Warrs with forregin [sic] princes dangerous to our common-wealth: or, Reasons for forreign wars answered With a list of all the confederates from Henry the firsts reign to the end of Queen Elizabeth. Proving, that the kings of England alwayes preferred unjust peace, before the justest warre.
         Answer to such motives as were offer'd by certain military-men to Prince Henry
         Cotton, Robert, Sir, 1571-1631.
      
       
         
           1657
        
      
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         99832758
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             Warrs with forregin [sic] princes dangerous to our common-wealth: or, Reasons for forreign wars answered With a list of all the confederates from Henry the firsts reign to the end of Queen Elizabeth. Proving, that the kings of England alwayes preferred unjust peace, before the justest warre.
             Answer to such motives as were offer'd by certain military-men to Prince Henry
             Cotton, Robert, Sir, 1571-1631.
             F. S. J. E. French charity.
          
           [2], 96, [2], 10 p., [1] leaf of plates : port.
           
             printed for William Shears in Westminster-hall,
             London :
             1657.
          
           
             "Warres with forreign princes" signed at end: Robert Cotton Bruceus.
             Originally written in 1604 as: "An answer to such motives as were offered by certain military men to Prince Henry to incite him to affect arms more than peace".
             Frontispiece portrait of Sir Walter Raleigh may not be part of the original publication.
             "The French charity: written in French by an English gentleman, upon occasion of Prince Harcourt's coming into England; and translated into English by F.S.J.E.", has separated title page dated 1655 and separate pagination; the register is continuous. "An English gentleman" = Robert Cotton. French title not traced.
             Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Henry, -- King of England, 1207-1272 -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272 -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- Foreign relations -- 1154-1399 -- Early works to 1800.
           France -- Foreign relations -- England -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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               VERA
               EFFIGIES
               CEARISSMI
               VIRI
               DOMNI
               GUALTHERI
               RALEGH
               EQV
               AUR.
               etc
            
          
           
             
             
               WARRS
               WITH
               Forregin
               PRINCES
               Dangerous
               to
               our
               Common-Wealth
               :
               OR
               ,
               
                 Reasons
                 for
                 Forreign
                 Wars
                 ANSWERED
              
               .
            
             
               WITH
               A
               List
               of
               all
               the
               Confederates
               from
               Henry
               the
               firsts
               Reign
               to
               the
               end
               of
               Queen
               ELIZABETH
               .
            
             
               PROVING
               ,
               
                 That
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
              
               England
               
                 alwayes
                 preferred
                 Vnjust
              
               PEACE
               ,
               
                 before
                 the
                 Justest
              
               WARRE
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 William
                 Shears
              
               in
               Westminster-hall
               ,
               1657.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               PROPOSITIONS
               OF
               WARRE
               and
               PEACE
               Delivered
               to
               his
               Highness
               PRINCE
               HENRY
               by
               some
               of
               his
               Military
               servants
               .
            
             
               Arguments
               for
               Warre
               .
            
             
               FRames
               of
               Policy
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               works
               of
               Nature
               ,
               a
               are
               best
               preserved
               from
               the
               same
               grounds
               they
               were
               first
               founded
               on
               .
               By
               Armes
               was
               layd
               the
               foundation
               of
               this
               State
               ,
               whether
               we
               respect
               the
               Saxon
               or
               the
               Norman
               .
               It
               was
               Warre
               that
               of
               seven
               Crowns
               in
               the
               Heptarchy
               made
               one
               fit
               for
               that
               Monarchy
               ,
               that
               since
               by
               many
               glorious
               exploits
               hath
               made
               good
               in
               forreign
               parts
               the
               renown
               of
               her
               own
               greatnesse
               ,
               and
               crowned
               thereby
               this
               State
               with
               an
               eternall
               peace
               .
               Times
               nor
               our
               owne
               vertues
               are
               not
               changed
               :
               Necessity
               ,
               Benefit
               ,
               and
               Facility
               of
               Warre
               being
               the
               same
               that
               they
               were
               before
               to
               our
               forefathers
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Reasons
                 of
                 forraign
                 War
                 drawn
                 from
                 
                   
                     1.
                     
                     Necessity
                     ,
                     for
                     
                       
                         1
                         Preservation
                         of
                         our
                         own
                         peace
                         .
                      
                       
                         2
                         Venting
                         of
                         factious
                         spirits
                         .
                      
                       
                         3
                         Instructing
                         in
                         arms
                         our
                         people
                         :
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     2
                     Benefits
                     .
                     
                       
                         1
                         Wealth
                         ,
                         by
                         
                           
                             1
                             Spoil
                             of
                             the
                             Enemy
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Addition
                             of
                             Revenue
                             by
                             subjected
                             territories
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         2
                         Honour
                         ,
                         by
                         addition
                         of
                         
                           
                             1
                             Title
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Dominion
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         3
                         A
                         more
                         facility
                         to
                         effect
                         then
                         heretofore
                         ,
                         by
                         
                           
                             1
                             Addition
                             of
                             new
                             strength
                             .
                          
                           
                             2
                             Substraction
                             of
                             diversions
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               We
               never
               were
               so
               near
               peril
               by
               shipwrack
               in
               any
               tempest
               abroad
               ,
               as
               at
               home
               by
               the
               calm
               government
               of
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               .
               For
               France
               by
               the
               awfull
               hand
               of
               his
               father
               reduced
               ,
               it
               fared
               with
               us
               as
               with
               the
               mistress
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               a
               
                 Remoto
                 Carthaginis
                 metu
                 ,
                 et
                 Imperii
                 aemula
                 ,
              
               when
               the
               fear
               of
               Carthage
               her
               competitour
               for
               the
               Empire
               was
               removed
               ,
               that
               fell
               not
               by
               degrees
               ,
               but
               
                 Praecipiti
                 cursu
                 ab
                 Armis
                 ad
                 voluptates
                 ,
                 à
                 negotio
                 ad
                 otiū
                 ,
              
               rushed
               headlong
               from
               arms
               to
               pleasures
               ,
               from
               employment
               to
               idleness
               .
               And
               from
               hence
               as
               greatest
               Nations
               ,
               
                 cū
                 ab
                 externis
                 causis
                 tutae
                 videntur
                 ,
                 ipsae
                 suis
                 viribus
                 onerantur
                 ,
              
               when
               there
               is
               no
               longer
               fear
               of
               forreign
               enemies
               ,
               their
               own
               strength
               becomes
               a
               burthen
               to
               them
               :
               so
               after
               many
               conquests
               abroad
               ,
               we
               were
               at
               home
               prest
               down
               w
               th
               the
               unnatural
               weight
               of
               civil
               armes
               :
               For
               
                 cum
                 foris
                 non
                 habent
                 hostem
                 ,
                 domi
                 inveniunt
                 ,
              
               when
               people
               have
               no
               enemies
               abroad
               ,
               they
               'l
               find
               some
               at
               home
               ;
               as
               all
               warlike
               &
               fruitful
               Nations
               will
               ,
               not
               otherwise
               delivered
               either
               of
               their
               humours
               or
               people
               .
               To
               add
               to
               this
               necessity
               ,
               the
               sending
               away
               of
               our
               fatious
               spirits
               ,
               it
               wil
               remove
               the
               seat
               of
               bloud
               from
               our
               own
               
               doors
               ,
               and
               prove
               the
               cheapest
               school
               to
               train
               up
               in
               armes
               the
               better
               dispositions
               ,
               whose
               military
               skil
               may
               after
               serve
               to
               defend
               the
               State
               ;
               and
               by
               the
               late
               accession
               of
               another
               Nation
               wil
               be
               now
               more
               needful
               ,
               a
               
                 Ne
                 novus
                 populus
                 otio
                 et
                 nimia
                 pecunia
                 lasciviret
                 ,
              
               lest
               that
               other
               people
               should
               grow
               wanton
               through
               too
               much
               wealth
               and
               idlenesse
               ,
               and
               we
               in
               the
               end
               be
               enforced
               with
               the
               Satyrist
               b
               to
               confesse
               
                 
                   Nunc
                   patimur
                   longae
                   pacis
                   mala
                   ,
                   savior
                   armis
                
                 
                   Luxuria
                   incubuit
                   .
                   —
                
              
               
                 
                   We
                   suffer
                   now
                   the
                   harm
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   peace
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whilst
                   Riot
                   ,
                   worse
                   then
                   war
                   ,
                   doth
                   thus
                   increase
                   .
                
              
               The
               benefis
               arise
               from
               Profit
               and
               Honour
               .
               The
               Spoils
               we
               have
               brought
               away
               in
               our
               French
               &
               Spanish
               attempts
               exceeding
               ever
               the
               charge
               in
               getting
               ;
               and
               the
               Revenues
               of
               the
               subjected
               Signiories
               ,
               as
               
                 Normandy
                 ,
                 Aquitain
              
               ,
               &c.
               supporting
               with
               much
               advantage
               the
               expence
               in
               keeping
               :
               Our
               Honour
               ,
               as
               the
               Stile
               of
               our
               Kings
               ,
               by
               confluence
               of
               so
               many
               Titles
               increased
               ;
               and
               by
               accession
               of
               so
               many
               territories
               as
               we
               held
               in
               France
               ,
               our
               dominions
               and
               liberties
               so
               far
               unlarged
               ,
               
               The
               facility
               to
               effect
               this
               being
               now
               more
               then
               ever
               by
               the
               addition
               of
               strength
               ,
               and
               substraction
               of
               diversions
               ,
               in
               this
               happy
               union
               of
               the
               
                 Britain
                 Empire
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               AN
               ANSWER
               TO
               THE
               FORMER
               Arguments
               made
               by
               the
               command
               OF
               HIS
               HIGHNESSE
               .
            
             
               AS
               he
               can
               give
               best
               Rules
               to
               preserve
               the
               health
               of
               a
               body
               naturall
               ,
               that
               by
               observing
               the
               divers
               humours
               ,
               accidents
               and
               dispositions
               thereof
               ,
               findeth
               at
               length
               the
               cause
               from
               whence
               it
               is
               or
               well
               or
               ill-affected
               ,
               and
               so
               by
               mixture
               of
               Art
               and
               Observation
               sets
               to
               his
               Patient
               rules
               of
               exercise
               and
               dyet
               :
               so
               is
               it
               in
               a
               Kingdome
               or
               Commonwealth
               .
               If
               then
               out
               of
               the
               Registers
               of
               Record
               and
               Story
               ,
               the
               true
               Remembrancers
               of
               Art
               and
               Errour
               in
               passages
               of
               State
               ,
               it
               shall
               appear
               that
               those
               times
               which
               have
               been
               
                 
                 
                   Answers
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   Arguments
                   .
                   
                     
                       1
                       Affections
                       of
                       our
                       wisest
                       Princes
                       ever
                       to
                       peace
                       .
                    
                     
                       2
                       Forraign
                       expeditions
                       
                         
                           1
                           Rebellions
                           at
                           home
                           .
                        
                         
                           2
                           Cause
                           of
                           
                             
                               1
                               Endless
                               taxations
                            
                             
                               2
                               Vassalage
                               .
                            
                             
                               3
                               Danger
                               to
                               the
                               State.
                               
                            
                          
                        
                      
                    
                     
                       3
                       Confederacy
                       &
                       alliance
                       the
                       means
                       of
                       former
                       victories
                       ,
                       no
                       waies
                       to
                       be
                       restored
                       as
                       heretofore
                       .
                    
                  
                
              
               glorified
               with
               the
               mightiest
               Princes
               and
               wisest
               Councells
               ,
               would
               ever
               acknowledge
               that
               a
               
                 Pax
                 una
                 triumphis
                 Innumeris
                 potior
              
               ;
               one
               Peace
               outgoes
               for
               worth
               Innumerable
               triumphs
               ;
               That
               Combustions
               at
               home
               were
               like
               Meteors
               ,
               ever
               kindled
               in
               another
               Region
               ,
               but
               spent
               themselves
               there
               ;
               That
               our
               men
               instead
               of
               Lawrell
               and
               
                 Olive
                 garlands
              
               to
               adorn
               with
               victory
               &
               peace
               our
               gates
               and
               Temples
               ,
               have
               ever
               brought
               home
               fire-balls
               to
               burn
               our
               Cities
               ;
               That
               forreign
               spoyls
               have
               been
               summed
               up
               with
               Taxes
               and
               Penury
               ;
               That
               this
               addition
               of
               Revenue
               hath
               tyed
               us
               to
               a
               perpetuall
               issue
               of
               our
               own
               Treasure
               ;
               That
               by
               these
               titles
               of
               Honour
               we
               have
               bought
               Slavery
               ,
               and
               by
               extenture
               of
               Territories
               ,
               Danger
               ;
               And
               that
               difficulty
               either
               to
               undertake
               or
               pursue
               any
               forreign
               enterprise
               now
               is
               much
               more
               then
               in
               any
               age
               before
               ;
               I
               think
               that
               no
               Englishman
               will
               either
               love
               his
               own
               errour
               so
               much
               ,
               or
               his
               Country
               so
               little
               ,
               as
               to
               advise
               a
               course
               so
               far
               estranged
               either
               from
               judgement
               or
               security
               .
            
             
             
               IT
               is
               manifest
               by
               warrant
               of
               our
               own
               examples
               ,
               
               that
               the
               kings
               of
               England
               ,
               (
               except
               in
               some
               heat
               of
               Youth
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               the
               best
               directour
               of
               Counsell
               )
               preferred
               unjust
               Peace
               before
               the
               justest
               War
               :
               none
               inthralling
               their
               minds
               with
               ambitious
               desires
               of
               extending
               Territories
               ,
               or
               imaginary
               humours
               of
               licentious
               Soveraignty
               ;
               every
               one
               willing
               to
               passe
               his
               time
               with
               content
               of
               his
               private
               fortunes
               .
               Upon
               this
               ground
               Henry
               the
               second
               gave
               20000.
               marks
               a
               
                 Expensarum
                 nomine
              
               ,
               under
               the
               notion
               of
               expences
               ,
               to
               the
               French
               king
               ,
               
                 ut
                 firmior
                 Pax
                 haberetur
              
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               have
               a
               firm
               and
               setled
               Peace
               .
               His
               succeeding
               sonne
               
                 pro
                 quieta
                 clamatione
                 de
                 sorore
                 sua
                 ducenda
                 ,
              
               for
               a
               peaceable
               claim
               to
               the
               marriage
               of
               his
               sister
               ,
               which
               was
               like
               to
               make
               a
               fraction
               ,
               gave
               to
               the
               French
               King
               b
               
                 decem
                 millia
                 librarum
              
               ,
               ten
               thousand
               pounds
               .
               Three
               hundred
               thousand
               marks
               Iohn
               gave
               to
               the
               French
               king
               ,
               to
               match
               his
               calme
               entrance
               to
               secure
               peace
               .
               Until
               the
               confederacy
               with
               c
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               invading
               of
               the
               land
               by
               
                 Charls
                 de
                 Valoys
              
               the
               French
               king
               provoked
               Edward
               the
               first
               ,
               he
               never
               disquieted
               France
               with
               noyse
               of
               war
               ,
               as
               after
               he
               did
               by
               the
               d
               Earls
               of
               Richmond
               and
               Lancaster
               ,
               although
               Boniface
               the
               Pope
               incited
               him
               thereunto
               .
               His
               Sonne
               ,
               the
               second
               
                 Edward
                 ,
                 anno
              
               20.
               requireth
               the
               Bishops
               and
               Clergy
               to
               pray
               and
               offer
               alms
               for
               him
               ,
               and
               the
               people
               of
               this
               Stae
               ;
               the
               words
               are
               ,
               c
               
                 ut
                 Deus
                 nos
                 regat
                 et
                 dirigat
                 in
                 mundi
                 hujus
                 turbinibus
                 ,
              
               that
               God
               would
               rule
               and
               direct
               us
               in
               the
               troubles
               of
               this
               world
               ;
               for
               that
               having
               sought
               all
               means
               with
               France
               he
               could
               for
               Peace
               ,
               
                 ut
                 Guerrarum
                 discrimina
                 vitaret
              
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               avoid
               the
               dangers
               of
               war
               ,
               he
               reaped
               nothing
               but
               bitternesse
               ,
               and
               detention
               of
               his
               Messengers
               ,
               Son
               ,
               and
               
               part
               of
               his
               Dutchy
               of
               Gascoigne
               ,
               his
               Rebels
               injoying
               all
               Protection
               ,
               and
               his
               Merchants
               all
               Inhospitality
               ,
               whose
               ships
               his
               enemy
               
                 hostiliter
                 cepit
                 ,
                 et
                 Mercatores
                 interfecit
                 ,
              
               took
               in
               a
               hostile
               sort
               ,
               and
               slew
               the
               Merchants
               .
               The
               Parliament
               quinto
               of
               Edward
               3.
               a
               was
               especially
               called
               to
               a
               consult
               how
               Pace
               might
               be
               procured
               .
               In
               his
               17
               year
               b
               the
               Peers
               and
               Commons
               petition
               him
               to
               labour
               a
               peace
               with
               France
               ,
               and
               to
               sollicite
               the
               Pope
               for
               mediation
               .
               The
               truce
               from
               hence
               effected
               he
               would
               by
               no
               meanes
               violate
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               20
               th
               .
               year
               moveth
               peace
               by
               all
               the
               offers
               he
               c
               can
               ,
               as
               
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 Intermarriage
              
               ,
               and
               to
               take
               up
               the
               Crosse
               with
               
                 France
                 ,
                 in
                 succursum
                 Terrae
                 Sanctae
                 ,
              
               for
               succour
               of
               the
               Holy
               Land.
               But
               all
               he
               could
               do
               could
               abate
               no
               whit
               of
               the
               French
               fury
               ,
               d
               who
               invaded
               by
               themselves
               
                 Aquitain
                 ,
                 England
              
               by
               the
               Scots
               ,
               surprizing
               in
               breach
               of
               Truce
               his
               Nobility
               of
               Britain
               ,
               whom
               at
               
                 Paris
                 ignominiosae
                 morti
                 tradidit
              
               ,
               he
               put
               to
               shamefull
               deaths
               ;
               there
               and
               in
               Gascoign
               murdering
               the
               rest
               of
               his
               Subjects
               ,
               and
               rasing
               his
               Castles
               ,
               nor
               would
               upon
               a
               second
               mediation
               admit
               any
               way
               of
               peace
               .
               War
               then
               was
               left
               his
               last
               refuge
               ;
               e
               
                 Et
                 pia
                 Arma
                 quibus
                 nulla
                 nisi
                 in
                 Armis
                 spes
                 est
                 ,
              
               War
               is
               to
               that
               man
               just
               and
               lawfull
               ,
               who
               hath
               no
               hope
               of
               help
               but
               by
               war.
               And
               this
               his
               Clergy
               was
               injoyned
               to
               open
               in
               sermons
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               eschew
               the
               infamy
               of
               Christian
               bloud-shed
               .
               In
               his
               two
               and
               twentieth
               year
               finding
               war
               to
               have
               brought
               to
               his
               people
               f
               
                 gravia
                 onera
                 et
                 multa
                 mala
              
               ,
               heavy
               burthens
               and
               many
               mischiefs
               ,
               as
               the
               Record
               saith
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               fortune
               of
               war
               
                 cum
                 splendet
                 frangitur
              
               ,
               when
               it
               shineth
               clearest
               is
               then
               nearest
               breaking
               ;
               he
               passed
               over
               into
               France
               to
               seek
               peace
               divers
               times
               ;
               and
               to
               strengthen
               his
               
               affections
               with
               the
               best
               hopes
               ,
               he
               injoyneth
               all
               the
               Bishops
               of
               England
               to
               offer
               a
               
                 devotas
                 preces
                 suppliciter
                 ad
                 Deum
              
               ,
               humble
               and
               devout
               prayers
               to
               God
               ,
               to
               direct
               his
               actions
               to
               Gods
               glory
               and
               the
               peace
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               
                 nec
                 non
                 ad
                 totius
                 Christianitatis
                 commodum
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               advantage
               of
               the
               whole
               Christian
               world
               ;
               which
               he
               believed
               could
               not
               follow
               but
               by
               a
               firm
               amity
               with
               his
               neighbours
               .
               This
               is
               the
               dislike
               of
               war
               he
               openeth
               himself
               in
               the
               five
               &
               twentieth
               year
               b
               in
               Parliament
               ,
               declaring
               the
               great
               means
               he
               had
               wrought
               by
               the
               Pope
               ,
               but
               could
               not
               effect
               it
               :
               And
               in
               the
               third
               year
               after
               c
               calleth
               again
               the
               body
               of
               the
               State
               ,
               to
               devise
               with
               him
               the
               means
               to
               obtain
               it
               ;
               for
               that
               he
               saw
               his
               Subjects
               by
               war
               so
               greatly
               wasted
               .
               But
               d
               when
               anno
               29.
               to
               redeem
               himself
               and
               subjects
               from
               the
               hard
               tasks
               they
               had
               undertaken
               ,
               and
               to
               avoyd
               
                 effusionem
                 sanguinis
                 Christiani
                 ,
                 quantum
                 potuit
                 ,
                 vel
                 decuit
                 ,
                 pacem
                 quaesivit
                 ,
              
               the
               shedding
               of
               Christian
               bloud
               ,
               he
               sought
               peace
               as
               much
               as
               in
               him
               lay
               ,
               and
               as
               far
               as
               was
               fitting
               ,
               sending
               the
               Duke
               of
               Lancaster
               to
               Avignon
               in
               intercession
               ,
               but
               all
               in
               vain
               ;
               he
               stood
               upon
               his
               own
               strength
               .
               By
               which
               his
               confident
               adversary
               (
               the
               year
               following
               captive
               )
               that
               was
               afore
               obdurate
               ,
               justly
               found
               ,
               that
               one
               houre
               can
               overthrow
               
                 simul
                 parta
                 et
                 sperata
                 decora
              
               ,
               at
               once
               both
               the
               honours
               we
               enjoy
               and
               those
               we
               hope
               for
               .
               And
               we
               may
               truly
               conclude
               of
               this
               Kings
               successe
               ,
               as
               Livy
               e
               of
               the
               Romane
               fortune
               ,
               
                 Propterea
                 bella
                 felicia
                 gessisse
                 ,
                 quia
                 justa
                 ,
              
               that
               therefore
               his
               wars
               were
               prosperous
               ,
               because
               they
               were
               just
               .
            
             
               To
               obtain
               his
               desire
               and
               Subjects
               quiet
               ,
               he
               was
               contented
               to
               disclaim
               f
               the
               interest
               that
               Right
               and
               Fortune
               had
               cast
               upon
               him
               .
               And
               after
               ,
               though
               often
               
               again
               incited
               ,
               yet
               never
               would
               be
               drawn
               to
               the
               hazard
               of
               war
               ;
               for
               
                 improbe
                 Neptunum
                 accusat
                 qui
                 iterum
                 naufragium
                 facit
                 ,
              
               he
               blames
               Neptune
               very
               unjustly
               who
               suffers
               shipwrack
               the
               second
               time
               :
               until
               the
               French
               King
               a
               
                 contra
                 juramentum
                 &
                 formam
                 pacis
              
               ,
               contrary
               to
               his
               oath
               and
               the
               form
               of
               peace
               ,
               had
               
                 vexillis
                 explicatis
              
               with
               banners
               displayed
               ,
               invaded
               his
               dominions
               in
               France
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               Fleet
               intended
               to
               attempt
               
                 England
                 ,
                 ad
                 ipsum
                 Regem
                 viribus
                 subvertendum
                 ,
              
               utterly
               to
               undo
               the
               King
               by
               force
               of
               Arms.
               
            
             
               Richard
               the
               second
               ,
               whom
               as
               well
               he
               left
               Successour
               to
               his
               troubles
               as
               to
               his
               kingdome
               ,
               entred
               in
               the
               decline
               of
               his
               Grandsires
               fortune
               ,
               and
               after
               many
               years
               of
               war
               and
               much
               losse
               ,
               had
               in
               the
               end
               an
               expectation
               of
               peace
               ;
               which
               opened
               to
               his
               Commons
               and
               Councel
               in
               Parliament
               ,
               b
               their
               longing
               affection
               was
               so
               much
               inclined
               thereto
               ,
               that
               they
               advised
               the
               King
               ,
               though
               it
               were
               in
               doing
               homage
               for
               
                 Guien
                 ,
                 Callis
              
               and
               the
               rest
               ,
               he
               should
               not
               let
               slip
               that
               opportunity
               .
            
             
               Untill
               Charles
               of
               France
               had
               received
               c
               that
               dangerous
               Rebell
               
                 Owen
                 Glendowr
              
               ,
               by
               the
               name
               of
               
                 Metu●ndissimi
                 Principis
                 Walliae
              
               ,
               the
               most
               dread
               Prince
               of
               Wales
               ,
               into
               a
               strict
               confederacy
               against
               his
               Master
               (
               whom
               he
               vouchsafed
               no
               other
               title
               then
               
                 Henricus
                 de
                 Lancastria
              
               )
               by
               contract
               ,
               and
               had
               harrowed
               the
               Isle
               of
               Wight
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Orleans
               and
               Earl
               of
               
                 Saint
                 Paul
              
               ,
               entred
               into
               Gascoign
               himself
               ,
               and
               prepared
               a
               Fleet
               and
               an
               Army
               to
               invade
               this
               land
               ,
               Henry
               the
               fourth
               did
               never
               disquiet
               his
               peace
               ;
               and
               after
               many
               prorogued
               Truces
               ,
               would
               not
               break
               out
               again
               ,
               untill
               Burgundy
               d
               (
               that
               had
               wrested
               into
               his
               hand
               the
               Government
               of
               France
               )
               meant
               
               with
               all
               his
               force
               to
               besiege
               Callis
               ,
               and
               annoy
               this
               Realm
               .
            
             
               The
               uncle
               and
               Chancellour
               to
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               declared
               in
               a
               Parliament
               the
               desire
               his
               Master
               had
               to
               procure
               Peace
               ,
               and
               how
               the
               French
               King
               had
               refused
               all
               reason
               ,
               denying
               to
               render
               his
               prisoners
               ,
               or
               ransome
               those
               〈…〉
               Agin-Court
               battell
               :
               so
               that
               the
               King
               was
               driven
               to
               his
               last
               hope
               ,
               which
               was
               by
               dint
               of
               sword
               to
               seek
               his
               peace
               ,
               concluding
               thus
               his
               speech
               ;
               
                 Bella
                 faciamus
                 ut
                 Pacem
                 habeamus
                 ,
                 quia
                 finis
                 Belli
                 Pax
                 est
                 :
              
               Let
               us
               fight
               ,
               that
               we
               may
               obtain
               peace
               ;
               for
               the
               end
               of
               war
               is
               peace
               .
            
             
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               ,
               to
               save
               the
               expence
               of
               his
               people
               and
               treasure
               ,
               offered
               b
               many
               large
               and
               liberall
               conditions
               ,
               but
               received
               in
               exchange
               nothing
               but
               scoffes
               :
               he
               was
               contented
               to
               part
               with
               the
               Dutchy
               of
               Mayne
               ,
               to
               make
               up
               a
               peace
               with
               his
               uncle
               of
               France
               .
            
             
               Against
               the
               Duke
               of
               Somerset
               it
               was
               objected
               c
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               York
               ,
               that
               he
               (
               contrary
               to
               the
               Oath
               and
               Councell
               ,
               by
               breaking
               the
               Amity
               between
               the
               two
               Princes
               )
               was
               the
               only
               ground
               of
               the
               losse
               of
               Normandy
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               extant
               in
               the
               Treasury
               d
               a
               petition
               of
               9.
               of
               Hen.
               7.
               from
               the
               Captains
               and
               military
               men
               ,
               
                 pro
                 pace
                 habenda
              
               ,
               that
               they
               might
               have
               peace
               .
            
             
               Neither
               interest
               of
               right
               ,
               not
               jealousie
               of
               increasing
               power
               ,
               could
               draw
               Henry
               the
               8.
               unto
               the
               quarrell
               of
               France
               ;
               until
               the
               Church
               complained
               against
               Lewis
               the
               12.
               (
               e
               who
               neither
               esteeming
               of
               God
               ,
               good
               fame
               ,
               nor
               conscience
               ,
               deteined
               the
               revenues
               of
               the
               Clergy
               ,
               supported
               the
               Cardinall
               William
               to
               aspire
               to
               the
               Papacy
               ,
               aided
               in
               the
               siege
               of
               
                 Boucy
                 Alfonso
              
               of
               Ferrara
               ,
               and
               the
               Bentivogli
               ,
               both
               Traytours
               to
               the
               Papall
               Sea
               ,
               where
               
               he
               intended
               to
               lay
               the
               foundation
               of
               his
               Empire
               to
               usurp
               all
               Italy
               ,
               )
               &
               besought
               him
               for
               the
               pitty
               of
               our
               Saviour
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               virtue
               of
               his
               famous
               Ancestours
               (
               for
               I
               use
               the
               words
               of
               the
               Popes
               Briefe
               )
               a
               that
               never
               forsook
               the
               Church
               of
               God
               in
               distresse
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               filiall
               obedience
               ,
               (
               the
               strongest
               bond
               )
               to
               enter
               into
               that
               holy
               League
               ,
               they
               having
               elected
               him
               against
               
                 Lewis
                 ,
                 Caput
                 foederis
                 Italici
              
               ,
               Head
               of
               the
               Italian
               League
               .
            
             
               Edward
               the
               sixth
               ,
               b
               until
               urged
               with
               the
               touch
               of
               his
               honour
               ,
               being
               by
               his
               neighbours
               neglected
               in
               the
               marriage
               of
               their
               Mistresse
               ,
               never
               attempted
               any
               war
               against
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               quarrells
               of
               France
               in
               the
               time
               of
               his
               succeeding
               sister
               ,
               after
               the
               marriage
               with
               Spaine
               ,
               were
               neither
               properly
               ours
               ,
               nor
               begun
               by
               us
               ,
               although
               in
               the
               end
               we
               onely
               went
               away
               with
               the
               losse
               .
            
             
               Her
               Sister
               of
               holy
               memory
               ,
               to
               effect
               the
               peace
               with
               France
               ,
               forbore
               c
               the
               demand
               of
               Callis
               for
               8.
               years
               ,
               &
               neglected
               to
               urge
               a
               just
               debt
               of
               four
               millions
               from
               that
               Crown
               .
               d
               And
               the
               labours
               she
               spent
               to
               confirm
               amity
               with
               Spaine
               ,
               by
               many
               friendly
               offices
               of
               mediation
               ,
               are
               apparent
               to
               the
               whole
               world
               ;
               though
               in
               the
               end
               of
               her
               desires
               she
               failed
               :
               whether
               happily
               in
               prevention
               of
               the
               
                 Spanish
                 Monarchy
              
               eternizing
               her
               memory
               ,
               or
               that
               this
               work
               of
               peace
               was
               by
               divine
               providence
               reserved
               for
               him
               that
               could
               and
               hath
               best
               effected
               it
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               .
               Onely
               I
               conclude
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               first
               Monarch
               in
               Rome
               ,
               so
               the
               first
               in
               Britain
               might
               justly
               write
               ,
               
                 Pace
                 Populo
                 Britanno
                 terra
                 marique
                 parta
                 ,
                 Ianum
                 clausi
                 ,
              
               having
               setled
               Britain
               in
               peace
               by
               land
               and
               sea
               ,
               I
               have
               shut
               up
               the
               doors
               of
               Ianus
               Temple
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Forreign
                 armes
                 the
                 ground
                 of
                 trouble
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 
                   
                     Enemy
                     ,
                     who
                     to
                     divert
                     will
                     attempt
                     .
                  
                   
                     Subjects
                     
                       
                         wearied
                         with
                         
                           
                             Toyl
                             .
                             Taxation
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         Feared
                         with
                         the
                         effect
                         of
                         tyranny
                         .
                      
                       
                         Inured
                         to
                         wars
                         can
                         never
                         sute
                         after
                         to
                         a
                         quiet
                         life
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
             
               It
               is
               evident
               by
               our
               own
               examples
               ,
               that
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               the
               Civil
               or
               Forreign
               Armies
               that
               have
               oppressed
               this
               State
               ,
               have
               been
               either
               bred
               out
               of
               our
               first
               attempting
               of
               others
               ,
               or
               out
               of
               the
               grievance
               of
               the
               Nobility
               &
               people
               ,
               either
               wearied
               with
               the
               toil
               and
               charge
               ,
               or
               feared
               with
               the
               effect
               of
               Tyranny
               ,
               which
               might
               corrupt
               the
               good
               fortune
               of
               their
               King
               ,
               or
               else
               (
               a
               plague
               no
               lesse
               of
               war
               )
               that
               the
               better
               sort
               inured
               to
               command
               abroad
               ,
               have
               forgotten
               to
               obey
               at
               home
               ,
               and
               the
               inferiour
               by
               living
               there
               upon
               rapine
               and
               purchase
               ,
               unwilling
               here
               to
               tye
               themselves
               again
               to
               order
               and
               industry
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               in
               the
               Register
               of
               State
               no
               time
               that
               so
               well
               expresseth
               either
               the
               danger
               or
               damage
               we
               underwent
               in
               waking
               an
               adversary
               ,
               
               as
               that
               of
               Edward
               the
               third
               .
               Out
               of
               many
               examples
               I
               will
               select
               some
               few
               ,
               beginning
               with
               the
               tenth
               of
               his
               reign
               ;
               at
               what
               time
               his
               intention
               was
               to
               attempt
               somewhat
               in
               France
               ,
               but
               diverted
               by
               Philip
               ,
               who
               ,
               mustring
               
                 in
                 partibus
                 Britanniae
                 ad
                 invadendum
                 Regnum
                 Angliae
                 ,
              
               in
               the
               parts
               of
               Britany
               to
               invade
               the
               Kingdome
               of
               England
               ,
               a
               puissant
               Army
               ,
               
               enforced
               Edward
               the
               third
               to
               fall
               from
               his
               first
               purpose
               ,
               and
               insist
               upon
               his
               own
               guard
               :
               for
               which
               cause
               ,
               to
               the
               infinite
               charge
               of
               himself
               and
               people
               ,
               he
               levied
               80000.
               men
               
               out
               of
               the
               Shires
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               .
               To
               withdraw
               his
               forces
               from
               France
               ,
               in
               the
               thirteenth
               of
               his
               reigne
               ,
               they
               invaded
               the
               Realm
               ,
               and
               burned
               the
               Towns
               of
               Plymouth
               and
               Southampton
               ,
               places
               that
               suffered
               from
               the
               same
               motive
               the
               like
               calamity
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               first
               of
               Richard
               the
               second
               ,
               after
               the
               Battell
               of
               Cressy
               ,
               when
               they
               feared
               our
               too
               much
               footing
               ,
               and
               we
               too
               much
               believed
               our
               own
               fortune
               ,
               for
               she
               
                 cito
                 reposcit
                 quod
                 dedit
              
               ,
               quickly
               calls
               for
               back
               what
               she
               gave
               us
               ;
               the
               a
               Duke
               of
               a
               Normandy
               ,
               to
               draw
               home
               our
               forces
               levieth
               an
               Army
               of
               forty
               thousand
               men
               at
               armes
               ,
               and
               forty
               thousand
               foot
               ,
               sharing
               by
               idle
               contracts
               before-hand
               with
               his
               confederates
               not
               the
               spoils
               only
               ,
               but
               the
               Kingdome
               it self
               :
               the
               Honour
               and
               some
               other
               portion
               of
               benefits
               he
               reserved
               as
               his
               own
               meed
               ;
               the
               possessions
               of
               many
               English
               Subjects
               in
               pure
               alms
               he
               voweth
               to
               the
               Church
               of
               Normandy
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               French
               King
               an
               yearly
               tributary
               Fee
               of
               twenty
               thousand
               pound
               .
               In
               these
               termes
               this
               Realm
               stood
               almost
               all
               the
               time
               of
               Edward
               the
               third
               .
            
             
               The
               Coast-dwellers
               were
               so
               frighted
               from
               their
               habitation
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               thirteenth
               year
               the
               king
               commanded
               the
               Earle
               of
               Richmond
               b
               and
               other
               Peers
               to
               reside
               at
               their
               border
               houses
               ;
               and
               was
               inforced
               in
               the
               two
               and
               twentieth
               to
               injoyn
               by
               Ordinance
               ,
               that
               none
               should
               remove
               that
               dwelt
               within
               
                 sex
                 leucas
                 à
                 mari
              
               ,
               six
               leagues
               of
               the
               sea
               .
            
             
               It
               was
               no
               whit
               altered
               under
               his
               successour
               Richard
               the
               second
               ;
               for
               in
               is
               entrance
               the
               French
               burnt
               the
               Town
               of
               Rye
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               third
               year
               after
               Gravesend
               .
               And
               in
               the
               tenth
               year
               of
               his
               reigne
               ,
               to
               change
               his
               intended
               journey
               for
               France
               in
               
               person
               ,
               the
               French
               King
               prepareth
               an
               Army
               to
               invade
               this
               land
               .
               This
               quarrel
               led
               us
               almost
               into
               an
               eternal
               charge
               at
               sea
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Northern
               limits
               ,
               they
               and
               our
               neighbours
               there
               being
               tyed
               of
               old
               in
               strict
               assurance
               of
               mutual
               aid
               :
               by
               whose
               desperate
               and
               perpetual
               incursion
               (
               for
               
                 nescit
                 Plebs
                 jejuna
                 timere
              
               ,
               an
               half-starved
               rabble
               feare
               nothing
               ,
               )
               the
               fattest
               parts
               of
               our
               borders
               were
               left
               wast
               ,
               the
               men
               and
               cattel
               of
               England
               (
               as
               16.
               
               Edw.
               2.
               )
               
                 impetus
                 Scotorum
                 fugientes
              
               ,
               being
               fled
               for
               safety
               to
               the
               Forrests
               and
               desert
               places
               .
               The
               like
               I
               find
               in
               the
               first
               of
               Edward
               the
               third
               :
               they
               ever
               thus
               interrupting
               us
               in
               our
               expeditions
               into
               France
               ;
               as
               in
               20.
               
               Ed.
               3.
               in
               the
               first
               and
               second
               of
               Richard
               the
               second
               ,
               in
               the
               fifth
               of
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               fourth
               of
               Henry
               the
               eighth
               ,
               when
               he
               undertook
               his
               holy
               voyage
               against
               Lewis
               the
               twelfth
               .
            
             
               And
               either
               being
               no
               lesse
               ready
               to
               nourish
               the
               least
               spark
               of
               rebellion
               in
               this
               State
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               the
               French
               King
               to
               counterpoize
               King
               Iohn
               ;
               or
               work
               out
               Henry
               the
               third
               from
               his
               Dutchy
               of
               Normandy
               ,
               as
               France
               did
               ;
               or
               moving
               underhand
               by
               the
               Duke
               of
               Britain
               ,
               the
               Earl
               of
               Hartford
               to
               reach
               the
               Crowne
               of
               Richard
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               when
               he
               had
               got
               the
               garland
               ,
               suborning
               
                 Owen
                 Glendowr
              
               (
               with
               whom
               he
               contracted
               as
               Prince
               of
               Wales
               )
               to
               busie
               the
               same
               King
               at
               home
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               divert
               his
               intended
               purpose
               from
               France
               or
               Scotland
               .
            
             
               WHen
               Henry
               the
               third
               had
               devoured
               in
               his
               mind
               the
               kingdome
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               
               the
               Nobility
               finding
               the
               expence
               of
               Treasure
               ,
               and
               fearing
               the
               exposing
               of
               their
               own
               persons
               ,
               grew
               so
               unwilling
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               bent
               and
               course
               of
               the
               record
               it
               apappeareth
               
               a
               appeareth
               not
               the
               least
               ground
               of
               that
               rebellion
               which
               after
               drew
               the
               King
               and
               his
               Son
               to
               so
               foul
               conditions
               .
            
             
               A
               judgment
               there
               must
               be
               between
               powers
               and
               undertakings
               ,
               that
               though
               affections
               may
               carry
               a
               man
               to
               great
               things
               ,
               they
               make
               him
               not
               attempt
               impossible
               :
               for
               where
               great
               minds
               are
               not
               accompanied
               with
               great
               judgements
               ,
               they
               overthrow
               themselves
               .
               As
               in
               this
               Prince
               ,
               who
               by
               the
               Popes
               incitement
               
                 simplicitatem
                 Regis
                 circumveniens
              
               ,
               circumventing
               the
               King
               in
               his
               honest
               meaning
               ,
               (
               they
               are
               the
               words
               of
               the
               Authour
               b
               )
               intending
               to
               rifle
               the
               fortunes
               of
               others
               ,
               was
               in
               the
               end
               inforced
               to
               play
               at
               dice
               for
               his
               own
               stake
               .
            
             
               The
               Earls
               of
               
                 Hartford
                 ,
                 Bohun
              
               and
               Bigot
               ,
               made
               the
               grounds
               of
               their
               commotions
               the
               distast
               they
               took
               at
               Edward
               the
               first
               for
               exacting
               their
               Service
               in
               the
               quarrel
               of
               Gascoign
               ,
               
               a
               forrein
               Country
               .
               And
               they
               might
               seem
               to
               have
               some
               colour
               to
               refuse
               ,
               but
               in
               a
               more
               mannerly
               fashion
               ,
               either
               attendance
               or
               charge
               in
               recovery
               or
               defence
               of
               Provinces
               in
               France
               ,
               since
               so
               many
               consents
               in
               Parliament
               ,
               as
               c
               20.
               of
               Rich.
               2.
               6.
               and
               9.
               of
               Henry
               the
               fourth
               ,
               the
               first
               and
               seventh
               of
               Henry
               the
               fifth
               affirm
               the
               Commons
               not
               to
               be
               bound
               
                 pour
                 supporter
                 ses
                 Guerres
                 en
                 la
                 terre
                 de
                 France
                 ou
                 Normandie
                 ,
              
               to
               support
               his
               wars
               either
               in
               France
               or
               Normandy
               ;
               declaring
               no
               less
               by
               publick
               protestation
               ,
               then
               they
               did
               by
               undutifull
               denial
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               burden
               of
               Charge
               ,
               
               it
               was
               no
               lesse
               distastfull
               then
               the
               former
               of
               Service
               ,
               this
               kingdome
               being
               (
               as
               it
               is
               sayd
               d
               of
               the
               Roman
               Provinces
               occasioned
               by
               war
               )
               made
               desert
               ,
               and
               the
               people
               desperate
               by
               Exactions
               .
               In
               the
               Conquerours
               time
               
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Durham
               was
               killed
               by
               the
               tumultuous
               people
               ,
               opposing
               an
               imposition
               levied
               by
               him
               .
               There
               was
               a
               
                 murmuratio
                 et
                 imprecatio
                 Praelatorum
                 in
                 Regem
                 Ioannem
                 ,
              
               mutterings
               and
               curses
               from
               the
               Prelates
               against
               King
               Iohn
               ,
               for
               demanding
               in
               the
               eighth
               of
               his
               reigne
               a
               relief
               of
               them
               and
               the
               Layety
               for
               his
               wars
               .
               In
               the
               16
               th
               .
               year
               
                 Cives
                 Londinenses
                 Ioannem
                 odio
                 habuerunt
                 pro
                 injustis
                 Exactionibus
                 quibus
                 Regnum
                 fatigaverat
                 ,
              
               the
               Londoners
               detested
               King
               Iohn
               for
               his
               timing
               out
               the
               Kingdome
               with
               unjust
               taxations
               .
               b
               The
               sink
               of
               his
               expence
               in
               war
               was
               so
               bottomlesse
               ,
               that
               (
               as
               the
               story
               saith
               )
               he
               was
               constrained
               
                 desaevire
                 quotidie
                 cum
                 incremento
              
               ,
               to
               grow
               every
               day
               more
               unreasonable
               in
               his
               carriage
               towards
               the
               Church
               and
               Commonwealth
               ,
               
                 eas
                 bonis
                 suis
                 variis
                 modis
                 spoliando
                 ,
              
               by
               despoiling
               them
               severall
               wayes
               of
               their
               goods
               .
               c
               
                 Hinc
                 secutum
                 est
                 Bellum
                 inter
                 Regem
                 et
                 Barones
                 quod
                 cum
                 morte
                 Ioannis
                 solum
                 finem
                 habuit
                 :
              
               This
               was
               it
               which
               kindled
               that
               war
               betwixt
               the
               King
               and
               his
               Barons
               ,
               which
               nothing
               could
               quench
               but
               the
               death
               of
               Iohn
               himself
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               26
               th
               .
               of
               Henry
               the
               third
               ,
               
                 ob
                 exactionum
                 frequentiam
                 est
                 Regi
                 cum
                 Baronibus
                 contentio
                 ,
              
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               continuall
               exactions
               there
               arose
               a
               contention
               betwixt
               the
               King
               and
               his
               Barons
               d
               At
               the
               Parlee
               of
               peace
               with
               them
               being
               demanded
               a
               reason
               of
               that
               their
               action
               ,
               they
               answer
               that
               since
               he
               came
               to
               the
               Crown
               ,
               being
               not
               twelve
               yeares
               ,
               
                 multoties
                 ei
                 auxilium
                 dederunt
              
               ,
               they
               had
               many
               times
               supplyed
               him
               ;
               and
               expressing
               the
               particulars
               besides
               in
               the
               same
               place
               ,
               he
               had
               received
               
                 tot
                 Escaetas
              
               ,
               so
               many
               Escheats
               ,
               by
               the
               vacancy
               of
               rich
               Bishopricks
               ,
               death
               
               of
               so
               many
               Barons
               and
               others
               that
               held
               of
               him
               ,
               that
               those
               alone
               would
               have
               made
               him
               rich
               if
               they
               had
               been
               well
               imployed
               .
               That
               the
               
                 Itinerant
                 Justices
              
               had
               by
               amercing
               the
               defaults
               gleaned
               them
               so
               near
               ,
               that
               
                 per
                 illa
                 Amerciamenta
                 et
                 alia
                 Auxilia
                 prius
                 dataomnes
                 de
                 Regno
                 ita
                 gravarentur
                 &
                 depauperarentur
                 ,
                 ut
                 parum
                 aut
                 nihil
                 habeant
                 in
                 Bonis
                 ,
              
               by
               those
               Amercements
               &
               the
               Subsidies
               they
               had
               formerly
               given
               him
               ,
               all
               the
               Kingdom
               was
               so
               crushed
               &
               impoverished
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               little
               or
               nothing
               left
               them
               .
               And
               that
               was
               the
               ground
               of
               their
               resistance
               .
               a
               
                 Archiepiscopus
                 Cantuariensis
                 et
                 alii
                 Praelati
                 resistunt
                 Regi
                 ,
              
               the
               Archbishop
               of
               Canterbury
               and
               other
               Prelates
               resist
               the
               King
               ,
               when
               in
               his
               fifteenth
               yeare
               he
               demanded
               Scutage
               .
               And
               although
               he
               laid
               open
               to
               the
               Parliament
               his
               great
               debt
               
                 causa
                 bellicae
                 expeditionis
                 in
                 partibus
                 transmarinis
                 ,
              
               occasioned
               by
               his
               foreign
               expeditions
               ,
               was
               answered
               by
               
                 Ranulph
                 Earle
              
               of
               Chester
               ,
               the
               mouth
               of
               the
               Layety
               ,
               That
               in
               the
               former
               Aides
               
                 Pecuniam
                 suam
                 effuderunt
                 ,
                 quod
                 inde
                 paupers
                 omnes
                 recesserunt
                 ,
                 unde
                 Regi
                 de
                 jure
                 auxilium
                 non
                 debebant
                 ,
              
               they
               had
               powred
               out
               their
               mony
               so
               liberally
               ,
               as
               that
               being
               all
               impoverished
               by
               it
               ,
               they
               were
               not
               obliged
               to
               assist
               him
               any
               farther
               .
               And
               thus
               b
               dissolved
               the
               Parliament
               .
            
             
               The
               Clergy
               of
               the
               Realm
               in
               the
               24.
               of
               Edward
               the
               first
               denyed
               the
               demand
               of
               Contribution
               c
               
                 in
                 expeditionem
                 Regis
                 contra
                 Gallos
                 et
                 ad
                 reprimendos
                 Scotos
                 ,
              
               towards
               the
               Kings
               expedition
               against
               the
               French
               ,
               and
               the
               repressing
               of
               the
               Scots
               .
               And
               
                 ob
                 has
                 crebras
                 exactiones
                 magnus
                 fit
                 tumultus
                 inter
                 Regem
                 et
                 Barones
                 ,
              
               by
               reason
               of
               these
               frequent
               extorsions
               ,
               there
               arose
               a
               great
               difference
               betwixt
               the
               King
               and
               the
               Barons
               .
            
             
             
               One
               of
               the
               Articles
               of
               treason
               objected
               against
               Mortimer
               a
               in
               Parliament
               4.
               of
               Edward
               3.
               was
               the
               offence
               he
               bred
               in
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               by
               causing
               a
               Subsidie
               to
               be
               exacted
               .
               This
               humour
               of
               the
               people
               did
               somewhat
               suit
               with
               that
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               Trevers
               ,
               b
               who
               stoned
               to
               death
               Proclerus
               for
               perswading
               Theodoret
               the
               Goth
               to
               crave
               a
               Subsidy
               .
            
             
               The
               Clergie
               in
               the
               12.
               of
               Edw.
               3.
               c
               deny
               such
               a
               grant
               of
               their
               Wools
               as
               the
               Laiety
               had
               yielded
               to
               ,
               for
               supplying
               the
               King
               in
               his
               affairs
               of
               France
               .
               The
               like
               answer
               they
               make
               44.
               of
               the
               same
               King
               ,
               when
               he
               d
               demanded
               in
               Parliament
               a
               Subsidy
               of
               them
               &
               the
               Commons
               of
               100000l
               .
               And
               the
               same
               King
               grown
               doubtfull
               of
               his
               people
               prest
               down
               with
               Impositions
               ,
               requireth
               the
               Archbishop
               ,
               e
               
                 Quod
                 cum
                 Populus
                 Regni
                 sui
                 variis
                 Oneribus
                 ,
                 Tallagiis
                 &
                 Imposittionibus
                 praegravetur
                 ,
                 ut
                 idem
                 Archiepisc
                 .
                 Indulgentiarum
                 muneribus
                 ,
                 piis
                 Exhortationibus
                 ,
                 &
                 aliis
                 modis
                 ,
                 eundem
                 Populum
                 placare
                 studeat
                 ,
                 &
                 ipsum
                 Regem
                 excuset
                 ,
              
               that
               since
               the
               Subjects
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               were
               over-charged
               with
               many
               Burthens
               ,
               Tallages
               ,
               and
               other
               Impositions
               ,
               the
               said
               Archbishop
               would
               by
               grant
               of
               Indulgences
               ,
               seasonable
               Exhortations
               ,
               &
               otherwaies
               endeavour
               to
               pacify
               the
               people
               ,
               and
               excuse
               the
               King.
               
            
             
               By
               reason
               of
               the
               
                 Census
                 per
                 Capita
              
               ,
               Pol-mony
               imposed
               by
               Parliament
               3.
               of
               Richard
               the
               second
               to
               defray
               the
               warres
               in
               France
               ,
               there
               were
               f
               
                 dirae
                 imprecationes
                 in
                 Regem
                 ,
                 &
                 magnae
                 post
                 perturbationes
                 in
                 Regno
                 ex
                 Plebis
                 insurrectione
                 ,
              
               heavy
               and
               bitter
               imprecations
               against
               the
               King
               ,
               which
               were
               followed
               with
               great
               troubles
               in
               the
               nation
               by
               the
               insurrection
               of
               the
               Commons
               .
               And
               as
               well
               in
               the
               reign
               of
               this
               
               King
               ,
               as
               some
               other
               of
               his
               Predecessours
               and
               Successours
               ,
               the
               Parliament
               was
               so
               tender
               in
               grant
               of
               Subsidy
               &
               other
               Taxes
               ,
               that
               they
               added
               into
               their
               Act
               ,
               a
               
                 quod
                 non
                 trahatur
                 in
                 consequentiā
              
               ,
               that
               it
               should
               be
               no
               example
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               appointing
               peculiar
               Treasurers
               of
               their
               own
               to
               give
               account
               upon
               Oath
               the
               next
               Parliament
               :
               and
               such
               Grants
               ,
               which
               they
               professed
               to
               proceed
               b
               
                 ex
                 libera
                 &
                 spontanea
                 voluntate
                 Dominorum
                 &
                 Comitatuum
                 ,
              
               from
               the
               free
               &
               voluntary
               grant
               of
               the
               Lords
               and
               respective
               Counties
               ,
               to
               be
               void
               if
               Conditions
               on
               the
               Kings
               part
               were
               not
               performed
               .
               And
               this
               unfortunate
               King
               had
               cast
               upon
               him
               as
               an
               argument
               of
               his
               unworthiness
               to
               govern
               ,
               the
               exacting
               of
               so
               great
               Subsidies
               ,
               and
               extorting
               so
               much
               money
               from
               the
               Shires
               that
               submitted
               their
               Fortunes
               unto
               his
               mercy
               .
            
             
               And
               when
               Henry
               the
               6.
               in
               anno
               20.
               would
               have
               had
               a
               Relief
               from
               his
               Subjects
               c
               
                 de
                 aliqua
                 summa
                 notabili
              
               ,
               of
               some
               considerable
               summe
               ;
               he
               had
               in
               answer
               ,
               
                 Propter
                 inopiam
              
               ,
               &c.
               
                 populi
                 illud
                 non
                 posse
                 obtineri
              
               ,
               that
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               poverty
               ,
               &c.
               of
               the
               people
               it
               could
               not
               be
               granted
               .
               The
               like
               24.
               of
               the
               same
               King.
               Great
               men
               have
               been
               disposed
               sometimes
               to
               humour
               the
               waste
               of
               Treasure
               in
               their
               Princes
               ,
               either
               to
               subject
               Power
               by
               Need
               to
               their
               devotion
               and
               awe
               ,
               (
               for
               Princes
               dare
               most
               offend
               them
               whom
               they
               have
               least
               cause
               to
               use
               ;
               )
               or
               to
               force
               Necessity
               to
               extend
               Praerogative
               so
               far
               ,
               untill
               by
               putting
               all
               into
               Combustion
               ,
               some
               may
               attain
               unto
               the
               end
               of
               their
               Ambition
               ,
               others
               the
               redresse
               of
               supposed
               Injuries
               .
               d
               Thus
               did
               the
               Faction
               of
               Hen.
               the
               fourth
               in
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               Nobility
               under
               Hen.
               the
               third
               in
               the
               other
               ;
               who
               hereby
               quitted
               the
               State
               oppressed
               (
               as
               they
               thought
               )
               
               with
               the
               Kings
               Half-brothers
               ,
               the
               Poictovins
               and
               other
               Strangers
               .
            
             
               Subjects
               feare
               to
               have
               the
               enemies
               of
               their
               Soveragins
               too
               much
               weakned
               ,
               least
               themselves
               become
               Tyrants
               .
               And
               it
               is
               in
               the
               farthest
               respect
               in
               the
               a
               Baronage
               under
               
                 John
                 ,
                 Henry
              
               his
               son
               ,
               and
               b
               Edward
               the
               second
               ,
               to
               feare
               asmuch
               the
               absolute
               Greatness
               of
               their
               Soveraign
               ,
               as
               they
               did
               the
               Diminution
               of
               their
               own
               estates
               .
               And
               therefore
               when
               they
               found
               their
               King
               to
               grow
               too
               fast
               upon
               any
               neighbour
               Adversary
               ,
               then
               would
               they
               lend
               their
               best
               aid
               to
               diminish
               his
               power
               or
               fortune
               ;
               least
               by
               inlarging
               himself
               upon
               the
               other
               that
               poized
               his
               greatness
               ,
               he
               might
               forget
               and
               become
               a
               Tyrant
               ;
               as
               one
               saith
               of
               Henry
               the
               first
               ,
               c
               
                 Assumpserat
                 cornua
                 audacia
                 tam
                 contra
                 Ecclesiam
                 quam
                 Regni
                 universalitatem
                 ,
                 Roberto
                 fratre
                 &
                 aliis
                 inimicis
                 edomitis
                 ,
              
               having
               once
               overcome
               his
               brother
               Robert
               and
               other
               enemies
               ,
               with
               audacious
               and
               presumptuous
               horns
               he
               goared
               as
               well
               the
               Church
               ,
               as
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Kingdome
               ,
               breaking
               his
               Seal
               ,
               his
               Charter
               ,
               and
               his
               Oath
               .
            
             
               The
               memory
               of
               this
               caused
               the
               Nobility
               d
               to
               call
               in
               the
               French
               Kings
               Son
               ,
               when
               John
               their
               Soveraign
               began
               to
               know
               his
               own
               authority
               (
               as
               they
               thought
               )
               too
               much
               .
               And
               the
               French
               Subjects
               aided
               on
               the
               other
               side
               Henry
               the
               third
               against
               their
               Mr.
               when
               he
               was
               almost
               cooped
               up
               in
               his
               Britain
               journey
               .
               This
               (
               as
               the
               Stories
               report
               )
               being
               a
               practice
               usuall
               in
               those
               dayes
               .
            
             
               THe
               last
               mischief
               is
               the
               disposition
               that
               Military
               education
               leaveth
               in
               the
               mindes
               of
               many
               ;
               
               For
               it
               is
               not
               born
               with
               them
               that
               they
               
               so
               much
               distaste
               peace
               ,
               but
               proceeds
               from
               that
               custome
               that
               hath
               made
               in
               them
               another
               nature
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               rarely
               found
               that
               ever
               Civil
               troubles
               of
               this
               State
               were
               dangerously
               undertaken
               ,
               
               but
               where
               the
               plot
               and
               pursuit
               was
               made
               by
               a
               spirit
               so
               infused
               .
            
             
               King
               Iohn
               had
               been
               after
               a
               
                 sine
                 Regno
              
               without
               a
               Kingdome
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               at
               first
               
                 sans
                 terre
              
               without
               land
               ,
               if
               his
               rebenediction
               had
               not
               wrought
               more
               upon
               the
               disloyall
               designs
               of
               Fitzwalter
               and
               Marshall
               ,
               (
               whom
               his
               own
               elective
               love
               had
               made
               great
               in
               opinion
               by
               the
               Norman
               Services
               )
               then
               either
               his
               rebated
               Sword
               or
               blasted
               Sceptre
               could
               .
            
             
               b
               If
               
                 Simon
                 Montfort
              
               had
               not
               been
               too
               much
               improved
               in
               Experience
               and
               his
               own
               Opinion
               by
               the
               many
               services
               he
               underwent
               in
               the
               government
               of
               Gasco●gn
               ,
               he
               had
               never
               so
               much
               dared
               against
               Duty
               ,
               as
               to
               come
               over
               at
               the
               first
               call
               to
               make
               head
               against
               his
               Master
               ,
               and
               pursue
               him
               with
               that
               fury
               of
               Ambition
               ,
               untilt
               he
               had
               forced
               him
               to
               redeem
               the
               liberty
               of
               his
               person
               by
               the
               blasting
               of
               so
               many
               flowers
               of
               his
               
                 Imperiall
                 Crown
              
               :
               and
               to
               set
               himself
               so
               far
               below
               the
               seat
               of
               Majesty
               ,
               as
               to
               capitulate
               with
               them
               upon
               even
               conditions
               ,
               which
               not
               performed
               (
               I
               use
               his
               own
               words
               )
               c
               
                 Liceat
                 omnibus
                 de
                 Regno
                 nostro
                 contra
                 nos
                 insurgere
                 ,
              
               it
               shall
               be
               lawfull
               for
               all
               persons
               in
               our
               Kingdome
               to
               rise
               up
               against
               us
               ,
               and
               to
               do
               
                 omnia
                 quae
                 gravamen
                 nostrum
                 respiciant
                 ,
                 ac
                 si
                 Nobis
                 in
                 nullo
                 tenerentur
                 ,
              
               so
               to
               act
               all
               things
               in
               reference
               to
               the
               grievances
               from
               us
               upon
               them
               ,
               as
               if
               they
               were
               by
               no
               ty
               obliged
               to
               us
               .
            
             
               If
               
                 Richard
                 Duke
              
               of
               York
               had
               never
               learned
               to
               be
               so
               great
               a
               Souldier
               at
               the
               cost
               of
               his
               Master
               
               Henry
               the
               sixth
               in
               another
               State
               ,
               he
               had
               never
               disquieted
               the
               calm
               of
               his
               Times
               ,
               or
               given
               just
               occasion
               to
               his
               Opposite
               Somerset
               to
               say
               ,
               
               That
               
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 learned
                 to
                 play
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 his
                 Regencie
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 forgot
                 to
                 obey
                 as
                 a
                 Subject
                 when
                 he
                 returned
                 into
                 England
                 .
              
            
             
               Our
               own
               times
               can
               afford
               some
               ,
               whose
               spirit
               improved
               by
               
                 Military
                 imployment
              
               ,
               and
               made
               wanton
               with
               popular
               applause
               ,
               might
               have
               given
               instance
               of
               these
               dangers
               ,
               if
               good
               successe
               had
               been
               a
               relative
               to
               bad
               intentions
               .
               And
               every
               age
               breeds
               some
               exorbitant
               spirits
               ,
               who
               turn
               the
               edge
               of
               their
               own
               sufficiency
               upon
               whatsoever
               they
               can
               devour
               in
               their
               ambitious
               apprehensions
               ,
               seeking
               rather
               a
               great
               then
               a
               good
               Fame
               ;
               and
               holding
               it
               the
               chiefest
               Honour
               to
               be
               thought
               the
               Wonder
               of
               their
               times
               :
               which
               if
               they
               attain
               to
               ,
               it
               is
               but
               the
               condition
               of
               Monsters
               ,
               that
               are
               generally
               much
               admired
               ,
               but
               more
               abhorred
               .
            
             
               But
               warre
               some
               may
               say
               mouldeth
               not
               all
               men
               thus
               :
               for
               vertuous
               men
               will
               use
               their
               weapons
               for
               ornament
               amongst
               their
               Friends
               ,
               against
               Enemies
               for
               defence
               .
               And
               to
               those
               men
               their
               own
               goodness
               is
               not
               safe
               ,
               
                 nam
                 Regibus
                 boni
                 quam
                 mali
                 suspectiores
                 sunt
                 ,
              
               for
               Kings
               suspect
               good
               men
               sooner
               then
               bad
               .
               Kings
               must
               have
               their
               Ministers
               
                 pares
                 negotiis
              
               fit
               for
               their
               businesse
               ,
               and
               not
               supra
               above
               it
               ,
               or
               too
               able
               for
               it
               .
               For
               another
               mans
               too-much
               sufficiency
               (
               as
               they
               take
               it
               )
               is
               a
               diminution
               of
               their
               respectiveness
               ,
               
               and
               therefore
               dangerous
               .
            
             
               THe
               meaner
               sort
               having
               forgot
               the
               toile
               of
               their
               first
               life
               by
               inuring
               themselves
               to
               the
               liberty
               of
               Warre
               ,
               which
               leaveth
               for
               the
               most
               part
               
               the
               lives
               of
               men
               to
               their
               own
               looseness
               ,
               and
               the
               means
               of
               getting
               to
               their
               own
               justice
               ,
               can
               never
               again
               endure
               either
               order
               or
               labour
               ;
               and
               so
               return
               but
               to
               corrupt
               the
               Common-wealth
               with
               their
               lawlesse
               manners
               .
               For
               living
               more
               riotously
               then
               the
               rapine
               of
               forrein
               victory
               could
               warrant
               ,
               (
               as
               for
               the
               most
               they
               doe
               )
               in
               contempt
               of
               their
               own
               private
               Want
               and
               Fortune
               ,
               they
               desire
               a
               change
               of
               the
               publick
               Quiet
               .
               In
               Tumults
               and
               Uproars
               they
               take
               least
               care
               for
               their
               livings
               ,
               howere
               the
               world
               goes
               they
               can
               be
               no
               loosers
               :
               for
               like
               Silla's
               Army
               ,
               making
               no
               difference
               between
               sacred
               and
               profane
               Robberies
               ,
               (
               for
               the
               vitors
               Sword
               seldome
               teacheth
               either
               mean
               or
               modesty
               )
               they
               will
               be
               ready
               upon
               every
               advantage
               to
               pillage
               their
               Country-men
               at
               home
               .
               For
               who
               can
               expect
               men
               dissolutely
               disciplined
               can
               ever
               use
               their
               armes
               with
               moderation
               ?
            
             
               Against
               the
               fury
               of
               such
               seditious
               Outrages
               many
               Parliaments
               ,
               as
               a
               in
               the
               22.
               of
               Hen.
               the
               6.
               have
               been
               sollicited
               for
               redresse
               .
               And
               that
               example
               in
               b
               Champaign
               after
               the
               Peace
               at
               Callis
               1360
               ,
               where
               this
               licentious
               Rout
               at
               the
               close
               of
               those
               warres
               slue
               the
               Duke
               of
               Bourbon
               ,
               and
               besieged
               the
               Pope
               at
               Avignon
               ,
               may
               suffice
               to
               expresse
               this
               mischief
               .
            
             
               It
               hath
               no
               lesse
               weakened
               the
               bond
               of
               mutual
               Trade
               ;
               since
               our
               Marchants
               ,
               whom
               the
               necessity
               of
               late
               times
               left
               to
               recover
               by
               force
               the
               losses
               they
               pretended
               ,
               do
               now
               teach
               ,
               as
               a
               Maxime
               of
               their
               Mysterie
               and
               our
               State
               ,
               That
               the
               directest
               way
               either
               to
               wealth
               or
               security
               is
               by
               Rapine
               and
               Spoile
               :
               and
               to
               cloake
               their
               own
               ends
               pretend
               the
               common
               good
               ;
               as
               if
               the
               State
               stood
               by
               their
               affections
               ,
               when
               in
               truth
               they
               
               themselves
               cannot
               fish
               but
               in
               
                 aqua
                 turbida
              
               in
               troubled
               waters
               ;
               &
               therefore
               would
               have
               
                 Incendium
                 Patriae
              
               a
               bonefire
               of
               their
               Country
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               but
               to
               keep
               warm
               &
               a
               wake
               their
               own
               humours
               .
            
             
               THe
               last
               motive
               from
               Necessity
               is
               ,
               
               the
               ease
               Warre
               bringeth
               to
               a
               surcharged
               State.
               Intending
               it
               seemeth
               Warre
               but
               as
               the
               Sinck
               ,
               and
               Souldiers
               but
               as
               the
               Corruptions
               of
               Commonweals
               ;
               whereas
               besides
               the
               inevitable
               use
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               and
               the
               noble
               condition
               of
               the
               other
               ,
               (
               an
               Errour
               in
               the
               argument
               )
               Nature
               doth
               never
               oppresse
               further
               by
               increase
               ,
               them
               she
               again
               dischargeth
               .
               The
               brest
               of
               the
               Mother
               she
               enableth
               to
               nourish
               up
               as
               many
               as
               the
               Womb
               shall
               
                 uno
                 partu
              
               at
               one
               birth
               ever
               bring
               forth
               ;
               proportioning
               to
               the
               number
               of
               the
               children
               the
               condition
               of
               their
               Strength
               and
               Appetites
               .
               It
               is
               then
               accession
               of
               our
               own
               that
               may
               surcharge
               ;
               for
               Parents
               by
               such
               indulgent
               admission
               may
               soon
               famish
               whom
               in
               Motherly
               affection
               they
               intend
               to
               cherish
               .
            
             
               But
               admitting
               the
               former
               ground
               ,
               whether
               by
               this
               way
               of
               waste
               we
               be
               ever
               able
               and
               at
               pleasure
               to
               gage
               the
               Issue
               (
               when
               such
               elective
               power
               is
               left
               to
               him
               onely
               
                 qui
                 suis
                 stat
                 viribus
                 ,
                 non
                 alieno
                 pendet
                 arbitrio
                 ,
              
               who
               stands
               by
               his
               own
               strength
               ,
               and
               not
               at
               the
               pleasure
               of
               another
               )
               is
               considerable
               ;
               since
               to
               begin
               
                 cuivis
                 licet
                 ,
                 deponere
                 cum
                 victores
                 volunt
                 ,
              
               is
               easy
               for
               any
               man
               ,
               but
               the
               laying
               down
               will
               be
               at
               the
               conquerous
               pleasure
               .
               For
               the
               wasting
               of
               our
               people
               in
               ambitious
               Enterprizes
               (
               as
               that
               for
               an
               Empire
               by
               Constsantine
               in
               France
               )
               left
               this
               land
               as
               a
               prey
               to
               the
               barbarous
               Frontiers
               ,
               a
               
                 omni
                 milite
                 &
                 floridae
                 Iuventuts
                 alacritatespoliata
                 ,
              
               being
               left
               
               naked
               of
               Souldiery
               ,
               and
               robbed
               of
               the
               choicest
               flower
               of
               youth
               .
               And
               when
               we
               were
               tied
               to
               make
               good
               our
               undertaking
               in
               France
               ,
               the
               waste
               of
               our
               people
               was
               so
               great
               ,
               that
               to
               supply
               extremity
               we
               took
               
                 purgamenta
                 urbium
              
               ,
               the
               dreggs
               of
               townes
               ,
               (
               as
               Curtius
               saith
               of
               Alexander
               ;
               )
               a
               Need
               hiring
               the
               Bankrupts
               by
               protection
               ,
               as
               in
               22.
               of
               Edward
               the
               first
               ;
               and
               enforcing
               ,
               against
               the
               rule
               of
               justice
               ,
               the
               Judges
               to
               put
               
                 Placita
                 eorum
                 in
                 respectu
                 qui
                 in
                 obsequium
                 Regis
                 profecturi
                 sunt
                 ,
              
               Pleas
               in
               the
               behalf
               of
               such
               as
               were
               to
               go
               in
               the
               Kings
               service
               .
               And
               as
               Tacitus
               of
               a
               declined
               Majesty
               saith
               ,
               
                 emunt
                 militem
                 ,
                 non
                 legunt
              
               ,
               they
               buy
               their
               Souldiers
               rather
               then
               make
               choice
               of
               them
               ;
               we
               made
               purchase
               of
               generall
               Pardons
               of
               all
               that
               were
               
                 Utlegati
                 ,
                 Banniti
                 ,
                 aut
                 de
                 Feloniis
                 indictati
                 ,
                 si
                 cum
                 Rege
                 transitare
                 voluerint
                 ,
              
               out-lawed
               ,
               excommunicated
               ,
               or
               indicted
               of
               Fellony
               ,
               in
               case
               they
               would
               go
               over
               with
               the
               King.
               As
               in
               the
               same
               year
               of
               the
               former
               King
               and
               in
               the
               year
               after
               were
               discharged
               out
               of
               all
               Prisons
               in
               the
               Realm
               to
               the
               number
               of
               97
               notorious
               Malefactours
               .
               b
               And
               in
               the
               18.
               of
               Edward
               the
               second
               ,
               and
               8.
               of
               Edw.
               the
               third
               ,
               and
               12.
               of
               Edw.
               fourth
               we
               did
               the
               like
               .
               An
               army
               better
               apted
               by
               Necessity
               then
               Election
               to
               live
               upon
               the
               Enemy
               ,
               
                 Quibus
                 ob
                 Egestatem
                 &
                 Flagitia
                 maxima
                 peccandi
                 necessitudo
                 est
                 ,
              
               whose
               indigency
               and
               former
               ill
               way
               of
               life
               must
               needs
               make
               them
               ready
               for
               any
               mischief
               .
               In
               the
               end
               of
               this
               King
               last
               remembred
               ,
               and
               entrance
               of
               his
               Heir
               Richard
               the
               second
               ,
               the
               State
               began
               to
               be
               sensible
               of
               consuming
               Issue
               ;
               which
               not
               lying
               in
               the
               Kings
               power
               (
               now
               as
               the
               strength
               of
               France
               ,
               set
               on
               Revenge
               ,
               stood
               )
               to
               stay
               at
               pleasure
               ,
               (
               for
               —
               
                 arma
                 tenenti
                 Omnia
                 dat
                 qui
                 justa
                 negat
              
               —
               Deny
               the
               
               Souldiers
               due
               ,
               You
               give
               him
               all
               you
               have
               )
               it
               was
               urged
               to
               him
               in
               Parliament
               a
               7.
               of
               his
               reign
               ,
               as
               an
               errour
               in
               his
               Government
               :
               whereto
               he
               answered
               ,
               that
               they
               ought
               not
               to
               lay
               the
               cause
               upon
               him
               ,
               for
               that
               together
               with
               the
               Crown
               the
               Warres
               descended
               unto
               him
               .
               And
               the
               Chauncellor
               4.
               of
               Henry
               the
               4.
               declared
               publickly
               in
               the
               Higher
               House
               ,
               that
               by
               the
               mischance
               of
               Warre
               and
               want
               of
               reasonable
               Peace
               ,
               (
               for
               I
               use
               the
               words
               of
               the
               Roll
               )
               occasioned
               by
               dissension
               and
               private
               desire
               ,
               the
               flower
               of
               Chivalry
               and
               Rock
               of
               Nobless
               within
               the
               Realm
               was
               in
               a
               manner
               consumed
               .
               
                 
                   Nobilitas
                   cum
                   Plebe
                   perit
                   ,
                   
                   lateque
                   vagatur
                
                 
                   Ensis
                   ,
                   &
                   à
                   multo
                   revocatū
                   est
                   pectore
                   ferrum
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Peer
                   and
                   Peasant
                   falls
                   ,
                   and
                   hating
                   rest
                
                 
                   Bloudy
                   the
                   Sword
                   returns
                   from
                   many
                   a
                   breast
                   .
                
              
               And
               the
               whole
               State
               by
               warre
               had
               been
               thus
               subverted
               ,
               had
               not
               God
               as
               a
               mean
               raised
               that
               King.
               
            
             
               But
               since
               the
               end
               of
               mans
               creation
               is
               not
               for
               the
               Slaughter
               ,
               
               nor
               education
               of
               Armes
               to
               make
               men
               Castawayes
               ;
               the
               course
               most
               answerable
               either
               to
               Charity
               ,
               or
               Example
               ,
               (
               for
               Rome
               did
               by
               Colonies
               inlarge
               and
               confirm
               her
               Empire
               )
               is
               to
               transplant
               that
               we
               may
               best
               spare
               .
               In
               Ireland
               we
               may
               increase
               the
               King
               many
               Subjects
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               
                 Indies
                 God
              
               many
               servants
               :
               a
               world
               from
               our
               Forefathers
               lookt
               up
               by
               divine
               Providence
               ,
               as
               onely
               best
               to
               glorify
               and
               purify
               these
               Times
               .
               And
               as
               in
               warre
               
                 conquirendus
                 potius
                 miles
                 quam
                 dimittendus
              
               ,
               Souldiers
               are
               rather
               to
               be
               listed
               then
               disbanded
               ;
               so
               
                 post
                 bellum
                 vires
                 refovendae
                 magis
                 quam
                 spargendae
                 ,
              
               after
               warre
               forces
               are
               rather
               to
               be
               cherished
               then
               wasted
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               in
               answer
               of
               Necessity
               .
            
             
               
               
                 Answer
                 to
                 the
                 Arguments
                 of
                 Profit
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 profits
                 gained
                 by
                 Forrain
                 Expeditions
                 cannot
                 be
                 any
                 wayes
                 so
                 truly
                 esteemed
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 by
                 setting
                 down
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 Mony
                 ,
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Munition
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 made
                 purchase
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 I
                 will
                 therefore
                 deliver
                 as
                 they
                 fall
                 in
                 sequence
                 all
                 the
                 Impositions
                 ,
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Lones
                 ,
                 whether
                 by
                 general
                 Grant
                 ,
                 or
                 Praerogative
                 power
                 levied
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 summing
                 after
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 go
                 along
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 our
                 Princes
                 ,
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 vast
                 provisions
                 of
                 Victualls
                 raised
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 necessity
                 &
                 expence
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 VVIlliam
                 the
                 Conquerour
                 in
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 his
                 government
                 took
                 of
                 every
                 Hide-land
                 12d
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 due
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 to
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 both
                 before
                 and
                 since
                 the
                 Conquest
                 .
                 to
                 defray
                 such
                 charge
                 as
                 either
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 from
                 spoile
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Sea
                 from
                 Piracy
                 ,
                 should
                 expose
                 the
                 Prince
                 to
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 called
                 
                   Dane-geld
                   ,
                   Gelda
                   Regis
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Hidage
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 sessed
                 by
                 the
                 Hide
                 or
                 Plough-land
                 ,
                 like
                 to
                 that
                 
                   Jugatio
                   per
                   jugera
                
                 taxation
                 by
                 the
                 acre
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 no
                 rate
                 definite
                 with
                 this
                 as
                 with
                 another
                 Exaction
                 ,
                 taken
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Monk
                 of
                 S.
                 Albans
                 a
                 saith
                 ,
                 
                   sive
                   per
                   fas
                   sive
                   per
                   nefas
                   ,
                
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 or
                 by
                 foule
                 .
                 He
                 passed
                 over
                 into
                 France
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 list
                 of
                 charge
                 he
                 ranked
                 the
                 Bishops
                 and
                 Abbots
                 ,
                 sessing
                 upon
                 them
                 and
                 at
                 their
                 charge
                 a
                 proportion
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 for
                 his
                 service
                 ,
                 exiling
                 many
                 worthy
                 men
                 that
                 opposed
                 this
                 thraldome
                 .
              
               
                 
                   William
                   Rufus
                   anno
                
                 7.
                 
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 heads
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 he
                 mustered
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 French
                 wars
                 10.
                 shil
                 .
                 a
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 discharged
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 9.
                 he
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 end
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Churches
                 of
                 their
                 Ornaments
                 and
                 
                   Holy
                   vessels
                
                 ,
                 and
                 levied
                 
                 4
                 Hidages
                 of
                 every
                 Plough-land
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Tributis
                   Angliam
                   non
                   modo
                   abradens
                   ,
                   sed
                   excorians
                   ,
                
                 not
                 only
                 shaving
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 flaying
                 England
                 with
                 his
                 impositions
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 wearied
                 with
                 warre
                 and
                 expence
                 ,
                 
                   ne
                   respirare
                   potuit
                   Anglia
                   sub
                   ipso
                   suffoc●ta
                   ,
                   England
                
                 was
                 quite
                 stifled
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 breath
                 .
                 —
                 b
                 
                   Quid
                   jam
                   non
                   Regibus
                   ausum
                   ?
                   Aut
                   quid
                   jam
                   Regno
                   restat
                   Scelus
                   ?
                
                 —
                 What
                 durst
                 not
                 Kings
                 then
                 do
                 ?
                 What
                 mischief
                 could
                 the
                 Nation
                 suffer
                 more
                 ?
                 in
                 this
                 Kings
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 c
                 
                   Henry
                   the
                   first
                
                 anno
                 5.
                 magnam
                 à
                 
                   Regno
                   exegit
                   Pecuniam
                
                 ,
                 exacted
                 a
                 great
                 summe
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 passed
                 into
                 France
                 :
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 d
                 
                   gravabatur
                   terra
                   Angliae
                   oppressionibus
                   multis
                   ,
                   England
                
                 was
                 born
                 down
                 with
                 many
                 oppressions
                 .
                 e
                 He
                 took
                 in
                 the
                 10.
                 year
                 6.
                 shillings
                 Danegeld
                 .
                 f
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 17.
                 
                 
                   Quod
                   inter
                   eum
                   &
                   Regem
                   Francorū
                   magnū
                   fuit
                   dissidium
                   ,
                   Anglia
                   fuit
                   variis
                   depressa
                   Exactionibus
                   ,
                   &
                   Bonis
                   sine
                   peccato
                   spoliata
                   ,
                
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 difference
                 betwixt
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   England
                
                 was
                 oppressed
                 with
                 divers
                 exactions
                 ,
                 &
                 men
                 spoild
                 of
                 their
                 goods
                 for
                 no
                 offence
                 at
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 King
                 Stephen
                 there
                 need
                 no
                 more
                 then
                 the
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 Monk
                 of
                 Gisborn
                 ,
                 
                 g
                 
                   Post
                   annum
                   sextum
                   Pax
                   nulla
                   ,
                   omnes
                   partes
                   terrebat
                   violenta
                   Praedatio
                   ,
                
                 after
                 the
                 6.
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 reign
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 quiet
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 land
                 became
                 a
                 prey
                 and
                 spoil
                 to
                 violent
                 men
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 
                 alluding
                 not
                 unlike
                 to
                 the
                 Feoda
                 given
                 the
                 Eremitae
                 in
                 the
                 decline
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 as
                 Salaries
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 stood
                 bound
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 against
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Barbarous
                   Nations
                
                 ,
                 continued
                 the
                 Policy
                 of
                 his
                 Progenitours
                 ,
                 who
                 allotted
                 the
                 land
                 into
                 
                 such
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 equall
                 protions
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 seem
                 competent
                 for
                 supportation
                 of
                 a
                 Knight
                 or
                 man
                 at
                 Armes
                 ;
                 from
                 whom
                 (
                 as
                 occasion
                 required
                 )
                 they
                 received
                 either
                 service
                 or
                 contribution
                 .
                 This
                 Tenure
                 ,
                 now
                 esteemed
                 a
                 Thraldome
                 ,
                 began
                 upon
                 a
                 voluntary
                 and
                 desired
                 submission
                 ;
                 for
                 who
                 from
                 his
                 gift
                 would
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 accept
                 land
                 upon
                 the
                 like
                 conditions
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 toucheth
                 not
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 as
                 a
                 wrong
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 in
                 right
                 his
                 own
                 ?
                 And
                 therefore
                 respecting
                 their
                 first
                 immediate
                 dependency
                 upon
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Honour
                 ,
                 their
                 duties
                 and
                 Escheats
                 a
                 great
                 benefit
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 attendance
                 by
                 Tenure
                 in
                 warre
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charge
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 60216
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Knights
                 Fees
                 in
                 England
                 are
                 no
                 lesse
                 )
                 a
                 great
                 ease
                 ,
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 security
                 to
                 his
                 State
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 
                   totidem
                   Hostagia
                
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 as
                 Bracton
                 saith
                 ;
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 thing
                 perillous
                 now
                 to
                 alter
                 ,
                 after
                 such
                 a
                 current
                 of
                 time
                 &
                 custome
                 .
                 This
                 King
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 better
                 his
                 own
                 strength
                 ,
                 
                   publico
                   praecepti
                   edicto
                   quod
                   quilibet
                   Praelatus
                   &
                   Baro
                   ,
                   quot
                   Milites
                   de
                   eo
                   tenerent
                   in
                   Capite
                   publicis
                   suis
                   instrumentis
                   significarent
                   ,
                
                 he
                 caused
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 proclaimed
                 that
                 every
                 Prelate
                 and
                 Baron
                 should
                 notify
                 by
                 publick
                 deed
                 how
                 many
                 Knightships
                 they
                 held
                 of
                 him
                 
                   in
                   capite
                
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 rule
                 of
                 Scutage
                 ,
                 constant
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 ,
                 he
                 levied
                 alwayes
                 his
                 Subsidies
                 and
                 relief
                 ,
                 though
                 divers
                 in
                 the
                 rate
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 neare
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 record
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 Scutage
                 ,
                 a
                 which
                 was
                 anno
                 5.
                 amounted
                 to
                 124
                 
                   millia
                   librarum
                   argenti
                
                 ,
                 thousand
                 pounds
                 of
                 silver
                 ;
                 which
                 reduced
                 to
                 the
                 standard
                 of
                 our
                 mony
                 5
                 shil
                 .
                 the
                 ounce
                 ,
                 whereas
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 five
                 groats
                 ,
                 will
                 
                 amount
                 to
                 near
                 
                   400000l
                   .
                   An.
                
                 7.
                 
                 a
                 
                   Scutagiū
                   fuit
                   assessum
                   ad
                   duas
                   Marcas
                   pro
                   Exercitu
                   Tholosae
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Scutage
                 was
                 assessed
                 2
                 Marks
                 for
                 the
                 army
                 at
                 Tholouse
                 ;
                 w
                 ch
                 if
                 summed
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 received
                 number
                 of
                 Knights
                 Fees
                 ,
                 being
                 60216
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Layety
                 onely
                 ,
                 of
                 our
                 moneys
                 cannot
                 be
                 lesse
                 then
                 250000l
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 year
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 11
                 b
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Aid
                 
                   pro
                   servientibus
                   inveniendis
                   in
                   exerciu
                
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 men
                 to
                 serve
                 in
                 the
                 wars
                 ,
                 of
                 2d.
                 
                   de
                   unaquaque
                   libra
                
                 in
                 every
                 pound
                 .
                 And
                 4.
                 
                   sequentibus
                   annis
                   de
                   singulis
                   libris
                   singulis
                   denariis
                   ,
                
                 in
                 the
                 four
                 following
                 yeares
                 a
                 penny
                 in
                 the
                 pound
                 was
                 taken
                 of
                 all
                 men
                 ,
                 the
                 estates
                 of
                 mens
                 Fortunes
                 being
                 delivered
                 upon
                 their
                 Oaths
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 14.
                 yeare
                 a
                 Scutage
                 was
                 assessed
                 c
                 
                   ad
                   Marcam
                   unam
                   de
                   singulis
                   Feodis
                   ,
                
                 one
                 Mark
                 on
                 every
                 Fee.
                 And
                 anno
                 18.
                 
                 d
                 
                   Scutagium
                   pro
                   quo
                   libet
                   Feodo
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Scutage
                 for
                 every
                 Fee.
                 A
                 Tenth
                 of
                 all
                 moveables
                 was
                 granted
                 in
                 the
                 35.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 year
                 dying
                 ,
                 900
                 e
                 
                   millia
                   librarum
                   in
                   auro
                   &
                   argento
                   ,
                   praeter
                   utensilia
                   &
                   jocalia
                   reliquit
                   ,
                
                 he
                 left
                 in
                 mony
                 900000
                 pounds
                 ,
                 besides
                 Plate
                 and
                 Jewels
                 .
              
               
                 f
                 Richard
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 besides
                 
                   Scutagium
                   Wallae
                   assessum
                
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 upon
                 Wales
                 at
                 10.
                 shil
                 .
                 levied
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 succour
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Land
                 a
                 Subsidie
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Moveables
                 in
                 the
                 Realm
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 use
                 ;
                 g
                 
                   Et
                   eleemosynae
                   titulo
                   vitium
                   Rapacitatis
                   inclusit
                   ,
                
                 cloaking
                 his
                 ravenous
                 extortion
                 under
                 the
                 fair
                 name
                 of
                 a
                 pious
                 almes
                 .
                 A
                 contribution
                 there
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 6.
                 yeare
                 of
                 150
                 h
                 
                   millia
                   marcarum
                   argenti
                   ad
                   pondus
                   Columniensium
                   ,
                
                 150000
                 marks
                 of
                 silver
                 to
                 pay
                 his
                 ransome
                 :
                 as
                 also
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 20
                 shil
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 i
                 7.
                 he
                 imposed
                 for
                 his
                 warrs
                 a
                 contribution
                 called
                 Tenementale
                 .
                 
                 Extremity
                 (
                 for
                 by
                 his
                 waste
                 and
                 imprisonment
                 he
                 had
                 almost
                 exhausted
                 the
                 wealth
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 )
                 invented
                 
                   nova
                   &
                   varia
                   praedandi
                   vocabula
                
                 ,
                 new
                 and
                 sundry
                 words
                 to
                 expresse
                 his
                 exactions
                 ,
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 a
                 saith
                 ,
                 of
                 
                   Centesima
                   &
                   Quinguage
                   fima
                
                 ,
                 an
                 hundredth
                 part
                 and
                 a
                 fiftieth
                 part
                 ,
                 (
                 names
                 that
                 since
                 have
                 found
                 reception
                 and
                 use
                 with
                 us
                 .
                 )
                 This
                 was
                 2.
                 shillings
                 of
                 every
                 Plough-land
                 from
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Gentry
                 and
                 Nobility
                 the
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Military
                 service
                 .
                 He
                 inforced
                 the
                 
                   Cistertian
                   Monks
                
                 b
                 to
                 redeem
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 their
                 woolls
                 
                   fine
                   Pecuniaria
                
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 Fine
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Normandy
                 c
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 20
                 shillings
                 .
                 d
                 And
                 4.
                 years
                 after
                 of
                 every
                 Plough-land
                 5.
                 shillings
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 every
                 Borough
                 and
                 e
                 City
                 
                   duos
                   palfridos
                   &
                   totidem
                   summarios
                
                 ,
                 2.
                 horses
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 summaryes
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 every
                 Abbot
                 half
                 asmuch
                 .
                 Then
                 loosing
                 of
                 purpose
                 his
                 great
                 Seale
                 ,
                 proclaimed
                 that
                 f
                 
                   Omnes
                   Chartae
                   &
                   Confirmationes
                   novi
                   Sigilli
                   impressione
                   roborarentur
                   ,
                
                 all
                 Charters
                 and
                 Assurances
                 should
                 be
                 confirmed
                 by
                 the
                 new
                 Seal
                 .
                 Whereby
                 anew
                 he
                 drew
                 from
                 all
                 men
                 a
                 composition
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 This
                 fashion
                 was
                 afterwards
                 taken
                 up
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Successours
                 ;
                 as
                 g
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 3.
                 when
                 all
                 again
                 were
                 enjoyned
                 
                   qui
                   suis
                   volebant
                   libertatibus
                   gaudere
                
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 would
                 enjoy
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 
                   ut
                   innovarent
                   Chartas
                   suas
                   de
                   novo
                   Regis
                   Sigiilo
                   ,
                
                 to
                 renew
                 their
                 Charters
                 from
                 the
                 Kings
                 new
                 Seal
                 .
                 Some
                 reason
                 h
                 Richard
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 becoma
                 a
                 gatherer
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 by
                 accompt
                 of
                 
                   Chancellour
                   Hubert
                
                 then
                 Archbishop
                 ,
                 spent
                 
                   infra
                   blennium
                   undecies
                   centena
                   millia
                   Marcarum
                   argenti
                   de
                   Regno
                   
                   Angliae
                   ,
                
                 
                 within
                 less
                 then
                 2
                 yeares
                 eleven
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Marks
                 of
                 silver
                 current
                 English
                 money
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 brother
                 Iohn
                 succeeding
                 a
                 took
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 two
                 Marks
                 .
                 b
                 For
                 the
                 two
                 next
                 years
                 3
                 shil
                 .
                 of
                 every
                 Plough
                 :
                 c
                 and
                 the
                 year
                 following
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 Scutage
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 40.
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 and
                 Layety
                 .
                 d
                 In
                 the
                 4.
                 year
                 hee
                 took
                 the
                 like
                 Scutage
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 e
                 seventh
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 moveable
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Baronage
                 &
                 Clergie
                 .
                 A
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 2
                 Marks
                 f
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 g
                 The
                 like
                 in
                 the
                 6.
                 and
                 7.
                 years
                 20
                 shil
                 .
                 Scutage
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 13
                 part
                 of
                 Moveables
                 aswell
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 as
                 Layety
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 following
                 .
                 In
                 h
                 an
                 .
                 9.
                 he
                 exacted
                 by
                 redemption
                 of
                 the
                 Concubines
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 a
                 great
                 summe
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 11.
                 i
                 
                   extor
                   sit
                   tributum
                   grave
                   ,
                   scil
                   .
                   140
                   millia
                   librarum
                   à
                   viris
                   Ecclesiasticis
                   ,
                
                 he
                 extorted
                 a
                 great
                 tribute
                 ,
                 viz.
                 140000
                 pounds
                 of
                 the
                 Church-men
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 furnish
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 k
                 
                   Clericorum
                   Horrea
                   invadit
                
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 Barns
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 .
                 In
                 l
                 the
                 12.
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 two
                 marks
                 ,
                 besides
                 an
                 exaction
                 m
                 of
                 22000l
                 .
                 from
                 the
                 Cistertians
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 n
                 in
                 the
                 13.
                 year
                 a
                 Scutage
                 assessed
                 at
                 20
                 sh
                 .
                 
                   pro
                   excrcitu
                   Walliae
                
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Welsh
                 Army
                 ;
                 exacting
                 o
                 from
                 the
                 Ministers
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 in
                 the
                 year
                 following
                 40000
                 marks
                 .
                 p
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 16.
                 year
                 
                   Scutagium
                   assessum
                   fuit
                   pro
                   exercitu
                   Pictaviae
                   ad
                   3
                   Marcas
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Scutage
                 was
                 assessed
                 at
                 3
                 Marks
                 so
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Poictou
                 .
                 Thus
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 17
                 years
                 the
                 State
                 was
                 delivered
                 but
                 thrice
                 from
                 Impositions
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 
                 q
                 upon
                 the
                 Clergie
                 ,
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 there
                 was
                 assessed
                 15
                 Scutages
                 ;
                 one
                 at
                 10
                 shillings
                 ,
                 two
                 at
                 20
                 ,
                 eight
                 at
                 two
                 Marks
                 ,
                 and
                 4.
                 at
                 40
                 shillings
                 
                 the
                 Knights
                 Fee.
                 a
                 The
                 land
                 of
                 the
                 inferiour
                 sort
                 twice
                 taxed
                 ;
                 first
                 at
                 2
                 shillings
                 ,
                 after
                 at
                 half
                 a
                 Mark
                 the
                 Plough
                 .
                 b
                 And
                 two
                 Tallages
                 upon
                 the
                 land
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
                 c
                 From
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Lay
                 Subjects
                 moveable
                 goods
                 hath
                 been
                 taken
                 5
                 times
                 :
                 as
                 the
                 40.
                 the
                 30.
                 20.
                 and
                 15.
                 parts
                 ,
                 d
                 and
                 once
                 the
                 16.
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 for
                 this
                 King.
                 e
                 A
                 Tenth
                 he
                 9.
                 times
                 imposed
                 upon
                 the
                 Church
                 :
                 six
                 times
                 for
                 a
                 yeare
                 onely
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 it self
                 ;
                 once
                 accompanied
                 with
                 the
                 First-Fruits
                 ;
                 once
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 ;
                 and
                 once
                 for
                 5.
                 
                 f
                 Besides
                 2.
                 
                 Aides
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 moderate
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 called
                 g
                 
                   gravis
                   exactio
                
                 ,
                 a
                 heavy
                 exaction
                 ,
                 and
                 worthily
                 ,
                 if
                 to
                 the
                 800.
                 
                 Marks
                 imposed
                 upon
                 h
                 S.
                 
                   Edmunds
                   Bury
                
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Abberes
                 were
                 rated
                 accordingly
                 .
                 i
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 accompt
                 of
                 
                   Willihelmus
                   de
                   Midleton
                
                 k
                 he
                 received
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 government
                 
                   de
                   exitu
                   Iudaismi
                   4020000l
                
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 56.
                 yeares
                 of
                 his
                 reign
                 (
                 excepting
                 five
                 )
                 either
                 the
                 Church
                 or
                 Common-wealth
                 were
                 charged
                 with
                 contribution-money
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 war
                 ;
                 so
                 were
                 they
                 grieved
                 with
                 other
                 Exactures
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 Cariages
                 ,
                 or
                 Victualls
                 ,
                 or
                 personall
                 attendance
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 16.
                 yeare
                 the
                 inhabitants
                 of
                 Winchelsey
                 were
                 enjoyned
                 l
                 
                   ut
                   providerent
                   decem
                   bonus
                   naves
                   &
                   magnas
                   ad
                   transfertandum
                   in
                   Pictaviam
                   in
                   servitium
                   Regis
                   ,
                
                 to
                 provide
                 ten
                 good
                 and
                 stout
                 ships
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 service
                 in
                 Poictou
                 .
                 m
                 And
                 at
                 another
                 time
                 20.
                 
                 Dunwich
                 and
                 Ipswich
                 5.
                 a
                 piece
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ports
                 proportionable
                 ,
                 all
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charge
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 n
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 service
                 there
                 was
                 transported
                 10000
                 quart
                 .
                 of
                 wheat
                 ,
                 5000
                 of
                 oates
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Bacons
                 .
                 The
                 Church
                 not
                 forborn
                 
                 in
                 those
                 charges
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 Winchester
                 a
                 2000
                 quarters
                 of
                 Wheat
                 and
                 Oates
                 ,
                 and
                 1000
                 of
                 Bacons
                 was
                 taken
                 .
                 b
                 The
                 other
                 Bishops
                 and
                 Clergie
                 bearing
                 their
                 parts
                 of
                 victualls
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 Exactions
                 ,
                 coming
                 —
                 
                   ut
                   unda
                   supervenit
                   undae
                   :
                   ac
                   si
                   esset
                   Anglia
                   puteus
                   inexhaustus
                   ,
                
                 as
                 wave
                 follows
                 wave
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 England
                 were
                 a
                 pit
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 dry
                 .
                 c
                 In
                 the
                 12.
                 and
                 14.
                 the
                 King
                 levieth
                 Souldiers
                 for
                 his
                 wars
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 ,
                 collecting
                 
                   pro
                   Exercitu
                   suo
                   de
                   singulis
                   duabus
                   Hidis
                   cur
                   .
                
                 upon
                 every
                 two
                 Hides
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 
                   secum
                   victualia
                
                 victualls
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 those
                 for
                 whose
                 service
                 the
                 King
                 dispenced
                 ,
                 
                   et
                   quos
                   Rex
                   vult
                   remanere
                   in
                   partibus
                   suis
                   ,
                
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 pleased
                 should
                 continue
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 to
                 contribute
                 victuals
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 for
                 40.
                 dayes
                 :
                 commanding
                 the
                 Sheriffs
                 d
                 to
                 sweare
                 all
                 
                   ad
                   Arma
                   qui
                   post
                   eum
                   remanebant
                   in
                   Anglia
                   ,
                   in
                   forma
                   qua
                   jurati
                   fuerant
                   tempore
                   Ioannis
                   Patris
                   sui
                   ,
                
                 to
                 Armes
                 ,
                 who
                 stayed
                 behind
                 him
                 in
                 England
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 they
                 were
                 sworn
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 King
                 Iohn
                 his
                 father
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 Ordinance
                 of
                 King
                 Iohn
                 all
                 able
                 Subjects
                 from
                 Youth
                 to
                 decrepite
                 Age
                 were
                 bound
                 to
                 arme
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 in
                 continuall
                 readiness
                 e
                 
                   à
                   sero
                   usque
                   ad
                   mane
                
                 from
                 night
                 to
                 morning
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 the
                 Record
                 is
                 )
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 Kings
                 pleasure
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 Henry
                 the
                 third
                 in
                 anno
                 14.
                 f
                 
                   mandavit
                   Vicecomitibus
                   quod
                   venire
                   faciant
                   ad
                   excercitum
                   Regis
                   homines
                   juratos
                   ad
                   ferrum
                   ,
                
                 commanded
                 the
                 Sheriffs
                 to
                 send
                 all
                 those
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 sworn
                 ,
                 bringing
                 with
                 them
                 
                   Loricas
                   ,
                   Habergiones
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 Coats
                 of
                 Maile
                 ,
                 Habergeons
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 And
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 neglected
                 this
                 service
                 he
                 sent
                 his
                 Writs
                 ,
                 reprehending
                 
                 them
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Jurgatorie
                   e
                   quòd
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 tartly
                 for
                 that
                 ,
                 &c.
                 and
                 after
                 fining
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 abilities
                 and
                 Tenures
                 .
                 Taking
                 b
                 an
                 .
                 26.
                 of
                 
                   Willihelm
                   .
                   de
                   Umfrevile
                   pro
                   quietatione
                   passagii
                   ,
                
                 for
                 the
                 securing
                 of
                 his
                 passage
                 into
                 Gascoign
                 100
                 Marks
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 proportion
                 of
                 many
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 the
                 first
                 exacted
                 from
                 the
                 land
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 4.
                 
                 times
                 Scutage
                 ,
                 assessed
                 every
                 time
                 at
                 40.
                 shillings
                 the
                 Knights
                 Fee.
                 And
                 once
                 an
                 Aide
                 called
                 
                   Auxilium
                   novum
                
                 ,
                 a
                 new
                 Aide
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 farmed
                 out
                 for
                 ready
                 money
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Rents
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Tenth
                 part
                 twice
                 for
                 one
                 yeare
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 for
                 six
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 20.
                 part
                 twice
                 from
                 both
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 for
                 two
                 yeares
                 from
                 Canterbury
                 only
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 possessions
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Priors
                   Aliens
                
                 he
                 seized
                 once
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 putting
                 the
                 Monks
                 to
                 a
                 bare
                 Pension
                 of
                 18.
                 pence
                 a
                 week
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 30.
                 the
                 15.
                 and
                 the
                 5.
                 part
                 once
                 ,
                 the
                 Moietie
                 three
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tenth
                 seven
                 times
                 ;
                 whereof
                 the
                 Grant
                 was
                 first
                 for
                 two
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 for
                 six
                 yeares
                 .
                 c
                 Of
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 the
                 8.
                 the
                 9.
                 and
                 the
                 12.
                 part
                 he
                 took
                 once
                 ,
                 twice
                 severally
                 the
                 10.
                 and
                 11.
                 the
                 Sessors
                 being
                 sworn
                 to
                 levy
                 and
                 rate
                 truly
                 .
                 Three
                 times
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 15.
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 the
                 moiety
                 of
                 a
                 15.
                 
                 From
                 the
                 Clergie
                 and
                 Laietie
                 together
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 granted
                 of
                 their
                 Moveables
                 a
                 10.
                 a
                 15.
                 and
                 a
                 30
                 ,
                 part
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Boroughs
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 great
                 Loan
                 ,
                 once
                 the
                 7.
                 and
                 8.
                 and
                 twice
                 the
                 6.
                 part
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Merchants
                 a
                 20.
                 and
                 a
                 7.
                 portion
                 once
                 of
                 their
                 Commodities
                 ;
                 imposing
                 a
                 new
                 Custome
                 of
                 a
                 Noble
                 upon
                 every
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wooll
                 which
                 he
                 let
                 out
                 to
                 Farm.
                 And
                 
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 some
                 breach
                 of
                 Amity
                 with
                 those
                 parts
                 whether
                 his
                 Merchants
                 traded
                 ,
                 he
                 seized
                 anno
                 22.
                 a
                 all
                 the
                 Woolls
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 of
                 them
                 instant
                 Sale
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 value
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 upon
                 security
                 to
                 a
                 short
                 price
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 day
                 of
                 payment
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 b
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 distaste
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 and
                 murmure
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 money
                 gathered
                 in
                 
                   sub
                   sidium
                   Terrae
                   Sanctae
                
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 succour
                 of
                 the
                 Holy
                 Land
                 ,
                 to
                 furnish
                 his
                 Journeyes
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 persons
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 he
                 imposed
                 one
                 Tallage
                 ,
                 c
                 sessed
                 either
                 in
                 communi
                 in
                 generall
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   per
                   capita
                
                 by
                 the
                 Poll.
                 And
                 twice
                 the
                 like
                 upon
                 the
                 Iews
                 :
                 whereof
                 the
                 one
                 amounted
                 to
                 50000
                 Marks
                 .
                 Neither
                 were
                 his
                 people
                 by
                 continuall
                 payment
                 (
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 yeare
                 of
                 intermission
                 all
                 his
                 Reign
                 )
                 freed
                 from
                 attendance
                 in
                 their
                 Persons
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 record
                 there
                 appeareth
                 plentifully
                 his
                 writs
                 to
                 the
                 Sheriffes
                 :
                 as
                 d
                 an
                 .
                 31.
                 
                   de
                   poditibus
                   eligendis
                   de
                   tota
                   Anglia
                   ,
                
                 for
                 the
                 chusing
                 of
                 foot-Souldiers
                 throughout
                 all
                 England
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 and
                 furnished
                 by
                 their
                 severall
                 Countryes
                 :
                 calling
                 e
                 his
                 
                   Earls
                   ,
                   Barons
                
                 and
                 Knights
                 to
                 personall
                 service
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Tenures
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Son
                 the
                 second
                 Edward
                 assessed
                 upon
                 the
                 lands
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 twice
                 Scutage
                 ;
                 
                 once
                 at
                 two
                 Marks
                 ,
                 &
                 once
                 at
                 40.
                 sh
                 .
                 the
                 Knights
                 Fee.
                 From
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 rated
                 by
                 the
                 book
                 of
                 Tenths
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 distinct
                 times
                 took
                 4d.
                 5d.
                 and
                 12d.
                 in
                 the
                 Mark
                 ;
                 and
                 once
                 the
                 15.
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 a
                 Tenth
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 .
                 And
                 twice
                 f
                 a
                 Loan
                 from
                 the
                 Abbots
                 and
                 Bishops
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Layetie
                 (
                 besides
                 a
                 Tallage
                 of
                 their
                 Moveables
                 )
                 in
                 Cities
                 and
                 Boroughs
                 once
                 a
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 twice
                 a
                 15.
                 and
                 twice
                 a
                 
                 20.
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 goods
                 .
                 Besides
                 a
                 Loan
                 from
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 and
                 10.
                 shillings
                 borrowed
                 upon
                 every
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wooll
                 from
                 Merchant
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Noble
                 from
                 others
                 .
                 a
                 From
                 the
                 Clergy
                 and
                 Layetie
                 together
                 of
                 their
                 goods
                 a
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 a
                 15.
                 and
                 twice
                 an
                 18.
                 part
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 Loane
                 .
                 He
                 augmented
                 his
                 fathers
                 new
                 Custome
                 with
                 an
                 Imposition
                 of
                 a
                 Noble
                 more
                 upon
                 every
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wool.
                 And
                 anno
                 10.
                 b
                 
                   quia
                   exitus
                   Regni
                   sui
                   &
                   terrarum
                   ,
                
                 because
                 the
                 profits
                 of
                 his
                 Realm
                 and
                 dominions
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 money
                 granted
                 by
                 the
                 Church
                 and
                 Layetie
                 ,
                 
                   ad
                   sumptus
                   Belli
                   sufficere
                   noluit
                
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 enough
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 charges
                 of
                 his
                 wars
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 
                   infinitam
                   pecuniam
                   effundere
                
                 ,
                 spend
                 a
                 vast
                 deal
                 of
                 mony
                 ;
                 he
                 sesseth
                 and
                 increaseth
                 an
                 Imposition
                 upon
                 all
                 Commodities
                 inward
                 and
                 outward
                 to
                 an
                 extreme
                 Rate
                 ;
                 and
                 caused
                 the
                 Commons
                 in
                 every
                 Shire
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 money
                 
                   in
                   deposito
                
                 to
                 pay
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 from
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 a
                 large
                 contribution
                 towards
                 his
                 wars
                 ;
                 and
                 seized
                 c
                 
                   omnes
                   Lanas
                   &
                   Coria
                   Mercatorum
                   ,
                   data
                   securitate
                   Possessoribus
                   derationabili
                   pretio
                   postea
                   solvendo
                   ,
                
                 All
                 the
                 Woolls
                 and
                 Hides
                 of
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 giving
                 security
                 to
                 the
                 Owners
                 that
                 a
                 reasonable
                 price
                 should
                 be
                 paid
                 for
                 them
                 afterwards
                 .
                 He
                 charged
                 the
                 Ports
                 and
                 Sea-Townes
                 12.
                 severall
                 yeares
                 
                   ad
                   costos
                   suos
                   &
                   sumptibus
                   villarum
                   ,
                
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 costs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Villages
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Record
                 saith
                 )
                 to
                 set
                 to
                 Sea
                 in
                 his
                 service
                 Ships
                 furnished
                 
                   Armis
                   &
                   victualibus
                
                 ,
                 with
                 Armes
                 and
                 Victualls
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 for
                 one
                 month
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 11.
                 d
                 sometimes
                 for
                 4.
                 as
                 e
                 12.
                 and
                 sometimes
                 for
                 7.
                 as
                 anno
                 f
                 4.
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 more
                 or
                 lesse
                 as
                 occasion
                 
                 required
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 17.
                 
                 a
                 Southampton
                 was
                 charged
                 with
                 six
                 ,
                 and
                 118.
                 
                 Sea-Towns
                 more
                 with
                 rateable
                 proportions
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 service
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 18.
                 b
                 embarguing
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 in
                 any
                 Port
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 forty
                 Tunnes
                 or
                 upwards
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 50.
                 
                 Tunnes
                 and
                 upward
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 .
                 20.
                 c
                 
                   contra
                   hostiles
                   aggressus
                   Gallorum
                
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 hostile
                 attempts
                 of
                 the
                 French.
                 Causing
                 the
                 town
                 of
                 
                   Southampton
                   anno
                
                 6.
                 d
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 Galley
                 for
                 himself
                 of
                 120.
                 
                 Oares
                 .
                 Commanding
                 all
                 the
                 Sheriffes
                 for
                 provision
                 of
                 Victuall
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 e
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 9.
                 to
                 provide
                 
                   de
                   Exitibus
                   Comitatuum
                   certum
                   pretium
                
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 County
                 a
                 certain
                 Rate
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 proportion
                 sometimes
                 of
                 30500
                 Quarters
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 many
                 Bacons
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 16.
                 f
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 Army
                 .
                 As
                 also
                 g
                 
                   Carrecta
                   &
                   Carra
                   cum
                   Equis
                   &
                   Bobus
                   ,
                
                 Carts
                 and
                 Waggons
                 with
                 Oxen
                 and
                 Horses
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Countyes
                 severally
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 war.
                 Sometimes
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 Ports
                 to
                 send
                 provision
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 7.
                 h
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 any
                 Ships
                 with
                 victualls
                 i
                 
                   ibidem
                   discariari
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 there
                 unladed
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 order
                 them
                 by
                 security
                 for
                 those
                 parts
                 where
                 the
                 Kings
                 Army
                 was
                 lodged
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 not
                 sparing
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 exacted
                 k
                 his
                 three
                 first
                 yeares
                 
                   Frumenta
                   &
                   alia
                   victualia
                   pro
                   exercitu
                   suo
                   ,
                
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Victualls
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 the
                 former
                 Charges
                 ,
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 aswell
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 as
                 meaner
                 rank
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Charge
                 often
                 enjoyned
                 to
                 serve
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 wars
                 .
                 l
                 As
                 in
                 6
                 ,
                 7
                 ,
                 8
                 ,
                 9
                 ,
                 10.
                 and
                 16.
                 m
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 called
                 singulatim
                 man
                 by
                 man
                 ,
                 aswell
                 Widowes
                 as
                 Knights
                 n
                 and
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 
                 held
                 40.
                 l.
                 land
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Tenures
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   sub
                   forisfactura
                   terrarum
                   &
                   Catallorum
                   Equis
                   &
                   Armis
                   ,
                   sumptibus
                   propriis
                   ,
                
                 to
                 appear
                 with
                 Horse
                 and
                 Armes
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charge
                 ,
                 under
                 penalty
                 of
                 forfeiting
                 their
                 Lands
                 and
                 Chattels
                 ;
                 &
                 to
                 provide
                 
                   de
                   hominibus
                   ad
                   Arma
                   ultra
                   famulos
                   suos
                   consuetos
                   ,
                
                 men
                 for
                 the
                 service
                 besides
                 their
                 ordinary
                 Servants
                 :
                 according
                 to
                 Augustus
                 b
                 rule
                 ,
                 
                   Viri
                   Foeminaeque
                   ex
                   Censu
                   coactae
                   dare
                   Militem
                   ,
                
                 both
                 men
                 and
                 women
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 find
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 And
                 of
                 this
                 the
                 Clergie
                 was
                 not
                 exempted
                 c
                 anno
                 16.
                 of
                 this
                 King.
                 And
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 town
                 one
                 
                   sumptibus
                   propriis
                
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charges
                 ,
                 for
                 40.
                 dayes
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 15.
                 1.
                 or
                 for
                 60.
                 as
                 anno
                 9.
                 1.
                 or
                 
                   pro
                   7.
                   
                   Septimanis
                
                 for
                 7.
                 weeks
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 4.
                 
                 d
                 Sometimes
                 1000.
                 in
                 one
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 3.
                 
                 e
                 Sometimes
                 an
                 entire
                 Army
                 of
                 18300.
                 an
                 .
                 11.
                 and
                 f
                 48800.
                 at
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Countyes
                 anno
                 15.
                 
                 g
                 
                   London
                   sumptibus
                   Civitatis
                
                 at
                 the
                 Cities
                 charge
                 ,
                 found
                 500.
                 men
                 for
                 40.
                 dayes
                 anno
                 12.
                 h
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 
                   anno
                   18.
                   contra
                   insultus
                   Regis
                   Franciae
                   ,
                
                 against
                 the
                 invasions
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 i
                 The
                 King
                 commanded
                 anno
                 the
                 16.
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 40.
                 shil
                 .
                 land
                 &
                 upwards
                 should
                 rateably
                 send
                 to
                 his
                 service
                 men
                 ;
                 k
                 And
                 annis
                 9.
                 10
                 ,
                 15
                 ,
                 and
                 16.
                 that
                 all
                 
                   jurati
                   adarma
                
                 ,
                 sworn
                 to
                 Armes
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 16.
                 to
                 60.
                 
                   secundum
                   Statutum
                   Wincestriae
                
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Statute
                 of
                 Winchester
                 ,
                 should
                 attend
                 their
                 Services
                 .
                 l
                 And
                 anno
                 13.
                 injoined
                 all
                 from
                 20.
                 to
                 60.
                 to
                 be
                 armed
                 and
                 victualled
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charge
                 .
                 m
                 And
                 commanded
                 the
                 Sheriffs
                 annis
                 6.
                 7.
                 8.
                 12.
                 16.
                 and
                 18.
                 to
                 see
                 all
                 the
                 able
                 men
                 of
                 England
                 so
                 furnished
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Parati
                   sint
                   &
                   muniti
                   
                   ad
                   veniendum
                   ad
                   Regem
                   quando
                   vocati
                   fuerint
                   ,
                
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 provided
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 readiness
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 when
                 he
                 should
                 call
                 them
                 ,
                 their
                 weapons
                 to
                 be
                 provided
                 
                   ad
                   sumptus
                   Incolarum
                
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 their
                 neighbour
                 dwellers
                 ;
                 and
                 themselves
                 enjoyned
                 to
                 muster
                 and
                 train
                 every
                 six
                 weeks
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 neglected
                 his
                 appointed
                 service
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 sent
                 ot
                 the
                 Sheriff
                 a
                 a
                 writ
                 
                   de
                   habendo
                   illos
                   coram
                   concilio
                   ,
                   qui
                   praemoniti
                   non
                   venerunt
                   in
                   expeditione
                   Regis
                   ,
                
                 to
                 bring
                 them
                 before
                 the
                 Councel
                 ,
                 who
                 knowing
                 of
                 it
                 before
                 ,
                 refused
                 the
                 expedition
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 15.
                 1.
                 the
                 parties
                 imprisoned
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 goods
                 seized
                 into
                 the
                 Kings
                 hands
                 ,
                 as
                 b
                 
                   anno
                   9.
                   et
                
                 16.
                 or
                 else
                 redemption
                 by
                 fine
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 c
                 Sheriffes
                 of
                 Buckingham
                 and
                 Bedford
                 did
                 their
                 men
                 for
                 600.
                 
                 Marks
                 anno
                 15.
                 
                 The
                 owner
                 of
                 40.
                 shillings
                 land
                 to
                 redeem
                 his
                 first
                 default
                 d
                 
                   cum
                   tertia
                   parte
                   Bonorum
                
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 3.
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Goods
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 
                   cum
                   tota
                   residua
                
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 remaining
                 parts
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 
                   sint
                   Corpora
                   eorum
                   ad
                   voluntatem
                   Regis
                   ,
                
                 their
                 Bodies
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Kings
                 disposall
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 Knights
                 ,
                 
                   qui
                   non
                   fuerunt
                   in
                   exercitu
                   Regis
                   ,
                   20.
                   l.
                   de
                   qualibet
                   Hida
                   ,
                
                 which
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 Army
                 ,
                 20.
                 l.
                 for
                 every
                 Hide
                 ,
                 as
                 c
                 anno
                 13.
                 
              
               
                 I
                 have
                 the
                 longer
                 insisted
                 upon
                 this
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   tanquam
                   in
                   speculo
                
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 glass
                 we
                 may
                 behold
                 the
                 intolerable
                 miseries
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Commons
                 inseparably
                 accompanying
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 war.
                 
              
               
                 Edward
                 the
                 third
                 charged
                 f
                 the
                 lands
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 twice
                 40.
                 
                 shillings
                 of
                 every
                 Knights
                 Fee
                 ;
                 and
                 5.
                 l.
                 16.
                 shillings
                 of
                 every
                 Parish
                 in
                 the
                 48.
                 yeare
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 he
                 took
                 once
                 the
                 9.
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 15
                 th
                 .
                 
                 of
                 Forest
                 and
                 Wast
                 ;
                 twice
                 the
                 tenth
                 ,
                 thirteen
                 times
                 a
                 fifteenth
                 for
                 one
                 yeare
                 ,
                 and
                 twice
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 :
                 and
                 once
                 the
                 20.
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 moveables
                 ,
                 and
                 30000.
                 
                 Sacks
                 of
                 Wooll
                 upon
                 conditions
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Boroughs
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 4.
                 
                 Tenths
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Lords
                 the
                 tenth
                 Sheaf
                 ,
                 Lambe
                 ,
                 and
                 Fliece
                 :
                 who
                 with
                 the
                 Bishops
                 and
                 Knights
                 grant
                 20000.
                 
                 Sacks
                 of
                 Wooll
                 for
                 payment
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 debts
                 ,
                 giving
                 in
                 the
                 interim
                 security
                 themselves
                 by
                 Bond
                 to
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Brittain
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 their
                 Soveraign
                 stood
                 ingaged
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 alone
                 one
                 Tenth
                 for
                 4.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 three
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 for
                 one
                 yeare
                 .
                 Besides
                 a
                 Contribution
                 in
                 the
                 12.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 seizing
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 all
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Cluny
                 and
                 
                   Cistertian
                   Monks
                
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Church
                 and
                 Laiety
                 together
                 he
                 received
                 6.
                 times
                 the
                 10.
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Moveables
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 Merchants
                 and
                 State
                 a
                 Subsidy
                 of
                 Wool
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 .
                 Imposing
                 anno
                 33.
                 26.
                 shil
                 .
                 8d.
                 upon
                 every
                 Sack
                 transported
                 :
                 which
                 doubled
                 the
                 Impositions
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 Grandfather
                 .
                 Advancing
                 it
                 after
                 for
                 6.
                 yeares
                 to
                 40.
                 shillings
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 38.
                 (
                 being
                 the
                 yeare
                 he
                 resumed
                 his
                 Stile
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 46.
                 shillings
                 4d.
                 the
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wooll
                 .
                 Taking
                 Poundage
                 6d.
                 of
                 all
                 Commodities
                 inward
                 and
                 outward
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoyning
                 the
                 Marchants
                 for
                 every
                 Sampler
                 of
                 Wooll
                 transported
                 to
                 return
                 in
                 40.
                 shillings
                 Bullion
                 to
                 his
                 Minte
                 .
                 a
                 Himself
                 becoming
                 Merchant
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Tinne
                 in
                 Devonshire
                 and
                 
                   Cornwall
                   anno
                   12.
                   in
                   auxilium
                   supportationis
                   onerum
                   Belli
                   ,
                
                 to
                 help
                 him
                 bear
                 the
                 burthen
                 of
                 his
                 wars
                 :
                 assessing
                 upon
                 the
                 heads
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 a
                 fine
                 of
                 4d.
                 severally
                 anno
                 51.
                 
                 Besides
                 in
                 b
                 anno
                 20.
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Loane
                 of
                 the
                 Bishops
                 ,
                 Abbots
                 ,
                 Justices
                 ,
                 
                 
                   et
                   aliis
                   potentioribus
                   Regni
                   ,
                   de
                   diversis
                   pecuniarum
                   Summis
                   inter
                   Summas
                   de
                   1000.
                   l.
                   &
                   40.
                   l.
                
                 and
                 other
                 wealthy
                 men
                 of
                 his
                 Realm
                 ,
                 in
                 several
                 summes
                 of
                 mony
                 ,
                 betwixt
                 the
                 summes
                 of
                 1000.
                 l.
                 and
                 40.
                 l.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 a
                 he
                 commandeth
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-towns
                 to
                 attend
                 with
                 Ships
                 his
                 service
                 ,
                 
                   sumptibus
                   propriis
                   &
                   duplici
                   Esk●ppamento
                
                 ,
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 proper
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 double
                 Skippage
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 provide
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 of
                 60.
                 
                 Tun
                 and
                 upwards
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 yeare
                 following
                 b
                 layeth
                 the
                 like
                 charge
                 upon
                 76.
                 
                 Port-Townes
                 for
                 all
                 Ships
                 of
                 40.
                 
                 Tunne
                 and
                 more
                 .
                 And
                 anno
                 10.
                 c
                 the
                 like
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 charge
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 contribution
                 of
                 mony
                 ,
                 d
                 for
                 payment
                 whereof
                 the
                 Officers
                 are
                 commanded
                 ,
                 
                   ut
                   eas
                   per
                   districtiones
                   &
                   alias
                   punitiones
                   prout
                   expedire
                   viderint
                   compellent
                   ,
                
                 to
                 force
                 it
                 by
                 distraining
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 other
                 punishments
                 they
                 shall
                 find
                 expedient
                 .
                 Injoyning
                 such
                 Merchants
                 of
                 
                   London
                   ,
                   qui
                   ex
                   transmarinis
                   passagiis
                   lucra
                   adquirunt
                   ,
                
                 who
                 had
                 traffick
                 in
                 forreign
                 parts
                 ,
                 to
                 furnish
                 Ships
                 for
                 war
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Charge
                 .
                 e
                 And
                 anno
                 the
                 thirteenth
                 the
                 Cinque-Ports
                 set
                 out
                 to
                 sea
                 30.
                 
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 them
                 during
                 the
                 service
                 ,
                 half
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 half
                 at
                 the
                 Councells
                 charge
                 .
                 Fourscore
                 Ships
                 being
                 furnished
                 &
                 defrayed
                 by
                 the
                 Out-Ports
                 ,
                 the
                 Admirall
                 directed
                 to
                 embargue
                 all
                 other
                 Ships
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 service
                 .
                 f
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Subject
                 found
                 this
                 an
                 infinite
                 grievance
                 ,
                 yet
                 could
                 he
                 (
                 upon
                 humble
                 complaint
                 in
                 Parliament
                 )
                 receive
                 no
                 further
                 relief
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 not
                 have
                 it
                 otherwise
                 then
                 before
                 .
                 g
              
               
                 For
                 Provision
                 of
                 his
                 Armes
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 a
                 rate
                 of
                 losse
                 to
                 the
                 Subject
                 ,
                 
                 19000.
                 quarters
                 of
                 Grain
                 ,
                 2200.
                 
                 Oxen
                 salted
                 ,
                 &
                 3000.
                 
                 Bacons
                 ;
                 besides
                 of
                 other
                 Provisions
                 an
                 infinite
                 quantity
                 .
                 a
                 The
                 like
                 very
                 frequent
                 all
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 
                   pro
                   guerris
                   necessariis
                   ,
                   ubi
                   id
                   magis
                   commode
                   fieri
                   poterat
                   ,
                
                 for
                 the
                 necessities
                 of
                 his
                 wars
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 could
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 more
                 conveniency
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Persons
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 meaner
                 Subjects
                 from
                 16.
                 to
                 60.
                 he
                 causeth
                 b
                 to
                 be
                 armed
                 in
                 readiness
                 
                   ad
                   praemonitionem
                   5.
                   dierum
                
                 ,
                 at
                 5.
                 dayes
                 warning
                 ;
                 the
                 Decrepite
                 to
                 contribute
                 
                   ad
                   expensa
                   praemissorum
                
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 expenses
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 and
                 to
                 arrest
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 disobedient
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   de
                   ipsis
                   tanquam
                   de
                   inimicis
                   sumat
                   vindictam
                   ,
                
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 dealt
                 withall
                 as
                 enemies
                 .
                 c
                 The
                 Gentry
                 and
                 Nobility
                 supplying
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 his
                 wars
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Charge
                 ,
                 d
                 sometimes
                 with
                 7.
                 or
                 800.
                 men
                 at
                 Armes
                 ,
                 and
                 2.
                 or
                 3000
                 Archers
                 ,
                 as
                 anno
                 13.
                 with
                 other
                 proportions
                 at
                 divers
                 yeares
                 following
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Bishops
                 ordered
                 e
                 to
                 furnish
                 
                   Armis
                   &
                   Equis
                   competentibus
                
                 ,
                 serviceable
                 Armes
                 and
                 Horses
                 ,
                 so
                 many
                 as
                 occasion
                 required
                 :
                 and
                 their
                 Persons
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Laye
                 Nobility
                 )
                 commanded
                 f
                 
                   quod
                   sint
                   parati
                   Equis
                   &
                   Armis
                   &
                   toto
                   servitio
                   debito
                   ,
                
                 with
                 Horse
                 and
                 Armes
                 and
                 all
                 necessary
                 accoutrements
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 his
                 wars
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 wars
                 (
                 which
                 as
                 Edward
                 the
                 third
                 professeth
                 himself
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 g
                 could
                 not
                 without
                 his
                 great
                 danger
                 and
                 losse
                 of
                 Honour
                 be
                 maintained
                 ,
                 unlesse
                 by
                 perpetuall
                 Aide
                 from
                 the
                 Subjects
                 )
                 were
                 so
                 grievous
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 anno
                 22.
                 they
                 complain
                 in
                 Parliament
                 of
                 the
                 miseries
                 they
                 underwent
                 thereby
                 :
                 As
                 of
                 their
                 Aides
                 advanced
                 to
                 40.
                 shillings
                 Fine
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 law
                 should
                 be
                 but
                 20.
                 shil
                 .
                 Their
                 setting
                 forth
                 of
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 taking
                 of
                 their
                 Victualls
                 
                 without
                 payment
                 ;
                 The
                 Sea
                 left
                 to
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 their
                 keeping
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 their
                 woolls
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Subsidy
                 60000.
                 l.
                 yearly
                 exacted
                 without
                 Law
                 ;
                 besides
                 the
                 lending
                 of
                 2000.
                 
                 Sacks
                 ,
                 and
                 themselves
                 restrained
                 from
                 transporting
                 any
                 .
                 But
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Necessity
                 of
                 these
                 times
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 they
                 had
                 redresse
                 of
                 their
                 Complaint
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 State
                 one
                 yeare
                 discharged
                 of
                 Contribution
                 all
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
              
               
                 Richard
                 succeeding
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 declareth
                 both
                 a
                 anno
                 2.
                 
                 and
                 14.
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 Wars
                 he
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Territories
                 he
                 inherited
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 maintained
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 this
                 Realm
                 gave
                 supply
                 of
                 means
                 thereto
                 .
                 He
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 and
                 Laiety
                 took
                 once
                 the
                 tenth
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 lands
                 ,
                 and
                 thrice
                 of
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 the
                 like
                 entirely
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 times
                 the
                 half
                 ,
                 twelve
                 times
                 a
                 fifteenth
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 times
                 the
                 Moiety
                 :
                 And
                 had
                 anno
                 21.
                 granted
                 one
                 Tenth
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 15.
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 of
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 yearly
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 life
                 .
                 From
                 out
                 the
                 Boroughs
                 and
                 Cities
                 thrice
                 a
                 full
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 a
                 Moiety
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Merchandises
                 he
                 received
                 three
                 years
                 6d.
                 In
                 the
                 pound
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 twelve
                 pence
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 every
                 Tunne
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 for
                 2.
                 yeares
                 6d.
                 doubling
                 it
                 for
                 as
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 trebling
                 it
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 after
                 .
                 The
                 Custome
                 of
                 Woolls
                 ,
                 &c.
                 by
                 Edward
                 the
                 first
                 rated
                 at
                 a
                 Noble
                 the
                 Sack
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 his
                 son
                 increased
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 this
                 King
                 advanced
                 to
                 22.
                 shil
                 .
                 8d.
                 which
                 singly
                 for
                 8
                 yeares
                 he
                 had
                 granted
                 unto
                 him
                 ,
                 besides
                 once
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 for
                 4.
                 having
                 it
                 after
                 improved
                 to
                 34.
                 shil
                 .
                 4d.
                 and
                 again
                 to
                 43.
                 shil
                 .
                 4d.
                 the
                 Sack.
                 The
                 summe
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Subsidies
                 in
                 anno
                 14.
                 amounted
                 to
                 160000.
                 l.
                 From
                 out
                 
                 of
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 he
                 had
                 8.
                 
                 Tenths
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ;
                 and
                 one
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 and
                 the
                 Laiety
                 together
                 ;
                 besides
                 a
                 Loan
                 anno
                 5.
                 of
                 60000.
                 l.
                 By
                 the
                 poll
                 or
                 heads
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 people
                 from
                 above
                 15.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 he
                 collected
                 twice
                 a
                 Contribution
                 ,
                 assessed
                 proportionall
                 from
                 the
                 Begger
                 to
                 the
                 Duke
                 :
                 Besides
                 in
                 strength
                 of
                 Praerogative
                 only
                 ,
                 of
                 every
                 Ship
                 and
                 Fisherman
                 6d.
                 the
                 Tun
                 :
                 the
                 like
                 of
                 Newcastle
                 Coals
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 every
                 Last
                 of
                 Corn
                 inwards
                 or
                 outwards
                 the
                 like
                 Summe
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 furnish
                 his
                 journey
                 for
                 Ireland
                 he
                 took
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 Armour
                 ,
                 Cattell
                 .
                 a
                 
                   Hinc
                   factus
                   est
                   suis
                   Subditis
                   invisus
                   ,
                
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 hated
                 by
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 saith
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 London
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 it
                 seemed
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 his
                 deposing
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 objected
                 Articles
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 the
                 first
                 yeare
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 imposed
                 upon
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 as
                 formerly
                 his
                 Ancestours
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 a
                 personall
                 service
                 
                   ab
                   anno
                   primo
                
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Clergy
                 should
                 array
                 
                   Armis
                   &
                   Equis
                   competentibus
                
                 ,
                 with
                 serviceable
                 Horses
                 and
                 Armes
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 age
                 of
                 16.
                 to
                 60.
                 
                   et
                   eos
                   in
                   Millenis
                   &
                   Centenis
                   poni
                   faciant
                   ,
                
                 and
                 cause
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 entred
                 into
                 Regiments
                 and
                 Companyes
                 .
                 And
                 two
                 yeares
                 after
                 commanded
                 all
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Tenures
                 by
                 service
                 to
                 fit
                 themselves
                 
                   Equis
                   &
                   Armis
                
                 ,
                 with
                 Horse
                 and
                 Armes
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 wars
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 the
                 courses
                 of
                 elder
                 times
                 were
                 about
                 this
                 time
                 much
                 altered
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 ever
                 supplied
                 in
                 his
                 wars
                 by
                 contract
                 with
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Gentry
                 ,
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 rate
                 as
                 he
                 and
                 they
                 by
                 Indenture
                 accorded
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 the
                 Pell
                 plenty
                 yet
                 remaining
                 .
                 Thus
                 under
                 grievous
                 burdens
                 
                 did
                 the
                 State
                 labour
                 continually
                 all
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 his
                 Treasury
                 being
                 wastfully
                 emptied
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 as
                 Tacitus
                 saith
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Scelere
                   replendum
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 filled
                 some
                 ill
                 way
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 meant
                 intolerable
                 racking
                 of
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 Hence
                 was
                 it
                 that
                 often
                 in
                 this
                 Kings
                 time
                 b
                 the
                 Subjects
                 humbly
                 beg
                 some
                 ease
                 of
                 the
                 insupportable
                 Tallages
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 he
                 little
                 regarding
                 the
                 tears
                 or
                 groans
                 of
                 his
                 heartlesse
                 People
                 ,
                 answered
                 them
                 as
                 an
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 That
                 their
                 Petition
                 and
                 his
                 Honour
                 could
                 not
                 consist
                 together
                 .
                 c
                 They
                 again
                 plead
                 extreme
                 poverty
                 ,
                 in
                 barre
                 of
                 further
                 relief
                 ;
                 complaining
                 that
                 good
                 mony
                 was
                 transported
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 State
                 enforced
                 to
                 use
                 base
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 price
                 of
                 Wooll
                 by
                 warrs
                 (
                 to
                 their
                 utter
                 impoverishing
                 )
                 was
                 fallen
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Kings
                 want
                 was
                 onely
                 the
                 ill
                 government
                 of
                 his
                 Revenues
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 crave
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 present
                 Officers
                 removed
                 :
                 and
                 very
                 hardly
                 would
                 be
                 drawn
                 any
                 more
                 to
                 taxe
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 conditionally
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 this
                 Limitation
                 ,
                 That
                 their
                 mony
                 should
                 be
                 received
                 ,
                 expended
                 ,
                 and
                 accompted
                 for
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Treasurers
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 election
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 content
                 to
                 lend
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ;
                 loading
                 this
                 poor
                 Kings
                 dejected
                 Fortune
                 with
                 the
                 reproachfull
                 weight
                 of
                 these
                 their
                 many
                 Burthens
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 fourth
                 in
                 13.
                 
                 yeares
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 land
                 of
                 his
                 people
                 received
                 twice
                 relief
                 ;
                 once
                 
                   auxilia
                   de
                   medietate
                   Feodorum
                
                 ,
                 an
                 Aide
                 of
                 the
                 Moiety
                 of
                 the
                 Fees
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 a
                 Noble
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 20.
                 l.
                 throughout
                 all
                 the
                 Realm
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 4
                 times
                 a
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 besides
                 one
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 one
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 for
                 2.
                 
                 By
                 severall
                 grants
                 and
                 yeares
                 five
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 besides
                 one
                 for
                 2.
                 and
                 one
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 Staple
                 
                 Commodities
                 of
                 Wooll
                 ,
                 Fells
                 ,
                 &c.
                 one
                 Subsidy
                 for
                 one
                 yeare
                 ,
                 foure
                 for
                 two
                 apiece
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 .
                 A
                 Poundage
                 at
                 8d.
                 once
                 ,
                 four
                 times
                 12d.
                 whereof
                 the
                 last
                 was
                 for
                 2.
                 yeares
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 number
                 and
                 yeares
                 of
                 the
                 Tunnage
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 onely
                 rated
                 at
                 2.
                 shil
                 .
                 the
                 rest
                 at
                 3.
                 shil
                 .
                 the
                 Tun.
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Moveables
                 of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 thrice
                 a
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 and
                 twice
                 a
                 Moiety
                 ;
                 as
                 also
                 of
                 every
                 stipendary
                 Minister
                 ,
                 Frier
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 manner
                 persons
                 6.
                 shil
                 .
                 8d.
                 apiece
                 .
                 Besides
                 all
                 these
                 of
                 all
                 he
                 took
                 an
                 .
                 8.
                 a
                 a
                 Contribution
                 
                   ita
                   gravis
                
                 ,
                 so
                 heavy
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 granted
                 
                   ea
                   conditione
                   ,
                   ne
                   trahatur
                   in
                   Exemplum
                   ,
                   &
                   ut
                   Evidentiae
                   post
                   datum
                   Computum
                   cremarentur
                   ,
                
                 upon
                 this
                 condition
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 made
                 an
                 Example
                 to
                 following
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Account
                 the
                 Evidences
                 should
                 be
                 burnt
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 his
                 succeeded
                 his
                 Son
                 the
                 5.
                 
                 
                 Henry
                 ;
                 in
                 whose
                 9.
                 yeares
                 Reign
                 I
                 find
                 no
                 charge
                 imposed
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 he
                 received
                 6.
                 times
                 the
                 10.
                 and
                 the
                 15.
                 entirely
                 ,
                 and
                 once
                 two
                 thirds
                 onely
                 of
                 Staple
                 wares
                 ;
                 a
                 Subsidy
                 once
                 for
                 4.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 for
                 life
                 :
                 three
                 shillings
                 Tunnage
                 ,
                 and
                 12d.
                 Poundage
                 for
                 the
                 like
                 terms
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 Subsidies
                 .
                 Thrice
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Tenth
                 of
                 his
                 Clergie
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 eighth
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Chancellour
                 bewailed
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 Parliament
                 the
                 Feeblenesse
                 and
                 Poverty
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 wars
                 and
                 scarcity
                 of
                 mony
                 ,
                 he
                 (
                 who
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 attempts
                 as
                 he
                 undertook
                 ,
                 
                   totidem
                   fecit
                   Monumenta
                   victoriae
                
                 ,
                 raised
                 himself
                 so
                 many
                 Monuments
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 for
                 redresse
                 and
                 ease
                 of
                 those
                 miseries
                 (
                 as
                 Livy
                 saith
                 of
                 an
                 excellent
                 Souldier
                 )
                 
                   Pacem
                   voluit
                   etiam
                   quia
                   vincere
                   potuit
                   ,
                
                 he
                 preferred
                 Peace
                 
                 because
                 he
                 knew
                 he
                 could
                 overcome
                 .
                 And
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 9.
                 yeare
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 a
                 peaceable
                 succession
                 and
                 Heire
                 ,
                 
                 
                   nimium
                   felix
                   malo
                   suo
                
                 ,
                 too
                 happy
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 undoing
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 event
                 proved
                 .
                 For
                 retaining
                 nothing
                 
                   ex
                   paterna
                   Majestate
                   praeter
                   speciem
                   nominis
                   ,
                
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 Greatness
                 more
                 then
                 the
                 specious
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 Great
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 Fear
                 and
                 Facility
                 he
                 laid
                 the
                 way
                 open
                 to
                 his
                 Factious
                 Ambitious
                 kindred
                 ,
                 to
                 work
                 themselves
                 into
                 popular
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 into
                 Contempt
                 :
                 which
                 was
                 soon
                 done
                 by
                 leading
                 the
                 easy
                 King
                 by
                 Expence
                 into
                 Extremity
                 .
                 For
                 besides
                 the
                 Resumptions
                 he
                 took
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 Fathers
                 Grants
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 purpose
                 plotted
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 consumption
                 of
                 Duty
                 and
                 Affection
                 towards
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 inheritance
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 exacted
                 6d.
                 in
                 the
                 pound
                 anno
                 14.
                 and
                 doubled
                 twice
                 that
                 valuation
                 ,
                 not
                 onely
                 on
                 all
                 lands
                 purchased
                 from
                 the
                 entrance
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 all
                 Free-hold
                 and
                 Coppy-hold
                 under
                 200.
                 l.
                 and
                 two
                 in
                 twenty
                 of
                 all
                 above
                 .
                 He
                 further
                 imposed
                 first
                 6.
                 shil
                 .
                 8d.
                 and
                 then
                 20.
                 shil
                 .
                 upon
                 every
                 Knights
                 Fee.
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 he
                 had
                 6.
                 
                 Tenths
                 ,
                 whereof
                 one
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 besides
                 3.
                 
                 Moieties
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 third
                 ;
                 of
                 fifteens
                 3.
                 halfs
                 ,
                 one
                 third
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 entire
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 of
                 two
                 a
                 3
                 yeares
                 grant
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 former
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 woolls
                 he
                 had
                 37107
                 l.
                 raised
                 by
                 a
                 Moiety
                 of
                 a
                 10
                 th
                 .
                 and
                 15
                 th
                 .
                 and
                 again
                 of
                 all
                 goods
                 6.
                 shil
                 .
                 8d.
                 in
                 the
                 pound
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Merchant
                 of
                 Subsidies
                 rated
                 as
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 by
                 grant
                 once
                 but
                 for
                 a
                 yeare
                 ;
                 trebled
                 for
                 three
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 .
                 This
                 Subsidy
                 advanced
                 to
                 33.
                 shil
                 .
                 4d.
                 of
                 Denisons
                 ,
                 and
                 53.
                 shil
                 .
                 4d.
                 of
                 Aliens
                 .
                 The
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wooll
                 was
                 twice
                 granted
                 for
                 4.
                 years
                 
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 .
                 31.
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 life
                 .
                 Besides
                 a
                 Subsidy
                 alone
                 of
                 Aliens
                 goods
                 ,
                 Tonnage
                 and
                 Poundage
                 improved
                 to
                 six
                 shillings
                 8d.
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 his
                 18.
                 yeares
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 the
                 Rates
                 of
                 his
                 Fathers
                 time
                 he
                 had
                 it
                 first
                 thrice
                 by
                 his
                 severall
                 grants
                 and
                 yeares
                 ,
                 then
                 as
                 often
                 for
                 two
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 by
                 a
                 new
                 grant
                 for
                 5.
                 yeares
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 his
                 life
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 he
                 had
                 besides
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 Dismes
                 ,
                 4.
                 entire
                 Tenths
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 State
                 in
                 generall
                 anno
                 31.
                 2000.
                 
                 Archers
                 maintained
                 for
                 half
                 a
                 yeare
                 at
                 the
                 common
                 Charge
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Poll
                 he
                 exacted
                 anno
                 18.
                 of
                 every
                 Merchant
                 Stranger
                 if
                 a
                 householder
                 16.
                 shillings
                 a
                 piece
                 ,
                 if
                 none
                 6d.
                 And
                 anno
                 27.
                 6.
                 shillings
                 8d.
                 every
                 such
                 stranger
                 ,
                 and
                 20d.
                 of
                 their
                 Clerks
                 .
                 An.
                 13.
                 he
                 had
                 granted
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 life
                 ten
                 pounds
                 a
                 year
                 of
                 all
                 Inhabitants
                 mere
                 Aliens
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 third
                 lesse
                 of
                 Denizons
                 ,
                 and
                 20
                 shil
                 .
                 of
                 every
                 Stranger
                 Merchant
                 that
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 land
                 ▪
                 The
                 first
                 Monopolies
                 I
                 find
                 were
                 grounded
                 upon
                 the
                 extremities
                 of
                 these
                 times
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 in
                 anno
                 29.
                 the
                 Spinellos
                 ,
                 Merchants
                 of
                 Genua
                 ,
                 had
                 by
                 grant
                 for
                 8000.
                 l.
                 the
                 sole
                 Trade
                 of
                 many
                 Staple-Commodities
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 Southampton
                 had
                 all
                 Allome
                 for
                 the
                 like
                 summe
                 .
                 Yet
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Contributions
                 ,
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Shifts
                 ,
                 (
                 whereby
                 the
                 impoverished
                 People
                 were
                 enforced
                 to
                 petition
                 redresse
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 a
                 Parliament
                 was
                 anno
                 10.
                 summoned
                 onely
                 ,
                 )
                 the
                 Kings
                 Coffers
                 were
                 so
                 empty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 yearly
                 Revenues
                 so
                 short
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Lord
                 Treasurer
                 was
                 constrained
                 a
                 an
                 .
                 11.
                 to
                 complain
                 in
                 Parliament
                 of
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 declared
                 there
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 want
                 35000.
                 l.
                 of
                 the
                 needfull
                 expence
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 best
                 motive
                 to
                 work
                 a
                 Relief
                 from
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 :
                 which
                 was
                 
                 by
                 the
                 people
                 in
                 part
                 effected
                 .
                 a
                 But
                 by
                 an
                 .
                 18.
                 the
                 debts
                 were
                 swoln
                 again
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Parliament
                 was
                 reinforced
                 not
                 onely
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 support
                 and
                 victuall
                 his
                 houshold
                 .
                 Thus
                 was
                 this
                 unhappy
                 Princes
                 Reign
                 all
                 war
                 and
                 waste
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 saith
                 of
                 b
                 
                   Lepidus
                   ,
                   à
                   Militibus
                   &
                   à
                   fortuna
                   deserebatur
                   ,
                
                 being
                 forsaken
                 both
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 and
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 left
                 a
                 while
                 to
                 a
                 disgraced
                 life
                 ,
                 
                   spoliata
                   quam
                   tueri
                   non
                   poterat
                   dignitate
                   ,
                
                 and
                 despoiled
                 of
                 that
                 Dignity
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 the
                 fourth
                 ,
                 
                 c
                 besides
                 two
                 resumptions
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Grants
                 of
                 such
                 Kings
                 as
                 he
                 accounted
                 
                   de
                   facto
                
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 
                   de
                   jure
                
                 to
                 Reign
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 of
                 those
                 made
                 by
                 d
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Sea
                 of
                 profit
                 that
                 by
                 infinite
                 Attaintures
                 flowed
                 daily
                 into
                 his
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 took
                 notwithstanding
                 of
                 the
                 Lords
                 Spirituall
                 and
                 Temporall
                 onely
                 a
                 Tenth
                 of
                 their
                 yearly
                 possessions
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 six
                 Tenths
                 ,
                 three
                 quarters
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 proportion
                 of
                 Fifteens
                 :
                 A
                 Benevolence
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 14.
                 which
                 e
                 Fabian
                 calleth
                 a
                 new
                 Contribution
                 :
                 And
                 charged
                 them
                 f
                 anno
                 12.
                 with
                 wages
                 of
                 his
                 Archers
                 to
                 a
                 Summe
                 of
                 51117.
                 l.
                 Of
                 the
                 Merchant
                 he
                 had
                 Tonnage
                 and
                 Poundage
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 life
                 .
                 Besides
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 Denizons
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 a
                 Subsidie
                 the
                 g
                 22.
                 yeare
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
                 Leaving
                 his
                 Kingdome
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 few
                 dayes
                 of
                 his
                 son
                 Edward
                 the
                 fifth
                 .
                 
                 For
                 
                   Ostendunt
                   terris
                   hunc
                   tantum
                   Fata
                   ,
                   nec
                   ultra
                
              
               
                 
                   Esse
                   sinunt
                
                 .
                 —
              
               
                 The
                 Fates
                 only
                 shewed
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 world
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 him
                 away
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 Richard
                 his
                 Uncle
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 
                 
                   homo
                   ingeniosissime
                   nequam
                   ,
                   &
                   facundus
                   malo
                   publico
                   ,
                
                 a
                 man
                 mosting
                 eniously
                 mischievous
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 
                 Art
                 to
                 beguile
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 He
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 just
                 semblance
                 of
                 his
                 unjust
                 entry
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 Act
                 of
                 Parliament
                 full
                 of
                 dangerous
                 Untruths
                 ,
                 dissembled
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 an
                 excellent
                 Prince
                 ,
                 making
                 the
                 Commons
                 believe
                 by
                 a
                 Statute
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 first
                 form
                 ,
                 as
                 life
                 ,
                 discharging
                 them
                 for
                 ever
                 from
                 all
                 exactions
                 called
                 Benevolences
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 opinion
                 was
                 ,
                 
                   Ditare
                   majus
                   esse
                   Regium
                   quam
                   ditescere
                   ,
                
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 Kinglike
                 to
                 enrich
                 his
                 Subjects
                 then
                 to
                 grow
                 rich
                 himself
                 .
                 Whereas
                 he
                 did
                 but
                 lively
                 imitate
                 Nero
                 ,
                 that
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 law
                 
                   Manlia
                   de
                   vectigalibus
                
                 ,
                 only
                 
                   ut
                   gratiosior
                   esset
                   populis
                
                 ,
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 the
                 more
                 with
                 the
                 people
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 all
                 his
                 short
                 Reign
                 I
                 find
                 recorded
                 but
                 once
                 any
                 Tax
                 upon
                 the
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 Tenths
                 granted
                 by
                 the
                 Clergy
                 of
                 both
                 Provinces
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 seventh
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 
                 resumed
                 in
                 the
                 3.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 grants
                 of
                 Office
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Usurper
                 his
                 brother
                 ,
                 &
                 assessed
                 upon
                 the
                 land
                 onely
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 but
                 one
                 Aide
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 19.
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Lands
                 a
                 tenth
                 peny
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 onely
                 3.
                 times
                 the
                 tenth
                 ,
                 five
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 Tenth
                 and
                 Fifteenth
                 arising
                 to
                 120000.
                 l.
                 He
                 took
                 three
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 whereof
                 the
                 last
                 was
                 not
                 above
                 36000.
                 l.
                 a
                 and
                 one
                 Benevolence
                 ,
                 the
                 proportion
                 of
                 every
                 Alderman
                 being
                 300.
                 l.
                 and
                 the
                 entire
                 Summe
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 
                   London
                   9688.
                   l.
                
                 17.
                 shillings
                 4d.
                 Of
                 the
                 Clergie
                 he
                 had
                 twice
                 the
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 &
                 25000.
                 l.
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Subsidie
                 .
                 b
                 And
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Commons
                 2.
                 
                 Loans
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 London
                 rated
                 at
                 6000.
                 l.
                 the
                 other
                 not
                 definite
                 in
                 proportion
                 ,
                 but
                 so
                 assessed
                 as
                 Commissioners
                 and
                 the
                 Lenders
                 could
                 agree
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 aswell
                 to
                 ease
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 wars
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 money
                 going
                 over
                 to
                 Bullen
                 ,
                 a
                 he
                 stamped
                 an
                 allayed
                 Coyn
                 then
                 usually
                 termed
                 Dandeprats
                 :
                 A
                 course
                 that
                 necessity
                 after
                 enforced
                 his
                 Son
                 and
                 Successors
                 to
                 practice
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 an
                 apparent
                 Symptome
                 of
                 a
                 consumed
                 State.
                 But
                 that
                 whereby
                 he
                 heaped
                 up
                 his
                 masse
                 of
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 (
                 b
                 for
                 he
                 left
                 in
                 Bullion
                 4.
                 millions
                 and
                 a
                 half
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 Plate
                 ,
                 Jewells
                 ,
                 and
                 rich
                 attire
                 of
                 house
                 )
                 was
                 by
                 sale
                 of
                 Offices
                 ,
                 redemption
                 of
                 Penalties
                 ,
                 dispencing
                 with
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 yearly
                 value
                 of
                 120000.
                 pounds
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Successour
                 ,
                 
                 reaping
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 his
                 Fathers
                 labour
                 ,
                 gave
                 ease
                 of
                 burthen
                 to
                 the
                 Subjects
                 his
                 first
                 two
                 years
                 ;
                 taking
                 within
                 the
                 compasse
                 of
                 his
                 other
                 34.
                 three
                 Tenths
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 four
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 6.
                 
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 whereof
                 that
                 an
                 .
                 4.
                 amounted
                 to
                 16000.
                 l.
                 and
                 that
                 
                   an
                   .
                   7.
                   110000.
                   l.
                   Tonnage
                
                 he
                 had
                 and
                 Poundage
                 once
                 for
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 Life
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 4.
                 
                 Tenths
                 by
                 one
                 grant
                 ,
                 and
                 3.
                 by
                 severall
                 ,
                 every
                 of
                 them
                 not
                 lesse
                 then
                 25084.
                 l.
                 Of
                 Subsidies
                 he
                 had
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Canterbury
                 ,
                 another
                 of
                 both
                 ;
                 the
                 Stipendary
                 Ministers
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 taxed
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 rate
                 of
                 their
                 wages
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 22.
                 they
                 granted
                 a
                 Moiety
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Lands
                 ,
                 payable
                 by
                 equal
                 portion
                 in
                 5.
                 years
                 ,
                 every
                 part
                 arising
                 to
                 95000.
                 l.
                 to
                 the
                 yearly
                 Revenues
                 of
                 his
                 Crown
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 inhumane
                 spoil
                 of
                 sacred
                 Monuments
                 ,
                 and
                 impious
                 ruine
                 of
                 holy
                 Churches
                 ,
                 if
                 Gods
                 blessing
                 could
                 have
                 accompanyed
                 so
                 foul
                 an
                 Act.
                 And
                 as
                 these
                 former
                 Collections
                 he
                 grounded
                 upon
                 Law
                 ,
                 so
                 did
                 he
                 many
                 upon
                 Praerogative
                 :
                 As
                 Benevolences
                 and
                 Loans
                 from
                 the
                 Clergy
                 and
                 Commons
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 17.
                 
                 acted
                 by
                 Commissioners
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 themselves
                 were
                 sworn
                 to
                 Secrecy
                 ,
                 so
                 were
                 they
                 to
                 swear
                 all
                 those
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 conferre
                 or
                 contract
                 .
                 The
                 Rates
                 directed
                 by
                 instructions
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 thirds
                 of
                 all
                 Goods
                 ,
                 Offices
                 ,
                 Land
                 above
                 20.
                 l.
                 and
                 the
                 4
                 th
                 .
                 under
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Recusants
                 (
                 whether
                 from
                 Disobedience
                 or
                 Inability
                 )
                 are
                 threatned
                 with
                 Convention
                 before
                 the
                 Councell
                 ,
                 Imprisonment
                 ,
                 and
                 Confiscation
                 of
                 Goods
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 a
                 Designe
                 Originall
                 under
                 the
                 Kings
                 hand
                 ,
                 it
                 hath
                 so
                 fair
                 a
                 name
                 as
                 an
                 Amicable
                 Grant.
                 The
                 other
                 about
                 b
                 an
                 .
                 36.
                 exacteth
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 Goods
                 ,
                 Offices
                 ,
                 land
                 from
                 40.
                 shillings
                 to
                 20.
                 l.
                 8d.
                 in
                 the
                 pound
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 above
                 ,
                 12d.
                 And
                 amongst
                 the
                 many
                 Loans
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 none
                 more
                 notorious
                 then
                 that
                 of
                 an
                 .
                 14.
                 c
                 which
                 was
                 10.
                 l.
                 in
                 the
                 hundred
                 of
                 all
                 Goods
                 ,
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 Utensils
                 ,
                 and
                 land
                 from
                 20.
                 l.
                 to
                 300.
                 l.
                 and
                 twenty
                 marks
                 of
                 all
                 above
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 revealed
                 by
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Oath
                 ,
                 would
                 extend
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 stop
                 as
                 well
                 intentions
                 if
                 any
                 had
                 been
                 ,
                 as
                 expectations
                 of
                 repayment
                 of
                 such
                 Loans
                 ,
                 d
                 the
                 Parliament
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 21.
                 acquitteth
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 every
                 Privy
                 Seal
                 or
                 
                   Letter
                   Missive
                
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 the
                 sixth
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 
                 besides
                 Tonnage
                 and
                 Poundage
                 for
                 life
                 ,
                 an
                 .
                 1.
                 received
                 of
                 his
                 Law-Subjects
                 six
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 both
                 three
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 leaving
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Temporalty
                 ungathered
                 :
                 which
                 his
                 Sister
                 Mary
                 remitted
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 of
                 her
                 reign
                 ;
                 yet
                 after
                 (
                 incited
                 by
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 succouring
                 her
                 Rebells
                 ,
                 and
                 suffering
                 her
                 money
                 adulterated
                 in
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 purposely
                 to
                 be
                 hither
                 transported
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 to
                 side
                 the
                 quarrell
                 of
                 Philip
                 her
                 husband
                 against
                 him
                 )
                 being
                 drawn
                 into
                 wars
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 inforced
                 to
                 presse
                 upon
                 
                 her
                 people
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 Loan
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 1.
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 life
                 granted
                 unto
                 her
                 by
                 Parliament
                 )
                 took
                 five
                 Fifteens
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Clergie
                 three
                 years
                 Subsidies
                 .
              
               
                 Her
                 Sister
                 of
                 happy
                 memory
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 
                 besides
                 divers
                 Loans
                 of
                 her
                 people
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 forraign
                 parts
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 anno
                 5.
                 when
                 
                   William
                   Horle
                
                 was
                 dispatched
                 into
                 Germany
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 at
                 Interest
                 for
                 6.
                 years
                 great
                 Summes
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 the
                 like
                 an
                 .
                 18.
                 from
                 the
                 Merchants
                 of
                 Colen
                 and
                 Hamburgh
                 upon
                 Bond
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 London
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 of
                 Spinello
                 and
                 Pallavicini
                 upon
                 the
                 former
                 security
                 ,
                 strengthened
                 with
                 the
                 assurance
                 also
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 her
                 chiefest
                 Councellors
                 ,
                 )
                 had
                 by
                 grant
                 of
                 her
                 Subjects
                 38.
                 
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 20.
                 
                 Subsidies
                 of
                 the
                 Commons
                 ,
                 and
                 18.
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 together
                 rose
                 to
                 a
                 summe
                 of
                 two
                 Millions
                 and
                 800000.
                 l.
                 
              
               
                 HAving
                 thus
                 far
                 (
                 with
                 as
                 light
                 a
                 hand
                 as
                 I
                 could
                 )
                 drawn
                 down
                 the
                 many
                 and
                 mighty
                 burdens
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 touch
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 Extremities
                 beyond
                 the
                 ease
                 of
                 these
                 former
                 helps
                 I
                 heighten
                 up
                 this
                 draught
                 ,
                 
                 it
                 will
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 life
                 and
                 lustre
                 expresse
                 the
                 Figure
                 of
                 wars
                 Misery
                 .
                 a
                 The
                 Credit
                 of
                 Kings
                 it
                 hath
                 brought
                 to
                 so
                 low
                 an
                 ebbe
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 necessity
                 they
                 borrowed
                 money
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 up
                 but
                 by
                 collaterall
                 security
                 ,
                 and
                 extreme
                 Interest
                 .
                 As
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 in
                 the
                 Patent
                 to
                 b
                 
                   William
                   de
                   la
                   Poole
                
                 confesseth
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   propter
                   defectum
                   pecuniae
                   negotia
                   sua
                   fuerunt
                   periculo
                   sissime
                   retardata
                   ,
                
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 money
                 his
                 affaires
                 were
                 dangerously
                 delayed
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 record
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Royall
                 Army
                 
                 
                   magnae
                   fuit
                   depressioni
                   patenter
                   expositus
                   ,
                   &
                   progressus
                   non
                   sine
                   dedecore
                   suo
                   perpetuo
                   impeditus
                   ,
                
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 a
                 manifest
                 low
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 proceedings
                 to
                 his
                 great
                 dishonour
                 had
                 been
                 constantly
                 hindered
                 ;
                 if
                 
                   De
                   la
                   Poole
                
                 had
                 not
                 as
                 well
                 supplied
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 credit
                 of
                 his
                 Security
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 ability
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Purse
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 service
                 he
                 honoured
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 posterity
                 with
                 the
                 degree
                 of
                 Baronets
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 500.
                 l.
                 land
                 of
                 inheritance
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 interest
                 of
                 
                   Henry
                   3.
                   ad
                   plus
                   quam
                   centum
                   quotidie
                   libras
                   adscenderat
                   ,
                   ita
                   ut
                   imminenet
                   tam
                   Clero
                   quam
                   Populo
                   Angliae
                   Deso
                   latio
                   &
                   Ruina
                   ,
                
                 came
                 to
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 hundred
                 pound
                 a
                 day
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 present
                 ruine
                 &
                 desolation
                 hung
                 over
                 the
                 heads
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 Clergy
                 as
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 Q.
                 Mary
                 a
                 borrowed
                 in
                 Flanders
                 at
                 14.
                 in
                 the
                 hundred
                 ,
                 besides
                 Brocage
                 upon
                 collaterall
                 security
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 late
                 Queene
                 was
                 inforced
                 b
                 to
                 the
                 like
                 thrice
                 with
                 Strangers
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Londons
                 assurance
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 her
                 c
                 own
                 Subjects
                 after
                 upon
                 Mortgage
                 of
                 Land.
                 A
                 course
                 more
                 moderate
                 then
                 either
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 William
                 ,
                 that
                 took
                 out
                 of
                 Churches
                 such
                 money
                 as
                 severall
                 men
                 had
                 committed
                 thither
                 for
                 more
                 security
                 :
                 d
                 or
                 that
                 of
                 Charles
                 the
                 fifth
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 repaire
                 the
                 waste
                 of
                 his
                 Italian
                 wars
                 ,
                 went
                 in
                 person
                 to
                 Barcilona
                 ,
                 to
                 seize
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 a
                 Masse
                 of
                 money
                 called
                 
                   Depositum
                   Tabulae
                
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 well
                 Strangers
                 as
                 Subjects
                 had
                 there
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 Sanctuary
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 are
                 not
                 the
                 conditions
                 of
                 Princes
                 of
                 our
                 times
                 onely
                 :
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 lives
                 of
                 
                   Caligula
                   ,
                   Nero
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Vespasian
                   ,
                   Suetonius
                
                 of
                 them
                 severally
                 writeth
                 ,
                 
                   Exhaustus
                   
                   &
                   egenus
                   calumniis
                   rapinisque
                   intendit
                   animum
                   ,
                
                 being
                 drawn
                 dry
                 and
                 grown
                 poor
                 ,
                 they
                 bent
                 their
                 minds
                 to
                 Calumnies
                 and
                 Rapines
                 .
                 For
                 
                   Perni●los●●res
                   est
                   in
                   imperante
                   tenuitas
                
                 ,
                 Want
                 in
                 a
                 Prince
                 is
                 a
                 dangerous
                 thing
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 Theodoricus
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Periculosissimum
                   animal
                   est
                   Rex
                   pauper
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Poor
                 King
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 dangerous
                 creature
                 living
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 hath
                 abated
                 the
                 Regalties
                 of
                 Houses
                 ;
                 
                 an
                 .
                 16.
                 of
                 Richard
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 18.
                 a
                 of
                 Henry
                 6.
                 when
                 as
                 well
                 from
                 want
                 of
                 means
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Subjects
                 Petitions
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 
                   Expeditissima
                   est
                   ratio
                   augendi
                   Census
                   detrahere
                   Sumptibus
                   ,
                
                 the
                 readiest
                 way
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Revenue
                 is
                 to
                 take
                 down
                 Expenses
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 have
                 much
                 lessened
                 their
                 Hospitality
                 ;
                 their
                 Tables
                 being
                 either
                 defrayed
                 by
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 6.
                 or
                 as
                 Henry
                 the
                 3.
                 when
                 by
                 necessity
                 b
                 
                   ita
                   consueta
                   Regaiis
                   Mensae
                   hospitalitas
                   abbreviata
                   fuit
                   ,
                   ut
                   (
                   posposita
                   solita
                   verecundia
                   )
                   cum
                   Abbatibus
                   ,
                   Clericis
                   ,
                   &
                   viris
                   satis
                   humilibus
                   hospitia
                   quaesivit
                   &
                   prandia
                
                 ;
                 the
                 wonted
                 hospitality
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Table
                 was
                 sunk
                 so
                 low
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 without
                 farther
                 shame
                 )
                 he
                 many
                 times
                 lodged
                 and
                 dieted
                 with
                 Abbots
                 ,
                 Clerks
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 mean
                 Persons
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 hath
                 caused
                 our
                 Kings
                 to
                 sell
                 and
                 alienate
                 the
                 possessions
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 :
                 
                 as
                 Henry
                 the
                 c
                 3.
                 who
                 gave
                 to
                 Edward
                 his
                 son
                 
                   Licentiam
                   impignorandi
                   terram
                   Vascon●ae
                
                 ,
                 leave
                 to
                 pawn
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Gascoign
                 ;
                 And
                 caused
                 himself
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 by
                 the
                 like
                 occasions
                 ,
                 to
                 sell
                 for
                 300000.
                 l.
                 (
                 except
                 some
                 pittances
                 reserved
                 )
                 the
                 d
                 entire
                 Signiorie
                 of
                 Normandie
                 .
                 What
                 our
                 late
                 Mistris
                 and
                 her
                 Father
                 did
                 ,
                 is
                 yet
                 fresh
                 in
                 memory
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 mischief
                 hath
                 trenched
                 deep
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Fortunes
                 and
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 when
                 Princes
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 breach
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 have
                 often
                 resumed
                 the
                 possessions
                 of
                 their
                 people
                 ;
                 as
                 a
                 Edward
                 the
                 second
                 anno
                 5
                 ,
                 
                 8
                 ,
                 
                   &
                   10.
                   
                   Omnes
                   donationes
                   per
                   Regem
                   factas
                   ad
                   damnum
                   &
                   diminutionem
                   Regis
                   &
                   Coronae
                   suae
                   ,
                
                 all
                 the
                 Grants
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 the
                 lessening
                 and
                 prejudicing
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 his
                 Crown
                 .
                 b
                 Richard
                 the
                 second
                 an
                 .
                 1
                 ▪
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 of
                 all
                 Grants
                 made
                 to
                 unworthy
                 persons
                 by
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 ,
                 and
                 recalled
                 all
                 Patents
                 dated
                 since
                 40.
                 of
                 Edward
                 3.
                 
                 Thus
                 did
                 Henry
                 c
                 the
                 5.
                 an
                 .
                 1.
                 and
                 d
                 Henry
                 the
                 6.
                 in
                 the
                 28.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 Edward
                 the
                 4.
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 3.
                 with
                 all
                 Offices
                 of
                 his
                 Crown
                 granted
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Usurper
                 or
                 his
                 Brother
                 .
                 Neither
                 is
                 this
                 in
                 it self
                 unjust
                 ,
                 since
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 State
                 as
                 Rules
                 of
                 best
                 Government
                 ,
                 the
                 Revenues
                 and
                 Profits
                 e
                 
                   quae
                   ad
                   sacrum
                   Patrimonium
                   Principis
                   pertinent
                   ,
                
                 which
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 sacred
                 Patrimony
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 should
                 remain
                 firme
                 and
                 unbroken
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 neither
                 Credit
                 ,
                 
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 or
                 Sale
                 of
                 Lands
                 would
                 stop
                 the
                 gulf
                 of
                 want
                 ,
                 our
                 Princes
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 neer
                 beset
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 N●rva
                 and
                 Antonius
                 the
                 Emperors
                 to
                 sell
                 and
                 pawn
                 their
                 Jewells
                 .
                 The
                 Archbishop
                 of
                 York
                 had
                 power
                 from
                 
                   Henry
                   3.
                   an
                
                 .
                 26.
                 f
                 (
                 in
                 wars
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 )
                 
                   impignorandi
                   Iocalia
                   Regis
                   ubicunque
                   in
                   Anglia
                   pro
                   pecunia
                   perquirenda
                   ,
                
                 to
                 pawn
                 the
                 Kings
                 Jewells
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 England
                 to
                 raise
                 money
                 .
                 g
                 Edward
                 the
                 first
                 sendeth
                 
                   Egidius
                   Andevar
                   ad
                   Iocalia
                   sua
                   impignoranda
                   ,
                
                 to
                 pawn
                 his
                 Jewells
                 .
                 h
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 pawneth
                 his
                 Jewells
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 
                   L.
                   Beaumont
                
                 and
                 the
                 Strangers
                 their
                 wages
                 in
                 war.
                 The
                 Black
                 i
                 Princes
                 
                 was
                 constrained
                 to
                 break
                 his
                 Plate
                 into
                 Money
                 to
                 pay
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 .
              
               
                 a
                 Richard
                 the
                 second
                 pawned
                 
                   Vasa
                   aurea
                   &
                   diversa
                   Iocalia
                
                 ,
                 vessels
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 divers
                 Jewells
                 to
                 Sir
                 
                   Robert
                   Knowles
                
                 .
                 b
                 Henry
                 the
                 4.
                 an
                 .
                 3.
                 to
                 a
                 Merchant
                 for
                 money
                 
                   invadiavit
                   Tabellam
                   &
                   Trisellas
                   suas
                   Argenteas
                   de
                   Hispania
                   ,
                
                 ingaged
                 his
                 Tablet
                 and
                 stools
                 of
                 Silver
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 from
                 Spain
                 .
                 c
                 Henry
                 the
                 6.
                 gageth
                 and
                 selleth
                 to
                 the
                 Cardinal
                 of
                 Winchester
                 and
                 others
                 an
                 .
                 10
                 th
                 .
                 12
                 th
                 .
                 and
                 29.
                 d
                 many
                 parcells
                 of
                 his
                 rich
                 Jewells
                 .
                 
                 And
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 her
                 dayes
                 (
                 to
                 ease
                 her
                 Subjects
                 )
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 with
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 Tower.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 Extremity
                 hath
                 yet
                 stretched
                 some
                 of
                 our
                 Kings
                 to
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 stain
                 of
                 Shift
                 ,
                 that
                 Edward
                 the
                 third
                 e
                 
                   invadiavit
                   magnam
                   Coronam
                   Angliae
                
                 ,
                 pawned
                 his
                 Imperiall
                 Crown
                 3.
                 severall
                 times
                 ;
                 
                   an
                   .
                   17.
                   in
                   partibus
                   transmarinis
                
                 in
                 forreign
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 twice
                 to
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Wesenham
                
                 his
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 f
                 24.
                 and
                 after
                 g
                 an
                 .
                 30.
                 in
                 whose
                 custody
                 it
                 remained
                 8.
                 yeares
                 .
                 To
                 
                   Henry
                   Bishop
                
                 of
                 
                   Winchester
                   Henry
                
                 the
                 5.
                 
                   invadiavit
                   magnam
                   Coronam
                   auream
                
                 ,
                 gaged
                 his
                 imperiall
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 in
                 the
                 5.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 Henry
                 the
                 third
                 had
                 laid
                 to
                 gage
                 h
                 
                   omnia
                   Insignia
                   Regalia
                
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 Robes
                 and
                 Kingly
                 Ornaments
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 assurance
                 of
                 redelivery
                 or
                 satisfaction
                 had
                 pawned
                 
                   Aurum
                   &
                   Iocalia
                   Feretri
                   S.
                   Edwardi
                   Confessoris
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Jewells
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Shrine
                 of
                 S.
                 Edward
                 the
                 Confessour
                 ,
                 (
                 A
                 course
                 more
                 moderate
                 then
                 by
                 force
                 to
                 have
                 taken
                 ,
                 as
                 William
                 the
                 Conquerour
                 did
                 the
                 Chalices
                 and
                 Shrines
                 of
                 other
                 Churches
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 i
                 Glement
                 the
                 7.
                 who
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Charles
                 the
                 fifth
                 melted
                 the
                 
                 Consecrated
                 Vessels
                 )
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 neither
                 means
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 left
                 nor
                 reputation
                 with
                 others
                 ,
                 constrained
                 to
                 beg
                 relief
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 in
                 this
                 low
                 strain
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Pauper
                   sum
                   ,
                   omni
                   destitutus
                   Thesauro
                   ;
                   necesse
                   habeo
                   ut
                   me
                   juvetis
                   :
                   nec
                   aliquid
                   exigo
                   nisi
                   per
                   gratiam
                
                 ;
                 I
                 am
                 poor
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 no
                 Treasure
                 left
                 ;
                 ye
                 must
                 needs
                 relieve
                 me
                 :
                 neither
                 do
                 I
                 demand
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 of
                 your
                 mere
                 love
                 and
                 courtesy
                 :
                 And
                 turning
                 to
                 the
                 Abbot
                 of
                 Ramsey
                 ,
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Amice
                   ,
                   obnixe
                   supplico
                   quatenus
                   me
                   juvas
                   mihi
                   centum
                   libras
                   conferendo
                   ,
                
                 My
                 friend
                 ,
                 I
                 beseech
                 thee
                 for
                 Gods
                 sake
                 to
                 help
                 me
                 with
                 100.
                 pound
                 :
                 adding
                 withall
                 
                   majorem
                   Eleemosynam
                   fore
                   sibi
                   juvamen
                   conferre
                   pecuniamve
                   ,
                   quam
                   alicui
                   ostiatim
                   mendicanti
                   ,
                
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 deed
                 of
                 Charity
                 to
                 contribute
                 to
                 his
                 Wants
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 give
                 to
                 one
                 that
                 begged
                 from
                 door
                 to
                 door
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 waste
                 of
                 these
                 times
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 those
                 Princes
                 I
                 may
                 truly
                 with
                 the
                 Satyrist
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Ossa
                   vides
                   Regum
                   vacuis
                   exuta
                   medullis
                   .
                
                 Thou
                 seest
                 the
                 Bones
                 of
                 Kings
                 spoi'ld
                 of
                 their
                 Marrow
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 now
                 resteth
                 by
                 some
                 few
                 particulars
                 to
                 observe
                 with
                 what
                 Wealth
                 we
                 have
                 returned
                 home
                 ,
                 
                 loaden
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 our
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 since
                 no
                 motives
                 are
                 so
                 powerful
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 greedy
                 People
                 as
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 gain
                 ,
                 which
                 will
                 easily
                 enforce
                 them
                 
                   
                     b
                     Ire
                     super
                     gladios
                     ,
                     superque
                     Cadavera
                     patr●●
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Et
                     caesos
                     calcare
                     Duces
                     ,
                     —
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Tread
                     upon
                     Swords
                     ,
                     and
                     on
                     their
                     Fathers
                     Graves
                     ,
                  
                   
                     And
                     spurn
                     their
                     slaughter'd
                     Captains
                     .
                     —
                  
                
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Expeditions
                 of
                 Henry
                 3.
                 their
                 purchases
                 were
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 a
                 Londoners
                 were
                 more
                 grieved
                 at
                 the
                 intolerable
                 Beggeries
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 brought
                 back
                 ,
                 then
                 for
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 moneyes
                 :
                 For
                 
                   Cum
                   labor
                   in
                   damno
                   est
                   crescit
                   mortalis
                   egestas
                   ,
                
                 When
                 Toil
                 brings
                 Loss
                 ,
                 Begg'ry
                 must
                 needs
                 increase
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 King
                 ,
                 although
                 called
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 France
                 b
                 in
                 Faction
                 against
                 their
                 Master
                 ,
                 returned
                 no
                 better
                 rewarded
                 then
                 
                   Consumpta
                   pecunia
                   infinita
                   ,
                   &
                   Nobilibus
                   &
                   Militibus
                   innumeralibus
                   vel
                   Morti
                   datis
                   vel
                   infirmitati
                   ,
                   vel
                   fame
                   attenuatis
                   ,
                   vel
                   ad
                   extremam
                   redactis
                   paupertatem
                   ,
                
                 with
                 the
                 having
                 spent
                 an
                 infinite
                 deal
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 his
                 Nobles
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 without
                 number
                 being
                 either
                 slain
                 ,
                 or
                 sickly
                 ,
                 or
                 maimed
                 ,
                 or
                 half-starved
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 reduced
                 to
                 extreme
                 poverty
                 .
              
               
                 Innocentius
                 the
                 Pope
                 repayed
                 the
                 expence
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 3.
                 and
                 his
                 people
                 in
                 his
                 Sicilian
                 Service
                 with
                 no
                 better
                 wages
                 then
                 this
                 Scoffe
                 ,
                 That
                 England
                 was
                 c
                 
                   Puteus
                   inexhaustus
                   quem
                   nullus
                   poterat
                   exsiccare
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Well
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 emptied
                 which
                 no
                 man
                 could
                 draw
                 dry
                 .
                 What
                 the
                 succeeding
                 times
                 afforded
                 may
                 be
                 wed
                 gathered
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 Petitions
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 22.
                 
                 Edward
                 3.
                 4
                 ,
                 and
                 7.
                 of
                 Richard
                 2.
                 8.
                 of
                 Henry
                 5.
                 and
                 10.
                 of
                 Henry
                 6.
                 ever
                 complaining
                 of
                 the
                 extreme
                 Beggery
                 the
                 people
                 brought
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 〈◊〉
                 some
                 〈◊〉
                 Relief
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Treasue
                 d
                 Henry
                 the
                 8.
                 spent
                 in
                 aide
                 of
                 
                   Munimi
                   〈…〉
                
                 recovery
                 of
                 
                   Verona
                   nullum
                   alin●
                   factu●●
                   nisi
                   damnum
                   &
                   dedecus
                   peperit
                   ,
                
                 
                 brought
                 him
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 Loss
                 ,
                 and
                 Dishonour
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Emperour
                 having
                 his
                 turn
                 served
                 ,
                 delivered
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 Contract
                 ,
                 that
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 threatning
                 to
                 confederate
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   ni
                   Rex
                   ei
                   continuo
                   per
                   solveret
                   ,
                
                 unless
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 forthwith
                 pay
                 him
                 down
                 a
                 great
                 summe
                 of
                 money
                 ;
                 believing
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 words
                 are
                 )
                 
                   Minis
                   &
                   terrore
                   ab
                   hoc
                   Rege
                   pecuniam
                   posse
                   haberi
                   ,
                
                 that
                 this
                 King
                 would
                 part
                 with
                 his
                 money
                 upon
                 threatnings
                 and
                 great
                 words
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 sent
                 over
                 into
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Million
                 almost
                 of
                 Crowns
                 he
                 supplied
                 the
                 Emperour
                 and
                 Duke
                 of
                 Burbon
                 with
                 in
                 their
                 wars
                 of
                 Millan
                 ,
                 his
                 People
                 enduring
                 new
                 and
                 unheard
                 of
                 Taxes
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 great
                 Extremity
                 abroad
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 (
                 their
                 ends
                 effected
                 )
                 having
                 spent
                 the
                 Treasure
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bounty
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 forsaken
                 and
                 left
                 as
                 the
                 Pasquill
                 painted
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   inter
                   Moysem
                   ,
                   Christum
                   &
                   Mahumitem
                   ,
                
                 betwixt
                 
                   Moses
                   ,
                   Christ
                
                 and
                 Mahomet
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 word
                 ,
                 
                   Quo
                   me
                   vertam
                   nescio
                
                 ,
                 Which
                 way
                 to
                 turn
                 me
                 I
                 know
                 not
                 .
                 For
                 2.
                 
                 Millions
                 of
                 a
                 Crowns
                 bestowed
                 in
                 purchase
                 of
                 Tournay
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 suite
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 he
                 delivered
                 it
                 with
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 recompence
                 :
                 &
                 rated
                 his
                 potentiall
                 Interest
                 of
                 France
                 at
                 no
                 greater
                 Summe
                 then
                 an
                 Annuity
                 b
                 of
                 100000.
                 
                 Crowns
                 .
                 What
                 from
                 the
                 30.
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 untill
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 his
                 son
                 Edward
                 the
                 sixth
                 for
                 c
                 3173478.
                 l.
                 15s.
                 4d.
                 spent
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 in
                 Forraign
                 wars
                 ,
                 this
                 State
                 received
                 of
                 inrichment
                 ,
                 it
                 seemeth
                 so
                 mean
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 worthy
                 any
                 place
                 either
                 in
                 Story
                 or
                 Accompts
                 .
              
               
                 Untill
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 was
                 drawn
                 into
                 wars
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 in
                 Treasure
                 700000.
                 l.
                 but
                 after
                 she
                 
                 was
                 once
                 intangled
                 ,
                 it
                 cost
                 her
                 before
                 the
                 30.
                 of
                 her
                 Reign
                 1517351.
                 l.
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 she
                 was
                 but
                 entering
                 into
                 the
                 vastness
                 of
                 her
                 future
                 Charge
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 annuall
                 expence
                 of
                 126000.
                 l.
                 in
                 the
                 Low-Countries
                 ,
                 from
                 1587.
                 untill
                 1593.
                 the
                 yearly
                 disbursment
                 for
                 a
                 Flushing
                 and
                 the
                 Brill
                 28482.
                 l.
                 the
                 debts
                 of
                 the
                 States
                 800000.
                 l.
                 and
                 the
                 Aides
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 since
                 he
                 attained
                 to
                 that
                 Crown
                 to
                 above
                 401734.
                 l.
                 was
                 after
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 Thus
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 warre
                 ,
                 besides
                 Taxes
                 upon
                 her
                 People
                 to
                 the
                 Summe
                 of
                 two
                 Millions
                 ,
                 and
                 800000.
                 l.
                 by
                 Subsidies
                 ,
                 Tenths
                 &
                 Fifteens
                 ,
                 she
                 hath
                 spent
                 of
                 her
                 Lands
                 ,
                 Jewells
                 and
                 Revenues
                 an
                 infinite
                 proportion
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 imaginary
                 Profit
                 grown
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Attempts
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 well
                 cast
                 up
                 by
                 two
                 examples
                 of
                 our
                 best
                 Fortunes
                 .
                 The
                 Journey
                 of
                 Cales
                 b
                 defrayed
                 not
                 the
                 Charge
                 to
                 her
                 Majesty
                 by
                 64000.
                 l.
                 And
                 our
                 times
                 of
                 most
                 advantage
                 by
                 Prizes
                 between
                 c
                 anno
                 30.
                 and
                 34.
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 wherein
                 we
                 received
                 but
                 64044.
                 l.
                 defrayed
                 not
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 her
                 Navy
                 ,
                 arising
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 yeares
                 to
                 275761.
                 l.
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 Losse
                 ,
                 expence
                 of
                 Christian
                 Blood
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 well
                 suffice
                 to
                 be
                 moan
                 with
                 *
                 Horace
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Parumne
                     Campis
                     atque
                     Neptuno
                     superfusum
                     est
                     Latini
                     sanguinis
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Neque
                     hic
                     Lupis
                     mos
                     nec
                     fuit
                     Leonibus
                     Unquam
                     ,
                     nisi
                     in
                     dispar
                     feris
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Is
                     there
                     as
                     yet
                     so
                     little
                     Latine
                     Bloud
                  
                   
                     Spilt
                     on
                     the
                     Fields
                     and
                     Flouds
                     ?
                  
                   
                     Nor
                     Wolves
                     nor
                     Lions
                     do
                     we
                     ever
                     find
                  
                   
                     So
                     cruel
                     to
                     their
                     kind
                     .
                  
                
              
               
               
                 THe
                 last
                 motive
                 from
                 Utility
                 is
                 ,
                 
                 increase
                 of
                 Revenues
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Treasury
                 by
                 addition
                 of
                 Forreign
                 Dominions
                 .
                 Which
                 can
                 receive
                 no
                 answer
                 so
                 full
                 of
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 instance
                 the
                 particular
                 Summes
                 ,
                 exhausted
                 in
                 every
                 Age
                 to
                 retain
                 them
                 .
                 Beginning
                 first
                 with
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 or
                 Normandy
                 :
                 
                 For
                 retention
                 whereof
                 William
                 the
                 Conquerour
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 a
                 Author
                 saith
                 )
                 laden
                 
                   Thesauris
                   innumeris
                
                 ,
                 with
                 uncountable
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 exacted
                 
                   sive
                   per
                   fas
                   sive
                   per
                   nefas
                   ,
                   in
                   Normanniam
                   transfretavit
                   ,
                
                 gathethered
                 together
                 by
                 hook
                 or
                 by
                 crook
                 ,
                 wafted
                 over
                 into
                 Normandy
                 .
                 His
                 Son
                 b
                 
                   ad
                   retinendam
                   Normanniam
                   ,
                   Angliam
                   excoriavit
                   ,
                
                 to
                 retain
                 Normandy
                 flayed
                 off
                 Englands
                 skin
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 end
                 by
                 c
                 Henry
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 
                   Anglia
                   fuit
                   bonis
                   spoliata
                   ,
                   England
                
                 was
                 despoiled
                 of
                 its
                 Goods
                 .
                 His
                 d
                 Grand-child
                 took
                 
                   Scutagium
                   pro
                   Exercitu
                   Normanniae
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Scutage
                 for
                 his
                 army
                 in
                 Normandy
                 3.
                 times
                 at
                 a
                 high
                 rate
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 inforced
                 then
                 against
                 incursions
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 to
                 build
                 and
                 man
                 e
                 13
                 Castles
                 
                   de
                   novo
                   &
                   integro
                
                 ,
                 intirely
                 new
                 .
              
               
                 Richard
                 the
                 first
                 f
                 exacted
                 heavily
                 upon
                 his
                 people
                 ,
                 
                   ut
                   potentes
                   homines
                   Regis
                   Franciae
                   sibi
                   conciliaret
                   ,
                   ut
                   terram
                   propriam
                   Normanniae
                   tutaretur
                   ,
                
                 therewith
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 friends
                 amongst
                 the
                 most
                 powerfull
                 Courtiers
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 so
                 to
                 keep
                 quietly
                 his
                 possessions
                 in
                 Normandy
                 .
              
               
                 King
                 Iohn
                 g
                 as
                 wearied
                 with
                 the
                 Charge
                 neglected
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 his
                 Son
                 h
                 feeling
                 a
                 burden
                 more
                 then
                 benefit
                 ,
                 resigned
                 his
                 interest
                 there
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 Money
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 was
                 again
                 reduced
                 by
                 Henry
                 the
                 fifth
                 ,
                 i
                 the
                 judgement
                 in
                 Councel
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 keeping
                 of
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 no
                 lesse
                 of
                 expence
                 then
                 to
                 war
                 forth
                 for
                 all
                 France
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 
                 quiet
                 possession
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 Henry
                 a
                 (
                 
                   Iohn
                   Duke
                
                 of
                 Bedford
                 then
                 Regent
                 )
                 this
                 Dutchie
                 cost
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 
                   England
                   10942.
                   l.
                
                 yearly
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 10.
                 it
                 appeareth
                 by
                 the
                 Accompts
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 Cromwell
                 Treasurer
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 b
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Exchequer
                 at
                 Westminister
                 the
                 entertainment
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 and
                 Governour
                 was
                 defrayed
                 ,
                 the
                 Rents
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 not
                 supporting
                 the
                 charge
                 ordinary
                 .
                 c
                 When
                 
                   Richard
                   Duke
                
                 of
                 York
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 15.
                 year
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 6.
                 
                 Regent
                 ,
                 the
                 certain
                 Expence
                 overballanced
                 the
                 Receipt
                 34008.
                 l.
                 And
                 an
                 .
                 27.
                 d
                 the
                 Lord
                 
                   Hastings
                   Chancellour
                
                 of
                 France
                 declareth
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 that
                 Normandy
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 it self
                 .
                 But
                 thus
                 it
                 continued
                 not
                 much
                 longer
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Crown
                 was
                 both
                 eased
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 and
                 Charge
                 shortly
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 
                   Duchie
                   of
                   Gascoign
                   ,
                   Guien
                
                 and
                 the
                 Members
                 ,
                 I
                 find
                 the
                 state
                 thus
                 in
                 record
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 26.
                 of
                 Henry
                 3.
                 e
                 there
                 was
                 issued
                 from
                 the
                 Treasurer
                 &
                 Chamberlains
                 at
                 
                   Westminster
                   10000
                   l.
                
                 for
                 paiments
                 in
                 Gascoign
                 ;
                 besides
                 an
                 infinite
                 proportion
                 of
                 Victualls
                 and
                 Munition
                 thither
                 sent
                 .
                 To
                 retain
                 this
                 Dutchie
                 in
                 Duty
                 and
                 possession
                 ,
                 f
                 this
                 king
                 was
                 inforced
                 to
                 pawn
                 his
                 Jewells
                 ,
                 being
                 
                   aere
                   alieno
                   graviter
                   obligatus
                   ,
                   Thesauris
                   ,
                   Donativis
                   ,
                   Tallagiis
                   ,
                   &
                   extersionibus
                   in
                   Anglia
                   consumptis
                
                 ;
                 very
                 much
                 indebted
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 spent
                 all
                 his
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 Grants
                 ,
                 Tallages
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Sweepings
                 in
                 England
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 people
                 there
                 at
                 his
                 departure
                 
                   extorserunt
                   ab
                   eo
                   confessionem
                   quadraginta
                   millia
                   Marcarum
                   ,
                
                 forced
                 an
                 acknowledgement
                 from
                 him
                 of
                 40000.
                 
                 Marks
                 .
                 And
                 a
                 Story
                 of
                 that
                 time
                 saith
                 of
                 ann
                 .
                 38.
                 
                 g
                 
                   Ille
                   per
                   multos
                   labores
                   &
                   expensas
                   inutiliter
                   
                   recuperavit
                   Castra
                   sua
                   propria
                   Vasconiae
                   ,
                
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 toyle
                 and
                 expense
                 ,
                 he
                 unprofitably
                 recovered
                 his
                 own
                 Castles
                 in
                 Gascoign
                 :
                 a
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Labour
                 was
                 more
                 then
                 ever
                 the
                 Benefit
                 could
                 be
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 it
                 appeareth
                 to
                 have
                 continued
                 ;
                 for
                 an
                 .
                 17.
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 the
                 money
                 disbursed
                 out
                 of
                 England
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 surcharge
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 46595.
                 l.
                 9.
                 shillings
                 7d.
                 besides
                 29660.
                 
                 Q●arters
                 of
                 Gram
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Beeves
                 and
                 Bacons
                 an
                 infinite
                 proportion
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 b
                 the
                 issues
                 of
                 Gascoign
                 were
                 10000.
                 l.
                 above
                 the
                 Revenues
                 .
                 The
                 Signiories
                 in
                 Aquitain
                 c
                 cost
                 in
                 8.
                 years
                 ending
                 36.
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 ,
                 192599.
                 l.
                 4.
                 shill
                 .
                 5d.
                 
                   de
                   receptis
                   forinsicis
                
                 onely
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 delivered
                 in
                 Parliament
                 ,
                 an
                 .
                 1.
                 
                 Rich.
                 2.
                 d
                 that
                 Gascoign
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 other
                 places
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 held
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 cost
                 yearly
                 this
                 Crown
                 42000.
                 l.
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 17
                 th
                 .
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 e
                 a
                 Parliament
                 was
                 summoned
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 cause
                 especiall
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 provide
                 money
                 to
                 clear
                 the
                 annuall
                 expences
                 of
                 those
                 parts
                 .
                 The
                 charge
                 of
                 Bordeaux
                 f
                 but
                 one
                 Town
                 ,
                 surmounting
                 in
                 half
                 a
                 year
                 all
                 Rents
                 and
                 perquisites
                 there
                 2232.
                 l.
                 As
                 Fronsack
                 in
                 Aquita●n
                 5787.
                 l.
                 for
                 double
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 intire
                 Dutche
                 exceeded
                 not
                 820.
                 l.
                 in
                 yearly
                 Revenues
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Charge
                 of
                 Guien
                 all
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Henry
                 4.
                 g
                 was
                 2200
                 l.
                 annually
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 of
                 England
                 .
                 By
                 accompt
                 Aquitain
                 (
                 besides
                 
                   Guien
                   6606.
                   l.
                
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 h
                 first
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 fifth
                 in
                 surplussage
                 of
                 charge
                 11200.
                 l.
                 &
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 i
                 Bordeaux
                 the
                 5.
                 first
                 years
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 6815.
                 l.
                 In
                 the
                 11.
                 of
                 k
                 Henry
                 the
                 6.
                 
                 Sir
                 
                   Iohn
                   Radcliffe
                
                 Steward
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 received
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 
                   England
                   pro
                   vadiis
                   suis
                
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 2729.
                 l.
                 and
                 for
                 expense
                 in
                 custody
                 of
                 Fronsack
                 Castle
                 onely
                 he
                 payed
                 666.
                 l.
                 13.
                 shill
                 .
                 the
                 profits
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 no
                 wayes
                 able
                 to
                 cleare
                 the
                 Accompts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Benefit
                 we
                 reaped
                 by
                 any
                 footing
                 in
                 Britanny
                 ,
                 
                 may
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Examples
                 appeare
                 .
                 a
                 Henry
                 the
                 third
                 confesseth
                 that
                 
                   ad
                   defensionem
                   Britanniae
                   non
                   sufficiebant
                   Angliae
                   Thesauri
                   ,
                   quod
                   jam
                   per
                   triennium
                   compr●bavit
                   ,
                
                 that
                 the
                 Treasure
                 of
                 England
                 would
                 not
                 suffice
                 to
                 maintain
                 Britanny
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 upon
                 3
                 years
                 tryall
                 :
                 and
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 
                   tam
                   laboriosis
                   expensis
                   amplius
                   fatigari
                
                 ,
                 to
                 tire
                 himself
                 farther
                 with
                 such
                 toilsome
                 expenses
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Town
                 of
                 Brest
                 
                 b
                 cost
                 Richard
                 the
                 second
                 12000.
                 
                 Marks
                 a
                 year
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 stood
                 him
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 9.
                 in
                 13118.
                 l.
                 18.
                 shillings
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Callis
                 ,
                 I
                 will
                 deliver
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 shortness
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 acquisition
                 untill
                 the
                 losse
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 age
                 the
                 Expense
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 or
                 Customes
                 of
                 England
                 ,
                 )
                 disbursed
                 .
                 c
                 From
                 the
                 18.
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 untill
                 the
                 21.
                 in
                 which
                 space
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Charge
                 amounted
                 to
                 337400.
                 l.
                 9.
                 shil
                 .
                 4d.
                 Anno
                 28.
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 for
                 little
                 more
                 then
                 a
                 yeare
                 17847.
                 l.
                 5.
                 shillings
                 .
                 In
                 
                   an
                   .
                   29.
                   30581.
                   l.
                
                 18d.
                 for
                 2.
                 years
                 compleat
                 .
                 d
                 In
                 30.
                 received
                 by
                 
                   Richard
                   de
                   Eccleshal
                
                 Treasu●er
                 of
                 Callis
                 from
                 the
                 Bishop
                 of
                 Winchester
                 Treasurer
                 of
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   17847.
                   l.
                
                 e
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 yeare
                 following
                 26355
                 l.
                 15.
                 shillings
                 .
                 f
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 of
                 
                   Richard
                   2.
                   de
                   receptis
                   forinsecis
                
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 money
                 from
                 the
                 Exchequer
                 at
                 Westminster
                 ,
                 20000
                 l.
                 for
                 3
                 yeares
                 compleat
                 .
                 g
                 
                   Anno
                   5.
                   19783.
                   l.
                
                 For
                 three
                 yeares
                 ending
                 
                 a
                 
                   anno
                   10.
                   77375.
                   l.
                
                 For
                 the
                 like
                 term
                 untill
                 
                   ann
                   .
                   13.
                   48609.
                   l.
                
                 8.
                 shillings
                 .
                 And
                 b
                 for
                 the
                 4.
                 succeeding
                 yeares
                 90297.
                 l.
                 19.
                 shil
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 last
                 3
                 yeares
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 85643.
                 l.
                 
              
               
                 From
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 c
                 Richard
                 2.
                 untill
                 the
                 4
                 of
                 Henry
                 4.
                 for
                 3.
                 yeares
                 d
                 62655.
                 l.
                 17.
                 shillings
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 one
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 19783.
                 l.
                 The
                 Charge
                 in
                 Victuall
                 and
                 Provision
                 for
                 2
                 yeares
                 5.
                 moneths
                 in
                 this
                 Kings
                 Reign
                 e
                 46519
                 l.
                 15.
                 shillings
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 4.
                 and
                 peaceable
                 yeares
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 there
                 was
                 issued
                 from
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 England
                 f
                 86938.
                 l.
                 10.
                 shil
                 .
                 for
                 this
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 from
                 anno
                 8.
                 untill
                 the
                 9.
                 65363.
                 l.
                 It
                 cost
                 Henry
                 the
                 g
                 6.
                 above
                 all
                 Revenue
                 9054.
                 l.
                 5.
                 shillings
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 11.
                 
                 The
                 Subsidies
                 in
                 England
                 were
                 an
                 .
                 27.
                 h
                 levied
                 in
                 Parliament
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 wages
                 and
                 reparation
                 of
                 Callis
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 i
                 31.
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Fifteen
                 and
                 2.
                 shil
                 .
                 of
                 every
                 Sack
                 of
                 Wooll
                 imposed
                 upon
                 the
                 Subjects
                 here
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 end
                 .
                 k
                 And
                 the
                 Parliament
                 of
                 33.
                 was
                 assembled
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 order
                 a
                 course
                 for
                 discharge
                 of
                 wages
                 and
                 expence
                 at
                 Callis
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 authority
                 directed
                 4.
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 fourth
                 ,
                 l
                 that
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 there
                 should
                 receive
                 Victualls
                 and
                 salary
                 from
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Subsidies
                 of
                 England
                 .
                 The
                 disbursement
                 thereof
                 one
                 yeare
                 being
                 12771.
                 l.
                 m
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 16.
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 King
                 for
                 like
                 term
                 there
                 was
                 
                   de
                   Portu
                   London
                   ,
                   Hull
                   ,
                   Sancti
                   Botolphi
                   ,
                   Poole
                   ,
                   &
                   Sandwico
                   ,
                
                 by
                 the
                 Ports
                 of
                 
                   London
                   ,
                   Hull
                   ,
                   Boston
                   ,
                   Pool
                   ,
                
                 &
                 Sandwich
                 ,
                 12488.
                 l.
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 Callis
                 .
                 n
                 And
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 20.
                 from
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Customes
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Ports
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 end
                 12290.
                 l.
                 18.
                 shillings
                 .
                 o
                 And
                 in
                 22.
                 11102.
                 l.
                 And
                 the
                 year
                 following
                 10788.
                 l.
                 The
                 setled
                 ordinary
                 wages
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Garrison
                 in
                 this
                 Town
                 yearly
                 was
                 24.
                 
                 a
                 
                   Henry
                   8.8834
                   .
                   l.
                
                 And
                 about
                 30
                 th
                 .
                 when
                 the
                 Viscount
                 Lisle
                 was
                 
                   Deputy
                   ,
                   8117.
                   l.
                
                 And
                 from
                 the
                 30
                 th
                 .
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 Edw.
                 6.
                 this
                 place
                 did
                 cost
                 the
                 Crown
                 371428.
                 l.
                 18.
                 shil
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 first
                 purchase
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 untill
                 the
                 losse
                 thereof
                 by
                 
                   Queen
                   Mary
                
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 ever
                 a
                 perpetuall
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Treasure
                 of
                 this
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 in
                 continuance
                 have
                 rather
                 grown
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 burthen
                 of
                 Danger
                 to
                 us
                 ,
                 then
                 any
                 Fort
                 of
                 Security
                 .
                 For
                 from
                 the
                 waste
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 
                   Nervus
                   Reipublicae
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Sinew
                 of
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 as
                 Ulpian
                 saith
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 conclude
                 with
                 
                   Tacitus
                   ,
                   Dissolutionem
                   Imperii
                   docet
                   ,
                   si
                   fructus
                   quibus
                   Respub
                   .
                   sustinetur
                   diminuantur
                   ,
                
                 it
                 foreshews
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 an
                 Empire
                 ,
                 if
                 that
                 be
                 impaired
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 sustenance
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 worst
                 opinion
                 (
                 at
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 the
                 Captivity
                 of
                 Francis
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 incited
                 b
                 Henry
                 the
                 8.
                 to
                 put
                 off
                 that
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 although
                 in
                 the
                 close
                 
                   major
                   pars
                   vicit
                   meliorem
                
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 party
                 out-voted
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 to
                 gain
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 France
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 chargeable
                 then
                 profitable
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 keeping
                 more
                 then
                 the
                 enjoying
                 .
                 The
                 issue
                 was
                 in
                 
                   Tournay
                   ,
                   Bullen
                
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Town
                 manifest
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 jealousy
                 that
                 Nation
                 ever
                 held
                 over
                 our
                 designes
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 liberty
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 
                   Graecia
                   libera
                   esse
                   non
                   potuit
                   dum
                   Philippus
                   Graeciae
                   Compedes
                   tenuit
                   ,
                   Greece
                
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 free
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 Philip
                 had
                 the
                 Fetters
                 of
                 Greece
                 in
                 his
                 custody
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 by
                 retention
                 of
                 Callis
                 we
                 had
                 an
                 easy
                 descent
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 convenient
                 place
                 to
                 trouble
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 a
                 Fetter
                 to
                 intangle
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 neither
                 has
                 assurance
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 
                 quiet
                 ,
                 nor
                 we
                 of
                 their
                 Amity
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Argument
                 from
                 Conveniencie
                 in
                 the
                 detention
                 of
                 Callis
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 8
                 yeares
                 expired
                 of
                 Re-delivery
                 )
                 used
                 by
                 the
                 Chancellour
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 a
                 That
                 we
                 should
                 gain
                 much
                 more
                 in
                 assured
                 peace
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 could
                 never
                 have
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 Lords
                 of
                 that
                 Town
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 any
                 benefit
                 it
                 did
                 or
                 could
                 yield
                 us
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 never
                 but
                 a
                 Pike
                 and
                 Quarrell
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Realms
                 :
                 For
                 upon
                 every
                 light
                 displeasure
                 ,
                 either
                 Princes
                 would
                 take
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 to
                 Callis
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 war
                 there
                 .
                 God
                 hath
                 made
                 a
                 separation
                 naturall
                 betwixt
                 both
                 Nations
                 ,
                 a
                 sure
                 wall
                 and
                 defence
                 ,
                 
                   
                     Et
                     penitus
                     toto
                     divisos
                     Orbe
                     Britannos
                     ;
                  
                
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 English
                 were
                 divided
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 world
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 to
                 inform
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 these
                 Charges
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 amisse
                 to
                 touch
                 (
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 comfort
                 )
                 that
                 from
                 which
                 we
                 are
                 so
                 happily
                 by
                 the
                 infinite
                 blessings
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 benignity
                 of
                 a
                 Gracious
                 King
                 delivered
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 that
                 other
                 of
                 burthen
                 still
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 much
                 lightened
                 )
                 untill
                 conformity
                 of
                 Affections
                 and
                 designs
                 of
                 Councells
                 shall
                 further
                 effect
                 a
                 Remedie
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Charge
                 of
                 Barwick
                 and
                 the
                 Frontiers
                 in
                 20.
                 
                 b
                 Edward
                 .
                 3.
                 was
                 3129.
                 l.
                 for
                 three
                 yeares
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Richard
                 2.
                 &
                 entrance
                 of
                 Henry
                 the
                 4.
                 c
                 10153.
                 l.
                 And
                 d
                 11.
                 of
                 Henry
                 6.
                 the
                 Custodie
                 of
                 the
                 Marches
                 4766.
                 l.
                 In
                 the
                 2.
                 
                 Mariae
                 the
                 annuall
                 Charge
                 of
                 Barwick
                 was
                 9413.
                 l.
                 e
                 And
                 in
                 
                   an
                   .
                   2.
                   
                   Elizabeth
                   13430.
                   l.
                
                 And
                 
                   an
                   .
                   26.
                   12391.
                   l.
                
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 Ireland
                 ,
                 beyond
                 the
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 was
                 29.
                 
                 E.
                 3.
                 f
                 2285.
                 
                 
                   l.
                   An.
                
                 30.
                 g
                 2880.
                 l.
                 and
                 h
                 an
                 .
                 
                 50.
                 1808.
                 l.
                 All
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Richard
                 2.
                 i
                 it
                 never
                 defrayed
                 the
                 charges
                 ;
                 And
                 came
                 short
                 
                 in
                 11.
                 
                 Henry
                 6.
                 4000.
                 
                 Marks
                 a
                 of
                 annuall
                 issues
                 .
                 The
                 Revenue
                 there
                 in
                 
                   omnibus
                   exitibus
                   &
                   proficuis
                
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 rents
                 and
                 profits
                 yearly
                 ,
                 by
                 Accompt
                 of
                 Cromwell
                 Lord
                 Treasurer
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 3040.
                 l.
                 But
                 passing
                 over
                 these
                 elder
                 times
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 yearly
                 Revenue
                 was
                 not
                 15000.
                 l.
                 the
                 expence
                 for
                 2.
                 years
                 b
                 ending
                 1571.
                 amounted
                 to
                 116874.
                 l.
                 In
                 anno
                 1584.
                 for
                 lesse
                 then
                 2
                 yeares
                 came
                 it
                 to
                 86983.
                 l.
                 c
                 The
                 charge
                 there
                 in
                 two
                 years
                 of
                 S.
                 
                   Iohn
                   Parrots
                
                 government
                 ending
                 1586.
                 was
                 116368.
                 l.
                 In
                 anno
                 1597.
                 the
                 Receipt
                 not
                 above
                 25000.
                 l.
                 the
                 issue
                 was
                 91072.
                 l.
                 And
                 when
                 in
                 35.
                 
                 Elizabeth
                 the
                 Rents
                 and
                 Profits
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdome
                 exceeded
                 not
                 27118.
                 l.
                 the
                 Disbursments
                 in
                 7
                 moneths
                 were
                 171883.
                 l.
                 The
                 Charge
                 1601.
                 d
                 for
                 9
                 moneths
                 167987.
                 l.
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 two
                 yeares
                 following
                 accounted
                 by
                 the
                 allayed
                 money
                 670403.
                 l.
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 84179.
                 l.
                 Whose
                 government
                 although
                 it
                 hath
                 blessed
                 both
                 us
                 and
                 that
                 Kingdome
                 with
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 yet
                 hath
                 it
                 not
                 delivered
                 himself
                 from
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 yearly
                 expence
                 here
                 for
                 supportation
                 of
                 that
                 State
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Treasure
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 far
                 in
                 answer
                 of
                 the
                 Argument
                 from
                 increase
                 of
                 Revenue
                 by
                 forreign
                 Dominions
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Arguments
                 of
                 Honour
                 by
                 addition
                 of
                 Titles
                 and
                 forreign
                 Territories
                 ;
                 
                 it
                 may
                 suffice
                 in
                 answer
                 ,
                 That
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 this
                 Crown
                 was
                 actually
                 possessed
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 Signiorie
                 ,
                 the
                 Tenure
                 and
                 Service
                 did
                 ever
                 bring
                 with
                 it
                 a
                 note
                 and
                 badge
                 of
                 Vassallage
                 ;
                 then
                 which
                 nothing
                 to
                 so
                 free
                 a
                 Monarch
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 e
                 
                   Monarcha
                   in
                   Regno
                   ,
                   &
                   tot
                   &
                   tanta
                   habet
                   
                   Privilegia
                   quot
                   Imperator
                   in
                   Imperio
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Monarch
                 his
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 as
                 many
                 and
                 as
                 large
                 Priviledges
                 therein
                 as
                 an
                 Emperour
                 in
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 )
                 could
                 be
                 more
                 in
                 blemish
                 or
                 opposition
                 .
                 To
                 write
                 
                   Domino
                   Regi
                   nostro
                   Franciae
                
                 ,
                 To
                 our
                 Lord
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 as
                 during
                 the
                 time
                 we
                 held
                 the
                 Provinces
                 in
                 France
                 we
                 usually
                 did
                 in
                 all
                 our
                 Letters
                 and
                 publick
                 Contracts
                 with
                 that
                 Crown
                 ,
                 can
                 be
                 called
                 no
                 addition
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
                 And
                 whether
                 upon
                 every
                 command
                 to
                 act
                 in
                 person
                 those
                 base
                 services
                 of
                 Homage
                 and
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 as
                 first
                 in
                 putting
                 off
                 the
                 
                   Imperiall
                   Crown
                
                 ,
                 the
                 kneeling
                 low
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 that
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 an
                 oath
                 to
                 become
                 
                   Homme
                   liege
                   du
                   Roys
                   de
                   France
                   ,
                
                 a
                 liege
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   &c.
                
                 we
                 in
                 performing
                 so
                 the
                 duties
                 of
                 a
                 Subject
                 ,
                 do
                 not
                 much
                 more
                 disparage
                 the
                 dignity
                 of
                 a
                 Soveraign
                 ,
                 is
                 no
                 question
                 of
                 doubt
                 .
                 From
                 these
                 considerations
                 of
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Honour
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 greatest
                 stayes
                 that
                 support
                 Majestie
                 ,
                 and
                 retain
                 Obedience
                 )
                 our
                 Kings
                 of
                 England
                 have
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 forfeit
                 of
                 those
                 Signiories
                 ,
                 either
                 avoided
                 or
                 refused
                 the
                 services
                 .
                 As
                 
                   King
                   Iohn
                
                 did
                 Normandy
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 Edward
                 the
                 2.
                 resigned
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 off
                 the
                 act
                 of
                 homage
                 from
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 his
                 Regaltie
                 but
                 be
                 in
                 dishonour
                 .
                 As
                 appeareth
                 in
                 Henry
                 the
                 2.
                 who
                 having
                 made
                 his
                 Son
                 
                   Consortem
                   Imperii
                
                 ,
                 a
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   Homagium
                   à
                   Filio
                   noluit
                
                 (
                 saith
                 the
                 Record
                 )
                 
                   quia
                   Rex
                   fuit
                   ,
                   sed
                   securitatem
                   accepit
                
                 ;
                 would
                 not
                 receive
                 Homage
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 took
                 his
                 Security
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 17.
                 of
                 Richard
                 2.
                 the
                 Lords
                 and
                 Justices
                 would
                 not
                 consent
                 to
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 France
                 ,
                 unlesse
                 the
                 King
                 might
                 not
                 
                 do
                 Homage
                 ,
                 they
                 held
                 it
                 so
                 base
                 ,
                 supposing
                 thereby
                 the
                 liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Person
                 and
                 Subject
                 wronged
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 Reputation
                 that
                 either
                 in
                 Title
                 or
                 Territorie
                 those
                 subordinate
                 Dutchies
                 in
                 France
                 added
                 to
                 this
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 England
                 were
                 so
                 little
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 that
                 Title
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 Honour
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 Acts
                 of
                 Parliament
                 14.
                 
                 Edward
                 3.
                 and
                 8.
                 
                 Edward
                 5.
                 they
                 provided
                 that
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 England
                 should
                 owe
                 no
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 England
                 be
                 in
                 any
                 wise
                 subjected
                 by
                 such
                 Union
                 to
                 that
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 much
                 we
                 have
                 ever
                 been
                 in
                 fear
                 of
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 
                 lest
                 it
                 might
                 leave
                 this
                 State
                 to
                 the
                 misery
                 of
                 a
                 Provinciall
                 Government
                 as
                 in
                 17.
                 of
                 Henry
                 6.
                 the
                 Commons
                 urged
                 to
                 contribute
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 that
                 Crown
                 ,
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 any
                 footing
                 in
                 France
                 would
                 induce
                 the
                 Kings
                 aboad
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 such
                 absence
                 cause
                 great
                 decay
                 and
                 desolation
                 in
                 this
                 State
                 ;
                 besides
                 the
                 transport
                 of
                 our
                 Money
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 inrich
                 that
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 impoverish
                 the
                 Realm
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 whereby
                 we
                 should
                 justly
                 again
                 say
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Britannia
                   servitutem
                   suum
                   quotidie
                   emit
                   ,
                   quotidie
                   poscit
                   ,
                
                 The
                 Britans
                 are
                 every
                 day
                 begging
                 to
                 be
                 slaves
                 ,
                 every
                 day
                 giving
                 money
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 last
                 motive
                 is
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 advantage
                 we
                 now
                 have
                 of
                 greater
                 Facilitie
                 and
                 assurance
                 of
                 Successe
                 in
                 any
                 forreign
                 enterprise
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 happy
                 Union
                 of
                 both
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 then
                 ever
                 any
                 of
                 our
                 Ancestours
                 had
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 which
                 is
                 answer
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 full
                 ,
                 
                 then
                 laying
                 down
                 the
                 motives
                 and
                 means
                 that
                 led
                 on
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 this
                 Realm
                 to
                 attempt
                 and
                 prosperously
                 effect
                 their
                 undertakings
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 weigh
                 how
                 they
                 suite
                 these
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 whether
                 that
                 any
                 or
                 all
                 the
                 advantages
                 we
                 now
                 have
                 may
                 be
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 equall
                 worth
                 and
                 valuation
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 consideration
                 is
                 in
                 Place
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 next
                 in
                 Person
                 .
                 
                 In
                 the
                 wars
                 of
                 France
                 (
                 whether
                 those
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 particular
                 Signiories
                 ,
                 or
                 competition
                 of
                 the
                 intite
                 Kingdome
                 )
                 we
                 had
                 ever
                 Ports
                 to
                 land
                 at
                 ,
                 &
                 Forts
                 to
                 retire
                 to
                 ,
                 which
                 now
                 we
                 have
                 not
                 .
                 The
                 coast
                 of
                 Normandy
                 was
                 our
                 own
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 we
                 might
                 enter
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 And
                 Edward
                 3.
                 when
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 annoy
                 the
                 East
                 part
                 ,
                 sided
                 with
                 Montfort
                 against
                 
                   Charles
                   de
                   Bloys
                
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Britain
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 there
                 an
                 easy
                 footing
                 .
                 Thus
                 by
                 leave
                 of
                 his
                 Confederats
                 in
                 Flanders
                 he
                 had
                 safe
                 entrance
                 for
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 sure
                 retreat
                 ,
                 when
                 upon
                 any
                 occasion
                 he
                 would
                 come
                 back
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 Antwerp
                 .
                 And
                 wheresoever
                 any
                 army
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 quiet
                 descent
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 difficultie
                 is
                 overcome
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 consisteth
                 in
                 Chance
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Fortune
                 is
                 rather
                 wont
                 to
                 prevaile
                 then
                 Vertue
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 
                   ibi
                   grave
                   est
                   Bellum
                   gerere
                   ,
                   ubi
                   nullus
                   est
                   Classi
                   Portus
                   apertus
                   ,
                   non
                   ager
                   pacatus
                   ,
                   non
                   Civitas
                   Socia
                   ,
                   non
                   consistendi
                   aut
                   procedendi
                   locus
                   ,
                   quocunque
                   circumspexeris
                   hostilia
                   sunt
                   omnia
                
                 ;
                 There
                 't
                 is
                 a
                 hard
                 task
                 to
                 wage
                 war
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 Port
                 open
                 for
                 our
                 Navy
                 ,
                 the
                 Countrey
                 our
                 enemy
                 ,
                 no
                 City
                 our
                 Confederate
                 ,
                 no
                 place
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 stand
                 or
                 to
                 march
                 out
                 from
                 ,
                 but
                 whithersoever
                 a
                 man
                 looks
                 ,
                 he
                 can
                 see
                 nothing
                 but
                 hostile
                 intentions
                 
                 against
                 us
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 must
                 be
                 now
                 our
                 case
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 never
                 our
                 Ancestours
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Advantage
                   personall
                   was
                   either
                   
                     
                       A
                       Party
                       
                         
                           found
                           
                             
                               made
                               .
                            
                          
                        
                         
                           Confederates
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 Persons
                 considerable
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Subjects
                 to
                 our
                 enemies
                 ,
                 or
                 our
                 own
                 Confederats
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 our
                 Kings
                 heretofore
                 did
                 either
                 work
                 upon
                 the
                 opportunity
                 of
                 any
                 dissension
                 ministred
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Pension
                 &
                 Reward
                 either
                 make
                 a
                 fraction
                 in
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 or
                 Neutrality
                 in
                 Assistance
                 with
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 their
                 Adversary
                 .
                 The
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Burgundy
                   ,
                   Earls
                
                 of
                 
                   Britain
                   ,
                   Dreux
                
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 offended
                 with
                 their
                 Sovereign
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Confoederati
                   erant
                   Comiti
                   Britanniae
                   Henrico
                   &
                   Regi
                   Angliae
                   ,
                
                 became
                 Confederates
                 with
                 Henry
                 Earle
                 of
                 Britain
                 and
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 drew
                 him
                 over
                 into
                 Britain
                 .
                 b
                 The
                 same
                 King
                 by
                 yearly
                 Pensions
                 of
                 7000.
                 l.
                 kept
                 divers
                 in
                 Poictou
                 in
                 fraction
                 against
                 their
                 Lord
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 Loyaltie
                 .
                 Edward
                 3.
                 had
                 never
                 undertaken
                 the
                 conquest
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 if
                 c
                 
                   Robert
                   de
                   Artoys
                
                 (
                 displeased
                 with
                 the
                 Sentence
                 of
                 Philip
                 his
                 Master
                 for
                 that
                 Earldome
                 )
                 had
                 not
                 incited
                 and
                 complotted
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Godfrey
                 of
                 Harecourt
                 did
                 after
                 .
                 Nor
                 Henry
                 d
                 5.
                 if
                 the
                 unsound
                 memory
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 the
                 jealousy
                 of
                 those
                 Princes
                 &
                 
                   Orleantial
                   Faction
                
                 had
                 not
                 made
                 his
                 way
                 and
                 Fortune
                 .
              
               
                 THe
                 Confederates
                 our
                 Kings
                 held
                 formerly
                 for
                 mutuall
                 Aide
                 were
                 of
                 such
                 consequence
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 affairs
                 ,
                 
                 
                 that
                 those
                 so
                 best
                 strengthened
                 atchieved
                 ever
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 glorious
                 victories
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 first
                 the
                 3d.
                 Edwards
                 ,
                 the
                 5
                 th
                 .
                 and
                 8th
                 .
                 Henries
                 .
                 Whereas
                 Henry
                 the
                 sixth
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 left
                 most
                 naked
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 greatest
                 otherwise
                 in
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 lost
                 all
                 the
                 purchase
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestours
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 amisse
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 foundation
                 of
                 Greatness
                 as
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 successively
                 ,
                 first
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 we
                 tied
                 that
                 knot
                 of
                 love
                 ;
                 then
                 ,
                 what
                 were
                 the
                 motives
                 or
                 assurances
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 same
                 in
                 both
                 is
                 left
                 to
                 our
                 occasions
                 and
                 will
                 now
                 or
                 no.
                 
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 to
                 assure
                 his
                 own
                 posses
                 sions
                 beyond
                 Sea
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   adscivit
                   in
                   praesidium
                   Comitem
                   Britanniae
                   ,
                   &
                   Theobaldum
                   Comitem
                   Blesensem
                   ,
                
                 called
                 to
                 his
                 aide
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Britain
                 ,
                 and
                 Theobald
                 Earle
                 of
                 Bloys
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 second
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 with
                 b
                 Robert
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 .
                 And
                 again
                 c
                 
                   cum
                   Theodorico
                   Comite
                   Flandriae
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Baronibus
                   ,
                   Castellanis
                   ,
                   &
                   caeteris
                   hominibus
                   Comitis
                   ,
                
                 with
                 Theodoric
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 the
                 Barons
                 ,
                 Governours
                 of
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 the
                 said
                 Earle
                 ;
                 who
                 stood
                 bound
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 
                   in
                   summonitione
                   sua
                   ,
                   sicut
                   Domino
                   ,
                   pro
                   feodis
                   quae
                   de
                   ipso
                   teneant
                   ,
                
                 upon
                 a
                 summons
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 their
                 own
                 Lord
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Fees
                 which
                 they
                 held
                 of
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Baldwin
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 contracteth
                 under
                 Bond
                 d
                 
                   mutui
                   subsidii
                   ,
                   quod
                   sine
                   Rege
                   Richardo
                   Angliae
                   non
                   componeret
                   cum
                   Rege
                   Francorum
                   ,
                
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 agreement
                 with
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 without
                 Richard
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 e
                 
                   Britains
                   relicto
                   Rege
                   Franciae
                   Regi
                   Richardo
                   adhaeserunt
                   ,
                
                 
                 forsaking
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 did
                 joyn
                 with
                 King
                 Richard.
                 
              
               
                 Between
                 King
                 Iohn
                 a
                 and
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Combination
                 
                   mutui
                   auxilii
                   contra
                   Regem
                   Francorum
                
                 ,
                 
                 of
                 mutuall
                 assistance
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King.
                 b
                 The
                 like
                 with
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Doway
                 and
                 Earle
                 of
                 Holland
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 3.
                 
                 an
                 .
                 11.
                 drew
                 c
                 Peter
                 Duke
                 of
                 Britany
                 into
                 Confederacy
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 ;
                 and
                 Fernand
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 with
                 a
                 Pension
                 annuall
                 of
                 500.
                 
                 Ma●ks
                 .
                 d
                 And
                 
                   anno
                   38.
                   
                   Alfonsus
                
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 combineth
                 with
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 heirs
                 
                   contra
                   omnes
                   hom●nes
                   in
                   mundo
                
                 ,
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 men
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 remained
                 so
                 constant
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 .
                 8.
                 and
                 10.
                 
                 Edw.
                 1.
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 grant
                 a
                 Truce
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 
                   ad
                   preces
                   &
                   instantiam
                
                 at
                 the
                 instant
                 suit
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 1.
                 
                 an
                 .
                 13.
                 e
                 by
                 a
                 pretence
                 of
                 inter-marriage
                 d●ew
                 Florence
                 Earle
                 of
                 Holland
                 from
                 the
                 French
                 to
                 his
                 party
                 :
                 
                 and
                 the
                 yeare
                 following
                 ,
                 by
                 mediation
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 Black-mont
                 ,
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 g
                 an
                 .
                 ●0
                 .
                 assisted
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 wars
                 of
                 Gascoign
                 .
                 h
                 In
                 the
                 22.
                 he
                 combined
                 with
                 Adolph
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Gueldres
                 ;
                 tying
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Burgund●e
                 with
                 a
                 yearly
                 donative
                 of
                 30000.
                 
                   l.
                   Turonensium
                
                 to
                 aid
                 him
                 
                   contra
                   Regem
                   Franciae
                
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King.
                 i
                 He
                 had
                 Guido
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 and
                 Philip
                 his
                 son
                 for
                 100000.
                 
                   l.
                   Turonensium
                
                 in
                 pay
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 an
                 .
                 24
                 ,
                 25
                 ,
                 and
                 31.
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ;
                 k
                 retaining
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Gueldres
                 by
                 pay
                 of
                 1000000.
                 l.
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Lorrain
                 by
                 1600000.
                 l.
                 l
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 by
                 a
                 Pension
                 of
                 30000.
                 l.
                 and
                 Wallerand
                 Lord
                 of
                 Montay
                 by
                 300.
                 
                   l.
                   Turonensium
                
                 
                 in
                 his
                 service
                 the
                 same
                 yeare
                 .
                 a
                 And
                 in
                 
                   an
                   .
                   34.
                   
                   Reginaldum
                   Comitem
                   Montis
                   Beliardi
                   &
                   alios
                   de
                   Burgundia
                   contra
                   Regem
                   Franciae
                   ,
                   Reginald
                
                 Earle
                 of
                 Mont-Belliard
                 and
                 other
                 Burgundians
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 2.
                 
                 had
                 b
                 
                   auxilium
                   tam
                   maritimum
                   quam
                   terrestre
                   à
                   Genoensibus
                   ,
                
                 assistance
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 Sea
                 as
                 by
                 Land
                 from
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 .
                 c
                 And
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 18.
                 besides
                 his
                 Alliance
                 with
                 
                   Flanders
                   ,
                   Iohn
                   Protectour
                   of
                   Castile
                
                 aideth
                 him
                 
                   contra
                   Gallos
                   cum
                   1000.
                   equitibus
                   &
                   peditibus
                   ,
                   &
                   Scutiferis
                
                 10000.
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 with
                 1000.
                 horse
                 and
                 foot
                 ,
                 and
                 10000
                 other
                 armed
                 men
                 .
              
               
                 Edward
                 the
                 3.
                 d
                 had
                 by
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Henault
                 &
                 Holland
                 her
                 Father
                 assured
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 retained
                 Iohn
                 of
                 Henault
                 and
                 his
                 Followers
                 ,
                 e
                 
                   qui
                   venerunt
                   in
                   auxilium
                   adrogatum
                   Regis
                   ,
                
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 King
                 at
                 his
                 call
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Salary
                 of
                 14000.
                 l.
                 yearly
                 .
                 Before
                 he
                 adventured
                 to
                 avow
                 and
                 maintain
                 his
                 Challenge
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 f
                 he
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 his
                 partie
                 Lodowick
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 countenance
                 his
                 enterprise
                 ,
                 elected
                 him
                 
                   Vicarium
                   Imperii
                
                 ,
                 Vicar
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 )
                 g
                 Reginald
                 Earle
                 of
                 
                   Geldres
                   ,
                   Lewis
                
                 Marquesse
                 of
                 
                   Brandenburg
                   ,
                   Conrade
                
                 Lord
                 of
                 Hard
                 ,
                 who
                 served
                 him
                 with
                 50.
                 men
                 at
                 Armes
                 ,
                 the
                 Cardinall
                 of
                 Genoa
                 and
                 his
                 Nephew
                 ,
                 who
                 aided
                 him
                 with
                 Galleys
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 
                   Colen
                   ,
                   Bruxells
                   ,
                   Lorrain
                
                 and
                 Mechlin
                 ,
                 and
                 h
                 
                   Iaques
                   de
                   Artevile
                
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Gantois
                 Faction
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 quitted
                 all
                 duty
                 to
                 the
                 banished
                 Earle
                 ,
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 Flanders
                 to
                 the
                 service
                 and
                 protection
                 of
                 Edward
                 3.
                 who
                 to
                 free
                 them
                 
                 of
                 two
                 Millions
                 of
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 wherein
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Caution
                 of
                 obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 a
                 they
                 stood
                 bound
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 Oath
                 as
                 Obligation
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 imployed
                 Iohn
                 Duke
                 of
                 Brabant
                 and
                 
                   Lorrain
                   ,
                   William
                
                 Marquesse
                 of
                 Iuliers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 Henault
                 and
                 Holland
                 ,
                 his
                 assured
                 Friends
                 ,
                 
                   Procuratores
                   suos
                   ad
                   vend
                   candum
                   Regnum
                   Franciae
                   ,
                
                 his
                 Procurators
                 to
                 claim
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 b
                 These
                 his
                 Allyes
                 nor
                 long
                 after
                 meeting
                 him
                 at
                 Tournay
                 with
                 100000.
                 men
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Robert
                   de
                   Artoys
                
                 did
                 with
                 50000.
                 at
                 S.
                 Omers
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King.
                 And
                 thus
                 he
                 attired
                 and
                 furnished
                 his
                 first
                 enterprise
                 ,
                 weaving
                 into
                 his
                 Faction
                 and
                 support
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 either
                 pretence
                 or
                 just
                 occasions
                 would
                 give
                 him
                 leave
                 .
                 By
                 c
                 colour
                 of
                 Marriage
                 he
                 drew
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Sicilie
                 in
                 the
                 18
                 th
                 .
                 year
                 ,
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Millain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 for
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 ;
                 and
                 d
                 
                   Simon
                   But
                   angre
                
                 Duke
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Subjects
                 for
                 hire
                 and
                 reward
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 19.
                 yeare
                 e
                 the
                 questionable
                 Title
                 of
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Britain
                 assured
                 him
                 of
                 
                   Iohn
                   de
                   Montford
                
                 ;
                 against
                 whom
                 the
                 f
                 French
                 King
                 maintained
                 
                   Charles
                   de
                   Bloys
                
                 for
                 that
                 Dutchie
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 24.
                 g
                 he
                 renewed
                 the
                 Contract
                 with
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 30.
                 made
                 a
                 convention
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 &
                 
                   mutul
                   auxilii
                   cum
                   Rege
                   Navarrae
                
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 .
                 In
                 h
                 the
                 37.
                 with
                 Peter
                 King
                 of
                 Castile
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 and
                 41.
                 i
                 an
                 alliance
                 of
                 Aide
                 and
                 Amity
                 .
                 he
                 entred
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Britain
                 :
                 and
                 an
                 .
                 45.
                 K
                 again
                 with
                 the
                 Genoeses
                 and
                 Lewis
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 and
                 Duke
                 of
                 Brabant
                 :
                 l
                 and
                 an
                 .
                 46.
                 with
                 Ferdinand
                 King
                 of
                 Portugall
                 .
              
               
                 Richard
                 the
                 second
                 rene
                 weth
                 m
                 in
                 an
                 ,
                 
                 I.
                 the
                 
                 confederation
                 that
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 had
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Britain
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 whom
                 anno
                 3.
                 he
                 contracted
                 anew
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 anno
                 2.
                 with
                 Lewis
                 a
                 Earle
                 of
                 Flanders
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 6.
                 b
                 yeare
                 he
                 combineth
                 with
                 the
                 Flemings
                 c
                 
                   contra
                   intmicos
                   communes
                
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 enemies
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 ;
                 with
                 d
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Naples
                   ,
                   Sicille
                   ,
                   Navarre
                
                 and
                 
                   Arragon
                   ,
                   de
                   mutuis
                   auxiliis
                
                 ,
                 for
                 mutual
                 ai●e
                 ;
                 e
                 &
                 with
                 Wenceslaus
                 the
                 Emperour
                 
                   contra
                   Carclum
                   Regem
                   Franciae
                   &
                   Robertum
                   Regem
                   Scotiae
                   ,
                
                 against
                 Charles
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 Robert
                 King
                 of
                 Scotland
                 .
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 8.
                 f
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Ierusalem
                   ,
                   Sicilie
                
                 ,
                 &
                 Portugall
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 10.
                 with
                 Portugall
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 charges
                 aided
                 this
                 King
                 with
                 10.
                 
                 Galleys
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 William
                 Duke
                 of
                 
                   Gueldres
                   de
                   mutuis
                   auxiliis
                
                 ,
                 for
                 mutual1
                 aide
                 .
                 And
                 an
                 .
                 12.
                 g
                 18.
                 and
                 19.
                 with
                 Albert
                 Duke
                 of
                 .
                 Bavaria
                 .
                 h
                 And
                 an
                 .
                 20.
                 with
                 the
                 Earle
                 of
                 
                   Ostrenant
                   de
                   retinentiis
                   contra
                   Regem
                   Franciae
                   ,
                
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 .
                 And
                 
                   Rupertus
                   Count
                   Palatine
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Rhene
                   an
                
                 .
                 20.
                 became
                 a
                 Homager
                 for
                 term
                 of
                 life
                 to
                 this
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 Henry
                 4.
                 entred
                 alliance
                 i
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aid
                 in
                 2.
                 yeares
                 with
                 William
                 Duke
                 of
                 Gueldres
                 and
                 Mons.
                 k
                 In
                 the
                 12
                 th
                 .
                 with
                 Sigismond
                 King
                 of
                 Hungaria
                 .
                 l
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 13.
                 by
                 fiding
                 with
                 the
                 Factions
                 of
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Berry
                 and
                 Orleans
                 ,
                 layed
                 the
                 basis
                 upon
                 which
                 his
                 Son
                 that
                 succeeded
                 reared
                 the
                 Trophies
                 of
                 his
                 Renown
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Henry
                 the
                 fifth
                 going
                 forward
                 upon
                 the
                 Advantage
                 left
                 and
                 daily
                 offered
                 ,
                 strengthened
                 himself
                 anno
                 4.
                 m
                 by
                 a
                 League
                 perpetuall
                 with
                 Sigismond
                 the
                 Emperour
                 ;
                 renewing
                 that
                 of
                 Richard
                 the
                 2.
                 n
                 with
                 Iohn
                 King
                 of
                 Portugall
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Father
                 had
                 done
                 .
                 He
                 entred
                 a
                 contract
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Britain
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 Ierusalem
                 and
                 Lewis
                 her
                 Son
                 for
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Anlou
                 and
                 Mayn
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Portugall
                 and
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bavaria
                 for
                 supplie
                 of
                 men
                 &
                 Munition
                 by
                 them
                 performed
                 .
                 a
                 And
                 the
                 yeare
                 before
                 the
                 battle
                 of
                 Agincourt
                 sendeth
                 the
                 
                   Lord
                   Henry
                   Scrope
                
                 to
                 contract
                 with
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Burgundie
                 b
                 &
                 his
                 Retinue
                 for
                 Wages
                 
                   in
                   servitio
                   suo
                   in
                   Regno
                   Franciae
                   vel
                   Ducatu
                   Aquitaniae
                   ,
                
                 in
                 his
                 service
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Dutchy
                 of
                 Aquitain
                 ;
                 esteeming
                 the
                 alliance
                 of
                 that
                 house
                 the
                 rea●iest
                 means
                 the
                 attaine
                 his
                 end
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 6.
                 
                 c
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 held
                 the
                 Amity
                 of
                 Britain
                 (
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 contracted
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 confederacy
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 his
                 friend
                 or
                 eldest
                 assurance
                 and
                 best
                 advantage
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 the
                 16
                 th
                 .
                 yeare
                 of
                 his
                 government
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 great
                 decline
                 of
                 his
                 Fortune
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Burgundy
                 d
                 brake
                 the
                 bond
                 of
                 our
                 assurance
                 ,
                 &
                 betook
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Amity
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 dealt
                 with
                 this
                 Crown
                 but
                 as
                 a
                 Merchant
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 intercourse
                 ,
                 first
                 at
                 the
                 Treaty
                 of
                 e
                 Bruges
                 1442.
                 then
                 at
                 f
                 Callis
                 1446.
                 the
                 reputation
                 and
                 interest
                 we
                 held
                 in
                 France
                 declined
                 faster
                 in
                 the
                 setting
                 of
                 this
                 Son
                 ,
                 then
                 ever
                 it
                 increased
                 in
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 Edward
                 the
                 fourth
                 who
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 sensible
                 of
                 this
                 losse
                 ,
                 woed
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 means
                 either
                 of
                 Intercourse
                 or
                 Marriage
                 to
                 winne
                 again
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 ,
                 g
                 which
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 7.
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 to
                 joyn
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 his
                 right
                 in
                 France
                 .
                 h
                 And
                 drew
                 in
                 the
                 yeare
                 following
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Britain
                 to
                 that
                 Confederacy
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 i
                 11.
                 yeare
                 he
                 renewed
                 with
                 Charles
                 of
                 Burgundie
                 .
                 the
                 bond
                 of
                 mutuall
                 Aide
                 ;
                 and
                 contracted
                 the
                 next
                 k
                 yeare
                 the
                 like
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Portugal
                 .
                 
                 And
                 in
                 
                   an
                   .
                   14.
                   pro
                   recuperatione
                   Regni
                   Francae
                   ,
                
                 contra
                 Ludovicum
                 Usurpantem
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 France
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Lewis
                 the
                 Usurper
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 as
                 the
                 Record
                 is
                 )
                 entered
                 a
                 new
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 and
                 Britain
                 ;
                 b
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 wrought
                 from
                 them
                 a
                 round
                 Pension
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 any
                 portion
                 of
                 land
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 7.
                 
                 c
                 an
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 
                 &
                 6.
                 entertaineth
                 an
                 Alliance
                 with
                 Spain
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King.
                 The
                 like
                 in
                 the
                 8.
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Portugall
                 :
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 10.
                 d
                 with
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 for
                 Intercourse
                 and
                 mutuall
                 Aide
                 .
              
               
                 Henry
                 the
                 8.
                 in
                 an
                 .
                 4.
                 e
                 reneweth
                 the
                 Amity
                 of
                 Portugal
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 yeare
                 combineth
                 with
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Maximilian
                 against
                 Lewis
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 aideth
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 Artoys
                 and
                 Henault
                 with
                 4000.
                 horse
                 and
                 6000
                 .
                 foot
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 winneth
                 Tournay
                 ,
                 f
                 
                   Consilo
                   ,
                   Auxilio
                   ,
                   &
                   favoribus
                   Maximiliani
                   Imperatoris
                   ,
                
                 with
                 the
                 advice
                 ,
                 assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 countenance
                 of
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Maximilian
                 .
                 In
                 anno
                 7.
                 g
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 entreth
                 league
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Helvetian
                   Cantons
                
                 by
                 his
                 Commissioners
                 Wingfield
                 and
                 Pace
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 h
                 Charles
                 of
                 Spain
                 for
                 Amity
                 and
                 mutuall
                 Aide
                 :
                 into
                 which
                 Maximilian
                 the
                 Emperour
                 and
                 Ioane
                 of
                 Spain
                 i
                 were
                 received
                 the
                 yeare
                 following
                 k
                 In
                 an
                 .
                 12.
                 with
                 the
                 Emperour
                 Charles
                 and
                 l
                 Margaret
                 Regentesse
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 the
                 maketh
                 a
                 Confederation
                 against
                 Francis
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 common
                 enemy
                 :
                 
                   &
                   quia
                   Rex
                   Angliae
                   nonpossit
                   ex
                   propriis
                   Subditis
                   tantum
                   equitum
                   numerum
                   congerere
                   ,
                
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 could
                 not
                 furnish
                 such
                 a
                 quantity
                 of
                 Horse
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 mentioned
                 in
                 the
                 contract
                 ,
                 the
                 Emperour
                 giveth
                 leave
                 that
                 he
                 levy
                 them
                 in
                 any
                 his
                 Dominions
                 in
                 Germany
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Pope
                 in
                 furtherance
                 of
                 this
                 intendment
                 interdicteth
                 the
                 French
                 territories
                 ,
                 calleth
                 in
                 aide
                 
                   Brachii
                   Secularis
                
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Secular
                 power
                 ,
                 a
                 those
                 two
                 Princes
                 ;
                 appointeth
                 the
                 
                   Emperour
                   Protectorem
                   &
                   advocatum
                   Ecclesiae
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Churches
                 Advocate
                 and
                 Protectour
                 ;
                 &
                 stileth
                 their
                 Attempt
                 
                   sancta
                   expeditio
                
                 ,
                 holy
                 expedition
                 .
                 b
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 by
                 the
                 Treaty
                 at
                 Windsor
                 the
                 next
                 yeare
                 confirmed
                 and
                 explained
                 .
                 Renewing
                 in
                 the
                 years
                 c
                 21.
                 35
                 ,
                 and
                 38.
                 the
                 association
                 ,
                 and
                 bond
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 brake
                 not
                 off
                 his
                 Amity
                 with
                 the
                 Turk
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 d
                 Edward
                 the
                 6.
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 made
                 the
                 Contract
                 between
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 England
                 and
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Burgundy
                 perpetuall
                 ;
                 e
                 yet
                 forbore
                 he
                 to
                 aide
                 the
                 Emperour
                 in
                 the
                 wars
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 disabled
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 pretended
                 )
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Poverty
                 the
                 troubles
                 of
                 Scotland
                 had
                 drawn
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 f
                 And
                 therefore
                 offered
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Bullen
                 to
                 the
                 Imperiall
                 protection
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Queen
                 Mary
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 other
                 but
                 that
                 g
                 of
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 Aide
                 and
                 Entercourse
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Emperor
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 and
                 Burgundy
                 ;
                 h
                 and
                 besides
                 that
                 tripartite
                 bond
                 at
                 Cambray
                 of
                 Amity
                 and
                 Neutrality
                 .
              
               
                 Our
                 late
                 Renowned
                 Mistris
                 entertained
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Conde
                 i
                 about
                 New-haven
                 ,
                 and
                 k
                 with
                 Charles
                 the
                 9.
                 1564.
                 
                 &
                 at
                 l
                 Bloys
                 1572.
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 before
                 the
                 accession
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 France
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 Britain
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 by
                 the
                 Duke
                 of
                 Bullen
                 
                 a
                 in
                 96.
                 
                 And
                 with
                 the
                 States
                 of
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 in
                 the
                 yeares
                 85.
                 b
                 and
                 98.
                 divers
                 Treaties
                 of
                 Amity
                 ,
                 
                 Confederation
                 and
                 Assistance
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 all
                 these
                 passages
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 all
                 that
                 well
                 either
                 our
                 Story
                 or
                 Records
                 can
                 discover
                 )
                 it
                 appeareth
                 manifest
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 England
                 never
                 to
                 have
                 undertaken
                 ,
                 or
                 fortunately
                 entertained
                 any
                 Forreign
                 Enterprize
                 without
                 a
                 party
                 and
                 confederate
                 .
                 Amongst
                 which
                 by
                 situation
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 best
                 advantage
                 to
                 us
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 Dukes
                 of
                 Britain
                 ,
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Genoa
                 ,
                 the
                 kings
                 of
                 Portugall
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 &
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 since
                 knit
                 into
                 the
                 house
                 of
                 Burgundy
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 remote
                 and
                 in-land
                 Princes
                 of
                 Germany
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Denmark
                   ,
                   Poland
                
                 and
                 Sweden
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 farre
                 removed
                 )
                 I
                 have
                 seldome
                 observed
                 that
                 this
                 Crown
                 hath
                 with
                 them
                 contracted
                 any
                 League
                 of
                 Assistance
                 or
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 Amity
                 and
                 Entercourse
                 onely
                 .
              
               
                 IT
                 remaineth
                 to
                 observe
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 
                 what
                 were
                 the
                 reasons
                 that
                 first
                 induced
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 preserved
                 the
                 Affection
                 and
                 Alliances
                 of
                 these
                 severall
                 Nations
                 respectively
                 to
                 this
                 Crown
                 .
                 The
                 assurance
                 we
                 had
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Genoa
                 was
                 their
                 Pensions
                 and
                 Traffique
                 here
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 time
                 by
                 equality
                 of
                 Neighbourhood
                 they
                 stood
                 of
                 themselves
                 without
                 any
                 jealousy
                 of
                 Surprize
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 
                   Vicinum
                   Incendium
                
                 ,
                 the
                 fire
                 began
                 in
                 Millain
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 protection
                 of
                 Spain
                 ,
                 foreseeing
                 how
                 dangerous
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 for
                 a
                 weak
                 State
                 to
                 stand
                 Neutrall
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Aristhenus
                 counsell
                 to
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 c
                 
                   Quid
                   aliud
                   quam
                   nusquam
                   gratia
                   stabili
                   praeda
                   victoris
                   erimus
                   ?
                
                 What
                 else
                 will
                 become
                 
                 of
                 us
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 firm
                 friendship
                 with
                 neither
                 side
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 prey
                 to
                 the
                 Conquerour
                 ?
                 Since
                 which
                 time
                 Spain
                 by
                 estating
                 
                   Doria
                   ,
                   Grimaldi
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spinellos
                 ,
                 chief
                 Families
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Patrimonies
                 in
                 Naples
                 ,
                 retaining
                 their
                 Gallies
                 in
                 his
                 perpetuall
                 service
                 and
                 salary
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 in
                 beneficiall
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 no
                 lesse
                 in
                 Policy
                 to
                 ingage
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 supply
                 his
                 own
                 Wants
                 )
                 continually
                 owing
                 the
                 wealthiest
                 Citizens
                 such
                 vast
                 summes
                 of
                 money
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 late
                 exceeded
                 d
                 25.
                 
                 Millions
                 ;
                 he
                 hath
                 tyed
                 it
                 more
                 sure
                 to
                 the
                 Spanish
                 party
                 ,
                 then
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 commanded
                 by
                 a
                 Cittadell
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 must
                 ever
                 now
                 follow
                 the
                 faction
                 and
                 fortune
                 of
                 that
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 Navarre
                 and
                 Britain
                 (
                 while
                 States
                 of
                 themselves
                 )
                 were
                 so
                 long
                 firm
                 to
                 our
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 tyed
                 with
                 the
                 bond
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 occasioned
                 by
                 that
                 power
                 ,
                 which
                 incorporating
                 lately
                 the
                 one
                 by
                 Descent
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 Contract
                 ,
                 is
                 by
                 that
                 Union
                 and
                 return
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Appennagii
                 ,
                 more
                 potent
                 now
                 then
                 ever
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 under
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Capet
                 .
              
               
                 Burgundie
                 was
                 so
                 long
                 our
                 friend
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 either
                 they
                 were
                 enriched
                 by
                 Staple
                 of
                 our
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 or
                 had
                 protection
                 of
                 our
                 Swords
                 against
                 France
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 only
                 claimed
                 Soveraignty
                 over
                 most
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 proprietary
                 interest
                 in
                 part
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 had
                 reason
                 to
                 give
                 aide
                 and
                 Armes
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Confederate
                 as
                 did
                 by
                 a
                 diversive
                 war
                 secure
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 particular
                 Immunities
                 inrich
                 that
                 State.
                 But
                 now
                 growing
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 they
                 need
                 no
                 such
                 assurance
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 almost
                 undone
                 by
                 their
                 draping
                 of
                 our
                 wooll
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 happily
                 called
                 home
                 ,
                 )
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 return
                 them
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 cannot
                 presume
                 
                 upon
                 any
                 such
                 assurance
                 of
                 their
                 aide
                 as
                 heretofore
                 .
              
               
                 Spain
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 give
                 us
                 the
                 best
                 hope
                 of
                 a
                 fast
                 Confederate
                 for
                 2.
                 
                 respects
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 absolute
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 we
                 be
                 equally
                 devoid
                 of
                 demand
                 ,
                 neither
                 having
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 any
                 Titles
                 .
                 Next
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 entercourse
                 of
                 Trade
                 is
                 more
                 reciprocall
                 between
                 us
                 then
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 our
                 Amity
                 founded
                 upon
                 long
                 love
                 and
                 old
                 blood
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 two-fold
                 answer
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 their
                 Dispositions
                 :
                 First
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 assist
                 any
                 now
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 make
                 themselves
                 Master
                 of
                 their
                 State.
                 Thus
                 ended
                 they
                 the
                 strife
                 between
                 the
                 Competitors
                 of
                 Portugall
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 called
                 into
                 Naples
                 by
                 the
                 Queen
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 they
                 combined
                 with
                 her
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Kingdome
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 of
                 Garillon
                 ,
                 under
                 their
                 Leader
                 Gonsalves
                 ,
                 taking
                 an
                 advantage
                 ,
                 they
                 defeated
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 holding
                 ever
                 since
                 that
                 entire
                 Kingdome
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 Spain
                 will
                 admit
                 neither
                 Equallity
                 nor
                 Felowship
                 ,
                 since
                 upon
                 Union
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Kingdomes
                 ,
                 and
                 famous
                 Discoveries
                 ,
                 they
                 begun
                 to
                 affect
                 a
                 fifth
                 
                   Monarchie
                   .
                   The
                   Other
                
                 ;
                 that
                 the
                 late
                 hostilitie
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 us
                 hath
                 drawn
                 so
                 much
                 blood
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 formes
                 of
                 ancient
                 Amity
                 are
                 quite
                 washt
                 away
                 :
                 and
                 as
                 Paterculus
                 a
                 saith
                 of
                 Carthage
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 so
                 may
                 we
                 of
                 Spain
                 to
                 
                   England
                   ,
                   Adeo
                   odium
                   Certaminibus
                   ortum
                   ultra
                   metam
                   durat
                   ,
                   ut
                   ne
                   in
                   victis
                   quidem
                   deponitur
                   ,
                   neque
                   ante
                   invisum
                   esse
                   desinet
                   quam
                   esse
                   desut
                   :
                
                 The
                 hatred
                 begot
                 by
                 former
                 quarrels
                 doth
                 endure
                 so
                 lastingly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 conquered
                 party
                 cannot
                 forget
                 it
                 ;
                 &
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 case
                 the
                 very
                 places
                 must
                 cease
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 before
                 
                 the
                 hatred
                 and
                 envy
                 towards
                 it
                 can
                 cease
                 .
              
               
                 BEsides
                 these
                 locall
                 considerations
                 ,
                 there
                 will
                 2.
                 other
                 Dangers
                 now
                 fallout
                 from
                 any
                 Contract
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 :
                 The
                 one
                 from
                 diversity
                 of
                 Intention
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Religion
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 when
                 either
                 the
                 Confederate
                 hath
                 safely
                 attained
                 his
                 own
                 secret
                 End
                 ,
                 (
                 whatsoever
                 he
                 pretended
                 in
                 the
                 entrance
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 leaveth
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 work
                 out
                 his
                 own
                 designes
                 .
                 Thus
                 was
                 Hen.
                 3.
                 served
                 ,
                 called
                 over
                 by
                 the
                 Earls
                 of
                 Tholouse
                 and
                 March
                 ;
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 having
                 made
                 their
                 Peace
                 with
                 France
                 :
                 a
                 
                   Et
                   expertus
                   jam
                   infidem
                   ,
                   imo
                   perfidiam
                
                 Pictavensium
                 ,
                 
                   turpiter
                   recessit
                   ,
                   &
                   festinans
                   non
                   pepercit
                   Calcaribus
                   ,
                
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 that
                 having
                 found
                 the
                 treachery
                 and
                 perfidiousness
                 of
                 the
                 Poictovins
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forced
                 dishonourably
                 to
                 retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 haste
                 to
                 spurre
                 away
                 ;
                 the
                 perill
                 the
                 poore
                 King
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 being
                 so
                 great
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 handled
                 like
                 to
                 this
                 by
                 
                   Pope
                   Alexander
                
                 the
                 fourth
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 drawn
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 warres
                 of
                 Apulia
                 against
                 Manfred
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 
                   depauperato
                   Regno
                   Angliae
                   &
                   undique
                   bonis
                   suis
                   spoliato
                   ,
                
                 his
                 Kingdome
                 of
                 England
                 being
                 impoverished
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 despoiled
                 of
                 its
                 Goods
                 ,
                 left
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 shift
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 Navarre
                 calling
                 in
                 the
                 aide
                 of
                 Edward
                 3.
                 b
                 against
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 appointing
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Gersey
                 the
                 Rendezvous
                 of
                 their
                 forces
                 ,
                 revolteth
                 to
                 the
                 French
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 countenance
                 of
                 that
                 preparation
                 wrought
                 his
                 Peace
                 .
                 Maximilian
                 the
                 Emperour
                 to
                 induce
                 Henry
                 8.
                 not
                 onely
                 contracteth
                 to
                 aid
                 him
                 in
                 person
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 
                   France
                   ,
                   &
                   pro
                   tyrannico
                   Rege
                   repellendo
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                 to
                 remove
                 the
                 tyrannicall
                 King
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 words
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 ;
                 )
                 but
                 conferreth
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 
                   Coronam
                   Imperialem
                   &
                   Imperium
                   Romanum
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Imperiall
                 Crown
                 and
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 in
                 reversion
                 ;
                 and
                 estateth
                 the
                 Dutchie
                 of
                 Millain
                 after
                 recovery
                 upon
                 his
                 person
                 ,
                 
                   &
                   suorum
                   naturalium
                   masculini
                   sexus
                   haeredum
                   ,
                   modo
                   feodorum
                   Imperialium
                   ,
                
                 and
                 his
                 heires
                 male
                 lawfully
                 begotten
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 in
                 Fee
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 :
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 close
                 left
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 fortune
                 ,
                 his
                 turn
                 for
                 Millain
                 and
                 Verona
                 ,
                 served
                 .
                 Charles
                 the
                 fifth
                 when
                 by
                 the
                 incuision
                 of
                 the
                 French
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 portion
                 in
                 Italy
                 distressed
                 ,
                 in
                 safety
                 whereof
                 consisted
                 the
                 whole
                 Pulse
                 of
                 the
                 Spanish
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 used
                 himself
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 )
                 for
                 it
                 supplied
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 great
                 Levies
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 fitly
                 seated
                 for
                 a
                 fifth
                 Monarchy
                 ;
                 he
                 then
                 ingaged
                 Hen.
                 8.
                 in
                 the
                 wars
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 and
                 bound
                 himself
                 (
                 as
                 Bourbon
                 his
                 Confederate
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 assist
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 full
                 Conquest
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdome
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 should
                 become
                 Homager
                 to
                 Hen.
                 8.
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Soveraign
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Bourbon
                 had
                 advanced
                 his
                 Army
                 and
                 distressed
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 in
                 his
                 answer
                 to
                 
                   Master
                   Pace
                
                 the
                 Kings
                 Ambassador
                 refused
                 that
                 assurance
                 of
                 duty
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 a
                 just
                 suspition
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 by
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Party
                 intended
                 to
                 usurp
                 upon
                 that
                 State
                 himself
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Emperour
                 never
                 meant
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 ;
                 least
                 by
                 such
                 footing
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 might
                 grow
                 so
                 great
                 as
                 to
                 give
                 law
                 to
                 his
                 neighbours
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 upon
                 such
                 grounds
                 hath
                 ever
                 been
                 excusable
                 ,
                 howsoever
                 the
                 bonds
                 of
                 Alliance
                 were
                 .
                 Thus
                 did
                 Hen.
                 8.
                 as
                 often
                 change
                 his
                 hand
                 of
                 help
                 ,
                 as
                 either
                 Princes
                 of
                 Spain
                 &
                 France
                 got
                 ground
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Spaniard
                 now
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 
                 States
                 in
                 Italie
                 disunited
                 ,
                 compoundeth
                 differences
                 at
                 his
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 or
                 taketh
                 part
                 with
                 the
                 weaker
                 ,
                 not
                 suffering
                 any
                 ,
                 though
                 his
                 own
                 dependant
                 ,
                 to
                 grow
                 too
                 strong
                 :
                 which
                 was
                 lately
                 seen
                 in
                 patronizing
                 the
                 D.
                 of
                 Mantua
                 against
                 Savoy
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Quinctius
                 in
                 Livy
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Non
                   tantum
                   interest
                   Aetolorū
                   opes
                   minui
                   ,
                
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 stand
                 us
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 hand
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 (
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 enemies
                 ,
                 )
                 
                   quantum
                   ,
                   non
                   supra
                   modum
                   Philippum
                   crescere
                   ,
                
                 as
                 it
                 doth
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 Philip
                 grow
                 not
                 too
                 potent
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 their
                 friend
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 difference
                 in
                 Religion
                 may
                 bring
                 likewise
                 a
                 twofold
                 danger
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 with
                 our
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 the
                 Subjects
                 of
                 this
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 whensoever
                 we
                 shall
                 attempt
                 upon
                 a
                 
                   Catholick
                   Prince
                
                 ,
                 as
                 France
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 fairest
                 pretences
                 ,
                 for
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 we
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 have
                 no
                 question
                 ;
                 then
                 is
                 all
                 Contract
                 of
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 left
                 to
                 the
                 election
                 of
                 our
                 
                   
                     Danger
                     by
                     difference
                     in
                     Religion
                     ,
                     in
                     respect
                     of
                     the
                     
                       
                         Confederates
                         ,
                         who
                      
                       
                         Subjects
                         .
                         
                           
                             May
                             break
                             by
                             dispensation
                             ,
                             though
                             both
                             Catholicks
                             .
                          
                           
                             ought
                             to
                             break
                             out
                             of
                             the
                             Rom.
                             doctrine
                             ,
                             one
                             accounted
                             heretick
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
                 Confederate
                 ,
                 who
                 may
                 with
                 all
                 easiness
                 procure
                 from
                 the
                 See
                 of
                 Rome
                 a
                 discharge
                 of
                 all
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 Oath
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 in
                 Leagues
                 where
                 either
                 party
                 have
                 been
                 Catholicks
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 between
                 Edward
                 3.
                 and
                 Iohn
                 King
                 of
                 France
                 ,
                 &
                 that
                 between
                 Iohn
                 of
                 Caunt
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Cast●le
                 ;
                 they
                 ever
                 out
                 of
                 such
                 suspect
                 inserted
                 this
                 Clause
                 ,
                 That
                 neither
                 side
                 should
                 procure
                 dispensationem
                 ,
                 &c.
                 either
                 
                   per
                   Ecctesiam
                   Romanam
                   ,
                   vel
                   per
                   aliquam
                   aliam
                   ,
                
                 a
                 Dispensation
                 
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 do
                 
                   contra
                   formam
                   Tractatus
                
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 Agreement
                 :
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 must
                 their
                 jealousie
                 be
                 to
                 us
                 ?
                 And
                 therefore
                 in
                 a
                 Consultation
                 in
                 Henry
                 the
                 8s.
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 whether
                 with
                 best
                 security
                 we
                 should
                 confederate
                 with
                 France
                 or
                 Spain
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 resolved
                 that
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 may
                 slip
                 off
                 their
                 advantage
                 by
                 colour
                 of
                 our
                 Separation
                 from
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 better
                 hold
                 in
                 their
                 Honesties
                 then
                 in
                 their
                 Bonds
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 held
                 not
                 onely
                 worthy
                 dispensation
                 ,
                 but
                 merit
                 to
                 break
                 all
                 Leagues
                 with
                 the
                 enemies
                 of
                 that
                 Church
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 that
                 See
                 ;
                 which
                 teacheth
                 all
                 Contracts
                 with
                 any
                 Catholick
                 Prince
                 to
                 be
                 instanti
                 dissolved
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 we
                 are
                 by
                 them
                 ranked
                 in
                 the
                 list
                 of
                 Hereticks
                 :
                 which
                 holds
                 proportion
                 with
                 the
                 Rule
                 and
                 Direction
                 that
                 Urban
                 the
                 sixth
                 sent
                 by
                 b
                 
                   Bull
                   to
                   Wenceslaus
                
                 King
                 of
                 Bohemia
                 ,
                 and
                 Charles
                 then
                 Emperor
                 ,
                 (
                 before
                 the
                 Councill
                 of
                 Constance
                 ,
                 )
                 declaring
                 all
                 Confederations
                 ,
                 Leagues
                 and
                 
                 Conventions
                 to
                 be
                 
                   Lege
                   Divina
                   temerariae
                   ,
                   illicitae
                   ,
                   &
                   ipso
                   jure
                   nullae
                   ,
                   etiamsi
                   forent
                   fide
                   data
                   firmatae
                   aut
                   Confirmatione
                   Apostolica
                   roboratae
                   ,
                
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 God
                 invalid
                 ,
                 void
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 law
                 null
                 ,
                 although
                 confirmed
                 by
                 the
                 plighting
                 of
                 faith
                 ,
                 nay
                 though
                 strengthened
                 by
                 confirmation
                 Apostolicall
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 parties
                 were
                 
                   separatae
                   ab
                   Unitate
                   sanctae
                   ,
                   Ecclesae
                   ,
                
                 separate
                 from
                 the
                 Unity
                 of
                 Holy
                 Church
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 league
                 was
                 made
                 ;
                 or
                 
                   si
                   postea
                   sint
                   effecti
                
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 become
                 so
                 after
                 .
                 What
                 assurance
                 can
                 there
                 then
                 be
                 ,
                 either
                 with
                 France
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 received
                 ?
                 by
                 his
                 Rebenediction
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Bosome
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 sonne
                 made
                 
                   Adoptivus
                   Filius
                   Ecclesiae
                
                 ,
                 an
                 adopted
                 Son
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 ;
                 or
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 Spain
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 Protector
                 and
                 Champion
                 of
                 that
                 See
                 Apostolick
                 ,
                 submitteth
                 himself
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 hath
                 ever
                 done
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Popes
                 pleasure
                 and
                 designe
                 ,
                 and
                 must
                 not
                 onely
                 forsake
                 ?
                 but
                 aide
                 against
                 us
                 in
                 any
                 warre
                 we
                 should
                 there
                 undertake
                 ?
              
               
               
                 Besides
                 it
                 is
                 considerable
                 ,
                 
                 howsoever
                 all
                 sides
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 will
                 joyn
                 in
                 point
                 of
                 defence
                 to
                 a
                 mutuall
                 aide
                 ;
                 whether
                 they
                 will
                 so
                 in
                 a
                 forrain
                 Invasion
                 ;
                 (
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 party
                 assailed
                 shall
                 be
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Religion
                 .
                 )
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Interdiction
                 of
                 the
                 Pope
                 could
                 draw
                 against
                 Iohn
                 King
                 of
                 England
                 &
                 a
                 Lewis
                 the
                 12.
                 a
                 side
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 did
                 after
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Kingdome
                 against
                 Hen.
                 3.
                 though
                 all
                 3.
                 conformable
                 in
                 points
                 of
                 Religion
                 to
                 that
                 See
                 ;
                 )
                 how
                 much
                 more
                 will
                 it
                 work
                 with
                 the
                 people
                 devoted
                 to
                 their
                 opinions
                 in
                 a
                 State
                 divided
                 from
                 their
                 obedience
                 ?
                 For
                 amongst
                 us
                 the
                 
                   Catholick
                   Church
                
                 hath
                 many
                 Iesuites
                 to
                 raise
                 Faction
                 ,
                 and
                 divert
                 people
                 from
                 duty
                 ;
                 the
                 Recusants
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 Malecontents
                 not
                 few
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 with
                 warre
                 will
                 discover
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 by
                 this
                 happy
                 calm
                 unassured
                 of
                 assistance
                 ,
                 lock
                 up
                 their
                 riches
                 in
                 security
                 ,
                 &
                 their
                 hearts
                 in
                 silence
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 by
                 any
                 enterprize
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 rule
                 of
                 Seneca
                 safe
                 ,
                 
                   concutere
                   felicem
                   statum
                
                 .
                 For
                 provoking
                 of
                 some
                 adversary
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Papall
                 protection
                 ,
                 they
                 pick
                 advantage
                 to
                 ground
                 a
                 quarrel
                 of
                 Religion
                 :
                 &
                 then
                 the
                 
                   sancta
                   Expeditio
                
                 ,
                 the
                 holy
                 expedition
                 against
                 Lewis
                 ,
                 will
                 be
                 made
                 
                   Bellū
                   Sacrum
                
                 ,
                 a
                 holy
                 Warre
                 against
                 us
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 admitting
                 no
                 lesse
                 then
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 an
                 easiness
                 to
                 attempt
                 ;
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 meditation
                 unnecessary
                 to
                 think
                 in
                 generall
                 of
                 the
                 dangers
                 and
                 impossibilities
                 to
                 retain
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 we
                 must
                 more
                 then
                 transgresse
                 
                   Limites
                   quos
                   posuerunt
                   Patres
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Bounds
                 which
                 our
                 Fathers
                 owned
                 ;
                 
                   
                     Et
                     penitus
                     toto
                     divisos
                     or
                     be
                     Britannos
                     ,
                  
                
              
               
                 And
                 Britans
                 from
                 the
                 world
                 wholy
                 divided
                 ;
                 and
                 relinquish
                 that
                 defence
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 she
                 hath
                 incirculed
                 ,
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 secured
                 us
                 from
                 the
                 whole
                 world
                 ;
                 
                   
                     (
                     a
                     Te
                     natura
                     potens
                     Pelago
                     divisit
                     ab
                     omni
                  
                   
                     Parte
                     orbis
                     ,
                     tuta
                     ut
                     semper
                     ab
                     hoste
                     fores
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     From
                     all
                     the
                     Earth
                     Nature
                     hath
                     parted
                     thee
                  
                   
                     With
                     Seas
                     ,
                     and
                     set
                     thee
                     safe
                     from
                     Enemy
                     .
                     )
                  
                
                 and
                 commit
                 our
                 Frontiers
                 (
                 had
                 we
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 the
                 next
                 Continent
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 protection
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 besides
                 the
                 continuall
                 Charge
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 give
                 Ambitious
                 and
                 able
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 unable
                 for
                 our
                 Interest
                 we
                 will
                 not
                 ,
                 )
                 how
                 ready
                 shall
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Leader
                 ,
                 and
                 backt
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 please
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 Law
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 countrey
                 ?
                 For
                 Trifles
                 will
                 be
                 quarrels
                 good
                 enough
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 can
                 make
                 them
                 good
                 by
                 Power
                 ;
                 And
                 whensoever
                 means
                 and
                 Ambition
                 leads
                 any
                 to
                 trouble
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 he
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 colour
                 his
                 pretext
                 with
                 honest
                 Titles
                 .
                 b
                 
                   Alli
                   ,
                   sicuti
                   Iura
                   populi
                   defenderent
                   Pars
                   ,
                   quo
                   Senatus
                   authoritas
                   maxima
                   foret
                   ,
                   bonum
                   publicum
                   simulantes
                   :
                
                 some
                 declaring
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 rights
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 uphold
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 all
                 pretending
                 to
                 act
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 .
                 Hence
                 was
                 it
                 that
                 Augustus
                 c
                 refused
                 to
                 add
                 any
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarous
                 Nations
                 to
                 the
                 body
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 great
                 facility
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 done
                 ;
                 d
                 and
                 to
                 restrain
                 that
                 infinite
                 and
                 unsafe
                 desire
                 of
                 
                 enlarging
                 ,
                 left
                 in
                 Charge
                 to
                 his
                 Successors
                 that
                 especiall
                 point
                 of
                 advice
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   coercendi
                   intra
                   Terminos
                   Imperii
                
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Empire
                 within
                 due
                 &
                 fitting
                 bounds
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 moderation
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 ground
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 ,
                 who
                 refused
                 the
                 soveraignty
                 of
                 the
                 Netherlands
                 ,
                 b
                 so
                 often
                 and
                 earnestly
                 offered
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 fore-seeing
                 well
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 her
                 State
                 should
                 grow
                 more
                 respective
                 by
                 addition
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 augmentation
                 of
                 Territory
                 ;
                 so
                 Factions
                 and
                 Discontents
                 (
                 a
                 common
                 accident
                 in
                 worldly
                 affaires
                 )
                 would
                 arise
                 from
                 superfluity
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 State
                 that
                 may
                 best
                 admit
                 increase
                 is
                 that
                 ,
                 unto
                 which
                 addition
                 may
                 be
                 on
                 every
                 part
                 indifferently
                 .
                 Such
                 was
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 situate
                 in
                 the
                 middest
                 of
                 Europe
                 :
                 whereas
                 we
                 are
                 thrust
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 no
                 other
                 contiguity
                 ,
                 then
                 an
                 unsure
                 element
                 of
                 fluxible
                 foundation
                 ,
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 subject
                 to
                 tempest
                 ,
                 contrariety
                 of
                 wind
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 commodious
                 for
                 a
                 potent
                 enemy
                 to
                 intercept
                 ,
                 then
                 our selves
                 to
                 secure
                 .
                 For
                 how
                 large
                 soever
                 any
                 Kingdome
                 is
                 ,
                 all
                 great
                 directions
                 move
                 from
                 one
                 place
                 ,
                 commonly
                 from
                 one
                 man
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Heart
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 therefore
                 necessary
                 that
                 the
                 seat
                 be
                 so
                 placed
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 well
                 Intelligence
                 as
                 Dispatch
                 may
                 safely
                 passe
                 with
                 indifferency
                 and
                 assured
                 Speed
                 :
                 And
                 those
                 Forms
                 are
                 most
                 quick
                 and
                 easy
                 in
                 motion
                 ,
                 whole
                 extremes
                 are
                 all
                 equally
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Centre
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 different
                 from
                 the
                 Circle
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 slow
                 and
                 hard
                 .
                 Rome
                 may
                 sufficiently
                 example
                 this
                 :
                 For
                 so
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Orbe
                 of
                 that
                 Empire
                 so
                 moved
                 about
                 her
                 ,
                 all
                 things
                 kept
                 on
                 their
                 course
                 with
                 order
                 ,
                 and
                 ease
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Seate
                 was
                 by
                 c
                 Constantine
                 removed
                 to
                 an
                 extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Circle
                 ,
                 it
                 stood
                 a
                 while
                 still
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 end
                 dissolved
                 .
                 For
                 either
                 through
                 the
                 
                 masse
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 the
                 limitedness
                 of
                 any
                 mans
                 sufficiency
                 ,
                 or
                 impossibility
                 to
                 consider
                 all
                 due
                 Circumstances
                 but
                 in
                 
                   re
                   praesenti
                
                 ,
                 there
                 must
                 fall
                 out
                 infinite
                 defects
                 in
                 the
                 directions
                 .
                 Or
                 if
                 none
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Distance
                 they
                 come
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 not
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Remoteness
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 is
                 to
                 execute
                 will
                 be
                 bolder
                 with
                 his
                 Instructions
                 then
                 is
                 fit
                 for
                 a
                 Minister
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 How
                 dangerous
                 is
                 it
                 then
                 by
                 addition
                 of
                 Territories
                 for
                 our
                 Master
                 ,
                 a
                 
                   Alterum
                   pene
                   Imperio
                   nostro
                   &
                   suo
                   quaerenti
                   Orbem
                   ,
                
                 whilest
                 he
                 is
                 seekng
                 to
                 joyn
                 another
                 world
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 manner
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 and
                 our
                 Empire
                 ,
                 to
                 alter
                 either
                 the
                 setled
                 order
                 of
                 directions
                 ,
                 or
                 walls
                 of
                 our
                 securitie
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 Frames
                 of
                 Nature
                 
                   Anima
                   rationalis
                
                 ,
                 the
                 rationall
                 soul
                 cannot
                 informare
                 ,
                 give
                 life
                 ,
                 sense
                 ,
                 or
                 discourse
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 of
                 an
                 Elephant
                 or
                 a
                 Fly
                 ;
                 (
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 body
                 disproportionable
                 to
                 a
                 Form
                 so
                 qualified
                 :
                 )
                 so
                 is
                 there
                 as
                 well
                 a
                 bound
                 of
                 amplitude
                 and
                 structness
                 wherein
                 the
                 soul
                 of
                 Government
                 is
                 comprised
                 ;
                 b
                 Between
                 which
                 extremes
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 degrees
                 of
                 Latitude
                 ,
                 some
                 approaching
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 (
                 that
                 nature
                 seldome
                 or
                 never
                 produceth
                 )
                 some
                 to
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 to
                 the
                 mean
                 ;
                 beyond
                 which
                 proportions
                 respectively
                 though
                 some
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 will
                 to
                 effect
                 they
                 never
                 can
                 have
                 a
                 power
                 to
                 attaine
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 accession
                 of
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 France
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 could
                 never
                 either
                 with
                 Profit
                 or
                 Assurance
                 retain
                 ?
                 being
                 gotten
                 by
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 tacked
                 to
                 by
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Hereditary
                 Monarchies
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 Kingdomes
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 number
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 accounted
                 )
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 condition
                 that
                 Demosthenes
                 c
                 maketh
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   :
                   Non
                   ea
                   vestra
                   ingenia
                   sunt
                   ,
                   ut
                   ipsi
                   aliis
                   vi
                   oppressis
                   Imperiateneatis
                   ;
                   sed
                   in
                   eo
                   magnae
                   
                   sunt
                   vires
                   vestrae
                   ,
                   ut
                   alium
                   potiri
                   principatu
                   prohibeat
                   is
                   ;
                   aut
                   potitum
                   exturbetis
                
                 ;
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 your
                 way
                 ,
                 violently
                 to
                 oppresse
                 other
                 States
                 and
                 seize
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 is
                 your
                 strength
                 manifest
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 can
                 hinder
                 another
                 from
                 possessing
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 or
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 possessed
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 throw
                 him
                 out
                 again
                 .
                 Since
                 then
                 by
                 Situation
                 and
                 Power
                 we
                 are
                 the
                 fittest
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 combine
                 or
                 keep
                 severall
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 and
                 warlike
                 Nations
                 of
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 best
                 for
                 Safety
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 for
                 Honour
                 ,
                 to
                 remain
                 as
                 we
                 were
                 ,
                 Arbiters
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 Neutralitie
                 sway
                 still
                 the
                 Ballance
                 of
                 our
                 mightiest
                 Neighbours
                 :
                 
                 which
                 by
                 holding
                 of
                 our
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 onely
                 looking
                 on
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 easily
                 do
                 ,
                 since
                 Spain
                 and
                 France
                 hang
                 so
                 indifferently
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 little
                 weight
                 will
                 cast
                 the
                 Beam
                 ;
                 imploying
                 ours
                 ,
                 as
                 Claudius
                 did
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 a
                 
                   Germanie
                   ,
                   ut
                   subsidio
                   victis
                   Victoribus
                   terrori
                   essent
                   ,
                   ne
                   forte
                   elati
                   Pacem
                   turbarent
                   ,
                
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Conquered
                 party
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 over-awe
                 the
                 Victor
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 puffed
                 up
                 with
                 pride
                 ,
                 and
                 disturb
                 our
                 peace
                 .
                 Thus
                 did
                 Hen.
                 8.
                 with
                 the
                 French
                 and
                 Spanish
                 Princes
                 ,
                 using
                 as
                 his
                 Motto
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Power
                 this
                 .
                 
                   Cui
                   adhaereo
                   praest
                
                 ,
                 He
                 rules
                 whom
                 I
                 stick
                 to
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 late
                 Queen
                 studied
                 rather
                 how
                 to
                 guard
                 her
                 Allies
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 inlarge
                 her
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 multiplying
                 her
                 Leagues
                 more
                 by
                 giving
                 then
                 receiving
                 gratuities
                 ;
                 winking
                 at
                 her
                 own
                 wrongs
                 ,
                 rather
                 then
                 willing
                 to
                 revenge
                 .
                 And
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 great
                 Mistris
                 of
                 the
                 world
                 once
                 )
                 did
                 what
                 rather
                 became
                 her
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 then
                 what
                 severity
                 of
                 Armes
                 required
                 .
                 Hence
                 were
                 her
                 Seas
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 freed
                 from
                 Pirates
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Land
                 here
                 cleared
                 of
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 according
                 to
                 Micipsae's
                 counsell
                 to
                 
                   Jugurth
                   ,
                   Non
                   exercitus
                   ,
                   neque
                   Thesauri
                   praesidia
                   
                   Regni
                   sunt
                
                 ;
                 Neither
                 Armyes
                 nor
                 Treasure
                 are
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 a
                 Kingdome
                 :
                 but
                 such
                 Allies
                 as
                 neither
                 Armes
                 constrain
                 ,
                 nor
                 monyes
                 purchase
                 ,
                 
                   sed
                   officio
                   &
                   fide
                   pariuntur
                
                 .
                 And
                 since
                 by
                 fortune
                 of
                 the
                 times
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 this
                 State
                 hath
                 grown
                 more
                 upon
                 Opinion
                 then
                 Deed
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 we
                 know
                 
                   Magis
                   fama
                   quam
                   vi
                   stare
                   res
                   nostras
                   ,
                
                 that
                 our
                 affairs
                 stand
                 rather
                 by
                 Fame
                 then
                 Force
                 ;
                 
                 it
                 is
                 most
                 safe
                 ,
                 neither
                 to
                 discover
                 weakness
                 ,
                 nor
                 hazzard
                 losse
                 by
                 any
                 attempt
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 standing
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 no
                 waies
                 obnoxious
                 by
                 Site
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 our
                 neighbours
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 alwaies
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 referre
                 the
                 judgement
                 &
                 order
                 of
                 their
                 differences
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 a
                 Brabanters
                 and
                 Henowayes
                 to
                 the
                 Arbitrement
                 of
                 Edward
                 the
                 third
                 :
                 and
                 b
                 Charles
                 the
                 fifth
                 and
                 Francis
                 the
                 French
                 King
                 the
                 decision
                 of
                 their
                 quarrel
                 to
                 Henry
                 the
                 eighth
                 .
                 Thus
                 every
                 pare
                 shall
                 woe
                 us
                 ,
                 all
                 Princes
                 by
                 their
                 Oratours
                 shall
                 resort
                 unto
                 us
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 Consistorie
                 of
                 judgement
                 in
                 their
                 debates
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 add
                 more
                 to
                 our
                 Reputation
                 then
                 any
                 power
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 well
                 in
                 States
                 as
                 in
                 Persons
                 ,
                 Suitours
                 are
                 an
                 infallible
                 token
                 of
                 Greatness
                 ;
                 which
                 
                   Demost
                   henes
                
                 c
                 told
                 the
                 Athenians
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 ,
                 since
                 none
                 resorted
                 to
                 their
                 Curia
                 or
                 Praetorium
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 way
                 shall
                 we
                 gain
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 
                   Honour
                   ,
                   Riches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Safety
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 but
                 endlesse
                 
                   Expence
                   ,
                   Trouble
                
                 and
                 Danger
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Robert
                 Cotton
                 Bruceus
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               FRENCH
               CHARITY
               :
            
             
               WRITTEN
               In
               French
               by
               an
               English
               Gentleman
               ,
               upon
               occasion
               of
               Prince
               Harcourt's
               coming
               into
               ENGLAND
               ;
            
             
               And
               translated
               into
               English
               by
               
                 F.
                 S.
                 J.
                 E.
              
               
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               for
               
                 William
                 Shears
              
               ,
               at
               the
               Bible
               in
               S.
               Paul's
               Church-yard
               ,
               Anno
               1655.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
               THE
               FRENCH
               CHARITY
               .
            
             
               ALthough
               we
               see
               that
               naturall
               causes
               produce
               sometimes
               contrary
               effects
               ,
               that
               the
               Sun
               which
               draws
               up
               the
               Clouds
               can
               also
               scatter
               them
               ,
               that
               the
               same
               Wind
               both
               lights
               and
               blow's
               out
               the
               taper
               ,
               that
               Vipers
               serve
               for
               wholesome
               medicaments
               ,
               and
               Scorpions
               carry
               about
               them
               an
               Antidote
               to
               their
               own
               poison
               :
               it
               is
               not
               so
               neverthelesse
               in
               morall
               and
               politick
               affairs
               ,
               wherein
               that
               which
               is
               once
               ill
               ,
               is
               alwayes
               accounted
               such
               ;
               from
               whence
               is
               begot
               in
               us
               that
               quality
               which
               we
               call
               Experience
               ,
               whereby
               wise
               men
               are
               accustomed
               to
               judge
               of
               present
               and
               future
               actions
               by
               those
               that
               are
               past
               .
               Which
               is
               the
               foundation
               whereupon
               all
               Monarchies
               and
               Republicks
               have
               established
               the
               Maxims
               of
               their
               subsistence
               ,
               And
               found
               out
               both
               what
               they
               ought
               to
               follow
               and
               what
               to
               avoid
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Charity
               which
               France
               hath
               testified
               to
               pacify
               our
               differences
               is
               so
               great
               that
               it
               is
               become
               incredible
               ,
               so
               unseasonable
               that
               it
               is
               suspected
               ,
               and
               so
               contrary
               to
               their
               former
               proceedings
               that
               it
               is
               quite
               otherwayes
               understood
               .
               Philosophers
               say
               ,
               we
               cannot
               passe
               from
               one
               extremity
               to
               another
               without
               some
               mean
               ;
               I
               cannot
               see
               by
               what
               steps
               they
               are
               come
               to
               this
               perfect
               goodness
               ,
               nor
               what
               good
               Genius
               can
               have
               made
               them
               in
               an
               instant
               so
               good
               friends
               of
               such
               dangerous
               neighbours
               to
               us
               .
               I
               will
               passe
               my
               censure
               upon
               nothing
               ,
               yet
               let
               me
               have
               the
               liberty
               to
               judge
               of
               all
               .
               I
               find
               so
               great
               a
               wonder
               in
               this
               change
               ,
               that
               I
               find
               a
               conflict
               in
               my self
               to
               believe
               it
               .
               It
               is
               no
               common
               marvell
               ,
               that
               those
               who
               have
               for
               so
               long
               a
               time
               beheld
               all
               Europe
               in
               a
               flame
               ,
               and
               could
               not
               be
               moved
               by
               the
               bloud
               and
               destruction
               of
               so
               many
               people
               to
               cast
               thereon
               one
               drop
               of
               water
               should
               now
               have
               their
               bowells
               so
               tender
               as
               to
               compassionate
               the
               dissensions
               arising
               in
               a
               corner
               of
               the
               world
               which
               hath
               alwayes
               bin
               fatall
               to
               them
               ;
               That
               those
               who
               have
               made
               it
               their
               chiefest
               interest
               to
               divide
               us
               ,
               should
               now
               make
               it
               their
               glory
               to
               reunite
               us
               ;
               That
               those
               who
               place
               their
               rest
               in
               our
               troubles
               ,
               should
               now
               apply
               their
               cares
               for
               our
               repose
               ;
               and
               that
               
               after
               they
               have
               cast
               us
               down
               headlong
               ,
               they
               should
               reach
               us
               a
               plank
               for
               to
               come
               ashore
               .
               Let
               the
               wise
               Reader
               here
               (
               whilst
               I
               determine
               nothing
               )
               allow
               me
               at
               least
               a
               little
               distrust
               ;
               it
               is
               the
               Mother
               of
               Safety
               .
               The
               Trojans
               ,
               who
               could
               not
               be
               overcome
               by
               Armes
               ,
               perish't
               by
               a
               pledge
               of
               peace
               .
               All
               the
               French
               civilityes
               are
               faire
               and
               good
               ;
               but
               in
               the
               bottome
               
                 Quicquid
                 id
                 est
                 ,
                 timeo
                 Gallos
                 ,
                 &
                 dona
                 ferentes
                 .
              
            
             
               Let
               us
               see
               what
               reasons
               can
               oblige
               them
               to
               interest
               themselves
               so
               passionately
               in
               our
               agreement
               .
               Is
               it
               Religion
               ?
               surely
               no
               ;
               for
               that
               which
               they
               professe
               is
               contrary
               to
               that
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ;
               and
               the
               little
               Charity
               they
               have
               for
               their
               own
               ,
               ought
               not
               to
               perswade
               us
               that
               they
               have
               much
               for
               ours
               .
               Is
               it
               for
               the
               inclination
               they
               have
               to
               peace
               ?
               surely
               no
               ;
               for
               if
               they
               esteemed
               it
               a
               benefit
               ,
               they
               would
               seek
               first
               for
               themselves
               .
               It
               is
               perhaps
               for
               an
               acknowledgement
               of
               their
               obligations
               to
               us
               in
               the
               late
               warres
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               assistance
               we
               gave
               to
               those
               of
               Rochel
               .
               I
               ,
               his
               would
               be
               truely
               Christian
               indeed
               ,
               to
               render
               us
               good
               for
               evill
               .
               They
               will
               say
               that
               they
               are
               the
               bands
               of
               blood
               and
               parentage
               ,
               which
               bind
               them
               to
               the
               Queen
               ;
               and
               yet
               they
               have
               let
               the
               Mother
               beg
               her
               subsistence
               
               and
               retreat
               among
               strangers
               which
               she
               could
               not
               find
               with
               them
               ?
               and
               having
               beheld
               her
               without
               pitty
               and
               succour
               in
               her
               greatest
               extremities
               ,
               they
               advise
               to
               offer
               her
               a
               remedy
               upon
               the
               declining
               of
               her
               ill
               .
               But
               if
               this
               be
               the
               reason
               of
               their
               admittance
               ,
               I
               conceive
               them
               no
               lawfull
               nor
               indifferent
               Mediators
               ,
               since
               they
               are
               so
               much
               concern'd
               in
               one
               of
               the
               parties
               .
               They
               will
               whisper
               us
               in
               the
               eare
               ,
               that
               the
               designe
               is
               to
               pacify
               us
               ,
               and
               to
               ingage
               us
               in
               a
               league
               with
               them
               against
               the
               Spaniard
               ;
               although
               at
               the
               same
               time
               they
               designe
               Ambassadours
               for
               Munster
               to
               endeavour
               a
               peace
               with
               him
               .
               O
               ,
               we
               should
               wrong
               them
               very
               much
               to
               believe
               it
               ,
               though
               they
               might
               seem
               in
               an
               humour
               to
               desire
               it
               of
               us
               ;
               They
               are
               too
               gallant
               spirited
               to
               pretend
               it
               ,
               they
               know
               that
               we
               are
               better
               advised
               then
               to
               serve
               them
               to
               pull
               their
               Chesnut
               out
               of
               the
               fire
               ;
               that
               a
               body
               recovering
               health
               from
               a
               long
               sicknesse
               ought
               not
               to
               expose
               it self
               to
               a
               violent
               agitation
               ;
               that
               the
               State
               will
               find
               it self
               loaden
               with
               debts
               ,
               and
               the
               Subject
               exhausted
               by
               Contributions
               ;
               that
               we
               ought
               to
               preferre
               the
               evident
               profit
               of
               traffick
               before
               the
               uncertain
               vanity
               of
               a
               conquest
               ;
               that
               Iealousies
               being
               not
               yet
               removed
               ,
               nor
               aemulations
               supprest
               ,
               all
               kind
               of
               arming
               would
               be
               suspected
               
               by
               the
               State
               ,
               fearing
               least
               some
               under
               pretense
               of
               a
               forrain
               warre
               might
               study
               private
               revenge
               ,
               or
               the
               oppression
               of
               the
               publick
               liberty
               ;
               &
               that
               in
               the
               end
               it
               will
               be
               our
               gain
               to
               see
               them
               deal
               with
               Spain
               ,
               and
               to
               make
               our
               advantage
               of
               their
               troubles
               ,
               or
               not
               to
               meddle
               at
               all
               with
               them
               ,
               unlesse
               by
               adding
               secretly
               (
               according
               to
               the
               revolution
               of
               affairs
               )
               a
               little
               weight
               to
               them
               that
               shall
               be
               found
               the
               lighter
               .
               If
               then
               it
               be
               none
               of
               these
               motives
               ,
               it
               remains
               that
               it
               must
               be
               either
               Generosity
               ,
               or
               deceit
               .
               O
               Generosity
               (
               that
               hast
               so
               long
               since
               withdrawn
               thy self
               to
               heaven
               ,
               there
               to
               keep
               company
               with
               the
               faire
               .
               Astraea
               ,
               or
               rather
               ,
               who
               wer
               't
               buried
               in
               France
               in
               the
               Sepulchre
               of
               Monsieur
               Gonin
               )
               is
               it
               possible
               that
               thou
               shouldst
               be
               risen
               again
               ,
               or
               that
               France
               should
               have
               recall'd
               thee
               with
               her
               exiles
               since
               the
               death
               of
               her
               King
               ;
               and
               that
               the
               first
               labour
               she
               should
               put
               thee
               to
               should
               be
               in
               favour
               of
               England
               ,
               against
               whom
               but
               few
               dayes
               since
               she
               shewed
               such
               violent
               resentments
               ,
               for
               an
               offence
               received
               by
               a
               pretended
               violation
               of
               the
               treaties
               which
               had
               past
               between
               us
               ?
               Truely
               if
               it
               be
               she
               ,
               we
               must
               reverence
               her
               with
               extraordinary
               respects
               ;
               but
               before
               we
               give
               her
               the
               Honours
               due
               unto
               her
               ,
               we
               must
               know
               her
               ,
               for
               feare
               of
               Idolatry
               in
               
               adoring
               her
               masque
               for
               her self
               ,
               or
               embracing
               a
               cloud
               in
               stead
               of
               a
               Goddesse
               .
               Let
               us
               give
               a
               thrust
               with
               our
               launce
               into
               the
               Trojan
               horse
               ,
               to
               see
               if
               there
               be
               no
               ambush
               within
               .
            
             
               In
               walking
               lately
               with
               some
               French
               Gentlemen
               (
               as
               this
               nation
               is
               free
               enough
               of
               their
               discourse
               )
               a
               word
               escaped
               from
               one
               of
               the
               company
               without
               making
               reflexion
               (
               as
               I
               think
               )
               of
               what
               Countrey
               I
               was
               ,
               That
               amongst
               their
               Prophets
               there
               was
               one
               which
               said
               ,
               That
               
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 England
                 was
                 promised
                 to
                 their
                 young
                 King.
              
               This
               thought
               cast
               into
               the
               aire
               though
               inconsideratly
               ,
               seemed
               to
               me
               very
               considerable
               ;
               and
               having
               given
               me
               an
               occasion
               to
               reflect
               upon
               all
               things
               both
               past
               and
               present
               ,
               it
               served
               me
               as
               a
               light
               to
               guide
               me
               in
               the
               obscurity
               of
               this
               Labyrinth
               ,
               upon
               which
               before
               I
               had
               reasoned
               but
               superficially
               ,
               From
               thence
               being
               returned
               to
               my
               lodging
               ,
               I
               opened
               accidentally
               a
               book
               of
               Monsieur
               
                 de
                 Rohan
              
               ,
               intitled
               
                 The
                 interest
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 Christendome
                 ,
              
               and
               I
               fell
               presently
               upon
               a
               passage
               where
               he
               said
               ,
               That
               one
               of
               the
               surest
               wayes
               to
               make
               ones
               self
               Master
               of
               a
               State
               ,
               is
               to
               interpose
               and
               make
               himself
               arbiter
               of
               its
               differences
               .
               I
               had
               no
               need
               of
               any
               other
               Oedipus
               to
               expound
               to
               me
               the
               riddle
               of
               the
               Prophesy
               ,
               these
               first
               motives
               of
               suspicion
               
               having
               cast
               me
               into
               more
               profound
               thoughts
               ,
               I
               revolved
               in
               my
               mind
               how
               France
               had
               managed
               the
               whole
               business
               ,
               both
               before
               &
               since
               the
               beginning
               of
               our
               troubles
               ,
               and
               weighed
               all
               the
               circumstances
               of
               this
               Ambassage
               .
               Why
               such
               a
               solemne
               Ambassage
               in
               a
               time
               when
               all
               things
               seem
               most
               exasperated
               and
               furthest
               from
               accommodation
               ?
               Why
               then
               not
               sooner
               ,
               while
               differences
               were
               not
               yet
               irreconcileable
               between
               the
               two
               parties
               ?
               Why
               such
               a
               warlike
               Prince
               ,
               who
               is
               not
               experienced
               in
               the
               affaires
               of
               this
               Kingdome
               ,
               to
               manage
               a
               negotiation
               of
               a
               peace
               the
               most
               nice
               and
               intricate
               that
               the
               world
               at
               this
               time
               affords
               ?
               Why
               at
               the
               same
               time
               levying
               of
               Souldiers
               in
               Normandy
               ,
               when
               all
               the
               other
               troops
               are
               in
               their
               quarters
               ?
               Why
               therefore
               should
               they
               supply
               one
               of
               the
               parties
               with
               mony
               ,
               when
               they
               come
               to
               act
               the
               persons
               of
               mediatours
               ;
               if
               not
               to
               cast
               wood
               and
               oyle
               into
               the
               flame
               ?
               Why
               at
               the
               same
               time
               an
               Agent
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               who
               propounds
               to
               them
               openly
               a
               League
               with
               France
               ?
               Why
               begin
               they
               onely
               to
               turn
               their
               cares
               upon
               England
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               upon
               the
               point
               of
               concluding
               a
               peace
               with
               Spain
               ?
               May
               not
               we
               well
               judge
               that
               it
               is
               to
               prepare
               themselves
               for
               a
               new
               employment
               ?
               since
               they
               themselves
               confesse
               that
               their
               boiling
               and
               unquiet
               temper
               hath
               
               need
               of
               continuall
               exercise
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               onely
               means
               to
               prevent
               troubles
               at
               home
               ,
               is
               continually
               to
               furnish
               them
               with
               matter
               whereupon
               to
               evacuate
               their
               choler
               abroad
               .
               Why
               doth
               onely
               France
               afford
               us
               this
               so
               suddain
               and
               unexpected
               Charity
               ,
               after
               all
               the
               fresh
               wounds
               which
               bleed
               yet
               among
               them
               because
               of
               the
               expulsion
               of
               the
               Capuchins
               ,
               after
               the
               continuall
               cares
               she
               hath
               taken
               for
               so
               many
               years
               to
               lay
               the
               foundation
               of
               our
               troubles
               by
               the
               secret
               negotiations
               of
               the
               Marquis
               of
               Blainville
               ,
               by
               the
               intriques
               of
               the
               Cardinal
               of
               Richelieu
               with
               Buckingham
               ,
               by
               the
               long
               plots
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               and
               ,
               by
               the
               open
               sollicitations
               of
               the
               Marquis
               
                 de
                 la
                 Fert
              
               ?
               by
               all
               which
               they
               sometimes
               incited
               the
               Kings
               ministers
               to
               make
               him
               independent
               and
               absolute
               ,
               offering
               to
               that
               purpose
               their
               assistance
               ,
               and
               anone
               they
               sollicited
               the
               States
               to
               shake
               off
               the
               yoak
               of
               servitude
               ,
               finally
               they
               transformed
               themselves
               into
               a
               thousand
               different
               shapes
               ,
               till
               having
               plunged
               us
               deep
               enough
               in
               the
               gulf
               ,
               they
               then
               call
               back
               their
               Ambassage
               ,
               to
               give
               in
               appearance
               some
               satisfaction
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               but
               in
               truth
               because
               his
               commission
               was
               expired
               .
               May
               not
               we
               well
               conclude
               from
               all
               this
               ,
               that
               they
               will
               now
               reape
               the
               fruits
               they
               have
               so
               carefully
               sown
               and
               cultivated
               amongst
               us
               ?
               
               From
               these
               considerations
               falling
               insensibly
               on
               those
               of
               England
               ?
               what
               need
               (
               said
               I
               in
               my self
               )
               have
               we
               of
               the
               intermeddling
               of
               strangers
               ?
               are
               they
               more
               versed
               in
               our
               interests
               then
               our selves
               ?
               can
               they
               afford
               more
               expedients
               ?
               are
               they
               more
               sensible
               of
               our
               miseries
               then
               those
               that
               suffer
               them
               ?
               Is
               it
               to
               exhort
               us
               ,
               or
               to
               constrain
               us
               ?
               the
               first
               is
               superfluous
               ;
               the
               second
               dangerous
               .
               It
               must
               needs
               be
               that
               either
               in
               the
               one
               case
               they
               think
               to
               go
               beyond
               us
               in
               wit
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               other
               to
               master
               us
               by
               force
               .
               If
               peace
               be
               profitable
               for
               us
               ,
               have
               we
               any
               need
               either
               of
               a
               Master
               to
               make
               us
               know
               our
               advantage
               ,
               or
               of
               an
               Oratour
               to
               perswade
               us
               to
               it
               ?
               If
               it
               be
               hurtfull
               to
               us
               ,
               we
               ought
               to
               give
               them
               thanks
               for
               their
               advice
               ,
               but
               follow
               that
               which
               is
               better
               .
               If
               the
               peace
               be
               feasible
               ,
               why
               should
               we
               leave
               the
               glory
               of
               it
               to
               others
               ?
               if
               impossible
               ,
               why
               loose
               time
               in
               making
               vain
               propositions
               ?
               why
               should
               we
               acquaint
               strong
               and
               ambitious
               neighbours
               ,
               and
               trust
               the
               Philistins
               with
               the
               secret
               of
               our
               force
               ?
               Must
               England
               ,
               that
               hath
               in
               times
               past
               compelled
               France
               to
               purchase
               peace
               ,
               be
               now
               constrained
               to
               beg
               it
               of
               her
               ?
               that
               one
               of
               the
               most
               considerable
               and
               flourishing
               Monarchies
               of
               the
               world
               should
               serve
               for
               matter
               of
               sport
               to
               the
               vanity
               of
               the
               French
               ,
               and
               be
               the
               first
               upon
               
               whom
               they
               exercise
               the
               Title
               they
               give
               themselves
               of
               being
               Arbiters
               of
               Christendome
               ?
               What
               Counsel
               then
               shall
               we
               follow
               in
               this
               encounter
               ?
               That
               of
               good
               and
               wise
               Nature
               ,
               who
               having
               separated
               us
               from
               all
               other
               Nations
               by
               a
               vast
               and
               deep
               trench
               ,
               silently
               teacheth
               us
               ,
               that
               the
               principle
               of
               our
               subsistence
               is
               in
               our selves
               ,
               and
               that
               we
               ought
               not
               to
               submit
               our
               government
               to
               the
               arbitrement
               of
               others
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A34727-e210
           
             a
             Pausae
             et
             Hirtii
             consilium
             Caesari
             .
          
           
             a
             Velleius
             Paterculus
             .
          
           
             a
             Taci
             ▪
             An.
             10.
             
          
           
             b
             Iuvenat
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A34727-e820
           
             a
             Sil.
             Ital.
             lib.
             11.
             
          
           
             Examples
             of
             the
             affection
             of
             our
             Kings
             successively
             to
             Peace
             .
          
           
             a
             Benedictus
             Monachus
             in
             vita
             H.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Matth
             :
             Paris
             pag.
             214
             
          
           
             c
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             additam
             .
             Prosperi
             Aquitaniae
             Episc
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             anno
             secundo
             E.
             3
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             anno
             5.
             
             E.
             3.
             n.
             r.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rotul
             .
             Parl.
             anno
             17.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rotul
             .
             Franciae
             an
             .
             19.
             m.
             10.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             in
             derso
             20.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             16.
             part
             .
             i.
             a
             ▪
             
          
           
             e
             Liv.
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             ann
             .
             2.
             
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
             Siriliter
             8.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             Claus
             .
             m.
             34.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             25.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             28.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Paul.
             anno
             29.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Liv.
             l.
             5.
             
             Dec.
             5.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Chart.
             origin
             .
             de
             renunciat
             .
             in
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             anno
             45.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             7.
             
             R.
             2.
             n.
             17.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             contract
             .
             origin
             .
             inter
             Owinum
             Glendowr
             et
             Regem
             Franciae
             .
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Earl.
             anno
             11.
             
             Hen.
             4.
             n.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             ●
             Hen.
             5.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             14.
             
             H.
             6.
             
             ●
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Artic.
             in
             Confilio
             contra
             D.
             Somerset
             .
          
           
             d
             Int.
             Record
             .
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Bulla
             Pap.
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tractatu
             origin
             .
             in
             .
             l.
             B.
             266.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             procla
             :
             E.
             6.
             de
             expeditione
             contrae
             Scotos
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Cambrens
             ▪
             1569.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             〈…〉
             am
             .
             anno
             .
             3.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Examples
             of
             Invasion
             drawn
             from
             the
             attempts
             of
             others
             .
          
           
             Ex
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot
             Franc.
             in
             dorso
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             6.
             
          
           
             Nobilitie
             in
             dislike
             of
             forreign
             expeditions
             have
             rebelled
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             pat
             .
             &
             claus
             .
             de
             annis
             40
             ,
             41
             ,
             42.
             
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Cominei
             censura
             de
             com
             .
             char
             .
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Burthen
             of
             personall
             service
             grievous
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Parl.
             de
             anni
             ▪
             20.
             
             R.
             2.
             6.
             et
             9.
             
             He.
             4.
             1.
             et
             7.
             
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             Burthen
             of
             charge
             grievous
             ,
             ground
             of
             much
             trouble
             and
             oppression
             .
          
           
             d
             Cicero
             Epist
             .
             ad
             .
             Att.
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Radulpho
             Cogeshal
             .
             de
             anno
             8.
             10.
             annis
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Matth.
             Weston
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             hist.
             minori
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             hist
             .
             ma.
             pag.
             780.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Joanne
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             hist.
             Matth.
             Paris
             pag.
             32.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Matth.
             Westm
             .
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             anno
             5.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Cassiodori
             Var.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Alm.
             m.
             22.
             
          
           
             d
             Tho.
             VValsingham
             .
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             44.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Alm.
             12.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             22
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             de
             an
             .
             2.
             3.
             5.
             7.
             8.
             
             &
             9.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             &
             Claus
             .
             anno
             8.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             chron
             .
             S.
             Albani
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             I.
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             c
             In
             Bundel
             Inquisitionum
             ,
             anno
             20.
             &
             anno
             24.
             
             Hen.
             6.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             lib.
             Abbat
             .
             de
             Ramsey
             .
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Adam
             Merimouth
             in
             vita
             Ed.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             d
             Mat.
             Paris
             Hist
             .
             majori
             .
          
           
             Military
             Education
             cause
             of
             trouble
             in
             the
             state
             .
          
           
             Heads
             of
             dangerous
             Rebellions
             hae
             been
             onely
             such
             as
             by
             Command
             in
             Warre
             have
             forgot
             to
             obey
             in
             Peace
             .
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             Paris
             anno
             5.
             
             Joan.
             
          
           
             b
             Willielm
             .
             de
             Rishanger
             in
             Historia
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Charta
             concess
             .
             Baronibus
             anno
             49.
             
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             Verba
             Ducis
             Somerset
             .
             contra
             Ducem
             Eborac
             .
             coram
             Rege
             .
          
           
             Many
             disorders
             in
             the
             State
             by
             return
             of
             the
             common
             Souldier
             .
          
           
             a
             Parl.
             ann
             .
             22.
             
             Hen.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             Exhausting
             of
             the
             people
             no
             Necessity
             but
             Danger
             .
          
           
             a
             Bed
             2
             Hist
             .
             Eccl.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Franciae
             an
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             I.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rot.
             Original
             .
             in
             Arch.
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             anno
             7.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             Lucan
             .
          
           
             Better
             to
             disburden
             the
             state
             by
             Colony
             then
             War.
             
          
           
             Profit
             of
             war.
             Expence
             of
             money
             ,
             Munition
             and
             men
             .
          
           
             A
             summary
             of
             all
             the
             exactions
             upon
             this
             State
             from
             the
             Conquest
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             late
             Queen
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Matth.
             Paris
             pag.
             8.
             
             &
             15.
             
          
           
             William
             Rufus
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             antiq
             .
             legibus
             Anglioe
             .
          
           
             b
             Silius
             Italicus
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Gualt
             .
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Westm
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Hen.
             Hunting
             .
          
           
             Stephen
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             mon.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             Henry
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Gervas
             .
             Dorobernen
             .
             anno
             1159.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             lib.
             Rub.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Gervas
             .
             Dorobernens
             .
          
           
             c
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Rossens
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Mat
             Paris
             .
          
           
             f
             Rub.
             liber
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             Richard
             1.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             hist
             .
             min.
             
             Math.
             Paris
             .
             Rub.
             libr.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Walt.
             Coventr
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex.
             Rog.
             Hoved
             .
             &
             Walt.
             Covent
             .
          
           
             a
             Tacit.
             annal
             .
             4.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             c
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Walt.
             Coventr
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             charta
             origin
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             pa.
             209.
             
          
           
             h
             Exhist
             .
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             King
             John.
             
          
           
             a
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             &
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rog.
             Hoveden
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             d
             Lib.
             Rub.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Lib.
             Rub.
             Sccrii
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             i
             Walt.
             Coventr
             .
             &
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             l
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             .
          
           
             m
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             n
             Ex
             Rad.
             Cogshall
             &
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             o
             Math.
             Paris
             hist
             .
             min.
             
          
           
             p
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             .
          
           
             Henry
             3.
             
          
           
             q
             Ex
             Rub.
             lib.
             in
             Sccrio
             &
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             a
             Mat.
             Paris
             ,
             &
             ex
             Rot.
             Claus
             .
             &
             finium
             an
             .
             12
             ,
             13
             ,
             15
             ,
             &
             19.
             
             Hen.
             3.
             &
             ex
             lib.
             Chart.
             Cantuar.
             Episc
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             8.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             ,
             &
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
             Claus
             .
             anno
             19.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Mat.
             Westmonast
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             statuto
             anno
             4.
             c.
             l7
             .
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             16.
             
             H.
             3
             &
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             lib.
             Cantuar
             .
             Episc
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Eversden
             &
             Paris
             .
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Mat.
             Paris
             &
             Eversden
             &
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             16.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             k
             Rad.
             Cistrensis
             ,
             ex
             Eversden
             ,
             Paris
             &
             lib.
             Chart.
             Cant.
             Archiep.
             anno
             8.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             l
             Ex
             Joan.
             Eversden
             Pat.
             an
             .
             3.
             
             E.
             1.
             m.
             26.
             
          
           
             m
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             26.
             
             Henr.
             3.
             
          
           
             n
             Ex
             H.
             Mat.
             Par.
             p.
             517.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             lib.
             anno
             26.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             c
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             14.
             
             H.
             3.
             n.
             8.
             &
             claus
             .
             12.
             
             He.
             3.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             14
             H.
             3.
             n.
             7.
             
          
           
             e
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16
             H.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             f
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             14.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             in
             Dorso
             ,
             an
             .
             15.
             
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             finium
             26.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             4.
             
          
           
             Edward
             1.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             25.
             
             E.
             1.
             m.
             3.
             sced
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             anno
             22.
             
             E.
             1.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vasco
             .
             an
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             1.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vas
             .
             an
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             31.
             
             E.
             1.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Hist
             .
             Joan.
             Eversden
             .
          
           
             Edward
             2.
             
          
           
             f
             Claus
             .
             an
             8.
             
             E.
             2.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             16.
             
             E.
             2.
             
             Claus
             .
             anno
             12.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             memor
             .
             Sccii
             .
             an
             .
             10.
             
             E.
             2.
             ex
             parte
             Rem
             .
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             anno
             22.
             
             E.
             2.
             m.
             13.
             in
             sced
             .
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             11.
             m.
             17
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             12.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             4.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             .
             anno
             17.
             
             E.
             2
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             anno
             38.
             m.
             34.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             m.
             29.
             
          
           
             d
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             6.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scot.
             anno
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             m.
             10.
             &
             an
             .
             4
             m.
             5.
             &
             an
             .
             9.
             
             &
             Rot.
             pat
             .
             anno
             10.
             m.
             12
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             8.
             m.
             9.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Scot.
             Dorso
             ,
             anno
             7.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             i
             Dorso
             claus
             .
             anno
             16.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             m.
             8.
             
          
           
             l
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             8.
             
             E.
             2.
             
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             anno
             9.
             
          
           
             m
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             n
             Ex
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             7.
             
             E.
             2
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Paterculo
             de
             Aug.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             11.
             &
             cla
             .
             an
             .
             15.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             3.
             
             E.
             2.
             m.
             8.
             
             Dorso
             .
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             an
             .
             11.
             m.
             16.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             15.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             12.
             m.
             13
             
          
           
             h
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             18
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             27.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             9.
             m.
             22.
             
             Dors
             .
             Cla.
             10.
             m.
             26.
             claus
             .
             anno
             15.
             m.
             13
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             16.
             m.
             27
             
          
           
             l
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             m
             Dors
             claus
             .
             anno
             .
             6.
             m.
             28.
             
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             7.
             m.
             2.
             claus
             .
             anno
             8.
             m.
             30.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             16.
             m.
             12.
             
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             12.
             m.
             6.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             18.
             m.
             21.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             15.
             
             E.
             2.
             m.
             14.
             
             Rot.
             finium
             :
             anno
             15.
             m.
             16
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             9.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             16.
             m.
             12
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             anno
             15.
             m.
             19
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13.
             
             E.
             2.
             m.
             1.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             13
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             f
             Pat.
             an
             .
             48.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             10.
             
          
           
             Edward
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             20
             E.
             3.
             m.
             22.
             in
             dorso
             .
          
           
             a
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             
             Rot.
             Sco.
             anno
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             2.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             10
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             m.
             9.
             
             &
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             12.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             13.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             15.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             anno
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             10.
             m.
             17
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             1.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Scotiae
             anno
             1.
             
          
           
             d
             Parla
             .
             an
             .
             13
             E.
             3.
             
             Parla
             .
             anno
             14.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             46.
             
          
           
             f
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             1.
             
          
           
             g
             Parl.
             an
             .
             22.
             
             E.
             3.
             n.
             9.
             
          
           
             a
             Parl.
             an
             .
             2.
             
             &
             14.
             
             Rot.
             2.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             Richard
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             2.
             
             R.
             ●
             .
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             a
             Tacit.
             lib.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             annis
             3
             ,
             4
             ,
             &
             5.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             .
             1.
             
             H.
             4.
             n.
             32.
             
          
           
             Henry
             4.
             
          
           
             a
             Hist
             .
             Tho.
             VValsingham
             
          
           
             Henry
             5.
             
          
           
             Henry
             6.
             
          
           
             Nota
             First
             monopolies
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             11.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             18.
             
             Hen.
             6.
             n.
             38.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Paterculo
             .
          
           
             Edward
             4.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             2
             ,
             &
             8.
             
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             d
             Placita
             Coronae
             .
          
           
             e
             Chron.
             Fabiani
             .
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             12.
             
             E.
             4.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Parl.
             
          
           
             Edward
             5.
             
          
           
             Richard
             3.
             
          
           
             Henry
             7.
             
          
           
             a
             Fabian
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             litera
             missa
             Abbatiss
             .
             Barking
             manu
             Regis
             H.
             7.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             litera
             Ducis
             Nerfolciae
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             lib.
             Acquit
             .
             in
             t
             .
             Regem
             &
             Dudly
             R.
             C.
             
          
           
             Henry
             8.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             originali
             signat
             .
             manu
             Regis
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             originali
             Instructione
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             instruct
             .
             originali
             anno
             14.
             
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             21.
             
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             Edward
             6.
             
          
           
             Q.
             Mary
             .
          
           
             Q.
             Elizabeth
             
          
           
             Princes
             extremities
             beyond
             the
             ease
             of
             their
             people
             by
             reason
             of
             wars
             .
          
           
             Credit
             of
             Ks.
             so
             much
             impaired
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             borrow
             but
             upon
             surety
             and
             extreme
             interest
             .
          
           
             a
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             13.
             
             E.
             3.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             Nota.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Instruct.
             Thomae
             Gresham
             ,
             anno
             1557.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             Willielm
             .
             Herie
             16.
             
             August
             .
             an
             .
             5.
             
             Eliz.
             Similiter
             
          
           
             c
             Thomae
             Gresham
             .
             1563.
             
             &
             76.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             litera
             Edw.
             Lee
             orat
             .
             Regis
             H.
             8.
             in
             Hisp
             .
             anno
             28.
             
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             abate
             their
             hospitalitie
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             18.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             hist
             .
             majori
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             pawn
             and
             sell
             their
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             51.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             17.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             contract
             .
             orig
             .
             &
             Hist
             .
             Norman
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Vasc
             5.
             
             E.
             2.
             
             Rot.
             finium
             an
             .
             8.
             
             Rot.
             cui
             titulus
             ,
             ex
             tract
             .
             de
             donacionib
             .
             c.
             9.
             
             &
             10.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             Kings
             enforced
             to
             make
             Resumption
             of
             their
             Lands
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             ●
             .
             anno
             1.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1.
             
             Hen.
             5
             n.
             12.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             28.
             
             H.
             6.
             
             &
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             legibus
             Theodos
             .
             &
             Valentinian
             .
             in
             Codice
             .
          
           
             Ks.
             enforced
             to
             pawn
             and
             sell
             their
             Jewells
             .
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Pat.
             anno
             26.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             1.
             
             Similiter
             an
             .
             56.
             
             H.
             3.
             in
             21.
             m.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Pat.
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1.
             
             E.
             1.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             h
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             ●he
             .
             Walsingham
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             originali
             de
             anno
             6.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             Rot.
             17.
             
          
           
             b
             Pat.
             anno
             3.
             
             H.
             4.
             m.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Pat.
             an
             .
             10.
             
             Hen.
             6.
             
             Pat.
             anno
             12.
             
             H.
             6.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             d
             Pat.
             an
             .
             29.
             
             H.
             6.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             Kings
             enforlced
             to
             pawn
             their
             Regal
             Crown
             .
          
           
             e
             Pat.
             Pars.
             1.
             an
             .
             17.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             f
             Pat.
             an
             .
             24.
             m.
             21.
             
          
           
             g
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             30
             E.
             3.
             
             Com.
             de
             Ter.
             Hill.
             38.
             
             E.
             3.
             ex
             parte
             Rem
             .
             Regis
             .
          
           
             h
             Pat.
             anno
             5.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             23.
             &
             similiter
             an
             .
             9.
             
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             51.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             17.
             
             &
             18.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             historia
             ●uicciardini
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             hist
             .
             S.
             Albani
             .
          
           
             In
             place
             of
             spoile
             the
             Souldiers
             return
             oppressed
             with
             extreme
             Beggery
             .
          
           
             b
             Lucan
             .
             de
             Bello
             Civili
             lib.
             7.
             
          
           
             a
             Math.
             Paris
             pag.
             580.
             
          
           
             b
             Hist
             .
             Mat.
             Paris
             p.
             1358
             
          
           
             c
             Math.
             Paris
             pag.
             909.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             lit
             .
             Cardin
             .
             Wolsei
             ad
             Card.
             Sodrin
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             Rich.
             Wingfield
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             lit
             .
             Tho.
             Wolsey
             Episc
             .
             Lincoln
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             compute
             in
             Archivis
             Rob.
             Com.
             Salisb.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tractat
             .
             anno
             1598.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             computo
             deliberat
             .
             Domino
             Thesaur
             .
             Burleigh
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             computo
             Joannis
             Hawkins
             Thesaur
             .
             Naviae
             .
          
           
             *
             Hor.
             Epo
             .
             7.
             
          
           
             Forreign
             Dominions
             alwaies
             charge
             ,
             no
             benefit
             .
          
           
             Example
             in
             Normandy
             .
          
           
             a
             Math.
             Par.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Legibus
             antiquis
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Walt.
             Gisborn
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             lib.
             Rubro
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             lib.
             Pipnell
             .
          
           
             f
             Rad.
             Coggeshall
             .
          
           
             g
             Math.
             Par.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Archiv
             .
             de
             redit
             .
             Norman
             .
             tempore
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             origin
             Instr.
             Domini
             Scrope
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             libro
             Domini
             Carew
             de
             anno
             1.
             
             &
             2.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             de
             .
             an
             .
             11.
             
             H.
             6
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             lib.
             originali
             Roberti
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             27.
             
             H.
             6.
             n.
             27.
             
          
           
             Aquitain
             ,
             Gascoign
             ,
             Guien
             .
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             liber
             .
             anno
             26.
             
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             an
             .
             22.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             g
             Math.
             Paris
             Pag.
             578.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Willielm
             .
             de
             Otterhampton
             ,
             anno
             17.
             
             E.
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Pat.
             an
             .
             1.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Richardi
             Longley
             an
             .
             36.
             
             E.
             3.
             in
             Thesaur
             .
             Regis
             Westmon
             .
             in
             Rot.
             Aquitaniae
             .
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             1.
             
             R.
             2.
             m.
             24.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             17.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Walt.
             de
             Weston
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Tho.
             Swinburn
             anno
             10.
             
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Ioannis
             Tiptoft
             an
             .
             1.
             
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Will.
             Clifford
             &
             Robert
             :
             Holme
             an
             .
             5.
             
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             k
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             an
             .
             E
             I.
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             Britanny
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Math.
             Paris
             .
          
           
             Brest
             .
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             2.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Tho.
             Parry
             .
             Cust
             .
             astri
             de
             B●●t
             ,
             a.
             9.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             Callis
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Williel
             .
             Horwell
             in
             Thesaur
             .
             Regis
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Richardi
             Eccleshall
             de
             annis
             28
             ,
             29
             ,
             &
             30.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Rot.
             Rar
             .
             anno
             2.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Rob.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Simonis
             de
             Burg.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Rog.
             de
             Wald.
             anno
             13.
             
             R.
             2.
             
             &
             15.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Joannis
             Bernam
             ,
             anno
             23.
             
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Ro.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Nich.
             Vske
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             Comput
             .
             Rob.
             Thorley
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             Comput
             ▪
             Rob.
             Salvin
             ,
             de
             annis
             5.
             
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Parl.
             an
             .
             11.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             27.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             31.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             33.
             
          
           
             l
             Rot.
             Parl.
             4.
             
             E.
             4.
             
          
           
             m
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Majoris
             Stapulae
             anno
             1.
             
             R.
             3.
             
          
           
             n
             Ex
             comput
             .
             origin
             .
             inter
             Chartas
             Roberti
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             o
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Domini
             Lisle
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             lib.
             de
             expens
             .
             Bellor
             .
             H.
             8.
             
             &
             E.
             6.
             in
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbur
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             litera
             Archiep.
             Cant.
             Card.
             Wolsey
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             litera
             Thomae
             Smith
             Secret.
             anno
             1567.
             3.
             
             Maii.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Joannis
             Tiptoft
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Hen.
             Percy
             ,
             anno
             1.
             
             H.
             4.
             
          
           
             d
             Parl.
             an
             .
             11.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             .
          
           
             f
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Williel
             .
             de
             Brumleigh
             .
          
           
             Barwick
             .
          
           
             g
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Nicol.
             Episc
             .
             Meth
             ,
             an
             .
             30.
             
             Ed.
             3.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Tho.
             Scurla●
             anno
             50.
             
             E.
             3.
             
          
           
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Joan.
             Spencer
             ,
             de
             annis
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Par.
             anno
             11.
             
             H.
             6.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             amotat
             .
             Dom.
             Burleigh
             ex
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             comput
             .
             Rad.
             Lane.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             comput
             .
             in
             Musaeo
             Com.
             Salisbury
             Thesaur
             .
             Angliae
             .
          
           
             Addition
             of
             any
             forreign
             Title
             no
             Honour
             .
          
           
             e
             Baldus
             .
          
           
             Stile
             of
             Normandy
             and
             Aquitain
             ,
             accounted
             by
             our
             Kings
             a
             vassalage
             .
          
           
             Stile
             of
             France
             restrained
             by
             petition
             in
             Parliament
             .
          
           
             France
             possessed
             would
             leave
             us
             to
             the
             misery
             of
             a
             province
             
          
           
             a
             Tacit.
             in
             vita
             Agricolae
             .
          
           
             To
             enterprise
             any
             war
             ,
             not
             so
             easy
             .
          
           
             Meanes
             of
             successe
             formerly
             .
          
           
             Advantage
             of
             Place
             and
             Party
             .
          
           
             Advantage
             of
             Place
             .
          
           
             a
             Livy
             lib.
             28.
             
          
           
             a
             Math.
             Paris
             in
             vita
             H.
             3.
             
          
           
             b
             Math.
             Par.
             vita
             Hen.
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             d
             Walsingham
             .
             T.
             Livius
             Foroliviensis
             in
             vita
             He.
             5.
             
          
           
             Confederates
             were
             the
             onely
             ground
             of
             all
             the
             good
             successe
             .
          
           
             A
             list
             of
             all
             the
             Confederates
             from
             Hen.
             the
             firsts
             Reign
             to
             the
             end
             of
             the
             last
             Queen
             .
             Henry
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             orig
             .
             in
             Arch.
             Thes
             .
             West
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Radulp.
             de
             Diceto
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             orig
             .
             signat
             .
             à
             Comite
             &
             Castellanis
             ,
             in
             Thes
             .
             West
             .
          
           
             Richard
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Radulph
             .
             de
             Diceto
             .
          
           
             e
             Math.
             Paris
             184.
             
          
           
             a
             In
             dorso
             Cla.
             an
             .
             1.
             
             Joannis
             .
          
           
             K●ng
             John.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             Henry
             3.
             
          
           
             c
             Dors
             .
             Pat.
             11.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             11.
             
          
           
             d
             Rot.
             lib.
             an
             .
             14.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             7.
             ex
             originali
             .
          
           
             Edward
             1.
             
          
           
             e
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             13.
             
             Edw.
             1.
             
          
           
             Ex
             origin
             .
             in
             Thesaur
             .
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Vascon
             .
             an
             .
             20.
             m.
             19.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             de
             annis
             22.
             
             &
             31.
             m.
             13.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             origin
             .
             sub
             .
             sigillo
             in
             Thes
             .
             Westm.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             an
             .
             31.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             l
             Dors
             .
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             18.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             34.
             m.
             24.
             
          
           
             Edward
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Vasco
             .
             an
             .
             9.
             
             &
             11.
             
          
           
             c
             Dors
             .
             Claus
             ▪
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             d
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             Edward
             3.
             
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             libera
             2.
             m.
             6.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Alman
             .
             anno
             11.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Antwer
             .
             anno
             12.
             
          
           
             h
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Rot.
             Antwerp
             .
             an
             .
             12.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             14.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             c
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             25.
             
          
           
             d
             Dors
             .
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             18.
             m.
             20.
             
          
           
             e
             Dors
             .
             calus
             .
             an
             .
             19.
             m.
             14.
             
          
           
             f
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Pat.
             an
             .
             24.
             n.
             8.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             orininali
             de
             anno
             37.
             in
             lib.
             Ro.
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             i
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
             West
             .
             de
             annis
             37.
             
             &
             41.
             
          
           
             K
             Ex
             orig
             .
             sub
             sigillo
             .
          
           
             l
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             origin
             ,
             in
             Archiv
             .
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             m
             Claus
             .
             an
             .
             I.
             R.
             2.
             
          
           
             Richard
             2.
             
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             2.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             .
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             6.
             n.
             11.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             in
             the
             lib.
             Italico
             Rob.
             Cotton
             .
          
           
             e
             Rot.
             Franciae
             anno
             6.
             m.
             28.
             
          
           
             f
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             12.
             m.
             16
             &
             anno
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             16.
             &
             anno
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             20.
             m.
             2.
             
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             claus
             .
             an
             .
             2.
             
             Hen.
             4.
             
             &
             Rot.
             Fran.
             anno
             2.
             
             &
             3.
             
             H.
             4.
             m.
             6.
             
             Henry
             4.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             12.
             
             H.
             4.
             m.
             21.
             
             Henry
             .
             5.
             
          
           
             l
             Tho.
             Walsingham
             .
          
           
             m
             Ex
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             4.
             
          
           
             n
             Ex
             orig
             .
             in
             Thes
             ,
             Westm
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             chron
             .
             Rogeri
             Wall.
             in
             vita
             H.
             5.
             anno
             5.
             
             &
             8.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Instruct
             .
             orig
             .
             31.
             
             Aug.
             5.
             
             H.
             5.
             
          
           
             Henry
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Contract
             .
             originali
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             Tractat.
             Alrabatensi
             .
          
           
             e
             Ex
             tractat
             .
             Brugens
             .
             1442
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             tractat
             .
             Callisiae
             1445.
             
             Ex
             tractat
             .
             Bruxellensi
             1446.
             
          
           
             g
             Parl.
             an
             .
             7.
             
             E.
             4.
             n.
             28.
             
             Edward
             4.
             
          
           
             h
             Rot.
             Franc.
             anno
             8.
             m.
             22.
             &
             ex
             contract
             .
             originali
             .
          
           
             i
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             11.
             
             E.
             4.
             m.
             7.
             
          
           
             k
             Rot.
             Franc.
             an
             .
             12.
             m.
             22.
             &
             ex
             orig
             .
             in
             .
             Thes
             .
             Westm
             .
          
           
             a
             Rot.
             Fran.
             anno
             14.
             m.
             18.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Contr.
             de
             anno
             1487.
             pro
             solutione
             50000
             scutorum
             ad
             100.
             annos
             .
          
           
             Henry
             7.
             
          
           
             c
             Rot.
             Fran.
             anno
             5.
             
             &
             6.
             
             Hen.
             7.
             
             &
             Contract
             .
             origin
             .
             an
             .
             8.
             
             H.
             7.
             
          
           
             Henry
             8.
             
          
           
             d
             Ex
             magno
             Intercusu
             de
             an
             .
             1495.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             tract
             .
             original
             .
             de
             dat
             .
             1513.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             litera
             Max.
             Imp.
             Card.
             Ebor.
             dat
             .
             15.
             
          
           
             g
             Rot.
             Fran.
             anno
             7.
             
             H.
             8.
             
          
           
             h
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Bruxellensi
             1515.
             
          
           
             i
             Ex
             originali
             subscript
             .
             card
             .
             Sedunensi
             de
             dat
             .
             1516.
             
          
           
             k
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Callis
             .
             anno
             1521.
             
          
           
             l
             Ex
             tract
             .
             orig
             .
             subscript
             .
             manu
             Card.
             Ebor.
             &
             Margar.
             Regent
             .
             24.
             
             August
             .
             1521.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Winsor
             .
             1522.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Cambrens
             .
             1529.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             tract
             .
             ultrajectensi
             .
          
           
             d
             Ex
             tract
             .
             de
             anno
             1543.
             
             Ex
             originali
             dat
             .
             ultimo
             Janu.
             1547.
             
          
           
             e
             Ex
             instruct
             .
             Rich.
             Morison
             Edward
             6.
             
          
           
             f
             Ex
             litera
             Ducis
             Somers
             .
             Magist
             .
             Pag.
             1549.
             
          
           
             g
             Ex
             contract
             .
             Matrimoniali
             1554.
             
          
           
             h
             Extract
             .
             Matr.
             1559.
             
             Queen
             Mary
             ,
          
           
             i
             Ex
             artic
             .
             subscript
             .
             à
             Vidame
             de
             Chartres
             1562.
             
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             k
             Ex
             s●●der
             .
             Trecensi
             .
             1564
             
          
           
             l
             Ex
             tract
             .
             ●l●sensi
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             tract
             .
             Londim
             .
             1596.
             
          
           
             b
             Ex
             tract
             .
             cum
             ordin
             .
             Belgiae
             de
             annis
             1585.
             
             &
             1598.
             
          
           
             Confederats
             of
             most
             benefit
             to
             England
             .
          
           
             Princes
             whose
             Confederation
             are
             of
             least
             benefit
             .
          
           
             Bonds
             of
             Confederation
             cannot
             be
             the
             same
             they
             were
             before
             .
             As
             with
             the
             State
             of
             Genoa
             .
          
           
             c
             Livy
             Dec.
             4.
             l.
             2.
             
          
           
             d
             In
             Relatione
             de
             Statu
             Genoae
             an
             .
             1595.
             
          
           
             Navarre
             ,
             Britain
             .
          
           
             Burgundie
             .
          
           
             Spain
             .
          
           
             a
             Paterculus
             .
          
           
             Dangers
             in
             Confederacy
             by
             diversity
             of
             Ends.
             Examples
             ,
             that
             ends
             served
             ,
             Confederates
             quit
             all
             bonds
             of
             Combination
             
          
           
             a
             Matth
             Paris
             1242.
             
          
           
             b
             Rot.
             Parl.
             anno
             29.
             
             E.
             3.
             n.
             6.
             
          
           
             Suspecting
             that
             an
             Allie
             may
             grow
             too
             great
             ,
             dissolveth
             alliance
             
          
           
             Liv.
             lib.
             34.
             
          
           
             a
             Ex
             original
             .
             in
             manu
             Domini
             Cromwell
             .
          
           
             Doctrine
             of
             the
             See
             of
             Rome
             touching
             leagues
             with
             Hereticks
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Bulla
             origin
             .
             sub
             sigillo
             vrbani
             6.
             an
             .
             pont
             .
             4
             .
          
           
             Subjects
             obedient
             to
             the
             Popes
             Censure
             a
             dangerous
             Party
             .
          
           
             a
             Ex
             Eulogio
             Hist
             .
          
           
             a
             Festus
             Amoenus
             .
          
           
             Danger
             of
             large
             Frontiers
             .
          
           
             b
             Salust
             .
             in
             Bello
             Catil
             .
          
           
             c
             Suetonius
             in
             vita
             Augusti
             .
          
           
             d
             Dion
             Cassius
             
          
           
             a
             Tacitus
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             proposit
             .
             Statuum
             de
             anno
             1585.
             
          
           
             What
             State
             may
             best
             admit
             addition
             .
          
           
             c
             Zozimus
             in
             vita
             Constantini
             .
          
           
             a
             Velleius
             Paterc
             .
             de
             Expeditione
             Caesaris
             .
          
           
             b
             Bodin
             .
             de
             Repub.
             lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             c
             Ex
             orat
             .
             Demosth
             .
             ad
             Athenienses
             .
          
           
             Safetie
             in
             Neutralitie
             .
          
           
             a
             Tacitus
             &
             Dion
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             Honour
             attained
             by
             Neutrality
             ,
             in
             being
             the
             Arbiter
             of
             all
             differences
             between
             the
             might
             est
             Nieighbours
             .
          
           
             a
             Froisard
             .
          
           
             b
             Ex
             Regist
             &
             libris
             Tractatuum
             .
          
           
             c
             Ex
             Demost
             .
             4
             Philip.