecit
               Monumenta
               victoriae
            
             ,
             raised
             himself
             so
             many
             Monuments
             of
             Victory
             ,
             )
             yet
             for
             redress
             and
             ease
             of
             
             those
             miseries
             (
             as
             Livy
             saith
             of
             an
             excellent
             Soldier
             )
             
               Pacem
               voluit
               etiam
               quia
               vincere
               potuit
               ,
            
             he
             preferred
             Peace
             because
             he
             knew
             he
             could
             overcome
             .
             And
             left
             in
             the
             ninth
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             a
             peaceable
             succession
             and
             
               Heir
               ,
               nimium
               felix
               malo
            
             
             suo
             ,
             too
             happy
             to
             his
             own
             undoing
             ,
             as
             the
             event
             proved
             .
             For
             retaining
             nothing
             
               ex
               paterna
               Majestate
               praeter
               speciem
               nominis
               ,
            
             of
             his
             Fathers
             Greatness
             more
             than
             the
             specious
             Name
             of
             a
             Great
             King
             ,
             by
             Fear
             and
             Facility
             he
             laid
             the
             way
             open
             to
             his
             Factious
             Ambitious
             Kindred
             ,
             to
             work
             themselves
             into
             popular
             Favour
             ,
             and
             himself
             into
             Contempt
             :
             which
             was
             soon
             done
             by
             leading
             the
             easie
             King
             by
             Expence
             into
             Extremity
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             into
             Burdens
             .
             For
             besides
             the
             Resumptions
             he
             took
             of
             his
             own
             and
             Fathers
             Grants
             ,
             (
             which
             was
             of
             purpose
             plotted
             to
             make
             a
             consumption
             of
             Duty
             and
             Affection
             towards
             him
             )
             he
             out
             of
             the
             old
             inheritance
             of
             his
             Subjects
             exacted
             six
             pence
             in
             the
             pound
             anno
             14.
             and
             doubled
             twice
             that
             valuation
             ,
             not
             only
             on
             all
             lands
             purchased
             from
             the
             entrance
             of
             Edward
             the
             first
             ,
             but
             of
             all
             Free-hold
             and
             Coppy-hold
             under
             200
             l.
             and
             two
             in
             twenty
             of
             all
             above
             .
             He
             further
             imposed
             first
             six
             shillings
             eight
             pence
             ,
             and
             then
             twenty
             shillings
             upon
             every
             Knights
             Fee.
             Out
             of
             the
             goods
             of
             the
             Commons
             he
             had
             six
             tenths
             ,
             whereof
             one
             for
             three
             years
             ,
             besides
             three
             moieties
             ,
             and
             one
             third
             ;
             of
             fifteens
             three
             halfs
             ,
             one
             third
             ,
             and
             eight
             entire
             ,
             of
             which
             there
             was
             of
             two
             a
             three
             years
             grant
             .
             Besides
             these
             former
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             Woolls
             he
             had
             37107
             l.
             raised
             by
             a
             moiety
             of
             a
             tenth
             and
             fifteenth
             ,
             and
             again
             of
             all
             goods
             six
             shillings
             eight
             pence
             in
             the
             pound
             .
             Of
             the
             Merchant
             ,
             of
             Subsidies
             rated
             as
             in
             former
             times
             ,
             he
             had
             them
             by
             grant
             once
             but
             for
             a
             year
             ;
             
             the
             like
             doubled
             for
             two
             ,
             and
             trebled
             for
             three
             and
             a
             half
             .
             This
             Subsidy
             advanced
             to
             thirty
             three
             shillings
             four
             pence
             of
             Denisons
             ,
             and
             fifty
             three
             shillings
             four
             pence
             of
             Aliens
             .
             The
             Sack
             of
             Wooll
             was
             twice
             granted
             for
             four
             years
             at
             a
             time
             ,
             and
             anno
             31.
             for
             term
             of
             the
             Kings
             life
             .
             Besides
             a
             Subsidy
             alone
             of
             Aliens
             goods
             ,
             Tonnage
             and
             Poundage
             improved
             to
             six
             shillings
             eight
             pence
             he
             took
             in
             his
             eighteenth
             year
             .
             And
             after
             the
             Rates
             of
             his
             Fathers
             time
             he
             had
             it
             first
             thrice
             by
             his
             several
             grants
             and
             years
             ,
             then
             as
             often
             for
             two
             years
             ,
             and
             again
             by
             a
             new
             grant
             for
             five
             years
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             for
             term
             of
             his
             life
             .
             Of
             the
             Clergie
             he
             had
             besides
             one
             half
             of
             Dismes
             ,
             four
             entire
             tenths
             .
             And
             by
             the
             State
             in
             general
             an
             .
             31.
             two
             thousand
             Archers
             maintained
             for
             half
             a
             year
             at
             the
             common
             Charge
             .
             By
             the
             Poll
             he
             exacted
             anno
             18.
             of
             every
             Merchant
             Stranger
             if
             a
             householder
             sixteen
             shillings
             apiece
             ,
             if
             none
             six
             pence
             .
             And
             anno
             27.
             six
             shillings
             eight
             pence
             of
             every
             such
             Stranger
             ,
             and
             twenty
             pence
             of
             their
             Clerks
             .
             An.
             31.
             he
             had
             granted
             for
             term
             of
             life
             ten
             pounds
             a
             year
             of
             all
             Inhabitants
             meer
             Aliens
             ,
             and
             a
             third
             less
             of
             Denizons
             ,
             and
             twenty
             shillings
             of
             every
             Stranger
             Merchant
             that
             came
             into
             the
             land
             .
             The
             first
             Monopolies
             
             I
             find
             were
             grounded
             upon
             the
             extremities
             of
             these
             times
             ;
             for
             in
             anno
             29.
             the
             Spinellos
             ,
             Merchants
             of
             Genua
             ,
             had
             by
             grant
             for
             eight
             thousand
             pound
             the
             sole
             Trade
             of
             many
             Staple-Commodities
             .
             As
             the
             Merchants
             of
             Southampton
             had
             all
             Allome
             for
             the
             like
             summ
             .
             Yet
             for
             all
             the
             Contributions
             ,
             Taxes
             and
             Shifts
             ,
             (
             whereby
             the
             impoverished
             People
             were
             enforced
             to
             petition
             redress
             ;
             for
             which
             a
             Parliament
             was
             anno
             10.
             summoned
             only
             ,
             )
             the
             Kings
             Coffers
             were
             so
             empty
             ,
             and
             the
             yearly
             Revenues
             so
             short
             ,
             as
             the
             Lord
             
             Trea●●r●r
             was
             constrained
             *
             an
             .
             11.
             to
             complain
             in
             Parliament
             of
             the
             one
             ,
             and
             declared
             there
             the
             other
             to
             want
             thirty
             five
             thousand
             pound
             of
             the
             needful
             expence
             ,
             as
             the
             best
             motive
             to
             work
             a
             Relief
             from
             the
             Common-wealth
             :
             which
             was
             b●…he
             people
             in
             part
             effected
             .
             a
             But
             by
             anno
             18.
             the
             debts
             were
             swoln
             again
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             the
             Parliament
             was
             reinforced
             not
             only
             to
             see
             them
             ,
             but
             to
             support
             and
             victual
             his
             household
             .
             Thus
             was
             this
             unhappy
             Princes
             Reign
             all
             war
             and
             waste
             :
             and
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             as
             one
             saith
             of
             b
             
               Lepidus
               ,
               à
               Militibus
               &
               à
               fortuna
               deserebatur
               ,
            
             being
             forsaken
             both
             of
             Souldiers
             and
             Fortune
             ,
             he
             was
             left
             a
             while
             to
             a
             disgraced
             life
             ,
             
               s●…
               quam
               tueri
               non
               poterat
               dignitate
               ,
            
             and
             despoiled
             of
             that
             Dignity
             which
             he
             was
             not
             able
             to
             maintain
             :
          
           
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             ,
             c
             besides
             two
             resumptions
             
             not
             only
             of
             the
             Grants
             of
             such
             Kings
             as
             he
             accounted
             
               de
               facto
            
             ,
             and
             not
             
               de
               jure
            
             to
             Reign
             ,
             but
             also
             of
             those
             made
             by
             d
             himself
             ,
             and
             that
             Sea
             of
             profit
             that
             by
             infinite
             Attaintures
             flowed
             daily
             into
             his
             Treasury
             ,
             took
             notwithstanding
             of
             the
             Lords
             Spiritual
             and
             Temporal
             only
             a
             Tenth
             of
             their
             yearly
             possessions
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             Commons
             six
             Tenths
             ,
             three
             quarters
             ;
             and
             the
             like
             proportion
             of
             Fifteens
             :
             A
             Benevolence
             in
             anno
             14.
             which
             e
             Fabian
             calleth
             a
             new
             Contribution
             :
             And
             charged
             them
             f
             anno
             12.
             with
             wages
             of
             his
             Archers
             to
             a
             summ
             of
             51117
             l.
             Of
             the
             Merchant
             he
             had
             Tonnage
             and
             Poundage
             for
             term
             of
             life
             .
             Besides
             of
             Strangers
             ,
             as
             well
             Denizons
             as
             others
             ,
             a
             Subsidy
             the
             g
             twenty
             second
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             .
             Leaving
             his
             Kingdom
             in
             the
             next
             to
             the
             few
             dayes
             of
             his
             son
             Edward
             the
             fifth
             .
             For
             ,
             
             
               
               
                 Osten
                 dunt
                 terris
                 hunc
                 tantum
                 Fata
                 ,
                 nec
                 ultra
              
               
                 Esse
                 sinunt
                 .
                 —
              
            
             The
             Fates
             only
             shewed
             him
             to
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             took
             him
             away
             again
             .
          
           
             Richard
             his
             Brother
             succeeded
             ,
             
               homo
               ingeniosissime
               nequam
               ,
               &
               facundus
               malo
               publico
               ,
            
             a
             
             man
             most
             ingeniously
             mischievous
             ,
             and
             full
             of
             Art
             to
             beguile
             the
             people
             .
             He
             to
             make
             a
             just
             semblance
             of
             his
             unjust
             entry
             ,
             besides
             his
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             full
             of
             dangerous
             Untruths
             ,
             dissembled
             the
             part
             of
             an
             excellent
             Prince
             ,
             making
             the
             Commons
             believe
             by
             a
             Statute
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             gave
             first
             form
             ,
             as
             life
             ,
             discharging
             them
             for
             ever
             from
             all
             exactions
             called
             Benevolences
             ,
             that
             his
             opinion
             was
             ,
             
               Ditare
               magis
               esse
               Regium
               quam
               ditescere
               ,
            
             that
             it
             was
             more
             King-like
             to
             enrich
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             than
             to
             grow
             rich
             himself
             .
             Whereas
             he
             did
             but
             lively
             imitate
             Nero
             ,
             that
             took
             away
             the
             law
             
               Manlia
               de
               vectigalibus
            
             ,
             only
             
               ut
               gratiosior
               esset
               populis
            
             ,
             to
             ingratiate
             himself
             the
             more
             with
             the
             people
             .
             And
             so
             all
             his
             short
             Reign
             I
             find
             recorded
             but
             once
             any
             Tax
             upon
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             that
             was
             Tenths
             granted
             by
             the
             Clergie
             of
             both
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             seventh
             succeeding
             ,
             resumed
             in
             the
             
             third
             of
             his
             Reign
             most
             of
             the
             grants
             of
             Office
             made
             by
             the
             Usurper
             or
             his
             Brother
             ,
             and
             assessed
             upon
             the
             land
             only
             of
             his
             Subjects
             but
             one
             Aid
             in
             anno
             19.
             out
             of
             their
             Goods
             and
             Lands
             a
             tenth
             peny
             ,
             and
             of
             their
             Goods
             only
             three
             times
             the
             Tenth
             ,
             five
             Fifteens
             ,
             besides
             a
             Tenth
             and
             Fifteenth
             arising
             to
             120000l
             .
             He
             took
             three
             Subsidies
             ,
             whereof
             the
             last
             was
             not
             above
             36000l
             .
             a
             and
             one
             Benevolence
             ,
             the
             proportion
             of
             every
             Alderman
             b●…g
             300l
             .
             and
             the
             entire
             summ
             of
             the
             City
             of
             
               London
               9688
               l.
               17
               s.
               4
               d.
            
             Of
             the
             Clergi●…e
             had
             twice
             the
             Tenth
             ,
             and
             25000
             l.
             
             by
             way
             of
             Subsidy
             .
             a
             And
             of
             them
             and
             the
             Commons
             two
             Loans
             ;
             the
             City
             of
             Lond.
             rated
             at
             6000
             l.
             the
             other
             not
             definite
             in
             proportion
             ,
             but
             so
             assessed
             as
             Commissioners
             and
             the
             Lenders
             could
             agree
             .
          
           
             And
             as
             well
             to
             ease
             the
             expence
             of
             wars
             ,
             as
             issue
             of
             the
             good
             money
             going
             over
             to
             Bullen
             ,
             b
             he
             stamped
             an
             allayed
             Coin
             then
             usually
             termed
             Dandeprats
             :
             A
             course
             that
             necessity
             after
             enforced
             his
             Son
             and
             Successors
             to
             practise
             ,
             and
             is
             an
             apparent
             Symptome
             of
             a
             consumed
             State.
             But
             that
             whereby
             he
             heaped
             up
             his
             mass
             of
             Treasure
             ,
             (
             c
             for
             he
             left
             in
             Bullion
             four
             millions
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             besides
             his
             Plate
             ,
             Jewels
             ,
             and
             rich
             attire
             of
             house
             )
             was
             by
             sale
             of
             Offices
             ,
             redemption
             of
             Penalties
             ,
             dispencing
             with
             Laws
             ,
             and
             such
             like
             ,
             to
             a
             yearly
             value
             of
             120000
             l.
             
          
           
             His
             Successor
             ,
             reaping
             the
             fruit
             of
             his
             Fathers
             
             labour
             ,
             gave
             ease
             of
             burthen
             to
             the
             Subjects
             his
             first
             two
             years
             ;
             taking
             within
             the
             compass
             of
             his
             other
             thirty
             four
             three
             Tenths
             of
             the
             Commons
             ,
             four
             Fifteens
             ,
             six
             Subsidies
             ,
             whereof
             that
             an
             .
             4.
             amounted
             to
             16000
             l.
             and
             that
             
               anno
               7.
               110000
               l.
               Tonnage
            
             he
             had
             and
             Poundage
             once
             for
             a
             year
             ,
             and
             after
             for
             term
             of
             life
             .
             Of
             the
             Clergie
             four
             Tenths
             by
             one
             grant
             ,
             and
             three
             by
             several
             ,
             every
             of
             them
             not
             less
             than
             25084
             l.
             Of
             Subsidies
             he
             had
             one
             of
             the
             Province
             of
             Canterbury
             ,
             another
             of
             both
             ;
             the
             Stipendary
             Ministers
             there
             to
             be
             taxed
             according
             to
             the
             rate
             of
             their
             wages
             .
             In
             anno
             22.
             they
             granted
             a
             moiety
             of
             all
             their
             Goods
             and
             Lands
             ,
             payable
             by
             equal
             portion
             in
             five
             years
             ,
             every
             part
             arising
             to
             95000
             l.
             And
             not
             long
             after
             he
             had
             added
             150000
             l.
             to
             the
             yearly
             Revenues
             of
             his
             Crown
             ,
             by
             an
             inhumane
             spoil
             of
             sacred
             Monuments
             ,
             and
             impious
             ruine
             of
             holy
             
             Churches
             ,
             if
             Gods
             blessing
             could
             have
             accompanied
             so
             foul
             an
             Act.
             And
             as
             these
             former
             Collections
             he
             grounded
             upon
             Law
             ,
             so
             did
             he
             many
             upon
             Prerogative
             :
             As
             Benevolences
             and
             Loans
             from
             the
             Clergie
             and
             Commons
             .
             Of
             the
             first
             there
             were
             two
             remarkable
             ,
             that
             in
             anno
             17.
             acted
             by
             Commissioners
             ,
             who
             as
             themselves
             were
             sworn
             to
             Secrecy
             ,
             so
             were
             they
             to
             swear
             all
             those
             with
             whom
             they
             conferr
             or
             contract
             .
             The
             Rates
             directed
             by
             instructions
             ,
             as
             the
             thirds
             of
             all
             Goods
             ,
             Offices
             ,
             Land
             above
             20
             l.
             and
             the
             fourth
             under
             .
             And
             although
             the
             Recusants
             (
             whether
             from
             Disobedience
             or
             Inability
             )
             are
             threatned
             with
             Convention
             before
             the
             Council
             ,
             Imprisonment
             ,
             and
             Consiscation
             of
             Goods
             :
             yet
             in
             the
             a
             Design
             Original
             under
             the
             Kings
             hand
             ,
             it
             hath
             so
             fair
             a
             name
             as
             an
             Amicable
             Grant.
             The
             other
             about
             b
             an
             .
             36.
             exacteth
             out
             of
             all
             Goods
             ,
             Offices
             ,
             land
             from
             forty
             shillings
             to
             20
             
               l.
               8
               d.
            
             in
             the
             pound
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             above
             12
             d.
             And
             amongst
             the
             many
             Loans
             ,
             there
             is
             none
             more
             notorious
             than
             that
             of
             an
             .
             14.
             c
             which
             was
             10
             l.
             in
             the
             hundred
             of
             all
             Goods
             ,
             Jewels
             ,
             Utensils
             ,
             and
             Land
             from
             20
             l.
             to
             300
             l.
             and
             twenty
             marks
             of
             all
             above
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Subjects
             Fortune
             ,
             revealed
             by
             the
             extremity
             of
             his
             own
             Oath
             ,
             would
             extend
             .
             And
             to
             stop
             as
             well
             intentions
             if
             any
             had
             been
             ,
             as
             expectations
             of
             repayment
             of
             such
             Loans
             ,
             d
             the
             Parliament
             in
             an
             .
             21.
             acqui●teth
             the
             King
             of
             every
             Privy
             Seal
             or
             
               Letter
               Miss●ve
            
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             his
             Son
             ,
             besides
             Tonnage
             and
             
             Poundage
             for
             life
             ,
             an
             .
             1.
             received
             of
             his
             Lay-Subjects
             six
             Fifteens
             ,
             and
             of
             both
             three
             Subsidies
             ,
             leaving
             one
             of
             the
             Temporalty
             ungathered
             :
             which
             his
             Sister
             Mary
             remitted
             in
             an
             .
             1.
             of
             her
             reign
             ;
             yet
             
             
             after
             (
             incited
             by
             the
             French
             King
             succouring
             her
             Rebels
             ,
             and
             suffering
             her
             money
             adulterated
             in
             his
             Dominions
             ,
             purposely
             to
             be
             hither
             transported
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             side
             the
             quarrel
             of
             Philip
             her
             husband
             against
             him
             )
             being
             drawn
             into
             wars
             ,
             she
             was
             inforced
             to
             press
             upon
             her
             people
             ,
             who
             besides
             the
             Loan
             in
             an
             .
             3.
             and
             Tonnage
             and
             Poundage
             an
             .
             1.
             for
             term
             of
             life
             granted
             unto
             her
             by
             Parliament
             ,
             took
             five
             Fifteens
             of
             the
             Commons
             ,
             and
             of
             them
             and
             the
             Clergie
             three
             years
             Subsidies
             .
          
           
             Her
             Sister
             of
             happy
             memory
             succeeding
             ,
             besides
             
             divers
             Loans
             of
             her
             people
             and
             others
             in
             forreign
             parts
             ,
             (
             as
             anno
             5.
             when
             
               William
               Herle
            
             was
             dispatched
             into
             Germany
             to
             take
             up
             at
             Interest
             for
             six
             years
             great
             summs
             of
             money
             ,
             the
             like
             anno
             18.
             from
             the
             Merchants
             of
             Colen
             and
             Hamburgh
             upon
             Bond
             of
             the
             City
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             again
             of
             Spinello
             and
             Pallavicini
             upon
             the
             former
             security
             ,
             strengthened
             with
             the
             assurance
             also
             of
             many
             of
             her
             chiefest
             Councellors
             )
             had
             by
             grant
             of
             her
             Subjects
             thirty
             eight
             Fifteens
             ,
             twenty
             Subsidies
             of
             the
             Commons
             ,
             and
             eighteen
             of
             the
             Clergie
             .
             All
             which
             together
             rose
             to
             a
             summ
             of
             two
             Millions
             and
             800000
             l.
             
          
           
             HAving
             thus
             far
             (
             with
             as
             light
             a
             hand
             as
             I
             
             could
             )
             drawn
             down
             the
             many
             and
             mighty
             burdens
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             if
             but
             with
             a
             touch
             of
             the
             Princes
             Extremities
             beyond
             the
             ease
             of
             these
             former
             helps
             I
             heighten
             up
             this
             draught
             ,
             it
             will
             with
             much
             more
             life
             and
             lustre
             express
             the
             Figure
             of
             wars
             Misery
             .
             a
             The
             Credit
             of
             Kings
             it
             hath
             brought
             to
             so
             low
             an
             ebb
             ,
             that
             when
             by
             
             force
             of
             necessity
             they
             borrowed
             money
             ,
             they
             could
             not
             take
             it
             up
             but
             by
             collateral
             security
             ,
             and
             extream
             Interest
             .
             As
             Edward
             the
             third
             in
             the
             Patent
             to
             b
             
               William
               de
               la
               Poole
            
             confesseth
             that
             
               propter
               defectum
               pecuniae
               negotia
               sua
               fuerunt
               periculosissine
               retardata
               ,
            
             for
             want
             of
             money
             his
             affairs
             were
             dangerously
             delayed
             ,
             (
             they
             are
             the
             words
             of
             the
             record
             )
             and
             the
             honour
             of
             him
             and
             his
             Royal
             Army
             
               magne
               fuit
               depressioni
               paterter
               expositus
               ,
               &
               progressus
               non
               sine
               dedecore
               suo
               perpetuo
               impeditus
               ,
            
             he
             was
             brought
             to
             a
             manifest
             low
             condition
             ,
             and
             his
             proceeding
             to
             his
             great
             dishonour
             had
             been
             constantly
             hindered
             ;
             if
             
               De
               la
               Poole
            
             had
             not
             as
             well
             supplyed
             him
             with
             the
             credit
             of
             his
             Security
             ,
             as
             with
             the
             best
             ability
             of
             his
             own
             Purse
             .
             For
             which
             service
             he
             honoured
             him
             and
             his
             posterity
             with
             the
             degree
             of
             Baronets
             ,
             and
             five
             hundred
             pound
             land
             
             of
             inheritance
             .
          
           
             The
             interest
             of
             
               Henry
               3.
               ad
               plus
               quam
               centum
               quotidie
               libras
               ascenderat
               ,
               ita
               ut
               imminer●t
               tam
               Clero
               quam
               Populo
               Angliae
               Desolatio
               &
               Ruina
               ,
            
             came
             to
             more
             than
             a
             hundred
             pound
             a
             day
             ,
             so
             that
             present
             ruine
             and
             desolation
             hung
             over
             the
             heads
             as
             well
             of
             the
             Clergie
             as
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             Queen
             Mary
             a
             borrowed
             in
             Flanders
             at
             fourteen
             in
             the
             hundred
             ,
             besides
             Brocage
             upon
             collateral
             security
             .
          
           
             The
             late
             Queen
             was
             enforced
             b
             to
             the
             like
             thrice
             with
             Strangers
             upon
             the
             City
             of
             Londons
             assurance
             ,
             as
             before
             ,
             and
             with
             her
             c
             own
             Subjects
             after
             upon
             Mortgage
             of
             Land.
             A
             course
             more
             moderate
             than
             either
             that
             of
             the
             first
             William
             ,
             that
             took
             out
             of
             Churches
             such
             money
             as
             several
             men
             had
             committed
             thither
             for
             more
             
             security
             :
             a
             or
             that
             of
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             ,
             that
             to
             repair
             the
             waste
             of
             his
             Italian
             wars
             ,
             went
             in
             person
             to
             Barcilona
             ,
             to
             seize
             into
             his
             hands
             a
             Mass
             of
             money
             called
             
               Depositum
               Tabulae
            
             ,
             which
             as
             well
             Strangers
             as
             Subjects
             had
             there
             laid
             up
             in
             Sanctuary
             .
             But
             these
             are
             not
             the
             conditions
             of
             Princes
             of
             our
             times
             only
             :
             for
             in
             the
             lives
             of
             
               Caligula
               ,
               Nero
            
             ,
             and
             
               Vespasian
               ,
               Suetonius
            
             of
             them
             severally
             writeth
             ,
             
               Exhaustus
               &
               egenus
               Calumniis
               ●apinisque
               intendit
               animum
               ,
            
             being
             drawn
             dry
             and
             grown
             poor
             ,
             they
             bent
             their
             minds
             to
             Calumnies
             and
             Rapines
             .
             For
             
               Perniciosa
               res
               est
               in
               Imperante
               tenuitas
               ,
            
             Want
             in
             a
             Prince
             is
             a
             dangerous
             thing
             ;
             and
             as
             Theodoricus
             said
             ,
             
               Periculosissimum
               animal
               est
               Rex
               pauper
            
             ,
             a
             Poor
             King
             is
             the
             most
             dangerous
             creature
             living
             .
          
           
             It
             hath
             abated
             the
             Regalities
             of
             Houses
             ;
             an
             .
             16.
             
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             and
             18.
             b
             of
             Henry
             6.
             when
             as
             well
             from
             want
             of
             means
             ,
             as
             the
             Subjects
             Petitions
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             (
             for
             
               Expeditissi●a
               est
               ratio
               augendi
               Census
               detrahere
               Sumpti●us
               ,
            
             the
             readiest
             way
             to
             raise
             the
             Revenue
             is
             to
             take
             down
             Expences
             ,
             )
             they
             have
             much
             lessened
             their
             Hospitality
             ;
             their
             Tables
             being
             either
             defrayed
             by
             their
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             of
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ,
             or
             as
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             when
             by
             necessity
             c
             
               ita
               consueta
               Regalis
               Mensae
               hospitalitas
               abbreviata
               fuit
               ,
               ut
               (
               postposita
               solita
               verecundia
               )
               cum
               Abbatibus
               ,
               Clericis
               ,
               &
               viris
               satis
               humilibus
               hospitia
               quaesivit
               &
               prandia
            
             ;
             the
             wonted
             hospitality
             of
             the
             Kings
             Table
             was
             sunk
             so
             low
             ,
             that
             (
             without
             farther
             shame
             )
             he
             many
             times
             lodged
             and
             dietted
             with
             Abbots
             ,
             Clerks
             ,
             and
             very
             mean
             Persons
             .
          
           
           
             It
             hath
             caused
             our
             Kings
             to
             sell
             and
             alien●…
             
             the
             possessions
             of
             the
             Crown
             :
             as
             Henry
             the
             thi●…
             a
             who
             gave
             to
             Edward
             his
             son
             
               Licentiam
               〈◊〉
               pignorundi
               terram
               Vasconiae
            
             ,
             leave
             to
             pawn
             〈◊〉
             Duchy
             of
             Gascoign
             ;
             And
             caused
             himself
             〈◊〉
             long
             after
             by
             the
             like
             occasions
             ,
             to
             sell
             〈◊〉
             300000
             l.
             (
             except
             some
             pittances
             reserved
             )
             〈◊〉
             b
             entire
             Signiory
             of
             Normandy
             .
             What
             〈◊〉
             late
             Mistris
             and
             her
             Father
             did
             ,
             is
             yet
             fresh
             〈◊〉
             memory
             .
             But
             this
             mischief
             hath
             trenched
             〈◊〉
             into
             the
             Fortunes
             and
             Affections
             of
             the
             Subje●…
             when
             Princes
             to
             repair
             the
             breach
             of
             their
             〈◊〉
             Revenues
             ,
             have
             often
             resumed
             the
             possessions
             〈◊〉
             their
             people
             ;
             as
             c
             Edward
             the
             second
             an
             .
             5
             ,
             〈◊〉
             &
             10.
             
             
               Omnes
               donationes
               per
               Regem
               factas
               〈◊〉
               damnum
               &
               diminutionem
               Regis
               &
               Coronae
               〈◊〉
            
             all
             the
             Grants
             made
             by
             the
             King
             to
             the
             lesse●…
             and
             prejudicing
             of
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Crow●…
             d
             Richard
             the
             second
             anno
             1.
             did
             the
             like
             of●…
             Grants
             made
             to
             unworthy
             persons
             by
             his
             Gran●…
             father
             ,
             and
             recalled
             all
             Patents
             dated
             since
             〈◊〉
             fortieth
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             .
             Thus
             did
             Henry
             〈◊〉
             e
             an
             .
             1.
             and
             f
             Hen.
             6.
             in
             the
             twenty
             eighth
             〈◊〉
             his
             Reign
             ,
             Edward
             4.
             in
             anno
             3.
             and
             12.
             
             A●…
             Hen.
             7.
             in
             an
             .
             3.
             with
             all
             Offices
             of
             his
             Cro●…
             granted
             either
             by
             the
             Usurper
             or
             his
             Broth●…
             Neither
             is
             this
             in
             it self
             unjust
             ,
             since
             as
             well
             〈◊〉
             reason
             of
             State
             as
             Rules
             of
             best
             Government
             ,
             〈◊〉
             Revenues
             and
             Profits
             g
             
               quae
               ad
               sacrum
               Pa●…
               monium
               Principis
               pertinent
               ,
            
             which
             belong
             to
             〈◊〉
             sacred
             Patrimony
             of
             the
             Prince
             ,
             should
             remain
             〈◊〉
             and
             unbroken
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             neither
             Credit
             ,
             Frugality
             ,
             or
             S●…
             
             of
             Lands
             would
             stop
             the
             gulf
             of
             want
             ,
             o●…
             Princes
             have
             been
             so
             near
             beset
             ,
             as
             with
             Ner●…
             
             ●…d
             Antonius
             the
             Emperours
             to
             sell
             and
             
             pawn
             ●…eir
             Jewels
             .
             The
             Archbishop
             of
             York
             had
             ●…ower
             from
             Henry
             the
             third
             an
             .
             26.
             a
             (
             in
             wa●s
             ●…yond
             Sea
             )
             
               impignorandi
               Jocalia
               Regis
               ubi●…nque
               in
               Anglia
               pro
               pecunia
               perquirenda
               ,
            
             to
             ●…wn
             the
             Kings
             Jewels
             any
             where
             in
             England
             to
             ●…ise
             money
             .
             b
             Edward
             the
             first
             sendeth
             
               Egi●…ius
               Andevar
               ad
               Jocalia
               sua
               impignoranda
               ,
            
             to
             ●…awn
             his
             Jewels
             .
             c
             Edward
             the
             third
             pawn●…h
             his
             Jewels
             to
             pay
             the
             
               L.
               Beaumont
            
             and
             the
             ●…rangers
             their
             wages
             in
             war.
             The
             Black
             d
             Prince
             was
             constrained
             to
             break
             his
             Plate
             into
             Mo●…ey
             to
             pay
             his
             Souldiers
             .
          
           
             e
             Richard
             the
             second
             pawned
             
               Vasa
               aurea
               &
               ●…iversa
               Jocalia
            
             ,
             Vessels
             of
             Gold
             and
             divers
             ●…ewels
             to
             Sir
             
               Robert
               Knowles
            
             .
             f
             Henry
             the
             ●…urth
             anno
             3.
             to
             a
             Merchant
             for
             money
             
               invadi●…vit
               Tabellam
               &
               Triscllas
               suas
               Argenteas
               de
               ●…ispania
               ,
            
             ingaged
             his
             Tablet
             and
             stools
             of
             Silver
             which
             he
             had
             from
             Spain
             .
             g
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ●…ageth
             and
             selleth
             to
             the
             Cardinal
             of
             
             Winchester
             ●…nd
             others
             
               an
               .
               10
               ,
               12
               ,
               and
            
             29.
             h
             many
             par●…els
             of
             his
             rich
             Jewels
             .
             And
             the
             late
             Queen
             in
             ●…e
             end
             of
             her
             dayes
             (
             to
             ease
             her
             Subjects
             )
             did
             the
             ●…ke
             with
             many
             in
             the
             Tower.
             
          
           
             And
             Extremity
             hath
             yet
             stretched
             some
             of
             our
             
             Kings
             to
             so
             high
             a
             strain
             of
             Shift
             ,
             that
             
             Edward
             ●…e
             third
             i
             
               invadiavit
               magnam
               Coronam
               An●…liae
            
             ,
             pawned
             his
             Imperial
             Crown
             three
             several
             ●…mes
             ;
             
               an
               .
               17.
               in
               partibus
               transmarinis
            
             in
             for●…aign
             parts
             ,
             and
             twice
             to
             Sir
             
               John
               W●senham
            
             his
             ●…erchant
             ,
             first
             in
             the
             k
             twenty
             fourth
             ,
             and
             ●…fter
             l
             an
             .
             30.
             in
             whose
             custody
             it
             remained
             ●…ight
             years
             .
             To
             
               Henry
               Bishop
            
             of
             
               Winchester
               Henry
            
             the
             fifth
             
               invadiavit
               magnam
               Coronam
               auream
            
             ,
             
             gaged
             his
             Imperial
             Crown
             of
             Gold
             in
             〈◊〉
             fifth
             of
             his
             Reign
             .
             And
             when
             Henry
             the
             thi●…
             had
             laid
             to
             gage
             a
             
               omnia
               Insignia
               Regalia
            
             ,
             〈◊〉
             his
             Robes
             and
             Kingly
             Ornaments
             ,
             and
             upon
             assurance
             of
             redelivery
             or
             satisfaction
             had
             pawne●…
             
               Aurum
               &
               Jocalia
               Feretri
               S.
               Edwardi
               Confess●…ris
               ,
            
             the
             Gold
             and
             Jewels
             belonging
             to
             the
             Shri●…
             of
             S.
             Edward
             the
             Confessour
             ,
             (
             A
             course
             mo●…
             moderate
             than
             by
             force
             to
             have
             taken
             ,
             as
             Willi●…
             the
             Conquerour
             did
             the
             Chalices
             and
             Shrines
             〈◊〉
             other
             Churches
             ,
             or
             as
             b
             Clement
             the
             seventh●…
             who
             to
             pay
             the
             Souldiers
             of
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             me●…ed
             the
             Consecrated
             Vessels
             )
             was
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             wh●…
             he
             had
             neither
             means
             of
             his
             own
             left
             nor
             reputatio●…
             with
             others
             ,
             constrained
             to
             beg
             relief
             of
             his
             Subject●…
             in
             this
             low
             strain
             ,
             (
             c
             )
             
               Pauper
               sum
               ,
               omni
               destitu●…
            
             
             
               The
               sauro
               ;
               necesse
               habeo
               ut
               me
               juvetis
               :
               nec
               aliqui●…
               erigo
               nisi
               per
               gratiam
               :
            
             I
             am
             poor
             ,
             and
             have
             〈◊〉
             Treasure
             left
             ;
             ye
             must
             needs
             relieve
             me
             :
             neither
             d●…
             I
             demand
             any
             thing
             but
             of
             your
             meer
             love
             and
             courtesie
             :
             And
             turning
             to
             the
             Abbot
             of
             Ramsey
             ,
             to
             say
             ,
             
               Amice
               ,
               obnixe
               supplico
               quatenus
               me
               juvas
               mi●…
               centum
               libras
               conferendo
               ,
            
             My
             friend
             ,
             I
             beseec●…
             thee
             for
             Gods
             sake
             to
             help
             me
             with
             an
             hundred
             pound
             :
             adding
             withall
             
               majorem
               Eleemosyn●…
               fore
               sibi
               juvamen
               conferre
               pecuniamve
               ,
               qu●…
               alicui
               ostiatim
               mendicanti
               ,
            
             that
             it
             would
             be
             a
             greater
             deed
             of
             Charity
             to
             contribute
             to
             his
             Wants
             ,
             than
             to
             give
             to
             one
             that
             begged
             from
             door
             to
             door
             .
             So
             that
             of
             the
             waste
             of
             these
             time●…
             and
             want
             of
             those
             Princes
             I
             may
             truly
             with
             the
             Satyrist
             say
             ,
             
               
                 Ossa
                 vides
                 Regum
                 vacuis
                 exuta
                 medullis
                 .
              
            
             Thou
             seest
             the
             Bones
             of
             Kings
             spoil'd
             of
             their
             Marrow
             .
          
           
           
             IT
             now
             resteth
             by
             some
             few
             particulars
             to
             observe
             
             with
             what
             Wealth
             we
             have
             returned
             ●ome
             ,
             loaden
             with
             the
             Spoils
             of
             our
             Enemies
             ;
             ●ince
             no
             motives
             are
             so
             powerful
             to
             the
             Common
             greedy
             People
             as
             the
             hopes
             of
             gain
             ,
             which
             will
             ●asily
             enforce
             them
          
           
             
               a
               Ire
               super
               gladios
               ,
               superque
               Cadavera
               patrum
               ,
            
             
               Et
               caesos
               calcare
               Duces
               ,
               —
            
          
           
             
               Tread
               upon
               Swords
               ,
               and
               on
               their
               Fathers
               Graves
               ,
            
             
               And
               spurn
               their
               slaughter'd
               Captains
               —
            
          
           
             In
             the
             Expeditions
             of
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             their
             purchases
             were
             so
             great
             ,
             that
             the
             b
             Londoners
             were
             more
             grieved
             at
             the
             intolerable
             Beggeries
             that
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Army
             brought
             back
             ,
             than
             for
             the
             expence
             of
             their
             own
             moneys
             :
             For
             
               Cum
               labor
               in
               damno
               est
               crescit
               mortalis
               egestas
               ,
            
             When
             Toil
             brings
             Loss
             ,
             Begg'ry
             must
             needs
             increase
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             King
             ,
             although
             called
             in
             by
             the
             Nobility
             of
             France
             c
             in
             Faction
             against
             their
             Master
             ,
             returned
             no
             better
             rewarded
             than
             
               Consumpta
               pecunia
               infinita
               ,
               &
               Nobilibus
               &
               Militibus
               innumer
               abilibus
               vel
               Morti
               datis
               vel
               infirmitati
               ,
               vel
               fame
               attenuatis
               ,
               vel
               ad
               extremam
               redactis
               paupertatem
               ,
            
             with
             the
             having
             spent
             an
             infinite
             deal
             of
             money
             ,
             his
             Nobles
             and
             Souldiers
             without
             
             number
             being
             either
             slain
             ,
             or
             sickly
             ,
             〈◊〉
             maimed
             ,
             or
             half-starved
             ,
             or
             else
             reduced
             to
             〈◊〉
             tream
             poverty
             .
          
           
             Innocentius
             the
             Pope
             repayed
             the
             expence
             〈◊〉
             Henry
             the
             third
             and
             his
             people
             in
             his
             Sicilian
             S●…vice
             with
             no
             better
             wages
             than
             this
             Scoffe
             ,
             Th●…
             England
             was
             a
             
               Puteus
               inexhaust
               us
               quem
               〈◊〉
               lus
               poterat
               exsiccare
               ,
            
             a
             Well
             not
             to
             be
             emp●…
             which
             no
             man
             could
             draw
             dry
             .
             What
             the
             succeeding
             times
             afforded
             may
             be
             well
             gathered
             o●…
             of
             the
             many
             Petitions
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             in
             the
             twenty
             second
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             the
             fourth
             and
             seventh
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             the
             eighth
             of
             Henry●…
             the
             fifth
             ,
             and
             tenth
             of
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ,
             ever
             complaining
             of
             the
             extream
             Beggery
             the
             people
             brought
             home
             ,
             and
             desiring
             some
             speedy
             Relief
             .
          
           
             The
             Treasure
             b
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             spent
             in
             aid
             of
             Matoimilian
             about
             recovery
             of
             
               Veron●…
               nullum
               aliud
               factum
               nisi
               damnum
               &
               dedec●…
               peperit
               ,
            
             brought
             him
             nothing
             else
             but
             Loss
             and
             Dishonour
             .
             For
             the
             Emperour
             having
             his
             turn
             served
             ,
             delivered
             contrary
             to
             Contract
             ,
             that
             City
             to
             the
             French
             ,
             threatning
             to
             Confederate
             with
             them
             ,
             
               ni
               Rex
               ei
               continuo
               persolveret
            
             ,
             unless
             the
             King
             would
             forthwith
             pay
             him
             down
             a
             great
             summ
             of
             money
             ;
             believing
             as
             the
             words
             are
             )
             
               Minis
               &
               terrore
               ab
               hoc
               Rege
               pecuniam
               posse
               haberi
               ,
            
             that
             this
             King
             would
             part
             with
             his
             money
             upon
             threatnings
             and
             great
             words
             .
             For
             the
             great
             Army
             of
             this
             King
             sent
             over
             into
             France
             ,
             and
             the
             Million
             almost
             of
             Crowns
             he
             supplied
             the
             Emperour
             and
             Duke
             of
             Bourbon
             with
             in
             their
             wars
             of
             Millan
             ,
             his
             People
             enduring
             new
             and
             unheard
             of
             Taxes
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             his
             Souldiers
             great
             Extremity
             abroad
             ,
             
             he
             was
             himself
             at
             the
             last
             of
             all
             ,
             (
             their
             ends
             effe●●ed
             )
             having
             spent
             the
             Treasure
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             ●nd
             the
             Bounty
             of
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             forsaken
             and
             ●●st
             as
             the
             Pasquil
             painted
             him
             ,
             
               inter
               Maysem
               ,
               ●hristum
               &
               Mahumetem
               ,
            
             betwixt
             Moses
             ,
             Christ
             ●nd
             Mahomet
             ,
             with
             this
             word
             ,
             
               Quo
               me
               vertam
               ●●scio
            
             ,
             Which
             way
             to
             turn
             me
             I
             know
             not
             .
             For
             ●wo
             Millions
             of
             a
             Crowns
             bestowed
             in
             purchase
             ●f
             Tournay
             ,
             not
             without
             suit
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             he
             deli●ered
             it
             with
             little
             or
             no
             recompence
             :
             and
             rated
             ●is
             potential
             Interest
             of
             France
             at
             no
             greater
             ●umm
             than
             an
             Annuity
             b
             of
             100000
             Crowns
             .
             What
             from
             the
             thirtieth
             of
             this
             King
             until
             the
             last
             ●f
             his
             son
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             for
             c
             3173478
             
               l.
               ●5
               s.
               4
               d.
            
             spent
             at
             Sea
             and
             Land
             in
             Forraign
             wars
             ,
             his
             State
             received
             of
             inrichment
             ,
             it
             seemeth
             so
             ●ean
             ,
             as
             not
             worthy
             any
             place
             either
             in
             Story
             or
             Accompts
             .
          
           
             Until
             the
             late
             Queen
             was
             drawn
             into
             wars
             ,
             ●he
             had
             in
             Treasure
             700000
             l.
             but
             after
             she
             was
             ●nce
             intangled
             ,
             it
             cost
             her
             before
             the
             thirtieth
             of
             ●er
             Reign
             1517351
             l.
             at
             which
             time
             she
             was
             but
             ●ntering
             into
             the
             vastness
             of
             her
             future
             Charge
             :
             For
             the
             annual
             expence
             of
             126000
             l.
             in
             the
             Low-Countries
             ,
             from
             1587.
             until
             1593.
             the
             yearly
             disbursement
             for
             d
             Flushing
             and
             the
             
               Brill
               ●8482
               l.
            
             the
             debts
             of
             the
             States
             800000
             l.
             and
             the
             Aides
             of
             the
             French
             King
             since
             he
             attained
             to
             that
             Crown
             to
             above
             401734
             l.
             was
             after
             that
             time
             .
             Thus
             by
             reason
             of
             war
             ,
             besides
             Taxes
             upon
             her
             People
             to
             the
             Summ
             of
             two
             Millions
             ,
             and
             eight
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             by
             Subsidies
             ,
             Tenths
             and
             Fifteens
             ,
             she
             hath
             spent
             of
             her
             Lands
             ,
             Jewels
             and
             Revenues
             an
             infinite
             proportion
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             the
             imaginary
             Profit
             grown
             by
             th●…
             many
             rich
             Spoils
             at
             Sea
             and
             Attempts
             in
             Spain
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             well
             cast
             up
             by
             two
             examples
             of
             o●…
             best
             Fortunes
             .
             The
             Journey
             of
             Cales
             a
             defrayed
             not
             the
             Charge
             to
             her
             Majesty
             by
             64000●…
             And
             our
             times
             of
             most
             advantage
             by
             Prizes
             between
             b
             anno
             30
             ,
             and
             34
             of
             the
             Queen
             ,
             wherein
             we
             received
             but
             64044
             l.
             defrayed
             not
             the
             Charge
             of
             her
             Navy
             ,
             arising
             in
             the
             same
             yea●
             to
             275761
             l.
             As
             to
             the
             greatest
             Loss
             ,
             expence
             of
             Christian
             Blood
             ,
             it
             may
             well
             susfice
             to
             bemo●…
             with
             *
             Horace
             ,
          
           
             
               
                 Parumne
                 Campis
                 atque
                 Neptuno
                 superfusum
                 est
                 Latini
                 sanguinis
                 ?
              
            
             
               
                 Neque
                 hic
                 Lupis
                 mos
                 nec
                 fuit
                 Leonibus
                 Unquam
                 ,
                 nisi
                 in
                 dispar
                 ,
                 feris
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               Is
               there
               as
               yet
               so
               little
               Latine
               Blood
            
             
               Spilt
               on
               the
               Fields
               and
               Floods
               ?
            
             
               Nor
               Wolves
               nor
               Lions
               do
               we
               ever
               find
            
             
               So
               cruel
               to
               their
               kind
               .
            
          
           
             THe
             last
             motive
             from
             Utility
             is
             increase
             of
             Revenues
             to
             the
             publick
             Treasury
             by
             addition
             
             of
             Forreign
             Dominions
             .
             Which
             can
             receive
             no
             answer
             so
             full
             of
             satisfaction
             ,
             as
             to
             instance
             the
             particular
             Summs
             ,
             exhausted
             in
             every
             Age
             to
             retain
             them
             .
             Beginning
             first
             with
             the
             Duchi●
             
             of
             Normandy
             :
             For
             retention
             whereof
             William
             the
             Conquerour
             from
             hence
             ,
             (
             as
             the
             c
             Author
             saith
             )
             laden
             
               Thesauris
               innumeris
            
             ,
             with
             unaccountable
             Treasure
             ,
             exacted
             
               sive
               per
               fa●
               sive
               per
               nefas
               ,
               in
               Normanniam
               transfretavit
               ,
            
             gathered
             together
             by
             hook
             or
             by
             crook
             ,
             wafted
             
             over
             into
             Normandy
             .
             His
             Son
             a
             
               ad
               retinendam
               Normanniam
               ,
               Angliam
               excoriavit
               ,
            
             to
             retain
             Normandy
             flayed
             off
             Englands
             skin
             .
             To
             the
             same
             end
             by
             b
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             
               Anglia
               fuit
               bonis
               spoliata
               ,
               England
            
             was
             despoiled
             of
             its
             Goods
             .
             His
             c
             Grand-child
             took
             
               Scutagium
               pro
               Exercitu
               Normanniae
            
             ,
             a
             Scutage
             for
             his
             army
             in
             Normandy
             three
             times
             at
             a
             high
             rate
             :
             and
             was
             inforced
             then
             against
             incursions
             of
             the
             French
             to
             build
             and
             man
             d
             thirteen
             Castles
             
               de
               novo
               &
               integro
            
             ,
             intirely
             new
             .
          
           
             Richard
             the
             first
             e
             exacted
             heavily
             upon
             his
             people
             ,
             
               ut
               potentes
               homines
               Regis
               Franciae
               sibi
               conciliaret
               ,
               ut
               terram
               propriam
               Normanniae
               tutaretur
               ,
            
             therewith
             to
             make
             himself
             friends
             amongst
             the
             most
             powerful
             Courtiers
             of
             France
             ,
             so
             to
             keep
             quietly
             his
             possessions
             in
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             King
             John
             f
             as
             wearied
             with
             the
             Charge
             neglected
             it
             :
             And
             his
             Son
             g
             feeling
             a
             burden
             more
             than
             benefit
             ,
             resigned
             his
             interest
             there
             for
             a
             little
             Money
             .
             When
             it
             was
             again
             reduced
             by
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             ,
             h
             the
             judgement
             in
             Council
             was
             ,
             That
             the
             keeping
             of
             it
             would
             be
             no
             less
             of
             expence
             than
             to
             war
             forth
             for
             all
             France
             .
             In
             the
             quiet
             possession
             of
             his
             Son
             Henry
             i
             
               (
               John
               Duke
            
             of
             Bedford
             then
             Regent
             )
             this
             Duchy
             cost
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             10942
             l.
             yearly
             .
             k
             In
             an
             .
             10.
             ●…t
             appeareth
             by
             the
             Accompts
             of
             the
             Lord
             Crom●…wel
             Treasurer
             of
             England
             ,
             that
             out
             of
             the
             Kings
             Exchequer
             at
             Westminster
             the
             entertain●…ent
             of
             the
             Garrison
             and
             Governour
             was
             de●…rayed
             ,
             the
             Rents
             of
             the
             Duchy
             not
             supporting
             ●…he
             charge
             ordinary
             .
             l
             When
             
               Richard
               Duke
            
             of
             York
             was
             in
             the
             fifteenth
             year
             of
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ●…egent
             ,
             the
             certain
             Expence
             over-ballanced
             the
             
             Receipt
             34008
             l.
             And
             an
             .
             27.
             a
             the
             Lord
             
               Hastings
               Chancellour
            
             of
             France
             declareth
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             that
             Normandy
             was
             not
             able
             to
             maintain
             it self
             .
             But
             thus
             it
             continued
             not
             much
             longer
             ;
             for
             this
             Crown
             was
             both
             eased
             of
             the
             Duchy
             and
             Charge
             shortly
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Principality
             of
             Aquitain
             ,
             the
             Duchy
             
             of
             
               Gascoign
               ,
               Guien
            
             and
             the
             Members
             ,
             I
             find
             the
             state
             thus
             in
             record
             .
             In
             the
             twenty
             sixth
             of
             Henry
             the
             third
             .
             b
             there
             was
             issued
             from
             the
             Treasurer
             and
             Chamberlains
             at
             
               Westminster
               10000
               l.
            
             for
             payments
             in
             Gascoign
             ;
             besides
             an
             infinite
             proportion
             of
             Victuals
             and
             Munition
             thither
             sent
             .
             To
             retain
             this
             Duchy
             in
             Duty
             and
             possession
             ,
             c
             this
             King
             was
             inforced
             to
             pawn
             his
             Jewels
             ,
             being
             
               are
               alieno
               graviter
               obligatus
               ,
               Thesauris
               ,
               Donativis
               ,
               Tallagiis
               ,
               &
               extortionibus
               in
               Anglia
               consumptis
            
             ;
             very
             much
             indebted
             ,
             and
             having
             spent
             all
             his
             Treasures
             ,
             Grants
             ,
             Tallages
             ,
             and
             other
             Extortions
             in
             England
             .
             Besides
             the
             people
             there
             at
             his
             departure
             
               extorserunt
               ab
               eo
               confessionem
               quadraginta
               millia
               Marcarum
               ,
            
             forced
             an
             acknowledgment
             from
             him
             of
             40000
             Marks
             .
             And
             a
             Story
             of
             that
             time
             saith
             of
             anno
             38.
             
             d
             
               Ille
               per
               multos
               labores
               &
               expensas
               inutiliter
               recuperavit
               Castra
               sua
               propria
               Vasconiae
               ,
            
             with
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             toile
             and
             expence
             ,
             he
             unprofitably
             recovered
             his
             own
             Castles
             in
             Gascoign
             ;
             of
             which
             the
             Labour
             was
             more
             than
             ever
             the
             Benefit
             could
             be
             .
          
           
             And
             thus
             it
             appeareth
             to
             have
             continued
             ;
             for
             an
             .
             17.
             e
             of
             Edward
             the
             second
             ,
             the
             money
             disbursed
             out
             of
             England
             to
             defray
             the
             surcharge
             there
             came
             to
             46595
             l.
             9
             shillings
             7
             d.
             besides
             29660
             Quarters
             of
             Grain
             ,
             and
             of
             Beeves
             and
             
             Bacons
             an
             infinite
             proportion
             .
             In
             the
             first
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             a
             the
             issues
             of
             Gascoign
             were
             10000
             l.
             above
             the
             Revenues
             .
             The
             Signiories
             in
             Aquitain
             b
             cost
             in
             eight
             years
             ,
             ending
             the
             thirty
             sixth
             of
             this
             King
             ,
             192599
             
               l.
               4
               shill
               .
               5
               d.
               de
               receptis
               forinsecis
            
             only
             ,
             it
             was
             delivered
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             
               an
               .
               1
               Rich.
            
             2.
             c
             that
             Gascoign
             ,
             and
             some
             few
             other
             places
             that
             were
             then
             held
             in
             France
             ,
             cost
             yearly
             this
             Crown
             42000
             l.
             And
             in
             the
             seventeenth
             of
             this
             King
             d
             a
             Parliament
             was
             summoned
             for
             no
             other
             cause
             especial
             ,
             than
             to
             provide
             money
             to
             clear
             the
             annual
             expences
             of
             those
             parts
             .
             The
             charge
             of
             Bordeaux
             e
             but
             one
             Town
             ,
             surmounting
             in
             half
             a
             year
             all
             Rents
             and
             perquisites
             there
             2232
             l.
             As
             Fronsack
             in
             
               Aquitain
               5787
               l.
            
             for
             double
             that
             time
             ;
             when
             the
             intire
             Duchy
             exceeded
             not
             820
             l.
             in
             yearly
             Revenues
             .
          
           
             The
             Charge
             of
             Guien
             all
             the
             Reign
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             f
             was
             2200
             l.
             annually
             out
             of
             the
             Exchequer
             of
             England
             .
             By
             accompt
             Aquitain
             (
             besides
             
               Guien
               6606
               l.
            
             )
             was
             the
             g
             first
             of
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             in
             surplusage
             of
             charge
             11200
             l.
             and
             the
             Town
             of
             h
             Bordeaux
             the
             five
             first
             years
             of
             the
             same
             King
             6815
             l.
             In
             the
             eleventh
             of
             i
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             ,
             Sir
             
               John
               Ratcliffe
            
             Steward
             of
             Aquitain
             received
             from
             the
             Treasury
             of
             
               England
               pro
               vadiis
               suis
            
             ,
             &c.
             2729
             l.
             and
             for
             expence
             in
             custody
             of
             Fronsack
             Castle
             only
             he
             payed
             666
             
               l.
               13
               shill
            
             .
             the
             profits
             of
             the
             Duchy
             no
             wayes
             able
             to
             clear
             the
             Accompts
             .
          
           
             The
             Benefit
             we
             reaped
             by
             any
             footing
             in
             Britany
             ,
             
             may
             in
             a
             few
             Examples
             appear
             .
             k
             Henry
             the
             third
             confesseth
             that
             
               ad
               defensionem
               Britanniae
               non
               sufficiebant
               Angliae
               Thesauri
               ,
               quod
               jam
               
               per
               triennium
               comprobavit
               ,
            
             that
             the
             Treasure
             of
             England
             would
             not
             suffice
             to
             maintain
             Britany
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             found
             to
             be
             true
             upon
             three
             years
             tryal
             :
             and
             left
             in
             the
             end
             
               tam
               laboriosis
               expensis
               amplius
               fatigari
            
             ,
             to
             tire
             himself
             farther
             with
             such
             
             toil
             some
             expences
             .
          
           
             The
             Town
             of
             Brest
             a
             cost
             Richard
             the
             second
             12000
             marks
             a
             year
             ,
             and
             it
             stood
             him
             in
             an
             .
             9.
             in
             13118
             
               l.
               18
               shill
            
             .
          
           
             For
             Callis
             ,
             I
             will
             deliver
             with
             as
             much
             shortness
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             from
             the
             first
             acquisition
             until
             the
             loss
             ,
             in
             every
             age
             the
             Expence
             (
             for
             the
             most
             part
             either
             out
             of
             the
             Treasury
             or
             Customes
             of
             
               England
               ,
            
             )
             disbursed
             .
             b
             From
             the
             eighteenth
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             until
             the
             one
             and
             twentieth
             ,
             in
             which
             space
             it
             was
             taken
             ,
             the
             charge
             amounted
             to
             337400
             
               l.
               9
               shill
               .
               4
               d.
               Anno
            
             28.
             of
             the
             same
             King
             for
             little
             more
             than
             a
             year
             17847
             
               l.
               5
               shillings
            
             .
             In
             
               anno
               29.
               30581
               l.
               18
               d.
            
             for
             two
             years
             compleat
             .
             c
             In
             the
             thirtieth
             received
             by
             
               Richard
               de
               Eccleshal
            
             Treasurer
             of
             Callis
             from
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Winchester
             Treasurer
             of
             
               England
               ,
               17847
               l.
            
             d
             And
             in
             the
             year
             following
             26355
             
               l.
               15
               shill
            
             .
             e
             In
             the
             second
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             
               de
               receptis
               forinscecis
            
             ,
             which
             was
             money
             from
             the
             Exchequer
             at
             
               Westminster
               ,
               20000
               l.
            
             for
             three
             years
             compleat
             .
             f
             
               Anno
               5.
               19783
               l.
            
             For
             three
             years
             ending
             g
             
               anno
               10.
               77375
               l.
            
             For
             the
             like
             term
             until
             
               an
               .
               13.
               48609
               l.
               8
               shill
               .
            
             And
             h
             for
             the
             four
             succeeding
             years
             90297
             
               l.
               19
               shill
            
             .
             And
             for
             the
             last
             three
             years
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             85643
             l.
             
          
           
             From
             the
             end
             of
             i
             Richard
             the
             second
             until
             the
             fourth
             of
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             for
             three
             years
             k
             62655
             
               l.
               17
               shillings
            
             .
             And
             for
             one
             succeeding
             ,
             
             19783
             l.
             The
             Charge
             in
             Victual
             and
             Provision
             for
             two
             years
             five
             months
             in
             this
             Kings
             Reign
             a
             46519
             
               l.
               15.
               shillings
            
             .
          
           
             In
             the
             first
             four
             and
             peaceable
             years
             of
             his
             Son
             there
             was
             issued
             from
             the
             Treasury
             of
             England
             b
             86938
             
               l.
               10
               shill
            
             .
             for
             this
             place
             .
             And
             from
             anno
             8.
             until
             the
             9.
             65363
             l.
             It
             cost
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             c
             above
             all
             Revenue
             9054
             
               l.
               5
               shill
            
             .
             in
             an
             .
             11.
             
             The
             Subsidies
             in
             England
             were
             an
             .
             27.
             d
             levied
             in
             Parliament
             to
             defray
             the
             wages
             and
             reparation
             of
             Callis
             .
             And
             the
             e
             one
             and
             thirtieth
             of
             this
             King
             there
             was
             a
             Fifteen
             and
             2
             shill
             .
             of
             every
             Sack
             of
             Wool
             imposed
             upon
             the
             Subjects
             here
             to
             the
             same
             end
             .
             f
             And
             the
             Parliament
             of
             33.
             was
             assembled
             of
             purpose
             to
             order
             a
             course
             for
             discharge
             of
             wages
             and
             expence
             at
             Callis
             :
             and
             the
             like
             authority
             directed
             the
             fourth
             of
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             ,
             g
             that
             the
             Souldiers
             there
             should
             receive
             Victuals
             ,
             and
             salary
             from
             out
             of
             the
             Subsidies
             of
             England
             .
             The
             disbursement
             thereof
             one
             year
             being
             12771
             l.
             h
             And
             in
             the
             sixteenth
             of
             the
             same
             King
             for
             like
             term
             there
             was
             
               de
               Portu
               London
               ,
               Hull
               ,
               Sancti
               Botolphi
               ,
               Poole
               ,
               &
               Sandwico
               ,
            
             by
             the
             Ports
             of
             
               London
               ,
               Hull
               ,
               Boston
               ,
               Pool
               ,
               and
               Sandwich
               ,
               12488
               l.
            
             paid
             to
             the
             Treasury
             of
             Callis
             .
             i
             And
             in
             an
             .
             20.
             from
             out
             of
             the
             Customes
             of
             the
             same
             Ports
             to
             the
             same
             end
             12290
             
               l.
               18
               shill
            
             .
             k
             And
             in
             22.
             11102
             l.
             And
             the
             year
             following
             10788
             l.
             The
             setled
             ordinary
             wages
             of
             the
             Garrison
             in
             this
             Town
             yearly
             was
             24
             Hen.
             8.
             l
             8834
             l.
             And
             about
             the
             thirtieth
             ,
             when
             the
             Viscount
             Lisle
             was
             
               Deputy
               ,
               8117
               l.
            
             And
             from
             the
             thirtieth
             of
             this
             King
             to
             the
             end
             of
             his
             Son
             Edw.
             6.
             this
             place
             did
             cost
             the
             Crown
             371428
             
               l.
               18
               shill
            
             .
             From
             the
             first
             purchase
             of
             it
             by
             Edw.
             3.
             until
             the
             loss
             
             thereof
             by
             
               Queen
               Mary
            
             ,
             it
             was
             ever
             a
             perpetual
             issue
             of
             the
             Treasure
             of
             this
             Land
             ,
             which
             might
             in
             continuance
             have
             rather
             grown
             to
             be
             a
             burthen
             of
             Danger
             to
             us
             ,
             than
             any
             Fort
             of
             Security
             .
             For
             from
             the
             waste
             of
             money
             ,
             which
             is
             
               Nervus
               Reipublicae
            
             ,
             the
             Sinew
             of
             a
             Common-wealth
             ,
             as
             Ulpian
             saith
             ,
             we
             may
             conclude
             with
             
               Tacitus
               ,
               Dissolutionem
               Imperii
               docet
               ,
               si
               fructus
               quibus
               Respub
               .
               sustinetur
               diminuantur
               ,
            
             it
             foreshews
             the
             ruine
             of
             an
             Empire
             ,
             if
             that
             be
             impaired
             which
             should
             be
             the
             sustenance
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             .
             And
             therefore
             it
             was
             not
             the
             worst
             opinion
             (
             at
             such
             time
             as
             the
             Captivity
             of
             Francis
             the
             French
             King
             incited
             a
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             to
             put
             off
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             although
             in
             the
             close
             
               major
               pars
               vicit
               meliorem
            
             ,
             the
             greater
             party
             out-voted
             the
             better
             ,
             )
             that
             to
             gain
             any
             thing
             in
             France
             would
             be
             more
             chargeable
             than
             profitable
             ,
             and
             the
             keeping
             more
             than
             the
             enjoying
             .
             The
             issue
             was
             in
             
               Tournay
               ,
               Bullen
            
             ,
             and
             this
             Town
             manifest
             .
             Besides
             the
             jealousie
             that
             Nation
             ever
             held
             over
             our
             designes
             and
             their
             own
             liberty
             .
             For
             as
             
               Graecia
               libera
               esse
               non
               potuit
               dum
               Philippus
               Graeciae
               Compedes
               tenuit
               ,
               Greece
            
             could
             never
             be
             free
             so
             long
             as
             Philip
             had
             the
             Fetters
             of
             Greece
             in
             his
             custody
             ;
             so
             as
             long
             as
             by
             retention
             of
             Callis
             we
             had
             an
             easie
             descent
             into
             ,
             and
             convenient
             place
             to
             trouble
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             a
             Fetter
             to
             intangle
             them
             ,
             they
             neither
             had
             assurance
             of
             their
             own
             quiet
             ,
             nor
             we
             of
             their
             Amity
             .
             And
             it
             was
             not
             the
             least
             Argument
             from
             Conveniency
             in
             the
             detention
             of
             Callis
             (
             after
             the
             eight
             years
             expired
             of
             Redelivery
             )
             used
             by
             the
             Chancellour
             of
             France
             ,
             b
             That
             we
             should
             gain
             much
             more
             in
             assured
             peace
             ,
             which
             we
             could
             never
             have
             so
             long
             as
             we
             were
             
             Lords
             of
             that
             Town
             ,
             than
             by
             any
             benefit
             it
             did
             or
             could
             yield
             us
             .
             It
             was
             never
             but
             a
             Pique
             and
             Quarrel
             between
             the
             two
             Realms
             :
             For
             upon
             every
             light
             displeasure
             ,
             either
             Princes
             would
             take
             by
             and
             by
             to
             Callis
             ,
             and
             make
             war
             there
             .
             God
             hath
             made
             a
             separation
             natural
             betwixt
             both
             Nations
             ,
             a
             sure
             wall
             and
             defence
             ,
             
               Et
               penitus
               toto
               divisos
               Orbe
               Britannos
               ;
            
             That
             is
             ,
             the
             English
             were
             divided
             from
             all
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             But
             a
             little
             more
             to
             inform
             the
             weight
             of
             these
             Charges
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             amiss
             to
             touch
             (
             by
             way
             of
             comfort
             )
             that
             from
             which
             we
             are
             so
             happily
             by
             the
             infinite
             blessings
             of
             God
             and
             benignity
             of
             a
             Gracious
             King
             delivered
             ;
             and
             also
             that
             other
             of
             burthen
             still
             ,
             (
             though
             much
             lightened
             )
             until
             conformity
             of
             Affections
             and
             designs
             of
             Councils
             shall
             further
             effect
             a
             Remedy
             .
          
           
             The
             Charge
             of
             Barwick
             and
             the
             Frontiers
             in
             a
             20
             Edward
             3.
             was
             3129
             l.
             for
             three
             years
             .
             In
             the
             end
             of
             Richard
             2.
             and
             entrance
             of
             Henry
             4.
             b
             10153
             l.
             And
             c
             11
             Henry
             6.
             the
             Custody
             of
             the
             Marches
             4766
             l.
             In
             the
             2
             Mariae
             the
             annual
             Charge
             of
             Barwick
             was
             9413
             l.
             d
             And
             in
             
               an
               .
               2
               Elizabeth
               13430
               l.
            
             And
             
               an
               .
               26.
               12391
               l.
            
             
          
           
             The
             Kingdom
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             beyond
             the
             Revenues
             ,
             was
             29
             E.
             3.
             e
             2285
             
               l.
               An.
            
             30.
             f
             2880
             l.
             and
             g
             
               an
               .
               50.
               1808
               l.
            
             All
             the
             time
             of
             Richard
             2.
             h
             it
             never
             defrayed
             the
             charges
             ;
             And
             came
             short
             in
             11
             Henry
             6.
             4000
             
             Marks
             i
             of
             annual
             issues
             .
             The
             Revenue
             there
             in
             
               omnibus
               exitibus
               &
               proficuis
            
             ,
             in
             all
             the
             rents
             and
             profits
             yearly
             ,
             
             by
             Accompt
             of
             Cromwel
             Lord
             Treasurer
             ,
             not
             above
             3040
             l.
             But
             passing
             over
             these
             elder
             times
             :
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             the
             late
             Queen
             ,
             when
             the
             yearly
             Revenue
             was
             not
             15000
             l.
             the
             expence
             for
             two
             years
             a
             ending
             1571.
             amounted
             to
             116874
             l.
             In
             an
             .
             1584.
             for
             less
             than
             two
             years
             came
             it
             to
             86983
             l.
             b
             The
             charge
             there
             in
             two
             years
             of
             Sir
             
               John
               Parrots
            
             Government
             ending
             1586.
             was
             116368
             l.
             In
             anno
             1597.
             the
             Receipt
             not
             above
             25000
             l.
             the
             issue
             was
             91072
             l.
             And
             when
             in
             35
             Elizabeth
             the
             Rents
             and
             Profits
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             exceeded
             not
             27118
             l.
             the
             Disbursement
             in
             seven
             moneths
             were
             171883
             l.
             The
             Charge
             1601.
             c
             for
             nine
             moneths
             167987
             l.
             And
             for
             the
             two
             years
             following
             accounted
             by
             the
             allayed
             money
             670403
             l.
             And
             in
             the
             first
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             84179
             l.
             Whose
             Government
             although
             it
             hath
             blessed
             both
             us
             and
             that
             Kingdom
             with
             the
             benefit
             of
             Peace
             ,
             yet
             hath
             it
             not
             delivered
             himself
             from
             a
             large
             and
             yearly
             expence
             here
             for
             supportation
             of
             that
             State
             out
             of
             his
             own
             Treasure
             .
             And
             thus
             far
             in
             answer
             of
             the
             Argument
             from
             increase
             of
             Revenue
             by
             forraign
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Arguments
             of
             Honour
             by
             addition
             of
             
             Titles
             and
             forraign
             Territories
             ;
             it
             may
             suffice
             in
             answer
             ,
             That
             so
             long
             as
             this
             Crown
             was
             actually
             possessed
             of
             any
             such
             Signiory
             ,
             the
             Tenure
             and
             Service
             did
             ever
             bring
             with
             it
             a
             note
             and
             badge
             of
             Vassalage
             ;
             than
             which
             nothing
             to
             so
             free
             a
             Monarch
             as
             the
             King
             of
             England
             (
             who
             is
             d
             
               Monarcha
               in
               Regno
               ,
               &
               tot
               &
               tanta
               habet
               Privilegia
               quot
               Imperator
               in
               Imperio
               ,
            
             a
             Monarch
             
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             hath
             as
             many
             and
             as
             large
             Priviledges
             therein
             as
             an
             Emperour
             in
             his
             Empire
             ,
             )
             could
             be
             more
             in
             blemish
             or
             opposition
             .
             To
             write
             
               Domino
               Regi
               nostro
               Franciae
            
             ,
             To
             our
             Lord
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             as
             during
             the
             time
             we
             held
             the
             Provinces
             in
             France
             ,
             we
             usually
             did
             in
             all
             our
             Letters
             and
             publick
             Contracts
             with
             that
             Crown
             ,
             can
             be
             called
             no
             addition
             of
             Honour
             .
             And
             whether
             upon
             every
             command
             to
             act
             in
             person
             those
             base
             services
             of
             Homage
             and
             Fidelity
             ,
             as
             first
             in
             putting
             off
             the
             
               Imperial
               Crown
            
             ,
             the
             kneeling
             low
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             that
             King
             ,
             and
             taking
             an
             Oath
             to
             become
             
               Homme
               liege
               du
               Roys
               de
               France
               ,
            
             a
             liege
             subject
             to
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               France
               ,
               &c.
            
             we
             in
             performing
             so
             the
             duties
             of
             a
             subject
             ,
             do
             not
             much
             more
             disparage
             the
             dignity
             of
             a
             Soveraign
             ,
             is
             no
             question
             of
             doubt
             .
             From
             these
             considerations
             of
             Reputation
             and
             Honour
             ,
             (
             the
             greatest
             stayes
             that
             support
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             retain
             Obedience
             )
             our
             Kings
             of
             England
             have
             as
             far
             as
             to
             the
             forfeit
             of
             those
             Signiories
             ,
             either
             avoided
             or
             refused
             the
             services
             .
             As
             King
             John
             did
             Normandy
             ;
             and
             Edward
             the
             
             second
             resigned
             to
             his
             Son
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Aquitain
             ,
             to
             put
             off
             the
             act
             of
             homage
             from
             himself
             ,
             to
             whom
             it
             could
             not
             in
             respect
             of
             his
             Regality
             but
             be
             a
             dishonour
             .
             As
             appeareth
             in
             Henry
             the
             second
             ,
             who
             having
             made
             his
             Son
             
               Consortem
               Imperii
            
             ,
             a
             King
             of
             England
             with
             him
             ,
             
               Homagium
               à
               Filio
               noluit
            
             (
             saith
             the
             Record
             )
             
               quia
               Rex
               fuit
               ,
               sed
               securitatem
               accepit
            
             ;
             would
             not
             receive
             Homage
             of
             him
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             a
             King
             ,
             but
             took
             his
             Security
             .
             In
             the
             seventeenth
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             ,
             the
             Lords
             and
             Justices
             would
             not
             consent
             to
             a
             Peace
             with
             France
             ,
             unless
             the
             
             King
             might
             not
             do
             Homage
             ,
             they
             held
             it
             so
             bas●
             ,
             supposing
             thereby
             the
             liberty
             of
             the
             Kings
             Person
             and
             Subject
             wronged
             .
             And
             thus
             much
             of
             the
             little
             Reputation
             that
             either
             in
             Title
             or
             Territory
             those
             subordiante
             Duchies
             in
             France
             added
             to
             this
             Crown
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             the
             people
             of
             England
             were
             so
             little
             in
             love
             with
             that
             Title
             ,
             as
             any
             
             Honour
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             by
             Acts
             of
             
               Parliament
               14
               Ed.
            
             3.
             and
             8
             Ed.
             5.
             they
             provided
             that
             the
             Subjects
             of
             England
             should
             owe
             no
             Obedience
             to
             the
             King
             as
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             nor
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             be
             in
             any
             wise
             subjected
             by
             such
             Union
             to
             that
             Crown
             .
          
           
             And
             so
             much
             we
             have
             ever
             been
             in
             fear
             of
             that
             
             place
             ,
             lest
             it
             might
             leave
             this
             State
             to
             the
             misery
             of
             a
             Provincial
             Government
             :
             as
             in
             17
             H.
             6.
             the
             Commons
             urged
             to
             contribute
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             that
             Crown
             ,
             answered
             ,
             that
             the
             gaining
             of
             any
             footing
             in
             France
             would
             induce
             the
             Kings
             aboad
             there
             ,
             and
             by
             such
             absence
             cause
             great
             decay
             and
             desolation
             in
             this
             State
             ;
             besides
             the
             transport
             of
             our
             money
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             which
             would
             inrich
             that
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             impoverish
             the
             Realm
             at
             home
             ,
             whereby
             we
             should
             justly
             again
             say
             ,
             a
             
               Britannia
               servitutem
               suam
               quotidie
               emit
               ,
               quotidie
               poscit
               ,
            
             The
             Britains
             are
             every
             day
             begging
             to
             be
             slaves
             ,
             every
             day
             giving
             money
             for
             it
             .
          
           
             THe
             last
             motive
             is
             ,
             the
             advantage
             we
             now
             have
             of
             greater
             Facility
             and
             assurance
             of
             Success
             in
             
             any
             forreign
             enterprise
             ,
             by
             this
             happy
             Union
             of
             both
             Kingdoms
             ,
             than
             ever
             any
             of
             our
             Ancestors
             had
             .
          
           
           
             To
             which
             in
             answer
             nothing
             can
             be
             more
             full
             ,
             
             than
             laying
             down
             the
             motives
             and
             means
             that
             led
             on
             the
             Kings
             of
             this
             Realm
             to
             attempt
             and
             prosperously
             effect
             their
             undertakings
             in
             other
             parts
             ,
             weigh
             how
             they
             suit
             these
             times
             ,
             and
             whether
             that
             any
             or
             all
             the
             advantages
             we
             now
             have
             ,
             may
             be
             to
             them
             of
             equal
             worth
             and
             valuation
             .
             The
             first
             consideration
             is
             in
             Place
             ,
             the
             next
             in
             Person
             .
             In
             the
             
             wars
             of
             France
             (
             whether
             those
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             particular
             Signiories
             ,
             or
             competition
             of
             the
             intire
             Kingdom
             )
             we
             had
             ever
             Ports
             to
             land
             at
             ,
             and
             Forts
             to
             retire
             to
             ,
             which
             now
             we
             have
             not
             .
             The
             coast
             of
             Normandy
             was
             our
             own
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             might
             enter
             the
             midst
             of
             France
             .
             And
             Edward
             the
             third
             when
             he
             intended
             to
             annoy
             the
             East
             part
             ,
             sided
             with
             Montfort
             against
             
               Charles
               de
               Bloys
            
             ,
             whom
             he
             invested
             with
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Britain
             ,
             that
             so
             he
             might
             have
             there
             an
             easie
             footing
             .
             Thus
             by
             leave
             of
             his
             Confederates
             in
             Flanders
             he
             had
             safe
             entrance
             for
             all
             his
             Army
             to
             invade
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             and
             a
             sure
             retreat
             ,
             when
             upon
             any
             occasion
             he
             would
             come
             back
             ,
             as
             he
             did
             to
             Antwerp
             .
             And
             wheresoever
             any
             Army
             may
             have
             a
             quiet
             descent
             ,
             the
             greatest
             difficulty
             is
             overcome
             ;
             for
             the
             rest
             consisteth
             in
             Chance
             ,
             wherein
             Fortune
             is
             rather
             wont
             to
             prevail
             than
             Vertue
             .
             But
             a
             
               ibi
               grave
               est
               Bellum
               gerere
               ,
               ubi
               nullus
               est
               Class●
               Portus
               apertus
               ,
               non
               ager
               pacatus
               ,
               non
               Civitassocia
               ,
               non
               consistendi
               aut
               procedendi
               locus
               ,
               quocunque
               circum
               spexeris
               hostilia
               sunt
               omnia
            
             ;
             There
             't
             is
             a
             hard
             task
             to
             wage
             war
             ,
             where
             there
             is
             no
             Port
             open
             for
             our
             Navy
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             our
             enemy
             ,
             no
             City
             our
             Confederate
             ,
             no
             place
             to
             make
             a
             stand
             or
             to
             march
             out
             from
             ,
             but
             whithersoever
             a
             man
             looks
             ,
             he
             can
             see
             nothing
             but
             hostile
             intentions
             against
             us
             .
             And
             this
             must
             be
             now
             our
             case
             ,
             which
             was
             never
             our
             Ancestors
             .
          
           
           
             Advantage
             personal
             was
             either
             
               
                 
                   A
                   Party
                   
                     
                       found
                    
                     
                       made
                    
                  
                
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Persons
                   considerable
                   ,
                   the
                   a●…
                   the
                   Subjects
                   to
                   our
                   enemies
                   ,
                   or
                   our
                   own
                   Confederates
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   first
                   ,
                   our
                   Kings
                   heretofore
                   did
                   either
                   work
                   on
                   the
                   opportunity
                   of
                   any
                   dissention
                   ministred
                   ,
                   or
                   by
                   Pension
                   and
                   Reward
                   either
                   make
                   a
                   fraction
                   in
                   Obedience
                   ,
                   or
                   Neutrality
                   in
                   Assistance
                   with
                   the
                   Subjects
                   of
                   their
                   Adversary
                   .
                   The
                   Dukes
                   of
                   
                     Burgundy
                     ,
                     Earls
                  
                   of
                   
                     Britain
                     ,
                     Dreux
                  
                   and
                   others
                   in
                   France
                   ,
                   offended
                   with
                   their
                   Sovereign
                   ,
                   a
                   
                     Confederati
                     erant
                     Comiti
                     Britanniae
                     Henrico
                     &
                     Regi
                     Angliae
                     ,
                  
                   became
                   Confederates
                   with
                   Henry
                   Earl
                   of
                   Britain
                   and
                   King
                   of
                   England
                   ;
                   and
                   thereupon
                   drew
                   him
                   over
                   into
                   Britain
                   .
                   b
                   The
                   same
                   King
                   by
                   yearly
                   Pensions
                   of
                   7000
                   l.
                   kept
                   divers
                   in
                   Poictou
                   in
                   fraction
                   against
                   their
                   Lord
                   and
                   their
                   own
                   Loyalty
                   .
                   Edw.
                   3.
                   had
                   never
                   undertaken
                   the
                   conquest
                   of
                   France
                   ,
                   if
                   c
                   
                     Robert
                     de
                     Artoys
                  
                   (
                   displeased
                   with
                   the
                   Sentence
                   of
                   Philip
                   his
                   Master
                   for
                   that
                   Earldom
                   )
                   had
                   not
                   incited
                   and
                   complotted
                   for
                   him
                   ,
                   as
                   Godfrey
                   of
                   Harecourt
                   did
                   after
                   .
                   Nor
                   Henry
                   d
                   5.
                   if
                   the
                   unsound
                   memory
                   of
                   the
                   French
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   jealousie
                   of
                   those
                   Princes
                   and
                   
                     Orleantial
                     Faction
                  
                   had
                   not
                   made
                   his
                   way
                   and
                   Fortune
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Confederates
                   .
                
                 
                   THe
                   Confederates
                   our
                   Kings
                   held
                   
                   formerly
                   for
                   mutual
                   Aid
                   were
                   of
                   such
                   consequence
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   affairs
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   those
                   so
                   best
                   strengthened
                   atchieved
                   ever
                   the
                   greatest
                   and
                   most
                   glorious
                   victories
                   .
                   As
                   the
                   first
                   and
                   third
                   Edwards
                   ,
                   the
                   fifth
                   and
                   eighth
                   Henries
                   .
                   Whereas
                   Henry
                   the
                   sixth
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   left
                   most
                   naked
                   to
                   himself
                   ,
                   although
                   the
                   greatest
                   otherwise
                   in
                   opportunity
                   ,
                   lost
                   all
                   the
                   purchase
                   of
                   his
                   Ancestors
                   in
                   the
                   end
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   amiss
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   foundation
                   of
                   Greatness
                   as
                   Confederacy
                   ,
                   to
                   lay
                   down
                   successively
                   ,
                   first
                   ,
                   with
                   whom
                   we
                   tyed
                   that
                   knot
                   of
                   love
                   ;
                   then
                   ,
                   what
                   were
                   the
                   motives
                   ,
                   or
                   assurances
                   ;
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   whether
                   the
                   same
                   in
                   both
                   is
                   left
                   to
                   our
                   occasions
                   ,
                   and
                   will
                   now
                   or
                   no.
                   
                
              
            
          
           
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             but
             to
             assure
             his
             own
             possessions
             
             beyond
             Sea
             ,
             a
             
               adscivit
               in
               praesidium
               Comitem
               Britanniae
               ,
               &
               Theobaldum
               Comitem
               Blesensem
               ,
            
             called
             to
             his
             aid
             the
             Earl
             of
             Britain
             ,
             and
             Theobald
             Earl
             of
             Bloys
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             second
             did
             the
             like
             with
             b
             Robert
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             .
             And
             again
             c
             
               cum
               Theodorico
               Comite
               Flandriae
               ,
               Baronibus
               ,
               Castellanis
               ,
               &
               caeteris
               hominibus
               Comitis
               ,
            
             with
             Theodoric
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             ,
             the
             Barons
             ,
             Governours
             of
             Castles
             ,
             and
             other
             the
             Subjects
             of
             the
             said
             Earl
             ;
             who
             stood
             bound
             to
             serve
             him
             
               in
               summonitione
               sua
               ,
               sicut
               Domino
               ,
               pro
               feodis
               quae
               de
               ipso
               teneant
               ,
            
             upon
             a
             summons
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             their
             own
             Lord
             ,
             for
             the
             Fees
             which
             they
             held
             of
             him
             .
          
           
             Baldwin
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             contracteth
             under
             Bond
             d
             
               mutui
               subsidii
               ,
               quod
               sine
               Rege
               Richardo
               Angliae
               non
               componeret
               cum
               Rege
               Francorum
               ,
            
             of
             mutual
             aid
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             not
             come
             to
             agreement
             with
             the
             French
             King
             without
             Richard
             King
             of
             England
             .
             And
             the
             e
             
               Britains
               
               relicto
               Rege
               Franciae
               Regi
               Richardo
               adhaeserunt
               ,
            
             forsaking
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             did
             joyn
             with
             King
             Richard.
             
          
           
             Between
             King
             John
             a
             and
             the
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             there
             was
             a
             Combination
             
               mutui
               auxilii
            
             
             
               contra
               Regem
               Francorum
            
             ,
             of
             mutual
             assistance
             against
             the
             French
             King.
             b
             The
             like
             with
             the
             City
             of
             Doway
             and
             Earl
             of
             Holland
             .
          
           
             
               Hen.
               3.
               anno
            
             11.
             drew
             c
             Peter
             Duke
             of
             Britany
             into
             Confederacy
             against
             the
             French
             ;
             and
             Fernand
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             with
             a
             Pension
             annual
             of
             five
             hundred
             Marks
             .
             d
             And
             
               anno
               38.
               
               Alfonsus
            
             King
             of
             Castile
             combineth
             with
             him
             and
             his
             heirs
             
               contra
               omnes
               homines
               in
               mundo
            
             ,
             against
             all
             the
             men
             in
             the
             World.
             To
             whom
             he
             remained
             so
             constant
             ,
             that
             an
             .
             8.
             and
             10
             Edw.
             1.
             he
             would
             not
             grant
             a
             Truce
             to
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             but
             
               ad
               preces
               &
               instantiam
            
             at
             the
             instant
             suit
             of
             the
             King
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             
               Edward
               1.
               an
            
             .
             13.
             e
             by
             a
             pretence
             of
             intermarriage
             
             drew
             Florence
             Earl
             of
             Holland
             from
             the
             French
             to
             his
             party
             ;
             f
             and
             the
             year
             following
             ,
             by
             the
             mediation
             of
             the
             Lord
             of
             Black-mont
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             ,
             who
             in
             g
             an
             .
             20.
             assisted
             him
             in
             the
             wars
             of
             Gascoign
             .
             h
             In
             the
             22.
             he
             combined
             with
             Adolph
             King
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             the
             Earl
             of
             Gueldres
             ;
             tying
             the
             Nobility
             of
             Burgundy
             with
             a
             yearly
             donative
             of
             30000
             
               l.
               Turonensium
            
             to
             aid
             him
             
               contra
               Regem
               Francie
            
             ,
             against
             the
             French
             King.
             i
             He
             had
             Guido
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             and
             Philip
             his
             son
             for
             100000
             
               l.
               Turonensium
            
             in
             pay
             against
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             an
             .
             24
             ,
             25
             ,
             and
             31.
             of
             his
             Reign
             ;
             k
             retaining
             the
             Earl
             of
             Gueldres
             by
             pay
             of
             1000000
             l.
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lorrain
             by
             1600000
             l.
             l
             the
             
             Nobility
             of
             Burgundy
             by
             a
             Pension
             of
             30000
             l.
             and
             Wallerand
             Lord
             of
             Montay
             by
             300
             
               l.
               Turonensium
            
             in
             his
             service
             the
             same
             year
             .
             a
             And
             in
             
               anno
               34.
               
               Reginaldum
               Comitem
               Montis
               Beliardi
               &
               alios
               de
               Burgundia
               contra
               Regem
               Franciae
               ,
               Reginald
            
             Earl
             of
             Mont-Belliard
             and
             other
             Burgundians
             against
             the
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             second
             had
             b
             
               auxilium
               tam
               maritimum
            
             
             
               quam
               terrestre
               à
               Genoesibus
            
             ,
             assistance
             as
             well
             by
             Sea
             as
             by
             Land
             from
             the
             Genoeses
             .
             c
             And
             in
             anno
             18.
             besides
             his
             Alliance
             with
             
               Flanders
               ,
               John
               Protector
            
             of
             Castile
             aideth
             him
             
               contra
               Gallos
               cum
               1000.
               equitibus
               &
               peditibus
               ,
               &
               Scutiferis
            
             10000.
             against
             the
             French
             with
             1000.
             horse
             and
             foot
             ,
             and
             10000.
             other
             armed
             men
             .
          
           
             Edward
             the
             third
             d
             had
             by
             the
             Marriage
             of
             
             Philip
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Henault
             and
             Holland
             her
             Father
             assured
             to
             him
             ;
             and
             retained
             John
             of
             Henault
             and
             his
             Followers
             ,
             e
             
               qui
               venerunt
               in
               auxilium
               ad
               rogatum
               Regis
               ,
            
             who
             came
             to
             assist
             the
             King
             at
             his
             call
             ,
             with
             a
             Salary
             of
             14000
             l.
             yearly
             .
             Before
             he
             adventured
             to
             avow
             and
             maintain
             his
             Challenge
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             f
             he
             made
             up
             to
             his
             party
             Lodowick
             the
             Emperour
             ,
             (
             who
             the
             better
             to
             countenance
             his
             enterprise
             ,
             elected
             him
             
               Vicarium
               Imperii
            
             ,
             Vicar
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
             )
             g
             Reginald
             Earl
             of
             
               Gueldres
               ,
               Lewis
            
             Marquess
             of
             
               Brandenburg
               ,
               Conrade
            
             Lord
             of
             Hard
             ,
             who
             served
             him
             with
             fifty
             men
             at
             Arms
             ,
             the
             Cardinal
             of
             Genoa
             and
             his
             Nephew
             ,
             who
             aided
             him
             with
             Gallies
             ,
             the
             Magistrates
             of
             
               Colen
               ,
               Bruxells
               ,
               Lorrain
            
             and
             Mechlin
             ,
             and
             h
             
               Jaques
               de
               Artevile
            
             head
             of
             the
             Gantois
             Faction
             ;
             who
             having
             
             quitted
             all
             duty
             to
             the
             banished
             Earl
             ,
             submitted
             themselves
             and
             most
             of
             Flanders
             to
             the
             service
             and
             protection
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             ,
             who
             to
             free
             them
             of
             two
             Millions
             of
             Crowns
             ,
             wherein
             ,
             as
             a
             Caution
             of
             obedience
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             ,
             a
             they
             stood
             bound
             as
             well
             by
             Oath
             as
             Obligation
             ,
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             imployed
             John
             Duke
             of
             Brabant
             and
             
               Lorrain
               ,
               William
            
             Marquess
             of
             Juliers
             ,
             and
             the
             Earl
             of
             Henault
             and
             Holland
             ,
             his
             assured
             Friends
             ,
             
               Procuratores
               suos
               ad
               vendicandum
               Regnum
               Franci●
               ,
            
             his
             Procurators
             to
             claim
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             .
             b
             These
             his
             Allies
             not
             long
             after
             meeting
             him
             at
             Tournay
             with
             one
             hundred
             thousand
             men
             ,
             as
             
               Robert
               de
               Artoys
            
             did
             with
             fifty
             thousand
             at
             S.
             Omers
             against
             the
             French
             King.
             And
             thus
             he
             attired
             and
             furnished
             his
             first
             enterprise
             ,
             weaving
             into
             his
             Faction
             and
             support
             more
             and
             more
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             either
             pretence
             or
             just
             occasions
             would
             give
             him
             leave
             .
             By
             c
             colour
             of
             Marriage
             he
             drew
             in
             the
             King
             of
             Sicily
             in
             the
             eighteenth
             year
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Millain
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Castile
             for
             mutual
             aid
             ;
             and
             d
             
               Simon
               Butangre
            
             Duke
             of
             Genoa
             ,
             and
             his
             Subjects
             for
             hire
             and
             reward
             .
             In
             the
             ninteenth
             year
             e
             the
             questionable
             Title
             of
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Britain
             assured
             him
             of
             
               John
               de
               Montford
            
             ;
             against
             whom
             the
             f
             French
             King
             maintained
             
               Charles
               de
               Bloys
            
             for
             that
             Duchy
             .
             In
             anno
             24.
             g
             he
             renewed
             the
             Contract
             with
             the
             Genoeses
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             thirtieth
             made
             a
             convention
             of
             Peace
             ,
             
               &
               mutui
               auxili
               cum
               Rege
               Navarre
               ,
            
             and
             of
             mutal
             aid
             ,
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Navarre
             .
             In
             h
             the
             thirty
             seventh
             with
             Peter
             King
             of
             Castile
             :
             and
             in
             that
             and
             the
             one
             and
             fortieth
             i
             an
             alliance
             of
             Aid
             and
             Amity
             he
             entred
             with
             the
             
             Duke
             of
             Britain
             :
             and
             anno
             45.
             a
             again
             with
             the
             Genoeses
             and
             Lewis
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             and
             Duke
             of
             Brabant
             ;
             b
             and
             an
             .
             46.
             with
             Ferdinand
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             Richard
             the
             second
             reneweth
             c
             in
             anno
             1.
             the
             confederation
             that
             his
             Grandfather
             had
             with
             the
             Duke
             of
             Britain
             ;
             and
             with
             whom
             anno
             3.
             he
             contracted
             anew
             ,
             as
             he
             had
             done
             anno
             2.
             with
             Lewis
             d
             Earl
             of
             Flanders
             .
             In
             the
             sixth
             e
             year
             he
             combineth
             with
             the
             Flemings
             f
             
               contra●nimicos
               communes
            
             ,
             against
             the
             enemies
             of
             them
             both
             ;
             with
             g
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               Naples
               ,
               Sicily
               ,
               Navarre
            
             and
             
               Arragon
               ,
               de
               mutuis
               auxiliis
            
             ,
             for
             mutual
             aid
             ;
             h
             and
             with
             Winceslaus
             the
             Emperour
             
               Contra
               Carolum
               Regem
               Franciae
               &
               Robertum
               Regem
               Scotiae
               ,
            
             against
             Charles
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             Robert
             King
             of
             Scotland
             .
             In
             anno
             8.
             i
             with
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               Jerusalem
               ,
               Sicily
            
             ,
             and
             Portugal
             .
             In
             the
             tenth
             with
             Portugal
             ,
             who
             at
             his
             own
             charges
             aided
             this
             King
             with
             ten
             Galleys
             .
             And
             with
             William
             Duke
             of
             
               Gueldres
               de
               mutuis
               auxiliis
            
             ,
             for
             mutual
             aid
             .
             And
             anno
             12.
             k
             18.
             and
             19.
             with
             Albert
             Duke
             of
             Bavaria
             .
             l
             And
             an
             .
             20.
             with
             the
             Earl
             of
             
               Ostrenant
               de
               retinentiis
               contra
               Regem
               Franciae
               ,
            
             against
             the
             King
             of
             France
             .
             And
             
               Rupertus
               Count
               Palatine
            
             of
             the
             
               Rhene
               anno
            
             20.
             became
             a
             Homager
             for
             term
             of
             life
             to
             this
             King.
             
          
           
             Henry
             the
             fourth
             entred
             alliance
             m
             of
             mutual
             aid
             in
             two
             years
             with
             William
             Duke
             of
             Gueldres
             and
             Mons.
             n
             In
             the
             twelfth
             with
             Sigismund
             King
             of
             Hungaria
             .
             o
             And
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             by
             siding
             with
             the
             Factions
             of
             the
             Dukes
             of
             Berry
             and
             Orleans
             ,
             laid
             the
             basis
             upon
             which
             his
             Son
             that
             succeeded
             reared
             the
             Trophies
             of
             his
             Renown
             .
          
           
           
             For
             Henry
             the
             fifth
             going
             forward
             upon
             the
             Advantage
             left
             and
             daily
             offered
             ,
             strengthened
             himself
             anno
             4.
             a
             by
             a
             League
             perpetual
             with
             Sigismund
             the
             Emperour
             ;
             renewing
             that
             of
             Richard
             the
             second
             b
             with
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             as
             his
             Father
             had
             done
             .
             He
             entred
             a
             contract
             with
             the
             Duke
             of
             Britain
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             Queen
             of
             Jerusalem
             and
             Lewis
             her
             Son
             for
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Anjou
             and
             Mayn
             ;
             and
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             and
             Duke
             of
             Bavaria
             for
             supply
             of
             Men
             and
             Munition
             by
             them
             performed
             .
             c
             And
             the
             year
             before
             the
             Battel
             of
             Agincourt
             sendeth
             the
             Lord
             
               Henry
               Scrope
            
             to
             contract
             with
             the
             Duke
             of
             Burgundy
             d
             and
             his
             Retinue
             for
             Wages
             in
             
               serviti●
               suo
               in
               Regno
               Franciae
               vel
               Ducatu
               Aquitaniae
               ,
            
             in
             his
             service
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             or
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Aquitain
             ;
             esteeming
             the
             alliance
             of
             that
             house
             the
             readiest
             means
             to
             attain
             his
             end
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             sixth
             
               (
               i
            
             )
             so
             long
             as
             he
             held
             the
             Amity
             
             of
             Britain
             (
             for
             which
             he
             contracted
             )
             and
             the
             
             confederacy
             of
             Rurgundy
             ,
             his
             friend
             of
             eldest
             assurance
             and
             best
             advantage
             ,
             which
             he
             did
             to
             the
             sixteenth
             year
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             great
             decline
             of
             his
             Fortune
             in
             France
             .
             But
             when
             Burgundy
             f
             brake
             the
             bond
             of
             our
             assurance
             ,
             and
             betook
             him
             to
             the
             Amity
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             dealt
             with
             this
             Crown
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             Merchant
             by
             way
             of
             intercourse
             ,
             first
             at
             the
             Treaty
             of
             g
             Bruges
             1442.
             then
             at
             h
             Callis
             1446.
             the
             reputation
             and
             interest
             we
             held
             in
             France
             declined
             faster
             in
             the
             setting
             of
             this
             Son
             ,
             than
             ever
             it
             increased
             in
             the
             rising
             of
             the
             Father
             .
          
           
             And
             Edward
             the
             fourth
             who
             succeeded
             ,
             sensible
             of
             this
             loss
             ,
             wooed
             by
             all
             the
             means
             either
             of
             Intercourse
             or
             Marriage
             to
             win
             again
             the
             
             house
             of
             Burgundy
             a
             which
             in
             anno
             7.
             he
             did
             ,
             to
             joyn
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             his
             right
             in
             France
             .
             b
             And
             drew
             in
             the
             year
             following
             the
             Duke
             of
             Britain
             to
             that
             Confederacy
             .
             In
             the
             c
             eleventh
             year
             he
             renewed
             with
             Charles
             of
             Burgundy
             the
             bond
             of
             mutual
             Aid
             ;
             and
             contracted
             the
             next
             d
             year
             the
             like
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
             And
             in
             
               an
               .
               14.
               pro
               recuperatione
               Regni
               Franciae
               contra
               Ludovicum
               Usurpantem
               ,
            
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             out
             of
             the
             hands
             of
             Lewis
             the
             Usurper
             ,
             (
             e
             as
             the
             Record
             is
             )
             entred
             a
             new
             Confederacy
             with
             the
             Dukes
             of
             Burgundy
             and
             Britain
             :
             f
             And
             in
             the
             end
             wrought
             from
             them
             a
             round
             Pension
             of
             money
             ,
             though
             he
             could
             not
             any
             portion
             of
             land
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             seventh
             g
             
               anno
               5.
               
               &
            
             6.
             entertaineth
             an
             Alliance
             with
             Spain
             against
             the
             French
             King.
             The
             like
             in
             the
             eighth
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             :
             and
             in
             the
             tenth
             h
             with
             the
             house
             of
             Burgundy
             for
             Intercourse
             and
             mutual
             Aid
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             in
             anno
             4.
             i
             reneweth
             the
             Amity
             of
             Portugal
             ;
             and
             the
             next
             year
             combineth
             with
             the
             Emperour
             Maximilian
             against
             Lewis
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             who
             aideth
             him
             out
             of
             Artoys
             and
             Henault
             with
             four
             thousand
             horse
             and
             six
             thousand
             foot
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             winneth
             Tournay
             ,
             k
             
               Consilio
               ,
               Auxilio
               ,
               &
               favoribus
               Maximiliani
               Imperatoris
               ,
            
             with
             the
             advice
             ,
             assistance
             ,
             and
             countenance
             of
             the
             Emperour
             Maximilian
             .
             In
             anno
             7.
             l
             to
             weaken
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             he
             entreth
             league
             with
             the
             
               Helvetian
               Cantons
            
             by
             his
             Commissioners
             Wingfield
             and
             Pace
             ;
             and
             with
             m
             Charles
             of
             Spain
             for
             Amity
             and
             mutual
             Aid
             :
             into
             which
             Maximilian
             the
             Emperour
             and
             Joan
             of
             Spain
             n
             were
             received
             the
             year
             following
             .
             
             a
             In
             an
             .
             12.
             with
             the
             Emperour
             Charles
             and
             b
             Margaret
             Regentess
             of
             Burgundy
             he
             maketh
             a
             Confederation
             against
             Francis
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             as
             the
             common
             enemy
             :
             
               &
               quia
               Rex
               Angliae
               non
               possit
               ex
               propriis
               Subditis
               tantum
               equitum
               numerum
               congerere
               ,
            
             the
             King
             of
             England
             could
             not
             furnish
             such
             a
             quantity
             of
             Horse
             of
             his
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             was
             mentioned
             in
             the
             contract
             ,
             the
             Emperour
             giveth
             leave
             that
             he
             levy
             them
             in
             any
             his
             Dominions
             in
             Germany
             .
             And
             the
             Pope
             in
             furtherance
             of
             his
             intendment
             ,
             interdicteth
             the
             French
             Territories
             ,
             calleth
             in
             aid
             
               Brachii
               Seculdris
            
             ,
             of
             the
             Secular
             power
             ,
             c
             those
             two
             Princes
             ;
             appointeth
             the
             
               Emperour
               Protectorem
               &
               advocatum
               Ecclesiae
            
             ,
             the
             Churches
             Advocate
             and
             Protector
             ;
             and
             stileth
             their
             Attempt
             
               sancta
               expeditio
            
             ,
             an
             holy
             expedition
             .
             d
             And
             this
             is
             by
             the
             Treaty
             at
             Windsor
             the
             next
             year
             confirmed
             and
             explained
             .
             Renewing
             in
             the
             years
             e
             twenty
             one
             ,
             thirty
             five
             and
             thirty
             eight
             the
             association
             ,
             and
             bond
             of
             mutual
             aid
             with
             the
             same
             Princes
             ,
             and
             against
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             if
             he
             brake
             not
             off
             his
             Amity
             with
             the
             Turk
             .
          
           
             And
             although
             f
             Edward
             the
             sixth
             in
             the
             first
             year
             of
             his
             Reign
             made
             the
             Contract
             between
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             and
             the
             house
             of
             Burgundy
             perpetual
             ;
             yet
             g
             forbore
             he
             to
             aid
             the
             Emperour
             in
             the
             wars
             of
             France
             ,
             disabled
             (
             as
             he
             pretended
             )
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Poverty
             the
             troubles
             of
             Scotland
             had
             drawn
             upon
             him
             ;
             h
             And
             therefore
             offered
             the
             Town
             of
             Bullen
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Protection
             .
          
           
             During
             the
             Reign
             of
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             other
             but
             that
             i
             of
             Marriage
             ,
             Aid
             and
             Entercourse
             with
             the
             
               Emperour
               ,
               Spain
            
             and
             Burgundy
             ;
             
             a
             and
             besides
             that
             tripartite
             bond
             at
             Cambray
             of
             Amity
             and
             Neutrality
             .
          
           
             Our
             late
             Renowned
             Mistris
             entertained
             with
             the
             Prince
             of
             Conde
             b
             about
             New-haven
             ,
             and
             c
             with
             Charles
             the
             ninth
             1564.
             and
             at
             d
             Bloys
             1572.
             with
             the
             King
             of
             Navarre
             before
             the
             accession
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             France
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             after
             Britain
             ,
             and
             lastly
             by
             the
             Duke
             of
             Bullen
             e
             in
             ninety
             six
             .
             And
             with
             the
             States
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             in
             the
             years
             eighty
             five
             f
             and
             ninety
             eight
             ,
             divers
             Treaties
             of
             Amity
             ,
             Confederation
             and
             Assistance
             .
          
           
             By
             all
             these
             passages
             ,
             (
             being
             all
             that
             well
             either
             our
             Story
             or
             Records
             can
             discover
             )
             it
             appeareth
             manifest
             the
             Kings
             of
             England
             never
             to
             have
             undertaken
             ,
             or
             fortunately
             entertained
             any
             Forreign
             Enterpize
             without
             a
             party
             and
             confederate
             .
             Amongst
             which
             by
             situation
             ,
             
             those
             of
             best
             advantage
             to
             us
             have
             been
             the
             Dukes
             of
             Britain
             ,
             Lords
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             the
             City
             of
             Genoa
             ,
             the
             Kings
             of
             Portugal
             and
             Spain
             ,
             and
             the
             Empire
             ,
             since
             knit
             into
             the
             house
             of
             Burgundy
             .
          
           
             As
             for
             the
             remote
             and
             in-land
             Princes
             of
             Germany
             ,
             the
             Kings
             of
             
               Denmark
               ,
               Poland
            
             and
             Sweden
             ,
             (
             so
             far
             removed
             )
             I
             have
             seldome
             observed
             that
             this
             Crown
             hath
             with
             them
             contracted
             any
             League
             of
             Assistance
             or
             Confederacy
             ,
             but
             of
             Amity
             and
             Entercourse
             only
             .
          
           
           
             IT
             remaineth
             to
             observe
             a
             little
             ,
             what
             were
             the
             
             reasons
             that
             first
             induced
             ,
             and
             then
             preserved
             the
             Affection
             and
             Alliances
             of
             these
             several
             Nations
             respectively
             to
             this
             Crown
             .
             The
             assurance
             we
             had
             of
             the
             State
             of
             Genoa
             was
             their
             Pensions
             and
             Traffick
             here
             .
             All
             which
             time
             by
             equality
             of
             Neighbourhood
             they
             stood
             of
             themselves
             without
             any
             jealousie
             of
             Surprize
             .
             But
             as
             soon
             as
             
               Vicinum
               Incendium
            
             ,
             the
             fire
             began
             in
             Millain
             ,
             they
             put
             themselves
             into
             the
             protection
             of
             Spain
             ,
             foreseeing
             how
             dangerous
             it
             would
             be
             for
             a
             weak
             State
             to
             stand
             Neutral
             ,
             according
             to
             Aristhenus
             counsel
             to
             the
             Aetolians
             ,
             a
             
               Quid
               aliud
               quam
               nusquam
               gratia
               stabili
               praeda
               victoris
               erimus
               ?
            
             What
             else
             will
             become
             of
             us
             ,
             being
             in
             firm
             friendship
             with
             neither
             side
             ,
             than
             to
             be
             made
             a
             prey
             to
             the
             Conquer
             our
             ?
             Since
             which
             time
             Spain
             by
             estating
             
               Doria
               ,
               Grimaldi
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Spinellos
             ,
             chief
             Families
             of
             that
             City
             ,
             with
             great
             Patrimonies
             in
             Naples
             ,
             retaining
             their
             Gallies
             in
             his
             perpetual
             service
             and
             salary
             ,
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             all
             sorts
             in
             beneficial
             Trade
             ,
             and
             (
             no
             less
             in
             Policy
             to
             ingage
             that
             City
             ,
             than
             to
             supply
             his
             own
             Wants
             )
             continually
             owing
             the
             wealthiest
             Citizens
             such
             vast
             summs
             of
             money
             ,
             as
             the
             Interest
             of
             late
             exceeded
             b
             twenty
             five
             Millions
             ;
             he
             hath
             tyed
             it
             more
             sure
             to
             the
             Spanish
             party
             ,
             than
             if
             it
             were
             commanded
             by
             a
             Cittadel
             ;
             so
             that
             it
             must
             ever
             now
             follow
             the
             faction
             and
             fortune
             of
             that
             Crown
             .
          
           
             Navarre
             and
             Britain
             (
             while
             States
             of
             themselves
             )
             
             were
             so
             long
             firm
             to
             our
             Confederacy
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             tyed
             with
             the
             bond
             of
             their
             own
             
             Calamity
             ,
             occasioned
             by
             that
             power
             ,
             which
             incorporating
             lately
             the
             one
             by
             Descent
             ,
             the
             other
             by
             Contract
             ,
             is
             by
             that
             Union
             and
             return
             of
             all
             the
             Appennagii
             ,
             more
             potent
             than
             ever
             it
             hath
             been
             under
             the
             House
             of
             Capet
             .
          
           
             Burgundy
             was
             so
             long
             our
             friend
             ,
             as
             either
             
             they
             were
             enriched
             by
             Staple
             of
             our
             Commodities
             ,
             or
             had
             protection
             of
             our
             Swords
             against
             France
             ,
             who
             not
             only
             claimed
             Soveraignty
             over
             most
             ,
             but
             a
             proprietary
             interest
             in
             part
             ;
             and
             therefore
             had
             reason
             to
             give
             Aid
             and
             Arms
             to
             such
             a
             Confederate
             as
             did
             by
             a
             diversive
             War
             secure
             ,
             and
             by
             particular
             Immunities
             inrich
             that
             State.
             But
             now
             growing
             into
             Spain
             ,
             they
             need
             no
             such
             assurance
             in
             the
             one
             ;
             and
             we
             almost
             undone
             by
             their
             draping
             of
             our
             Wooll
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             happily
             called
             home
             ,
             )
             not
             able
             to
             return
             them
             the
             benefit
             of
             the
             other
             ,
             cannot
             presume
             upon
             any
             such
             assurance
             of
             their
             aid
             as
             heretofore
             .
          
           
             Spain
             may
             seem
             to
             give
             us
             the
             best
             hope
             of
             a
             
             fast
             Confederate
             for
             two
             respects
             .
             First
             ,
             for
             that
             he
             is
             absolute
             ,
             and
             that
             we
             be
             equally
             devoid
             of
             demand
             ,
             neither
             having
             against
             the
             other
             any
             Titles
             .
             Next
             ,
             for
             that
             the
             entercourse
             of
             Trade
             is
             more
             reciprocal
             between
             us
             than
             France
             ,
             and
             our
             Amity
             founded
             upon
             long
             love
             and
             old
             blood
             .
             To
             this
             may
             be
             made
             a
             two-fold
             answer
             ,
             from
             the
             change
             of
             their
             Dispositions
             :
             First
             ,
             for
             that
             they
             never
             assist
             any
             now
             ,
             but
             to
             make
             themselves
             Master
             of
             their
             State.
             Thus
             ended
             they
             the
             strife
             between
             the
             Competitors
             of
             Portugal
             .
             And
             when
             they
             were
             called
             into
             Naples
             by
             the
             Queen
             against
             the
             French
             ,
             they
             combined
             with
             her
             Adversary
             ,
             and
             divided
             the
             
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             after
             upon
             the
             River
             of
             
               Ga●
               rillon
            
             ,
             under
             their
             Leader
             Gonsalves
             ,
             taking
             an
             advantage
             ,
             they
             defeated
             the
             whole
             Army
             of
             the
             French
             ,
             holding
             ever
             since
             that
             entire
             Kingdom
             themselves
             .
             For
             Spain
             will
             admit
             neither
             Equality
             nor
             Fellowship
             ,
             since
             upon
             Union
             of
             so
             many
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             famous
             Discoveries
             ,
             they
             begun
             to
             affect
             a
             fifth
             
               Monarchy
               .
               The
               other
            
             ;
             that
             the
             late
             hostility
             between
             them
             and
             us
             hath
             drawn
             so
             much
             blood
             ,
             as
             all
             forms
             of
             antient
             Amity
             are
             quite
             washt
             away
             :
             and
             as
             Paterculus
             a
             saith
             of
             Carthage
             to
             Rome
             ,
             so
             may
             we
             of
             Spain
             to
             
               England
               ,
               Adeo
               odium
               Certaminibu●
               ortum
               ultra
               metam
               durat
               ,
               ut
               ne
               in
               victis
               quidem
               deonitur
               ,
               neque
               ante
               invisum
               esse
               desinet
               quam
               esse
               des●t
               :
            
             The
             hatred
             begot
             by
             former
             quarrels
             doth
             endure
             so
             lastingly
             ,
             that
             the
             very
             conquered
             party
             cannot
             forget
             it
             :
             and
             in
             such
             a
             case
             the
             very
             places
             must
             cease
             to
             be
             ,
             before
             the
             hatred
             and
             envy
             towards
             it
             can
             cease
             .
          
           
             BEsides
             these
             local
             considerations
             ,
             there
             will
             
             two
             other
             Dangers
             now
             fall
             out
             from
             any
             Contract
             of
             mutual
             aid
             :
             The
             one
             from
             diversity
             ●f
             Intention
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             of
             Religion
             .
             In
             the
             one
             ,
             when
             either
             the
             Confederate
             hath
             safely
             attained
             his
             own
             secret
             End
             ,
             (
             whatsoever
             he
             pretendeth
             in
             the
             entrance
             ,
             )
             he
             leaveth
             the
             other
             to
             work
             out
             his
             own
             designs
             .
             Thus
             was
             Henry
             the
             third
             served
             ,
             called
             over
             by
             the
             Earls
             of
             Tholouse
             and
             March
             :
             they
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             having
             made
             their
             Peace
             with
             France
             :
             a
             
               Et
               expertus
               jam
               infidem
               ,
               imo
               perfidiam
            
             Pictavensium
             ,
             
               turpiter
               recessit
               ,
               &
               festinans
               non
               pepercit
               Calcaribus
               ,
            
             
             insomuch
             that
             having
             found
             the
             treachery
             and
             perfidiousness
             of
             the
             Poictovins
             ,
             he
             was
             forced
             dishonourably
             to
             retreat
             ,
             and
             for
             haste
             to
             spurr
             away
             ;
             the
             peril
             the
             poor
             King
             was
             left
             in
             being
             so
             great
             .
             He
             was
             handled
             like
             to
             this
             by
             
               Pope
               Alexander
            
             the
             fourth
             ,
             who
             having
             drawn
             him
             into
             the
             wars
             of
             Apulia
             against
             Manfred
             ,
             in
             the
             end
             ,
             
               depauperato
               Regno
               Angliae
               ,
               &
               undique
               bonis
               suis
               spoliato
               ,
            
             his
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             being
             impoverished
             ,
             and
             wholly
             despoiled
             of
             its
             Goods
             ,
             left
             him
             to
             his
             own
             shift
             .
             The
             King
             of
             Navarr
             calling
             in
             the
             aide
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             a
             against
             France
             ,
             and
             appointing
             the
             Isle
             of
             Gersey
             the
             Rendezvous
             of
             their
             forces
             ,
             revolteth
             to
             the
             French
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             by
             countenance
             of
             that
             preparation
             wrought
             his
             Peace
             .
             Maximilian
             the
             Emperour
             to
             induce
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             not
             only
             contracteth
             to
             aide
             him
             in
             person
             to
             recover
             the
             Crown
             of
             
               France
               ,
               &
               pro
               tyrannico
               Rege
               repellendo
               ,
            
             and
             to
             remove
             the
             tyrannical
             King
             ,
             (
             they
             are
             the
             words
             of
             the
             League
             ;
             )
             but
             conferreth
             upon
             him
             in
             the
             same
             
               Coronam
               Imperialem
               &
               Imperium
               Romanum
            
             ,
             the
             Imperial
             Crown
             and
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             in
             reversion
             ;
             and
             estateth
             the
             Duchy
             of
             Millain
             after
             recovery
             upon
             his
             person
             ,
             
               &
               suorum
               naturalium
               masculini
               sexus
               haeredum
               ;
               modo
               feodorum
               Imperialium
               ,
            
             and
             his
             heirs
             male
             lawfully
             begotten
             ,
             to
             hold
             in
             Fee
             of
             the
             Empire
             :
             yet
             in
             the
             close
             left
             the
             King
             to
             his
             own
             fortune
             ,
             his
             turn
             for
             Millain
             and
             Verona
             served
             .
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             when
             by
             the
             incursion
             of
             the
             French
             he
             saw
             his
             portion
             in
             Italy
             distressed
             ,
             in
             safety
             whereof
             consisted
             the
             whole
             Pulse
             of
             the
             Spanish
             ,
             (
             as
             he
             used
             himself
             to
             say
             ,
             )
             for
             it
             supplied
             his
             Army
             with
             great
             Levies
             ,
             
             and
             was
             fitly
             seated
             for
             a
             fifth
             Monarchy
             ;
             he
             then
             ingaged
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             in
             the
             wars
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             bound
             himself
             (
             as
             Bourbon
             his
             Confederate
             )
             that
             he
             would
             assist
             him
             to
             the
             full
             Conquest
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             should
             become
             Homager
             to
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             as
             to
             his
             Soveraign
             .
             But
             after
             that
             Bourbon
             had
             advanced
             his
             Army
             and
             distressed
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             he
             in
             his
             answer
             to
             
               Master
               Pace
            
             the
             Kings
             Ambassadour
             refused
             that
             assurance
             of
             duty
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             just
             suspicion
             ,
             that
             he
             by
             help
             of
             his
             Party
             intended
             to
             usurp
             
             upon
             that
             State
             himself
             ,
             which
             the
             Emperour
             never
             meant
             to
             the
             King
             of
             England
             ;
             left
             by
             such
             footing
             in
             France
             ,
             he
             might
             grow
             so
             great
             as
             to
             give
             Law
             to
             his
             neighbours
             .
             And
             to
             fall
             off
             upon
             such
             grounds
             hath
             ever
             been
             excusable
             ,
             howsoever
             the
             bonds
             of
             Alliance
             were
             .
             Thus
             did
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             as
             often
             change
             his
             hand
             of
             help
             ,
             as
             either
             Princes
             of
             Spain
             and
             France
             got
             ground
             of
             the
             other
             .
             And
             the
             Spaniard
             now
             ,
             to
             keep
             the
             States
             in
             Italy
             disunited
             ,
             compoundeth
             differences
             at
             his
             pleasure
             ,
             or
             taketh
             part
             with
             the
             weaker
             ,
             not
             suffering
             any
             ,
             though
             his
             own
             dependant
             ,
             to
             grow
             too
             strong
             :
             which
             was
             lately
             seen
             in
             patronizing
             the
             D.
             of
             Mantua
             against
             Savoy
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Rule
             of
             Quinctius
             in
             Livy
             ,
             
             
               Non
               tantum
               interest
               Aetolorum
               opes
               minui
               ,
            
             it
             doth
             not
             stand
             us
             so
             much
             in
             hand
             to
             break
             the
             strength
             of
             the
             Aet●lians
             ,
             (
             yet
             they
             were
             enemies
             ,
             )
             
               quantum
               ,
               non
               supra
               modum
               Philippum
               crescere
               ,
            
             as
             it
             doth
             to
             see
             that
             Philip
             grow
             not
             too
             potent
             ,
             who
             was
             their
             friend
             .
          
           
             The
             difference
             in
             Religion
             may
             bring
             likewise
             a
             twofold
             danger
             .
             The
             one
             with
             our
             Confederates
             ,
             the
             other
             with
             the
             Subjects
             of
             this
             Crown
             .
          
           
           
             For
             whensoever
             we
             shall
             attempt
             upon
             a
             
               Catholick
               Prince
            
             ,
             as
             France
             ,
             where
             we
             have
             the
             fairest
             pretences
             ,
             for
             with
             any
             other
             we
             are
             like
             to
             have
             no
             question
             ;
             then
             is
             all
             Contract
             of
             mutual
             aide
             left
             to
             the
             election
             of
             our
             Confederate
             ,
             
             who
             may
             with
             all
             easiness
             procure
             from
             the
             See
             of
             Rome
             a
             discharge
             of
             all
             Contracts
             ,
             although
             they
             were
             by
             Oath
             .
             For
             if
             in
             Leagues
             where
             either
             party
             have
             been
             Catholicks
             ,
             as
             that
             between
             Edward
             3.
             and
             John
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             and
             that
             between
             John
             of
             Gaunt
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Castile
             ;
             they
             ever
             out
             of
             such
             suspect
             inserted
             this
             Clause
             ,
             That
             neither
             side
             should
             procure
             dispensationem
             ,
             &c.
             either
             
               per
               Ecclesiam
               Romanam
               ,
               vel
               per
               aliquam
               aliquam
               ,
            
             a
             Dispensation
             either
             by
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             way
             ,
             to
             do
             
               contra
               formam
               Tractatus
            
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             form
             of
             Agreement
             :
             How
             much
             more
             must
             their
             jealousie
             be
             to
             us
             ?
             And
             therefore
             in
             a
             Consultation
             in
             Henry
             the
             eighths
             time
             ,
             a
             whether
             with
             best
             security
             we
             should
             Confederate
             with
             France
             or
             Spain
             ,
             it
             was
             resolved
             that
             either
             of
             them
             may
             slip
             of
             their
             advantage
             by
             colour
             of
             our
             Separation
             from
             
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             ,
             
             if
             there
             be
             no
             better
             hold
             in
             their
             Honesties
             than
             in
             their
             Bonds
             .
             For
             it
             will
             be
             held
             not
             only
             worthy
             dispensation
             ,
             but
             merit
             to
             break
             all
             Leagues
             with
             the
             enemies
             of
             that
             Church
             ,
             by
             the
             Doctrine
             of
             that
             See
             ;
             which
             teacheth
             all
             Contracts
             
             with
             any
             Catholick
             Prince
             to
             be
             instanti
             dissolved
             ,
             because
             we
             are
             by
             them
             ranked
             in
             the
             list
             of
             Hereticks
             ;
             which
             holds
             proportion
             with
             the
             Rule
             and
             Direction
             that
             Urban
             the
             sixth
             sent
             by
             a
             Bull
             to
             Wenceslaus
             King
             of
             Bohemia
             ,
             and
             Charles
             the
             Emperour
             ,
             (
             before
             the
             Council
             of
             
               Constance
               ,
            
             )
             declaring
             all
             Confederations
             ,
             Leagues
             and
             Conventions
             to
             be
             
               Lege
               Divina
               temerariae
               ,
               illicitae
               ,
               &
               ipso
               jure
               nullae
               ,
               etiamsi
               forent
               fide
               data
               firmatae
               ,
               aut
               Confirmatione
               Apostolica
               roboratae
               ,
            
             to
             be
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             God
             invalid
             ,
             void
             ,
             and
             in
             Law
             null
             ,
             although
             confirmed
             by
             the
             plighting
             of
             faith
             ,
             nay
             though
             strengthned
             by
             confirmation
             Apostolical
             ,
             if
             the
             parties
             were
             
               separati
               ab
               Unitate
               sanctae
               Ecclesiae
            
             ,
             separate
             from
             the
             Unity
             of
             Holy
             Church
             ,
             
             when
             the
             league
             was
             made
             ;
             or
             ,
             
               si
               postea
               sint
               effecti
            
             ,
             if
             they
             become
             so
             after
             .
             What
             assurance
             can
             there
             then
             be
             either
             with
             France
             ,
             who
             is
             received
             ,
             by
             his
             Rebenediction
             ,
             into
             the
             Bosome
             of
             the
             Church
             ,
             and
             his
             son
             made
             
               Adoptivus
               Filius
               Ecclesiae
            
             ,
             an
             adopted
             Son
             of
             the
             Church
             ;
             or
             against
             him
             with
             Spain
             ,
             who
             being
             Protector
             and
             Champion
             of
             that
             See
             Apostolick
             ,
             submitteth
             himself
             (
             as
             he
             hath
             ever
             done
             )
             to
             the
             Popes
             pleasure
             and
             design
             ,
             and
             must
             not
             only
             forsake
             ,
             but
             aide
             against
             us
             in
             any
             war
             we
             should
             there
             undertake
             ?
          
           
             
             Besides
             it
             is
             considerable
             ,
             howsoever
             
             all
             sides
             of
             our
             own
             will
             joyn
             in
             point
             of
             defence
             to
             a
             mutual
             aide
             ;
             whether
             they
             will
             so
             in
             a
             forraign
             Invasion
             ;
             (
             especially
             when
             the
             party
             assailed
             shall
             be
             of
             their
             own
             Religion
             .
             )
             For
             when
             the
             Interdiction
             of
             the
             Pope
             could
             draw
             against
             John
             King
             of
             England
             and
             a
             Lewis
             the
             twelfth
             a
             side
             of
             their
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             (
             as
             it
             did
             after
             in
             the
             same
             Kingdom
             against
             Henry
             the
             third
             ,
             though
             all
             three
             conformable
             in
             points
             of
             Religion
             to
             that
             See
             ;
             )
             how
             much
             more
             will
             it
             
             work
             with
             the
             people
             devoted
             to
             their
             opinions
             in
             a
             State
             divided
             from
             their
             obedience
             ?
             For
             amongst
             us
             the
             
               Catholick
               Church
            
             hath
             many
             Jesuits
             to
             raise
             Faction
             ,
             and
             divert
             people
             from
             duty
             ;
             the
             Recusants
             many
             ,
             and
             Malecontents
             not
             few
             ;
             all
             which
             with
             war
             will
             discover
             themselves
             ,
             but
             now
             by
             this
             happy
             calm
             unassured
             of
             assistance
             ,
             lock
             up
             their
             riches
             in
             security
             ,
             and
             their
             hearts
             in
             silence
             .
             And
             therefore
             by
             any
             enterprize
             ,
             it
             is
             not
             with
             the
             rule
             of
             Seneca
             safe
             ,
             
               concutere
               felicem
               statum
            
             .
             For
             by
             provoking
             of
             some
             adversary
             in
             respect
             of
             Papal
             protection
             ,
             they
             pick
             advantage
             to
             ground
             a
             quarrel
             of
             Religion
             :
             and
             then
             the
             
               sancta
               expeditio
            
             ,
             the
             holy
             expedition
             against
             Lewis
             ,
             will
             be
             made
             
               Bellum
               Sacrum
            
             ,
             a
             holy
             War
             against
             us
             .
          
           
             But
             admitting
             no
             less
             than
             in
             former
             times
             an
             easiness
             to
             attempt
             ;
             it
             is
             not
             a
             meditation
             unnecessary
             to
             think
             in
             general
             of
             the
             dangers
             and
             impossibilities
             to
             retain
             .
             For
             first
             we
             must
             more
             than
             transgress
             
               Limites
               quos
               posuerunt
               Patres
            
             ,
             the
             Bounds
             which
             our
             Fathers
             owned
             ;
             and
             relinquish
             that
             defence
             of
             Nature
             ,
             wherewith
             she
             hath
             incircled
             ,
             divided
             ,
             and
             secured
             us
             from
             the
             whole
             world
             ;
          
           
             
             
               a
               
                 (
                 Te
                 natura
                 potens
                 Pelago
                 divisit
                 ab
                 omni
              
            
             
               
                 Parte
                 orbis
                 ,
                 tutaut
                 semper
                 ab
                 hoste
                 fores
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               From
               all
               the
               Earth
               Nature
               hath
               parted
               thee
            
             
               With
               Seas
               ,
               and
               set
               thee
               safe
               from
               Enemy
               .
               )
            
          
           
             and
             commit
             our
             Frontiers
             (
             had
             we
             never
             so
             much
             
             upon
             the
             next
             Continent
             )
             to
             the
             protection
             of
             an
             Army
             ,
             which
             besides
             the
             continual
             Charge
             ,
             if
             we
             give
             Ambitious
             and
             able
             Commanders
             ,
             (
             as
             unable
             ,
             for
             our
             Interest
             we
             will
             not
             ,
             )
             how
             ready
             shall
             it
             be
             in
             such
             a
             Leader
             ,
             and
             so
             backt
             ,
             if
             he
             please
             ,
             to
             give
             Law
             to
             his
             own
             Countrey
             ?
             For
             Trifles
             will
             be
             quarrels
             good
             enough
             for
             such
             as
             can
             make
             them
             good
             by
             Power
             ;
             And
             whensoever
             means
             and
             Ambition
             leads
             any
             to
             trouble
             the
             State
             ,
             he
             will
             be
             sure
             to
             colour
             his
             pretext
             with
             honest
             Titles
             .
             b
             
               Alii
               ,
               sicuti
               Jura
               populi
               defenderent
               ;
               Pars
               ,
               quo
               Senatus
               authoritas
               maxima
               foret
               ,
               bonum
               publicum
               simulantes
               :
            
             some
             declaring
             to
             maintain
             the
             rights
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             others
             to
             uphold
             the
             authority
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             all
             pretending
             to
             act
             for
             the
             publick
             good
             .
             Hence
             was
             it
             that
             Augustus
             c
             refused
             to
             add
             any
             more
             of
             the
             Barbarous
             Nations
             to
             the
             body
             of
             his
             Empire
             ,
             which
             with
             great
             facility
             he
             might
             have
             done
             ;
             d
             and
             to
             restrain
             that
             infinite
             and
             unsafe
             desire
             of
             enlarging
             ,
             left
             in
             Charge
             to
             his
             Successors
             that
             especial
             point
             of
             advice
             ,
             e
             
               coercendi
               intra
               Terminos
               Imperii
            
             ,
             to
             keep
             the
             Empire
             within
             due
             and
             fitting
             bounds
             .
             The
             like
             moderation
             from
             the
             same
             ground
             was
             in
             the
             late
             Queen
             ,
             who
             refused
             the
             soveraignty
             of
             the
             Netherlands
             ,
             f
             so
             often
             and
             earnestly
             offered
             to
             her
             ,
             fore-seeing
             well
             ,
             that
             as
             
             her
             State
             should
             grow
             more
             respective
             by
             addition
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             augmentation
             of
             Territory
             ;
             so
             Factions
             and
             Discontents
             (
             a
             common
             accident
             in
             worldly
             affairs
             )
             would
             arise
             from
             superfluity
             .
             The
             State
             that
             may
             best
             admit
             increase
             is
             that
             ,
             unto
             which
             addition
             may
             be
             on
             every
             part
             indifferently
             .
             
             Such
             was
             the
             advantage
             of
             Rome
             ,
             by
             being
             situate
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             Europe
             :
             whereas
             we
             are
             thrust
             out
             of
             the
             world
             ;
             to
             which
             we
             have
             no
             other
             contiguity
             ,
             than
             an
             unsure
             element
             of
             fluxible
             foundation
             ,
             the
             Sea
             ,
             subject
             to
             tempest
             ,
             contrariety
             of
             wind
             ,
             and
             more
             commodious
             for
             a
             potent
             enemy
             to
             intercept
             ,
             than
             our selves
             to
             secure
             .
             For
             how
             large
             soever
             any
             Kingdom
             is
             ,
             all
             great
             directions
             move
             from
             one
             place
             ,
             commonly
             from
             one
             man
             ,
             as
             the
             Heart
             in
             the
             Body
             .
             It
             is
             therefore
             necessary
             that
             the
             seat
             be
             so
             placed
             ,
             tha●…
             as
             well
             Intelligence
             as
             Dispatch
             may
             safely
             pas●…
             with
             indifferency
             and
             assured
             Speed
             :
             And
             tho●…
             Forms
             are
             most
             quick
             and
             easie
             in
             motion
             ,
             whose
             extreams
             are
             all
             equally
             distant
             from
             the
             Centre
             ;
             for
             the
             more
             different
             from
             the
             Circle
             ,
             the
             more
             slow
             and
             hard
             .
             Rome
             may
             sufficiently
             example
             this
             :
             For
             so
             long
             as
             the
             Orbe
             of
             that
             Empire
             so
             moved
             about
             her
             ,
             all
             things
             kept
             on
             their
             course
             with
             order
             ,
             and
             ease
             ;
             but
             after
             the
             Seat
             was
             by
             a
             Constantine
             removed
             to
             an
             extremity
             of
             the
             Circle
             ,
             it
             stood
             a
             while
             still
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             end
             dissolved
             .
             For
             either
             through
             the
             mass
             of
             Business
             ,
             the
             limitedness
             of
             any
             mans
             sufficiency
             ,
             or
             impossibility
             to
             consider
             all
             due
             Circumstances
             but
             in
             
               re
               praesenti
            
             ,
             there
             must
             fall
             out
             infinite
             defects
             in
             the
             directions
             .
             Or
             if
             none
             ,
             either
             by
             reason
             of
             Distance
             they
             come
             too
             late
             ,
             or
             if
             nor
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             remisness
             ,
             he
             who
             is
             to
             execute
             will
             be
             bolder
             with
             his
             Instructions
             
             than
             is
             fit
             for
             a
             Minister
             to
             be
             .
             How
             dangerous
             ●s
             it
             then
             by
             addition
             of
             Territories
             for
             our
             Master
             ,
             a
             
               Alterum
               pene
               Imperio
               nostro
               &
               suo
               ●tuaerenti
               Orbem
               ,
            
             whilst
             he
             is
             seeking
             to
             joyn
             another
             world
             ,
             in
             a
             manner
             to
             his
             and
             our
             Empire
             ,
             to
             alter
             either
             the
             setled
             order
             of
             directions
             ,
             or
             walls
             of
             our
             security
             ?
             Besides
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Frames
             of
             Nature
             
               Anima
               rationalis
            
             ,
             the
             rational
             soul
             cannot
             informare
             ,
             give
             life
             ,
             sense
             ,
             or
             discourse
             to
             the
             matter
             of
             an
             Elephant
             or
             a
             Fly
             ;
             (
             or
             any
             other
             body
             disproportionable
             to
             a
             form
             so
             qualified
             :
             )
             so
             is
             there
             as
             well
             a
             bound
             of
             amplitude
             and
             strictness
             wherein
             the
             soul
             of
             Government
             is
             comprised
             ;
             b
             Between
             which
             extreams
             there
             are
             many
             degrees
             of
             Latitude
             ,
             some
             approaching
             to
             the
             greatest
             (
             that
             nature
             seldome
             or
             never
             produceth
             )
             some
             to
             the
             least
             ,
             and
             some
             to
             the
             mean
             ;
             ●eyond
             which
             proportions
             respectively
             though
             ●ome
             may
             have
             a
             will
             to
             affect
             ,
             they
             never
             can
             ●ave
             a
             power
             to
             attain
             .
             And
             this
             we
             may
             see
             in
             the
             former
             accession
             of
             so
             much
             to
             us
             in
             France
             ,
             which
             we
             could
             never
             either
             with
             Profit
             or
             Assurance
             retain
             ,
             being
             gotten
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             and
             but
             tacked
             to
             by
             Garrison
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             Hereditary
             Monarchies
             .
             For
             some
             Kingdoms
             (
             in
             which
             number
             this
             may
             be
             accounted
             )
             are
             of
             the
             same
             condition
             that
             Demosthenes
             c
             maketh
             the
             
               Athenians
               :
               Non
               ea
               vestra
               ingenia
               sunt
               ,
               ut
               ipsi
               aliis
               vi
               oppressis
               Imperia
               teneatis
               ;
               sed
               in
               eo
               magnae
               sunt
               vires
               vestrae
               ,
               ut
               alium
               potiri
               principatu
               prohibeatis
               ,
               aut
               potitum
               exturbetis
            
             ;
             It
             is
             not
             your
             way
             ,
             violently
             to
             oppress
             other
             States
             and
             seize
             the
             Government
             ;
             but
             in
             this
             is
             your
             strength
             manifest
             ,
             that
             you
             can
             hinder
             another
             from
             possessing
             the
             Government
             ,
             or
             when
             he
             is
             possessed
             of
             it
             ,
             
             throw
             him
             out
             again
             .
             Since
             then
             by
             Situation
             and
             Power
             we
             are
             the
             fittest
             ,
             either
             to
             combine
             or
             keep
             several
             the
             most
             potent
             and
             warlike
             Nations
             of
             the
             West
             ,
             it
             is
             the
             best
             for
             Safety
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             for
             Honour
             ,
             to
             remain
             as
             we
             were
             ,
             Arbiters
             of
             Europe
             ,
             and
             so
             by
             Neutrality
             sway
             still
             the
             Ballance
             
             of
             our
             mightiest
             Neighbours
             :
             which
             by
             holding
             of
             our
             hands
             ,
             and
             only
             looking
             on
             ,
             we
             shall
             easily
             do
             ,
             since
             Spain
             and
             France
             hang
             so
             indifferently
             ,
             that
             a
             little
             weight
             will
             cast
             the
             Beam
             ;
             imploying
             ours
             ,
             as
             Claudius
             did
             his
             Forces
             in
             a
             
               Germany
               ,
               ut
               subsidio
               victis
               ,
               Victoribus
               terrori
               essent
               ,
               ne
               forte
               elati
               Pacem
               turbarent
               ,
            
             to
             assist
             the
             Conquered
             party
             ,
             and
             to
             over-awe
             the
             Victor
             ,
             lest
             he
             should
             be
             puffed
             up
             with
             pride
             ,
             and
             disturb
             our
             peace
             .
             Thus
             did
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             with
             the
             French
             and
             Spanish
             Princes
             ,
             using
             as
             his
             Motto
             of
             Honour
             and
             Power
             this
             ,
             
               Cui
               adhaereo
               praeest
            
             ,
             He
             rules
             whom
             I
             stick
             to
             .
             And
             the
             late
             Queen
             studied
             rather
             how
             to
             guard
             her
             Allies
             ,
             than
             to
             inlarge
             her
             Dominions
             ,
             multiplying
             her
             Leagues
             more
             by
             giving
             than
             receiving
             gratuities
             :
             winking
             at
             her
             own
             wrongs
             ,
             rather
             than
             willing
             to
             revenge
             .
             And
             (
             as
             the
             great
             Mistris
             of
             the
             world
             once
             )
             did
             what
             rather
             became
             her
             Greatness
             ,
             than
             what
             severity
             of
             Armes
             required
             .
             Hence
             were
             her
             Seas
             for
             the
             most
             part
             freed
             from
             Pirates
             ,
             and
             her
             Land
             here
             cleared
             of
             Enemies
             .
             For
             according
             to
             Micipsae's
             counsel
             to
             
               Jugurth
               ,
               Non
               exercitus
               ,
               neque
               Thesauri
               praesidia
               Regni
               sunt
            
             ;
             Neither
             Armies
             nor
             Treasure
             are
             the
             safety
             of
             a
             Kingdom
             :
             but
             such
             Allies
             as
             neither
             Armes
             constrain
             ,
             nor
             moneys
             purchase
             ,
             
               sed
               officio
               &
               fide
               pariuntur
            
             .
             And
             since
             by
             fortune
             of
             the
             times
             succeeding
             ,
             this
             State
             hath
             grown
             more
             upon
             Opinion
             than
             Deed
             ,
             and
             that
             
             we
             know
             
               Mag
               is
               fama
               quam
               vi
               stare
               res
               nostras
               ,
            
             that
             our
             affairs
             stand
             rather
             by
             Fame
             than
             Force
             ;
             it
             is
             most
             safe
             ,
             neither
             to
             discover
             weakness
             ,
             nor
             
             hazzard
             loss
             by
             any
             attempt
             .
             Besides
             ,
             standing
             as
             we
             do
             no
             wayes
             obnoxious
             by
             Site
             to
             any
             of
             our
             Neighbours
             ,
             they
             will
             alwayes
             be
             ready
             to
             referr
             the
             judgement
             and
             order
             of
             their
             differences
             to
             us
             .
             As
             the
             a
             Brabanters
             and
             Henowayes
             did
             to
             the
             Arbitrement
             of
             Edward
             the
             third
             :
             and
             b
             Charles
             the
             fifth
             and
             Francis
             the
             French
             King
             the
             decision
             of
             their
             quarrel
             to
             Henry
             the
             eighth
             .
             Thus
             every
             part
             shall
             wooe
             us
             ,
             all
             Princes
             by
             their
             Orators
             shall
             resort
             unto
             us
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Common
             Consistory
             of
             judgement
             in
             their
             debates
             ,
             and
             thereby
             add
             more
             to
             our
             Reputation
             than
             any
             power
             of
             our
             own
             .
             For
             as
             well
             in
             States
             as
             in
             Persons
             ,
             Suitors
             are
             an
             infallible
             token
             of
             Greatness
             ;
             which
             Demosthenes
             c
             told
             the
             Athenians
             they
             had
             lost
             ,
             since
             none
             resorted
             to
             their
             Curia
             or
             Praetorium
             .
             By
             this
             way
             shall
             we
             gain
             the
             Seat
             of
             
               Honour
               ,
               Riches
            
             ,
             and
             Safety
             ;
             and
             in
             all
             other
             but
             endless
             
               Expence
               ,
               Trouble
            
             and
             Danger
             .
          
           
             
               Robert
               Cotton
               Bruceus
               .
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A34711-e240
           
             Sr.
             Tho.
             Brown.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A34711-e580
           
             a
             Pansae
             &
             Hirtii
             consilium
             Caesari
             .
          
           
             a
             Velleius
             Paterculus
             .
          
           
             a
             Tacit
             .
             An.
             10.
             
          
           
             b
             Ju●…l
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A34711-e1170
           
             a
             Sil.
             Ital.
             lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             Examples
             of
             the
             affection
             of
             our
             Kings
             successively
             to
             Peace
             .
          
           
             a
             Benedictus
             Monachus
             in
             vita
             H.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             pag.
             214.
             
          
           
             c
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             additam
             .
             Prosperi
             Aquitaniae
             Episc
             .
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             anno
             secundo
             E.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             anno
             5
             Ed.
             3.
             n.
             r.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rotul
             .
             ●arl
             .
             anno
             17
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Franci●
             an
             .
             19.
             m.
             10.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             ●o●
             .
             Claus
             ▪
             〈…〉
             20
             E.
             3.
             m.
             16.
             part
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             e
             Iiv
             .
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             anno
             2
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             22
             Ed.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
             Similiter
             8
             R.
             2.
             
             Claus
             .
             m.
             34.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             25
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             28
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             29
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Liv.
             l.
             5.
             
             Dec.
             5.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Chart.
             origin
             .
             de
             renunciat
             .
             in
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             anno
             45
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             7
             R.
             2.
             n.
             17.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             contract
             .
             origin
             .
             inter
             Owinum
             Glendowr
             &
             Regem
             Franciae
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             11
             Hen.
             4.
             n.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             4
             Hen.
             5.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             14
             H.
             6.
             n.
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Artic.
             in
             Consilio
             contra
             D.
             Somerset
             .
          
           
             e
             Int.
             Record
             .
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Bulla
             Pap.
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tractat●
             origin
             .
             in
             l.
             B.
             266.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             procla
             .
             E.
             6.
             de
             e●peditione
             contra
             Scotos
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Cambrensi
             .
             1569.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             proc●
             .
             anno
             3.
             
             Eliz.
             
          
           
             Examples
             of
             Invasion
             drawn
             from
             the
             attempts
             of
             others
             .
          
           
             Ex
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10
             E.
             3.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Fran●
             .
             in
             dorso
             .
             22
             E.
             3.
             m.
             6.
             
          
           
             Nobility
             in
             dislike
             of
             forraign
             expeditions
             have
             rebelled
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             pat
             .
             &
             claus
             .
             de
             annis
             40
             ,
             41
             ,
             42
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Cominei
             censura
             de
             com
             .
             char
             .
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Burthen
             of
             personal
             service
             grievous
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Parl.
             de
             annis
             20
             Rich.
             2.
             6.
             
             &
             9
             Hen.
             4.
             1.
             
             &
             7
             Hen.
             5.
             
          
           
             Burthen
             of
             charge
             grievous
             ,
             ground
             of
             much
             trouble
             and
             oppression
             .
          
           
             a
             Cicero
             Epist
             .
             ad
             Att.
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Radulpho
             Gogeshal
             .
             de
             anno
             8
             Joannis
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Matth.
             ●estm
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             hist
             .
             minori
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             hist
             .
             ma.
             p.
             780.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Joann●
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Matth.
             Paris
             pag.
             32.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Matth.
             Westm
             .
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             anno
             5
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Cassiodori
             Var.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Alm.
             m.
             22.
             
          
           
             d
             The.
             Walsingham
             .
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             44
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Alm.
             12
             E.
             3.
             m.
             22
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             de
             an
             .
             2
             ,
             3
             ,
             5
             ,
             7
             ,
             8
             ,
             &
             9
             R.
             2.
             
             &
             Claus●
             anno
             8
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             chron●
             S.
             Albani
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             d
             In
             Bundel
             Inquisitionum
             ,
             anno
             20.
             &
             anno
             24
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             lib.
             Abbat
             .
             de
             〈◊〉
             a●●●ey
             .
          
           
             b
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Adam
             ●erimouth
             in
             vita
             Ed.
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             e
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             majori
             .
          
           
             Military
             Education
             cause
             of
             trouble
             in
             the
             state
             .
          
           
             Heads
             of
             dangerous
             Rebellions
             have
             been
             only
             such
             as
             by
             Command
             in
             War
             have
             forgot
             to
             obey
             in
             Peace
             .
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             Paris
             anno
             5
             Joan.
             
          
           
             b
             Willielm
             .
             de
             Rishanger
             in
             Historia
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Charta
             con●ess
             .
             Baronibus
             an
             〈◊〉
             49
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             Verba
             Ducis
             Somerset
             .
             contra
             Ducem
             Eborac
             .
             coram
             Rege
             .
          
           
             Many
             disorders
             in
             the
             State
             by
             return
             of
             the
             common
             Souldier
             .
          
           
             a
             Parl.
             anno
             22
             Hen.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Frois●r●…
             
          
           
             Exhausting
             of
             the
             people
             no
             Necessity
             but
             Danger
             .
          
           
             a
             Beda
             Hist
             .
             Eccl.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rot.
             Franciae
             an
             .
             22
             Ed.
             1.
             
          
           
             
               (
               c
            
             )
             Ex
             Rot.
             Original
             .
             in
             Arch.
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             an
             .
             7
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             Better
             to
             disburthen
             the
             state
             by
             Colony
             than
             War.
             
          
           
             Profit
             of
             war.
             Expence
             of
             money
             ,
             Munition
             and
             men
             .
          
           
             A
             summary
             of
             all
             the
             exactions
             upon
             this
             State
             from
             the
             Conquest
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             late
             Queen
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             pag.
             8.
             
             &
             15.
             
          
           
             William
             Rufus
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             antiq
             .
             legibus
             Angliae
             .
          
           
             b
             Sillius
             Italicus
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Gualt
             .
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             W●stm
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Hen.
             Hunting
             .
          
           
             Stephen
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             hist
             .
             mon.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             Henry
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Gervas
             .
             Dorobernen
             .
             an
             .
             1159.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             lib.
             ●ub
             .
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Gervas
             .
             Doroborne●s
             .
          
           
             d
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Rossens
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
             Richard
             1.
             
          
           
             a
             Rub.
             liber
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             hist
             .
             min.
             
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
             Rub.
             lib.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Walt.
             Coventr
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Rog.
             Hoved.
             &
             Walt.
             Covent
             .
          
           
             e
             Tacit.
             annal
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             g
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Scerio
             .
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Walt.
             Covent
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             charta
             origin
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             p.
             209.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             c
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             &
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Scorio
             .
          
           
             King
             John.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             f
             Lib.
             Rub.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             h
             Ex
             lib.
             Rub.
             Sccrii
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             l
             Walt.
             Coventr
             .
             &
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             m
             Ex
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             b
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             &
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             d
             Mat.
             Paris
             hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             e
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             &
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             Henry
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Mat.
             Paris
             ,
             &
             ex
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             &
             finium
             an
             .
             12
             ,
             13
             ,
             15
             ,
             &
             19
             Hen.
             3.
             &
             ex
             lib.
             Chart.
             Cantuar.
             Episc
             .
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             8
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex.
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             ,
             &
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
             Claus
             .
             anno
             19
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Mat.
             Westmonast
             .
          
           
             l
             Ex
             statuto
             an
             .
             4.
             c.
             17.
             
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             16
             H.
             3.
             
             &
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             m
             Ex
             lib.
             Cantuar.
             Episc
             .
          
           
             n
             Ex
             Eversden
             &
             Paris
             .
          
           
             o
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             &
             Eversden
             &
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             16
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             b
             Rad.
             Cistrensis
             ,
             ex
             Eversden
             ,
             Paris
             &
             lib.
             Chart.
             Cant.
             Archiep.
             anno
             8
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Joan.
             Eversden
             ,
             Pat.
             an
             .
             3
             E.
             1.
             m.
             26.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             26
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             H.
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
             p.
             5171.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Rot.
             lib.
             an
             .
             26
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             h
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             a●no
             14
             H.
             3.
             8.
             
             &
             claus
             .
             12
             H.
             3.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             14
             H.
             3.
             n.
             7.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16
             H.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             14
             H.
             3.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             d
             Claus
             .
             in
             Dorso
             ,
             an
             .
             15
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             finium
             26
             H.
             3.
             m.
             4.
             
          
           
             Edward
             1.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             25
             E.
             1.
             m.
             3.
             sced
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             anno
             22
             E.
             1
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vasco
             .
             an
             .
             22
             E.
             1.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vas
             .
             an
             .
             22
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             31
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             Edward
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             8
             E.
             2.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             e
             Claus
             .
             16
             E.
             2.
             
             Claus
             .
             anno
             12
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             memor
             .
             Sccrii
             .
             an
             .
             10
             E.
             2.
             ex
             parte
             Rem
             .
             Thes●ur
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             anno
             22
             E.
             2.
             m.
             13.
             in
             sced
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             11.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             12.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             4
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             f
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             anno
             17
             E.
             2.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             g
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             34.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             m.
             29.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             6
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             m.
             10.
             &
             an
             .
             4.
             m.
             5.
             &
             an
             .
             9.
             
             &
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             10.
             m.
             12.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             8.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Scot.
             Dorso
             ,
             anno
             7.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             g
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             16.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             8
             E.
             2.
             
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             anno
             9.
             
          
           
             k
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             l
             Ex
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             7
             E.
             2.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             m
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Paterculo
             de
             Aug.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             11.
             &
             cla
             .
             an
             .
             15.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             3
             E.
             2.
             m.
             8.
             
             Dorso
             .
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             an
             .
             11.
             m.
             16.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             15.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             
               (
               g
            
             )
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             12.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             27.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             9.
             m.
             22.
             
             Dors
             .
             Cla.
             10.
             m.
             26.
             
             Claus
             .
             anno
             15.
             m.
             13.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             16.
             m.
             27.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             l
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             6.
             m.
             28.
             
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             7.
             m.
             2.
             claus
             .
             anno
             8.
             m.
             30.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             12.
             
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             6.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             18.
             m.
             21.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             15
             E.
             2.
             ●n
             .
             14.
             
             Rot.
             finium
             ,
             anno
             15.
             m.
             16.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             9.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             16.
             m.
             12.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             15.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13
             E.
             2.
             m.
             1.
             
          
           
             e
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             13.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             f
             Pat.
             an
             .
             48
             E.
             3.
             m.
             10.
             
          
           
             Edward
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             20
             E.
             3.
             m.
             22.
             in
             dorso
             .
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1
             E.
             3.
             
             Rot.
             Sco.
             anno
             1
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             2
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             m.
             9.
             
             &
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             12.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13
             E.
             3.
             m.
             15.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             1
             E.
             3.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             1.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             1.
             
          
           
             d
             Parla
             .
             an
             .
             13
             E.
             3.
             
             Parla
             .
             anno
             14
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             46.
             
          
           
             f
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1
             E.
             3.
             m.
             1.
             
          
           
             g
             Parl.
             an
             .
             22
             E.
             3.
             n.
             9.
             
          
           
             
               Richard
               2.
               a
            
             Parl.
             an
             .
             2
             ,
             &
             14.
             
             Rot.
             2.
             n.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             2
             R.
             2.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Tacit.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             annis
             3
             ,
             4
             ,
             &
             5
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1
             H.
             4.
             n.
             32.
             
          
           
             Henry
             4.
             
          
           
             a
             Hist
             .
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             .
          
           
             Henry
             5.
             
          
           
             Henry
             6.
             
          
           
             Nota
             First
             Monopolie
             .
          
           
             *
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             18
             Hen.
             6.
             n.
             38.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             P●terculo
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             2
             ,
             &
             8
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             Edward
             4.
             
          
           
             d
             Placita
             coronae
             .
          
           
             e
             Chron.
             Fabiani
             .
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             12
             E.
             4.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Parl.
             
          
           
             Edward
             5.
             
          
           
             Richard
             3.
             
          
           
             Henry
             7.
             
          
           
             a
             Fabiar
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             litera
             missa
             Abbatiss
             .
             Barking
             manu
             Regis
             H.
             7.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             litera
             Ducis
             Norfolciae
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             lib.
             Acquit
             .
             in
             t
             .
             Regem
             &
             Dudly
             R.
             C.
             
          
           
             Henry
             8.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             originali
             signat
             .
             man●
             Regis
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             originali
             Instructione
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             instruct
             .
             originali
             an
             .
             14
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             21
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             Edward
             6.
             
          
           
             Q.
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             Princes
             extremities
             beyond
             the
             ease
             of
             their
             people
             by
             reason
             of
             wars
             .
             Credit
             of
             Kings
             so
             much
             impaired
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             borrow
             ,
             but
             upon
             surety
             and
             extream
             interest
             .
          
           
             a
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             13
             E.
             3.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             Nota.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             Thomae
             Gresham
             ,
             anno
             1557.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             Willielm
             .
             Herle
             16.
             
             August
             .
             an
             .
             5
             Eliz.
             Similiter
             .
          
           
             c
             Thomae
             Gresham
             .
             1563
             &
             76.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             litera
             Edw.
             Lee
             orat
             .
             Regis
             H.
             8.
             in
             Hisp.
             anno
             28.
             
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             abate
             their
             hospitality
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             18
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             hist
             .
             majori
             Matth.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             pawn
             and
             sell
             their
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             51
             H.
             3.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             contract
             .
             orig
             .
             &
             Hist
             .
             Norman
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Vasc
             .
             5
             E.
             2.
             
             Rot.
             ●n●um
             an
             .
             8.
             
             Rot.
             cui
             titulus
             ,
             extract
             .
             de
             donationib
             .
             a.
             9.
             
             &
             10
             E.
             2.
             
             
               Kings
               enforced
               to
               make
               Resumption
               of
               their
               Lands
               .
            
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1
             Hen.
             5.
             n.
             12.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             28
             H.
             6.
             
             &
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             legibus
             Theodos
             .
             &
             Valentinian
             .
             in
             Codice
             .
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             pawn
             and
             sell
             their
             Jewels
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             26
             H.
             3.
             m.
             1.
             
             Similiter
             an
             .
             56
             H.
             3.
             in
             21.
             m.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Pat.
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             2
             E.
             1.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             d
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             origin
             .
             de
             anno
             6
             R.
             2.
             
             Rot.
             17.
             
          
           
             f
             Pat.
             an
             .
             3
             H.
             4.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Pat.
             an
             .
             10
             Hen.
             6.
             
             Pat.
             anno
             12
             H.
             6.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             h
             Pat.
             an
             .
             29
             H.
             6.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             pawn
             their
             Regal
             Crown
             .
          
           
             i
             Pat.
             Pars
             1.
             an
             .
             17
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             k
             Pat.
             an
             .
             24.
             m.
             21.
             
          
           
             l
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             30
             E.
             3.
             
             Com.
             de
             Ter.
             Hill.
             38
             E.
             3.
             ex
             parte
             Rem
             .
             Regis
             .
          
           
             a
             Pat.
             an
             .
             5
             H.
             3.
             m.
             23.
             &
             similiter
             an
             .
             9.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             51
             H.
             3.
             m.
             17.
             
             &
             18.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             historia
             Guicciardini
             .
          
           
             (
             a
             )
             Ex
             hist
             .
             S.
             Albani
             .
          
           
             In
             place
             of
             spoil
             the
             Souldiers
             return
             oppressed
             with
             extream
             Beggery
             .
          
           
             a
             Lucan
             .
             de
             Bello
             Civili
             lib.
             7.
             
          
           
             b
             Mat.
             Paris
             pag.
             580.
             
          
           
             c
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             p.
             1358.
             
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             Paris
             pag.
             909.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             lit
             .
             Cardin.
             Wolsri
             ad
             Card.
             So
             drin
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             Rich.
             Wingfield
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             lit
             .
             Tho.
             Wolsey
             Episc
             .
             Lincoln
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             computo
             in
             Archivis
             Rob.
             Com.
             Salisb.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             tractat
             .
             an
             .
             1598.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             computo
             deliberat
             .
             Domino
             Thesaur
             .
             Burleigh
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             computo
             Joannis
             Hawkins
             Thesaur
             .
             Naviae
             .
          
           
             *
             Hor.
             Epo
             .
             7.
             
          
           
             Forraign
             Dominions
             alwaies
             charge
             ,
             no
             benefit
             .
          
           
             Example
             in
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             c
             Mat.
             Par.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             legibus
             antiquis
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             lib.
             Rubro
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             lib.
             Pipnell
             .
          
           
             e
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             f
             Mat.
             Paris
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Archiv
             .
             de
             redit
             .
             Norman
             .
             tempore
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             origin
             .
             Instr
             .
             Domini
             Scrope
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex
             libro
             Domini
             Carew
             de
             anno
             1
             ,
             &
             2
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             de
             an
             .
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             l
             Ex
             lib.
             originali
             Roberti
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             〈◊〉
             17
             H.
             6.
             n.
             27.
             
          
           
             Aquitain
             ,
             Gascoign
             ,
             Guien
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             liber
             .
             anno
             26
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             an
             .
             22
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             d
             Mat.
             Paris
             pag.
             598.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Willi●lmde
             O●…erhampton
             ,
             anno
             17
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Pat.
             an
             .
             〈◊〉
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Richardi
             Longley
             an
             .
             36
             E.
             3.
             in
             Thesaur
             .
             Regis
             Westmon
             .
             —
             in
             Rot.
             Aquitaniae
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             7
             R.
             2.
             m.
             24.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             17
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Walt.
             de
             Weston
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Tho.
             Swinburn
             anno
             10
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Joannis
             Tiptoft
             an
             .
             1
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Will.
             Clifford
             &
             Robert.
             Holme
             an
             .
             5
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             an
             .
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             Brittany
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             Brest
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             2
             R.
             2.
             
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Tho.
             Parry
             Cust
             .
             Castri
             de
             Brest
             ,
             a.
             9
             R.
             2.
             
             Callis
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Williel
             .
             Horwell
             in
             Thesaur
             .
             Regis
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Richardi
             Eccleshall
             de
             an
             .
             28
             ,
             29
             ,
             &
             30
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex.
             Rot.
             Par.
             anno
             2
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Rob.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Simonis
             de
             Burg.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Comp.
             Rog.
             de
             Wald.
             an
             .
             13
             R.
             2.
             
             &
             15.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Comp.
             Joannis
             Bernam
             ,
             an
             .
             23
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Ro.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Comp.
             Ni●h
             .
             ●ske
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Comp.
             Rob.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comp.
             Rob.
             Salvi●
             ,
             de
             an
             .
             5
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             27.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             31.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             33.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Parl.
             4
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Comp.
             Majoris
             Stapulae
             anno
             1
             R.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Comp.
             origin
             .
             inter
             Chartas
             Roberti
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Comp.
             Domini
             Lisle
             .
          
           
             l
             Ex
             lib.
             de
             expens
             .
             Bellor
             .
             H.
             8.
             
             &
             E.
             6.
             in
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbur
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             litera
             Archiep.
             Cant.
             Card.
             Wolsey
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             litera
             Thomae
             Smith
             Secret.
             anno
             1567.
             3
             
             Maii.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Comp.
             Joannis
             Tiptoft
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comp.
             Hen.
             Percy
             ,
             anno
             1
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             c
             Parl.
             an
             .
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             comp
             .
             Williel
             .
             de
             Brumleigh
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             comp
             .
             Nicol.
             Episc
             .
             Meth
             ,
             an
             .
             30
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Comp.
             Tho.
             Scurlay
             .
             an
             .
             50
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Comp.
             Joan.
             Spencer
             ,
             de
             annis
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             an
             .
             11
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             annot
             .
             Dom.
             Burleigh
             ex
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comp.
             Rad.
             Lane.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Comp.
             in
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             Thesour
             .
             Angliae
             .
          
           
             Addition
             of
             any
             forraign
             Title
             no
             Honour
             .
          
           
             d
             Baldus
             .
          
           
             Stile
             of
             Normandy
             and
             Aquitain
             ,
             accounted
             by
             our
             Kings
             a
             Vassalage
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             of
             France
             restrained
             by
             petition
             in
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             France
             possessed
             would
             leave
             us
             to
             the
             misery
             of
             a
             Province
             .
          
           
             a
             Tacit.
             in
             vita
             Agricolae
             .
          
           
             To
             enterprise
             any
             war
             ,
             not
             so
             easie
             .
          
           
             Means
             of
             success
             formerly
             .
          
           
             Advantage
             of
             Place
             and
             Party
             .
             Advantage
             of
             Place
             .
          
           
             a
             Liv.
             lib.
             28.
             
          
           
             a
             Matth.
             Paris
             in
             vita
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Matth.
             Par.
             vita
             H●n
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             d
             Walsingham
             .
             T.
             Livius
             Foroliviensis
             in
             vita
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             Confederates
             were
             the
             only
             ground
             of
             all
             the
             good
             success
             .
          
           
             A
             list
             of
             all
             the
             Confederates
             from
             Hen.
             the
             firsts
             Reign
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             last
             Queen
             .
             Henry
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             orig
             .
             in
             Arch.
             Thes
             .
             West
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Radulph
             .
             de
             Diceto
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             orig
             .
             signat
             .
             à
             Comite
             &
             Castellanis
             ,
             in
             Thes
             .
             West
             .
             Richard
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Radulph
             .
             de
             Diceto
             .
          
           
             e
             Matth.
             Paris
             184.
             
          
           
             a
             Indorso
             Cla.
             an
             .
             1
             Joannis
             .
          
           
             King
             John.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
             Henry
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Dors
             .
             pat
             .
             11
             H.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             lib.
             an
             .
             14
             H.
             3.
             m.
             7.
             ex
             originali
             .
          
           
             e
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             13
             Edw.
             1.
             
          
           
             Edward
             1.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             origin
             .
             in
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             an
             .
             20.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             de
             an
             .
             22.
             
             &
             31.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             origin
             .
             sub
             sigillo
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             31.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             l
             Dors
             .
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             18.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             P●●
             .
             an
             .
             34.
             m.
             2●
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Vas●…
             an
             .
             9.
             
             &
             11.
             
          
           
             Edward
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             d
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             Edward
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Lib●…
             2.
             m.
             6.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             anno
             11.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             A●●wer
             .
             anno
             12.
             
          
           
             h
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Antwerp
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             14.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             25.
             
          
           
             d
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             e
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             19.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             f
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             24.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             originali
             de
             an
             .
             7.
             in
             lib.
             Rob.
             Cot.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             arig
             .
             in
             T●●●●
             .
             ●●st
             .
             de
             an
             .
             37.
             
             &
             41.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             origsub
             sigillo
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             origin
             .
             in
             Archiv
             .
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1
             R.
             2.
             
             Richard
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             2.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             6.
             n.
             11.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             in
             lib.
             It
             alico
             Rob.
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             6.
             m.
             28.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             16.
             &
             an
             .
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             16.
             &
             an
             .
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             l
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             20.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             m
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             2.
             
             H.
             4.
             
             &
             Rot.
             Fran.
             an
             .
             2
             &
             3.
             
             H.
             4.
             m.
             6.
             
             Henry
             4.
             
          
           
             n
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12
             H.
             4.
             m.
             21.
             
             Henry
             5.
             
          
           
             o
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Orig.
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Chron.
             Rogeri
             Wall.
             in
             vita
             H.
             5.
             an
             .
             5.
             
             &
             8.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             orig
             .
             31
             Aug.
             5
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             Henry
             6.
             
          
           
             
               (
               e
            
             )
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             origin
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Tractat.
             Alrabatensi
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Tract
             .
             Brugens
             .
             1442.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Tract
             .
             Callisiae
             1445.
             
             Ex
             Tractat.
             Bruxellensi
             1446.
             
          
           
             a
             Parl.
             an
             .
             7
             E.
             4.
             n.
             28.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             8.
             m.
             22.
             &
             ex
             contract
             .
             originali
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             11
             E.
             4.
             m.
             7
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             22.
             &
             ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Fran.
             an
             .
             14.
             m.
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Contr.
             de
             an
             .
             1487.
             pro
             solutione
             50000
             scutorum
             ad
             100.
             annos
             .
             Henry
             7.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Fran.
             an
             .
             5
             ,
             &
             6
             H.
             7.
             
             &
             Contr.
             orig
             .
             an
             .
             8
             H.
             7.
             
             Henry
             8.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             magno
             Intercusu
             de
             an
             .
             1495.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             tract
             .
             origin
             .
             de
             dat
             .
             1513.
             
          
           
             k
             Ex
             litera
             Max.
             Imp.
             Car.
             Ebor.
             dat
             .
             15.
             
          
           
             l
             Rot.
             Fran.
             anno
             7
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             m
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Bruxellens
             .
             1515.
             
          
           
             n
             Ex
             orig
             .
             subscript
             .
             card
             .
             Sedunensi
             de
             dat
             .
             1516.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Callis
             .
             an
             .
             1521
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             tract
             .
             orig
             .
             subscript
             .
             manu
             Card.
             Ebor.
             &
             Marg.
             Regent
             .
             24.
             
             August
             .
             1521.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Winsor
             .
             1522.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Cambrens
             .
             1529.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             tract
             .
             ultrajectens●
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             tract
             .
             de
             anno
             1543.
             
             Ex
             originali
             dat
             .
             ultimo
             Janu.
             1547.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             instruct
             .
             Rich.
             Morison
             .
             Edward
             6.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             litera
             Ducis
             Somers
             .
             Magist
             .
             pag.
             1548.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             contr
             .
             Matrimoniali
             1554.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Matr.
             1555.
             
             
               Queen
               Mary
            
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             artic
             .
             subscript
             .
             à
             Vidame
             de
             Chartres
             1562
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             foeder
             .
             Trecens●
             .
             1564.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Plesens●
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             tract
             .
             〈◊〉
             .
             1596.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             tract
             .
             cum
             ordin
             .
             ●…giae
             de
             an
             .
             1585.
             
             &
             1598
             
          
           
             Confederates
             of
             most
             benefit
             to
             England
             .
          
           
             Princes
             whose
             Confederation
             are
             of
             least
             benefit
             .
             Bonds
             of
             Confederation
             cannot
             be
             the
             same
             they
             were
             before
             .
             As
             with
             the
             State
             of
             Genoa
             .
          
           
             a
             Liv.
             Dec.
             4.
             l.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             In
             Relatione
             de
             Statu
             〈◊〉
             ,
             an
             .
             1595.
             
          
           
             Navarre
             .
             Britain
             .
          
           
             Burgundy
             .
          
           
             Spain
             .
          
           
             a
             Paterculus
             .
          
           
             Dangers
             in
             Consederacy
             by
             diversity
             of
             Ends.
             Examples
             ,
             that
             ends
             served
             ,
             Confederates
             quit
             all
             bonds
             of
             Combination
             .
          
           
             a
             Matth.
             Paris
             1242.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Paul
             ,
             anno
             29
             E.
             3.
             n.
             6.
             
          
           
             Suspecting
             that
             an
             Allie
             may
             grow
             too
             great
             ,
             dissolveth
             alliance
             .
          
           
             Liv.
             lib.
             34.
             
          
           
             Danger
             by
             difference
             in
             Religion
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Confederates
             ,
             who
             may
             break
             by
             dispensation
             ,
             though
             both
             Catholicks
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             original
             .
             in
             manu
             Domini
             Cromwell
             .
          
           
             Danger
             by
             difference
             in
             Religion
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Confederates
             ,
             who
             ought
             to
             break
             out
             of
             the
             Roman
             doctrine
             ,
             one
             accounted
             heretick
             .
          
           
             Doctrine
             of
             the
             See
             of
             Rome
             touching
             leagues
             with
             Hereticks
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Bulla
             origin
             .
             sub
             sigillo
             urbani
             6.
             an
             .
             pont
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             Danger
             by
             difference
             in
             Religion
             ,
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             Subjects
             
          
           
             Subjects
             obedient
             to
             the
             Popes
             Censure
             a
             dangerous
             Party
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Eul●gio
             Hist
             .
          
           
             a
             Festus
             Amaenus
             .
          
           
             Danger
             of
             large
             Frontiers
             .
          
           
             b
             Salust
             .
             in
             Bello
             Catil
             .
          
           
             c
             Sueton●us
             in
             vita
             Augusti
             .
          
           
             d
             Dion
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             e
             Tacitus
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             propos●
             .
             Statuum
             de
             anno
             1585.
             
          
           
             What
             State
             may
             best
             ad●●●t
             addition
             .
          
           
             a
             〈◊〉
             in
             vita
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             a
             Velleius
             Paterc
             .
             de
             Expeditione
             Caesaris
             .
          
           
             b
             Bodin
             .
             de
             Repub.
             lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             E●
             cra●
             .
             Demonsth
             .
             ad
             Athenienses
             .
          
           
             Safety
             in
             Neutrality
             .
          
           
             a
             Tacitus
             &
             Dion
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Honour
             attained
             by
             Neutrality
             ,
             in
             being
             the
             Arbiter
             of
             all
             differences
             between
             the
             mightiest
             Neighbours
             .
          
           
             a
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Regist
             .
             &
             libris
             Tractatuum
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Demost
             .
             4
             Philip.